! I THE ADORATION OF THE MAGI; OR, JESUS MANIFESTED TO THE GENTILES. _ The wise men, or Magi, from the East, having seen the Star, of which Balaam the soothsayer had prophesied, after a long journey, during which they follow its guidance, at length arrive at Bethlehem. There they find the young Child and Mary His Mother, and offer their gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh, in acknowledgment of His Royalty, His Priesthood, and His future Death. The Pictorial Bible and Church-History Stories, from the beginning of the World down to the present time. Part IY. and Volume II. THE \ eatlj, aitfr fiesitiwtmtt OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST. • > BEING AN ABRIDGED HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS IN THE WORDS OF THE SACRED TEXT. EDITED BY THE EEY. HENRY EORMBY. WCxi\ an mtml% ncfo nf (Bngrafrwgs nn FROM DESIGNS BY C. CLASEN, D. MOSLER, AND OTHERS. / " 1 V “ Narraverunt mihi iniqui fabulationes, sed non ut lex tua.” Ps. cxviii. LONDON: BURNS, OATES, AND COMPANY, 17,18 Portman Street, W., and 63 Paternoster Row, E.C. BOSTON COLLEGE LIBRARY CHESTNUT HILL, MASS, ,1s 2 ,SfcO F72- LONDON l HOBSON AND SONS, PRINTERS, PANCRAS ROAD, N.W S* PREFACE. The Roman Liturgy, in the preface to the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, on Christmas Day, says: “ That while we come to know God by the sight, we are carried up by Him to the love of things invisible.” Great is the mystery of godliness, God manifest in the flesh, also, says St. Paul. What sight and personal intercourse did for the generation that saw our Lord in the flesh, history supplies to us. It cannot then admit of doubt but that the Christian who lives hi the worJ,d and goes out of it void by his own fault of a sufficient knowledge of the life, miracles, and doc¬ trines of Jesus Christ, ‘‘the only Name given to man whereby we may be saved,” is guilty in the sight of God of a great act of contempt of the salvation which God has worked out for him. None, old or young, can possess or enjoy life in the Church without having Jesus Christ brought before their minds as God, “who, for us men and for our salvation, came down from Heaven, and was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and was made Man; who suffered for us under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead and buried; who on the third day rose again from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, and there sitteth on the right hand of the Father, from thence to come to judge the living and the dead.” He who thus came down from Heaven to die for us has said: “Whosoever shall be ashamed of me and of my words, in this perverse and adulterous generation, of him shall the Son of Man be ashamed when He comes in the glory of His Father with the Holy Angels.” To continue wilfully ignorant of Jesus Christ, His life, His doctrines, His miracles, His passion and death, what else can this be but to be ashamed of Him now in this perverse generation, hereafter to be put to an eternal shame by Him before His Father and the Holy Angels? Is He not the Lord over whom that death to which He was pleased to submit could have no dominion? and are not we, Pis creatures, subject to the dominion of death, whether we please or do not please to submit to it? The prophet Daniel says, “ Many of those who now sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some unto life everlasting, and others unto reproach, to see it for ever and ever” {Dan. xii. 2). Who are more likely to be among those that awake to an everlasting reproach than they who, when God has become man for them and for their salvation, despise the knowledge of His life, ministry, and doctrines? “Looking diligently,” says St. Paul, “lest there be any profane person among you as Esau, who for one mess of pottage sold his first birthright. ” Can there easily be a more profane thing than to despise the knowledge of Jesus Christ? “For know ye,” says St. Paul, “that afterwards when he desired to inherit the benediction, he was rejected, for he found no place of repentance, though he sought it with tears” ( Heb . xii.). Now to make Jesus Christ and His salvation known is the duty of the Church in all ages ; and the present little pictorial volume is merely an instrument avail- VI PREFACE. able for the work which all good Christians must desire to see flourish and suc¬ ceed. Jesus Christ is said in the Scripture to be the Comer Stone of the building which makes both walls one. In Him the history of the world preparatory to His coming joins on to the history of the subsequent progress of His Church in the conversion of the nations of the world. Taken as a distinct portion of an elemen¬ tary series of Sacred History, the present volume, as Part IV. of the Series of Bible and Church-History Stories, stands in the position of the Corner Stone of the plan, being the point of junction which unites the three parts of the history that have preceded, with the three parts of the Church History which, please God, are to follow. The text is taken, as far as was consistent with abridgment, word for word from the Evangelists, and the harmony that has been followed is that of the learned J esuit, F. Xavier Patritius, the professor of Sacred Scripture in the Boman College. St. John, in the last sentence of his Gospel, says, “ there are also many other things which Jesus did, which if they were written, every one, the world itself I think would not be able to contain the books that should be written.” Thus, as the Gospels themselves are but a selection from that which might have been recorded, so the limits of the present little volume have not admitted of more than such a selection again from the Evangelists as appeared to be suited for the purpose of a book of elementary use. To all who desire more, the writings of the Evangelists themselves are easily accessible. If any reader also should happen to be stmck with a general character in the illustrations occasionally different from that of the works of some celebrated painters, the remark will be in place, that these great painters never seem to have regarded themselves as under any kind of obligation to the truth of history, and only to have made it their business to study ideal beauty, not to search after traces of facts. How, over and above that a wood engraving in its own nature is a very different thing as a work of art from an elaborate picture which is hung up in a gallery where people must go in order to see it, the wood engraving has to be placed side by side with the text of a history in a book, and is thus liable to be multiplied without limit, and sent all over the world, into the hands of people of all nations and languages. It therefore necessarily contracts, as the companion to a book of history which is not limited to any particular spot, a positive obligation to truth, that sits far more lightly upon the picture that is fixed to a particular spot, and is in the way of being seen merely by a comparatively few passing spectators. Truth, as far as possible, must ever be the sacred duty of the illustration of a history, and the picture which illustrates a history must aim at becoming a second auxiliary historian. The above passing remarks are what the editor thinks himself called upon to make as to the general character of the series of engravings on which a sum of public money has been employed. If the result does not in every case answer expectation, it must be remembered that it is out of an editor’s power to overrule the work of designers and engravers. All that superintendence could effect has not been spared, and though much might no doubt have been better, still it is hoped that incessant pains and labour on all hands have not been without their portion* of good success. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Vision op Zachary. 2 The Annunciation. 3 The Visitation. 4 The Birth of John the Baptist. 5 The Birth of Jesus. 6 Adoration of the Shepherds. 7 The Presentation. 8 The Wise Men. 9 Flight into Egypt and Holy Innocents. 10 Return out of Egypt. 11 Jesps found in the Temple. 12 St. John the Baptist preaches. 13 St. Lttke’s Genealogy. 14 Jesus is baptized. 15 Testimony of John. 16 Temptation. 17 First Disciples. 18 Marrtage at Cana. 19 First Pasch at Jerusalem. 20 Nicodemus. 21 The Woman of Samaria. 22 The Synagogue at Nazareth. 23 The Miraculous Draught of Fishes. 24 The Sermon on the Mount. 25 The Call of St. Matthew. 26 Fasting. 27 The Disciples of John. 28 The Disciples pluck the Eabs of Corn. 29 The Centurion’s Servant. 30 Jesus considered to be mad. 31 The Son of the Widow of Naim. 32 The Twelve Apostles. 33 The Dinner in the House of Simon. 34 John the Baptist beheaded. 35 Jesus speaks in Parables. 36 The Feast of Tabernacles. 37 The Demoniac of Gadara. 38 The First Mission of the Apostles. 39 The Miracle of the Five Loaves. 40 St. Peter tries to walk on the Sea. 41 Discourse on the Holy Eucharist. 42 The Syrophcenician Woman. 43 Primacy of St. Peter. 44 The Transfiguration. 45 His Crucifixion foretold. 46 He pays the Tribute by a Miracle. 47 Dispute about the Primacy. 48 Martha and Mary. Section 49 The Feast of the Dedication. 50 Lazarus raised to Life. 51 Are many saved? 52 The Ten Lepers. 53 Zaccheus. 54 J esus comes to Bethany. 55 Entry into Jerusalem. 56 Events in the Temple (first Day). 57 Second Day. 58 Third Day. 59 Discourses and Parables. 60 The Snare of the High Priests. 61 The Saducees silenced. 62 The Pharisees silenced. 63 Whose Son is Christ ? 64 Wo unto youJPharisees. 65 The Widow’s Mite. 66 Signs of the End of the World. 67 The Last Judgment. 68 The Council hold a Meeting. 69 J udas bargains to betray. 70 The Disciples prepare the Pasch. 71 Jesus celebrates the Pasch. 72 He predicts His Betrayal. 73 He institutes the Holy Eucharist. 74 The Washing of the Feet. 75 Second Prediction of His Betrayal. 76 Predicts the Flight of the Apostles. 77 The Two Swords. 78 Discourses. 79 Prayer for His Disciples. 80 Flight of the Apostles again foretold. 81 The Agony and the Betrayal. 82 Simon Peter draws his Sword. 83 Jesus is bound. 84 Peter’s First Denial. 85 Examination before Annas. 86 The False Witnesses. 87 Peter, still warming his Hands at the FIRE, MAKES A THIRD DENIAL. 88 Caxphas, and Despair of Judas. 89 He is brought before Pilate. 90 He is sent to Herod. 91 Not this Man, but Barabbas. 92 The Scourging and Crowning. 93 Ecce Homo. 94 Pilate sentences Him. 95 The Way to Calvary. Yin TABLE OF CONTENTS. Section 96 Crucifixion. 97 He is taken down and buried. 98 The Holy Women prepare Spices. 99 The Guard of Soldiers. 100 Mary Magdalene buys Spices. 101 The Resurrection. 102 The Holy Women go to the Sepulchre. 103 St. Peter also ®oes. Section 104 He appears to Mary Magdalene. 105 He appears to the other Women. 106 The Guard is bribed by the Jews. 107 The Journey to Emmaus. 108 The Disbelief of St. Thomas. 109 He appears at the Sea of Tiberias. 110 The Apostles sent into the World. 111 His Ascension. Table of Chronology, Page 182. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 LIST OF PLATES. LARGE PLATES. PAOE Adoration of the Magi (frontispiece) Joseph and Mary in Bethlehem . 10 The Preaching of John the Baptist . 26 The Temptation.34 Sermon on the Mount . . .50 The Woman who was a Sinner . . 63 Healing the Sick . . . .78 Christ declares Himself God . . 90 Lazarus raised.94 Wo against the Pharisees . . .114 Ecce Homo.150 HISTORICAL VIGNETTES. Vision of Zachary .... Annunciation. Visitation. Birth of John the Baptist . View of Bethlehem .... The Nativity. Angels appear to the Shepherds. The Adoration of the Shepherds The Presentation .... The Star conducts the Wise Men The Flight into Egypt Murder of the Holy Innocents . View of Nazareth .... Jesus in the Holy House at Nazareth Jesus is found among the Doctors Baptism of Christ .... Jesus in the Wilderness Marriage in Cana .... The Traders driven from the Temple Nicodemus. The Woman of Samaria The Sea of Tiberias .... The Draught of Fishes The Sick of the Palsy .... The Call of Matthew .... Plucking the Ears of Corn. The Centurion. Beheading John the Baptist The Daughter of Herodias. The Sheep Pool. The Demoniac of Gadara . The Multiplication of the Five Loaves Peter sinking in the Sea . . • . No. 34 The Syrophcenician Woman 35 The Transfiguration . . 36 Quis Major. 37 Jesus in the House of Mary 38 The Tomb of Lazarus 39 The Grateful Leper 40 Zaccheus. 41 Entry into Jerusalem (Hosanna) 42 The Fig Tree is cursed 43 The Widow’s Mite . * . 44 The Bargain of Judas. 45 The Holy Eucharist . . . 46 The Washing of the Feet . 47 Agony in the Garden . 48 Judas in the Garden . 49 He is brought to Annas 50 Peter warms himself at the fire . 51 Peter’s Third Denial . 52 Despair of Judas 53 Herod despises Jesus . 54 Barabbas. 55 Jesus is scourged 56 Jesus crowned with Thoms 57 Pilate’s Sentence 58 Jesus takes His Cross . 59 Jesus falls. 60 Jesus meets His Mother 61 Simon of Cyrene 62 St. Veronica . . . . 63 Second Fall of Jesus . 64 Jesus consoles the Women . 65 Third Fall of Jesus 66 Jesus is stripped 67 Jesus is nailed to the Cross 68 Jesus is pierced with a Spear 69 Jesus is taken down . 70 Jesus is buried . 71 Angels declare Him risen . 72 He appears to Mary Magdalene . 73 He appears to the other Women 74 The Journey to Emmaus . 75 The Unbelief of Thomas 76 Mission of the Apostles 77 Ascension into Heaven MAPS. I 1 Map of Palestine 2 3 6 7 11 12 13 14 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 31 35 38 39 42 43 46 47 54 55 58 59 66 67 70 71 75 79 PAGE . 82 . 83 . 86 . 87 . 95 . 98 . 99 . 103 . 106 . 115 . 119 . 122 . 123 . 130 . 131 . 134 . 135 . 138 . 139 . 142 . 143 . 146 . 147 . 151 . 153 . 154 . 155 . 156 . 157 . 158 . 159 . 160 . 161 . 162 . 165 . 166 . 167 . 169 . 172 . 173 . 176 . 177 . 180 . 181 . 30 THE LIFE, MIRACLES, AND PASSION OP fesirs Cjmsf. § 1. The Vision of Zacharias in the Temple. There was in the days of Herod, the King of Judea, a certain priest named Zachary, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name Elizabeth. And they were both just before God, walking in all the commandments of the Lord without blame. And they had no son, for that Eliza¬ beth was barren, and they were both well advanced in years. And it came to pass, in the order of his course before Grod, it was his lot to offer incense, going into the temple of the Lord. And all the multitude of the people was praying without, at the hour of incense. And there appeared to him an angel of the Lord, standing on the right side of the altar of incense. And Zachary seeing him was troubled, and fear fell upon him. Eut the angel said unto him: “ Fear not, Zachary, for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elizabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John. And thou shalt have joy and gladness, and many shall rejoice in his nativity. For he shall be great before the Lord; and shall drink no wine nor strong drink: and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb. And he 2 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESTJS CHRIST'. [part shall convert many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God. And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias; that he may turn the hearts of the fathers unto the children, and the incredulous to the wisdom of the just, to prepare unto the Lord a ZACHARIAS ASKS THE ANGEL FOR A SIGN OF "WHAT HE TTAft PROMISED. perfect people.” And Zachary said to the Angel: u Whereby shall I know this? for I am an old man; and my wife is advanced in years.” And the Angel said to him: “I am Gabriel, who stand before God; 3 ' IV.] THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE BLESSED MABY. and am sent to speak to thee, and to bring thee these good tidings. And behold, thou shalt be dumb, and shalt not be able to speak until the day wherein these things shall come to pass, because thou hast not be¬ lieved my words, which shall be fulfilled in their time.” THE ARCHASGEL GABRIEL APPEARS TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY. § 2. The return of Zachary to his oxen home , and the Annunciation by the Archangel Gabriel to the Blessed Virgin Mary in Nazareth. And the people waited, wondering that he tarried so long in the temple. And when he came out, he 4 LIFE AND PASSION OP JESUS CHRIST. [PART could not speak to them: and they understood that lie had seen a vision in the temple. And he made signs to them, and remained dumb. And it came to pass after the days of his office were accomplished, he departed to his own house. And after those days, Elizabeth his wife conceived, and hid herself five months, saying : “ Thus hath the Lord dealt with me.” In the sixth month of the same year, the Angel Gabriel was sent from God into a city of Galilee called Nazareth, to a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David, and the virgin's name was Mary. And the Angel being come in said unto her: “ Hail full of grace, the Lord is with thee, blessed art thou among women.” Mary hearing these words was troubled at his saying, and thought within herself what manner of salutation this should be. And the Angel said to her: “ Fear not, Mary, for thou hast found grace with God. Behold thou shaft conceive in thy womb, and shalt bring forth a son, and thou shalt call His name Jesus. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God shall give unto Him the throne of David his father; and He shall reign in the house of Jacob for ever, and of His kingdom there shall be no end.” And Mary said to the Angel: “ How shall this be done, because I know not man ? ” And the Angel answering, said to her : “ The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the most High shall overshadow thee; And therefore also the Holy which shall be born of thee, shall be called the Son of God. And behold thy cousin Elizabeth, THE VISIT TO ST. ELIZABETH. she also hath conceived a son in her old age ; and this is the sixth month with her that is called barren: Because no word shall be impossible with God . 55 And Mary said : “ Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it done to me according to thy word / 5 § 3. The Blessed Virgin Mary goes to visit her cousin St. Elizabeth. And Mary rising up in those days, went into the hill country with haste into a city of Juda. And she entered into the house of Zachary, and saluted Eliza¬ beth. And it came to pass, that when Elizabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the infant leaped in her womb. And Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost: and she cried out with a loud voice, and said l “ Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? For behold as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded in my ears, the infant in my womb leaped for joy. And blessed art thou that hast believed, because those things shall be accomplished which were spoken to thee by the Lord . 55 And Mary said, THE CANTICLE, MAGNIFICAT. My soul doth magnify the Lord, and my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour. Because He hath regarded the humility of His handmaid; for behold from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. Because He that is mighty, hath done great things to me ; and holy is His name. And his mercy is from generation unto generations, to them that fear Him. He hath shewed might in His arm: He hath scattered the proud in the conceit of their heart. He hath put down the mighty from their seat, and hath exalted the humble. He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich He hatli sent empty away. He hath received Israel His servant, being mindful of His mercy. As He spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and to his seed for ever. And Mary abode with her about three months ; and she returned to her own house.* * Luke, \. 6 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART ST. ELIZABETH RECEIVES THE VISIT OF THE BLESSED MARY.* § 4. The Birth of St. John the Baptist. Now Elizabeth’s full time of being delivered was come, and she brought forth a son. And her neigh¬ bours and kinsfolks heard that the Lord had shewed His great mercy towards her, and they congratulated with her. And it came to pass, that on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they called him by his father’s name Zachary. And his mother answering, said: “Not so; but he shall be called * Luke, i., 39. 7 TY.] THE INFANT IS CALLED JOHN. John.” And they said to her: “ There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name.” And they made signs to his father, how he would have him called. And demanding a writing-table, he wrote, saying: u John is his name.” And they all wondered. And immediately his mouth was opened, and his tongue loosed, and he spoke, blessing God. And fear came upon all their neighbours; and all these things were noised abroad over all the hill-country of Judea. And 8 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART all they that had heard them laid them up in their hearts, saying : “What an one, think ye, shall this child he ? ” For the hand of the Lord was with him. And Zachary his father was tilled with the Holy Ghost; and he prophesied, saying: THE CANTICLE Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; because He hath visited and wrought the redemption of His people: And hath raised up an horn of salvation to us, in the house of David His servant, As He spoke by the mouth of His holy prophets, who are from the beginning. Salvation from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us. To perform mercy to our fathers, and to remember His holy testament. The oath which He swore to Abraham our father, that He would grant to us, That being delivered from the hand of our enemies, we may serve him without fear, And the child grew, and and was in the deserts un tion to Israel BENEDICTUS. 9 In holiness and justice before him, all our days. And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare His ways. To give knowledge of salvation to His people, unto the remission of their sins. Through the bowels of the mercy of our God, in which the Orient from on high hath visited us. To enlighten them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death; to direct our feet into the way of peace. as strengthened in spirit; il the day of his manifesta- § 5. Jesus Christ , the expectation of the Gentiles , is born at Bethlehem. How the birth of Christ was in this wise: when His mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found to he with child, of the Holy Ghost. Whereupon Joseph her husband being a just man, and not willing publicly to expose her, w T as minded to put her away privately. But while he thought on these things, behold, the Angel of the Lord appeared to him in his sleep, saying: “ Joseph, son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife, for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost; and she shall bring forth a son and thou shalt call his name Jesus, for He shall save His people from their sins.”* * Matthew, i,, 18, 21. s* ,3? S' •is m I s K .§ S» rO 'e S3 £ o to B» o js -*3 fcq ■*» fi •H J-l o> *3 *§ •s i m & •fi *a P4 cs Bl B c *z .5 H " t o I 5 M 3 o rQ -*-» =2 a o o u o £ o r i ?-» F3 G> Ph Is B £ » .3 c3 ^ £ 8 ,§ &> S> P4 I B fti p« -| 3 5 "£ ^ SJ 5L? 02 ^ m * 5 ■§■ 'g ■§ O » <3 E § ,1 s -g o ^r~* P< O • r-4 Zfl Pi o ■3 •H »rs 3 o o *§ 'o 1 53 c «c 2 5 3 ^ U r>ss =- ^ 5 ^ a ^ < ^ «** hC S « * § a 5 IV.] ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST PREACHES IN THE DESERT. 27 Jordan; and were baptized by him in the Jordan, confessing their sins. And seeing many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them: “ Ye brood of vipers, who hath shewed yon to flee from the wrath to come ? Bring forth therefore fruit worthy of penance; and think not to say within yourselves, £ We have Abraham for our fatherfor I tell you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children to Abraham. For now the axe is laid to the root of the trees. Every tree therefore that doth not yield good fruit, shall be cut down, and cast into the fire.” And the people asked him saying: “ What then shall we do ? ” And he answering, said to them: “ He that hath two coats, let him give to him that hath none ; and he that hath meat, let him do in like manner.” And the publicans also came to be baptized, and said to him : “ Master, what shall we do ? ” But he said to them : “ Do nothing more than that which is appointed you.” And the soldiers also asked him saying : £t And what shall we do P ” And he said to them: “ Do violence to no man; neither calumniate any man; and be content with your pay.” And as the people was of opinion, and all were think¬ ing in their hearts of John, that perhaps he might be the Christ; John answered, saying unto all: ££ I indeed baptize you with water; but there shall come one mightier than I, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to loose : he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire : whose fan is in his hand, and he will purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his Matthew iii. Luke, iii. 2S LIFE AND PASSION OE JESUS CHRIST. [PART barn; but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire/’ And many other things exhorting did he preach to the people. § 13. Genealogy of Christ. And Jesus himself was beginning to be about thirty years of age, being (as it was supposed) THE GENEALOGY OF JESUS, ACCORDING TO ST. LUKE. Tlie son of Joseph, who was of Ileli,* who was of Mathat, Who was of Levi, who was of Melchi, who tvas of Janne, who was of Joseph, Who was of Mathathias, who was of Amos, who was of Nahum, who was of Hesli, who was of Nagge, Who was of Mahath, who was of Mathathias, who was of Semei, who was of Joseph, who was of Juda, Who was of Joanna, who was of Reza, who . 1 • .• . ' ' ■ . .. . *. • V ~ > - * - ■c ■ ■ . ' . JESUS IS BAPTIZED BY JOHN. 31 comest thou to me?” And Jesus answering, said to him: u Suffer it to be so now. For so it becometh us to fulfil all justice.” Then he suffered him. And Jesus being baptized, forthwith came out of the water: JESUS IS BAPTIZED BY JOHN IN THE JORDAN. and lo, the heavens were opened to him, and the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape as a dove upon him; and a voice came from heaven: “ Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.” Matthety, iii. Luke, iii. 32 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART § 15. Jesus retires into the desert. The testimony of John . And Jesus being full of the Holy Grhost, returned from the Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, to be tempted by the devil. Now this is the testimony of John, when the Jews sent from Jerusalem priests and Levites to him, to ask him : “ Who art thou ? ” And he confessed, and did not deny*, and he confessed: “ I am not the Christ/’ And they asked him: “What then? Art thou Elias?”* And he said: “ I am not.” “ Art thou the prophet ? ” And he answered: “ No.” They said therefore to him : “ Who art thou, that we may give an answer to them that sent us? What sayest thou of thyself?” He said : “ I am the voice of one crying in the wilder¬ ness, ‘ Make straight the way of the Lord/ as said the prophet Isaias.” And they that were sent were of the Pharisees ; and they asked him, and said to him : “ Why then dost thou baptize, if thou be not Christ, nor Elias, nor the prophet?” John answered them, saying: “I indeed baptize you with water, but there hath stood one among you whom you know not, the same is He who shall come after me, who is preferred before me, the latchet of whose shoe I am not worthy to unloose.” These things were done in Bethania, beyond the Jordan, where John was baptizing.f § 16. The Devil draws near to tempt Jesus. And He was in the desert forty days and forty * Elias, and Henoch, who was the great prophet before the flood, having been taken up from the earth without dying a natural death, it has been a constant tradition ever since that they will return to the earth and be put to death in the exercise of their office as mophets. Luke, iv.; John, i., 19—28. Drawn by Dominic Mosler. THE TEMPTATION. Engraved by Dalziel Brothers, London. IV.] JESUS IS TEMPTED BY THE DEVIL. 35 nights, and was tempted by Satan ; and He was with beasts. And He ate nothing in those days; and when they were ended, He was hungry. JSSCS, THE SECOND ADAH, WITH TUE WILD BEASTS OF l’UE WILDtUNKSS. And the devil said to Him: u If Thou be the Son of God, say to this stone that it be made bread.” And Jesus answered him: u It is written that ‘ Man livetli not by bread alone, but by every word of God.’ ” And the devil led him into a high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment Matthew, v. Mark, i. Luke, iv. 36 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART of time ; and he said to Him : “ To Thee will I give all this power, and the glory of them ; for to me they are delivered, and to whom I will I give them. If Thou therefore wilt adore before me, all shall be Thine.” And Jesus answering said to him: “ It is written: ‘ Thou shalt adore the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve/ ” And he brought Him to Jerusalem, and set Him on a pinnacle of the temple, and he said to Him: “ If Thou be the Son of God, cast thyself from hence. Tor it is written, that e He hath given His Angels charge over thee, that they keep thee/ And that ‘ in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest perhaps thou dash thy foot against a stone/ ” And Jesus answering, said to him : “ It is said, ‘ Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God/ ” And all the temptation being ended, the devil departed from Him for a time. And behold Angels came and ministered to Him* § 17 . Jesus returns to tlie Jordan; fresh testimony of John; Simon Peter is brought to Jesus. The next day John saw Jesus coming to him, and he saith: “Behold the lamb of God; behold him who taketh away the sin of the world. This is he of whom I said: ‘ After me there cometh a man, who is preferred before me, because he was before me/ And I knew him not, but that he may be made manifest in Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water.” The next day again John stood, and two of his disciples. And beholding Jesus walking, he saith: * Make, i., 13 ; Lubje, iv., 2—13 ; Matthew, iv. 37 IV.] THE FIRST PUBLIC MIRACLE OF JESUS. “ Behold the Lamb of God.” And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. And Jesus turning, and seeing them following him, saith to them: “ What seek you ? ”, Who said to him, “ Babbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou?” He saith to them: “Come and see.” They came, and saw where he abode, and they staid with him that day: now it was about the tenth hour. And Andrew* the brother of Simon Peter, was one of the two who had heard of John, and followed him. He findeth first his brother Simon, and saith to him: “We have found the Messias,” (which is, being interpreted, the Christ.) And he brought him to Jesus. And Jesus looking upon him, said: “ Thou art Simon the son of Jona : Thou shalt be called Cephas,” which is interpreted Peter. * § 18. Jesus returns to Galilee ; Marriage Feast at Cana. And there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee : and the mother of Jesus was there. And Jesus also was invited, and his disciples, to the marriage. And the wine failing, the mother of Jesus saith to him : “ They have no wine.” And Jesus saith to her: “Woman, what is this to me and to thee ? my hour is not yet come.” His mother saith to the waiters: “ Whatsoever he shall say to you, do ye.” Now there were set there six waterpots of stone, according to the manner of the puri¬ fying of the Jews, containing two or three measures apiece. Jesus saith to them: “ Pill the waterpots with water.” And they filled them up to the brim. And Jesus saith to them : “ Draw out now, and carry to * J OHN, i. 38 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART the chief steward of the feast.” And they carried it: and when the chief steward had tasted the water made wine, and knew not whence it was, but the waiters knew who had drawn the water: the chief steward JESUS WORKS HIS FIRST MIRACLE AT THE REQUEST OF HIS MOTHER. called the bridegroom, and saitli to him: u Every man at first setteth forth good wine, and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse. But thou hast kept the good wine until now.” This beginning of miracles did Jesus in Cana of Galilee; and manifested his glory, and his disciples believed in him. After this THE FIRST PASCH AT JERUSALEM 39 IV.] he went down to Capharnaum, he and his mother, and his brethren, and his disciples: and they remained there not many days.* THE TRADERS AND MONEY-CHANGERS ARE DRIVEN ODT OF THE TEMPLE. § 19. Jesus goes up to the Pascii , at Jerusalem. And the pasch of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. And he found in the temple them that sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting. And when he had made * John, ii., 1—12. 40 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART as it were a scourge of little cords, he drove them all out of the temple, the sheep also and the oxen, and the money of the changers he poured out, and the tables he overthrew. And to them that sold doves he said: “ Take these things hence, and make not the house of my Father a house of traffic.” And his disciples remem¬ bered, that it was written : “ The zeal of thy house hath eaten me up.” The Jews therefore answered and said to him: “ What sign dost thou shew unto us, seeing thou dost these things ? ” Jesus answered, and said to them : “ Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” The Jews then said: “ Six and forty years was this temple in building, and wilt thou raise it up in three days ? ” But he spoke of the temple of his body. When therefore he was risen again from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this, and they believed the scripture, and the word that Jesus had said. Now when he was at Jerusalem, at the pasch, upon the festival day, many believed in his name, seeing his signs which he did. But Jesus did not trust himself unto them, for that he knew all men.* § 20. Nicodemus comes to Jesus by night. And there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the J ews. This man came to Jesus by night, and said to him: “ Babbi, we know that thou art come a teacher from God; for no man can do these signs which thou dost, unless God be with him.” Jesus answered and said to him “ Amen, amen, I say to thee, unless a man be born again, he cannot see * John, ii., 13—24. 41 IV.] NICODEMUS COMES BY NIGHT TO JESUS. the kingdom of God.” Nicodemus saith to him : “ How can a man be born when he is old ? can he enter the second time into his mother’s womb, and be bom again ? ” Jesus answered: “ Amen, amen, I say to thee, unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh, is flesh ; and that which is born of the Spirit, is spirit. Wonder not, that I said to thee, you must be born again. The Spirit breatheth where he will; and thou hearest his voice, but thou knowest not whence he cometh, and whither he goeth : so is every one that is born of the Spirit.” Nicodemus answered, and said to him: “ How can these things be done ? ” Jesus answered, and said to him : “ Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things? Amen, amen, I say to thee, that we speak what we know, and we testify what we have seen, and you receive not our testimony. If I have spoken to you earthly things, and you believe not; how will you believe, if I shall speak to you heavenly things? And no man hath ascended into heaven, but he that descended from heaven, the Son of man who is in heaven. And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, so must the Son of man be lifted up : that who¬ soever believeth in him, may not perish, but may have life everlasting. Tor God so loved the world, as to give his only begotten Son; that whosoever believeth in him, may not perish, but may have life ever¬ lasting. Tor God sent not his Son into the world, to judge the world, but that the world may be saved by him. He that believeth in him is not D 42 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [part judged. But he that doth not. believe is already judged, because he believeth not in the name of the only begotten Son of God. And this is the judgment: because the light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than the light, for their works were NICODEMUS COMES BY NIGHT TO DISCOURSE WITH JESUS. evil: For every one that doth evil hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, that his works may not be reproved. But he that doth truth, cometh to the light, that his works may be made manifest, because they are done in God.” John, iii., 1—21. IV.] THE WOMAN OF SAMAEIA. 43 § 21. Jesus leaves the Jordan , where his disciples were baptizing ; and on his way to Galilee, discourses with a woman of Samaria. He cometh therefore to a city of Samaria, which is called Sichar, near the land which Jacob gave to his son Joseph. Now Jacob’s well was there. Jesus JESCS DISCOURSES WITH THE WOMAN OF SAMARIA. therefore being wearied with his journey sat thus on the well. It was about the sixth hour. There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water. Jesus saith to her: “Give me to drink.” For his disciples were 44 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART gone into the city to buy meats. Then that Samaritan woman saith to him: “ How dost thou, being a Jew, ask of me to drink, who am a Samaritan woman P ” For the Jews do not communicate with the Samaritans. Jesus answered, and said to her : “ If thou didst know the gift of God, and who he is that saith to thee, 4 Give me to drink’: thou perhaps wouldst have asked of him, and he would have given thee living water.” The woman saith to him : “ Sir, thou hast nothing wherein to draw, and the well is deep : from whence then hast thou living water ? Art thou greater than our father Jacob, who gave us the well, and drank thereof him¬ self, and his children, and his cattle ? ” Jesus answered, and said to her : “ Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again; hut he that shall drink of the water that I will give him, shall not thirst for ever : but the water that I will give, shall become in him a fountain of water springing up into life everlasting.” The woman saith to him: “ Sir, give me this water, that I may not thirst, nor come hither to draw.” Jesus saith to her : “ Go, call thy husband, and come hither.” The woman answered, and said: “ I have no husband.” Jesus said to her: “ Thou hast said well, ‘ I have no husband’: for thou hast had five husbands: and he whom thou now hast is not thy husband. This thou hast said truly.” The woman saith to him: “Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet. Our fathers adored on this mountain, and you say, that at Jerusalem is the place where men must adore.” Jesus saith to her: “ Woman, believe me, that the hour cometh, when you shall neither on this mountain, nor in Jerusalem, adore TV.] THE SYNAGOGUE IN NAZARETH. 45 the Father. You adore that which you know not, we adore that which we know for salvation is of the Jews.”* § 22. Jfter remaining two days with the inhabitants of By char> very many of idiom believed Him , Jesus returns into Galilee. And he came to Nazareth where he had been brought up, and entered, according to his custom, into the synagogue, on the Sabbath day; and he rose up to read. And the hook of Isaias the prophet was delivered unto him. And as he unfolded the hook, he found the place where it was written: “ The spirit of the Lord is upon me. Wherefore he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor, he hath sent me to heal the contrite of heart; to preach deliverance to the captives, and sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord, and the day of reward.” And when he had folded the book, he restored it to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him. And he began to say to them: “ This day is fulfilled this scripture in your ears.” And all gave testimony to him : And he said: “Amen, I say to you, that no prophet is accepted in his own country. In truth I say to you, there were many widows in the days of Elias, in Israel, when heaven was shut up three years and six months, when there was a great famine throughout all the earth. And to none of them was Elias sent, but to Sarepta of Sidon, to a widow woman. And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Eliseus the prophet; and none of them was cleansed, but Naaman the Syrian.” And ♦ John, iv. § 23. Jesus removes his abode to Capharnaum, on the borders of the Sea of Tiberias, from whence he continues to preach in the cities of Galilee ; He calls Peter, Andrew, James, and John to be disciples ; he heals many side , and casts out many devils, idiom he forbids to declare that He is the Christ. And it came to pass, that when the multitudes pressed upon him to hear the word of God, he stood by the lake of Genesareth, and saw two ships standing by the lake; but the fishermen were gone out of them, and were washing their nets. And going into one of * Luke, iv. 46 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESTJS CHRIST. [PART all they in the synagogue hearing these things, were filled with anger. And they rose up and thrust him out of the city: and they brought him to the brow of the hill, whereon their city was built, that they might cast him down headlong. But he passing through the midst of them, went his way.* VIEW OF THE VILLAGE AND LAKE OF TIBERIAS, FROM THE SITE OF THE ANCIENT CITY. 47 IV.] THE MIRACULOUS DRAUGHT OF FISHES. the ships that was Simon’s, he desired him to draw back a little from the land. And sitting he taught the multitudes out of the ship. Now when he had ceased to speak, he said to Simon: “ Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught.” And SIMON PETER AT HIS COMMAND MAKES A MIRACULOUS DRAUGHT OF FISHES. Simon answering said to him: “ Master, we have laboured all the night, and have taken nothing; but at thy word I will let down the net.” And when they had done this, they enclosed a very great multitude of fishes, and their net broke. And they beckoned to 48 LIFE AND PASSION OP JESUS CHRIST. [PART their partners that were in the other ship, that they should come and help them. And they came, and filled both the ships, so that they were almost sinking, which when Simon Peter saw, he fell down at Jesus’s knees, saying: “ Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, 0 Lord.” Por he was wholly astonished, and all that were with him, at the draught of the fishes which they had taken. And so were also James and John the sons of Zebedee, who were Simon’s partners. And Jesus saith to Simon: “Fear not; from henceforth thou shalt catch men.” And having brought their ships to land, leaving all things, they followed him.* § 24. The Sermon on the Mount. And His fame went throughout all Syria, and they presented to him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and such as were possessed by devils, and lunatics, and those that had the palsy, and he cured them: and much people followed him from Galilee, and from Decapolis, and from Jerusalem, and from Judea, and from beyond the Jordan. And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain, and when he was set down, his disciples came unto him. And opening his mouth he taught them, saying:— THIS SEE.SION ON THE MOUNT. Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the'kingdom of heaven. Blessed are the meek: for they shall possess the land. Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall bo comforted. Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after j ustice: for they shall have their fill. Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the clean of heart: for they shall see .God. Blessed are the peace-makers : for they shalt be called the children of God. Blessed are they that suffer persecution for justice’ sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. * Luke, v. — 2v v - ;--- - - THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT. 51 iv.] Blessed are ye when they shall revile you, and persecute you, and speak all that is evil against you, untruly, for riiy sake : Be glad and rejoice, for your reward is very great in heaven. For so they persecuted the prophets that were before you. You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt lose its savour, wherewith shall it be salted ? It is good for nothing any more but to be cast out, and to be troddtm on by men. You are the light of the world. A city seated on a mountain cannot be hid. Neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but upon a candlestick, that it may.shine to all that are in the house. So let your light sliine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven. Do not think that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets. I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For amen I say unto you, till heaven and earth pass, one jot, or one tittle shall not pass of the law, till all be fulfilled. He therefore that shall break one of these least commandments, and shall so teach men, shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven. But he that shall do and teach, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. For 1 tell you, that unless your justice abound more than that of the Scribes and Pharisees, you shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven. Yoii have heard that it was said to them of old : thou shalt not kill. And whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment. But I say to you, that whosoever is angry with Ids brother shall be in danger of the judg¬ ment. And whosoever shall say to his brother, Baca, shall be in danger of the council. And whosoever shall say, tliou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. If therefore thou offer thy gift at the altar, and there thou remember that thy brother hath anything against thee; Leave there thy offering before the altar, and go first to be reconciled to thy brother: and then coming thou slialt offer thy gift. Be at agreement with thy adversary betimes, whilst thou art in the way*with him : lest per¬ haps the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison. Amen I say to thee, thou shalt not go out from thence till thou repay the last farthing. You have heard that it was said to them of old: Thou shalt not commit adultery. But I say to you, that whosoever shall look on a woman to lust after her, hath already committed adultery with her in his heart. And if thy right eye scandalize thee,-pluck it out and cast it from thee. For it is expedient for thee that one of thy members should perish, lather than thy whole body be cast into llell. And if thy right hand scandalize thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is expedieht for thee that one of thy members should perish, rather than that thy whole body go into hell. And it hath been said: Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a bill of divorce. But I say to you, that whosoever shall put away his wife, excepting the cause of fornica¬ tion, maketh her to commit adultery : and he that shall marry her that is put away commit- teth adultery. Again, you have heard that it was said to them of old: Thou shalt not forswear thyself: but tliou shalt perform thy oaths to the Lord. But I say to you, not to swear at all, neither by heaven, for it is the throne of God : Nor by the earth, for it is his footstool: nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great Icing: Neither shalt tliou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black. But let your speech be yea, yea: no, no: and that which is over and above these, is of evil. You have heard that it hath been said : An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. But I say to you not to resist evil: but if one strike thee on thy right cheek, turn to him also the other: And if a man will contend with thee in judg¬ ment, and take away thy coat, let go thy cloak also unto him. And whosoever will force thee one mile, go with him other two. Give to him that asketh of thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not away. l r ou have heard that it hath been said: Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thy enemy. But I say to you, love your enemies: do good to them that hate you: and pray for them that persecute and calumniate you: That you may be the children of your Father who is in heaven, who maketh His sun to rise upon the good and bad, and raineth upon the just and the unjust. For if you love them that love you, what reward shall you have ? do not even the pub¬ licans this ? And if you salute your brethren only, what do you more ? do not also the heathens this ? Be you therefore perfect, as also your hea¬ venly Father is perfect. Take heed that you do not your justice before men, to be seen by them: otherwise you shall not have a reward of your Father who is in heaven. Therefore when thou dost an alms-deed, sound not a trumpet before thee, as the hypo¬ crites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may be honoured by men. Amen I say to you, they have received their reward. But when thou dost alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doth. That thy alms may be in secret, and thy Father who seeth in secret will repay thee. 52 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART And when ye pray, you shall not he as the hypocrites, that love to stand and pray in the synagogues and corners of the streets, that they may be seen by men : Amen I say to you, they have received their reward. But thou when thou shalt pray, enter into thy chamber, and having shut the door, pray to 1 by Father in secret: and thy Father who seetli in secret will repay thee. And when you are praying, speak not much, as the heathens. For they think that in their much speaking they may be heard. Be not you therefore like to them, for your father knoweth what is needful for you, before you ask him. Thus therefore shall you pray: Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our supersuhstantial bread. And forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation. But deliver us from evil. Amen. For if you will forgive men their offences, your heavenly Father will forgive you also your offences. But if you will not forgive men neither will your Father forgive you your offences. And when you fast, be not as the hypocrites, sad. For they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Amen I say to you, they have received their reward. But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thy head, and wash thy face; That thou appear not to men to fast, hut to thy Father who is in secret: and thy Father who seetli in secret, will repay thee. Lay not up to yourselves treasures on earth : where the rust and moth consume, and where thieves break through and steal. But lay up to yourselves treasures in heaven: where neither the rust nor moth doth con¬ sume, and where thieves do not break through, nor steal. For where thy treasure is, there is thy heart also. The light of thy body is thy eye. If thy eye be single, thy whole body shall be lightsome. But if thy eye be evil, thy whole body shall be darksome. If then the light that is in thee, be darkness -. the darkness itself how great shall it be! No man can serve two masters. For either he will hate the one, and love the other : or he will sustain the one, and despise the other. You cannot serve God and mammon. Therefore I say to you, be not solicitous for your life, what you shall eat, nor for your body what you shall put on. Is it not the life more than the meat: and the body more than the raiment ? Behold the birds of the air, for they neither sow, nor do they reap, nor gather into barns: and your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are not you of much more value than they ? And which of you by taking thought, can add to his stature one cubit? And for raiment why are you solicitous? Consider the lilies of the field how they grow: they labour not, neither do they spin: But I say to you, that not even Solomon in all his glory was arrayed as one of these. And if the grass of the field, which is to-day, and to-morrow is cast into the oven, God doth so clothe: how much more you, 0 ye of little faith ? Be not solicitous therefore, saying: What shall we eat, or what shall we drink, or where¬ with shall we be clothed ? For after all these things do the heathens seek. For your Father knoweth that you have need of all these things. Seek ye therefore first the kingdom of God, and his justice, and all these things shall be added unto you. Be not therefore solicitous for to-morrow ; for the morrow will be solicitous for itself. Suffi¬ cient for the day is the evil thereof. Judge not, that you may not be judged. For with what judgment you judge, you shall be judged: and with what measure you mete, it shall be measured to you again. And why seest thou the mote that is in thy brother’s eye; and seest not the beam that is in thy own eye ? Or how sayest thou to thy brother : Let me cast the mote out of thy eye; and behold a beam is in thy own eye ? Thou hypocrite, cast out first the beam out of thy own eye, and then shalt thou see to ca.st out the mote out of thy brother’s eye. Give not that which is holy to dogs; neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest perhaps they trample them under their feet, and turn¬ ing upon you, they tear you. Ask, and it shall be given you: seek, and you shall find: knock, and it shall be opened to you. For every one that asketh, receiveth: and he that, seeketh, findeth: and to him that knocketh, it shall be opened. Or what man is there among you, of whom if his son shall ask bread, will he reach him a stone ? Or if he shall ask him a fish, will he reach him a serpent ? If you then being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children : how much more will your Father who is in heaven, give good things to them that ask him ? All things therefore whatsoever you would that men should do to you, do you also to them. For this is the law and the prophets. Enter ye in at the narrow gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way that leadeth to THE SICK OF THE PALSY. 53 IV.] destruction, and many there are who go in thereat. How' narrow is the gate, and strait is the way that leadeth to life: and few there are that find it! Beware of false prophets, who come to you in the clothing of sheep, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. By their fruits you shall know them. Bo men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles ? Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit, and the evil tree bringeth forth evil fruit. A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can an evil tree bring forth good fruit. Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit, shall be cut down, and shall be cast into the lire. Wherefore by their fruits you shall know them. Not every one that saith to me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven: but he that doth the will of my Father who is in hea¬ ven, he shall enter into the kingdom of heaven. Many will say to me in that day: Lord, Lord, have not we prophesied in thy name, and cast out devils in thy name, and done many miracles in thy name ? And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, you that work iniquity. Every one therefore that lieareth these my words, and doth them, shall be likened to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and they beat upon that house, and it fell not, for it was founded on a rock. And every one that heareth these my words, and doth them not, shall be like a foolish man that built his house upon the sand. And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and they beat upon that house, and it fell, and great was the fall thereof. § 25. Jesus returns to Capharnaum. The faith of the Paralytic. The call of St. Matthew. And it was heard that he was in the house, and many came together, so that there was no room; no, not even at the door; and he spoke to them the word. And they came to him, bringing one sick of the palsy, who was carried by four. And when they could not offer him unto him for the multitude, they uncovered the roof where he was; and opening it, they let down the bed wherein the man sick of the palsy lay. And when Jesus had seen their faith, he saith to the sick of the palsy: “ Son, thy sins are forgiven thee.” And there were some of ther scribes sitting there, and think¬ ing in their hearts : “ Why doth this man speak thus? he blasphemeth. Who can forgfve sins but God only ? ” Which, Jesus presently knowing in his spirit, that they so thought within themselves, saith to them : “ Why think you these things in your hearts ? Which is easier to say to the sick of the palsy, Thy Matthew iv., 5, 6, 7 . 54 LIFE AND PASSION OP JESUS CHRIST. [PART sins are forgiven thee; or to say, arise, take up thy bed, and walk ? But that you may know that the son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins/’ he saith THE SICK 0? THE PALSY IS LET LOWN THKOUGH THE ROOF. to the sick of the palsy: “I say to thee, arise, take up thy bed, and go into thy house.” And immediately he arose, and taking up his bed, went his way in the IV.] ST. MATTHEW CALLED TO BE AN APOSTLE. 55- sight of all, so that all wondered, and glorified God,, saying, “ We never saw the like.” And he went forth again to the sea-side; and all the multitude came to him, and he taught them. And when he was LEVI IS CALLED TO BE A DISCIPLE, FROM THE RECEIPT OF CUSTOM. passing by, he saw Levi, the son of Mpheus, sitting at the receipt of custom; and he saith to him: “ Follow me.” And rising up, he followed him. And it came to pass, that as he sat at meat in his house, many publicans and sinners sat down together with Jesus- 56 LIFE AND PASSION OE JESUS CHRIST. [PART and liis disciples; for they were many who also followed him. And the scribes and the Pharisees, seeing that he ate with publicans and sinners, said to his disciples: “ Why doth your master eat and drink with publicans and sinners ? ” Jesus, hearing this, saith to them: “ They that are well have no need of a physician, but they that are sick. For I came not to call the just, but sinners.” § 26. Are the disciples of Christ hound to fast? And the disciples of John and the Pharisees used to fast; and they come and say to him : “ Why do the disciples of John fast often, and make prayers, and the disciples of the Pharisees in like manner; but thine eat and drink ? ” To whom he said: “ Can you make the children of the bridegroom fast, whilst the bride¬ groom is with them ? But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, then shall they fast in those days.” And he spoke also a similitude to them: That no man putteth a piece from a new garment upon an old garment; otherwise he both rendeth the new, and the piece taken from the new agreeth not with the old.* § 27. John the Baptist sends his disciples to question Jesus. Now Herod the Tetrarch being reproved by John on account of Herodias, the wife of his brother, and for the other evil things that he had done, added this above all others, that he should shut up John in prison. When John therefore had heard in the prison of all the things that Jesus did, he sent two of his disci¬ ples to Jesus, to ask him, “ Art thou he that should * Mask, ii. Luke, v. CAVILS OF THE PHARISEES. 57 iv.] come, or do we look for another?” And when the men were come unto him they said: “ John the Baptist hath sent us to thee, saying, J Art thou He that art to come, or look we for another ? ’ ” (And in that same hour, he cured many of their diseases, and hurts, and evil spirits; and to many that were blind he gave sight.) And answering, he said to them: “Go and relate to John what you have heard and seen: the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are made clean, the deaf hear, the dead rise again, to the poor the gospel is preached; and blessed is he whoso¬ ever shall not be scandalized in me.”* § 28. The disciples pluck the ears of corn on the Sabbath day. And it came to pass again, as the Lord walked through the corn fields on the sabbath, that his dis¬ ciples began to go forward, and to pluck the ears of corn. And the Pharisees said to him : “ Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful ? ” And he said to them: “ Have you never read what David did when he had need, and was hungry himself, and they that were with him ? How he went into the house of God, under Abiathar the high priest, and did eat the loaves of proposition, which was not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave to them who were with him ? ” And he said to them: “ The sabbath was made for man, and ‘not man for the sabbath. Or have ye not read in the law, that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple break the sabbath, and are without blame ? But I tell you that there is one here greater than the temple. And if you knew what this meaneth, ‘I will have mercy and * Matt., xi. Luxe, vii., 20—23. E 58 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART not sacrifice,’ you would never have condemned the innocent. For the son of man is lord even of the sabbath.”* THE DISCIPLES PLUCK THE EARS OF CORN ON THE SABBATH DAY. § 29. Jesus returns to Capharnaum. The servant of the Centurion. And the servant of a certain centurion, who was dear to him, being sick, was ready to die. When he had entered into Capharnaum, there came to him the centurion, beseeching him, and saying: “Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, and is griev¬ ously tormented.” And Jesus saith to him: “I will * Mark ii., 23—28. ' IV.] THE FAITH OF THE CENTURION. 59 come and heal him.” And the centurion making answer, said.: “Lord, I am not worthy that thou THE CENTURION ENTREATS JESUS TO HEAL HIS SERVANT. shouldst enter under my roof; but only say the word, and my servant shall be healed. For I also am a man subject to authority, having under me soldiers; and I say to this, ‘ Go,’ and he goeth; and to another, ‘Come,’ and he cometh; and to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he doeth it,” And Jesus hearing this, marvelled, and said to them that followed him: “ Amen I sav to you, I have not found so great faith 60 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART in Israel. And I say to you that many shall come from the east and the west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven; hut the children of the kingdom shall be east out into the exterior darkness ; there shall he weeping and gnashing of teeth.” And Jesus said to the centurion : “ Go, and as thou hast believed, so be it done to thee/' And the servant was healed at the same hour.* § 30. The relations of Jesus seek to have Him put in confinement as a madman. The Scribes and Pharisees say He has a devil. And they come to a house, and the multitude cometh together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread. And when his friends had heard of it, they went out to lay hold on him. For they said: “ He is become mad.” And the scribes who were come down from Jerusalem, said: “ He hath Beelzebub, and by the prince of devils he casteth out devils.” And after he had called them together, he said to them in parables : “ How can satan cast out satan ? And if a kingdom be divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house be divided against itself, that house cannot stand. And if satan be arisen up against himself, he is divided, and cannot stand, but hath an end. No man can enter into the house of a strong man and rob him of his goods, unless he first bind the strong man, and then shall he plunder his house. Amen I say to you, that all sins shall foe forgiven unto the sons of men, and the blasphemies wherewith they shall blaspheme : But he that shall blaspheme against the Holy Ghost, shall never have * Matt., viii, 5—13. Luke, vii. IV.j THE WIDOWS SON RAISED TO LIFE. 61 forgiveness, but shall be guilty of an everlasting sin.” Because they said : “ He hath an unclean spirit.”* § 31 , Jesus goes out again into the surrounding country to preach. The widow's son of Naim. After the messengers of John had returned , He speaks to the people of John. And it came to pass afterwards that He went into a city that is called Naim; and there went with him his disciples, and a great multitude. And when he came nigh to the gate of the city, behold a dead man was carried out, the only son of his mother; and she was a widow : and a great multitude of the city was with her. Whom when the Lord had seen, being moved with mercy towards her, he said to her: “ Weep not.” And he came near and touched the bier. And they that carried it stood still. And he said : “ Young man, I say to thee, arise.” And he that was dead, sat up, and began to speak. And he gave him to his mother. And there came a fear on them all; and they glorified God, saying: “ A great prophet is risen up among us: and God hath visited his people.” And this rumour of him went forth throughout all Judea, and throughout all the country round about.f And after the disciples of John had returned, Jesus began to say to the multitudes concerning John: “What went you out into the desert to see? a reed shaken with the wind ? But what went you out to see ? a man clothed in soft garments ? Amen I say to you, there hath not risen among them that are born of women a greater than John the Baptist: yet he that is the lesser in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.”J * Mark, iii. t Luke, vii. X Matt., xi. 62 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART § 32 . The Twelve Disciples are chosen . And it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a mountain to pray, and he passed the whole night in the prayer of Grod. And when day was come, he called unto him his disciples; and he chose twelve of them (whom also he named apostles): Simon, whom he surnamed Peter, and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew, Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon who is called Zelotes, and Jude, the brother of James, and Judas Iscariot, who was the traitor. And coming down with them, he stood in a plain place, and the company of his disciples, and a very great multitude of people from all Judea and Jerusalem, and the sea-coast both of Tyre and Sidon, who were come to hear him, and to be healed of their diseases. And they that were troubled with unclean spirits, were cured. And all the multitude sought to touch him, for virtue went out from him, and healed all.* § 33 . The dinner in the house of Simon the Pharisee. And one of the Pharisees desired him to eat with him. And he went into the house of the Pharisee, and sat down to meat. And behold a woman that was in the city, a sinner, when she knew that he sat at meat in the Pharisee’s house, brought an alabaster-box of ointment; and standing behind at his feet, she began to wash his feet with tears, and wiped them with the- hair of her head, and kissed his feet, and anointed them with the ointment. And when the Pharisee began to murmur, Jesus answering, said to him: * Mark, iii., 12 — 19 . Luke, vi. Irom the design of OverbecTc. THE WOMAN WHO WAS A SINNER ANOINTS THE FEET OF JESUS. Copied by permission. Jesus, the Legislator of the new covenant, suffers Himself to be approached by a woman who was a sinner, and graciously pardons her many sins. 65 IV. J. THE DINNER IN THE HOUSE OF SIMON. “ Simon, I have somewhat to say to tliee.” But he said : “ Master, say it.” “A certain creditor had two debtors, the one owed five hundred pence, and the other fifty. And whereas they had not wherewith to pay, he forgave them both. Which therefore of the two loveth him most P ” Simon answering said: “ I suppose that he to whom he forgave most.” And he said to him : “ Thou hast judged rightly.” And turning to the woman, he said unto Simon : “ Dost thou see this woman ? I entered into thy house, thou gavest me no water for my feet; hut she with tears hath washed my feet, and with her hairs hath wiped them. Thou gavest me no kiss; hut she, since she came in, hath not ceased to kiss my feet. My head with oil thou didst not anoint; hut she with ointment hath anointed my feet. Wherefore I say to thee : many sins are for¬ given her, because she hath loved much. But to whom less is forgiven, he loveth less.” And he said to her : “ Thy sins are forgiven thee.” And they that sat at meat with him began to say within themselves: “ Who is this that forgiveth sins also ? ” And he said to the woman: “ Thy faith hath made thee safe, go in peace.”* § 34 . The Daughter of Ilerodias asks for the head of John the Baptist. Now Herodias laid snares for John : and was desirous to put him to death, and could not. For Herod feared John, knowing him to be a just and holy man: and when he heard him, did many things, and he heard him willingly. And when a conve¬ nient day was come, Herod made a supper for his birth-day, for the princes, and tribunes, and chief * Luke vii. 66 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST [PART men of Galilee. And when the daughter of the same Herodias had come in, and had danced, and pleased Herod, and them that were at table with him, the king said to the damsel: “ Ask of me what thou wilt, and I will give it thee.” And he swore to her: JOHN THE BAPTIST IS BEHEADED IN PBISON. “ Whatsoever thou shalt ask I will give thee, though it be the half of my kingdom.” Who when she was gone out, said to her mother, “What- shall I ask?” But she said: “ The head of John the Baptist .’ 7 And when she was come in immediately with haste to / IV.] THE DAUGHTER OF HERODIAS. 67 the king, she asked, saying: “I will that forthwith thou give me in a dish, the head of John the Baptist.” And the king was struck sad. Yet because of his oath, and because of them that were with him at table, he would not displease her: but sending an executioner, THE DAUGHTER OF HERODIAS BEARS THE HEAD OF JOHN THE BAPTIST TO HER MOTHER. he commanded that his head should be brought in a dish. And he beheaded him in the prison, and brought his head in a dish and gave it to the damsel, and the damsel gave it to her mother. Which his disciples hearing, came and took his body and laid it in a tomb. # * Mark, vi. 68 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [fart § 35 . Jesus speaks to the people in parables. The parable of the Sower . The same day Jesus going out of the house, sat by the sea side. And great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he went up into a boat and sat: and all the multitude stood on the shore. And he spoke to them many things in parables, saying:— TIIE PAEABLE OF THE SOWEE. Behold the sower went forth to sow. And whilst he soweth some fell by the way side, and the birds of the air came and ate them up. And other some fell upon r stony ground, where they had not much earth; and they sprung up immediately, because they had no deepness of earth. And when the sun was up they were scorched: and because they had not root, they withered away. And others fell among thorns: and the thorns grew up and choked them. And others fell upon good ground: and they brought forth fruit, some an hundred fold, some sixty fold, and some thirty fold. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. And his disciples came and said to him : “ Why speakest thou to them in parables ?” Who answered and said to them : “ Because to you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven : but to them it is not given. For he that hath, to him shall be given, and he shall abound : but he that hath not, from him shall be taken away that also which he hath. Therefore do I speak to them in parables: because seeing they see not, and hearing they hear not, neither do they understand. And the prophecy of Isaias is fulfilled in them, who saith : By hearing you shall hear, and shall not understand: and seeing you shall see, and shall not perceive. For the heart of this people is grown gross, and with their ears they have been dull of hearing, and their eyes they have shut, lest at any time they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them. Hear you therefore the parable of the sower. JESUS SPEAKS m PARABLES. 6D IV.] EXPLANATION OP THE PARABLE OP THE SOWER. When any one heareth the word of the king¬ dom, and understandeth it not, there cometh the wicked one, and catcheth away that which was sown in his h eart: this is he that received the seed by the way side. And he that received the seed upon stony ground: this is he that heareth the word, and immediately receiveth it with joy. Yet hath he not root in himself, but is only for a time: and when there ariseth tribulation and persecution because of the word, he is presently scandalized. And he that received the seed among thorns: is he that heareth the word, and the care of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choketh up the word, and he becometh fruitless. But he that received the seed upon good ground: thi3 is he that heareth the word, and understandeth, and beareth fruit, and yieldeth the one au hundred fold, and another sixty, and another thirty. And with many such parables he spoke to them the word as they were able to hear. And without a parable he did not speak unto them, but apart He explained all things to His disciples." ' § 36 . Jesus goes to the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem. The Faralytic healed. And Jesus went up to Jerusalem to the feast. Now there is at Jerusalem a pond called Probatiea, which in Hebrew is named Bethsaida, having five porches. In these lay a great multitude of sick, of blind, of lame, of withered, waiting for the moving of the water. And an Angel of the Lord descended at certain times into the pond; and the water was moved. And he that went down first into the pond after the motion of the water, was made whole of whatsoever infirmity he lay under. And there was a certain man there, that had been eight and thirty years under his infirmity. Him when Jesus had seen lying, and knew that he had been now a long time, he saith to him: “ Wilt thou he made whole?” The infirm man answered him : cc Sir, I have no man, when the water is troubled, to put me into the pond. For whilst I am coming, another goeth down before me.” Jesus saith to him : * Matt., xiii., 1 — 23 . Mark, iv. Luke, viii. 70 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART “ Arise, take up thy bed, and walk.” And imme¬ diately the man was made whole : and he took np his bed and walked. And it was the sabbath that day. And when the Jews murmured, Jesus spake to them: JESUS HEALS THE P ARAL YTIC! AT THE SHEEP POOL. PUBLIC DISCOURSE OF JESUS ON THE OCCASION OF THIS MIRACLE. You sent to John, and he gave testimony to the truth. But I receive not testimony from man ; but I say these things that you may be saved. He was a burning and a shining light; and you were willing for a time to rejoice in his light. But I have a greater testimony than that of John; for the works which the Father hath given me to perfect; the works them¬ selves, which I do, give testimony of me, that the Father hath sent me. And the Father Himself who hath sent me, hath given testimony of me: neither have you heard His voice at any time, nor seen His shape. And you have not His word abiding in you; for whom He hath sent, him you believe not. Search the scriptures, for you think in them to have life everlasting; and the same are they that give testimony of me. TV.] THE DEMONIAC OF GADARA. 71 And you will not come to me that you may have life. I receive not glory from men. But I know you, that you have not the love of God in you. I am come in the name of my Father, and you receive me not; if another shall come in his own name, him you will receive. How can you believe, who receive glory one from another, and the glory which is from God alone, you do not seek ? Think not that I will accuse you to the Father. There is one that accuseth you, Moses, in whom you trust. For if you did believe Moses, you would perhaps believe me also; for he wrote of me. But if you do not believe his writings, how shall you believe my words ?* THE DEMONIAC OF GADARA IS HEALED. § 37 . Jesus returns to Galilee , and continues to preach. He crosses the sea to Gadara , and heals a demoniac. And they came over the strait of the sea into the country of the Gerasens. And as he went out of the ship, immediately there met him out of the monu¬ ments, a man with an unclean spirit, who had his * John, v. 72 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART dwelling in the tombs, and no man was able to bind him, not even w T ith chains. For having been often bound with fetters and chains, he had hurst the chains, and broken the fetters in pieces, and no one could tame him. And he was always day and night in the monuments and in the mountains, crying and cutting himself with stones. And seeing Jesus afar off, he ran and adored him. And crying with a loud voice, he said : “ What have I to do with thee, Jesus the son of the most high God ? I adjure thee by God that thou torment me not.” For he said unto him : “ Go out of the man, thou unclean spirit.” And he asked him : “ What is thy name ?” And he saith to him : “ My name is Legion, for we are many.” And he besought him much, that he would not drive him away out of the country. And there was there near the mountain a great herd of swine, feeding. And the spirits besought him saying : “Send us into the swine, that we may enter into them.” And Jesus immediately gave them leave. And the unclean spirits going out, entered into the swine: and the herd with great violence was carried headlong into the sea, being about two thousand, and were stifled in the sea. And they that fed them fled, and told it in the city and in the fields. And they went out to see what was done. And they began to pray him that he would depart from their coasts.* § 38 . The first mission of the Apostles to preach to the Jews. And having called his twelve disciples together, he gave them power over unclean spirits, to cast them * Matthew, viii. Maek, v. Luke, viii. IV.] MISSION OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES. 73 out, and to heal all manner of diseases, and all manner of infirmities, commanding them saying : * THE CHARGE TO THE TWELVE APOSTLES. Go ye not into tlie way of the gentiles, and into the city of the Samaritans enter ye not. But go ye rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. And going, preach, saying: The kingdom of heaven is at hand. Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse the lepers, cast out devils : freely have you received, freely give. Do not possess gold, nor silver, nor money in your purses: Nor scrip for your journey, nor two coats, nor shoes, nor a staff; for the workman is worthy of his meat. And into whatsoever city or town you shall enter, inquire who in it is worthy, and there abide till you go thence. And when you come into the house salute it, saying: Peace be to this house. And if that house he worthy, your peace shall come upon it; hut if it he not worthy, your peace shall return to you. And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words: going forth out of that house or city shake off the dust from your feet. Amen I say to you, it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Behold I send you as sheep in the midst of wolves. Be ye therefore wise as serpents and simple as doves. But beware of men. Por they will deliver you up in councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues. And you shall be brought before governors, and before kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and to the gentiles: But when they shall deliver you up, take no thought how or what to speak: for it shall be given you in that hour what to speak. For it is not you that speak, but the Spirit of your Father that speaketh in you. The brother also shall deliver up the brother to death, and the father the son: and the children shall rise up against their parents, and shall put them to death. And you shall be hated by all men for my name’s sake: but he that shall persevere unto the end, he shall be saved. And when they shall persecute you in this city, flee into another. Amen I say to you, you shall not finish all the cities of Israel’ till the son of man come. The disciple is not above the master, nor the servant above his lord. * Matt., x. : It is enough for the disciple that he be as his master, and the servant as his lord. If they have called the good-man of the house Beelze¬ bub, how much more them of his household ? Therefore fear them not. For nothing is covered that shall not be revealed: nor hid, that shall not be known. That which I tell you in the dark, speak ye in the light: and that which you hear in the ear, preach ye upon the house-tops. And fear ye not them that kill the body, and are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him that can destroy both soul and body into hell. Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and not one of them shall fall on the ground without your Father. But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not therefore: better are you than many sparrows. Every one therefore that shall confess me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven. But he that shall deny me before men, I will also deny him before my father w r ho is in heaven. Do not think that I came to send peace upon earth: I came not to send peace, but the sword. For I came to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter-in-law 'against her mother-in-law. And a man’s enemies shall be they of his own household. He that loveth father or mother more than me, is not worthy of me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than me, is not worthy of me. And he that talceth not up his cross, and followeth me, is not worthy of me. He that findeth his life, shall lose it: and he that shall lose his life for me, shall find it. He that receiveth you, receiveth me: and he that receiveth me, receiveth him that sent me. He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet, shall receive the reward of a prophet • and he that receiveth a just man in the name of a just man, shall receive the reward of a just man. And whosoever shall give to drink to one of these ‘.little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, amen I say to you, he shall not lose his reward. 1 — 42 . F 74 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART § 39 . After the Apostles are gone on their mission, Jesus continues to teach and preach as before. Herod begins to be alarmed, and thinks John the Baptist is risen from the dead. The Apostles return, and Jesus retires with them to a mountain; the people follow Him ; miracle of the jive loaves and two small fishes A And it came to pass when he had finished giving, his charge to his twelve disciples, that he departed from thence, that he might go and teach and preach in their cities. And the disciples coming together unto Jesus, related to him all things that they had done and taught. And he said to them: “ Come apart into a desert place, and rest a little.” For there were many coming and going: and they had not so much as time to eat. And going up into a ship, they went into a desert place apart. And they saw them going away, and many knew: and they ran flocking thither on foot from all the cities, and were there before them. And Jesus going out saw a great mul¬ titude ; and he had compassion on them, because they were as sheep not having a shepherd, and he began to teach them many things. And when the day was now far spent, his disciples came to him, saying : “ This is a desert place, and the hour is now past: Send them away, that going into the next villages and towns, they may buy themselves meat to eat.” And they said to him: “ Let us go and buy bread for two hundred pence, and we will give them to eat.” When Jesus therefore had lifted up his eyes, and seen, that a very great multitude cometh to him, one of his disciples, Andrew, saith to him: “There is a boy here that hath five barley loaves, and two fishes ; but what are these among so many V And he com- * Maek, vi. John, vi. IV.] THE MIRACLE OF THE FIVE LOAVES. 75 manded them that they should make them all sit down by companies upon the green grass. And they sat down in ranks, by hundreds and by fifties. And when he had taken the five loaves, and the two fishes: looking up to heaven, he blessed, and broke the loaves, JESUS MULTIPLIES THE FIVE LOAVES AND TWO SMALL FISHES. and gave to his disciples to set before them : and the two fishes he divided among them all. And they all did eat, and had their fill. And they took up the leavings, twelve full baskets of fragments, and of the fishes. And they that did eat were five thousand 76 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART men. Now, these men, when they had seen what a miracle Jesus had done, said: “ This is of a truth the prophet, that is to come into the world.” § 40 . Jesus refuses to be made king by the people, and retires to a mountain alone to pray. He saves St. Peter from sinking. Jesus therefore, when he knew that they would come to take him by force, and make him king, fled again into the mountain himself alone. And im¬ mediately he obliged his disciples to go up into the ship, that they might go before him over the water to Bethsaida, whilst he dismissed the people. And when he had dismissed them, he went up to the mountain to pray. And when it was late, the ship was in the midst of the sea, and himself alone on the land. And seeing them labouring in rowing (for the wind was against them) about the fourth watch of the night, he cometh to them walking upon the sea, and he would have passed by them. But they seeing him walking upon the sea, thought it was an apparition, and they cried out. For they all saw him, and were troubled. And immediately he spoke with them, and said to them : “ Have a good heart, it is I, fear ye not.” And Peter making answer said: “ Lord, if it be thou, bid me come to thee upon the waters. And he said : <£ Come.” And Peter going down out of the boat, walked upon the water to come to Jesus. But seeing the wind strong, he was afraid : and when he began to sink, he cried out, saying : “ Lord save me.” And immediately Jesus stretching forth his hand took hold of him, and said to him : “ 0 thou of little faith, why didst thou doubt ? ” a o a a*. K» .§ <*> s- & m r>P S3 no •a* „§• <3 M o •H to *T 5 S c 3 WJ o •H -r-l a c id 1 •H m .£f ^ o M 43 &J 60 £ a W Eh q m < M o M m gr p Eh 03 h1 ◄ W 03 g c 8 © .a >> .a s' O o £ a* a* o b a Si a S p <3 © Eo 9 TO £ o •to TO 1 o o IV.] JESUS STRETCHES OUT HIS HAND TO ST. PETER. 79 And when they were come up into the boat, the wind ceased. And they that were in the boat came and adored him, saying: “ Indeed thou art the Son of ST. PETER BEGINNING TO SINK, CRIES OUT FOR HELP. God.” And when they had passed over, they came into the land of Genezareth, and set to the shore. And when they were gone out of the ship, immedi¬ ately they knew him: and running through that whole country they began to bring the sick unto him in beds, and all that were afflicted, wherever they heard Him to be.* * Matthew, xi. Mare, vi. 80 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART § 42. Jesus, on the occasion of the great fame of the miracle of the five loaves, discourses to the multitude of the Holy Eucharist. * And when they had found him on the other side of the sea, they said to him: “ Babbi, when earnest thou hither P ” Jesus answered them, and said: “Amen, amen, I say to you, you seek me, not because you have seen the miracles, but because you did eat of the loaves, and were filled. DISCOURSE OF JESUS, ON THE HOLY EUCHARIST. Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that which endureth unto life everlasting, which the Son of man will give you. For him hath God, the Father, sealed. I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall not hunger; and he that believetk in me shall never thirst. But I said unto you, that you also have seen me, and you believe not. All that the Father giveth to me shall come to me; and him that cometh to me I will not cast out. Because I came down from heaven, not to do my own will, but the will of him that sent me. Now this is the will of the Father who sent me : that of all that he hath given me, I should lose nothing : but should raise it up again in the last day. And this is the will of my Father that seut me: that every one who seeth the Son, and believeth in him, may have life everlasting, and I will raise him up in the last day. The Jews therefore murmured at him, because he had said : “ I am the living bread, which came down from heaven.” Jesus answered, and said to them : Murmur not among yourselves. No man can come to me, except the Father, who hath sent me, draw him ; and I will raise him up in the last day. It is written in the prophets: And they shall all be taught of God. Every one that hath heard of the Father, and hath learned, cometh to me. Not that any man hath seen the Father; but he who is of God, he hath seen the Father. Amen, amen, I say unto you: lie that believeth in me hath everlasting life. I am the bread of life. Your fathers did eat manna in the desert, and are dead. This is the bread which oometh down from heaven: that if any man eat of it, he may not die. I am the living bread which came dow r n from heaven. If any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever; and the bread that I will give, is my flesh, for the life of the world. To receive the body and blood of Christ, is a divine precept, insinuated in this discourse, which the faithful fulfil though they receive but in one kind; because in one kind they receive both body and blood, which cannot be separated from each other. Hence, life eternal is here promised to the worthy receiving, though but in one kind (vor. 52). “ If any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever; and the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world ” (ver. 58). “ He that eateth me, the same also shall live by me ” (ver. 59). “ He that eateth this bread shall live for ever .”—Note to the Louai New Testament. * John, vi. 81 IV.] CAVILS AGAINST THE HOLY EUCHARIST. The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying : “ How can this man give us his flesh to eat P ” Then Jesus said to them : ' Amen, amen, I say unto you •. Except ye eat the flesh of the son of man, and drink his blood, you shall not have life in you. He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath everlasting life: and I will raise liim up in the last day. Eor my flesh is meat indeed: and my blood is drink indeed. He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, abideth in me, and I in him. As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father; so he that eateth me, the same also shall live by me. This is the bread that came down from heaven. Not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead. He that eateth this bread, shall live for ever. After this many of his disciples went hack; and walked no more with him. Then Jesus said to the twelve : “ Will you also go away ? ” And Simon Peter answered him: “ Lord, to whom shall we go ? thou hast the words of eternal life.”* § 42. Jesus grants the prayer of the Syrojphoenician %oomanr\ And rising from thence, he went into the coasts of Tyre and Sidon: and entering into a house, he would that no man should know it, and he could not be hid. Por a woman whose daughter had an unclean spirit, as soon as she heard of him, came in and fell down at his feet. And the woman was a Gentile, a Syrophcenician horn. And she besought him that he would cast forth the devil out of her daughter. Jesus said to her : “ Suffer first the children to be filled: for it is not good to take the bread of the children, and cast it to the dogs.” But she answered and said to him : “ Yea, Lord; for the whelps also eat under the table of the crumbs of the children.” And he said to her: “ For this saying go thy way, the devil is gone out of thy daughter.” And when she was * John, vi. t Mark, vii. 82 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART come into her house, she found the girl lying upon the bed, and that the devil was gone out. THE SYROPHCENICIAN WOMAN ENTREATS JESDS IN BEHALF OF HER DAUGHTER. § 43. The Confession of St. Peter. He is appointed Primate. And Jesus came into the quarters of Cesarea Phi¬ lippi : and he asked his disciples, saying: u Whom do men say that the Son of Man is ?” But they said : u Some John the Baptist, and other some Elias, and others Jeremias, or one of the prophets.” Jesus saith to them: u But whom do you say that I am ?” Simon Peter answered and said: u Thou art Christ, the Son of the living God.” And Jesus answering, said to him: ST. PETEK’S PKIMACY, 83 IV.] ST. PETER IS APPOINTED PRIMATE OYER THE OTHER APOSTLES. Blessed art tkou, Simon Bar-Jona: be¬ cause flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee, but my Father who is in heaven. And I say to thee: That thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven. And whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth, it shall be bound also in heaven; and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth, it shall be loosed in heaven. THE TRANSFIGURATION. § 44. Jesus is transfigured before Peter , James , and John. And after six days Jesus taketh unto him Peter and James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart, and was transfigured before them. And his face did shine as the sun, and his garments became white as the snow, so as no fuller 84 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. PART on earth can make white. And behold two men were talking with him. And they were Moses and Elias, appearing in majesty. And they spoke of his decease that he should accomplish in Jerusalem. But Peter and they that were with him were heavy with sleep. And waking, they saw his glory, and the two men that stood with him. And it came to pass, that as they were departing from him, Peter saith to Jesus: “ Master, it is good for us to be here ; and let us make three tabernacles, one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias; ” not knowing what he said. And as he spoke these things, there came a cloud, and over¬ shadowed them; and they were afraid, when they entered into the cloud. And a voice came out of the cloud, saying : “ This is my beloved Son; hear him.” And whilst the voice was uttered, Jesus was found alone. And they held their peace, and told no man in those days any of these things which they had seen."' § 45. Jesus for the second time informs his Disciples , that he is about to be crucified in Jerusalem , and they disbelieve him. Peter in particular rebukes him. But while all wondered at all the things he did, he said to his disciples: “ Lay you up in your heart these words, for it shall come to pass, that the son of man shall be delivered into the hands of men.” But they understood not this word; and it was hid from them, so that they perceived it not. And they were afraid to ask him concerning this word. When Jesus, a little before his transfiguration, had made it known to his disciples that he was going up to Jerusalem, and that there he should suffer many * Matthew, xvii.; Mark, ix,; Luke, ix. IV. J MIRACULOUS PAYMENT OF TRIBUTE. 85 tilings from the Scribes and Chief Priests, and be put to death, and on the third day rise again, St. Matthew relates that Peter taking him, began to rebuke him, saying: “ Lord, be it far from thee, this shall not be unto thee.” And Jesus turning said to Peter : “ Gro behind me, Satan, thou art a scandal unto me : because thou savourest not the things that are of Grod, but the things that are of men.” Then Jesus said to his disciples : “ If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. Por he that will save his life, shall lose it; and he that shall lose his life for my sake, shall find it. For what doth it profit a man, if he gain the whole world and suffer the loss of his own soul P Or what ex¬ change shall a man give for his soul ? ” § 46. The payment of the Tribute. And when they were come to Capharnaum, they that received the didrachmas, came to Peter and said to him: “ Doth not your master pay the didrachmas ?” He said: “ Yes.” And when he was come into the house, Jesus prevented him, saying: “ What is thy opinion, Simon ? The kings of the earth, of whom do they receive tribute or custom ? of their own children, or of strangers?” And he said: “Of strangers.” Jesus said to him: “ Then the children are free. But that we may not scandalize them, go to the sea, and cast in a hook, and that fish which shall first come up, take; and when thou hast opened its mouth, thou shalt find a stater: take that, and give it to them for me and thee.”* * Matthew, xvii., 23—26. 86 LIFE AND PASSION OP JESUS CHRIST. [PART § 47. The Disciples contend for the Primacy. And when they were in the house, he asked them: u What did you treat of in the way?” But they held their peace, for in the way they had disputed among themselves, which of them should be the greatest. SUCH ONLY AS ARE LIKE LITTLE CHILDREN ENTER INTO THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN. And sitting down he called the twelve, and saith to them : “If any man desire to be first, he shall be the last of all, and the minister of all.” And taking a child, he set him in the midst of them. Whom when he had embraced, he saith to them: “ Whosoever shall IT.] THE CHOICE OF THE BETTER PART 87 receive one such child as this in my name, receiveth me. And whosoever shall receive me, receiveth not me, but him that sent me. ,,# JESUS IN THE HOUSE OF MARTHA AND MARY. § 48. Jesus having sent the seventy Disciples on their mission, and having ■ in the mean time been up to Jerusalem for the Feast of the Taber¬ nacles, where He restored sight to the man bom blind, and where the Jews sought to stone Him to death, and the people were in doubt who He was, quits Jerusalem and rests in the house of Martha and Mary. Now it came to pass as they went, that he entered into a certain town; and a certain woman named * Mark, ix- 88 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART Martha, received him into her house. And she had a sister called Mary, who sitting also at the Lord’s feet heard his word. But Martha was busy about much serving. Who stood and said : “ Lord, hast thou no care that my sister hath left me alone to serve ? speak to her therefore, that she help me.” And the Lord answering said to her: “ Martha, Martha, thou art careful, and art troubled about many things. But one thing is necessary. Mary hath chosen the best part, which shall not be taken away from her.” * § 49. Jesus having gone xound the cities and villages in the neighbour¬ hood of Jerusalem , teaching and speaking many things in parables , and taking occasion to rebuke the Scribes and Pharisees publicly for their hypocrisy , and to warn the people not to lose the offer of their salvation , returns to Jerusalem for the Feast of the Dedication. And it was the feast of the dedication at Jeru¬ salem ; and it was winter. And Jesus walked in the 6emple, in Solomon’s porch. The Jews therefore came round about him, and said to him : “ How long dost thou hold our souls in suspense P If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly.” Jesus answered them: “ I speak to you, and you believe not; the works that I do in the name of my Father, they give testimony of me; but you do not believe, because you are not of my sheep. My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. And I give them life everlasting; and they shall not perish for ever, and no man shall pluck them out of my hand. That which my Father hath given me, is greater than all: and no one can snatch them out of the hand of my Father. I and the Father are one.” The Jews then took up stones to stone him. * Luke, x, 38—42. iliiiiniiiiiiiiiiniuiiiiiiiinniiiuiiiinii}inmuiiiiiiiiimm!iiiinniiiiiiiniiiUH)iiniitiniiiiH!iijmiNinmMiifi Drawn by Carl Clasen, Dusseldorr. JESUS CONFESSES HIS ETERNAL GODHEAD. Engraved by Schwertfuhrer, Bei lin. Jesus declares Himself t-o be God, and tlae scribes and doctors of the law take up stones to stone Him, thinking He had blasphemed. IV.j JESUS DECLARES HIMSELF TO BE GOD. 91 Jesus answered them: “ Many good works I have showed you from my Father, for which of those works do you stone me P ” The Jews answered him: 44 For a good work we stone thee not, but for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God.” Jesus answered them: 44 Is it not written in your law : 4 1 said you are gods ? ’ If he called them gods, to whom the word of God was spoken, and the scripture cannot be broken: do you say of him whom the Father hath sanctified and sent into the world; * Thou blas- phemest/ because I said, I am the Son of God ? If 1 do not the works of my Father, believe me not. But if I do, though you will not believe me, believe the works: that you may know and believe that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.” They sought therefore to take him, and he escaped out of their hands. And he went again beyond the Jordan, into that place where John was baptizing first, and there he abode. And many resorted to him, and they said: 44 John indeed did no sign; but all things whatsoever John said of this man, were true.” And many believed in him.* § 50. Lazarus is raised to life; the Chief Priests and rulers hold a council to plan how to put Jesus to death. Now there was a certain man sick, named Lazarus, of Bethania, of the town of Mary and Martha her sister. (And Mary was she that anointed the Lord with ointment, and wiped his feet with her hair: whose brother Lazarus was sick.) His sisters therefore sent to him, saying: 44 Lord, behold, he whom thou lovest is sick.” And Jesus hearing it, said to them : “ This * John, x., 22—39. 92 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PAR'P sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God may he glorified by it.” After two days Jesus said to them plainly : “ Lazarus is dead, and I am glad, for your sakes, that I was not there, that you may believe; but let us go to him.” Thomas there¬ fore, who is called Didymus, said to his fellow disciples: “ Let us also go, that we may die with him.” Jesus therefore came, and found that he had been four days already in the grave. (Now Bethania was near Jeru¬ salem, about fifteen furlongs off.) And many of the Jews were come to Martha and Mary, to comfort them concerning their brother. Martha therefore, as soon as she heard that Jesus was come, went to meet him ; but Mary sat at home. Martha therefore said to Jesus: “Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died. But now also I know that whatsoever thou wilt ask of God, God will give it thee.” Jesus saith to her: “ Thy brother shall rise again.” Martha saith to him: “I know that he shall rise again, in the resurrection at the last day.” Jesus saith to her : “ I am the resurrection and the life: he that believeth in me, although he be dead, shall live; and every one that liveth, and believeth in me, shall not die for ever. Believest thou this ? ” She saith to him: “ Yea, Lord, I have believed that thou art Christ the Son of the living God, who art come into this world.” And when she had said these things, she went and called her sister Mary secretly, saying: “ The Master is come, and calleth for thee.” She, as soon as she heard this, riseth quickly and cometh to him. Bor Jesus was not yet come into the town; but he was still in that place o tf § LAZARUS RAISED FROM THE DEAD. 95 IV.] where Martha had met him. The Jews therefore, who were with her in the house, and comforted her, when they saw Mary that she rose up speedily and went out, followed her, saying: “ She goeth to the grave to weep there.” When Mary therefore was come where Jesus was, seeing him, she fell down at his feet, and saith to him: “ Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died.” Jesus, therefore, when he saw her weep- in g, and the Jews that were come with her weep¬ ing, groan¬ ed in the spirit, and troubled himself, and . said: “Where have you laid him?” They say to him: “Lord, come and see.” And Jesus wept. The Jews therefore said: “ Behold how he loved him.” But some of them said : “ Could not he that opened the eyes of the man born blind, have caused that this man should not die ?” Jesus therefore again groaning in himself, cometh to the sepulchre. Now it was a cave, and a stone was laid over it. Jesus saith : “ Take PRESENT CONDITION OF THE TOMB WHERE LAZARUS WAS BURIED. 96 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART away the stone.” Martha, the sister of him that was dead, saith to him: “ Lord, by this time he stinketh, for he is now of four days.” Jesus saith to her: “ Did not I say to thee, that if thou believe, thou shalt see the glory of God ? ” They took therefore the stone away. And Jesus lifting up his eyes said : “ Father, I give Thee thanks that Thou hast heard me, and I knew that Thou hearest me always; but because of the people who stand about have I said it, that they may believe that Thou hast sent me.” When he had said these things, he cried with a loud voice: “ Lazarus, come forth.” And presently he that had been dead came forth, bound feet and hands with winding bands; and his face was bound about with a napkin. Jesus said to them: “ Loose him, and let him go.” Many therefore of the Jews, who were come to Mary and Martha, and had seen the things that Jesus did, believed in him. But some of them went to the Pharisees, and told them the things that Jesus had done. The chief priests therefore, and the Pharisees, gathered a council, and said : “ What do we, for this man doth many miracles ? If we let him alone so, all will believe in him; and the Pomans will come and take away our place and nation.” But one of them, named Caiphas, being the high-priest that year, said to them: “ You know nothing. Neither do you consider that it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not.” And this he spoke not of himself: but being the high-priest of that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for the nation. And not only for IV.J THE UNGRATEFUL LEPERS. 97 the nation, but to gather together in one the children of God, that were dispersed. From that day therefore they devised to put him to death. Wherefore Jesus walked no more openly among the Jews; hut he went into a country near the desert, unto a city that is called Ephrem, and there he abode with his disciples,* § 51. The number of those who are to be saved. And a certain man said to him: 44 Lord, are they few that are saved ? ” But he said to them : 44 Strive to enter by the narrow gate ; for many, I say to you, shall seek to enter, and shall not be able. But when the master of the house shall be gone in, and shall shut the door, you shall begin to stand without, and knock at the door, saying: e Lord, open to us/ And he answering, shall say to you: 4 1 know you not, whence you are/ Then you shall begin to say : 4 We have eaten and drunk in thy presence, and thou hast taught in our streets/ And he shall say to you: 4 1 know you not, whence you are: depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity/ There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when you shall see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and you yourselves thrust out. And there shall come from the east and the west, and the north and the south; and shall sit down in the kingdom of God. And behold, they are last that shall be first; and they are first that shall be last.” f § 52. The Ten Lepers. The last journey to Jerusalem. And it came to pass, as he was going to Jerusalem, he passed through the midst of Samaria and Galilee. * John, xi. t Luke, xiii. 98 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART And as he entered into a certain town, there met him ten men that were lepers, who stood afar off; and lifted np their voice saying: “ Jesus, master, have mercy on ns.” Whom when he saw, he said: u Go, shew your¬ selves to the priests.” And it came to pass, as they THE SAMARITAN ALONE RETURNS TO GIVE THANES. went, they were made clean. And one of them, when he saw that he was made clean, went back, with a loud voice glorifying God. And he fell on his face before his feet, giving thanks: and this was a Sa¬ maritan. And Jesus answering, said, “ Were not ten . " -•*' - !'■ - V • . • IY.] THE SAMARITAN LEPER RETURNS THANKS. 99 made clean ? and where are the nine ? There is no one found to return and give glory to God, hut this stranger.” And he said to him: u Arise, go thy way; for thy faith hath made thee whole.”* ZACCHEOS CLIMBS CP LSTO THE FIG-TREE. § 53. Jesus enters into Jericho. Zaccheus. And entering in, He walked through Jericho. And behold, there was a man named Zaccheus, who w r as the chief of the publicans, and he was rich. And he sought to see Jesus who he was, and he could not * Luke, xvii. 100 LIFE AND PASSION OP JESUS CHRIST. [ PART for tlie crowd, because be was low of stature. And running before, be climbed up into a sycamore tree, that be might see him; for be was to pass that way. And when Jesus was come to the place, looking up, be saw him, and said to him: “ Zaccheus, make baste and come down ; for this day I must abide in thy bouse. And be made haste and came down ; and received him with joy. And when all saw it, they murmured, saying, that be was gone to be a guest with a man that was a sinner. But Zaccheus standing, said to the Lord : “ Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor ; and if I have wronged any man of any thing, I restore him four-fold.” Jesus said to him : “ This day is salvation come to this house, because he also is a son of Abraham.” For the son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost.* § 54. Jesus comes to the house of Lazarus in Bethany. Jesus therefore, six days before the pasch, came to Bethania, where Lazarus had been dead, whom Jesus raised to life. And they made him a supper there .* and Martha served: but Lazarus was one of them that were at table with him. Mary therefore took a pound of ointment of right spikenard, of great price, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair; and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment. Then one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, he that was about to betray him, said : “ Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor?” Now he said this, * Luke, xix. I IV.J THE ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM. 101 not because lie cared for the poor; but because lie was a thief, and having the purse, carried the things that were put therein. And Jesus knowing it, said to them: “ Why do you trouble this woman ? for she hath wrought a good work upon me. For the poor you have always with you: but me you have not always. For she in pouring this ointment upon my body, hath done it for my burial. Amen I say to you, wheresoever this gospel shall be preached in the whole world, that also which she hath done, shall be told for a memory of her.” A great multitude there¬ fore of the Jews knew that he was there; and they came, not for Jesus’ sake only, but that they might see Lazarus, whom he had raised from the dead. But the chief priests thought to kill Lazarus also ; because many of the Jews, by reason of him, went away, and believed in Jesus.* § 55. The people of Jerusalem come out to meet Jesus. The disciples bring Him the young ass of which He had told them. Acclamations and rejoicings of the people , and envy of the Pharisees. He sheds tears over Jerusalem. And when they drew nigh to Jerusalem, and were come to Bethphage, unto Mount Olivet, then Jesus sent two disciples, saying to them: “ Gro ye into the village that is over against you, and immediately you shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her: loose them and bring them to me. And if any man shall say anything to you, say ye, that the Lord hath need of them: ” and forthwith he will let them go. They that were sent, went their way, and found the colt standing, as he had said unto them. * John, xii. 102 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST [PART Now all this was done that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying : “ Tell ye the daughter of Sion: Behold thy king cometh to thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, and a colt the foal of her that is used to the yoke.” And the disciples going, did as Jesus commanded them. And they brought The ass and the colt, and laid their garments upon them, and made him sit thereon. And a very great multitude spread their garments in the way : and others cut boughs from the trees, and strewed them in the way : and the multitudes that went before and that followed, cried, saying: “ Hosanna to the Son of David : Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord: Hosanna in the highest.” And when he was now coming near the descent of Mount Olivet, the whole multitude of his disciples began with joy to praise God with a loud voice, for all the mighty works they had seen, saying: “ Blessed be the king who cometh in the name of the Lord, peace in heaven, and glory on high! ” And some of the Pharisees, from amongst the multitude, said to him : “ Master, rebuke thy disciples.” To whom he said : “ I say to you that if these shall hold their peace, the stones will cry out.” And when he drew near, seeing the. city he wept over it, saying: “ If thou also hadst known, and that in this thy day, the things that are to thy peace ; hut now they are hidden from thy eyes. Por the days shall come upon thee: and thy enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and straiten thee on every side, and heat thee flat to the ground, and thy children who are in thee : and IV.] SCENES IN THE TEMPLE. 103 they shall not leave in thee a stone upon a stone: be¬ cause thou hast not known the time of thy visitation.” JESUS CHRIST RIDES INTO JERUSALEM. And when he was come into Jerusalem, the whole city was moved saying: “Who is this?” And the people said: “ This is Jesus the prophet, from Naza¬ reth of Galilee.” § 56. Cures of the sich: continued acclamations of the 'people. And the chief priests and scribes, seeing the won¬ derful things that he did, and the children crying in 104 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART the temple, and saying, “ Hosanna to the son of David/' were moved with indignation, and said to him: “ Hearest thou what these say ? " And Jesns said to them : “Yea, have yon never read: ‘ Out of the mouth of infants and of sucklings thou hast perfected praise ’ ? ” How there were certain gentiles among them, who came up to adore on the festival day. These therefore came to Philip, who was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and desired him, saying: “ Sir, we would see Jesus.’' Philip cometh and telleth Andrew. Again Andrew and Philip told Jesus. But Jesus answered them, saying : “ The hour is come, that the son of man should be glori¬ fied. Amen, amen, I say to you, unless the grain of wheat falling into the ground die, itself remaineth alone. But if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit. He that joveth his life shall lose it: and he that hateth his life in this world, keepeth it unto life eternal. If any man minister to me, let him follow me; and where I am, there also shall my minister be. If any man minister to me, him will my Father honour. How is my soul troubled. And what shall I say ? Father, save me from this hour. But for this cause I came unto this hour. Father, glorify thy name." A voice therefore came from heaven : “I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again." The multitude therefore that stood and heard, said that it thundered. Others said : “An angel spoke to him." Jesus answered, and said : “ This voice came not because of me, but for your sakes. How is the judgment of the world : now shall the prince of this world be cast out. And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all things to myself." (How this 106 IV .J SCENES IN THE TEMPLE : FIRST DAT. he said, signifying what death he should die.) The multitude answered him: “ We have heard out of the law, that Christ abideth for ever; and how sayest thou : The son of man must be lifted up ? Who is this son of man?” Jesus therefore said to them: “ Yet a little while, the light is among you, Walk whilst you have the light, that the darkness overtake you not. And he that walketh in darkness, knoweth not whither he goeth. Whilst you have the light, believe in the light, that you may be the children ol light.” These things Jesus spoke ; and he went away, and hid himself from them. And whereas he had done so many miracles before them, they believed not in him: That the saying of Isaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he said : “ Lord, who hath believed our hearing ? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed?” Therefore they could not believe, because Isaias said again: “ He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart, that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.” These things said Isaias, when he saw his glory, and spoke of him. However many of the chief men also believed in him; but they did not confess him, that they might not be cast out of the synagogue. But Jesus cried, and said: PUBLIC PROTEST OP JESUS IN THE TEMPLE. He that believeth in me, doth not believe in me, but in Him that sent me. And he that seeth me, seeth Him that sent me. I am come a light into the world; that who¬ soever believeth in me, may not remain in •darkness. And if any man hear my words, and keep them not, I do not judge him: for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. He that despiseth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him ; the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day. For I have not spoken of myself; but the Father who sent me, he gave me commandment what I should say, and what I should speak. And I know that his commandment is life everlasting. The things therefore that I speak, even as the Father said unto me, so do I speak. II LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHEIST. [PART* 106 § 57. Jesus goes away at night to Bethany , and returns in the morning. Events and discourses of the second day. And leaving them, he went out of the city into Bethania, and remained there. And in the morning, returning into the city, he was hungry. And seeing a certain fig-tree by the way-side, he came to it and THE FIG-TREE WHICH HAD NOTHING BUT LEAVES IS CURSED. found nothing on it but leaves only ; and he saith to it: u May no fruit grow on thee henceforward for ever.” And immediately the fig-tree withered away.* And they came to Jerusalem. And when he was entered into the temple, he began to cast out them * Matthew, xxi. IV.] SCENES IN THE TEMPLE : THE SECOND DAY. 107 that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the money-changers, and the chairs of them that sold doves. And he suffered not that any man should carry a vessel through the temple: And he taught, saying to them: “Is it not written, ‘My house shall be called the house of prayer to all nations ?’ Jut you have made it a den of thieves/’ "Which when the chief priests and the scribes had heard, they sought how they might destroy him. For they feared him, because the whole multitude was in admiration at his doctrine. And when evening was come he went forth out of the city.* § 58. Events of the third day's Visit to the Temple. And when they passed by in the morning, they saw the fig-tree dried up from the roots. And Peter remembering, said to him: “Babbi, behold the fig-tree, which thou didst curse, is withered away.” And Jesus answering, saith to them: “Have the faith of God. Amen I say to you, that whosoever shall say to this mountain,‘ Be thou removed and be cast into the sea/ and shall not stagger in his heart, but believe, that whatsoever he saith shall be done; it shall be done unto him. Therefore I say unto you, all things, what¬ soever you ask when ye pray, believe that you shall receive: and they shall come unto you. And when you shall stand to pray, forgive, if you have aught against any man; that your Father also, who is in heaven, may forgive you your sins. But if you will not forgive, neither will your Father that is in heaven, forgive you your sins.” * Mabk, xi. 108 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART And they come again to Jerusalem, and when he was walking in the temple, the chief priests and the scribes, with the ancients, met together, and spoke to him, saying: “ Tell us, by what authority dost thou these things ? or, Who is he that hath given thee this authority?” And Jesus answering, said to them: “I will also ask you one thing. Answer me: The baptism of John was it from heaven, or of men?” But they thought within themselves, saying: “ If we shall say from heaven: he will say : Why then did you not believe him? But if we say, of men, the whole people will stone us : for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.” And they answered, that they knew not whence it was. And Jesus said to them: “ Neither do I tell you by what authority I do these things.” * § 59. Discourses and parables of Jesus in the Temple. And he began to speak to them in parables. PARABLE SHOWING THE COMING REJECTION OP THE JEWS. A certain man planted a vineyard and made a hedge about it, and dug a place for the wine fat, and built a tower, and let it to husband¬ men ; and went into a far country. And at the season he sent to the husband¬ men a servant to receive of the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard. Who having laid hands on him, beat him, and sent him away empty. And again he sent to them another servant; and him they wounded in the head, and used him reproachfully. And again he sent another, and him they killed: and many others, of whom some they beat, and others they killed. Therefore having yet one son, most dear t<* him; he also sent him unto them last of ali, saying: They will reverence my son. But the husbandmen said one to another: This is the heir; come let us kill him; and the inheritance shall be ours. And laying hold on him, they killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard. What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do ? He will come and destroy those husband¬ men; and will give the vineyard to others who shall render 1dm the fruits* thereof in due season. Jesus saith to them: “ Have you never read in the Scriptures: * The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner ? By the *Maek. xi. Xuke. XX. JESUS SPEAKS IN PARABLES. 109 IV.] Lord this has been done; and it is wonderful in our eyes/ Therefore. I say to you, that the kingdom of God shall he taken from you, and shall he given to a nation yielding the fruits thereof. And whosoever shall fall on this stone, shall he broken: but on whom¬ soever it shall fall, it shall grind him to powder.” And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they knew that he spoke of them. And seeking to lay hands on him, they feared the multi¬ tudes : because they held him as a prophet. And leaving him they went their way.*' And Jesus continued to speak to the people in parables. THE PARABLE OF THE KING’S MARRIAGE FEAST FOR HIS SON. The kingdom of heaven is likened to a king, who made a marriage for his son. And he sent his servants, to call them that were invited to the marriage; and they would not come. Again he sent other servants, saying: “ Tell them that were invited, Behold, I have prepared my dinner; my beeves and fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come ye to the marriage.” But they neglected and went their ways, one to his farm, and another to his merchandise. And the rest laid hands on his servants, and having treated them contumeliously, put them to death. But when the king had heard of it, lie was angry, and sending his armies, he des¬ troyed those murderers and burned their city. Then he said to his servants: “ The marriage indeed is ready, but they that were invited were not worthy. Go ye therefore into the highways, and as many as you shall find, bid to the marriage.” And his servants, going forth into the ways, gathered together all that they found, both bad and good: and the mar¬ riage was filled with guests. And the king went in to see the guests: and he saw there a man who had not on a wedding garment. And he saith to him: “Friend, how earnest thou in hither not having on a wedding gar¬ ment?” But he was silent. Then the king said to the waiters: “ Bind his hands and feet, and cast him into the exterior darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. For many are called, but few are chosen.” i § 60. The High Priests try to compromise Him with the civil power on the question of the Roman tribute. And being upon the watch, they sent spies, who should feign themselves just, that they might take hold of him in his words, that they might deliver him up to the authority and power of the governor. And they asked him, saying: “ Master, we know that thou * Matthew xxi. f Matthew, xxiL 110 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART speakest and teackest rightly : and thon dost not respect any person, but teachest the way of God in truth/' Is it lawful for us to give tribute to Caesar, or no ? But he, considering their guile, said to them: “ Why tempt you me ? Shew me a penny. Whose image and inscription hath it P ’’ They answering said to him: “ Caesar’s." And he said to them : “ Bender therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s: and to God the things that are God’s.’’ And they could not reprehend his word before the people : and wondering at his answer, they held their peace.* § 61. The unbelieving Sadducees are put to silence. Jesus proves the resurrection from, the dead. And there came to him some of the Sadducees, who deny that there is any resurrection, and they asked him, saying : “ Master, Moses wrote unto us, ‘ if any man’s brother die having a wife, and he leave no children, that his brother should take her to wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.’ There were therefore seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and died without children. And the next took her to wife, and he also died child¬ less. And the third took her. And in like manner all the seven, and they left no children, and died. Last of all the woman died also. In the resurrection therefore, whose wife of them shall she be ? for all the seven had her to wife.’’ And Jesus said to them: “ The children of this world marry, and are given in marriage: but they that shall be accounted worthy of ' that world, and of the resurrection from the dead, shall neither be married, nor take wives. Neither can * Luke, ax. SNARES TO ENTRAP JESUS. Ill IY.J they die any more: for they are equal to the angels, and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection. Now that the dead rise again, Moses also shewed, at the bush, when he called the Lord, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob; for he is not the God of the dead but of the living, for all live to Him.” And certain of the Scribes answering, said: “ Master, thou hast spoken well and the multitudes hearing it, were in admira¬ tion at His doctrine.* § 62. The Pharisees in their turn are put to silence. But the Pharisees hearing that he had silenced the Sadducees, came together: and one of them, a doctor of the law, asked him, tempting him: “ Master, which is the great commandment in the law?” Jesus said to him : “ Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, and with thy whole soul, and with thy whole mind. This is the greatest and the first com¬ mandment. And the second is like to this: Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments dependeth the whole law and the prophets.”f And the scribe said to him: “Well, master, thou hast said in truth, that there is one God, and there is no other besides him. And that he should he loved with the whole heart, and with the whole understanding, and with the whole soul, and with the whole strength ; and to love one’s neighbour ns oneself, is a greater thing than all holocausts and sacrifices.” And Jesus seeing that he had answered wisely, said to him: “ Thou art not far from the kingdom of God.” * Make xii. t Matthew xxii. ' l part 112 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. § 63 . Jesus aslcs the Pharisees a question which they cannot answer. And the Pharisees being gathered together, Jesus asked them, saying: “What think yon of Christ? whose Son is he ?” they say to him : “ David’s.” He saith to them: “ How then doth David in spirit call him Lord, saying: ‘the Lord said to my Lord, “Sit on my right hand, until I make thy enemies thy foot¬ stool ” y ? If David then call him Lord, how is he his son ? ” And no man was able to answer him a word. § 64 . Jesus exposes 'publicly to the people the hypocrisy of the Scribes and Pharisees. Then Jesus spoke to the multitudes and to his disciples, saying: rUBLIC DISCOURSE OF JESUS, EXPOSING THE SCRIBES AND PHARISEES. The Scribes and the Pharisees sit on the chair of Moses. All things therefore whatsoever they shall say to you, observe and do: but according to their works do ye not; for they say, and do not. For they bind heavy and insupportable bur¬ dens, and lay them on men’s shoulders; but with a linger of their own they will not move them. And all their works they do for to be seen of men. For they make their phylacteries broad, and enlarge their fringes. And they love the first places at feasts, and the first chairs in the synagogues, And salutations in the market-place, and to be called by men, Rabbi. But be not you called Rabbi. For one is your master; and all you are brethren. And call none your father upon earth; for one is your Father, who is in heaven. Neither be ye called masters; for one is your master, Christ. He that is the greatest among you shall be your servant. And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be humbled: and he that shall humble himself shall be exalted. But wo to you scribes and Pharisees, hypo¬ crites, because you shut the kingdom of heaven against men, for you yourselves do not enter in; and those that are going in, you suffer not t o enter. Wo to you scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites: because you devour the houses of widows, praying long prayers. For this you shall receive the greater judgment. Wo to yon scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites: because you go round about the sea and the land to make one proselyte; and when he is made, you make him the child of hell twofold more than yourselves. Wo to you blind guides, that say, “whosoever shall swear by the temple, it is nothing; but he that shall swear by the gold of the temple, is a debtor.” Ye foolish and blind; for whether is greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifieth the gold? “ And whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gift that is upon it, is a debtor.” Ye blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift ? Wo to you scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites: because you tithe mint, and anise, and cum¬ min, and have left the weightier things of the law; judgment, and mercy, and faith. These things you ought to have done, and not leave those undone. Blind guides, who strain out a ghat, and swallow a camel. Wo to you scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites: because you make clean the outside of the cup and of the dish, but within you are full of rapine and uncleanness. — I \ From a design by Overbeck. “ WO UNTO YOU SCRIBES AND PHARISEES!” Copied by special permission. Jesus openly, in the hearing of His disciples and the people, taxes the Pharisees and Scribe3 with their hypocrisy and their secret vices. 115 IT.] THE WIDOW’S MITE. Thou blind Pharisee, first make clean the inside of the cup and of the dish, that the outside may become clean. Wo to you scribes and Pharisees, hypo¬ crites : because you are like to whited sepul¬ chres, which outwardly appear to men beau¬ tiful, but within are full of dead men’s bones, and of all filthiness. So you also outwardly indeed appear to men just; but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and iniquity. Wo to you scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites: that build the sepulchres of the prophets, and adorn the monuments of the just, And say: If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been par¬ takers with them in the blood of the prophets. Wherefore you are witnesses against your¬ selves, that you are the sons of them that killed the prophets. Pill ye up then the measure of your fa¬ thers. You serpents, generation of vipers, how will you flee from the judgment of hell ?* mm fmSm, i' J PfSR JESUS PRAISES THE WIDOW’S GIFT TO THE TREASURY OF THE TEMPLE. § 65 . The Widow's mite , and the destruction of the Temple. And Jesus sitting oyer against the treasury, beheld how the people cast money into the treasury, and many that were rich cast in much. And there came a certain * Matt., xxiii. 116 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. ^PART v poor widow and slie past in two mites, which make a farthing. And calling his disciples together, he saith to them: “ Amen, I say to you, this poor widow hath cast in more than all they who have cast into the treasury. For all they did cast in of their abundance; hut she of her want cast in all she had, even her whole living. 55 * And as he was going out of the temple, one of his disciples saith to him: “ Master, behold what manner of stones, and what buildings are here . 55 And Jesus answering, said to him: “ Seest thou all these great buildings? There shall not be left a stone upon a stone, that shall not be thrown down. 55 f § 66 . Jesus discourses with his disciples as they sit together on the Mount of Olives , with a full view of the buildings of the Temple before them; on the signs of the destruction of the Temple; of his second coming , and of the end of the world. And when he was sitting upon mount Olivet, the disciples came to him privately, saying; “ Tell us when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the consummation of the world ?’ 5 And Jesus answering, said to them : THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION RESPECTING THE END OP THE WORLD. Take lieed that no man seduce you: Tor many will come in my name saying, I am Christ: and they will seduce many. And you shall hear of wars and rumours of wars. See that ye he not troubled. For these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet. For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom; and there shall be pestilences, and famines, and earthquakes in places: Now all these are the beginnings of sorrows. Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted; and ye shall stand before princes and kings for my sake for a testimony unto them. And when they shall lead you and deliver you up, be not thoughtful beforehand what you shall speak; but whatsoever shall be given you in that hour, that speak ye. For it is not you that speak, but the Holy Ghost. Note.— This prophecy was fulfilled at the Siege of Jerusalem, by the Roman army under Titus. When the city was taken, the buildings were burnt, and turned to total ruin and desolation. The prophecy of our Saviour, that the temple should * Mark, xii. t Mark, xiii. THE LAST JUDGMENT. 117 IV.] And the brother shall betray his brother unto death, and the father his son: and children shall rise up against the parents, and shall work their death. And you shall be hated by all men for my name’s sake. But he that shall endure unto the eud, he shall be saved. And then shall many be scandalized: and shall betray one another: and shall hate one another. THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION It! When therefore you shall see the abomination of desolation, which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place: lie that readeth let him understand. Then they that are in Judea, let them flee to the mountains: And he that is on the house-top, let him not come down to take any thing out of his house : And he that is in the field, let him not go back to take his coat. And many false prophets shall rise, and shall seduce many. And because iniquity hath abounded, the charity of many shall grow cold. But he that shall persevere to the end, he shall be saved. And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world, for a testimony to all nations, and then shall the consummation come. ECTING THE FALL OF JERUSALEM. And wo to them that are with child, and that give suck in those days. But pray that your flight be not in the winter, or on the sabbath. For there shall be then great tribulation, such as hath not been from the beginning of the world until now, neither shall be. And unless those days had been shortened,, no flesh should be saved: but for the sake of the elect those days shall be shortened. THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION RESPECTING HIS SECOND COMING. Then if any man shall say to you: Lo here is Christ, or there, do not believe him. For there shall arise false Christs and false prophets, and shall show great signs and wonders, insomuch as to deceive (if possible) even the elect. Behold I have told it to you, beforehand. If therefore they shall say to you: Behold he is in the desert, go ye not out: Behold he is in the closets, believe it not. For as lightning cometh out of the east, and appeareth even into the west: so shall also the coming of the son of man be. Wheresoever the body shall be, there shall the eagles also be gathered together. And immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun shall be darkened and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven shall be moved: And then shall appear the sign of the son of man in heaven: and then shall all tribes of the earth mourn: and they shall see the son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with much power and majesty. And he shall send his Angels with a trumpet, and a great voice: and they shall gather to¬ gether his elect from the four winds, from the farthest parts of the heavens to the utmost bounds of them. And from the fig-tree learn a parable: When the branch thereof is now tender, and the leaves come forth, you know that summer is nigh. So you also, when you shall see all these things, know ye that it is nigh even at the doors. Amen I say to you, that this generation shall not pass, till all these things be done. Heaven and earth shall pass, but my words shall not pass. But of that day and hour no one knoweth, no not the Angels of heaven, but the Father alone. And as in the days of Noe, so shall also the coming of the son of man be. For as in the days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, even till that day in which Noc entered into the ark. And they knew not till the flood came, and took them all away; so also shall the coming of the son of man be.* be thus destroyed, became known to the heathen, and in the reign of the Roman Emperor Julian, commonly called the Apostate, from his having been a cleric in his youth, and having returned to the heathen superstitions on coming to the Empire, an attempt was made to rebuild the temple, but as Ammianus Marcellinus, a heathen historian, relates, fire broke out of the earth, and drove the workmen away from their work, so that the attempt had to be wholly abandoned, * Matthew, xxiv. 118 THE LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART § 67 . Jesus describes to His Disciples the Last Judgment. DESCRIPTION OF THE LAST JUDGMENT. And when the son of man shall come in his majesty, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit upon the seat of his majesty: And all nations shall be gathered together before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as the shepherd separateth the sheep from the goats: And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left. Then shall the king say to them that shall be on his right hand: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess you the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and you gave me to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me to drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in: Naked, and you covered me: sick, and you visited me: I was in prison, and you came to me. Then shall the just answer him, saying: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, and fed thee; thirsty, and gave thee drink ? And when did we see thee a stranger, and took thee in ? or naked, and covered thee ? Or when did we see thee sick or in prison, and came to thee ? And the king answering, shall say to them: Amen I say to you, as long as you did it to one of these my least brethren, you did it to me. Then he shall say to them also that shall be on his left hand: Depart from me, you cursed, into everlasting fire, which was prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and you gave me not to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me not to' drink. I was a stranger, and you took me not in: naked, and you covered me not: sick, and in prison, and you did not visit me. Then they also shall answer him, saying: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to thee ? Then he shall answer them, saying: Amen I say to you, as long as you did it not to one of these least, neither did you do it to me. And these shall go into everlasting punish¬ ment : but the just into life everlasting. And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended all these words, he said to his disciples : “ You know that after two days shall he the pasch, and the Son of Alan shall he delivered up to be crucified. § 68 . Events of the fourth day (Wednesday): the Chief Priests and Pharisees hold a council to apprehend Him. Then were gathered together the chief priests and ancients of the people into the court of the high-priest, who was called Caiphas : and they consulted together, that by subtilty they might apprehend Jesus, and put him to death. But they said: “ Not on the festival day, lest perhaps there should he a tumult among the oeople.” § 69 . Judas bargains with the High Friests to betray him. Then went one of the twelve, who was called Judas Iscariot, to the chief priests. And said to them: IY.] BARGAIN OF THE TRAITOR JUDAS. 119 ’ “ What will you give me, and I will deliver him unto you?” But they appointed him thirty pieces of silver. And from thenceforth he sought opportunity to betray him. JUDAS BARGAINS TO BETRAY HIM FOR THIRTY PIECES OF SILVER. § 70. The Disciples prepare for the Pascii. Now on the first day of the unleavened bread,, when they sacrificed the pasch, the disciples say to him : u Whither wilt thou that we go, and prepare for thee to eat the pasch?” And he sendeth two of his disciples, and saith to them: “ Go ye into the city: \ 120 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART and there shall meet you a man carrying a pitcher of water, follow him; and whithersoever he shall go in, say to the master of the house, ‘ The master saith, Where is my refectory, where I may eat the pasch with my disciples P J And he will show you a large dining-room furnished; and there prepare ye for us. 5 ’ And his disciples went their way, and came into the city; and they found as he had told them, and they prepared the pasch. 71 . Jesus celebrates the Mosaic Paschal Supper with His Disciples. And when evening was come, he cometh with the twelve. And when they were at table and eating, Jesus saith: “ With desire I have desired to eat this pasch with you, before I suffer. For I say to you, that from this time I will not eat it, till it be fulfilled in the kingdom of Grod.” And having taken the chalice, he gave thanks and said: “ Take and divide it among you. For I say to you, that I will not drink of the fruit of the vine, till the kingdom of Grod come.” § 72 . Jesus predicts, for the first time , the treachery of Judas. “ Amen I say to you, that one of you is about to betray me.” And they being very much troubled, began every one to say: “ Is it I, Lord ? ” But he answering, said : “ He that dippeth his hand with me in the dish, he shall betray me. The Son of Man indeed goeth, as it is written of him: but wo to that man by whom the Son of Man shall be betrayed : It were better for him, if that man had never been born.” Ar^d Judas that betrayed him, answering said: “ Is it I, Rabbi ? ” He saith to him : “ Thou hast said it.” IV.] THE HOLY SACRIFICE OF THE HEW LAW. 121 §73. The Paschal solemnity according to the Law of Moses being ended , Jesus institutes the unbloody sacrifice of the New Law , to take the place of the bloody sacrifices of the old law , and gives to His Church the sacrament of the most Holy Eucharist. Before the festival day of the Pascii, Jesus knowing that his hour was come that he should pass out of this world to the Father, having loved his own who were in the world he loved them to the end. And while they were at supper Jesus took bread and blessed, and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, and said, “Take, and eat. This is my Body which is given for you : do this for a commemoration of me.” (St. Luke, xxii., 19.) In like manner the chalice also after he had supped, saying, “ This is the chalice, the New Tes¬ tament IN MY BLOOD, WHICH SHALL BE SHED FOR YOU AND FOR MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS.” (St. Matt., xxvi., 28; St. Luke, xxii., 20.) “ But yet behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table. And the Son of Man indeed goeth, according to that which is determined: but yet, wo to that man by whom he shall be betrayed.” And they began to inquire among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing. Note. —The Catechism of the Council of Trent says, u The Holy Eucharist was instituted that the Church might have a perpetual sacrifice in which our sins might be expiated, and the Eternal Father who is often offended with our crimes might be turned away from wrath to mercy, and from the severity of just punish¬ ment to clemency and forgiveness. Of this we have a figure and similitude in the Paschal Lamb, which was offered, first as a sacrifice to avert the wrath of the destroying angel, previous to its being eaten after the manner of a sacrifice by the children of Israel. A sacrifice differs from a sacrament in this, that its efficacy consists in its being offered; and as Christ the Lord in His Passion has merited and satisfied for us, so those who offer this sacrifice obtain the fruits of our Lord’s Passion, and also satisfy for us.”— Cate. Rom. on the Holy Eucharist. 122 LIFE AND PASSION OE JESUS CHRIST. [PART JESUS INSTITUTES THE HOLY SACRIFICE OF THE NEW LAW. §74. Jesus washes the feet of his discijples to teach them humility. And when supper was done (the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to betray him), knowing that the Father had given him all things into his hands, and that he came from God and goeth to God; He riseth from supper, and layeth aside his garments, and having taken a towel, girded himself. After that, he putteth water into a basin, and began to wash the feet of his disciples, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded. He cometh IV.] WASHING THE FEET OF THE DISCIPLES. 123 JESUS WASHES THE FEET OF HIS DISCIPLES. therefore to Simon Peter. And Peter saith to him: “ Lord, dost thou wash my feet ?” Jesus answered, and said to him: “ What I do, thou knowest not now; hut thou shalt know hereafter.” Peter saith to him: “ Thou shalt never wash my feet.” Jesus answered him: “ If I wash thee not, thou shalt have no part with me.” Simon Peter saith to him: “Lord, not only my feet, hut also my hands and my head.” Jesus saith to him: “ He that is washed, needeth not hut to wash his feet, but is clean wholly. And you are clean; hut not all.” For he knew who he was that would 124 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS' CHRIST. [PARU betray him; therefore he said: “You are not all clean.” And there was also a strife amongst them, which of them should seem to be the greater. And he said to> them: “The kings of the gentiles lord it over them;; and they that have power over them, are called bene¬ ficent. But you not so; but he that is the greater among you, let him become as the younger; and he that is the leader, as he that serveth. For which is sreater, he that sitteth at table, or he that serveth ?‘ Is not he that sitteth at table? But I am in the midst of you, as he that serveth; and you are they who have continued with me in my temptations; and I dispose to you, as my Father hath disposed to me, a kingdom: that you may eat and drink at my table, in my kingdom; and may sit upon thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.” Then after he had washed their feet, and taken his garments, being sat down again, he said to them: “Know you what I have done to you? You call me Master, and Lord; and you say well, for so I am. If then I, being your Lord and Master, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet. For I have given you an example, that as I have done to you, so you do also. Amen, amen, I say to you: the servant is not greater than his lord; neither is the apostle greater than he that sent him. If you know these things, you shall be blessed if you do them.”* § 75 . Jesus the second time predicts the betrayal of Judas. “ I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen. But that the scripture may be fulfilled: £ He * Luke, xxii. John, xiii. IV.] TEEACHEEY OE JUDAS FOEETOLD. 125 that eateth bread with me, shall lift up his heel against me.’ At present I tell you, before it come to pass, that you may believe that I am he. Amen, amen, I say to you, he that receiveth whomsoever I send, receiveth me; and he that receiveth me, receiveth Him that sent me.” When Jesus had said these things, he was troubled in spirit; and he testified, and said: “ Amen, amen, I say to you, one of you shall betray me.” The disciples therefore looked one upon another, doubting of whom he spoke. Now there was leaning on Jesus’s bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved. Simon Peter therefore beckoned to him, and said to him, “ Who is it of whom he speaketh?” He therefore leaning on the breast of Jesus, saith to him: “Lord, who is it?” Jesus an¬ swered : “ He it is to whom I shall reach bread dipped.” And when he had dipped the bread, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon. And after the morsel, Satan -entered into him. And Jesus said to him: “That which thou dost, do quickly.” Now no man at the table knew to what purpose he said this unto him. For some thought, because Judas had the purse, that Jesus had said to him: Buy those things which we have need of for the festival day: or that he should give something to the poor. He therefore having received the morsel, went out immediately. And it was night. When he therefore was gone out, Jesus said: “ Now is the Son of Man glorified, and God is glorified in him. If God be glorified in him, God also will glorify him in Himself; and immediately will he glorify Him.”* * John, xiii. 126 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART § 76 . Jesus foretells the desertion of the Apostles , and the fall of Peter. u Little children, yet a little while I am with you. You shall see me; and as I said to the Jews: Whither I go you cannot come; so I say to you now. A new commandment I give unto you: that you love one another, as I have loved you, that you also love one another. By this shall all men know that you are my disciples, if you have love one for another.” Simon Peter saith to him: “Lord, whither goest thou?” Jesus answered: “ Whither I go, thou canst not follow me now; but thou shalt follow hereafter.” Peter saith to him, u Why cannot I follow thee now?” And the Lord said: “ Simon, Simon, behold Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat: but I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and thou, being once converted, confirm thy brethren.” Peter saith unto him, “ Lord, I am ready to go with thee: both into prison and to death, I will lay down my life for thee.” Jesus answered him: “ Wilt thou lay down thy life for me? Amen, amen, I say to thee, the cock shall not crow till thou thrice deniest that thou lmowest me.”* § 77. Two swords are brought by the Apostles. u When 1 sent you without purse and scrip and shoes, did you want anything?” But they said: “ Nothing.” Then said he unto them: “ But now he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise a scrip; and he that hath not, let him sell his coat, and buy a sword. For I say to you, that this that is written must yet be fulfilled in me: ‘ And with the wicked was he reckoned. 7 For the things concerning me have a ib * Luke, xxii. IY.] LAST DISCOURSES OF JESUS 127 end.” But they said: “Lord, behold here are two swords.” And he said to them: “It is enough.”* § 78 . Jesus on leaving the supper room discourses with his Disciples. HIS LAST DISOOURSE.t I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. Every branch in me, that beareth not fruit, he will take away : and every one that beareth fruit, he will purge it, that it may bring forth mox*e fruit. Now you are clean by reason of the word, which I have spoken to you. Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abide in the vine, so neither can you, unless you abide in me. I am the vine ; you the branches; he that abideth in me, and I in him, the same beareth much fruit: for without me you can do no¬ thing. If any one abide not in me, he shall be cast forth as a branch, and shall wither, and they shall gather him up, and cast him into the fire, and he buroeth. If you abide in me, and my words abide in you, you shall ask whatever you will, and it shall be done unto you. In this is my Father glorified; that you bring forth very much fruit, and become my disci¬ ples. As the Father hath loved me, I also have loved you. Abide in my love. If you keep my commandments, you shall abide in my love; as I also have kept my Father’s commandments, and do abide in his love. These things I have spoken to you, that my joy may be in you, and your joy may be filled. This is my commandment, that you love one another, as I have loved you. Greater love than this no man hath, that a man lay down his life for his friends. You are my friends, if you do the things that I command you. I will not now call you servants: for the servant lmoweth not what his lord doth. But I have called you friends: because all things whatsoever I have heard of my Father, I have made known to you. You have not chosen me: but I have chosen you; and have appointed you, that you should go, and should bring forth fruit; and your fruit should remain: that whatsoever you shall ask of the Father in my name, he may give it you. These things I command you, that you love one another. If the world hate you, know ye that it hath hated me before you. If you had been of the world, the world would love its own : but because you are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hateth you. Bemember my word that I said to you: The servant is not greater than his master. If they have persecuted me, they will also persecute you: if they have kept my word, they will keep yours also. But all these things they will do to you for my name’s sake : because they know not him that sent me. If I had not come, and spoken to them, they would not have sin; but now they have no excuse for their sin. He that hateth me, hateth my Father also. If I had not done among them the works that no other man hath done, they would not have sin; but now they have both seen and hated both me and my Father. But that the word may be fulfilled which is written in their law : They hated me without cause. But when the Paraclete cometh, whom I will send you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who px-oceedeth from the Father, he shall give testimony of me. And you shall give testimony, because you are with me from the beginning. § 79 . Jesus answers some questions of his Disciples ; he foretells that they will desert him ; his prayer for them. “A little while, and now you shall not see me; and again a little while, and you shall see me: because I go to the Father.” . * Lukk, xxii. f John, xv. 128 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CIIEIST. [PAET Then some of his disciples said one to another: “ What is this that he saith to ns ? ‘A little while, and you shall not see me; and again a little while, and you shall see me, and because I go to the Father.’ ” They said therefore: “ What is this that he saith ?” And Jesus knew that they had a mind to ask him; and he said to them: “Of this do you inquire among yourselves, because I said: ‘A little while, and you shall not see me; and again a little while, and you shall see me’? Amen, amen, I say to you, that you shall lament and weep, but the world shall rejoice; and you shall be made sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy. And in that day you shall not ask me any thing. Amen, amen, I say to you: if you ask the Father any thing in my name, he will give it you. Hitherto you have not asked any thing in my name. Ask, and you shall receive; that your joy may be full. I came forth from the Father, and am come into the world: again I leave the world, and I go to the Father.” His disciples say to him: “ Behold, now thou speakest plainly, and speakest no proverb. Now we know that thou knowest all things, and thou needest not that any man should ask thee. By this we believe that thou earnest forth from God.” Jesus answered them: “Do you now believe? Behold, the hour cometh, and it is now come, that you shall be scattered every man to his own, and shall leave me alone; and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with me. These things I have spoken to you, that in me you may have peace. In the world you shall have distress; but have confidence, I have overcome the world.” IY.] PRAYER POR THE DISCIPLES 129 These tilings Jesus spoke, and lifting up his eyes to heaven, he said:— THE PRAYER.* Father, the hour is come, glorify thy Son, that thy Son may glorify thee. As thou hast given him power over all flesh, that he may give eternal life to all whom thou hast given him. Now this is eternal life : That they may know thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent. I have glorified thee on the earth; Iha\ e finished the work which thou gavest me to do. And now glorify thou me, O Father, with thyself, with the glory which I had, before the world was, with thee. I have manifested thy name to the men whom thou hast given me out of the world. Thine they were, and to me thou gavest them; and they have kept thy word. Now they have known, that all things which thou hast given me, are from thee: Because the words which thou gavest me, I have given to them; and they have received them, and have known in very deed that I came out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me. I pray for them: I pray not for the world, but for them whom thou hast given me : because they are thine : and all my things are thine, and thine are mine ; and I am glorified in thee. And now I am not in the world, and these are in the world, and I come to thee. Holy Father, keep them in thy name whom thou hast given me; that they may be one, as we also are. While I was with them, I kept them in thy name. Those whom thou gavest me have I kept; and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition, that the scripture may be fulfilled. And now I come to thee: and these things I speak in the world, that they may have my joy filled in themselves. I have given them thy word, and the world hath hated them, because they are not of the world; as I also am not of the world. I pray not that thou shouldst take them out of the world, but that thou shouldst keep them from evil. They are not of the world, as I also am not of the world. Sanctify them in truth. Thy word is truth. As thou hast sent me into the world, I also have sent them into the world. And for them do I sanctify myself, that they also may be sanctified in truth. And not for them only do I pray, but for them also who through their word shall believe in me; that they all may be one, as thou, Father, in me, and I in thee ; that they also may be one in us; that the world may believe that thou hast sent me. And the glory which thou hast given me, I have given to them; that they may be one, as we also are one. I in them, and thou in me ; that they may be made perfect in one; and the world may know that thou hast sent me, and hast loved them, as thou hast also loved me. Father, I will that where I am, they also whom thou hast given me may be with me; that they may see my glory which thou hast given me, because thou hast loved me before the creation of the world. Just Father, the world hath not known thee; butlhave known thee : and these have known that thou hast sent me. And I have made known thy name to them, and will make it known ; that the love wherewith thou hast loved me may be in them, and I in them. § 80 . Jesus foretells a second time the denial of Peter. His agony in the garden of Gethsemani. Judas Iscariot betrays him with a hiss. And Jesus saith to them: “You will all be scan¬ dalised in my regard this night; for it is written, 4 I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep shall be dis¬ persed.’ But after I shall be risen again, I will go before you into Galilee.” But Peter saith to him: “Although all shall be scandalized in thee, yet will not I.” And Jesus saith to him: “Amen, I say to thee, to-day, even in this night, before the cock crow * St. John, xvii. 130 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [part* twice, thou shalt deny me thrice.” But he spoke the more vehemently: “ Although I should die together with thee, I will not deny thee.” And in like manner also said they all.*' § 81. The Garden of Gethsemani , and the Betrayal. And they came to a farm called Gethsemani. And he saith to his disciples: “ Sit you here, while I pray.” And he taketh Peter and James and John THE AGONY IN THE GARDEN. with him; and he began to fear and to be heavy. And he saith to them: “ My soul is sorrowful even * Matthew, xxvi. IV.] THE AGONY IN THE GARDEN. 131 unto death; stay you here and watch.” And when he was gone forward a little he fell flat on the ground; and he prayed, that if it might he, the hour might pass from him. And he saith: “Abba, Father, all things are possible to thee : remove this chalice from me; but not what I will, but what thou wilt.” And he cometh, and findeth them sleeping. And he saith to Peter : “Simon, sleepest thou? couldest thou not watch one JUDAS BETRAYS HIS MASTER WITH A KISS. hour? Watch ye, and pray that you enter not into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh 132 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART is weak.” And going away again, he prayed saying the same words. And when he returned, he found them again asleep (for their eyes were heavy), and they knew not what to answer him. And leaving them, - he went away again, and prayed the third time, saying the selfsame words. And there appeared an angel from heaven strengthening him. And being in an agony, he prayed the longer, and his sweat became as drops of blood trickling upon the ground. And he cometh the third time, and saith to them: “ Sleep ye now, and take your rest. It is enough: the hour is come: behold the Son of Man shall be betrayed into the hands of sinners. Rise up, let us go. Behold, he that will betray me is at hand.” And Judas also, who betrayed him, knew the place; because Jesus had often resorted thither, together with his disciples. Judas therefore having received a band of soldiers, and ser¬ vants, from the chief priests and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns, and torches, and weapons. And he that betrayed him, had given them a sign, saying: “ Whomsoever I shall kiss, that is he: lay hold on him, and, lead him away carefully.” And when he was come, immediately going up to him, he saith: “Hail, Rabbi!” and he kissed him. Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said to them: “ Whom seek ye?” They answered him: “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus saith to them, “ I am he.” And Judas also, who be¬ trayed him, stood with them. As soon therefore as he had said to them, “ I am he,” they went backward, and fell to the ground. Airain therefore he asked them: IY.] JESUS IS SEIZED AND LED AWAY. 133 “ Whom seek ye ?” And they said: “ Jesus of Naza¬ reth.” Jesus answered: “I have told you that I am he. If therefore you seek me, let these go their way.” That the word might be fulfilled which he said: “Of them whom thou hast given me, I have not lost any one.”* § 82. Simon Peter draws his sword, and strikes. And they who were about him seeing what would follow, said to him: “Lord, shall we strike with the sword ?” Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it, and struck the servant of the high-priest, and cut olF his right ear. And the name of the servant was Malchus. Jesus therefore said to Peter: “ Put up thy sword into the scabbard. The chalice which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it? And thinkest thou that I cannot ask my Father and he will give me presently more than twelve legions of angels ? but how then should the scriptures be fulfilled that so it must be done ?” And when he had touched the ear of the servant it was healed. And Jesus said to the chief priests, and magistrates of the temple, and the ancients that were come unto him: “Are ye come out, as it were against a thief, with swords and clubs? When I was daily with you in the temple, you did not stretch forth your hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness.” Then his disciples leaving him, all fled away. § 83. Jesus is hound and brought to Annas: Peter follows him. Then the band and the tribune, and the servants of the Jews, took Jesus, and bound him: and they led him away to Annas first, for he was father-in-law to * Matthew, xxvi. Mark, xiv. Luke, xxii. 134 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART Caiphas, who was the high-priest of that year. Now Caiphas was he who had given the counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one man should die for the people. And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple, who being known to the high-priest, went in with Jesus into the court of the high-priest. ANNAS HEARING THE REPORT OF HIS HAVING BEEN TAKEN COMES OUT TO SEE HIM. § 84 . St. Peter's first denial of his Master. But Peter stood at the door without. The other disciple, therefore, who was known to the high-priest, went out, and spoke to the portress, and brought in IY«] PETER WARMS HIS HANDS AT THE EIRE. 135 Peter. And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were sitting about it, Peter was in the midst of them. And when a certain maid had seen him sitting at the light, and had earnestly beheld him she said: “This man also was with him.” The maid therefore that was portress, saith to Peter: “Art not ST. PETER WARMS HIS HANDS AT THE FIRE AND DENIES HIS MASTER. thou also one of this man’s disciples ?” But he denied him, saying, “Woman, I know him not.” Now the servants and ministers stood at a fire of coals, because it was cold, and warmed themselves. And with them was Peter also, warming himself. 186 LIFE AND PASSION OP JESUS CHEIST. § 85 . Annas proceeds to examine Jesus , and gives orders for him to be sent to Caiphas. The high-priest therefore asked Jesus of his dis¬ ciples, and of his doctrine. Jesus answered him: “ I have spoken openly to the world: I have always taught in the synagogue and in the temple, whither all the Jews resort; and in secret I have spoken no¬ thing. Why askest thou me ? Ask them who have heard what I have spoken unto them: behold they know what things I have said.” And when he had said these things, one of the servants standing by, gave Jesus a blow, saying: u Answerest thou the high-priest so ?” Jesus answered him : a If I have spoken evil, give testimony of the evil; but if well, why strikest thou me?” And Annas commanded him to be sent bound to Caiphas the high-priest. But Simon Peter was standing and warming him¬ self. They said therefore to him: u Art thou not also one of his disciples ?” He denied it, and said: “ I am not.” One of the servants of the high-priest (a kinsman to him whose ear Peter cut off) saith to him : “ Did not I see thee in the garden with him ?” Again there¬ fore Peter denied; and immediately the cock crew. § 86 . Before Jesus is removed to be judged by Caiphas , the Chief Priests and members of the Sanhedrim begin to assemble in the house of Annas, and plot together to make up an indictment against Jesus by means of false witnesses. In the meantime the chief priests and all the council sought for evidence against Jesus, that they might put him to death, and found none. For many bore false witness against him, and their evidences were THE FALSE WITNESSES. 137 IY.J not agreeing. And some rising up, bore false witness against him, saying: “We heard him say, ‘I will destroy this temple made with hands, and within three days I will build another not made with hands.’ ” And their witness did not agree. And the high- priest rising up in the midst, asked Jesus, saying: “ An- swerest thou nothing to the things that are laid to thy charge by these men ?” But he held his peace, and answered nothing. Again the high-priest asked him, and said to him: “ Art thou the Christ the son of the blessed God?” And Jesus said to him: “I am. And you shall see the Son of Man sitting on the right hand of the power of God, and coming with the clouds of heaven.” Then the high-priest rending his garments, saith: “ What need we any farther witnesses ? You have heard the blasphemy. What think you ?” And they all answered, “He is guilty of death.” § 87. Christ is mocked and spit upon: Peter denies him for the third time. Then the men that held him, mocked him and struck him. And some began to spit upon him; and they blindfolded him, and smote his face. And they asked him, saying: “ Prophesy unto us, thou Christ, who is it that struck thee?” Others also smote him on the face with the palms of their hands. And after the space as it were of one hour, another certain man affirmed, saying: “ Of a truth this man was also with him; for he is also a Galilean.” They said therefore to him: “ Art thou not also one of his disciples ?” He denied it, and said: “ I am not.” One of the servants of the high-priest (a kinsman to him whose ear Peter K 138 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART cut off) saith to him: “Did not I see thee in the garden with him?” Peter therefore denied again, saying: “ Man, I know not what thou sayest.” And immediately, as he was yet speaking, the cock crew. And the Lord turning, looked on Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, as he had said: “ Before the cock crow thou shalt deny me thrice.” And Peter going out wept bitterly. ST. PETER DENIES HIS MASTER THE THIRD TIME.—THE COCK CROWS. § 88. Annas sends Jesus to Caiphas. The Sanhedrim meets in the morning. Jesus is condemned. The despair of Judas. And Annas sent Jesus bound to Caiphas. And 189 TV.] THE DESPAIR, OF THE TRAITOR. when morning was come all the chief priests and ancients of the people took counsel against Jesus that they might put him to death. And they brought him into their council, saying: “If thou be the Christ, tell us.” And he saith to them : “ If I shall tell you, you will not believe me. And if I shall also ask you, you will not answer me, nor let me go. But hereafter the Son of Man shal be sitting on the right hand JDDAS COMES TO THE HIGH-PRIESTS AND THROWS DOWN THE MONEY. of the power of God.” Then said they all: “Art thou then the Son of God?” Who said: “You say, that I am.” And they said: “What need we any 140 LIFE AND PASSION OP JESUS CHRIST. farther testimony? for we ourselves have heard it from his own mouth.” Then Judas, who betrayed him, seeing that he was condemned, repenting himself, brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and ancients, saying: “ I have sinned in betraying innocent blood.” But they said: “What is that to us? look thou to it.” And casting down the pieces of silver in the temple, he departed: and went and hanged himself with an halter. But the chief priests having taken the pieces of silver, said: “It is not lawful to put them into the corbona, because it is the price of blood.” And after they had consulted together, they bought with them the potter’s field, to be a burying-place for strangers. For this cause that field was called Haceldama, that is, the field of blood, even to this day. Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremias the pro¬ phet, saying: “And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him that was prized, whom they prized of the children of Israel. And they gave them unto the potter’s field, as the Lord appointed to me.” § 89. Jesus is brought before Pilate. Then they led Jesus from Caiphas to the governor’s hall. And it was morning; and they went not into the hall, that they might not be defiled, but that they might eat the pasch. Pilate therefore went out to them, and said: “..What accusation bring you against this man?” They answered, and said to him: “If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up to thee.” Pilate therefore said to them : “ Take him you, and judge him according to your law.” IV.] JESUS IS BROUGHT BEFORE PILATE. 141 The Jews therefore said to him: “It is not lawful for us to put any man to death.” That the word of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he said, signifying what death he should die. And they began to accuse him, saying: “ We have found this man perverting our nation, and forbidding to give tribute, and saying that he is Christ the king.” Pilate therefore went into the hall again, nnd called Jesus, and said to him: “Art thou the king of the Jews?” Jesus answered: “Sayestthou this thing of thyself, or have others told it thee of me?” Pilate answered: “Am I a Jew? Thy own nation, and the chief priests, have delivered thee up to me: what hast thou done?” Jesus answered: “ My kingdom is not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, my servants would certainly strive that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now my kingdom is not from hence.” Pilate therefore said to him : “ Art thou a king then ?” Jesus an¬ swered: “Thou sayest that I am a king. For this was I born, and for this came I into the world, that I should give testimony to the truth. Every one that is of the truth, heareth my voice.” Pilate saith to him : “ What is truth ?” And when he said this, he went out again to the Jews, and saith to them: “I find no cause in him.” And when he was accused by the chief priests and ancients, he answered nothing. Then Pilate saith to him: “ Dost not thou hear how great testimonies they allege against thee?” And he answered him to never a word; so that the governor wondered exceedingly. But they were more ear¬ nest, saying: “He stirreth up the people, teaching 142 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESTJS CHRIST. [PART throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee to this place.” § 90. Pilate sends Jesus to be tried by Herod. But Pilate hearing Galilee, asked if the man were of Galilee ? And when he understood that he was of Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him away to Herod, who HEROD, WITH HIS MEN OF WAR, MAKES A MOCK OF JESUS. was also himself at Jerusalem in those days. And Herod seeing Jesus, was very glad; for he was desirous of a long time to see him, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to see some sign IV.] JESUS TREATED AS A FOOL RY HEROD. 143 wrought by him. And he questioned him in many words. But he answered him nothing. And the chief priests and the scribes stood by, earnestly ac¬ cusing him. And Herod with his army set him at nought, and mocked him, putting on him a white garment, and sent him back to Pilate. And Herod and Pilate were made friends, that same day; for before they were enemies one to another. § 91. The people prefer Bcirabbas to Jesus. Now upon the solemn day the governor was accus- 144 £IFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHEIST. [PAET tomed to release to the people one prisoner, whom they would. And he had then a notorious prisoner, that was called Barabbas. They therefore being gathered together, Pilate said: “ Whom will you that I release to you, Barabbas, or Jesus that is called Christ?” For he knew that for envy they had delivered him. And as he was sitting in the place of judgment, his wife sent to him, saying, “ Have thou nothing to do with that just man; for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him.” And Pilate, calling together the chief priests, and the magistrates, and the people, said to them: “You have presented to me this man, as one that perverteth the people; and behold I, having examined him before you, find no cause in this man, in those things wherein you accuse him. No, nor Herod neither. For I sent you to him, and behold, nothing worthy of death is done to him. I will chastise him therefore, and release him.” But the chief priests and ancients per- Note.— “Pilate,” remarks the Pere de Ligny, “was one of that particular class of friends whose feeble mode of protection is in the end fully as cruel as the most direct oppression. He might, by a single word in the direct exercise of his authority, have put an end to the whole proceeding, and the measures to which his cowardice prompted him to have recourse, so far from saving Jesus, whom he appears to have had a sincere desire to protect, only served to aggravate His suffer¬ ings and insults. Hence, perhaps, the popular proverb may derive its origin, ‘ Save me from my friends.’ ” The intention of Pilate in proposing to inflict upon Jesus Christ the penalty of a public scourging appears to have been to take out of the mouths of the chief priests the ground on which they clamoured for His being put to death, viz., that Jesus had made Himself king of the Jews, reasoning so far with justice, that the accusation of an attempt to seize the throne preferred against one who had publicly undergone the infamy of a scourging before the people must fall by its own ab¬ surdity ; while there seemed in Pilate’s mind to be also reason to hope that the cry of the multitude against Jesus would be satisfied after they had witnessed His 145 IY.] “NOT THIS HAN, BUT BARABBAS.” suaded the people, that they should ask Barabbas, and make Jesus away. And the governor answering, said to them: “ Whether will you of the two to be released unto you?” But they said, “Barabbas.” Pilate saith to them: “ What shall I do then with Jesus that is called Christ?” They all say: “Let him be crucified.” The governor said to them: “Why, what evil hath he done?” And Pilate again spoke to them, desiring to release Jesus. But they cried again, saying: “Crucify him, crucify him.” Pilate said to them the third time: “ Why, what evil hath he done ? I find no cause of death in him. I will chastise him and let him go.” scourging. Hence Pilate recurs twice to his proposition of a scourging, which there is the best reason to think was purposely made the more cruel, inasmuch as it was a measure positively intended, by the lengths to which it was to be carried, to put the people off from proceeding to demand His death. Such is the illustration which our Divine Saviour’s passion affords of the benefits to be gained from half measures and compromises in the affairs of religion. It was the will of the Eternal Father that the increased sufferings and infamy heaped upon His Son through the compromising friendship of Pilate, should convey its lesson to His Church. If the punishment of scourging among the Jews, as described by the rabbins, was cruel, it was still merciful compared with that in use among the Romans. “ Here,” remarks Dr. Sepp, “ the saying attributed to Roboam may be applied, if the Jews scourged with whips, the Romans scourged with scorpions. They made use of cords, at the ends of which were attached pieces of broken bones, or bullets of lead. Hence the Christians of Smyrna, in the account they give of the suffer¬ ings of their martyrs, speak of a scourging which had laid bare the sinews and the veins in such a way, that the entire anatomy of the human body might have been studied. It was in these kind of executions that the cruelty and brutality of the Roman soldiery manifested itself, from which the nations of the world had so much to suffer during the whole course of their history. Even the very formula with which the criminal was delivered up was terrific: ‘ Lictor,’ said the judge, ‘ take and strip him, lay on, do your work (age el fac).” Now that Christianity has softened the manners of the nations, people have scarcely a notion of the cruelties that were practised then. The Romans carried their thirst for blood even into their private life. Every family that owned a large number of slaves had also a particular slave named Lorarius , whose office it was to flog the other wretched slaves with a lash composed of cords and bits of metal 146 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART § 92 Jesus is scourged at the pillar, and crowned with thorns. Pilate therefore took Jesus and scourged him. Then the soldiers of the governor taking Jesus into the hall, gathered together unto him the whole band: and stripping him, they put a scarlet cloak JESUS, BY THE COMMAND OP PILATE, IS SCOURGED AT THE PILLAR. twisted in them. Even the Roman ladies themselves often employed the public executioners, and paid them an annual stipend for punishing the female slaves who served them, and this for the most trifling act of negligence. These poor creatures, stripped naked, and tied by the hair either to a pillar or to a gate-post, were flogged till blood came as long as their mistresses who sat by looking on enjoyed the sight, and until it pleased them to cry “ enough. ” It was a very slight punishment for them, when a lady displeased with their services would run a hair-pin into their IY.] THE CROWNING WITH THORNS. 147 about him. And platting a crown of thorns, they put it upon his head, and a reed in his right hand. And bowing the knee before him, they mocked him, saying: u Hail, king of the Jews.” And spitting upon him, they took the reed, and struck his head. Pilate THE SOLDIERS CROWN JESUS WITH THORNS, AND BOW THE KNEE TO HIM AS KING. sides, or would bite and scratch them, or hit them with their fists and give them kicks. The precious stone called the “ onyx,” which has the colour of flesh, derives, its name from the nail of the human hand which tears open the flesh of the cheeks in scratching. (In the Greek, “onyx” means a nail or claw.) As there was no nation on the earth which the Roman soldiers so utterly hated and despised as the Jews, it is easy to conceive what our Divine Saviour’s scourging; must have been under their hands. 148 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART therefore went forth again, and saith to them : “ Be¬ hold, I bring him forth unto you, that you may know that I find no cause in him.” § 93. “Ecce homo!” Jesus is brought out by Pilate, dressed in his purple robe and wearing his crown of thorns , and is presented to the people as their Icing. The people insist with loud cries that he should be crucified. (Jesus therefore came forth, bearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment.) And he saith to them : “ Behold the Man.” When the chief priests therefore and the servants had seen him, they cried out, saying: “ Crucify him, crucify him.” Pilate saith to them: “ Take him you, and crucify him; for I find no cause in him.” The Jews answered him: u We Note. —The Stations of the Cross, or, as they are also called, the Way of the •Cross, are an immemorial tradition of the Christians of Palestine, which was first brought into use as a popular devotion by the Franciscans. Tradition still pre¬ serves the memory of the actual spots where the scenes forming the subjects of the pictures of the Way of the Cross really took place, and these are still pointed out to every pilgrim to the Holy City, who goes to pray at our Lord’s sepulchre. The tradition, therefore, embodied as it has been in a devotion sanctioned by a succes¬ sion of Popes, forms a collateral source of history, and from it we derive the knowledge of several particulars which have not been mentioned by the four Evangelists. Amongst these are the three falls of Jesus under the weight of His Cross; His meeting with His blessed mother, who fell down in a swoon of grief, and the circumstance of St. Veronica wiping His face with a napkin. The Popes, who by their briefs have sanctioned the devotion of the Way of the Cross, are Innocent XI., in a brief dated 5th September, 1686; Innocent XII., 1694; Bene¬ dict XIII., March, 1726; Clement XII., whose concessions are those now in force at the present day, and in virtue of which all the indulgences that may be gained by a devout pilgrimage to the real scenes, are attached to a devout visit to the stations when erected in any Church or Oratory, with the approbation of the •ordinary, by any Franciscan or other person having the necessary faculties. o pilate’s last session, the sentence. 151 have a law; and according to the law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.” (I. VIACRUOIS.) PILATE YIELDS TO THE CliY FOR HIS CRUCIFIXION. § 94. Pilate's last Session in the Judgment Hall , where he yields at length to the cry for the crucifixion of Jesus. When Pilate therefore had heard this saying, he feared the more. And he entered into the hall again, and he said to Jesus: “Whence art thou?” But Jesus gave him no answer. Pilate therefore saith to him: “ Speakest thou not to me ? knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and I have power 152 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART to release thee?” Jesus answered: “Thou shouldst not have any power against me, unless it were given thee from above. Therefore, he that hath delivered me to thee, hath the greater sin.” And from hence¬ forth Pilate sought to release him. But the Jews cried out, saying: “If thou release this man, thou art not Caesar’s friend. For whosoever maketh himself a king, speaketh against Caesar.” Now when Pilate had heard these words, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat, in the place that is called Lithostrotos, and in the Hebrew Gabbatha. And it was the parasceve of the pasch, about the sixth hour, and he saith to the Jews: “ Behold your king.” But they cried out: “Away with him, away with him, crucify him.” Pilate saith to them: “ Shall I crucify your king?” The chief priests answered: “We have no king but Caesar.” And they cried out the more, saying: “Let him be crucified.” And Pilate seeing that he prevailed nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, taking water washed his hands before the people, saying: “I am innocent of the blood of this, just man; look you to it.” And the whole people answering, said: “His blood be upon us and upon our children.” Then he released unto them Barabbas, but Jesus whom he had scourged he delivered unta them to be crucified. § 95. The “ Via dolorosaor the way to Mount Calvary , where Jesus is to he crucified. And after they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own garments on him, and they led him out to crucify him. And he went SIMON OF CYEENE 153 IY.] forth bearing his own cross, to that place which is called Calvary, hut in Hebrew, Golgotha. And they forced one Simon, a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and of Rufus, to take up his cross. And there followed him a great multitude of people, and of women, who bewailed and lamented him. But Jesus, turning to them, said: (ix. VIA CRUCIS.) JESUS HAS THE CROSS LAID UPON HIS SHOULDERS. According to the common practice in the execution of criminals, who were made to carry the cross on which they were to be executed to the place of execution, Jesus has the cross laid upon his shoulders, and is led away bearing it. L Jesus, exhausted by the loss of blood that he suffered from his agony in the garden and his scourging at the pillar, and worn down by his grief for the ingrati¬ tude of the people, falls for the first time under the weight of his cross. (m. VIA CRUCIS.) THE FIRST FALL OF JESUS UNDER THE WEIGHT OF HIS CROSS. 154 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART “ Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not over me; but weep for yourselves, and for your children. For behold, the days shall come, wherein they will say: ‘ Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that have not borne, and the breasts that have not given suckthen shall they begin to say to the mountains: ‘Fall upon us,’ and to the hills, ‘ Cover us.’ For if in the green wood they IV.] ARRIVAL AT MOUNT CALVARY. 155 do these tilings, what shall be done in the dry?” And there were also two other malefactors led with him to be put to death. § 96. Ills execution between two Thieves. Scenes around the Cross. And they bring him into the place called Golgotha, or Calvary. And they gave him to drink wine mingled (iv. VIA CKUCIS.) JESUS MEETS HIS MOST BLESSED MOTHER. The Blessed Virgin with the other holy women was waiting outside the judg¬ ment hall of Pilate -whilst the trial of Jesus -was going on; and as the throng of .spectators of the execution pass by on their way to Mount Calvary, she meets her divine Son bearing His cross, and falls to the ground in an agony of grief. 156 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHKIST. [PAEP with myrrh; but he took it not. And crucifying him, they divided his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take. And it was the third hour, and they crucified him. And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left. And the scripture was fulfilled which saith: “ and with the wicked he was reputed.” And Jesus said: u Father, forgive them, for they know (v. VIA CRUCIS. ) SIMON OF CYRENE IS FORCED TO HELP JESUS TO BEAR HIS CROSS. Simon was a labouring man who was returning to the city with some firewood for the feast, when the soldiers seized him and made him help to bear the Cross of Jesus. He is the pattern of all those who are called to bear the Cross of Jesus. 157 IV.] THE TITLE UPON THE CROSS. not what they do.” And Pilate wrote a title also^ and he put it upon the cross. And the writing was, Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews. This title there¬ fore many of the Jews did read, because the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city; and it was written in Hebrew, in Greek, and in Latin. Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate; (VT. VIA CRUCIS.) ST. VERONICA WIPES THE FACE OF JESUS WITH A NAPKIN. St. Veronica, one of the holy women who followed Jesns, seeing His agony and distress, makes her way through the soldiers, and wipes his face with a linen napkin. The napkin received miraculously the impression of the face of Jesus, and the relic is preserved up to this day at Rome. 158 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART “Write not, the King of the Jews; but that he said, I am the King of the Jews.” Pilate answered: “ What I have written, I have written.” The soldiers therefore, when they had crucified him, took his garments (and they made four parts, to every soldier a part), and also his coat. Now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. They said then one to another; (vn. VIA CRUCIS.) JESUS FALLS THE SECOND TIME UNDER BIS CROSS. From the fact thus preserved by tradition, that Jesus fell three times under his cross, it would seem that Simon of Cyrene was forced merely to help him, lest he might die under it, but that he was made to resume it again at different times. IY.] THE KOBE WITHOUT A SEAM. 159 u Let us not cut it, but let us cast lots for it, whose it shall bethat the scripture might be fulfilled, saying, “ They have parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture they have cast lots.” And the soldiers indeed did these things. And they that passed by blasphemed him, wagging their heads, and saying: “ Yah, thou that destroyest the temple of God, and in The first to sho-w some signs of feeling for the sufferings of Jesus are the women of Jerusalem, whom he bid not to weep for him but for themselves. His words were not many years after accomplished in the siege and destruction of the city. 160 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART three days dost rebuild it, save thy own self; if thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross.” In like manner also the chief priests, with the scribes and ancients, mocking, said: “ He saved others, himself he cannot save. If he be the king of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe him. (ix. VIA CRUCIS.) JESCS FALLS FOR THE THIRD TIME. The famine and distress that then came upon Jerusalem was such that mothers were known to kill and eat their own children, as Moses also before Christ had prophesied would come to pass. “ Thou shalt eat the flesh of thy sons and thy daughters in the distress and extremity wherewith thy enemy shall oppress thee.” — Deut., xxviii., 58. IY.] TAUNTS OF THE CHIEF PEIESTS AND PEOPLE. 161 He trusted in God, let him now deliver him if he will have him ; for he said, 4 1 am the Son of God.’ ” And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and ofifering him vinegar, and saying: “If thou he the king of the Jews, save thyself.” And the thieves also, who were crucified with him, reviled him. But as one of those robbers who were hanged blasphemed him, (X. VIACRUCIS.) JESDS IS STRIPPED OF HIS RAIMENT. Adam in Paradise was created without raiment, and by tasting the fruit of the forbidden tree he came to stand in need of it. Jesus about to be nailed on the tree of the cross to repair the first Adam’s sin, suffers the shame of nakedness which that sin first brought into the world. 162 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART saying: “If thou be Christ, save thyself and us;” the other answering, rebuked him, saying: “Neither dost thou fear God, seeing thou art under the same condemnation ? And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward of our deeds; but this man hath done no evil.” And he said to Jesus: “ Lord, remember me (xi. VIA CRUCIS.) JESUS IS NAILED TO THE CROSS. The ordinary way of executing a criminal upon the cross among the Jews was that which is here represented. The criminal was laid upon the cross, and nails were driven into his hands and feet; the cross was then reared up and moved to the hole in the ground destined to receive it, into which it was allowed to fall with the whole weight of the criminal’s body upon it increasing the shock. IY.] THE LOUD CEY OF JESUS UPON THE CEOSS. 16& when thou shalt come into thy kingdom.” And Jesus said to him: “Amen I say to thee, this day thou shalt be with me in paradise.” Now there stood by the cross of Jesus, his mother,, and his mother’s sister, Mary of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene. When Jesus therefore had seen his mother and the disciple standing whom he loved, he saith to his mother: “Woman, behold thy son.” After that,, he saith to the disciple: “ Behold thy mother.” And from that hour the disciple took her to his own. And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole earth until the ninth hour. And at the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying: “Eloi, Eloi, lamma sabacthani?” which is, being in¬ terpreted, “ My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me ?” And some of the standers by hearing, said: “ Behold he calleth Elias.” Afterwards, Jesus know¬ ing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, said: “I thirst.” Now there was a vessel set there full of vinegar. And they, putting a spunge full of vinegar about hyssop, put it to his mouth; and the others said: “Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to deliver him.” Jesus therefore, when he had taken the vinegar, said, “ It is- consummated.” And Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said: “ Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit;” and bowing his head, he gave up the ghost. And be¬ hold the veil of the temple was rent in two from the top even to the bottom, and the earth quaked, and the rocks were rent; and the graves were opened, and many bodies of the saints that had slept arose, and 164 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART coming out of the tombs after his resurrection, came into the holy city, and appeared to many. Now the centurion who stood over against him, seeing that crying out in this manner he had given up the ghost, glorified God, saying: “ Of a truth this man was the Son of God.” And all the multitude of them that were come together to that sight, and saw the things that were done, returned striking their breasts. And all his acquaintance and the women that had followed him from Galilee, stood afar ofi* beholding these things. And there were also women looking on afar off, among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joseph, and Salome ; who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered to him, and many other women that came up with him to Jerusalem. Then the Jews (because it was the parasceve), that the bodies might not remain upon the cross on the sabbath-day (for that was a great sabbath-day), be¬ sought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. The soldiers therefore came; and they broke the legs of the first, and of the other that was crucified with him. But after they were come to Jesus, when they saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. But one of the soldiers with a spear opened his side, and immediately there came out blood and water. And he that saw it hath given testimony, and his testimony is true; and he knoweth that he saith true, that you also may be¬ lieve. For these things were done, that the scripture might be fulfilled: “You shall not break a bone of IY.] THE SIDE OF JESUS IS PIEECED WITH A SPEAE. 165 him.” And again, another scripture saith: “They shall look on him whom they pierced.” And after these things, Joseph of Arimathea, a noble counsellor^ who was also himself looking for the kingdom of God (because he was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly, for •(xil. VIA CRUCIS.) JESDS DIES UPON THE CROSS. fear of the Jews), came and went in boldly to Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus. But Pilate wondered that he should be already dead. And sending for the centurion, he asked him if he were already dead. 166 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST, [part § 97. Jesus is taken down from the Cross. And when he had understood it by the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph. And Joseph buying fine linen, and taking him down, wrapped him up in the fine (xill. VIA CKUCIS.) JESUS IS PREPARED FOR BURIAL. linen. And Nicodemus also came, he who at the first came to Jesus by night, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight. They took therefore the body of Jesus, and bound it in linen •cloths with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury. Now there was in the place where he was cru- IV.] JESUS IS LAID m THE T0HB. 167 cified, a garden, and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein no man yet had been laid. There therefore, because of the parasceve of the Jews, they laid Jesus, because it was nigh at hand. And he rolled a large (XI Y. VIA CRCCIS.) JESUS IS LAID IX THE TOME. stone to the door of the sepulchre. And it was the day of the parasceve, and the sabbath drew on. § 98. Late on the Friday the Holy Women prepare spices. And the women that were come with him from Galilee, following after saw the sepulchre, and how his body was laid. And returning, they prepared spices and 168 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART ointments; and they rested on the sabbath-day, ac¬ cording to the commandment. § 99. The Chief Priests beg for a guard of Soldiers. The day which followed the day of preparation, the chief priests and the Pharisees came together to Pilate, saying: “ Sir, we have remembered that that seducer said while he was yet alive, ' c After three days I will rise again.’ Command therefore the sepulchre to be guarded until the third day; lest perhaps his disciples come and steal him away, and say to the people : ‘ He is risen from the dead;’ and the last error shall be worse than the first.” Pilate saith to them: “You have a guard; go, guard it as you know.” And they departing, made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone, and setting guards. § 100. Late on the Saturday evening Mary Magdcdene and other women come to the Sejpulchre. And towards the end of the sabbath, when it began to dawn towards the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary, to see the sepul¬ chre. And when the sabbath was past, they brought sweet spices, that coming, they might anoint Jesus. Note.— According to the Jewish mode of reckoning time, the Sabbath ended with the sunset, and the first day of the week then began. The order of events, that followed the resurrection may he briefly explained thus : St. Mary Magdalene was probably the first of those who went with spices to the sepulchre before it was light on the Sunday morning, and was shortly afterwards followed by others who probably came from other parts of the town. Not finding the body of Jesus, St.. Mary Magdalene was the first to run to give intelligence to Peter, the others fol¬ lowed after. Peter and John run to the sepulchre. Meanwhile St. Mary Magda¬ lene returns to the sepulchre, and there Jesus appears to her. Afterwards He appeared to the other holy women. IV.] THE RESURRECTION. 169 § 101. Jesus rises again from the dead. And bell old there was a great earthquake. For an angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and coming,, rolled back the stone, and sat upon it. And for fear of him the guards were struck with terror and became as dead men. # TWO ANGELS IN SINNING KOBES DECLARE HIM RISEN. § 102. The Holy Women visit the Sepulchre. And on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene cometh early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre; and she saw the stone taken away from the sepulchre. * Matthew, xxviii., 2, 4. M 170 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHJtlST. f*PART On the first day of the week also, very early in the morning, the other holy women came to the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had prepared. And they found the stone rolled back from the sepulchre. And going in, they found not the body of the Lord Jesus. And it came to pass, as they were astonished in their mind at this, behold, two men stood by them, in shining apparel. And as they were afraid, and bowed down their countenance towards the ground, they said unto them: “Why seek you the living with the dead ? He is not here, but is risen. Bemember how he spoke unto you, when he was yet in Galilee, saying: * The son of man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again/ ” And they remembered his words. Mary in the mean time, running, cometh to Simon Peter, and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved, and saith to them: “ They have taken away the Lord out of the sepulchre, and we know not where they have laid him.” The others also, going back from the sepulchre, told all these things to the eleven, and to all the rest. And it was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary of James, and the other women that were with them, who told these things to the apostles. And these words seemed as idle tales; and they did not believe them. § 103 . Peter and John mm to the sepulchre to see what has happened. Peter therefore went out, and that other disciple, and they came to the sepulchre. And they both ran together, and that other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulchre. And when he stooped Luke, xxiv. Johjt xx, IV.] JESUS APPEARS TO MARY MAGDALENE. 171 down, he saw the linen cloths lying; but yet he went not in. Then cometh Simon Peter, following him, and went into the sepulchre, and saw the linen cloths lying. And the napkin that had been about his head, not lying with the linen cloths, but apart, wrapt up into one place. Then that other disciple also went in, who came first to the sepulchre: and he saw, and believed. Por as yet they knew not the scripture, that he must rise again from the dead. The disciples therefore departed again to their home. § 104 . He appears to Mary Magdalene. But Mary, who had now come back to the sepulchre, stood without, weeping. Now as she was weeping, she stooped down, and looked into the sepulchre. And she saw two angels in white, sitting, one at the head, and one at the feet, where the body of Jesus had been laid. They say to her: “Woman, why weepest thou?” She saith to them: “ Because they have taken away my Lord; and I know not where they have laid him.” When she had thus said, she turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing; and she knew not that it was Jesus. Jesus saith to her : “ Woman, why weepest thou ? Whom seekest thou?” She, think¬ ing that it was the gardener, saith to him: “ Sir, if thou hast taken him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away.” Jesus saith to her: “ Mary.” She turning, saith to him: “ Rabboni ” (which is to say, Master). Jesus saith to her: “ Bo not touch me, for I am not yet ascended to my Father, but go to my brethren, and say to them, I ascend to J OHN XX. 172 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.” Mary Magdalene cometh and telleth the disciples: u I have seen the Lord, and these things he said to me.” JESUS APPEARS TO MARY MAGDALENE. § 105. He appears to another Company of Holy Women. And very early in the morning, the first day of the week, they come to the sepulchre, the sun being now risen. And they said one to another: u Who shall roll us back the stone from the door of the sepulchre?” And looking, they saw the stone rolled back. For it was very great. And entering into the sepulchre, they John, xx., 11—18. IV.] JESUS APPEARS TO THE HOLY WOMEN. 173 saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed with a white robe: and they were astonished. Who saith to them: “ Be not affrighted; you seek Jesus of Nazareth, JESUS APPEARS TO THE COMPANY OF HOLY WOMEN. who was crucified; he is risen, he is not here, behold the place where they laid him. But go, tell his disciples and Peter that he goeth before you into Galilee; there you shall see him, as he told you.” But they going out, fled from the sepulchre. For a trembling and fear had seized them: and they said nothing to any man; for they were afraid. And 174 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART while they were running to tell his disciples, behold Jesus met them, saying : “ All hail.” But they came up and took hold of his feet and adored him. Then Jesus said to them : “ Fear not. Go, tell my brethren that they go into Galilee, there they shall see me.” * § 106. The Chief Priests bribe the Soldiers to spread a false story. And behold some of the guards came into the city, and told the chief priests all things that had been done. And they being assembled together with the ancients, taking counsel, gave a great sum of money to the soldiers, saying: “ Say you, His disciples came by night* and stole him away when we were asleep. And if the governor shall hear of this, we will persuade him and secure you.” So they taking the money, did as they were taught: and this word was spread abroad among the Jews even unto this day.f § 107. He appears to two Disciples , on then way to Enimaus. And behold, two of them went, the same day, to a town which was sixty furlongs from Jerusalem, named Emmaus. And it came to pass, that Jesus himself also drawing near, went with them. But their eyes were held, that they should not know Him. And He said to them: “ What axe these discourses that you hold one with another as you walk, and are sad ? ” And one of them, whose name was Cleophas, answer¬ ing, said to Him: “Art Thou only a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not known the things which have been done there in these days?” To whom he said: “What things ? ” And they said: “ Concerning * Matthew, xxviii. t Make, xvi. [lV. THE JOURNEY TO EMMAUS. 175 Jesus of Hazareth, wlio was a prophet, mighty in work and word before God and all the people; and how our chief priests and princes delivered Him to be condemned to death, and crucified Him. But we hoped that it was He that should have redeemed Israel: and now besides all this, to-day is the third day since these things were done. Yea and certain women also of our company affrighted us, who before it was light, were at the sepulchre, and not finding His body, came, say¬ ing, that they had also seen a vision of angels, who say that He is alive. And some of our people went to the sepulchre, and found it so as the women had said, but Him they found not.” Then He said to them: “ 0 foolish, and slow of heart to believe in all things which the prophets have spoken. Ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and so to enter into His glory ? ” And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, He expounded to them in all the scriptures, the things that were concerning Him. And they drew nigh to the town, whither they were going; and he made as though he would go farther. But they constrained Him; saying: “ Stay with us, because it is towards evening, and the day is now far spent. And He went in with them. And it came to pass, whilst He was at table with them, He took bread, and blessed, and brake, and gave to them. And their eyes were opened, and they knew Him: and He vanished out of their sight. And they said one to the other: “Was not our heart burning within us, whilst He spoke in the way, and opened to us the scriptures?” And rising up, the same hour, they went back to Luke, xxiv. 176 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. [PART Jerusalem: and they found the eleven gathered to¬ gether, and those that were with them, saying: “ The Lord is risen indeed, and hath appeared to Simon.” And they told what things were done in the way; and how they knew Him in the breaking of bread. THE JOURNEY TO EMMAUS. § 108. Jesus appears to the ten Disciples , who at first are f rightened, and think that they have seen a spirit. He gives them the power of re¬ mitting and retaining sins. Thomas, who is absent , disbelieves* Now Thomas, one of the twelve, who is called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came. The other disciples therefore said to him: u We have seem * John, xx. IY.] THE UNBELIEF OF ST, THOMAS. 17 T the Lord.” But he said to them: “ Except I shall see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the place of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe.” And after eight days again His disciples were within, and Thomas JESUS APPEARS TO HIS UNBELIEVING DISCIPLE. with them. Jesus cometh, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said: “Peace be to you.” Then He saith to Thomas: “ Put in thy finger hither, and see my hands; and bring hither thy hand, and put it into my side; and be not faithless, but believing.” 178 LIFE AND PASSION OP JESUS CHRIST. [p Art V / Thomas answered, and said to Him : “ My Lord and my Grod. Jesus saith to him: “Because thou hast seen me, Thomas, thou hast believed : blessed are they that have not seen, and have believed.” § 109. The Disciples go into Galilee , and Jesus appears to them by the seaside , and gives to Peter the charge of His sheep and of His lambs > thus constituting him His Vicar upon earth. After this, Jesus showed himself again to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias. And He showed himself after this manner. There were together Simon Peter, and Thomas, who is called Hidymus, and Nathaniel, who was of Cana of Gralilee, and the sons of Zebedee, and two others of his disciples. Simon Peter saith to them: “I go a fishing.” They say to him: “We also come with thee.” And they went forth, and entered into the ship: and that night they caught nothing. But when the morning was come, Jesus stood on the shore: yet the disciples knew not that it was Jesus. Jesus therefore said to them : “ Children, have you any meat P ” They answered Him: “ No.” He saith to them : “ Cast the net on the right side of the ship, and you shall find.” They cast therefore; and now they were not able to draw it, for the multitude of fishes. That disciple therefore whom Jesus loved, said to Peter: “ It is the Lord.” Simon Peter, when he heard that it was the Lord, girt his coat about him (for he was naked), and cast himself into the sea. But the other disciples came in the ship (for they were not far from the land, but as it were two hundred cubits), dragging the net with fishes. As soon then as they came to John. xx. tv.j JESUS APPOINTS PETER HIS VICAR. 179 land, they saw hot coals lying, and a fish laid thereon, and bread. Jesus saith to them : “ Bring hither of the fishes which you have now caught. Simon Peter went up, and drew the net to land, full of great fishes, one hundred and fifty-three. And although there were so many, the net was not broken. Jesus saith to them: “ Come and dine.” And none of them who were at meat, durst ask Him: “ "Who art Thou ? ” knowing that it was the Lord. And Jesus cometh and taketh bread, and giveth them, and fish in like manner. This is now the third time that Jesus was manifested to His disciples, after he was risen from the dead. Wlien therefore they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter: “Simon, son of John, lovest thou me more than these?” He saith to Him: “ Yea, Lord, thou knowest that I love Thee.’' He saith to him: “ Feed my lambs.” And after He had said this the second time, He said to him again the third time: “ Simon, son of John, lovest thou me P ” Peter was grieved, because He had said to him the third time: “ Lovest thou me ? ” And he said to Him: “ Lord, Thou knowest all things: Thou knowest that I love Thee.” He said to him: “ Feed my sheep. Amen, amen, I say to thee, when thou wast younger, thou didst gird thyself, and didst walk where thou wouldest, but when thou shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee and lead thee whither thou wouldest not. And this He said, signifying by what death he should glorify God. And when He had said this, He saith to him: “ Follow me.” Peter turning about, saw that disciple whom 180 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESITS CHRIST. [PART Jesus loved following, who also leaned on His breast at supper, and said: “Lord, who is he that shall betray Thee ?” Him therefore when Peter had seen, he saith to Jesus: “ Lord, and what shall this man do?” Jesus saith to himi “So I will have him to remain till I come, what is it to thee? follow thou me.”* THE MISSION OF THE APOSTLES INTO THE WHOLE WORLD, ACCORDING TO HIS PROMISE. § 110. Jesus appears on the mountain in Galilee , and sends his Disciples . into the whole ivorld. And Jesus coming, spoke to them, saying: “All power is given to me in heaven and in earth. Going therefore, teach ye all nations; baptizing them in the John, xxi. L IV.] THE ASCENSION. 181 name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Teaching them to observe all things what¬ soever I have commanded yon: and behold I am with you all days, even to the consummation of the world.” JESUS ASCENDS INTO HEAVEN TO SIT ON THE RIGHT HAND OF THE FATHER. § 111. He appears the last time in Jerusalem. Lastly, when the eleven were at table, He appeared to them and upbraided them with their incredulity and hardness of heart, because they did not believe them who had seen Him after He was risen again. And He said to them: “These are the words which 1 Matthew, xxviii. DOES NOT CIRCULATE 182 LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHllIST. spoke to you, while I was yet with you, that all things must needs be fulfilled, which are written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, con¬ cerning me. Then He opened their understanding, that they might understand the Scriptures. And He said to them: “Thus it is written, and thus it be¬ hoved Christ to suffer, and to rise again from the dead the third day. And eating together with them, He commanded them, that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but should wait for the promise of the Father, which you have heard (saith he) by my mouth. For John indeed baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost, . not many days hence. And leading them out to Bethany He blessed them. But they asked Him, saying: “ Lord, wilt Thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel ? ” He said to them: “ It is not for you to know the times or moments, which the Father hath put in His own power: but you shall receive the power of the Holy Ghost coming upon you and you shall be witnesses unto me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and Samaria, and even to the uttermost part of the earth.” And when He had said these things, while they looked on, He was raised up, and a cloud received Him out of their sight. And while they were beholding Him two men stood by them in white garments, who also said : “ Ye men of Galilee, why stand you looking up to heaven ? This Jesus who is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come, as you have seen Him going into heaven.” END OF THE LIFE AND PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. Mask, xvi. Acts, i. , BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OE THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST, (ACCORDING TO FRANCISCUS XAVERI11S PATRITIUS.) 36th Year of the Empire of Augustus The whole world at peace, and the temple of Janus shut The Annunciation, and the visit to St. Elizabeth The Birth of St. John the Baptist The Hesitation of St. Joseph The Enrolment of Judea is begun The Birth of Jesus Christ The Circumcision of Jesus Christ The Presentation of Jesus Christ in the Temple The Holy Family returns to Nazareth They change their abode to Bethlehem The arrival of the Magi (precise year not known—probably when Jesus was entering on his second year) The Flight into Egypt, and the Murder of the Holy Innocents Herod the Great, having murdered his son Antipater, dies The Holy Family quit Egypt, and being unable to settle in Bethlehem, return to Nazareth 25 th March 25th June 25th Decern Der 1st January 2nd February 6th Januarv April In the beginning of the Summer BEGINNING OF THE COMMON ERA, ANNO DOMINI I. Jesus has attained his seventh year. Herod Archelaus driven into banishment, Publius Sulpicius Quirinus comes as Proprietor, and Judea is made part of the province of Syria Jesus at twelve years of age comes up with His Mother and St. Joseph to the Temple, to keep the feast of the Pasch Augustus Csesar dies, and Tiberius becomes the Roman Emperor Jesus is twenty-one years of age Caiphas obtains the High Priesthood from Valerius Gratus, the Roman Governor Jesus completes His thirtieth year, and Pontius Pilate succeeds Valerius Gratus as Governor of Judea The fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar over the Provinces Summer Middle of March September ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST Begins to preach, and to give testimony of Him. Jesus Christ is baptized, and goes into the Desert Temptation by the Devil Marriage feast at Cana Commencement of the public Ministry of Jesus Christ His journey to Jerusalem THE FIRST PASCH OF HIS PUBLIC MINISTRY, In His thirty-second year. Casts the buyers and sellers out of the Temple Nicodemus comes by night December ’8 Year before the common era. 7 0 5 3 Common Christian Era. 1 0 7 14 17 24 25 26 r » He passes through Samaria < Year of the Christian Call of Peter and Andrew, James and John Takes up his abode on the borders of the Sea of Tiberias Preaches in the synagogues and cities of Galilee Sermon on the Mount Era. Call ef St. Matthew SECOND PASCH OF HIS PUBLIC MINISTRY. 27 {No certain record of having been present at this Pasch in Jerusalem•) The number of the Apostles completed to twelve \ The Widow’s son of Nain restored to life •n ' St. John in prison beheaded ) « Jesus goes up to Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles Journey by the Lake to Gadara: cure of a demoniac Christ rejected at Nazareth Mission of the twelve Apostles Autumn 2S Miracle of the five loaves Discourse on the Holy Eucharist THIRD PASCH OF HIS PUBLIC MINISTRY. Jesus does not go up to Jerusalem, because the Pharisees are on the look-out to put him to death. Journey to Tyre and Sidon Journey to Cesarea Philippi Transfiguration Journey through the cities of Galilee Sets out to Jerusalem for the feast of Tabernacles Mission of the Seventy disciples Journey through the cities beyond the Jordan Autumn The Feast of Tabernacles \leaves Jerusalem, and returns for The Feast of the Dedication 1 Winter Lazarus raised to life at Bethany First council of Pharisees who seek to kill him He retires to Ephrem He arrives at Jericho : Zaccheus He arrives at Bethany Enters Jerusalem on the first day of the Holy Week Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, spent in teaching in the Temple Judas takes the bribe of the chief priests, to betray him Thursday evening. Institution of the Holy Eucharist and the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, and Agony in the garden Friday, seizure, trial, condemnation, and death of Jesus upon the Cross, and burial, in the thirty-fifth year of his age FOURTH PASCH. (Sabbath.) Lies in the Tomb, during the great day of the Feast First day of the week rises from the dead early in the morning, and ! appears to His blessed Mother, St. Mary Magdalene, and other holy April 29 women, then to Simon Peter and others Journey to Emmaus. He remains forty days on earth, con- “ versing with His disciples of things pertaining to the establish¬ ment of the Church, and the conversion of the nations of the world St. Peter appointed to the Primacy, and mission of the eleven into the whole world i * * Ascension into Heaven. i ROBSON AND SONS, PRINTERS, PANCRAS ROAD, N.W. Date Due s 1 ■ 21 ’ H rot M »// 7 BOSTON COLLEGE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS CHESTNUT HILL* MASS. 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