FOURTH OF JULY ORATION 
 
 The AhiERiCiAN Mind 
 
 B\' 
 
 REV. CHARLES W, LYONS, S, J, 
 
 923 
 
 F73-Z6 
 

C. li/. /C^fiT^ Jj , 
 
ORATION 
 
 THE AMERICAN MIND 
 
 BY 
 
 REV. CHARLES W. LYONS, S. J. 
 
 DELIVERED BEFORE THE CITY GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENS OF BOSTON 
 
 IN FANEUIL HALL, ON THE ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH 
 
 ANNIVERSARY OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 
 
 OF THESE UNITED STATES, JULY 4, 1923 
 
 CITY OF BOSTON 
 
 PRINTING DEPARTMENT 
 1923 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2011 with funding from 
 
 Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/orationamericanmOOIyon 
 
THE AMERICAN MIND. 
 
 FOURTH OF July Oration, 1923. 
 
 By Rev. Charles W. Lyons, S. J. 
 
 In the evolution of any life, whether it be that 
 of an individual or of that corporate moral union 
 we know as society, there are times when it seems 
 fitting and proper to pause from the whirl of in- 
 cessant activities, turn aside from accustomed line 
 of thought, and let the mind run sweetly and lov- 
 ingly over a treasured past. 
 
 And today our beloved country, in the fulness 
 of her achievement, with the memories of one 
 hundred and forty-seven years, one hundred and 
 forty-seven golden years, lived only that her children 
 might grow, as from eternity the Creator had des- 
 tined them to grow, in the full security of rights 
 that are inalienable. 
 
 Today our beloved country turns to us children 
 of a later generation and pleads that we follow 
 this generous impulse of nature, and tarry for the 
 moment, while she lives over again the thoughts 
 and emotions and heroic sacrifices that gave her 
 birth. 
 
 They were not new thoughts or unknown emo- 
 tions. As John Quincy Adams so well remarked 
 
4 FOURTH OF JULY ORATION. 
 
 in his scholarly discburse on the Jubilee of the 
 Constitution: "The Declaration of Independence 
 and the Constitution of the United States are parts 
 of one constant whole, founded upon one and the 
 same theory of government, then new not as a 
 theory, for it had been working itself into the mind 
 of man for many ages, but it had never before been 
 adopted by a great nation." 
 
 Moses, as narrated in Deuteronomy, had charged 
 the judges in Israel: "There shall be no difference 
 of persons; you shall hear the little as well as the 
 great; neither shall you respect any man's person, 
 because it is the judgment of God." 
 
 Aristotle had taught that, "the State is not 
 merely an institution for repressing vice, but a 
 necessary formation for the full development of 
 humanity." 
 
 In the Magna Charter the germ of true liberty and 
 equality is seen in the pledges of the king to his 
 people: "We will not set forth against any freeman, 
 nor send against him, unless by the lawful judgment 
 of his peers and by the law of the land; to no one 
 will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right 
 or justice." 
 
 The mediaeval councils, the military orders, the 
 guilds, followed centuries after by the contract of 
 the Pilgrim Fathers made in the cabin of the "May- 
 flower" in which they "covenanted and com- 
 bined themselves into a civil body politic for their 
 better order and preservation," as well as the 
 
FOURTH OF JULY ORATION. 5 
 
 charters of the Providence Plantations, of Virginia, 
 and of Maryland, had accustomed the people to 
 joint action of mutual compact and deliberate agree- 
 ment in defense of liberty and justice which, after 
 all, is the mother of democracy. 
 
 While the schoolmen, with scarcely an excep- 
 tion, as Sidwick tells us, taught that, "govern- 
 ments derive their just powers from the consent of 
 the governed." 
 
 "Every constitution," says Nicholas of Cusa, 
 three and a half centuries before the Declaration of 
 Independence, "is rooted in natural law and cannot 
 be valid if it contradicts it." 
 
 "Since all are free by nature," he continues, "all 
 government, whether by written law or a prince, 
 is based solely on the agreement and consent of the 
 subject. For if by nature men are equally power- 
 ful and free, true and ordered power in the hands 
 of one can be established only by the election and 
 consent of the others, just as law also is established 
 by consent." 
 
 "It is clear, therefore," he adds, "that the bind- 
 ing validity of all constitutions is based on tacit 
 and expressed agreement and consent." 
 
 And although Elizabeth had asserted in 1585 that 
 "kings and princes sovereign owe their homage 
 and service only to Almighty God," and James 
 defended the Divine Right of Kings, and the Uni- 
 versity of Cambridge, in its address to Charles II, 
 had declared that they believed and maintained 
 
6 FOURTH OF JULY ORATION. 
 
 that "our kings derive not their title from the 
 people but from God," "Defenders of Liberty" 
 were not wanting, Bellarmine declaring boldly, as 
 Sir Robert Filmer tells us, that "secular or civil 
 power is instituted by men ; it is in the people unless 
 they bestow it on a prince. This power is im- 
 mediately in the whole multitude as in the subject 
 of it. For this power is in the Divine Law, but the 
 Divine Law hath given this power to no particular 
 men; if the positive law be taken away, there is 
 left no reason why amongst a multitude (who are 
 equal) one rather than another should bear rule over 
 the rest. Power is given by the multitude to one 
 man or to more by the same law of nature; for the 
 commonwealth cannot exercise this power, there- 
 fore it is bound to bestow it upon some one man or 
 some few. It depends upon the consent of the 
 multitude to ordain over themselves a king or consul 
 or other magistrates. And if there be a lawful 
 cause, the multitude may change the kingdom 
 into an aristocracy or democracy." 
 
 These thoughts and emotions, expressed and re- 
 expressed by the writers, philosophers and political 
 leaders of their day, had seeped down through the 
 ages unactuated, mere themes for academic specu- 
 lation, until they filtered into the minds and souls 
 of those simple, yet truly great men, who, in signing 
 the Declaration of Independence, gave birth to the 
 nation we so rightfully cherish and so lovingly 
 serve. 
 
FOURTH OF JULY ORATION. 7 
 
 In a letter to his friend Henry Lee, dated May 8, 
 1825, Jefferson, as if in confirmation of what we 
 have just held, notes that the object of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence was "not to find out new 
 principles, or new arguments, never before thought 
 of, not merely to say things which had never before 
 been said; but to place before mankind the com- 
 mon sense of the subject in terms so plain and firm 
 as to command their assent and to justify ourselves 
 in the independent stand we are compelled to take. 
 Neither aiming at originality of principle or senti- 
 ment, nor yet copied from any particular or previous 
 writing, it was intended to be an expression of the 
 American mind, and to give to that expression the 
 proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion. 
 All its authority rests then on the harmonizing 
 sentiments of the day, whether expressed in con- 
 versation, in letters, printed essays, or in the ele- 
 mentary books of public right, as Aristotle, Cicero, 
 Locke, Sidney, etc." 
 
 What, then, was this American mind, that, amid 
 problems vexed and theories varied, had sifted the 
 wisdom and folly of the past, discerning the true 
 from the false, the good from the evil, and "of 
 which," Jefferson was pleased to say, "the Decla- 
 ration of Independence was intended to be an 
 expression?" And what, again, was "the proper 
 tone and spirit called for by the occasion" that the 
 Declaration of Independence was to give to this 
 expression of the American mind? 
 
8 FOURTH OF JULY ORATION. 
 
 If we look more closely at the type of men whose 
 united action founded our nation the answer to 
 this question will not be far to seek. They, like 
 many of us here today, were either immigrants or 
 the immediate descendants of immigrants. They 
 differed in origin, in education, in race, and in 
 creed. They had the traditions, the affections, the 
 prejudices of their times and of their peoples. Yet 
 in common they had left home and country, led on 
 by a vision or an ideal that made a fitting basis 
 for the union that was to come. They would 
 break away from an effete civilization; they would 
 start life anew, freed from the tyranny of unjust 
 laws; they would enjoy liberty to worship their 
 God according to the dictates of their own con- 
 science; they would exercise, without unwarranted 
 interference, their natural and inalienable right to the 
 pursuit of happiness. 
 
 Crossing, as they did, the same unknown seas, 
 buffeted by the same winds and waves, coming to 
 the same uncultivated, though not inhospitable 
 shores, their difficulties, their interests, their common 
 foe, drew them together in mutual helpfulness, 
 in united enterprise, and in common defense. 
 
 Thus they came to know one another; thus they 
 learned to bear with one another; thus they grew to 
 love one another; and understanding, and toler- 
 ance, and brotherly love developed the American 
 mind. So that, when the occasion arose, in proper 
 tone and spirit, it expressed itself in the immortal 
 
FOURTH OF JULY ORATION. 9 
 
 Declaration of Independence that solved the specu- 
 lative problems of the past, secured full enjoyment 
 of liberty for its people, and gave hope and inspira- 
 tion to all mankind and for all time. 
 
 And shall we mar the beauty of her gift? Shall 
 we, forgetting our com^mon interests, our common 
 enterprises, our comimon foes, destroy the unity of 
 purpose and of action that is essential for individual 
 and national prosperity? Shall we, by misunder- 
 standing, by intolerance and hatred, sully the luster 
 of our heritage, breaking the bondage of brother- 
 hood? 
 
 Ours is a most responsible trust. We must 
 hand it down to posterity sacred and intact. Capi- 
 tal must make truce with labor; labor must make 
 pact with capital; each must measure even in the 
 scales of justice. The rights — inalienable rights — 
 of man to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, 
 must not be infringed. The rights — natural and 
 civic rights — of property must not be denied. 
 Class prejudices, racial pride, assumed superiority, 
 must be dislodged from the minds of men, that 
 justice may function and equality and the dignity 
 of human nature be sustained. 
 
 The home must be safeguarded, and its sanctity 
 preserved, that our children be protected and grow 
 
 — as nature destined them to grow — in wisdom and 
 grace before God and man. 
 
 The school — the private and the public school 
 
 — free as speech and the press are free — must be 
 
10 FOURTH OF JULY ORATION. 
 
 encouraged that our citizens may understand the 
 Constitution and our laws, and in the full develop- 
 ment of their intellectual faculties realize the 
 burdens as well as the privileges of representative 
 government. 
 
 The church, the House of God, must have its 
 place of respect, that our children may continue 
 moral and grow in reveretice for authority and for 
 the divine and human law. 
 
 As Hamilton wrotfe to Washington, on the occa- 
 sion of his farewell address: "In all those disposi- 
 tions which promote political happiness, religion 
 and morality are essential props." 
 
 This, I take it, is the message our beloved country 
 would send to us today. That we be men of Ameri- 
 can mind, the mind that expressed itself in the 
 Declaration of Independence, the mind that was 
 born of understanding, tolerance, and brotherly 
 love, the mind that didn't hesitate to say, in the 
 closing words of the great document that gave to 
 us our nation, "For the support of this declaration, 
 with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine 
 Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our 
 lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor." 
 
A. LIST 
 
 OF 
 
 BOSTON MUNICIPAL ORATORS, 
 
 By C. W. ERNST. 
 
BOSTON ORATORS 
 
 Appointed by the Municipal Authoeities. 
 
 For the Anniversary of the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770. 
 
 Note. — The Fifth of March orations were published in handsome quarto editions, 
 now very scarce; also collected in book form in 1785 and again in 1807. The oration 
 of 1776 was delivered in Watertown. 
 
 1771. — LovELL, James. 
 
 1772. — Warren, Joseph.^ 
 
 1773. — Church, Benjamin.^ 
 
 1774. — Hancock, John.*^ 
 
 1775. — Warren, Joseph. 
 
 1776. — Thacher, Peter. 
 
 1777. — Highborn, Benjamin. 
 
 1778. — Austin, Jonathan Williams. 
 1779. — Tudor, William. 
 
 1780. — Mason, Jonathan, Jun. 
 
 1781. — Dawes, Thomas, Jun. 
 
 1782. — Minot, George Richards. 
 1783. — Welsh, Thomas. 
 
 For the Anniversary oj National Independence, July 4, 1776. 
 
 Note. — A collected edition, or a full collection, of these orations has not been made. 
 For the names of the orators, as officially printed on the title pages of the orations, see 
 the Municipal Register of 1890. 
 
 1783. — Warren, John.^ 
 
 1784. — Hichborn, Benjamin. 
 
 1785. — Gardner, John. 
 
 a Reprinted in Newport, R. I., 1774, 8vo., 19 pp. 
 
 b A third edition was published in 1773. 
 
 1 Reprinted in Warren's Life. The orations of 1783 to 1786 were published in large 
 quarto; the oration of 1787 appeared in octavo; the oration of 1788 was printed in small 
 quarto; all succeeding orations appeared in octavo, with the exceptions stated under 1863 
 and 1876. 
 
14 APPENDIX. 
 
 1786. — Austin, Jonathan Loring. 
 
 1787. — Dawes, Thomas, Jun. 
 
 1788. — Otis, Harrison Gray. 
 
 1789. — Stillman, Samuel. 
 
 1790. — Gray, Edward. 
 
 1791. — Crafts, Thomas, Jun. 
 
 1792. — Blake, Joseph, Jun.^ 
 
 1793. — Adams, John Quincy.^ 
 
 1794. — Phillips, John. 
 
 1795. — Blake, George. 
 
 1796. — Lathrop, John, Jun. 
 
 1797. — Callender, John. 
 
 1798. — quincy, j0siah.2> 3 
 
 1799. — Lowell, John, Jun.^ 
 
 1800. — Hall, Joseph. 
 
 1801. — Paine, Charles. 
 
 1802. — Emerson, William. 
 
 1803. — Sullivan, William. 
 
 1804. — Danforth, Thomas.*^ 
 
 1805. — Button, Warren. 
 
 1806. — Channing, Francis Dana.* 
 
 1807. — Thacher, Peter.2, s 
 
 1808. — Ritchie, Andrew, Jun.* 
 
 1809. — Tudor, William, Jun.* 
 
 1810. — TowNSEND, Alexander. 
 
 1811. — Savage, James.* 
 
 1812. — Pollard, Benjamin.* 
 
 1813. — Livermore, Edward St. Loe. 
 
 ' Passed to a second edition. 
 
 'Delivered another oration in 1826. Quincy's oration of 1798 was reprinted, also, 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
 ♦ Not printed. 
 
 ' On February 26, 1811, Peter Thacher's name was changed to Peter Oxenbridge Thacher. 
 (List of Persons whose Names have been Changed in Massachusetts, 1780-1892, p. 21.) 
 
APPENDIX. 15 
 
 1814. — Whitwell, Benjamin. 
 
 1815. — Shaw, Lemuel. 
 
 1816. — ■ Sullivan, George.^ 
 
 1817. — Channing, Edward Ttrrel. 
 
 1818. — Gray, Francis Galley. 
 
 1819. — Dexter, Franklin. 
 
 1820. — Lyman, Theodore, Jun. 
 1821. — LoRiNG, Charles Grebly.^ 
 
 1822. — Gray, John Chipman. 
 
 1823. — Curtis, Charles Pelham.'' 
 
 1824. — Bassett, Francis. 
 
 1825. — Sprague, Charles.® 
 
 1826. — QuiNCY, Josiah.'' 
 
 1827. — Mason, William Powell. 
 
 1828. — Sumner, Bradford. 
 
 1829. — Austin, James Trecothick. 
 
 1830. — Everett, Alexander Hill. 
 
 1831. — Palfrey, John Gorham. 
 
 1832. — QuiNCY, JosiAii, Jun. 
 
 1833. — Prescott, Edward Goldsborough. 
 
 1834. — Fay, Richard Sullivan. 
 
 1835. — Hillard, George Stillman. 
 
 1836. — Kinsman, Henry Willis. 
 
 1837. — Chapman, Jonathan. 
 
 1838. — WiNSLow, Hubbard. " The Means of the Per- 
 
 petuity and Prosperity of our Republic." 
 
 1839. — Austin, Ivers James. 
 
 1840. — Power, Thomas. 
 
 1841. — Curtis, George Ticknor.^ "The True Uses 
 
 of American Revolutionary History." 
 
 1842. — Mann, Horace.® 
 
 * Six editions up to 1831. Reprinted also in his Life and Letters. 
 ' Reprinted in his Municipal History of Boston. See 1798. 
 
 8 Delivered another oration in 1882. 
 
 9 There are five or more editions; only one by the City. 
 
16 APPENDIX. 
 
 1843. — Adams, Chaeles Francis. 
 
 1844. — Chandler, Peleg Whitman. "The Morals of 
 
 Freedom." 
 
 1845. — Sumner, Charles.^" "The True Grandeur of 
 
 Nations." 
 
 1846. — Webster, Fletcher. 
 
 1847. — Gary, Thomas Greaves. 
 
 1848. — Giles, Joel. "Practical Liberty." 
 
 1849. — Greenough, William Whitwell. "The Con- 
 
 quering Republic." 
 1850. — Whipple, Edwin Percy.^^ "Washington and 
 the Principles of the Revolution." 
 
 1851. — Russell, Charles Theodore. 
 
 1852. — King, Thomas Starr. "The Organization 
 
 of Liberty on the Western Continent. "^^ 
 
 1853. — Bigelow, Timothy.12 
 
 1854. — Stone, Andrew Leete.^ "The Struggles of 
 
 American History." 
 
 1855. — Miner, Alonzo Ames. 
 
 1856. — Parker, Edward Griffin. "The Lesson of 
 
 76 to the Men of '56." 
 
 1857. — Alger, William Rounseville.^* "The Genius 
 
 and Posture of America." 
 
 1858. — Holmes, John Somers.^ 
 
 1859. — Sumner, George.^' ^ 
 
 1860. — Everett, Edward. 
 
 1861. — Parsons, Theophilus. 
 
 1862. — Curtis, Thomas Ticknor.* 
 
 1863. — Holmes, Oliver Wendell.^^ 
 
 M Passed through three editions in Boston and one in London, and was answered in a 
 pamphlet, Remarks upon an Oration delivered by Charles Sumner .... July 4th, 
 1845. By a Citizen of Boston. See Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, by Edward 
 L. Pierce, vol. ii. 337-384. 
 
 11 There is a second edition. (Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields. 1850. 49 pp. 12°.) 
 
 w First published by the City in 1892. 
 
 1' This and a number of the succeeding orations, up to 1861, contain the speeches, toasts 
 etc., of the City dinner usually given in Faneuil Hall on the Fourth of July. 
 
APPENDIX. 17 
 
 1864. — ■ Russell, Thomas. 
 
 1865. — Manning, Jacob Merrill. "Peace under 
 
 Liberty. "2 
 
 1866. — LoTHEOP, Samuel Kirkland. 
 
 1867. — Hepworth, George Hughes. 
 
 1868. — Eliot, Samuel. "The Functions of a City." 
 
 1869. — Morton, Ellis Wesley. 
 
 1870. — Everett, William. 
 
 1871. — Sargent, Horace Binney. 
 
 1872. — Adams, Charles Francis, Jun. 
 
 1873. — Ware, John Fothergill Waterhouse. 
 
 1874. — Frothingham, Richard. 
 
 1875. — Clarke, James Freeman. "Worth of Repub- 
 
 Hcan Institutions." 
 
 1876 — Winthrop, Robert Charles." 
 
 1877. — Warren, William Wirt. 
 
 1878. — Healy, Joseph. 
 
 1879. — • Lodge, Henry Cabot. 
 
 1880. — Smith, Robert Dickson.^^ 
 
 1881. — Warren, George Washington. "Our Re- 
 
 pubhc — Liberty and Equahty Founded 
 on Law." 
 
 1882. — Long, John Davis. 
 
 1883. — Carpenter, Henry Bernard. "American 
 
 Character and Influence. " 
 
 1884. — Shepard, Harvey Newton. 
 
 1885. — Gargan, Thomas John. 
 
 "Probably four editions were printed in 1857. (Boston: Ofnce Boston Daily Bee' 
 60 pp.) Not until November 22, 1864, was Mr. Alger asked by the City to furnish a 
 copy for publication. He granted the request, and the first official edition (J. E. Far- 
 well & Co., 1864, 53 pp.) was then issued. It lacks the interesting preface and appendix 
 of the early editions. 
 
 15 There is another edition. (Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1859, 69 pp.) A third (Boston: 
 Rockwell & Churchill, 1882, 46 pp.) omits the dinner at Faneuil Hall, the correspondence 
 and events of the celebration. 
 
 "There is a preliminary edition of twelve copies. (J. E. Farwell & Co., 1863. (7), 
 71 pp.) It is "the first draft of the author's address, turned into larger, legible type, 
 for the sole purpose of rendering easier its public delivery. " It was done by " the liberality 
 of the City Authorities, " and is, typographically, the handsomest of these orations. This 
 resulted in the large-paper 75-page edition, printed from the same type as the 71-page 
 edition, but modified by the author. It is printed "by order of the Common Council." 
 The regular edition is in 60 pp., octavo size. 
 
18 APPENDIX. 
 
 1886. — Williams, George Frederick. 
 
 1887. — Fitzgerald, John Edward. 
 
 1888. — Dillaway, William Edward Lovell. 
 
 1889. — Swift, John Lindsay.^^ "The American Citi- 
 
 zen." 
 
 1890. — PiLLSBURY, Albert Enoch. "Public Spirit." 
 
 1891. — QuiNCY, JosiAH.20 "The Coming Peace." s 
 
 1892. — Murphy, John Robert. 
 
 1893. — Putnam, Henry Ware. "The Mission of 
 
 Our People." 
 
 1894. — O'Neil, Joseph Henry. 
 
 1895. — Berle, Adolph Augustus. "The Constitu- 
 
 tion and the Citizens." 
 
 1896. — Fitzgerald, John Francis. 
 
 1897. — Hale, Edward Everett. "The Contribu- 
 
 tion of Boston to American Independence." 
 
 1898. — O'Callaghan, Rev. Denis. 
 
 1899. — 'Matthews, Nathan, Jr. "Be Not Afraid of 
 
 Greatness." 
 
 1900. — O'Meara, Stephen. "Progress Through Con- 
 
 flict." 
 
 1901. — Guild, Curtis, Jr. "Supremacy and its Con- 
 
 ditions." 
 
 1902. — Conry, Joseph A. 
 
 1903. — Mead, Edwin D. "The Principles of the 
 Founders." 
 
 1904. • — Sullivan, John A. "Boston's Past and Pres- 
 
 ent, ^^at Will Its Future Be?" 
 
 1905. — Colt, Le Baron Bradford. "America's 
 
 Solution of the Problem of Government." 
 
 w There is a large paper edition of fifty copies printed from this type, and also an edition 
 from the press of John Wilson & Son, 1876. 55 pp. 8°. 
 
 w On Samuel Adams, a statue of whom, by Miss Anne Whitney, had just been completed 
 for the City. A photograph of the statue is added. 
 
 w Contains a bibliography of Boston Fourth of July orations, from 1783 to 1889, inclusive, 
 compiled by Lindsay Swift, of the Boston Public Library. 
 
 * Reprinted by the American Peace Society. 
 
APPENDIX. 19 
 
 1906. — CoAKLEY, Timothy Wilfred. "The American 
 
 Race: Its Origin, the Fusion of Peoples; Its 
 Aim, Fraternity." 
 
 1907. — HoRTON, Rev. Edward A. "Patriotism and 
 
 the RepubUc." 
 
 1908. — Hill, Arthur Dehon. "The Revolution and 
 
 a Problem of the Present." 
 
 1909. — Spring, Arthur Langdon. "The Growth of 
 Patriotism." 
 
 1910. — Wolff, James Harris. "The Building of the 
 
 Repubhc." 
 
 1911. — Eliot, Charles W. "The Independence of 
 
 1776 and the Dependence of 1911." 
 
 1912. — Pelletier, Joseph C. "Respect for the Law." 
 
 1913. — MacFarland, Grenville S. "A New Decla- 
 
 ration of Independence." 
 
 1914. — Supple, Rev. James A. "Religion: The Hope 
 
 of the Nation." 
 
 1915. — Brandeis, Louis D. "True Americanism." 
 
 1916. — Chapple, Joe Mitchell. "The New Ameri- 
 canism." 
 
 1917. — Gallagher, Daniel J. "Americans Welded 
 
 by War." 
 
 1918. — Faunce, William H. P. "The New Meaning 
 
 of Independence Day." 
 
 1919. — DeCourcy, Charles A. "Real and Ideal 
 American Democracy." 
 
 1920. — Wiseman, Jacob L. "America and its Vital 
 
 Problem." 
 
 1921. — Murlin, Dr. L. H. "Our Great American." 
 1922. — Burke, Dr. Jeremiah E. "Democracy and 
 
 Education." 
 1923. — Lyons, Rev. Charles W., S. J. " The Ameri- 
 can Mind." 
 
BOSTON COLLEGE 
 
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