M .\ I«.ifMM-/\il jLi,- Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/birdsofnorthmi'dd05ridg SMITHSOlSriAlSr INSTITUTIOIsr. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ITo. 50. Part V. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Issued November 29, 1911. n THE BIRDS NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE HIGHER GROUPS, GENERA, SPECIES, AND SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA, FROM THE ARCTIC LANDS TO THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA, THE WEST INDIES AND OTHER ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, AND THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. CURATOR, DIVISION OF BIRDS. Part Y. Family PTEROPTOOHIDJl— The Tapaculos. Family DENDROCOLAPTIDJl— The Woodhewers. Family FORMIOARIID^— The Antbirds. Family TROCHILID^— The Humming Birds. Family FURNARIID Jl— The Ovenbirds. Family MICROPODID J^-The Swifts. Family TROGONID Jl— The Trogons. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911. ',.k,tS UB8AJ* t. 5 O'NEILL umm BeSTON COLLEGE \> 1 3 1994 PREFACE. Circumstances have retarded the completion of the present volume, chief among which were interruption by field work (including a second visit to Costa Rica), occasional periods of illness, and the specially difficult character of some of the included groups; furthermore, one large family (the Woodpeckers, Picidse) was worked up and even set in type, but was finally omitted because its inclusion would increase the bulk of the volume far beyond a convenient size. It will, there- fore, be included in Part VI. The Families included in this and preceding volumes are as follows : Part I, issued October 24, 1901, included the Family Fringillidse (Finches) alone. Part II, issued October 16, 1902, included the Families Tanagridse (Tanagers), Icteridse (Troupials), Coerebidse (Honey Creepers), and Mniotiltidffi (Wood Warblers). Part III, published December 31, 1904, included the MotaciUidse (Wagtails and Pipits), Hirundinidse (SwaUows), Ampelidse (Wax- wings), Ptilogonatidse (Silky Flycatchers), Dulidse (Palm Chats), Vireonidse (Vireos), Laniidas (Shrikes), Corvidse (Crows and Jays), Paridae (Titmice), Sittidse (Nuthatches), Certliiidse (Creepers), Trog- lodytidse (Wrens), Cinclidse (Dippers), Chamseidse (Wren-Tits), and Sylviidae (Warblers). Part IV, issued July 1, 1907, contained the remaining groups of Oscines, namely, the Families Turdidse (Thrushes), Zeledoniidae (Wren-Thrushes), Mimidse (Mockingbirds), Sturnidfe (Starlings), Ploceidse (Weaver Birds), and Alaudidss (Larks), together with the Haploophonse or Oligomyodian Mesomyodi, comprising the Families Oxyruncidse (Sharp-bills), Tyrannidse (Tyrant Flycatchers), Pipridse (Manakins), and Cotingidse (Chatterers). The present volume contains the Tracheophone Mesomyodi, repre- sented by the Families Pteroptochidae (Tapaculos), Formicariidse (An thirds), Furnariidse (Ovenbirds), and Dendrocolaptidse (Wood- hewers), together with the Macrocliires, containing the Families Trochilidse (Humming Birds) and Micropodidae (Swifts), and the Heterodactylas, represented only by the Family Trogonidae (Trogons). The number of species and subspecies described in the five volumes is 2,038, with 351 additional extralimital forms characterized in the ''keys." About 1,150 to 1,200 forms remain to be treated in subse- quent parts of the work. Acknowledgments for the loan of specimens for use in the prepara- tion of the present volume are due to the same individuals and public ^ni J VI PKEFACE. institutions as have already been named in previous volumes; also to j\ir. C. H. Lankester, of Caclii, Costa Rica, who kindly placed the Tracheophones of his fine collection of Costa Rican birds at the au- thor's service. To Senor Don Jose C. Zeledon, of San Jose, Costa Rica, the author is specially indebted for most generous help, at considerable expense to himself, in making a very fine collection of the birds of that country, which proved of incalculable value in the preparation of this work. Dr. C. W. Richmond, Assistant Curator, and Mr. J. H. Riley, Aid, of the Division of Birds, U. S. National Museum, have rendered invalu- able assistance; Dr. Richmond through his special knowledge of ornithological bibliography and his extremely useful and very com- plete card catalogue of generic and specific names, made at ' ' first hand," or directly from the publication in which each name was first published, as well as by carefully scanning the proof sheets with par- ticular reference to correctness of citations in the synonymy; Mr. Riley, by copying references from various publications, but espe- cially through having performed the tedious task of measuring several thousands of specimens.^ There has been some criticism of the present work on the ground that certain books, local lists, and other publications have not been cited in the synonymies . The omission of these is very much regretted by the author, who in explanation, if not justification, would state that it has been quite impossible for him to cover the whole field; that the literature of ornithology is so vast, and increasing so rapidly, that to bring the bibliography and synonymy of all the species up to date and keep it so would require all the time that any one indi- vidual could possibly give to it; and that since much the greater part of this labor (which has justly been termed "the drudgery of ornithology") has been done by the author himself, very largely in his own time (which means during hours which should have been ^ The number of specimens examined during the preparation of this volume is as follows: Collection of the U. S. National Museum 4, 846 Collection of the Biological Survey 1, 118 Collection of the American Museum of Natural History 2, 255 Collection of the Carnegie Museum 1, 358 Collection of the Field Musevma of Natural History 478 Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 170 Collection of the Boston Society of Natural History 6 Collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 2, 097 Collection of the Museo Naciondl, Costa Rica 66 Collection of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California 4 Collection of A. E. and 0. Bangs, Boston 1, 877 Collection of C. H. Lankester, Cachl, Costa Rica 83 14, 358 PREFACE. VII given to rest or recreation), he hopes that critics may be lenient as to this shortcoming of the work. A matter which has called forth wholly unexpected criticism is the necessarily irregular manner in which brief descriptions of nests and eggs are interspersed through the pages of this work. That the pur- pose of these ''vague and scattered descriptions" might be misunder- stood by anyone was a possibility which did not occur to the author; on the contrary, their intent seemed so self-evident that explanation was not thought of. Since, however, one writer does not "see how they can be of much use to the student of oology," and inquires why, ''if considered of value — were they not given uniformly through- out the work," it may be stated here that these brief descriptions are given only (or at least mainly) in cases where some particular style of nest or coloration of eggs is characteristic of a group (family or genus), as a sort of accessory or supplemental group character,^ and that the numerous instances of their omission result either from the absence of anything specially characteristic or distinctive or else (as is often the case among the tropical forms) from lack of information on the subject. Placing the accent marks to names of localities m Mexico and other parts of Spanish America may possibly be criticized on the ground of inexpediency or that of irregularity in following the rules governing such cases; but the author has been led to do so by the apparent natural tendency of English-speaking people to sadly mispronounce such names, even when spelled precisely the same in Spanish and English; for example: Bogota (Bo-go-tah'), David (Dah-veed'), Ecuador (Ek-wah-d5r0, Salvador (Sal-vah-dor'), General (Hen-er- ahl'), and Trinidad (Tre-ne-dad'), which in English (at least com- monly) are pronounced Bo-go-tah, Da'-vid, Ek'-wa-dor, Sal'-va-dor, Gen-er-al and Trin-i-dad, respectively. There are, of course, definite rules of accentuation in the Spanish language, but these are unknown to most Americans and other English-speaking people, and therefore the accent is frequently given where the rules do not require it. In a majority of cases, where the accent mark does not appear the accent is normal, that is, the emphasis falls on the penultimate syllable. 2 Other cases where the accent is omitted are those words in which the Spanish accent agrees with the prevalent English one; as Nicaragua, Venzeuela, Yucatan, etc. In one case (that of Santa F6) general usage is followed, although the accent mark is, of course, wholly superfluous in a word of only one syllable. Robert Ridgway. July 26, 1911. ' For example, see genera Petrochelidon, Dulus, Psaltriparits, and Regulus, and family Vireonidee, pages 45, 126, 424, 698, and 129, in Part III. ^ It should be remembered that each vowel represents a distinct syllable in every Spanish word; "pi6" is not py, for instance, but pe-a^. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. SUPERPAMILY MeSOMYODI ' 1 Characters of the Tracheophone Mesomyodi 1 Key to the Families of Tracheophonse 3 Family Pteroptochid^ 4 Genus 1. Scytalopus Gould 5 1. Scytalopus argentifrons Ridgway 6 Family Formicariid^ 7 Key to the Genera of Formicariidae 10 Genus 1. Cymbilaimus Gray 18 1. Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus Ridgway 19 Genus 2. Thamnistes Sclater and Salvin 21 2. Thamnistes anabatinus anabatinus Sclater and Salvin 22 3. Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus Ridgway 23 Genus 3. Abalius Cabanis 24 4. Abalius bridges! (Sclater) 25 Genus 4. Taraba Lesson 27 5. Taraba transandeana transandeana (Sclater) 28 Genus 5. Hypolophus Cabanis and Heine 32 6. Hypolophus canadensis pulchellus (Cabanis and Heine) 33 Genus 6. Thamnophilus Vieillot 34 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Thamnophilus 35 7. Thamnophilus radiatus nigricristatus (Lawrence) 37 8. Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus Allen 40 9. Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus Ridgway 43 10. Thamnophilus doliatus yucatanensis Ridgway 44 11. Thamnophilus multistriatus Lafresnaye 45 12. Thamnophilus virgatus virgatus Lawrence 46 Genus 7. Erionotus Cabanis and Heine 47 Key to the Subspecies of Erionotus punctatus 49 13. Erionotus punctatus atrinucha (Salvin and Godman) 49 14. Erionotus punctatus gorgonse (Thayer and Bangs) 52 Genus 8. Dysithamnus Cabanis 52 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dysithamnus 54 15. Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis Ridgway 55 16. Dysithamnus puncticeps Salvin 58 17. Dysithamnus striaticeps Lawrence 59 Genus 9. Myi-motherula Sclater 60 Key to the Species of Myi-motherula 62 18. Myrmotherula surinamensis (Gmelin) 62 19. Myrmotherula pygmasa (Gmelin) 64 1 Continued from Part IV, pp. 328-332. IX X TABLE OF CONTEXTS. Page. Genus 10. MjTmopagis RidgTray •. 65 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Myrmopagis 67 20. Mj-rmopagis melsena (Sclatei') 68 21. MjTmopagis schisticolor (La^rrence) 70 22. MjTTQopagis fulA-iventris (Lawrence) 73 Grenus 11. Microrhopias Sclater 75 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Microrhopias 76 23. Mcrorhopias boucardi boucai'di (Sclater) 78 24. Microrhopias boucardi ^irgata (Lawrence) 79 25. Microrhopias boucardi consobiina (Sclater) 80 26. Microrhopias grisea alticincta (Bangs) ' 81 Genus 12. Terenura Cabanis and Heine 83 27. Terenui-a caUinota (Sclater) 84 Genus 13. Eamphocaenus Yieillot 84 28. Eamphocaenus rufiventris rufiventris (Bonapaile) '. 85 Genus 14. Microbates Sclater and Sahon 88 29. Microbates cer^•ineivent^is semitorquatus (Lawrence) 89 Genus 15. Cercomacra Sclater 90 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Cercomacra 91 30. Cercomacra nigricans Sclater 91 81. Cercomacra t>Tannina tjTannina (Sclater) 93 32. Cercomacra tjTannina crepera (Bangs) .• 95 Genus 16. Gjonnocichla Sclater 97 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Gynanocichla 98 33. GjTnnocichla nudiceps nudiceps (Cassin) 99 34. GjTnnocichla nudiceps erratilis Bangs 101 35. G^"TDnocichla chiroleuca Sclater and Sahin 101 Grenus 17. MjTmeciza Gray 103 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Myrmeciza 105 36. Mj-rmeciza boucardi panamensis Ridgway 107 37. Mj-rmeciza Isemosticta Sahin 109 38. Mj-rmeciza cassini (Ridgway) 110 39. Mj-rmeciza exsul exsul Sclater Ill 40. MjTmeciza exsul occidentalis (Cherrie) 113 41. MjTmeciza zeledoni Ridgway 114 Geniis 18. Formicarius Boddaert 115 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Formicarius 117 42. Formicarius analis nigricapillus (Ridgway) 118 43. Formicarius moniliger moniliger Sclater 119 44. Formicai'ius moniliger intermedins Ridgway 121 45. Formicarius moniliger pallidus (Lawrence) 121 46. Formicarius moniliger umbrosus (Ridgway) 122 47. Formicarius moniliger hoffmanni (Cabanis) 123 48. Formicarius moniliger panamensis Ridgway 124 49. Formicarius rufipectus Sahin 125 Genus 19. Hylophylax Ridgway 126 50. Hylophylax najAioides (Lafresnaye) 128 Genus 20. Anoplops Cabanis and Heine 130 Key to the Species of Anoplops 131 51. Anoplops bicolor (Lawrence) 132 52. Anoplops olivascens (Ridgway) 132 Genus 21. Phajnostictus Ridgway 134 53. Phajnostictus mcleannani mcleannani (Lawrence) 135 54. Phsenostictus mcleannani satinatus (Richmond) 136 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI Page. Genus 22. Rhopoterpe Cabanis 137 Key to the Species of Rhopoterpe 138 55. Rhopoterpe stictoptera Sahdn 139 Genus 23. Pittasoma Cassin 140 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Pittasoma 141 56. Pittasoma michleri michleri Cassin 141 57. Pittasoma michleri zeledoni Ridgway 142 Genus 24. Grallaricula Sclater 143 Key to the Species of Grallaricula 144 58. Grallaricula costaricensis Lawrence 145 Genus 25. Grallaria Vieillot , 146 Key to the Subspecies of Grallaria guatimalensis 147 59. Grallaria guatimalensis guatimalensis Pre vest and Des Murs 148 60. Grallaria guatimalensis princeps (Sclater and Sahdn) 149 61. Grallaria guatimalensis mexicana (Sclater) 150 62. Grallaria guatimalensis ochraceiventris Nelson 151 Genus 26. Hylopezus Ridgway 152 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Hylopezus 153 63. Hylopezus dives (Salvin) 154 64. Hylopezus perspiciliatus perspicillatus (Lawrence) 155 65. Hylopezus perspicillatus lizanoi (Cherrie) 156 66. Hylopezus perspicillatus intermedins (Ridgway) ' 156 Family Furnariidjs 157 Key to the Central American Genera of Furnariidse 159 Genus 1. Sclerurus Swainson 163 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Sclerurus 164 1. Sclerurus canigularis Ridgway 166 2. Sclerm'us mexicanus mexicanus Sclater 166 3. Sclerurus mexicanus pullus Bangs 168 4. Sclerurus guatemalensis (Hartlaub) 169 Genus 2. Xenops Illiger 170 Key to the Species of Xenops 172 5. Xenops genibarbis mexicanus (Sclater) 172 6. Xenops rutilus heterurus (Cabanis and Heine) 175 Genus 3. Margarornis Reichenbach 177 7. Margarornis rubiginosa Lawrence 178 Genus 4. Premnoplex Cherrie 180 Key to the Subspecies of Premnoplex brunnescens 181 8. Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda (Lawrence) 181 Genus 5. Acrorchilus Ridgway 183 Key to the Species of Acrorchilus 184 9. Acrorchilus erythi'ops ruiigenis (Lawrence) 184 Genus 6. Synallaxis Vieillot 186 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Synallaxis 188 10. SjTiallaxis erythi-olhorax Sclater 189 11. SjTiallaxis pudica pudica Sclater 191 12. SjTiallaxis pudica nigrifumosa (Lawrence) 192 13. Synallaxis albescens latitabunda Bangs 194 14. Synallaxis albescens hj-poleuca Ridgway 195 Genus 7. Pseudocolaptes Reichenbach 196 Key to the Species of Pseudocolaptes 197 15. Pseudocolaptes lawrencii Ridgway 197 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Genus 8. Hyloctistes Ridgway 199 16. Hyloctistes "\-irgatu3 (Lawrence) 200 Genus 9. Philydor Spix 201 Key to the Species of Philydor 202 17. Philydor panen-thrus Sclater 203 18. Philydor fuscipennis Sahin 204 Genus 10. Xenicopsis Cabanis 205 Key to the Species of Xenicopsis 206 19. Xenicopsis variegaticeps (Sclater) 207 20. Xenicopsis subalai-is lineatus (Lawrence) 209 Genus 11. Automolus Reichenbach 211 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Automolus 213 21. Automolus rubiginosus Sclater 214 22. Automolus versepacis versepacis Sah-in and Godman 214 22. Automolus versepacis umbrinus (Sah-in and Godman) 215 23. Automolus guerrerensis Sah-in and Godman 216 24. Automolus fumosus Sahdn and Godman 216 25. Automolus ce^^-inigularis cerAdnigularis Sclater 217 26. Automolus cer^inigularis hj-pophaeus Ridgway 219 27. Automolus pallidigularis paliidigularis Lawrence 220 28. Automolus pallidigularis exsertus Bangs 221 Genus 12. Rhopoctites Ridgway 222 29. Rhopoctites rufobrunneus (Lawrence) 223 Family Dendeocolaptid^ 224 Key to the Genera of Dendrocolaptidae 226 Genus 1. Dendrocolaptes Hennann 227 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dendrocolaptes 229 1 . Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae sancti-thomse (Lafresnaye) 229 2. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thoma- hesperius Bangs 232 3. Dendrocolaptes puncticoUis Sclater and Sahdn 232 4. Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis Ridgway 233 Genus 2. Xiphocolaptes Lesson - . - . 235 Key to the Subspecies of Xiphocolaptes emigrans 236 5. Xiphocolaptes emigrans emigrans Sclater and Salvin 237 6. Xiphocolaptes emigrans sclateri (Ridgway) 238 7. Xiphocolaptes emigrans omiltemensis Nelson 239 8. Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis Ridgway 239 Genus 3. Xiphorh\-nchus Swainson 239 Key to the Species and Subspecies of XiphorhjTichus 240 9. Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus lachrymosus (Lawrence) 242 10. XiphorhjTichus lachrymosus eximius (Hellmayr) 243 11 . XiphorhjTichus flavigaster flavigaster Swainson 244 12. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster mentalis (Lawrence) 247 13. Xiphorh>-nchus flavigaster megarhjTichus (Nelson) 248 14. XiphorhjTichus flavigaster yucatanensis Ridgway 248 15. Xiphorhynchus striatigularis (Richmond) 249 16. Xiphorhynchus nanus nanus (Lawrence) 250 17. Xiphorhynchus nanus costaricensis (Ridgway) 252 18. Xiphorhynchus nanus confinis (Bangs) 253 19. XiphorhjTichus erythropygius (Sclater) 254 20. Xiphorhynchus punctigulus punctigulus (Ridgway) 255 21. Xiphorhynchus punctigulus insolitus Ridgway 257 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XIII Page. Genus 4. Picolaptes Lesson 257 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Picolaptes 259 22. Picolaptes leucogaster (Swainson) 259 23. Picolaptes affinis affinis (Lafresnaye) 261 24. Picolaptes affinis neglectus Ridgway 263 25. Picolaptes lineaticeps lineaticeps Lafresnaye '. . 264 26. Picolaptes lineaticeps compressus (Cabanis) 265 27. Picolaptes lineaticeps insignis (Nelson) 266 Genus 5. Campylorhamphus Bertoni 268 Key to the Species of Campylorhamphus 269 28. Campylorhamphus venezuelensis (Chapman) 271 29. Campylorhamphus borealis (Carriker) 272 Genus 6. Glyphorhynchus Maximilian 274 Key to the Subspecies of Glyphorhynchus cuneatus 275 30. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus pectoralis (Sclater) 275 Genus 7. Sittasomus Swainson 277 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Sittasomus 279 31. Sittasomus sylvioides sylvioides Lafresnaye 280 32. Sittasomus sylvioides levis (Bangs) 282 33. Sittasomus sylvioides jaliscensis Nelson 283 Genus 8. Deconychura Cherrie 283 Key to the Species of Deconychura 284 34. Deconychura typica Cherrie 285 Genus 9. Dendrocincla Gray 286 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dendrocincla 287 35. Dendrocincla anabatina anabatina Sclater 288 36. Dendrocincla anabatina typhla Oberholser 290 37. Dendrocincla anabatina saturata Carriker 290 38. Dendrocincla lafresnayei ridgwayi Oberholser 291 39. Dendrocincla homochroa homochroa (Sclater) 293 40. Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta Oberholser 294 41. Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps (Sclater and Salvin) 295 Order Coraciipormes , 295 Key to the Suborders of Coraciiformes 297 Suborder Macrochires 298 Key to the Superfamilies of Macrochires 299 SUPERFAMILY TrOCHILI 300 Family Trochilid^ 300 Key to the North and Middle American and more closely related South Ameri- can Genera of Trochilidge 303 Genus 1. Eutoxeres Reichenbach 310 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Eutoxeres 311 1. Eutoxeres aquila salvini (Gould) 312 Genus 2. Phoethornis Swainson 314 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Phoethornis 315 2. Phoethornis guyi cpruscus Bangs 317 3. Phoethornis longirostris longirostris (Delattre) 319 4. Phoethornis longirostris cephalus (Bourcier and Mulsant) 321 5. Phoethornis longirostris versecrucis Ridgway 323 6. Phoethornis longirostris mexicanus (Hartert) 323 7. Phoethornis anthophilus hyalinus (Bangs) 324 8. Phoethornis adolphi adolphi Gould 324 9. Phoethornis adolphi saturatus Ridgway 326 10. Phoethornis striigularis striigularis (Gould) 327 XrV TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page, Genus 3. Glaucis Boie 329 Key to the Subspecies of Glaucis hirsuta 330 11. Glaucis hirsuta hirsuta (Gmelin) 330 12. Glaucis hirsuta affinis (Lawrence) 333 13. Glaucis hirsuta genea (Lawrence) 334 Genus 4. Threnetes Gould 336 14. Threnetes ruckeri (Bourcier) 336 Genus 5. Aithurus Cabanis and Heine 338 Key to the Species of Aithurus 339 15. Aithurus poly tmus (Linnaeus) 339 16. Aithurus scitulus Brewster and Bangs " 341 Genus 6. Hemistephania Reichenbach 342 17. Hemistephania veraguensis (Salvin) 343 Genus 7. Anthoscenus Bichmond 344 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Anthoscenus : 345 18. Anthoscenus longirostris longirostris ( Vieillot) 346 19. Anthoscenus longirostris pallidiceps (Gould) 349 20. Anthoscenus constantii constantii (Delattre) 350 21. Anthoscenus constantii leocadias (Bourcier) 352 Genus 8. Pampa Reichenbach 353 Key to the Subspecies of Pampa pampa 354 22. Pampa pampa pampa (Lesson) 354 23. Pampa pampa ciuvipennis (Lichtenstein) 355 Genus 9. Campylopterus Swainson 356 Key to the Species of Campylopterus 358 24. Campylopterus hemileucurus (Lichtenstein) 358 25. Campylopterus rufus Lesson - 361 Genus 10. Phajochroa Gould 362 Key to the Species and subspecies of Phaeochroa 363 26. Phaeochroa cuvieri cuvieri (Delattre and Boiucier) 363 27. Phseochroa cuvieri saturatior (Hartert) 365 28. Phseochroa roberti (Salvin) - . . . 365 Genus 11. Phsjoptila Gould 366 29. Phseoptila sordida Gould 367 Genus 12. Cynanthus Swainson : 368 Key to the Species of Cynanthus 369 30. Cynanthus latirostris (Swainson) 370 31. Cynanthus lawrencei Berlepsch 373 32. Cynanthus doubledayi (Bourcier) 375 Genus 13. Basilinna Boie 377 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Basilinna 378 33. Basilinna leucotis leucotis (Vieillot) 378 34. Basilinna leucotis pygmsea Simon and Hellmayr 381 35. Basilinna xantusi (Lawrence) 382 Genus 14. Hylocharis Boie 384 36. Hylocharis elicite (Bourcier and Mulsant) 384 Genus 15. Chalybura Reichenbach.- 386 Key to the Species of Chalylnna 387 37. Chalybura buffoni (Lesson) 388 38. Chalybura urochrysa (Gould) 390 39. Chalybura isauree (Gould) 391 40. Chalybura melanorrhoa (Salvin) 392 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XV Page. Genus 16. Eupherusa Gould 393 Key to the Species of Eupherusa 394 41. Eupherusa eximia eximia (Delattre) 394 42. Eupherusa eximia nelson! Ridgway 396 43. Eupherusa egregia Sclater and Salvin 396 44. Eupherusa poliocerca Elliot 397 Genus 17. Callipharus Elliot 399 45. Callipharus nigriventris (Lawrence) 400 Genua 18. Elvira Mulsant and Verreaux 401 Key to the Species of Elvira 402 46. Elvira chionura (Gould) 402 47. Ehdra cupreiceps (Lawrence) 404 Genus 19. Amizilis Gray 405 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Amizilis 407 48. Amizilis tzacatl tzacatl (De la Llave) 408 49. Amizilis yucatanensis (Cabot) 412 50. Amizilis yucatanensis cerviniventris (Gould) 414 51. Amizilis yucatanensis chalconata Oberholser 415 52. Amizilis forreri Boucard 416 58. Amizilis rutila rutila (Delattre) 416 54. Amizilis rutila corallirostris (Bourcier and Mulsant) 419 55. Amizilis graysoni (Lawrence) 419 56. Amizilis bangsi Ridgway 420 57. Amizilis ^'iridifrons (Elliot) 421 58. Amizilis verticalis (Lichtenstein) 422 59. Amizilis violiceps (Gould) 424 60. Amizilis cyanocephala cyanocephala (Lesson) 425 61. Amizilis cyanocephala guatemalensis (Gould) 427 62. Amizilis microrhyncha (Elliot) 428 63. Amizilis salvini (Brewster) 429 Genus 20. Agyrtria Reichenbach 430 Key to the Species of Agjrrtria 431 64. Agyrtria Candida (Bourcier and Mulsant) 432 65. Agyrtria lucige (Lawrence) 434 Genus 21. Saucerottia Bonaparte 434 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Saucerottia 436 66. Saucerottia sophiag sophise (Boiucier and Mulsant) 439 67. Saucerottia alfaroana (Underwood) 441 68. Saucerottia niveoventer (Gould) 441 69. Saucerottia edwardi (Delattre and Bourcier) 443 70. Saucerottia cyanm-a cyanura (Gould) 445 71. Saucerottia cyanura guatemalse Dearborn 446 72. Saucerottia devillei (Bom-cier and Mulsant) 447 73. Saucerottia beryllina beryllina (Lichtenstein) 449 74. Saucerottia beryllina viola (Miller) 451 75. Saucerottia sumichi-asti (Salvin) 451 76. Saucerottia ocai (Gould) 452 Genus 22. Goldmania Nelson 452 77. Goldmania violiceps Nelson 453 Genus 23. Anthracothorax Boie 454 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Anthi'acothorax 455 78. Anthracothorax mango (Linnaeus) 457 79. Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis (Vieillot) 459 XVI TABLE OF CONTEInTTS. Genus 23. Antkraco thorax — Continued. Page. 80. Anthracothorax prevostii prevostii (Lesson) 463 81. Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris Ridgway 465 82. Anthracothorax prevostii hendersoni (Cory) 466 83. Anthracothorax veraguensis Reichenbach 467 84. Anthracothorax dominicus (Linnaeus) 468 85. Anthracothorax aurulentus (Audebert and Vieillot) 470 86. Anthracothorax viridis (Audebert and Vieillot) 472 Genus 24. Sericotes Reichenbach 473 87. Sericotes holosericeus holosericeus (Linnaeus) 474 88. Sericotes holosericeus chlorolsemus (Gould) 476 Genus 25. Eulampis Boie 477 89. Eulampis jugularis (Linnaeus) 478 Genus 26. Colibri Spix '. 480 Key to the Species of Colibri 481 90. Colibri thalassinus (Swainson) 482 91. Colibri cyanotus (Bourcier and Mulsant)*. 484 92. Colibri delphinae (Lesson) 4S6 Genus 27. Lamprolaima Reichenbach 489 93. Lamprolaima rhami (Lesson) 489 Genus 28. Cyanolaemus Stone 491 94. Cyanolaemus clemencise (Lesson) 492 Genus 29. Lampornis Swainson 494 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Lampornis 495 95. Lampornis amethystinus amethystinus Swainson 496 96. Lampornis amethystinus brevirostris Swainson 497 97. Lampornis amethystinus salvini Ridgway 498 98. Lampornis margaritse (Salvin and Godman) 499 99. Lampornis pringlei (Nelson) 500 Genus 30. Oreopyra Gould . 501 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Oreopyra 502 100. Oreopyra castaneoventris castaneoventris (Gould) '...'. 502 101. Oreopyra castaneoventris calolaema (Salvin) , 504 102. Oreopyra cinereicauda Lawrence 506 103. Oreopyra hemileuca Salvin 507 104. Oreopyra sybillae (Salvin and Godman) 508 105. Oreopyra viridipallens (Bom'cier and Mulsant) 509 Genus 31. Panterpe Cabanis and Heine 511 106. Pantei-pe insignis Cabanis and Heine 511 Genus 32. Klais Reichenbach 513 107. Klais guimeti (Boiu-cier and Mulsant) 514 Genus 33. Abeillia Bonaparte 516 108. Abeillia abeillei (Delattre and Lesson) 517 Genus 34. Damophila Reichenbach 518 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Damophila 519 109. Damophila Julias juliae (Bourcier) 519 110. Damophila panamensis Berlepsch 521 Genus 35. Polyerata Heine -. 522 Key to the Species of Polyerata 523 111. Polyerata amabilis (Gould) 523 112. Polyerata decora Salvin 525 Genus 36. Cyanophaia Reichenbach 526 Key to the Species of Cyanophaia 527 113. Cyanophaia bicolor (Gmelin; 529 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XVII Page. Genus 37. Thalurania Gould 530 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Thalurania 531 114. Thalurania colombica (Bourcier) 532 115. Thalurania colombica venusta (Gould) 534 116. Thalurania townsendi Ridgway 536 117. Thalurania ridgwayi Nelson 537 Genus 38. Lepidopyga Reichenbach 537 Key to the Species of Lepidopyga 538 118. Lepidopyga cseruleogularis (Gould) 539 119. Lepidopyga boucardi (Mulsant) 541 Genus 39. Riccordia Reichenbach 542 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Riccordia 542 120. Riccordia ricordii ricordii (Gervais) 543 121. Riccordia ricordii seneoviridis (Palmer and Riley) 544 122. Riccordia swainsonii (Lesson) 546 Genus 40. Chlorostilbon Gould 547 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Chlorostilbon 548 123. Chlorostilbon maugeei (Vieillot) 550 124. Chlorostilbon auriceps (Gould) 551 125. Chlorostilbon forficatus Ridgway 552 126. Chlorostilbon canivetii canivetii (Lesson) 553 127. Chlorostilbon canivetii osberti (Gould) 556 128. Chlorostilbon canivetii salvini (Gould) 557 129. Chlorostilbon assimilis Lawrence 558 130. Chlorostilbon caribaeus Lawrence 559 Genus 41. Heliothryx Boie 561 131. Heliothryx barroti (Bourcier and Mulsant) 562 Genus 42. Eugenes Gould 564 Key to the Species of Eugenes 565 132. Eugenes fulgens (Swainson) 565 133. Eugenes spectabilis (Lawrence) 568 Genus 43. Heliodoxa Gould 570 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Heliodoxa 571 134. Heliodoxa jacula henryi (Lawrence) 572 Genus 44. Florisuga Bonaparte 575 135. Florisuga mellivora (Linnaeus) 576 Genus 45. Microchera Gould 580 Key to the Species of Microchera 581 136. Microchera albocoronata (Lawrence) 581 137. Microchera parvirostris (Lawrence) 582 Genus 46. Mellisuga Brisson 583 Key to the Species of Mellisuga 584 138. Mellisuga minima (Linnaeus) 584 139. Mellisuga catharinee (Salle) 586 Genus 47. Stellula Gould 587 140. Stellula calliope (Gould) 588 Genus 48. Atthis Reichenbach 591 141. Atthis heloisa heloisa (Lesson and Delattre) 592 142. Atthis heloisa ellioti (Ridgway) 594 143. Atthis heloisa morcomi (Ridgway) 595 Genus 49. Selasphorus Swainson 595 Key to the Species of Selasphorus 596 144. Selasphorus platycercus (Swainson) 597 145. Selasphorus flammula Salvin 601 81255°— Bull. 50—11 ii XVIII TABLE OP CONTENTS. Genus 49. Selasphorus — Continued. Page. 146. Selasphorus torridus 602 147. Selasphorus ardens (Salvin) 604 148. Selasphorus simoni Carriker 606 149. Selasphorus scintilla (Gould) 607 150. Selasphorus alleni Henshaw 609 151. Selasphorus rufus (Gmelin) 612 152. Selasphorus floresii Gould 616 Genus 50. Calypte Gould 618 Key to the Species of Calypte 619 152. Calypte anna (Lesson) 619 153. Calypte costse (Bourcier) 623 154. Calypte helense (Lembeye) 625 Genus 51. Archilochus Reichenbach 627 Key to the Species of Archilochus 628 155. Archilochus colubris (Linnaeus) 629 156. Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier and Mulsant) 633 157. Archilochus violajugulum (Jeffries) 636 Genus 52. Tilmatura Eeichenbach 637 158. Tilmatura dupontii (Lesson) 638 Genus 53. Nesophlox Ridgway 639 Key to the Species of Nesophlox 640 159. Nesophlox evelynae (Bourcier) 641 160. Nesophlox lyrura (Gould) 643 161. Nesophlox bryantse (Lawrence) 645 Genus 54. Doricha Reichenbach 647 Key to the Species of Doricha 648 162. Doricha enicura (Vieillot) 648 163. Doricha eliza (Lesson and Delattre) 650 Genus 55. Calothorax Gray 651 Key to the Species of Calothorax 652 164. Calothorax lucifer (Swainson) 652 165. Calothorax pulcher (Gould) 655 Genus 56. Orthorhyncus Lacepfede 656 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Orthorhyncus 657 166. Orthorhyncus exilis exilis (Gmelin) 658 167. Orthorhyncus exilis ornatus (Gould) 661 168. Orthorhyncus cristatus cristatus (Linnaeus) 662 169. Orthorhyncus cristatus emigrans (Lawrence) 664 Genus 57. Chrysolampis Bole 665 170. Chrysolampis mosquitus (Linnaeus) 666 Genus 58. Lophornis Lesson 669 Key to the Species of Lophornis 670 171 . Lophornis delattrei (Lesson) 671 172 . Lophornis helenae (Delattre) 673 173. Lophornis adorabilis Salvin 675 Genus 59. Popelairia Reichenbach 676 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Popelairia 678 174. Popelairia conversii sequatorialis Berlepsch and Taczanowski 679 SXJPERFAMILY MlCROPODII 681 Key to the Families of Micropodii 682 Family Micropodid.e 683 Key to the Genera of Micropodidae 685 Genus 1. Aeronautes Tlartert 687 1. Aeronautes melanoleucue (Baird) 687 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XIX Page. Genus 2. Panyptila Cabanis 690 Key to the Species of Panyptila 691 2. Panyptila cayanensis (Gmelin) 691 3. Panyptila sancti-hieronymi Salvin 692 Genus 3. Tacliornis Gosse 693 Key to the Subspecies of Tachornis phoenicobia 693 4. Tachornis phoenicobia phoenicobia Gosse 694 5. Tachornis phoenicobia yradii (Lembeye) 695 Genus 4. Streptoprocne Oberholser 696 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Streptoprocne 697 6. Streptoprocne zonaris albicincta (Cabanis) 697 7. Streptoprocne zonaris mexicana Ridgway 700 8. Streptoprocne zonaris pallidifrons (Hartert) 701 9. Streptoprocne semicollaris (Saussure) 702 Genus 5. Nephoecetes Baird 703 Key to the Subspecies of Nephoecetes niger 704 10. Nephoecetes niger niger (Gmelin) 704 11. Nephoecetes niger jamaicensis Ridgway 705 12. Nephoecetes niger borealis (Kennerly) 707 13. Nephoecetes niger costaricensis Ridgway 710 Genus 6. Cypseloides Streubel 710 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Cypseloides 711 14. Cypseloides brunneitorques brunneitorques (Lafresnaye) 712 15. Cypseloides brunneitorques griseifrons Nelson 714 16. Cypseloides cherriei Ridgway 714 Genus 7. Chsetura Stephens 714 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Chsetura 715 17. Chagtiu-a pelagica (Linnaeus) 717 18. Chaetiu-a richmondi Ridgway 719 19. Chsetura gaumeri Lawrence 721 20. Chsetura vauxii (Townsend) 722 21. Chsetxira acuta (Gmelin) 724 22. Chsetura cinereiventris fumosa (Salvin) 725 23. Chsetura cinereiventris lawrencei Ridgway 727 24. Chsetura cinereiventris phseopygos Hellmayr 727 25. Ch^tura brachyura (Jardine) 728 Suborder Heterodactyl^ 729 Family Trogonid^ 731 Key to the Genera of Trogonidse 732 Genus 1. Pharomachrus De la Llave 733 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Pharomachrus 734 1. Pharomachrus mocinno mocinno De la Llave 736 2. Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis (Cabanis) 739 Genus 2. Leptuas Cabanis and Heine 740 3. Leptuas neoxenus (Gould) 741 Genus 3. Curucujus Bonaparte 742 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Curucujus 743 4. Curucujus massena (Gould) 744 5. Curucujus melanurus macrourus (Gould) 747 6. Curucujus clathratus (Salvin) 749 Genus 4. Trogon Brisson 750 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Trogon 751 7. Trogon bairdii Lawrence 752 8. Trogon strigilatus chiohurus (Sclater and Salvin) 754 XX TABLE OF COKTEISTTS. Genus 4. Trogon — Continued. Page. 9. Trogon melanoceplialus melanoceplialus Gould 756 10. Trogon melanoceplialus illsetabilis Bangs 759 11. Trogon citreolus Gould 759 Genus 5. Trogonurus Bonaparte 761 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Trogonurus 762 12. Trogonurus mexicanus (Swainson) 765 13. Trogonurus ambiguus ambiguus (Gould) 768 14. Trogonurus ambiguus goldmani (Nelson) 772 15. Trogonurus elegans (Gould) 773 16. Trogonurus puella (Gould) 775 17. Trogonurus aurantiiventris aurantiiventris (Gould) '. 778 18. Trogonurus aurantiiventris underwoodi (Bangs) 780 19. Trogon curucui tenellus (Cabanis) 781 Genus 6. Chrysotrogon Ridgway 784 Key to tbe Species and Subspecies of Cbrysotrogon 785 20. Chrysotrogon caligatus (Gould) 786 Genus 7 . Temnotrogon Bonaparte 790 21. Temnotrogon roseigaster (Vieillot) 791 Genus 8. Priotelus Gray 793 Key (Wolle) und vwzoc (Riicken)." (Cabanis and Heine.) 48 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. series, that on outer side sometimes indistinct, especially on upper portion; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; outer toe, without claw, reaching to or slightly beyond middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe slightly shorter; hallux about as long as inner toe but much stouter; basal phalanx of middle toe wholly united to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe; claws moderate in size and curvature, that of the hallux decidedly shorter than the digit. Plumage full, soft, and blended, that of the rump elongated and lax; feathers of crown and occiput (especially the latter) elongated, forming a more or less distinct decumbent crest of broad, rounded feathers. Coloration. — ^Adult males with pileum, wings, and tail black, the rest of upper parts gray or gray and black, in some species wholly black, except for white concealed patch on back and white wing- spots; back with a large concealed patch of white, the wings and taU with white markings; under parts gray, sometimes whitish on abdomen, etc., sometimes entirely black; adult females brown (some- times partly rufescent) above, with whitish markings on wings and concealed white patch on back, paler brownish or rufescent below. Nidiflcation. — ^Nest pensile, vireo-like; eggs white or creamy white, spotted or streaked with brownish. Range. — Honduras to Cayenne and southeastern Brazil, (About twelve species.)® « The type of Erionotus (Thamnophilus cserulescens Vieillot), together with Thamno- philus melanochrous Sclater and Salvia and probably several others referable to the same group (I have not seen T. tschudii Pelzeln, T. sethiops Sclater, T. dnereo-niger Pelzeln, T. stellaris Spix, T. tristis Sclater and Salvin, T. capitalis Sclater, nor T. cinereiceps Pelzeln), differs so much in relative size and shape of the bill from T. amhiguus Swainson, T. nxvius (Gmelin), T. gorgonse Thayer and Bangs, and related forms that there is some question as to whether the two groups are really congeneric; indeed, I have placed them together mainly on account of their very close resem- blance to one another in style of coloration. Another group, composed of species (referred by Dr. Sclater to the genera Thamno- philtis and Dysithamnus) distinguished by their very plain (mainly gray, slate colored or sooty) coloration, without black wings or tail and destitute of white markings on wings and tail or of a distinct white dorsal (concealed) patch, I do not, at present at least, refer to Erionotus. These species ( Thamnophilus murinus Pelzeln, T. simplex Sclater, T. capitalis Sclater, T. inornatus Ridgway, Dysithamnus leucostictus Sclater, Thamnophilus schistaceus D'Orbigny, Dysithamnus ardesiacus Sclater and Salvin, D. unicolor Sclater, D. plumhea (Maximilian), and D. subplumbeus Sclater and Salvin) differ considerably among themselves in structural details and may represent two or more distinct groups. Since they are all extralimital to the present work, however, I leave them as a problem for others to work out. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 49 KEY TO THE SURSPECIES OF ERIONOTUS PUNCTATUS. (7. Smaller (wing averaging less than 71 in adult males, less than 6S in adult females); adult females with lateral under parts distinctly darker than median portion. b. Paler; adult female more olivaceous. (South America in general.) Erionotus punctatus punctatus (extralimi(al).a bb. Darker; adult female more tawny or rufescent. (British Honduras to western Ecuador.) Erionotus punctatus atrinucha (p. 49). aa. Larger (wing averaging 72.1 in adult male, 70.1 in adult female); adult female with lateral under parts not distinctly darker than median portion. (Gorgona Island, Bay of Panama.) Erionotus punctatus gorgonse (p. 52). ERIONOTUS PUNCTATUS ATRINUCHA (Salvin and Godman). SLATY ANTSHRIKE. Similar to T. p. punctatus,^ but adult male with gray of both upper and under parts darker and adult female with general colora- tion darker and less rufescent (more ohvaceous), especially the pileiun.'^ Adult male. — Pileum black, more or less mixed with slate-gray on forehead (the latter sometimes extensively slate-gray barred or flecked with black); hmdneck mixed black and slate-gray, some- times miiform black; back mixed black and slate-gray (the former predominating), the feathers extensively pure white basally; scapu- lars and rump plain slate-gray; exterior row of scapulars black, broadly edged with white; Things black, all the wing-coverts con- spicuously tipped with white, tertials broadly edged with white, the other remiges narrowly edged Vvdth light gray; upper tail-coverts black, broadly tipped with white; tail black, all the rectrices tipped with a large white spot, except middle pair, which are narrowly tipped with white or else wholly black; outermost rectrix, on each side, with a quadrate spot of wliite crossing outer web beyond middle portion;*^ supercOiary region, sides of head and neck, and under parts plain gray (no. 6) or slate-gray, the sides of head (often chin a [Lanim] nsevius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 308, not of p. 304. — Tityra cayanensis, female! (Cayenne); Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 81. — Thamnophilus nsevius (not of Vieillot, 1816) Swainson, Zool. Joum., ii, no. v, April, 1825, 90; Orn. Drawings, pi. 59; Sclater, Cat. Bu'ds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 197, part. — E[nonotus] naevius Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, 16. — Lanius punctatios Shaw, Gen. Zool., ^ii, pt. ii, 1809, 327 (based on "Le Taehet. Levaill[ant] Ois." [pi. 77, fig. 1]).— (?) Thamnophilus nsevius albiventr is Taczanowski, Orn. du Perou, ii, 1884, 9. — T[ham- nophilus] naevius naevius HellmajT, Abh. K. B. Akad. Wiss., ii kl., xxii Bd., iii Abt., 1905, 659 (crit.). b See "Key," top of this page. c This is an unsatisfactory subspecies, and I am doubtful aa to its validity. Both very dark and light colored examples occur among specimens from Bogota, and I find it extremely difficult to correlate the color differences with geographic distribution. . m. spodionotus) from British Guiana Two adult males (D. m. mentalis) from southern Brazil Ten adult males of D. affinis from southwestern Brazil FEMALES. Three adult females from Guatemala 12.5 11 12.1 10.8 Ten adult females from Costa Rica 11.1 Two adult females from western Panamd, (Verd,gua and Chiri- qui) 11.2 Five adiilt females (D. m. semicinereus) from Colombia One adult female (D. m. andrei) from Trinidad 1L4 11.5 Six adult females of D. affinis from southwestern Brazil 11.6 58 BULLETIN 50, UlSriTED STATES NATIOlsTAL MUSEUM. D[ysithamniLs] olivaceus semidnereiLS.OB-EB.'aoi.S'Eii, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, no. 1281, Sept. 8, 1902, 129, in text (part). Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis Eedgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 193 (Clioctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).— Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., xi, 1910, 606 (Caribbean slope, 2000-4000 ft., and foothills of s. w. Pacific slope, Costa Rica; habits). — Ferry, Pub. 146, Field Mus. N. H., om. ser., i, no. 6, 1910, 271 (Guayabo, Costa Rica). DYSITHAMNUS PUNCTICEPS Salvin. SPOTTED-CROWNED ANTVIREO. Adult male. — ^Pileum and hindneck black and slate-gray, dotted "with white, the black in the form of irregular ('' herring-bone") mesial streaks, broader on occiput and hindneck, the white dots more transverse on forehead; back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail- coverts slate color or deep slate-gray, usually tinged, more or less, with olive, especially on rump and upper tail-coverts; tail olive-slate or slaty olive; general color of wings similar to that of back, but concealed portion of feathers more dusky, the lesser coverts dotted with white, middle and greater coverts tipped, or terminally spotted, with white (forming two distuict narrow bands), primary coverts (usuaUy at least) minutely marked at tip with white, and alula con- spicuously edged with white; auricular region slate-gray, tinged with olive and indistinctly streaked with whitish, the suborbital and malar regions white, or yellowish white, streaked and barred with dusky grayish; sides of neck and sides of chest plain slate-gray, passing posteriorly into a more bufly olive hue on flanks; median under parts (broadly) white, passing into pale bufly yellowish pos- teriorly, the chest (sometimes lower throat also) usually more or less streaked with dusky; under wing-coverts and broad edgings to inner webs of remiges 3"ello^vish white, the carpo-metacarpal region spotted with dusky; maxilla brownish black, mandible dull whitish (pale bluish gray in life ?) ; legs and feet horn color (bluish gray in life ?) ; length (skins), 108-113 (110); wing, 58-61 (59); tail, 34-38 (36); tarsus, 20-20.5 (20.2); middle toe, 11-12 (11.5). « Adult female. — Pileum light tawny-ochraceous, huffy cinnamon or wood brown, streaked, more or less broadly, with black, the streaks more or less cuneate or guttate and broader on occiput; back, scapu- lars, and rump plain hght grayish olive or haii' brown, the upper tail- coverts more brownish; tail dusky grayish brown with Hght oHve- brown edgings, the lateral rectrices narrowly margined at tip with pale brownish buffy; anterior lesser wing-coverts concolor with back, but shghtly darker centrally, the posterior ones and the middle coverts more dusky with a rather large terminal roundish spot of pale buffy; greater coverts dark brownish oHve, edged with paler, the outer web with a roundish terminal spot of buffy; remiges olive- brown (more buffy on edges of primaries), their inner webs dusky ^ Two specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 59 grayish brown; su])ra-aiiriciilar region streaked or spotted with black and pale biiiT or bufly whitish; under parts bufF, paler on throat and abdomen, more grayish or olivaceous on sides and flanks, the chest and throat (especially the former) narrowly streaked with black; bill, etc., as in adult male; length (skins), 103-107 (105); wing, 56.5-59 (57.7); tail, 36.5-40 (38.2); culmen, 15-17 (16); tarsus, 20-20.5 (20.2); middle toe, 12.5-13 (12.7).« Costa Rica (San Jose; Pacuare; Rio Sicsola) and western Panamd (Santiago de Ver&gua). Dysithamnus piincticeps Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 72 (Santiago de Venlgua, Panamd; coll. Salvin and Godman); 1867, 144 (Santiago de Verd- gua). — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, 115 (Pacuare, Costa • Rica).— ScLATER, Cat. Bii'ds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 223 (Verdgua).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 207, pi. 50, figs. 2, 3. — Car- RiKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 599 (in key; considered extralimital to Costa Rica?). [Dysithamnus] puncticeps Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 71. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 19. DYSITHAMNUS STRIATICEPS Lawrence. STREAKED-CROWNED ANTVIREO. Adult male. — ^Pileum and hindneck slate-gray, broadly streaked with black, the streaks becoming obsolete on hindneck; back, scapu- lars, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain olive or grayish olive, the upper back sometimes inclining to slate-gray; tail russet-olive or olive-browTi; lesser wing-coverts black, spotted with white, those along edge of wing mostly or wholly white; middle coverts black, tipped with a roundish spot of white or brownish white; greater coverts olive (darker on concealed portions), their outer webs tipped with brownish white (forming a narrow band across closed wing); remiges olive, with underlying portion dusky, paler on edge of primaries; alula black, the outermost feathers broadly edged with white; auricular region and sides of neck slate-gray, the former very indistinctly flecked with dusky; suborbital and malar regions paler gray, barred or flecked with dusky; chin, throat, and chest white, broadly streaked with slate-gray and with narrow blackish shaft- streaks; sides and flanks olive, more or less strongly suffused with buff; breast and abdomen white, or buffy white, passing into buff (more or less deep) on under tail-coverts; under wing-coverts mostly duU white; inner webs of remiges broadly edged with white; maxilla brownish black, mandible dull whitish (pale bluish gray, bluish horn color, or straw yellow in life) ; ^ iris brown, gray, grayish white, or bluish white; & legs and feet dusky or horn color (bluish gray or grayish blue in life);^ length (skins), 94-112 (102); wing, 56.5-61 (59.2); tafl, 31.5-35 (32.7); culmen, 15.5-17 (16.1); tarsus, 19-20.5 (19.8); middle toe, 11-12.5 (11.8). « c- Two specimens. b M. A. Carriker, jr., on labels. « Ten specimens. 60 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female. — Pileum pale cinnamon to russet, more or less dis- tinctly streaked with dusky; back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail coverts plain olive; tail brownish olive or olive-brown; general color of wings olive (paler on edges of primaries), the lesser and middle wing-coverts darker (sometimes blackish), each with a terminal spot of buff, the greater coverts with a buffy spot on tip of outer web; auricular region olive or buffy grayish, very narrowly streaked with whitish or buffy; suborbital and malar regions pale buffy, barred or flecked with dusky; chin and tliroat dull buffy whitish, usually with more or less distinct narrow streaks of dusky; rest of under parts buff (more or less deep) medially, this passing into olive on sides and flanks, the chest sometimes streaked with dusky; under wing-coverts mostly pale buff or dull buffy whitish, the inner webs of remiges broadly edged with the same; maxilla dusky brown, mandible duU whitish (in dried skins); legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 97-112 (103); wing, 56-60.5 (58.2); tail, 29-35.5 (32.2); culmen, 14.5-16.5 (15.4); tarsus, 18-21 (19.6); middle toe, 11-12.5 (11.9).*^ Immature Tnale. — Similar to the adult female but graj^er above and more whitish beneath. Costa Rica (Angostura; Talamanca; San Carlos; La Balsa; Dos Novillos; Siquirres; Guacimo; Guapiles; El Hogar; Carillo; La Chris- tina; Rio Reventazon; Rio SIcsola; Miravalles; La Vijagua). Dysithamnus striaticeps Lawrence, Aim. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., viii, May, 1867, 130 (Angostura, Costa Rica; colL U. S. Nat. Mus.); ix, 1868, 107 (do.).— Frantzius, Joiirn. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — Boucard, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1878, 60 (San Carlos, Costa Rica). — Zeledon, AnaL Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, 115 (Angostura, Costa Rica). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 223 ("Valza," i. e.. La Balsa, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., ii, 1892, 208.— Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 606 (Caribbean foothills, 800-1,500 ft., Costa Rica; habits; descr. nest and eggs). [Dysithamnus] striaticeps Sclater and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 70. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 19. Genus MYRMOTHERULA Sclater. Myrmotherula Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 234. (Type, Muscicapa pygmsea Gmelin.) Myrmotherium (emendation) Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, July, 1859, 12, footnote. Very small Formicariidse (length less than 100 mm.) with bill slender, nearly as long as head, tail less than two-thirds (sometimes less than half) as long as wing, and plumage either conspicuously streaked or else mostly uniform gray or slate color. Bill slender, depressed, nearly as long as head, its width at frontal antiae very much greater than its depth at same point, and equal to about half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla or less; culmen f^Ten specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 61 ilistmctly but not sharply ridged, straight for about basal half then more and more decurved terminally, the tip of maxilla minutely but distinctly uncinate; maxillar}' tomium slightly but decidcdl}^ con- cave, minutely but distinctly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium nearly straight, minutely notched subterminally; gonys nearly straight terminalh', gently convex basally. Nostril exposed, widely separated from feathering of frontal antine (the intervening space occupied by membrane), broadly (longitudinalh'-) oval, the internal tubercle visible within the posterior half. Rictal bristles present but minute. Wmg moderate, with longest primaries extend- ing decidedly beyond secondaries; sixth and seventh, fifth, sixth, and seventh, or sixth, seventh, and eighth, primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) more than half to about three-fifths as long as the longest, the ninth shorter than secondaries. Tail decidedly less than half as long as wmg (21. pygmsea) to slightl}^ more than half as long, very slightl}^ to decidedly rounded, the rectrices (10 in Al. pygmsea and 21. cinereiventris? ,"■ 12 in 21. surinamensis and 21. as^imilis) rather narrow, rounded terminally. Tarsus much longer than exposed culmen, much shorter than tail and about one-third as long as wing in 21. surinamensis, very much shorter than tail and decided!}^ less than one-third as long as wing in 21. cinereiventris and 21. assimilis, nearly as long as tail and much more than one-third as long as wing in 21. ])ygmsea, distinctly scutellate, the plantar scutella in two longitudinal series; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; outer toe, without claw, reaching to beyond middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe decidedly shorter; hallux about as long as inner toe but much stouter; basal phalanx of middle toe wholly united to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe; claws moderate in size and curvature, that of the hallux much shorter than the digit. Plumage soft and full, that of the rump much developed and fluffy; pileum not crested. Coloration. — ^Adult males black above, conspicuously streaked with white, the wing with two broad white bands, or else plain gray or slate color above, with small v/hite tips to wing-coverts, the tail with white terminal spots; the under parts white streaked with black {21. surinamensis) or immaculate pale yellow (If. pygmsea), or plain gray or slate color (21. cinereiventris and 21. assimilis) ; adult females with head and neck tawny or cinnamomeous, streaked with black above, otherwise much like adult males, or else with under parts cinnamomeous. ^ Nidijication. — Nest made of fijie roots and grass and suspended in a fork; eggs white or greenish- white. o According to Dr. Sclater M. jpygmsea has only 10 rectrices, and a specimen of M. cinereiventris apparently has only 10. & I have not seen females of M. cinereiventris nor of M. assimilis. 62 BULLiETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. Range. — Isthmus of Panama to Cayemie and Amazon Valley. (At least four species.)" KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MYRMOTHERULA. a. Under parts white, streaked with, black. (Panamd to Guiana and western Ecuaddr.) Myrmotherula surinamensis, adult male (p. 62). aa. Under parts neither white nor streaked with black. h. Under parts buffy, deepening into tawny on chest . Myrmotlierula surinamensis, adult female (p. 62). hh. Under parts of body pale straw or primrose yellow. c. Pileum narrowly streaked with pale yellow or yellowisli white; throat white. ' (Panama to Cayenne and Peru) . Myrmotherula pygmaea, adult male (p. 64). cc. Pileum streaked with pale rufous or tawny; throat buff or pale tawny. Myrmotherula pygmsea, adult female (p. 64). MYRMOTHERULA SURINAMENSIS (Gmelin). SITRINAM ANTWREN. Adult male. — Pileum, hindneck, back, and scapulars black, nar- rowly streaked with white, the feathers of back extensively white basally; rump plain gray (nearly no. 6), much paler posteriorly; upper tail-coverts dusky, indistinctly margined terminally with whitish; tail black, the rectrices tipped with white and edged on middle portion with the same; wings black, the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with white (forming two very conspicuous bands across wing), the remiges edged (except on basal portion of distal secondaries and proximal primaries) with white; under parts white, the throat narrowly, the chest, breast, sides, and flanks broadly, streaked with black; under wing-coverts and broad edgings. to inner webs of primaries white; maxilla dull black, mandible dull whitish (in dried skins) ; legs and feet pale yellowish gray (in dried skms); length (skins), 90-107 (96); wing, 49.5-52.5 (51); tail, 26-28.5 (26.9); culmen, 14-15.5 (15); tarsus, 16.5-18.5 (17.2); middle toe, 9.5-10.5 (9.9). «» Adult female. — Pileum bright tawny, the occiput and posterior part of crown streaked with black, the hindneck more buffy and with black streaks broader; back and scapulars black, streaked with a The following species, referred to Myrmotherula by Dr. Sclater, I have not seen and therefore have no very clear idea of the limits of the group: M. guttata (Vieillot), M. spodionota Sclater and Salvin, M. atrogularis Taczanowski, M. hxmatonota (Sclater) M. pyrrhonota Sclater and Salvin, M. erythrura Sclater, M. eryihronota (Hartlaub), M. hauxicelli (Sclater), M. longipennis Pelzeln, M. brevicauda (Swaiason), M. urosticta (Sclater), M. inornata Salvin, 31. unicolor (M4np( inidilK* pair) tippcnl with wliite, as jn adnlls; under parts phiin (Lnrk sooty l)rown, tinged with cJiestniit-browji or vandyko brown. Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Playa Vicente; Buena Vista), Oaxaca (Acatepec) and Tabasco (Teapa) through Guatemala (Choetum; sources of Rio de la Pasion; Yzabal; Telenuin; Los Amates; Uspantan, Quiche) to Honduras (Omoa; San Pedro; Rio Blanco) and British Honduras (near Manatee Lagoon; Toledo District). Formicivora boucardi Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 241, 300 (Acdtcpec, Oaxaca; coll. P. L. Sclater); 1859, 383 (Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 183, pi. 16 (Oaxaca; Choetum, Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 254, part (Acdtepec, Oaxaca; Choetum and sources of Rio de la Pasion, Guatemala). — Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 55 (Omoa, Honduras). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 119 (Omoa, Honduras; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 837 (San Pedro, Honduras). — Salvin and God- man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 216, part (Acdtepec; Playa Vicente; Choetum, Yzabdl, and Telemdn, Guatemala; Omoa and San Pedro, Hon- duras).— Dearborn, Pub. 125, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 1907, 109 (Los Amates, e. Guatemala). [Formicivora] boucardi Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 72, part. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 26, part. Formicivora boucardii Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1878, 39 (Guatemala; Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz). D[rymophiIa] boucardi Richmond, Auk, xvi, Oct., 1899, 354, in text. MICRORHOPIAS BOUCARDI VIRGATA (Lawrence). PANAMA ANTWREN. Similar to 21. h. boucardi but adult male more intensely and extensively black (even the sides and flanks usually black or slate- black),'* the adult female with color of under parts much darker (rufous-chestnut instead of rufous-tawny) and upper parts darker. Adult maZe.— Length (skins), 96-113 (106); wing, 47.5-51 (49.5); tail, 40-49 (45.9); cuhnen, 13-14.5 (13.8); tarsus, 15-16 (15.7); middle toe, 8.5-9.5 (8.9).^ ° A few specimens from Nicaragua and Costa Rica have the flanks slate color, much as in northern examples (if. b. boucardi), but all of the females seen from Costa Rica belong unmistakably to the Panama form. (I have not seen any females from Nicaragua.) The white mesial streaks showing on the adult male described by Mr. Lawrence (and on which the name virgata was based) are an individual peculiarity, which I do not find repeated in any other specimen examined, even from Panama. This form is distinctly intermediate in coloration between M. b. boucardi and M. b. consobrina of Colombia and Ecuador, ?> Twenty-one specimens, 80 BULLETIISr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. Adult female.— Length (skins), 96-109 (103); wing, 45-52 (48.2); tail, 40-46.5 (42.1); culmen, 12.5-14 (13.5); tarsus, 15-17 (15.8); middle toe, 8.5-10 (9.1).« Nicaragua (Chontales; Los Sabalos; Rio Escondido; San Emilis), Costa Rica (San Carlos; Peje; Pacuare; La Balsa; Talamanca; Sipurio; Rio Sicsola; Jimenez; Angostura; Guapiles; Guacimo; Siquirres; La Cristina; Tuis; El Hogar; San Jose; La Concepcion; La Florida; Pozo Azul de Pirris; Pozo del Pital; Pozo del Rio Grande; Paso Real; Lagarto; Boruca; Buenos Aires; Palmar; El General; La Vij^gua), and Panama (Divala and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Panama; Lion Hill). Formicivora boucardi (not of Sclater, 1858) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 356 (Panama; crit.). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 195 (Bugaba, Panamd); Ibis, 1872, 318 (Chontales, Nicaragua). — Boucard. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 61 (San Carlos, Costa Rica). — Nutting, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 405 (Los Sdbalos, Nicaragua; habits). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 254, part (Chontales, Nicaragua; Peje and Angostura, Costa Rica; Panama, Bugaba, and Chiriqui, Panama). — Salvin and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 216, part (Chontales and Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; Angostura, Pacuare, Peje, San Carlos, Jimenez, La Balsa, and Pozo Aziil de Pirris, Costa Rica; Chiriqui, Bugaba, and Lion Hill, Panama). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 501 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits). — Cherrie, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, 1893, 43 (Palmar, Lagarto, Boruca, and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica; habits). — Bangs, Auk, xxiv, 1907, 296 (Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, and Lagarto, s. w. Costa Rica). [Formicivora] boucardi Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 72, part. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 26, part. Formicivora boucardii Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 108 (Angostura, San Jose, and Pacuare, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Joum. fiir Om., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 115 (Pozo Aziil, Pacuare, Jimenez, and La Balsa, Costa Rica). Formicivora boucardi Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 19 (Pozo del Pital, Costa Rica). Formicivora quixensis (not Thamnophilus quixensis Comalia) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 325 (Lion Hill Station, Panamd). Formicivora virgata Lawrence, Ibis, v, April, 1863, 182 (Lion Hill Station, Panama; coll. G. N. Lawrence); Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1863, 484 (Lion Hill).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 217 (Chon- tales, Nicaragua; Lion Hill, Panamd). D[rymophila] virgata Richmond, Auk, xvi, Oct., 1899, 354, in text. [Formicivora] virgata Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 26 (Panama to Nicaragua). Formicivora boxicardi virgata Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 610 (Costa Rica; crit.; habits). MICRORHOPIAS BOUCARDI CONSOBRINA (Sclater). ECUADORIAN ANTWREN. Similar to M.h. virgata, but adult male with rectrices more broadly tipped with white, the adult female with under parts deep chestnut o Fourteen specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 81 instead of rufous- or tawny-chestnut, the upper parts also shglitly (hirker. Adult male. — Length (skin), 109; wing, 49.5; tail, 46; culmen, 12.5; tarsus, 16.« Adult female.— Length (skin), 116-121 (118); wing, 48.5-51.5 (50); tail, 45.5-52 (48.7); tarsus, 16.5; middle toe, 10.^ Xorthwestern Colombia (Rio Truando) to western Ecuador (Babahoyo; Esmeraldas; Balz^r Mts.; Sarayacu; Chimbo) and Cayenne. Formicivora consobn'na Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., I860, 279, 294 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuad6r; coll. P. L. Sclater); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 183 (Babahoyo) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 255 (Babahoyo, Esmeraldas, Balzdr Mts., and Sarayacu, Ecuad6r; Pocune aud Medellin, Antioquia, and Bogota, Colom- bia; Cayenne). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 525 (Pocune, Antioquia, Colombia). — Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 565 (Chimbo, w. Ecuad6r). [Formirirord] consobrina Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 72. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 26. D[rymophila] consobrina Richmond, Auk, xvi, Oct., 1899, 354, in text. Formicivora quixensis (not Thavinophilus quixensis Cornalia) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 190 (Rio Truando. n. w. Colombia). Formicivora boucardi (not of Sclater) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 216, part (Rio Truando). MICRORHOPIAS GRISEA ALTICINCTA (Bangs). SAN MIGTJfiL ANTWREN. Similar to M. g. intermedia ^ of Colombia and Venezuela, but adult male much darker above (deep grayish sepia, purplish slate color, or deep brownish slate instead of hair brown 'or broccoli brown) and more extensively black beneath, the adult female darker brown above and much more strongly buffy beneath.. « One specimen, from Rio Truando, Colombia. & Two specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Tar- sus. Middle toe. FEMALES. One adult female from Rio Truando, Colombia. 48.5 51.5 45.5 [52?] 16.5 16.5 10 One adult female from Ecuador 10 Besides having a longer wing and, apparently, much longer tail than the Rio Truando specimen, that from Ecuador has the white tips to the rectrices much more extensive. The specimens examined, however, are all imperfect, and a much better series would be necessary to show whether the Colombian and Ecuadorian birds are really different or not. cSeep. 77. 81255°— Bull. 50—11 6 82 BULLETIlsr 50, UlSriTED STATES NATIOjSTAL MUSEUM. Adult male. — Above plain purplish slate color (between slate color and seal brown) , deep grayish sepia or deep brownish slate ; wings and tail black; anterior portion of lesser wing-covert area white, the remaining lesser coverts, together with middle coverts, with a small terminal roundish spot of white; greater coverts broadly tipped with white, forming a very conspicuous band across wing; remiges narrowly and indistinctly edged (except basally) with grayish brown, the edgings broader on tertials, where sometimes whitish terminally; three outermost rectrices (on each side) broadly tipped with white, this extending much farther on outer than on inner web, the extent of the white greatest (on both webs) on second rectrix; a broad superciliary stripe of white extending from sides of forehead to sides of nape, where confluent with a white area extending from sides of neck to flanks; loral, suborbital, auricular, and malar regions, chin, throat, chest, breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts uniform black, the sides and flanks immaculate white outwardly, streaked black and white along exterior margin of the black median area; under wing-coverts black (the under primary coverts w^hite, tipped v/ith black); inner Vv^eb of remiges broadly edged with grayish white; biU black, paler on tomia; legs and feet grayish black (plumbeous in life?); length (skin), 113-116 (115); wing, 54.5-59 (55.7); tail, 45-49 (46.5); culmen, 14-15 (14.5); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.3); middle toe, 11-12 (11.5).^^ Adult female. — Above much as in adult male, but the general color decidedly more brownish (deep broccoli bro^vn on back, etc., more grayish brown on pileum and hindneck), the remiges more distinctly edged with brown; sides of head (including superciliary stripe, which is less sharply defined than in adult male) pale grayish buffy or dull buffy whitish, interrupted by a narrow postocular streak of dusky, the suborbital region v^^ith very narrow and indis- tinct bars of dusky, the auricular region with fine shaft-streaks of whitish; chin and upper throat white, passing into buff on chest, this into paler buff on other lower parts, the under tail-coverts (some- « Six specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- men. Tar- sus. Middle toe. MALES. Six adult males from San Miguel Island 55.7 53.5 53.7 54.7 59.5 ■Ui.5 ■IS 47. S 49. 5 52. 5 14.5 14. S 14.3 14 20.3 20.3 20 21 22 11.5 11.5 Three adult males (M. g. margaritemis) from Margarita I., Venezuela Two adult males ( ^f. g. inlcrmcdia) from Venezuela (main- land) 11.3 11.5 12.5 BIKJOS OF NOKTJt AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 83 timos flanks also) and contor of abdomen nearly white; bill and foot as in adult male, but mandible palo grayish brown (l)luish gray in Hfo?); length (skin), 112-llG (114); wing, 50-52.5 (51.5); culmen, 4;^-45 (43.S); tarsus, 14-14.5 (14.1); middle toe, 11-11.5 (11.2).« Immature male, — Similar to the adult female, but whitish super- ciliary stripe more distinct, and with throat, chest, and brc^.ast inter- mixed with black. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama. Drymopkila intermedia (not Formicirora intermedia Cabanis) Bangs, Auk, xviii, Jan., 1901. 30 (San Miguf^l I.. Bay of PanaxTi^). Formicivora alticincta Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii. Mar. 31, 1902, 71 (San Miguel I., Bay of Panama; coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs). — Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xlvi, 1905, 150 (San Miguel I., crit.). Genus TERENURA Cabanis and. Heine. Terenura b Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, July, 1859, 11. (Type, Myiothera maculata Maximilian.) PhyUobates<^ Bertoxi, Aves Nuevas del Paraguay, 1901, 142. (Type, P. eryth- ronotus 'BeTtom= Myiothera maculata Maximilian.) Small Formicariidse (length about 90-100 mm.) with long tail, slender bill, no trace of rictal bristles, and bright coloration. " This Uttle group leads away from Formicivora [i. e. MicrorJiopias] to PsilorhamiyJius and RJiamjjJiocsenus. The bill is hardly longer than in Formicivora, but smaller; the nostrils are more elongated, and have a slight membraneous operculum as in PsilorJiampTius. The tail is rather long, thin, and delicate; the tarsi are more like those of Formicivora, and show the divisions of the scutes."'^ ' * Terenura is a peculiar genus of doubtful affinities, but remarkable for the bright colours of its members. These colours (black, bright yeUow, chestnut, and olive), it is true, are all to be found in different species of Formicariidse, but in Terenura alone are they associated in a single bird. "Cabanis and Heine, who founded the genus, placed it between RampJiocsenus and Ellipura (= Formicivora) , and in this position it was left by 'Mi. Sclater. We can not see that it has much in common with either of these forms, which, different as they are, both possess well-defined rictal bristles, not a trace of which can we see in Terenura. Mr. Sclater speaks of the presence in the latter genus of a slightly membraneous nasal operculum such as is found in Bhamphocsenus, but the specimens of Terenura callinota before us have open nostrils without any overhanging membrane. o Three specimens. & "Von ripTjV (zart) und o!jpa (Schwanz)." (Cabanis and Heine.) <^4'u)lov, a leaf; /3a-n}c, one who treads or covers; a climber. (Bertoni.) <* Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 257. 84 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. "On the whole, and in the absence of any information as to the habits of any species of Terenura, we are inchned to place the genus near Myrmotherula, notwithstanding the difference of coloration and the much longer tail. "The bill is longer than that of Myrmotherula surinamensis, but is otherwise very similar. The wings are decidedly longer and less rounded. The tarsi are covered behmd with large scutella, the sutures of which are, however, rather indefinite. "Four or five species constitute the genus Terenura, all more or less rare birds. These are distributed over a wide area of Tropical America— one or two in Southeastern Brazil, one in Guiana, one in Eastern Ecuador, and T. callinota, a western and northwestern bird the range of which is given below"'* [Veragua to Peru]. TERENURA CALLINOTA (Sclater). RtTFOUS-RUMPED ANTWaEN. Adult male.^Ahove greenish olive; cap black; lores and sides of head whitish; lower back bright chestnut; wings and tail blackish, with olivaceous edgings; wing-coverts black, broadly tipped with white; bend of whig and adjoining coverts bright yellow; beneath pale greenish yellow; throat and breast pale cinereous; under wing- coverts sulphur-yellow; whole length 4 inches, wing 2.2, tail 1.7.^ Western Panama (Calobre, Veragua) through Colombia (Bogota) and Ecuador (Nanegal; Pallatanga) to central Peru (Roypaybamba). Formidvora callinota Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 89, pi. 96 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. Brit. Mus.,) 147 (Bogota); 1858, 242 (Bogota). Terenura callinota Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 530 (Roypay- bamba, centr. Peru); Om. du P^rou, ii, 1884, 52.^ — Taczanowski and Ber- LEPSCH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 118 (Pallatanga, Ecuador). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 257 (Calobre, Veragua; Bogota; Nanegal, Ecuador). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 213. — Ber- LEPscnand Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, 58 (Ropaybamba, Peru). [Terenura] callinota Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 72. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 27. Genus RAMPHOC^NUS Vieillot. Ramphocsenus <^ Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxiv, 1818, 112 (diagnosis but no type given). Ramphocoenus Yieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxix, 1819, 5. (Type, R. melanwv^ Vieillot.) Rhamphocsenus (emendation) Strickland, Ann. Mag. N. H., vi, 1841, 421. Acontistes Sundevall, Kgl. Vet.-Ak. Handl., 1835 (1836), 95. (Type, Rampho- csenus mdanurus Vieillot.) Scolopacinus Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 119. (Type, S. riifiventris Bonaparte.) « Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 213. ft Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 257, 258. c^a/i^dc, rostrum, mcvoc, novus. (Vieillot.) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 85 Very small Formicariiila> (lengtli about 120-135 iniii.) willi ]ow^, slender bill (longer than head), long, slender tarsi (nearly as long as exposetl ciihuen) and with tail fonr-fifths as long as wing. Bill very long (longer than head), straight, and slender, its width at frontal antise decidedly greater than its depth at same point and equal to about one-fourth tlie distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; culmen sharply ridged, straight, the extreme end abruptl}' and ratlier strongly decnrved, the tip of maxilla ver}^ minutel}'^ uncinate; maxil- lary tomium faintly concave for anterior half or more, verj'' faintly (obsoletely) notched subtermmally; mandibular tomium straight, faintly decurved terminally, mthout trace of subterminal notch, the tip of mandible very slightly decurved; gonys nearly straight, very slightly promhient basally. Nostril exposed, widelj^ sejDarated from feathering of latero-frontal antise, narrow, longitudinal, overhung by a broad, convex operculum. Rictal bristles distinct, but rather few and slender; feathers of clihi without terminal setse. Wing moderate or relativel}^ rather large, with longest primaries extending shghtly but decidedly beyond secondaries; fifth, sixth, and seventh prunaries longest, the tenth (outermost) less than half as long as longest, the ninth much shorter than secondaries. Tail about four- fifths as long as ^\'ing, graduated (graduation less than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), the rectrices (10) rather narrow, rounded terminall}^. Tarsus about as long as bill from frontal antise, two- fifths as long as "^^ing, slender, the scutella of acrotarsium fairly distinct, those of the planta tarsi undivided; middle toe, with claw, about two-thirds as long as tarsus; outer toe, without claw, reaching to beyond middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe decidedly shorter; hallux about as long as inner toe but much stouter; basal phalanx of middle toe wholly united to both outer and inner toes, the second phalanx partly united to outer toe; claws moderate in size and curvature, that of the hallux shorter than its digit. Plum- age full, soft, and blended, that of rump and flanks elongated, more lax or fluffy; feathers of pUeum not elongated. Coloration. — Above plain brownish (back, etc., sometimes more grayish), the tail blackish, with or without wliitish tip to rectrices; beneath whitish, more or less strongly buffy or rufescent laterally: sexes alike. Range. — Guatemala to southeastern Brazil. (Four species.) RAMPHOCiENUS RUFIVENTRIS RUFF/ENTRIS (Bonaparte). NORTHERN LONG-BILLED ANTWREN, Adults {sexes aliJce). — Pileuni and hindneck plain olive-brown (be- tween prouts brown and raw umber); rest of upper parts (except tail) plain deep grajdsh olive or olive-slaty, the concealed portion of 86 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. wing-feathers darker; tail dull slate-black or blackish slate, the three outer rectrices (on each side) with an apical or subapical area of duU white, this most developed on inner web of two outermost, which have a narrow longitudinal area of dusky on terminal or subterminal portion of outer web; sides of head and neck plairi cinnamon or russet, broken by an indistinct postocular streak of olive-brownish; cliin and throat white, more or less broken by partly exposed dusky basal portion of feathers; rest of under parts plain buff, or pinkish buff, deepest (sometimes nearly ochraceous-buft') laterally, paler medially (sometimes nearly white on abdomen) ; thighs mostly dusky olive-gray; under wing-coverts pale cream buff or buffy white; inner webs of remiges edged with wliite or buffy white ; maxilla horn brown (sometimes darker terminally), mandible much paler (pale bluish gray to flesh color in Hfe); iris brown; legs and feet horn color (bluish gray or grayish blue in life). Adult male.— Length (skms), 109-127 (120); whig, 46-54.5 (51.2); tail, 36.5-43.5 (40.9); cuhnen, 22-26 (24); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.9); middle toe, 10.5-12 (11.1).« Adult female.— Length (skins), 105-119 (113); wing, 45.5-53 (49.2); tail, 36-41 (38.6); culmen, 20-24.5 (23.1); tarsus, 20-22 (21.3); middle toe, 11-11.5 (11.2).^ Young. — Essentially like adults, but back, rump, etc., soft grayish brown (nearly concolor with pileum and hindneck), and under parts pale grayish brown, approaching dull buffy whitish on throat and abdomen. Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Playa Vicente; Buena Vista; San Andres Tuxtla), Oaxaca (mountains near Santo Domingo), « Eighteen specimens. b Sixteen specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- men. Tarsus. Middle toe. MALES. Two adult males from southern Mexico 50 50.7 54 46 51.7 51.5 51.6 48.2 49 47.5 49.4 51.5 47 40 43 40 42 41 39.2 44.5 39.2 37.5 39.5 38.4 39 38 22 24.5 26 24 24 23.2 25.1 24 23 22.5 23.1 24.5 21.2 20.7 21 21 20.9 20.7 21.9 21 22 21 20.8 22 22 10.7 Two adult males from Chiapas and Guatemala 11.2 One adult male from Honduras. . 11 One adult male from British Honduras.. . 10.5 Ten adult males from Nicaragua (4) and Costa Rica (6) Two adult males from PanamA (line of railway) 11.3 10.7 Four adult males {E. r. sanctas-martx) from Colombia 11.4 FEMALES. Two adult females from southern Mexico (Vera Cruz). 11 One adult female from Chiapas 11.5 Two adult females from British Honduras 11 Ten adult females from Nicaragua (3) and Costa Rica (7) One adult female from Panamd (VerAgua). 11.2 11 One adult female (R. r. sanctx-marlu:) from Colombia 12 BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 87 and Chiapas (Palenqiio; San Benito) and southward through Guate- mala (Coban; Choctiuu; Chisec; Tjanquin; Retalhulou; Los Amates, Yzabal), British Ilonthu-as (Orange Walk; Cayo; near Soldiers Creek; near Manatee Lagoon), Honduras (Truxillo), Salvador (La Libert&d; Volcan de San Migu^4), Nicaragua (Chinandega; Greytown; Los Saba- los; Sucuya; Rio Escondido), and Costa Rica (Orosi; Lagarto; Bebe- dero; Mii-avalles; Pozo Aziil de Pirris; Pozo de Terraba; Pozo del Pit 111; Pozo del Rio Grande; Paso Real; Boruca; El Ilogiir; Carrillo; Guaciino; Cuiibre; Laguaria; Santa Maria de Dota; Tenorio; El Genen\l ; Bolson) to Panajn^ (Santa Fe de Veragua ; Calobre ; Bugaba ; Lion Hill; Panama; Sabana de Panama). Scolopacinus rufiveMris Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 119 (Guatemala; coll. Velasquez). E[hamphocxnus] rufiventris Gray and Mitchell, Gen. Birds, i, March, 1847, 157, pi. 47, fig. 2. Rhamphocxnus rufiventris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 202 (San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz); 1858, 244 (monogr.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 184 (Choctum, Guatemala); Ibis, 1883, 95, part (Guatemala to Panama; descr.; crit.); Cat. Bii-ds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 261, part (Coban, Choctum, Chisec, Lanquin, and Retalhuleu, Guatemala; Bebedero, Costa Rica; Bugaba, Calobre, and Santa Fe de Veragua, Panama). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 356 (Panama; crit.).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 386 (Sucuyd, Nicaragua), 405 (Los Sdbalos, Nicaragua). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1888, 581 (Truxillo, Honduras). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 219, part (San Andres Tuxtla and Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz; Orange Walk, Brit. Honduras; Choctum, Chisec, Lanquin, and Retalhuleu, Guatemala; Truxillo, Hondm-as; La Libertad and Volcan de San Miguel, Salvador; Chinandega, Sucuyd, Los Sabalos, and Greytown, Nicaragua; Bebedero, Costa Rica; Bugaba, Santa Fe de Verdgua, Calobre, and Lion Hill, Panamd,). — Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xlvi, 1906, 217 (Sabana de Panama).— Dearborn, Pub. 125, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 1907, 109 (Los Amates, Guatemala). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 611 (Costa Rica; habits). [RJiampJiocsenus] rufiventris Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 27, part (s. Mexico to Panama). [Rhamphocaenus] rufiventer Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, 126, part (Coban, Guatemala). Ramphocsenus rufiventris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 383 (Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz; crit.). — Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 399 (Choctum and Lanquin, Guatemala). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1863, 484 (Lion Hill, Panama); viii, 1865, 182 (Greytown, Nicaragua). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 145 (Santa Fede Veragua, Panama); 1870, 195 (Calobre and Bugaba, Panama); Ibis, 1869, 319 (Bebedero de Nicoya, Costa Rica). — Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1878, 39 (Guatemala). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 501 (Greyto^vn and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica).— Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 221 (Cayo, Brit. Honduras). [Ramphocxienus] rufiventris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 201. [Ramphocxnus] rufiventris Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 73. Rhamphocenus rufiventris Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 19 (Pozo del Pital, Costa Rica). 88 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus MICROBATES Selater and Salvin. Micxohates "■ Sclater and Salvin, Nona. Av. Neotr., 1873, 155. (Type, M. tor- quatus Sclater and Salvin= Rhamphocsenus collaris Pelzeln.) Very small, long-billed, long-legged Formicariidae, similar in appear- ance to RampTiocsenus but with shorter and broader bill, longer tarsi, relatively longer toes (especially the hallux), narrower nostrils with differently shaped operculum, and much shorter tail (only about half, instead of four-fifths) as long as wing. Bill about as long as head, nearly straight, its width at latero- frontal antise much greater than its depth at same point and equal to much more than one-third the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; culmen sharply ridged, straight for basal half (more or less), then very gradually decurved until near end, where more strongly decurved, the tip of maxilla minutely but distinctly uncinate; max- illary tomium faintly concave, minutely notched subterminally; mandibular tomium very faintly convex, at least terminally, mthout trace of subterminal notch; gonys faintly convex basally, straight terminally. Nostril exposed, distinctly separated from feathering of latero-frontal antiae, narrow, longitudinal (sht-hke), overhung by a broad but not convex membraneous operculum. Rictal bristles distinct but rather few and slender; feathers of chin without terminal setae. Wing rather large, with longest primaries extending slightly beyond secondaries, much rounded; fifth and sixth primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) less than half as long as the longest, the ninth very much shorter than, the eighth about equal to, secondaries. Tail slightly more than half as long as wing, rounded (graduation equal to much less than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), the rectrices (10) rounded at tip. Tarsus very long (decidedly longer than whole culmen, nearly half as long as wing), slender, the acro- tarsium faintly scutellate, the planta tarsi completely fused; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus (equal to or slightly longer than exposed culmen) ; outer toe, with claw, reaching to about middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe decidedly shorter; hallux much longer than inner toe (about as long as outer toe), much stouter; basal phalanx of middle toe wholly united to both lateral toes; claws moderate in size and curvature, that of the hallux much shorter than its digit. Plumage full, soft, and blended, that of rump and flanks elongated, more lax or fluffy; feathers of pileum not elongated. Coloration. — Above plain brown; sides of head blackish and white, or tawny; beneath white passing into dusky on flanks and under tail- coverts, the chest crossed by a band of black (M. collaris) or under parts of body gray, chest streaked vdth black and white, and throat white bordered on each side by a black stripe; sexes alike. "-" HCKpbc, parvus et ^axijg, qui incedit." (Sclater and Salvin.) BIEDS OF NOETII AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 89 Bange. — Southwestern Costa Rica to Cayenne and Eciiad6r. (Two species.)" MICROBATES CINEREIVENTRIS SEMITORQUATUS (Lawrence). HALF-COLLARED ANTWREN. Adults (sexes alil^e). — Pileiun and liindneck ])lain warm-sepia brown; rest of upper parts plain sepia, the edges of greater wing- coverts and secondaries (especially the tertials) more rufescent, the rectrices decidedly darker terminally; sides of head (except lores) plain ochraceous-buff to deep tawny-buff, this color extending more or less over sides of neck; lores dull wliitish broken by dusky bristle- like tips to feathers; anterior portion of malar region whitish; chin and tlu'oat wliite or grayish white, the latter bordered along each side by a broad but more or less broken streak of black; rest of under parts plain gray (no. 6 to mouse gray) passing into olive on flanks and under tail-coverts, the upper chest broadly streaked with black; maxilla brownish black with paler tomium, mandible dull wliitish (horn color, flesh color, or straw yellowish in life) ; iris brown; legs and feet horn color (dark bluish gray in life). Adult male.— Length (skins), 95-106 (100); wing, 51-57 (53.9); tail, 26.5-29.5 (27.7); culmen, 17.5-19 (18.1); tarsus, 22-24.5 (23.7); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.6).^ Adult Jenmle.— Length (skins), 92-101 (96); wing, 50.5-53.5 (51.5); tail, 24-28 C26.3); culmen, 17-19 (18.1); tarsus, 20.5-24.5 (23.1); middle toe, 12.5-13.5 (12.9).'= Costa Rica (Jimenez; San Carlos; La Balsa; Rio Sucio; Pacuare; Guapiles; Guacimo; Cuabre; El Hogar; Carrillo; La Vijagua) and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui; Santiago de Veragua; Lion Hill; Panama) ; Colombia (Antioqula) ? Ramphocsenus semitorqnatus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vii, 1862, 469 (Lion Hill Station, Panamd,; coll. G. N. Lawrence); ix, 1868, 108 ("Valza," i. e. La Balsa, Costa Rica; crit.). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 145 (San- tiago de Veragua, Panama; crit.); 1870, 195 (Calovevora, Panama). — Frant- zius, JoiuTi. flir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 61 (San Carlos, Costa Rica). — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 115 (Rio Siicio, Costa Rica). « I have not seen M. collaris (Pelzeln), the type of the genus, and the above generic description is drawn up from M. cinereiventris and its subspecies semitorquatus . 6 Thirteen specimens, c Ten specimens, from Costa Rica. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- men. Tar- sus. Middle toe. MALES. Ten adult males from Costa Rica 53.9 53.7 54 27.6 28.7 26.5 18.1 18.5 23.7 23 22.5 13.6 Two adult males from western Pan am 4 (Chiriqui). 13 One adult male from eastern Panama (line of raOway). 14 90 BtTLLETIlSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUM. [Ramphocxnus] semitorquatus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 73. Rhamphocsenus semitorquatus Sclater, Ibis, 1883, 96 (Veragua, Panama; Antio- quia, Colombia; crit.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 262 (Veragua; Antioquia). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 219 (La Balsa, Rio Sucio, and San Carlos, Costa Rica; Santiago de Veragua, Calovevora, and Lion Hill, Panama; Colombia). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 42 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, 1,000-2,000 ft.).— Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 612 (Caribbean lowlands to 1,500 ft., Costa Rica; habits). [Rhamphocsenus] semitorquatus Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 28. {l)Rhamphocaenus dnereiveniris (not of Sclater?) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 525 (Antioquia, Colombia; crit.). Genus CERCOMACRA Sclater. Cercomacra Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 244. (Type, Myrmothera cserulescens Vieillot.) Medium-sized Formicariidse (length about 120-135 mm.) with 10 rectrices, distinct rictal bristles, and color plain gray or blackish with concealed white dorsal patch and narrow white tips to wing- coverts (sometimes with broad white tips to lateral rectrices), the adult female of some species brown above, tawny or ochraceous below. Bill shorter than head, moderately stout, rather broad and de- pressed basally, its width at frontal antise much greater than its depth at same point and equal to at least half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; culmen distinctly ridged, straight basally, gently decurved for about terminal half, the tip of maxilla distinctly but not conspicuously uncinate; maxillary tomium nearly straight, minutely notched subterminally ; mandibular tomium nearly straight, minutel}^ (very indistinctly) notched subterminally; gonys faintly convex (more decidedly so basally), moderately ascending terminally. Nostril exposed, posteriorly in contact with feathering of latero- frontal antise, small, broadly oval, margined above and posteriorly by very narrow membrane, with an internal tubercle showing within posterior portion. Rictal bristles distinct; feathers of chin and malar apex with distinct terminal setae. Wing moderate, with longest primaries distinctly longer than secondaries; sixth, fifth and fourth, or fourth and fifth primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) one-half to nearly three-fifths as long as the longest, the eighth about as long as secondaries. Tail as long as wing or a little shorter, graduated (graduation about equal to length of tarsus), the rectrices (10) broad, rounded terminally. Tarsus much longer than whole culmen (a little more than one-third as long as wing), slender, the acrotarsium rather distinctly scutellate, the planta tarsi completely fused; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus (about as long as exposed culmen); outer toe, without claw, reaching to beyond middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe BIRDS OF NORTIT AND MIDOl.l'^. AMERICA. 01 decidedh^ shorter; hnllux about as lontj; as iniior too but inucli stouter; basal phalanx of middle toe united to outer toe I'or most of its length, to inner toe by about half its length (or less); claws moderate or rather weak, that of the hallux decidedly shorter than its digit. Plumage full and blended, that of rump and flanks more elongated anil lax; feathers of pileum not elongated. Coloration. — Plain gray, slate color, or blackish, th(^ back with a concealed patch of white, the wing-coverts narrowly tipped with wliite (lateral rectrices sometimes broadly tipped with white); adult females of some species similar but throat streaked with white, of others brown above, tawny or ochraceous below. Nidif cation. — Xest (of C. nigricans) composed of dry grasses, placed in fork of a low bush. Eggs mahogany color, mottled with darker shades of the same color.^ Range. — Southern Mexico to Cayenne, southeastern Brazil, and Peru. (About 10 species.)'' KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CERCOMACRA. a. General color black or slaty. ft. Lateral rectiices broadly tipped with wliite. (Cercomacra nigricans.) c. General color deep black, the throat without white streaks. (Eastern Panama to Venezuela, Triuiddd, and western Ecuador.) Cercomacra nigricans, adult male (p. 91). cc. General color blackish slate (more blackish beneath), the throat streaked with white Cercomacra nigricans, adult female (p. 92). bb. Lateral rectrices verj' naiTowly if at all tipped with whitish. {Cercomacra tyrannina.) c. Paler (slate color above, slate-gray below). (Eastern Panamd to British Guiana, western Ecuador, etc.) Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina, adult male (p. 93). cc. Darker (slate-blackish above, slate color or blackish slate below). (Western Panama to southeastern Mexico.) Cercomacra tyrannina crepera, adult male (p. 95). aa. General color olive-brownish above, tawny below. 6. Paler Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina, adult female (p. 93). bb. Darker Cercomacra tyrannina crepera, adult female (p. 96). CERCOMACRA NIGRICANS Sclater. BLACK TYRANNINE ANTBIRD. Adult male. — ^Uniform deep black, relieved by white tips to wing- coverts (anterior half of lesser covert area wholly white), broad white edging to outermost feather of alula, and broad white tips to rec- trices (except middle pair) ; feathers of back extensively white beneath surface; under wing-coverts uniform black for anterior half or more, white for posterior portion; inner webs of remiges broadly edged (except terminally) with white; bUl black; iris dark brown; legs and o Sclater and Salvm, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 526. b Some of these doubtless only subspecies. 92 BUTJiKTIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. feet dusky (bluish gray or grayish bhie in life) ; length (skins), 132-160 (148); wing, 61.5-71.5 (67.8); tail, 62.5-71 (67.1); culmen, 15.5-19 (17.4); tarsus, 22-24.5 (23.5); middle toe, 12-15 (13.4).^ Immature mxile. — Similar to the adult male but black less intense (more or less tinged with slate color), throat broadly streaked with whitish, and (sometimes) chest and breast very narrowly streaked with white; mandible pale horn color (in dried skins). Adult female. — ^Above plain slate color, the wings and tail marked with white, as in adult male; chin and throat mixed black and white; chest (except laterally) slate-black; breast (except laterall}^ black, irregularly streaked or otherwise marked with white; rest of under- parts (including sides of chest and breast), plain slate-gray, tinged with olive posteriorly; maxilla brownish black with paler tomia; mandible dull whitish (in dried skin) ; legs and feet horn color (bluish gray in life?); length (skm), 132-145 (138); wing, 60.5-63 (61.6); tail, 52.5-64 (60); culmen, 16-17 (16.5); tarsus, 22-24 (22.8); middle toe, 12-14 (13.1).^ Eastern Panama (Lion Hill; Paraiso Station; Panama; Sabana de Panama; San Miguel Island), through Colombia (Kemedios, Antio- qula; Santa Marta; Bucaramanga; Bogota; Rio Cauca) to western Ecuador (Babahoyo; Esmeraldas; Balzar Mountains; Pambilar; Chimbo), Venezuela (Altagracia) and Trinidad, Cercomaera nigricans Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 245 (Santa Marta, Colombia; coll. P. L. Sclater); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 184 (Bogota and Santa Marta, Colombia; Bababoyo, Ecuador); Cat. Bii-ds Brit. Mus., xa% 1890, 267 (Paraiso Station, Panamd; Santa Marta, Remedies, Bogota, and Bucara- manga, Colombia; Balzdr Mts. Santa Rita, Babahoyo, and Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 526 (Antioquia, Colombia). — Berlepsch, Jomii. ftii- Orn., 1884, 308 (Bucara- manga, Colombia). — Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 100 (Ecuador). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 215 (Lion Hill and Paraiso Station, Panamd; Ecuador; Venezuela; TrinidM; etc.). — Berlepsch and Hartert, Novit. Zool., ix, 1892, 76 (Altagracia, Venezuela; crit.), 612 (Pambilar, n. w. Ecuador). — Thayer and Bangs, o Seventeen specimens. b Ten specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- meu. Tar- sus. Middle toe. MALES. 66.6 68.4 70 61.2 61.9 60.5 05.9 68 67.7 00 61.1 52.5 17.4 17.7 16.8 17 16.4 16.5 23.3 23.4 24 23.5 22.6 13.5 Seven adult males from San Miguel Island, Panama 13.1 Three adult males from Colombia 13.8 FEMALES. 13.7 13 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 93 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xlvi, 1905, 150 (San ^IikikT^I L, Bay of Panamd); xlvi, 190G, 217 (Sabana de Panamd). [Ccrcomacra] nigricans ScLATERand Salvin, Nom. Av. Ncotr., 1873, 73. — Sharpk, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 29 (Fanama to Ecuad6r). rtiii(ilt)ia viaviilicauditi Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, GO, 247 (Triniddd; coll. P. L. Sclator); Cat. Am. lairds, 18(52, 185 (do.). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 325 (Lion Hill, Panama). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 356 (Lion Hill; crit.). [CrrcojJiocra] maculicaiidis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 73. Circomacra maculicaudis Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 268 (Paraiso Station and Panama, Panamd; Bogotd; Trinidad). — Hartert, Novit. Zool., v, 1898, 492 (Chimbo, 1,000 ft., n. w. Ecuador; crit.).— Bangs, Auk, xviii, 1901, 30 (San Miguel I., Bay of Panama). Ccrcomacra maculicauda Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 24 (Loma del Le6n, Panama). Ccrcomacra maculosa Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 279 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuad6r; coll. P. L. Sclater); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 184. CERCOMACRA TYRANNINA TYRANNINA (Sclater). TYRANNINE ANTBIRD. Adult male. — Above plain slate color, sometimes tinged, more or less, with olive on rump and upper tail-coverts, the feathers of inter- scapular region darker centrally and extensively white basally; anterior portion of lesser wing-covert area white, the remaining lesser coverts, together with middle and greater coverts, narrowly tipped or terminally margined with white, the alulae (sometimes outermost primaries also) edged with white; rectrices (except middle pair) usually narrowly tipped with white, this preceded by an indistinct bar or area of dusky; under parts plain slate-gray, sometimes tinged with ohve posteriori}-; under wing-coverts yellowish white, spotted or mottled with dusky on carpal region; inner webs of remiges broadly edged with yellowish white; bill brownish black or blackish brown; iris brown; legs and feet horn color or dusky (bluish gray or grayish blue m life); lenr^'^ (skms), 117-139 (132); wing, 59-64.5 (61.8); tail, 52.5-59 (56.2); culmen, 15.5-17.5 (16.4); tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.6); middle toe, 12.5-13 (12.9).° Adult female. — ^Above plain light olive to grayish olive, the tail browner (sepia), the wings also browner, with outer primaries edged \\'ith pale clay color or olive-buff, the wing-coverts (in part, at least) more or less distinctly margined terminally or narrowly tipped with the same or pale fulvous; under parts, including sides of head, plain ochraceous or tawny ochraceous, strongly tinged with olive on flanks, the auricular region also tinged or clouded with olive and with very narrow and indistinct shaft-streaks of paler ochraceous; maxilla dusky brown with paler tomium, mandible dull whitish (in dried skins); legs <^ Nine specimens. 94 TtTT TJ.TT. TTX 50, ITXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and feet brownish or horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 125-141 (131); wiQg, 57-61 (59.2) tail, 50-60 (54.7); cuhnen, 15.5-17 (16.3); tarsus, 21.5-23 (21.9); middle toe, 11.5-13 (12.7).° Immature male. — Similar to the adult female but ochraceous of under parts more or less intermixed, especially on anterior portions, with slate-grar. and anterior upper parts more grayish. Eastern Panama (Lion Hill; Chepo; Panama; Sabana de Panama; Cascaj al, Code ; Rio Lara) , and southward through Colombia (Bogota ; Rio Cauca; RemecUos, Antioquia; Bucaramanga), Venezuela (^lun- duapo; Maripa; Suapure; La L^nion, Caura; Bichaco), British Guiana (Roraima; Camacusa; Bartica Grove; Takutu River), Ecuador (Esme- raldas; Babahoyo: Chimbo; Yaguachi; San Javier; Pambilar: Foreste del Rio Peripa), to Peru (Ropaybamba; Huambo; Chirimoto) and northern Brazil (Rio Xegro; Para; Obidos). Pyriglena tyrannina Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 90, 147, pi. 98 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. Brit. Miis.). Cercomacra tyrannina Sclatee, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 245 (monogr.; Bogota); 1860, 294 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador; crit.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 184, part (Bogota, Colombia; Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.. XV, 1890, 184, part (Lion Hill, Paraiso, Cbepo, and Panama, Panama; Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Rorauna, Camacusa, Bartica Grove, and Takutu R., Brit. Guiana; Rio Xegro and Para, Brazil). — Sclatee and Salvln". Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 356 (Panama; crit.); 1879, 526 (Remedios, Antioquia; Colombia; descr. nest and eggs). — Pelzelx, Om. Bras., ii, Abth., 1869, 84. — Lataed, Ibis, 1873, 387 (Para, Brazil; food). — Taczaxowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 530 (Ropaybamba, centr. Peru); 1882, 31 (Huambo and CMrimoto, n. e. Peru); Om. du Perou, ii, 1884, 54. — SAivrs-, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 424 (Panama); 1885, 427 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, and Roraima, 3,000 ft., Brit. Guiana). — Beelepsch and Taczaxowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 565 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador; crit.). — Beelepsch, Joum. fiir Om., 1884, 308 (Bucaramanga, Colombia; crit.). — Taczanowski and Beelepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 68 (Chimbo, ^. Ecuador), 100 (Yaguachi, Ecuador). — Saxvadoei and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, 1899, no. 339, 7 (Rio Lara, Panama; crit.); xv, 1899, no. 362, 30 (Foreste del Rio a Eleven specimens. Locality. Wing. TaU. Cul- men. Tar- sus. Middle toe. MALES. .<3pt-pn ^rinlt malps frnm pastern Panamii 62.3 60 59.6 58.9 55.6 58.3 51.9 57 16 17.5 16.1 16.5 22.5 22.7 22.2 21.7 12.9 Ttto adnlt TTialPs froTn Vpnp7npla 13 FEMALES. Five adult females from eastern Panama SiT f^rlnlt. fptnalp'? froTn VpnpTiipla 12.6 12.7 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 95' Peripa, w. Ecuador; crit.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 214, part (Lion Hill, Panama, and Chepo, Panama; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Guiana). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 23 (Loma del Leon, Panama). — Hartert, Novit. Zool., ix, 1902, 612 (San Javier and Pambilar, n. w. Ecuador; crit.). — Berlepsch and Hartert, Novit. Zool., ix, 1902, 76 (Munduapo, etc., Venezuela). — Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xii, 1905, 286 (near Para, Brazil; crit.); xiii, 1906, 370 (Prata, near Pard); xiv, 1907, 32 (Obidos, Brazil; crit.). — Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xlvi, 1906, 217 (Sabaua de Panama). [Cercomacra] tymnnina Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., iv, Abth., 1870, 419. — Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 73, part. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 28, part (Panama; Colombia; Ecuador; Guiana; Amazonia). Eypocnemis schistacea (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 325 (Lion Hill, Panama). Disythamnus rufiventris Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., viii, 1867, 131 (Lion Hill, Panama; coll. G. N. Lawrence; =young male; see Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 316). CERCOMACRA TYRANNINA CREPERA (Bangs). DirSKY TYRANNINE ANTBIRD. Similar to C. t. tijrannina but adult male with coloration averaging much darker, the general color of upper parts blackish slate to slate- black, under parts slate color to blackish slate; adult female and young male not always distinguishable from those of C. t. tyrannina, but usually with color of upper parts darker and more brownish olive, the under parts decidedly deeper tawny. "^ Adult male.— Length, (skins), 124-148 (137); wing, 60-67 (63.4); tail, 54.5-62.5 (57.2); cuhnen, 15-18 (16.6); tarsus, 21.5-24 (22.9); middle toe, 12.5-14 (13.5).^ n There is mucli variation in intensity of coloration among specimens from Costa Rica and northward. As a rule, specimens from the Caribbean slope are much darker than those from the Pacific side, and were the differences strictly geographical two well-marked forms could easily be made out; but unfortunately both slate-colored and blackish examples sometimes occur in the same locality, as in eastern Nicaragua (Rio Escondido), Honduras (Rio Blanco and San Pedro Sula), while extreme dark specimens come from Bebedero, northwestern Costa Rica, and light colored ones from British Hondiiras. A large majority of the specimens from southwestern Costa Rica are so light colored that they could almost be referred to true C. tyrannina; but much darker ones occasionally occur there also. Specimens from Venezuela agree exactly with those from Bogota and Panama; but two adult males from Reyes and Mapiri, Bolivia, respectively, are quite as dark as the darkest examples of C. t. crepera. On the whole, I consider our present understanding of this species, with reference to its geographic variations, far from satisfactory. b Forty-four specimens. 96 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female.— Length (skins), 123-148 (134); wing, 57-63 (60); tail, 51-64 (57.4); culmen, 14-17 (15.9); tarsus, 20.5-23.5 (22.4); middle toe, 12.5-14 (13.2). « Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Play a Vicente; Sochiapa; Santa Lucrecia; Buena Vista), Tabasco (Teapa), and Chiapas (Palenque), and southward through Guatemala (Coban; Choctum; sources of Rio de la Pasion; Yzabal; Los Amates, Yzabal; Teleman; Chisec), British Honduras (Belize; near Manatee Lagoon), Honduras (Omoa; San Pedro; San Pedro Sula; Rio Blanco; La Bomba), Nicaragua (Matagalpa; Los Sabalos; Greytown; Rio Escon- dido; Sucuya; San Emilis; 4 leagues south of Lake Managua) and Costa Rica (Tucurriqui; Pacuare; San Carlos; Jimenez; El Hogar; Guacimo; Guapiles; Carrillo; Turrialba; Guayabo; Angostura; Juan Vinas; Rio Sicsola; Talamanca; Naranjo de Cartago; Pozo Azul de Pirns; Pozo del Rio Grande; Pozo de Terraba; Terraba; Buenos Aires; Boruca; Barranco, Boruca; Tenorio; El General; Pigres; Lagarto; Bebedero; Miravalles; La Vijagua; Cerro Santa Maria) to western Panama (Santa Fe de Veragua; Divala; Bugaba; Mina de Chorcha). Cercomacra tyrannina (not Pyriglena tyrannina Sclater) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 383 (Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 184, part (Choctdm, Guatemala; Omoa, Honduras); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 265, part (Chisec, Choctum, and sources of Rio de la Pasidn^ Guate- mala; Omoa, Honduras; Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Santa Fe, Bugaba, and Mina de Chorcha, w. Panama). — Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 55 (Belize, Brit. Honduras; crit.). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 119 « Thirty-nine specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- men. Tar- sus. 63.5 60.5 16 22.5 63.7 59 16.9 22.7 63.1 60.5 17.2 23 62.4 58.6 16.7 23 63 58.5 17.5 22.5 63 63.3 55.5 56.8 16.2 23.3 63.4 58.4 16.4 23.2 61 55 16 21.3 60.4 60.8 16.2 22.3 59 60.8 15 22.5 61.2 55.5 16.8 23 57.5 52.5 17 22 58 53.5 16 22.5 60.2 56.4 15.6 22.8 59.6 56 14.2 22.3 Middle toe. MALES. Thiree adult males from southeastern Mexico (Vera Cruz) Ten adult males from Guatemala Five adult males from Honduras Four adult males from eastern Nicaragua One adult male from western Nicaragua One adult male from British Honduras Ten adult males from eastern Costa Rica Ten adult males from western Costa Rica FEMALES. Two adult females from southeastern Mexico Nine adult females from Guatemala Three adult females from British Honduras Three adult females from Honduras One adult female from eastern Nicaragua One adult female from western Nicaragua Ten adult females from eastern Costa Rica Ten adult females from western Costa Rica 12.8 13.2 13.4 13.2 13.5 14 13.8 13.7 13 13.1 13.2 13 13 13 13.4 13.2 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 97 (Cobdii, Guatemala; Belize); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 837 (San Pedro, Honduras). — Salvin and Sclater, Ibis, 1860, 36 (Yzabdl, Guatemala). — Salvin, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 145 (Santa F6 de Verdgua, w. Panamd); 1870, 195 (Mina de Chorclia and Bugaba, w. PanamA). — Lawrbnce, .\nn. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 109 (Angostura, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Om., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 61 (San Carlos, Costa Rica); Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1878, 39 (Guatemala). — Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 386 (Sucuya, Nicaragua), 405 (Los Siibalos, Nicaragua). — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 115 (Pacuare, Jimenez, and Pozo Azul, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 214, part (Playa Vicente and Sochiapa, Vera Cruz; Belize, Brit. Honduras; Chis^c, etc., Guatemala; San Pedro, Honduras; Matagalpa, etc., Nicaragua; Tucurriqui, etc., Costa Rica; Bugaba, Mina de Chorcha, and Santa Fe de Veragua, Panamd). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 501 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits). — Cherrie, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, 1893, 42 (Lagarto, Boruca, Terraba, and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica).— ITnderwood, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica). [Cercomacra] tyrannina Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 73, part. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 28, part. Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., v, no. 1, Oct. 1, 1908, 9, in text (s. w. Costa Rica). Cercomacra crepera Bangs, Auk, xviii, Oct., 1901, 365 (Divala, Chiriqui, Panamd; coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs).— Dearborn, Pub. 125, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 1907, 109 (Los Amates, e. Guatemala; crit.). Coromacra tyrannina crepera Bangs, Auk, xxiv, 1907, 296 (Boruca, Paso Redl, Pozo del Rio Grande, and Barranca, s. w. Costa Rica). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., v, 1908, 8 (e. Costa Rica; crit.); vi, 1910, 612 (Costa Rica; crit.; habits).— Ferry, Pub. 146, Field Mus. N. H., orn. ser., i, no. 6, 1910, 271 (Guayabo, Costa Rica). Genus GYMNOCICHLA Sclater. Gymnocichla Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 274, (Type, Myiothera nudiceps Cassin.) Medium-sized Formicariidse (length about 140-160 mm.) resem- bling the larger and stouter species of Myrmeciza, but with bill ■sveaker, less compressed anteriorly and less strongly uncinate, the culmen less distinctly ridged; nostril smaller; relatively shorter tarsus (only two-fifths as long as wing) , with acrotarsium distinctly scutel- late; tail shorter (not more than four-fifths as long as wing), the adult males with loral and suborbital regions (sometimes whole pileum) naked. Bill about as long as head, narrowly wedge-shaped in vertical profile (with nearly straight lateral outlines), its width at posterior end of nostrils about equal to its depth at same point and equal to a Httle less than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; culmen slightly ridged, straight to near tip where abruptly decurved, the point of maxilla sHghtly or minutely uncinate ; tomium straight, with small subterminal notch, that of the mandible less distinct; gonys 81255°— Bull. 50—11 7 98 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. strongly convex and prominent basally, faintly convex and ascending terminally. Nostril exposed, small, longitudinally broadly oval, mar- gined above by a narrow extension of the membraneous integument of nasal fossa, an internal tubercle showing conspicuously in posterior portion. No trace of rictal bristles, and feathers of chin without terminal sets3. Wing moderate, very much rounded, but longest primaries extending decidedly beyond secondaries; sixth and seventh, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) between one-half and three-fifths as long as the longest, the eighth sUghtly longer, the ninth decidedly shorter, than secondaries. Tail about four-fifths as long as wing, much rounded (graduation not greater than length of cuhnen), the rectrices (12) broad, rounded terminally. Tarsus about two-fifths as long as wing, rather slender, the acrotarsium distinctly scutellate, the planta fused (sometimes indistinctly scuteUate on outer side); middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus, but decidedly longer than whole cuhnen; outer toe, without claw, reaching to or shghtl}" beyond middle of subter- minal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe slightly shorter; hallux shorter than inner toe but much stouter; basal phalanx of middle toe wholly or for much the greater part united to outer toe, about half united to. inner toe; claws moderate in size and curvature, that of the hallux decidedly shorter than the digit. Plumage full and blended, that of rump and flanks more lengthened and lax; loral, rictal, and orbital regions — sometimes forehead and crown also — naked, the crown with sparse hair-hke feathers or bristles. Coloration. — Adult males uniform black, -the wing-coverts (at least some of the lesser coverts) tipped with white, the back sometimes with a small concealed patch of white; adult females and young males bro^vn above, tawny or rufescent below; bare skin of head light blue in hf e (in both sexes) . Range. — Honduras to Colombia. (Two species.) KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF GTMNOCICHLA. a. General color black. {Males.) h. Forehead, lores, and more or less of crown nude. {Adult males.) c. Anterior margin of lesser wing-covert area mostly black; bill black. {Gymno- cichla nudiceps.) d. Deeper black, the posterior under paits black; smaller under wing-coverts mostly wholly black. e. Smaller (averaging: wing 76.4, tail 57.7, culmen 20.6, tarsus 29.4). (East- ern Panama and adjacent parts of northwestern Colombia.) Gymnociclila nudiceps nudiceps, adult male (p. 99). ee. Larger (averaging: wing 78.9, tail 61.7, culmen, 20.9, tarsus 30). (North- western Panam4 and western Costa Rica.) Gymnocichia nudiceps erratilis, adult male (p. 101). BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 99 dd. Duller black, the posterior uiulor parts blackish slate; smaller under wing- coverts broadly (ipjied with white. (Coast district of northeastern Colombia.) Gymnocichla midiceps sancta-martre, adult male (extralimital).'^ cc. Anterior margin of lesser A\ing-covert area broadly white; bill whitish or light yellowish. (Eastern Costa Rica to eastern Guatemala.) Gymnocichla chiroleuca, adult male (p. 101). bb. Forehead, lores, and crown feathered. ^Immature males.) b aa. General color brown above, deep tawny below. {Adult females.) b. Wing-coverts brown, indistinctly tipped with rufous-tawny. (Gymnocichla nudiceps.) c. Slightly paler and smaller (wing averaging 73.6, tail 55.4, culmen 19.7, tarsus 29.2) Gymnocichla nudiceps nudiceps, adult female (p. 99). cc. Slightly darker and larger (^^^ng averaging 75.1, tail 59.3, culmen 19.9, tarsus 29.-1 Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis, adult female (p. 101). c bb. ^Yiug-coverts blackish, broadly tipped with bright tawny. Gymnocichla chiroleuca, adult female (p. 102). GYMNOCICHLA NUDICEPS NUDICEPS (Cassin). BAKE-CROWNED ANTBIRD. Adult male. — Uniform black, slightly duller on rump, upper tail- coverts, and posterior under parts, the latter inclining to slate-black; all the wing-coverts margined terminally with white, alulae and outer- most piimary edged with white, and rectrices (except middle pair) narrowly tipped ^vith white; smaller under wing-coverts uniform black, the under primary coverts slate color or slate-gray, broadly margined with white; inner webs of remiges broadly edged with pale gray or grayish white; naked skin of head bright light blue in life; bni black; iris bro^^^l; legs and feet horn color or dusky (bluish gray or grayish blue in life?); length (skins), 143-157 (152); wing, 73.5- 80.5 (76.1); tail, 54-60 (57.1); culmen, 19.5-21.5 (20.6); tarsus, 28.5-30.5 (29.6); middle toe, 18-20.5 (18.9),^ Immature 7nale{= Myrmelastes corvinus Lawrence and M. ceterus Bangs). — Similar to the adult male but whole pileum feathered (only the loral and orbital regions being naked) and greater wing-coverts wholly dark sooty brown or sooty black (without white tips). Adult female. — Above plain ohve-brown, russet-brown or mummy brown, the wings more ruf escent (chestnut-brown) , with tips of wing- coverts (rather broadly) deep cinnamon-rufous, rufous-chestnut or deep tawny; tail dark russet-brown or vandyke brown, the rectrices (except middle pair) sometimes (usually?) narrowly tipped with pale fJ Gymnocichla nudiceps sancta-martx Ridgway, Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 194 (Santa Marta, Colombia; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). & The different forms distinguished by same characters as those given for adult males (c to cc) . c The adult female of G. nudiceps sancta-martse not seen by me. <^ Eight specimens. 100 BTTT.T.TCTTTvr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. rusty or whitish; interscapulars extensively white basally; under parts plain deep tawny or rufous-tawny to nearly chestnut, the color deepest on chest, palest on abdomen, the flanks tinged with olive; maxilla blackish, becoming more horn colored terminally; mandible horn color, paler (sometimes whitish) terminally; iris brown; legs and feet horn color (bluish gray or grayish blue in life); length (skins), 148-152 (150); wing, 72-76 (73.6); tail, 53.5-57 (55.4); culmen, 19-20.5 (19.7); tarsus, 28-30 (29.2); middle toe, 18-19.5 (18.8).« Eastern Panama (Loma del Leon; Panama) and adjacent portion of northwestern Colombia (Rio Atrato). Myioihera nudiceps Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, 106, pi. 6 (Isthmus Panama; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). Pyriglena nudiceps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, 113, part (Isthmus Panamd,); 1857, 47, in text. Gymnodchla nudiceps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 274 (monogr.); Cat. Bu-ds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 272, part (Lion Hill; Panama). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 295 (Lion Hill; Panama). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 356 (Lion Hill, crit.; descr. female).— Salvin and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 223, part (Lion Hill, Panama). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 24 (Lion Hill, Panama). [Gymnodchla] nudiceps Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 73, part.— Sharps, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 32, part. G[ymnodchla] nudiceps nudiceps Eidgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, 1908, 194, in text. Pithys rufigularis (not of Sclater, ex Turdu^ rufigula Boddaert) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 293 (Lion Hill, Panama; =adult female). Myrmedza ferruginea Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vii, 1862, 470 (Lion Hill, Panama; =adult female; see Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 356). Myrmelastes corvinus (not Thamnophilus corvinus Gould) Lawrence, Ibis, v, April, 1863, 182 (Lion Hill, Panamd Railway; coll. G. N. Lawrence); Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1863, 485 (Lion Hill). Myrmelastes lawrencii, part, Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 226, part (Lion Hill, Panamd). a Six specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- men. Tar- sus. Middle toe. MALES. Eight adult males from eastern Panamd. 76.1 77.7 78.9 81 73.6 75.1 74 57.1 60.5 61.7 60.5 55.4 59.3 58 20.5 21.2 20.9 21.5 19.7 19.9 18.5 29.6 28.7 30 30 29.2 29.4 30.5 18.9 Two adult males ((?. n. erralilis?) from western Panamd (Divala) 19 Ten adult males (G. n. erralilis) from southwestern Costa Rica. 19.4 18.5 FEMALES. Six adult females from eastern Panamd. 18.8 Ten adult females (0. n. erraiUin) from southwestern Costa Rica. 18.9 19.5 BIRDS OF NORTir AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 101 Myrmclastcs cettTus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 25 (Loma del Le6n, i. e.. Lion Hill, Panamd; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). [Mifnnelastes] ccterus Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 32. GYMNOCICHLA NUDICEPS ERRATILIS Bangs. COSTA RICAN BARE-CROWNED ANTBIRD. Similar to (t. n. nudiccps but averaging slightly larger, the adult female averaging more intense in coloration.'* Adult male.— Length (skins), 147-163.5 (153.5); wing, 75.5-83 (78.9); tail, 59.5-64.5 (61.7); exposed culmen, 20-22 (20.9); tarsus, 29.5-30.5 (30); middle toe, 19-20 (19.4).'' Adult female.— Length (skins), 137.5-153 (148); wing, 72.5-77.5 (75.1); tail, 56-62 (59.3); exposed culmen, 19-21 (19.9); tarsus, 29-30 (29.4); middle toe, 18-19.5 (18.9).* Southwestern Costa Rica (Boruca; Pozo del Rio Grande, Boruca; Terraba; Paso Real de Terraba; Buenos Aires; El General; Pigres), and northwestern Panama (Divala;"^ Mina de Chorcha; Bugaba; Chitra) ? (?) Gymnocichla nudiceps (not Myiotliera nudiceps Cassin?) Salvin, Proc. Zool. See. Lond., 1870, 195, part (Mina de Chorcha and Bugaba, Ver%ua, Panamd; crit.). — ScLATER, Cat. Bii-ds Brit. Mus.,xv, 1890, 272, part (Mina de Chorcha, Bugaba, Chiriqui, and Chitra, Panam4). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Ani., Aves, ii, 1892, 223, part (Chiriqui, Bugaba, Minade Chorcha, and Chitra, Panama). Gymnocichla nudiceps (not Myiothera nudiceps Cassin) Cherrie, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Kica, 1893, 42 (Boruca, Terraba, and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.). Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis Bangs, Auk, xxiv, no. 3, July, 1907, 297 (Boruca, s. TV. Costa Rica; coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., \d, 1910, 620 (Costa Rica; crit.; habits). GYMNOCICHLA CHIROLEUCA Sclater and Salvin. BARE-FRONTED ANTBIRD. Similar to G. nudiceps but adult male with bend of wing white and white tips to wing-coverts broader, much less of concealed white on back, and bill paler (plumbeous in life, whitish — at least termi- nally — in dried skins) ; adult female with wing-coverts very much darker, contrasting much more strongly with their tawny or rufescent tips. Adult male. — General color uniform black; bend of wing, broad tips to all the wing-coverts, and broad edging to outermost feather of alula and outermost primary, white; feathers of anterior portion o The diff-^rence in coloration of temales is by no means constant, but the average difference is very ob\'ious. & Ten specimens. c Having only adult males from that locality, I am not able to determine whether specimens of this species from Divala belong to the present form or true G. nudiceps. No specimens from, other localities in Chiriqui have been seen by me. 102 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, of interscapular area with more or less of white at base; lateral rec- trices sometimes narrowly tipped with white; bare skin of head pale blue ( azure or campanula blue back of eyes) ; bill, tarsi, feet, and claws plumbeous; iris dark red;*^ length (skins), 147-170 (160); wing, 76.5-81.5 (79) ; tail, 58-64 (60.9) ; culmen 20-23 (21.7) ; tarsus, 29-32 (31.1); middle toe, 18.5-20.5 (19.4).^ Immature male ( = Myrmelastes lawrencii Salvin and Godman) . — Similar to the adult male but entire pileum feathered (only the loral and orbital regions being naked) and greater wing-coverts wholly black. Adult female. — Pileum and hindneck rufescent brown (nearly mummy brown), somewhat more rufescent anteriorly and laterally; back, scapulars, and rump plain deep olive, the upper tail-coverts more rufescent; tail dark warm-sepia brown; lesser wing-coverts and margin of wing deep tawny-ochraceous, the former with concealed base of feathers dusky; middle coverts black, broadly and sharply tipped with tawny-ochraceous; greater coverts bistre brown, passing into black subterminally, their tips sharply and rather broadly tawny- ochraceous; remiges russet-brown or Vandyke brown, the edges of outermost primaries lighter (more russet); sides of head and neck and general color of under parts, including under wing-coverts, plain bright cinnamon-rufous or rufous-tawny, somewhat paler on abdomen and passing into olive-tawny on flanks and under tail-coverts; "naked skin of head pale blue (azure back of eye) ; bill, tarsi, feet, and claws plumbeous; iris dark red;"'^ length (skins), 151-163 (156); wing, 71-79 (75.9); tail, 59-60.5 (59.4); culmen, 19.5-21.5 (21.1); tarsus, 28.5-30.5 (29.6); middle toe, 19-19.5 (19.1).^ Young male. — Similar to the adult female, but pileum and hind- neck duller and less rufescent brown, middle and greater wing-coverts without ochraceous or tawny tips, and the tawny-ochraceous which a C. W. Rich,mond. b Ten specimens. c C. W. Richmond, manuscript. of lessor wing-covert area jniler. (Older specimens showinji; ailniixture of black, according to age.) Immature female. — Similar to the inmiatiire male. Northwestern Panama (Mina de Chorcha, ChiriquI) ; eastern Costa Rica(Tiicurriqiii; Jimenez; "San Jose;" El ITogar; Cuabre; Guapiles; l\io Sicsola; LaCristina; Talamanca), through Nicaragua (Matagalpa; KioEscondido; San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua) and Honduras (Omoa; Santa Ana) to Guatemala (Los Amates, Yzabal). Gyinnodchla nudiccps (not Myiothera niidiceps Cassin) Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 55 (Omoa, Honduras; habits). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 119 (Omoa). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 109 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica).— Frantzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). Gymnocichla chiroleuca Sclater and Salvin, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1869, 417 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 272 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Honduras). — Ridgway, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 469 (Santa Ana, Honduras; descr. female and young male). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 224.— Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 501 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits, notes, etc.). — Dearborn, Pub. 125, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 1907, 109 (Los Amates, Guatemala). G[ymnocichla] chiroleuca SAL^^:N, Ibis, 1869, 314, 318. [Gynmocichla] chiroleuca Sclater and Salvin, Nona. Av. Neotr., 1873, 73. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 32. Gymnocichla cheiroleuca Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 621 (Caribbean lowlands to about 1,000 ft., Costa Rica; habits). Myrmelastes laurencii Sal-vt:n and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, sig. 29, March, 1892, 226 (Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui, Panama; coll. Salvin and Godman). Myrmelastes lawrencei Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). [Myi-mdastes] lawrencei Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 32. Genus MYRMECIZA Gray. Myrmeciza Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1841, 34. (Type, Myrmoihera longipes Vieillot.) Myrvionax a Cabanis, in Wiegmann's Archiv fiir Naturg., xiii, pt. i, 1847, 210. (Type, Myrmothera longipes Yieillot.) Myrmelastes Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 274. (Type, M. plumheus Sclater.) Medium-sized Formicariidse (length about 130-165 mm .) resem- bling Gymnocichla but loral and suborbital regions feathered (only the postocular and rictal regions naked), tail relatively shorter (two- tlnrds to three-fourths, instead of four-fifths, as long as wing), the adult males not black (or else without white tips to wing-coverts) . Bill shorter than head, rather slender to moderately stout, its width at frontal antige equal to or slightly greater than its depth at same point and equal to nearly if not quite half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; culmen distinctly (sometimes rather sharply) a liup^g=p.ljpiirii, Ameise; &m^, Hen-scher, tyrannus. (Cabanis.) 104 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ridged, straight or nearly so for basal half or more, then gradually more and more decurved to the distinctly uncinate tip of maxilla; tomia nearly straight, minutely but distinctly notched subter- minally (more slightly so on mandibular tomium) ; gonys distinctly convex and prominent basally, gently convex or nearly straight and ascending terminally, the tip of mandible forming a minute slightly recurved point. Nostril exposed, separated more or less widely from feathering of latero-frontal antise, longitudinally oval, with an internal tubercle showing distinctly within posterior portion, mar- gined above by a more or less broad extension of the membraneous integument of the nasal fossa. Rictal bristles absent; feathers of chin, etc., without distinct terminal setae, but their webs semi- decomposed, bristle-like. Wing moderate, much rounded, the longest primaries projecting very little (sometimes not at all) beyond second- aries; fourth, fifth and sixth, fifth, sixth and seventh, or fifth and sixth, primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) a little more than half {M. plumbea) to two- thirds (J/, houcardi) as long as the longest, the eighth slightly shorter to decidedly longer than secondaries. Tail two-thirds to slightly more than three-fourths as long as wing, strongly rounded (graduation equal to less than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), the rectrices (12) rather narrow to rather broad (M. plumbea), rounded terminally. Tarsus much longer than whole culmen, two-fifths as long as wing or a little more, the acrotarsium distinctly scutellate, the planta fused (nonscutellate) ; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; outer toe, without claw, not reaching to middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe slightly shorter; hallux about as long as inner toe, but much stouter; basal phalanx of middle toe united to outer toe for much the greater part, to inner toe for not more than basal half (for less than basal half in M. houcardi) ; claws moderate in size and curvature, much compressed, that of the hallux decidedly shorter than its digit. Plumage full and blended, that of rump (and to a less extent that of flanks also) much lengthened, more lax; feathers of pileum short and blended in M. plumhea, more elongated and distinctly outlined in other species; rictal and postocular regions naked, the loral and frontal regions more or less scantily feathered. Coloration. — (I) Adult males uniform black, including outer sur- face of wings; adult females brown, the head more dusky. (II) Adult male plain slate color, the wing-coverts spotted with white; adult female similar but under parts bright tawny. (Ill) Adult males brown above, the head and neck slate color or olive, the wing-coverts with or without white spots; under parts gray or slate color, darker (sometimes black) on throat, the flanks brownish; adult females duller, brownish or rufescent below, or (in M. Ixmosticta) similar to the male but the black tln-oat barred with white. (IV) Adult males BIRDS OF NOETII A]S;D MIDDLE AMEIUCA. 105 bright oiiinaiiion-iufoiis, more grayish (sometimes wholly gray) on pihnim and hindneck, the wing-coverts sometimes spotted with black; sides of liead, throat, and chest black, rest of under parts white medially, grayish and fulvescent laterally; adult females similar but without black on under parts. liange. — Nicaragua to western Ecuador, Amazon Valley, and British Guiana. (About six species.)'^ KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MYRMECIZA. • a. Under parts partly black. b. Back, wings, etc., brown or cinnamon-rufous. c. Abdomen white; back, wings, etc., cinnamon-rufous or rufous-chestnut. ( Mynn edza boucardi.) d. Whole chest gray. e. Pileum and hindneck wholly gray; no black spots or bars on wing-coverts. (Central Colombia.) Myrmeciza boucardi boucardi, adult male (extralimital).^ ee. Pileum and hindneck mostly rufous-brown; wing-coverts with con- spicuous bars or transverse spots of black. (Central Venezuela.) Myrmeciza boucardi griseipectus, adult male (extralimital).c dd. Upper chest black, like throat, the lower chest white medially. ee. Sides of chest paler and less extensively gray. (Coast district of Vene- zuela; Trinidad.) Myrmeciza boucardi swainsoni, adult male (extralimital).^ ee. Sides of chest darker and more extensively gray. (Eastern Panamd and Caribbean coast district of Colombia.) Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis, adult male (p. 107). a I have not seen TJiamnopMlus leuconotus Spix, referred to Myrmelastes by recent authors. I am quite unable to appreciate any reasons for retaining a genus Myrmelastes as distinguished from Myrmeciza, imless the former is restricted to the type (if. plum- beus). The latter differs from other species in much greater development of the plumage of the lower back and rump, stouter bill, more rounded wing, and nan-ower, more broadly operculate nostrils. On the other hand, M. boucardi and its allies have a longer and more slender bill, longer tail, with relatively narrower rectrices, longer outermost primary, and very different style of coloration. While not so homogeneous as most genera, however, the group, after the elimination of the long- tailed and otherwise very different species constituting the genus Drymophila Swain- son (see page 15), may, on the whole, be considered a fairly natural gi'oup. & Myrmeciza boucardi Berlepsch, Ibis, 5th ser., vi, no. xxi, Jan., 1888, 129 (Bogotd, Colombia; coll. Count von Berlepsch); Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 279, part (Bogota). — [Drymophila'] boucardi Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 34. c Myrmeciza sicainsoni griseipectus Berlepsch and HJartert, Novit. Zool., ix, no. 1, April 10, 1902, 76 (Caicara, Orinoco R., Venezuela; coll. TringMus.). <^ Myrmeciza su-ainsoni Berlepsch, Ibis, 5th ser., vl, no. xxi, Jan., 1888, 130, in text (based on Myrmothera longi2)es Swainson, but not of Vieillot). — M[yrmeciza] boucardi stvainsoni Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 194, in text. — Myrme- ciza longipes albiventris Chapman, Auk, x, no. 4, Oct., 1893, 343; Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, Feb., 1894, 51 (Princestown, Trinidad; coll. Am. Mus. N. H.). — [Drymo- phila] albiventris Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 34 (Trinidad). — Myrmeciza longipes longipes (not Myrmothera longipes Swainson?) HeUmayr, Novit. Zool., xiii, 1906, 33 (Trinidad; crit.). 106 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. cc. Abdomen slate color or gray. d. Back with a large concealed patch of white; sexes nearly alike in color. e. Throat uniform black. (Costa Rica and western Panama.) Myrmeciza Isemosticta, adult male (p. 109). ee. Throat spotted or barred with white. Myrmeciza Isemosticta, adult female (p. 109). dd. Back without a concealed white patch; sexes very different in color. e. All the wing-coverts with a white apical spot or dot; tail relatively shorter. /. Darker, the back, rump, etc., deep mummy or vandyke brown, head (all round) black, chest, breast, and abdomen blackish slate. (North- western Ecuador) . . . Myrmeciza maculif er, adult male (extraUmital) . « ff. Paler, the back, rump, etc., mars brown, head (all round) blackish slate, chest, breast, and abdomen slate-gray. (Eastern Panama and adja- cent portion of Colombia) Myrmeciza cassini, adult male (p. 110). ee. Wing-coverts (except, sometimes, a few of the more anterior lesser coverts) without white spots or dots. (Myrmeciza exsul.) f. Slightly darker or duller in general coloration, with slate color of under parts usually not paler on abdomen. (Caribbean slope of Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua.) Myrmeciza exsul exsul, adult male (p. 111). ff. Slightly brighter in coloration, with slate color of under parts usually paler on abdomen. (Pacific slope of Costa Rica and western Panama). Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis, adult male (p. 113). 66. Back, wings, etc. (whole upper parts), also entire under parts, uniform black, the anterior lesser wing-coverts white, c. Forehead and lores densely (normally) feathered; white area on anterior mar- gin of wing naiTower; tarsus 31.5-32. (Central Colombia.) Myrmeciza immaculata, adult male (extralimital).& ce. Forehead and lores scantily feathered; white area on anterior margin of wing broader; tarsus 33.5-36. d. "WTiite area on anterior portion of wing smaller, involving only marginal lesser coverts; tarsus 33.5-34.5. (Costa Rica and western Panama.) M3n:meciza zeledoni, adult male (p. 114). dd. White area on anterior portion of wing much larger, involving nearly the whole of the lesser covert area; tarsus 36. (Western Ecuador to central Colombia.) Myrmeciza berlepscM, adult male (extralimital) .c aa. Under parts without any black. 6. Throat and chest buff or ochraceous-buff (the former sometimes whitish); abdo- men white. {Myrmeciza boucardi.) c. Wing-coverts distinctly spotted or barred with black. d. Spots or bars on wing-coverts larger, very conspicuous. Myrmeciza boucardi griseipectus, adult female (extralimital). dd. Spots or bars on wing-coverts smaller, inconspicuous. Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis, adult female (p. 108). o Myrmelastes exsul maculif er Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiii, no. 2, July 10, 1906, 340, 342 (Paramba, n. w. Ecuador, 3,500 ft.; coll. Tring Mus.). — M[yrmelastes] maculif er Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 194, in text. & T[hamnophilus]immaculatus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., viii, Sept., 1845, 340 (Bogotd, Colombia; types now in coll. Bost. Soc. N. H.). See Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxii, 1907, 74, under Myrmeciza berlepschi. c Myrmeciza berlepschi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, April 17, 1909, 74 (Chimbo, n. w. Ecuad6r; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). This form (of which I have not seen Colombian specimens) may prove to be only subspecifically distinct fi'om M. zeledoni. BIRDS ()|.^ NOK'IMI AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 107 cc. ^^■in^-l•()vol■(s not dislinctly, if at all, spotted or barred with black. Mynueciza boucardi swainsoni, adult female and young (oxtralimital). Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis, young male (p. 108). « bb. Throat gray or dusky; chest and abdomen brown or tawny. c. Smaller (^wing 62-71, tarsus 26-31); pilemn slaty or blackish, in contrast with I'hestnut or chestnut-brown of bacdc; tail brown. (/. All the wing-coverts with a terminal spot or dot of white; under parts paler, becoming buffy on abdomen Myrmeciza cassini, adult female (p. 110). dd. Wing-coverts uniform brown (except, sometimes, a few small dots of white near bend of wing); under parts darker, the abdomen brown. {Myrme- ciza exsul.) e. Geneitil color of under parts much duller, the chest Vandyke brown. Myrmeciza exsul exsul, adult female (p. 111). ee. General color of under parts much brighter, the chest bright chestnut or tawny-chestnut. . .Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis, adult female (p. 113). cc. Larger (wing 75-81, tarsus 32-35); tail blackish; pileum dark brown, like back, etc. d. Forehead and lores densely (normally) feathered; chin to auricular region graydsh dusky; throat dull grayish, chest slaty olive; back chestnut- brown; tail blackish brown; culmen, 19.5. Myrmeciza immaculata, adult female (extralimital) . dd. Forehead and lores scantily feathered; chin to auricular region dull black; lower throat, chest, and other under parts deep vandyke lirown; back, etc., dark vandyke brown; tail Idack; culmen, 20.5-22. Myrmeciza zeledoni, adult female (p. 114). MYRMECIZA BOUCARDI PANAMENSIS Ridgway. WHITE-BELLIED ANTBIRB. Adult male. — Pileum and hindneck gray or slate-gray, at least anteriorly and laterally, the gray paler on sides of occiput (supra- auricular region), the crown, occiput, and hindneck usually more or less overlaid by chestnut-brown (burnt-umber or vandyke), some- times uniformly of this color; rest of upper parts plain bright cin- namon-rufous or chestnut-rufous, the color paler and more tawny on primaries; anterior margin of lesser wing-covert area white or pale buffy, immediately followed by more or less of black spotting; middle ^^ing-coverts sometimes with an indistinct subterminal bar of dusky; loral, suborbital, auricular, and malar regions, chin, throat, and chest uniform black, the first mixed with gray anteriorly; lower chest and breast (except medial!}^) and sides of upper chest plain gray (no. 6 or no. 7), passing posteriorly into tawny-buff or clay color on flanks; median portion of lower chest and breast, together with abdomen, white ; under tail-coverts tawny or tawny- ochraceous; smaller under wing-coverts white or buffy white, those on carpal region with more or less distinct central or mesial marks of dusky; inner webs of remiges broadly edged with vinaceous- cinnamon; bih black; legs and feet dull yellowish or pale ^^ellowish " The distinctive characters of the several forms of this species are not very evident in females and immatiure l)irds. 1 have not seen the adult female of M. b. boucardi. 108 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUM. brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 145-152 (150); wing, 65.5- 71.5 (69.3); tail, 51-57.5 (53.8); culmen, 18.5-20.5 (19.6); tarsus, 28-31.5 (30.5); middle toe, 16.5-18.5 (17.5).« Adult female. — Pileum and hindneck brown (nearly niummy brown), passing into grayish (more or less extensively) on forehead and into light buffy grayish on supra-auricular region; rest of upper parts plain cinnamon-rufous, somewhat darker and duller on tail, paler and more tawny or cinnamomeous on primaries; lesser wing- coverts mixed black and cinnamon-brown ; middle coverts crossed by a broad subterminal bar of black, the tip lighter cinnamon- rufous than general color; the greater coverts and tertials similarly marked but black subterminal bar narrower; auricular region dark brown or dusky, with narrow shaft-streaks of buffy or whitish; malar region, throat, and chest plain ochraceous-buff, passing into white or buffy white on chin; sides and flanks paler ochraceous-buff, some- what tinged with grayish; breast and abdomen white; under tail- coverts tawny-ochraceous; maxilla dark horn color, mandible paler; legs and feet dull yellowish or light yellowish brown (in dried skins) ; length (skins), 133-154 (141); wing, 62-69.5 (64.8); tail, 49-58.5 (52.2); culmen, 18.5-20 (19.2); tarsus, 28.5-31 (30): middle toe, 16-18.5 (16.8).^ Immature male. — Similar to the adult female, but without distinct, if any, black markings on wings. Panama (Lion Hill; Panama; Sabana de Panama; Veragua) to northeastern Colombia (Santa Marta, Cacagualito, Don Diego, and Bonda, Santa Marta; Cartagena). (?) Myrmeciza longipes (not Myrmothera longipes Vieillot) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 249, part ("New Granada"). Myrmeciza longipes Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 325 (Lion Hill, Pana- ma). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 357 (Lion Hill). Myrmeciza swainsoni (not of Berlepscli) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 229, part (Veragua and Lion Hill, Panama). « Eleven specimens. & Nine specimens. Locality. MALES. Five adult males from eastern PanamA Six adult males from Santa Marta, Colombia Two adult males (M. 6. swainsoni) from Venezuela. . Ten adult males (Jf . 6. swainsoni) from Triniddd FEMALES. Four adult females from eastern Panamd Five adult females from Santa Marta, Colombia Four adult females {M. b. swainsoni) from Venezuela Six adult females (M. h. swainsoni) from TrinidM. . . Wing. 68.5 70 66.7 66.6 63.9 65.5 66 66.3 TaU. 52.5 55.5 52.7 53.5 50,4 54 53.4 52.5 Cul- men. 19.7 19.5 18.5 19.4 18.9 19.4 17.3 18.7 Tar- sus. 30.7 30.2 29.5 29.2 29.5 30.4 28.6 28.2 Middle toe. 17.2 17.7 16.7 16.9 16.4 17.1 16.4 16.5 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 109 Drymophila sivainsoni Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xlvi, 1906, 217 (Sabana de Panama). [Drymophila] swainsoni Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 33, part (Colombia; Panama). Myrmeciza boucardi (not of Berlepsch) Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 279, part (Venlgua; Panamil). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 138 (Santa Marta, Colombia).— Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 160 (Bonda, etc., Santa Marta, Colombia). Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 144 (line of PanamA Railway; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). MYRMECIZA LiEMOSTICTA Salvin. SALVIN'S ANTBIRD. Adult male (= M. stictoptera Lawrence). — Head and neck plain slate-black or blackish slate, becoming black on chin and throat; upper back dark bro\\Tiish olive, the feathers black centrally and extensively white basally; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts dark chestnut or chestnut-brown, the tail similar but slightly darker; lesser and middle ■\\dng-coverts black, each with a roundish apical spot of white, some of the coverts along anterior border of wing with outer web wholly white; greater coverts and secondaries dark chest- nut-brown, some of the former with indistinct small apical spots of fulvous; alula and primary-coverts uniform dusky grayish brown; primaries prouts browm, the outermost without white edging; chest, breast, anterior portion of sides, and upper abdomen, deep slate-gray or slate color, the feathers blackish centrally; posterior portion of sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts plain Vandyke brown; maxilla black, mandible brownish (dark bluish horn color in life) ; ^ iris car- mine red, scarlet, or crimson;'^ legs and feet horn brown (leaden bluish or dark purplish lead color in life);* length (sldns), 120-141 (131); ^^dng, 62-65.5 (64.3); tail, 44-49 (46.5) ; culmen, 17.5-20 (18.5); tarsus, 25.5-28 (26.7); middle toe, 16-18 (17.1).^ Adult female (= M. Isemosticta Salvin). — Similar to the adult male, but throat conspicuously spotted with white, and pileum and hind- neck mostly dark sepia brown instead of wholly slate-black or blackish slate; length (skins), 121-145 (131) ; wing, 62.5-65 (63.3) ; tail, 42-49 (44.8); culmen, 17-18.5 (18); tarsus, 26-28 (26.8); middle toe, 17-18 (17.2).^ Costa Rica (Tucurriqui; Angostura; San Carlos; La Florida; Turri- alba;Peralta; Guapiles; Cuabre; Carrillo; La Vijagua; Rio Sucio) and western Panama (Santa Fe de Veragua). Myrmeciza Isemosticta Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864 (pub. Apr. 1, 1865) 582 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; coll. Salvin and Godman); 1867, 145 (Santa Fe de Veragua, Panama; crit.). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 109 o- M. A. Carriker, jr., on labels. b Ten specimens, from Costa Rica. 110 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Tucurriqui). — ^Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 280. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am.^ Aves, ii, 1892, 230, pi. 51, fig. 1. — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 617 (Caribbean slope, 1,000-2,500 ft., Costa Rica; crit.; habits). [Myrmedza] laemosticta Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 74. Myrmeciza Issmosticta Ixmosticta Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiii, 1906, 343 (crit.). [Drymophila] Isemosticta Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 34. Drymophila Isemosticta Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., v, 1908, 9, in text. Myrmeciza stictoptera Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., viii, 1867, 132 (Angostura, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); ix, 1868, 109 (do.).— Frant- zius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 306 (Costa Rica). — Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 532 (San Carlos, Costa Rica; crit.). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 230. [Drymophila] stictoptera Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 34. Drymophila stictoptera Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., v, 1908, 9 (crit.). MYRMECIZA CASSINI (Ridgway). CASSIN'S ANTBIRD. Adult male. — Head and neck, all round, uniform slate-black or blackish slate; back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts, tail, and secondaries plain bright mummy brown or mars bro^vn; edge of wing white; lesser wing-coverts brownish black or blackish brown, each with a conspicuous apical spot of white ; °' alula dusky brown, the outermost feather broadly edged with white; primary-coverts uniform dusky bro^vn; primaries grayish brown basally passing ter- minally into light olive-brown, the outermost edged with white; under parts, except chin, throat, and under tail-coverts, plain slate- gray, somewhat paler posteriorly, where slightly tinged with fulvous; under tail-coverts light mummy brown; bill black; legs and feet light yellowish gray (in dried sldn); whig, 69; tail, 42; culmen (bill defective); tarsus, 29; middle toe, 18.^ Adult female? . — ^Upper parts as in the adult male, but brown of back, etc., much deeper (chestnut-brown); chin and most of throat uniform slate color; median portion of lower throat, chest, and breast chestnut, the remainuig under j^arts slightly paler and duller (more russet) ; wing, 64; taU, 39; culmen (bill defective); tarsus, 26; middle toe, 18.'' Immature malefi — Similar to the supposed adult female, as de- scribed above, but brown of upper parts lighter and less castaneous (deeper, however, than in the adult male described), and general color of under parts much lighter (dull cmnamon-rufous on chest o In the single specimen that I have been able to examine the middle and greater coverts are wanting. b One specimen (the type). c One specimen, from Turbo, Colombia. A Described from no. 150,920, U. S. Nat. Mus., Cascajdl (Cocl^), Panamii; Heyde. BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Ill passing into ochraceous-buff on abdomen), the sides and flanks more brownish (nearl}-^ raw nmber), the shxte-gray restricted to chin and upper throat; wing, 63; tail, 41; culmen, 19; tarsus, 27; middle toe, 17. Eastern Panamii (Cascaj^l, Code) and adjacent portion of north- western Colombia (Turbo). Myrmeciza exsul « (not of Sclater, 1858) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1860, 191 (Turbo, Colombia). Myrmdastes cassini Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 194 (Turbo, n. ^y. Colombia; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). MYRMECIZA EXSUL EXSUL Sclater. SCLATER'S ANTBIRD. Adult male. — Head and neck, all round, uniform slate-black; upper parts (except pileum and liindneck) plain deep chestnut; lesser wing- coverts at least partly black, those along anterior margin of wing more or less extensively white, and behind this white margin often a few small dots of wdiite; the carpo-metacarpal region also streaked with white, and outermost feather of alula sometimes edged with wliite; under parts (except chin, throat, flanks, anal region and under tail-coverts), plain blackish slate color; flanks, anal region, and under tail-coverts plain mummy or Vandyke brown; bill black; iris brown; bare skin of postocular region and chin sky blue; legs and feet dusky (blackish horn color or dark bluish gray in life) ; length (skins), 126-148 (134); wing, 64-71 (67.4); tail, 44-49 (46.8); culmen, lS.5-21.5 (20.2); tarsus, 27-29.5 (28.2); middle toe, 17.5-19 (17.9).^ Adult jemale. — Upper parts as in adult male, but slate-black of pileum and hindneck slightly duller; chin and throat slate-blacldsh, but usually duller than in adult male; rest of under parts plain van- dyke or mummy brown; bill, etc., as in adult male, but mandible a The following citations of Myrmeciza (or Myrmelastes) exsul refer to one or more allied forms: Myrmeciza exsul (not of Sclater, 1858) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 294 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador; crit.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 187 (Esmer- aldas); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 279 (Esmeraldas and Intac, Ecuador; Neehi, Colombia).— Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 556 (Nechi, Antioquia, Colombia). — Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 566 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador; crit.). — Salvador: and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899, no. 362, p. 31 (Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador). — Hartert, Novit. Zool., v, 1898, 493 (Cacha\a, n. w. Ecua- dor). — Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, 65 (Santo Domingo and Guanacillo, n. w. Ecuador; habits, etc.). [Myrmeciza] exsul Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 74. ■ [Myrmelastesl exsul Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 32 (Colombia to Ecuador). (The bii'd from Nechi, Colombia, may possibly be M. cassini.) ^ Sixteen specimens. 112 BULLETIN" 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. sometimes brownisli; length (skins), 124-140 (132); wing, 64-69.5 (66.4); tail, 42.5-50 (45.2); culmen, 19-21 (20); tarsus, 27.5-31 (28.3); middle toe, 16.5-19 (17.9).« Caribbean slope of Panama (Lion Hill; Frijole station; Chepo; Panama; Cascajal, Code), Costa Rica (Jimenez; Sipiirio; Talamanca; Angostura; Rio Reventazon; Guacimo; Guapiles; Cuabre; Rio Sicsola; Siquirres; LaCristina; Carrillo; Limon; La Balsa; Turrialba; Volcan de Turrialba; El Hogar; Rio Banana; La Vijagua; Pacuare) and Nicaragua (Los Sabalos; Rio Escondido; Chontales; San Emilis,Lake Nicaragua). Myrmeciza exsul Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858 (pub. 1859), 540 (Panama; coll. Derby Mus.). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 614 (Caribbean lowlands up to 2,000 ft., Costa Rica; crit.; habits; descr. nest and eggs). M[yrmeciza\ exsul Hellmayr, Verb. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1903, 215 (diagnosis) . Myrmelastes exsul exsul Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiii, 1906, 341 (Panama; e. Costa Rica; Rio Escondido and Chontales, Nicaragua; crit.; synonymy). Myrmeciza immaculata (not Thamnophilus immaculatus Lafresnaye) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Oct. 1, 1864, 357 (Lion Hill, Panama; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 109 (Pacuare and Angostura, Costa Rica; crit.). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica).— Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 405 (Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; habits). — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 115, part (Pacuare and Jimenez, Costa Rica). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 279, part (Panama and Chepo, Panama; "Valza," i. e. La Balsa, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, pi. 51, figs. 2, 3. [Myrmedza] imviaculata Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 74. Myrmeciza intermedia Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, no. 355, Sept. 4, 1891, 345 (Sipiirio, Talamanca, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Myrmelastes intermedins Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 227, part (Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; Pacuare, Angostura, La Balsa, Jimenez, and Carrillo, Costa Rica; Lion Hill and Chepo, Panama). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 25 (Loma del Leon, Panamd.). [Myrmelastes] intermedium Sharps, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 32. Myrmelastes ocddentalis intermedins Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., v, no. 1, Oct. 1, 1908, 10, in text. a Fourteen specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- men. Tar- sus. Middle toe. MALES. 67.4 67.4 66.6 66.3 47.2 46.5 4.5. 4 45.2 19.4 20.6 20.1 20.1 28.4 28.1 27.9 28.5 17.8 Ten adult males from eastern Costa Rica (8) and Nicaragua (2). . FEMALES. 18 18 Ten adult females from eastern Costa Rica (8) and Nicaragua (2). 17.9 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 113 MYRMECIZA EXSUL OCCIDENTALIS tCherrie). CHERRIE'S ANTBIRD. Adult male. — Head and neck, all round, plain black or slate-black; rest of upper parts plain chestnut, the tail slightly darker; anterior lesser wing-coverts black (those along margin of wing white), the posterior ones more brownish; outermost feather of alula some- times edged with white; chest, breast, sides, and abdomen plain blackish slate (rather darker anteriorly, where usually shading grad- ually into the black of throat, slightly paler, or clearer slate color, posteriorly) ; llanlvs, anal region, and under tail-coverts plain chest- nut-brown or vand3dve brown; bill black; iris brown; bare skin of postocular region and chin sky blue (in life); legs and feet dusky (blackish horn color or dark bluish gray in life); length (skins), 125-143 (133); wmg, 65-71 (68.3); tail, 47-51.5 (48.1); culmen, 20-22 (20.7); tarsus, 27-29.5 (27.8); middle toe, 17.5-19.5 (18.2) .'^ Young male {nestling). — Much like the adult male but coloration much duller, the chestnut of back mixed or tinged with sooty brown, the head, neck, and chest sooty blackish or brownish slate-black, and under parts of body mixed sooty brown and tawny brown. Adult female. — Upper parts as in adult male, but color of back, etc., usually rather lighter, more tawny, chestnut, and less sharply defined against the dusky slate color of pileum and hindneck, which are usually more or less tinged with brown; sides of head, chin, and upper throat slate color, the latter sometimes tinged with tawny bro^^'n; lower throat and chest bright tawny-chestnut or rufous- chestnut, passing into russet or tawny-russet on breast and abdo- men, the flanks, anal region, and under tail-coverts tawny-brown (between mars brown and russet) ; bill, etc., as in adult male; length (skins), 131-140 (135) ; wing, 62-69 (65.7) ; tail, 44.5-49 (46.8) ; culmen, 18.5-21.5 (20.1); tarsus, 27-29.5 (28.1); middle toe, 17-18 (17.7).'^ Pacific slope of Costa Rica (Pozo del Pital, Rio Naranjo; Pozo Azul de Pirris; Pozo del Rio Grande; Pozo de Terraba; El General; Paso Real; Boruca; Buenos Aires; Barranca, Boruca; Las Trojas; Palmar; Lagarto; La Palma de Nicoya; Esparta; San Mateo; San Carlos), and western Panama (Divala; Bugaba). Myrmeciza immaculata (not of Sclater and Salvia) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 195 (Bugaba, Panama; crit.). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 61 (San Carlos and San Mateo, Costa Rica). — E-idgway, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 398 (La Pakna de Nicoya, Costa Rica; crit.). — ■ Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, 115, part (Las Trojas and Pozo Aziil, w. Costa Rica). Myrmeciza imviaculata occidentalis Cherrie, Auk, viii, April, 1891, 191 (Pozo Aziil, s. w. Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). a Ten specimens, from Costa Rica. 81255°— Bull. 50—11 8 114 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Myrmedza ocddentalis Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 19 (Pozo del Pitdl, s. w. Costa Rica). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 616 (Pacific lowlands and foothills, Costa Rica; crit.; descr. nest and Myrmelastes ocddentalis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 228 (Bebedero, etc., w. Costa Rica). — Cherrie, Expl. Zool. Mend. Costa Rica, 1893, 43 (Palmar, Lagarto, Boruca, and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., v, 1908, 10 (crit.). [Myrmelastes] ocddentalis Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 32. Myrmelastes exsul ocddentalis Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiii, 1906, 341 (Pozo Azul, etc., s. w. Costa Rica; Bugaba, Panama; crit.). — Bangs, Auk, xxiv, 1907, 296 (Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, and Barranca, s. w. Costa Rica). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., v, 1908, 10, in text. M[yrmelastes] exsul ocddentalis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, 1908, 194, in text. My7'melastes intermedins (not Myrmedza intermedia Cherrie) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 227, part (San Carlos and San Mateo, Costa Rica; Bugaba, Panam^). MYRMECIZA ZELEDONI Ridgway. ZELEDON'S ANTBIRD. Adult male. — Uniform black, relieved only by a white patch on inner-anterior portion of lesser wing-covert area, a narrow white margin thence around bend of wing, and white edging to alulae; bill and feet black; iris chestnut; bare skin of lores and orbits blue, becoming white behind eye;"' length (skins), 168-188 (178); wing, 78-86 (80.9); tail, 70-82 (76.8); culmen, 21-23 (22); tarsus, 33.5- 34.5 (34); middle toe, 20-22 (21.2). ^ Adult female. — Above plain dark chocolate brown (or between chocolate and seal brown), the tail blackish brown or brownish black; loral, orbital, and auricular regions, chin, and upper throat, blackish brown or brownish black; under parts lighter chocolate brown or vandyke brown; maxilla blackish brown, mandible pale yellowish brown or dull yellowish (in dried skins); legs and feet dusky brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 166-193 (175); wing, 75-81 (78.6); tail, 71.5-78 (75); culmen, 20.5-22 (21.1); tarsus, 32-35 (33.6); middle toe, 20-22 (21.1).*^ Costa Rica (Naranjo de Cartago; Guayabo; Guapiles; Carrillo; La Hondura; Tucurriqui; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui) and western Panama (Boquete de Chitra; Calobre; Calovevora; Caribbean slope, Volcan de Chiriqui). Western Colombia. Thamnophilus immaculatus (not of Lafresnaye) Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 114 (Tucur- riqui, Costa Rica; cnt.); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 194 (Volcan de Chiri- qui, Calovevora, and Calobre, Panamd). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 189, part (TucuTiqui, Costa Rica; Boquete de Chitra, Calobre, Calove- vora, and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panamd). o Zeled6n, manuscript. b Five specimens, from Costa Rica. c Eight specimens from Costa Rica (7) and western Panamd (1). BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 115 [Thamnophihis] immaculatus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 69^ part. Myrmelastes immaculatus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Avea, ii, 1892, 225, part (Costa Rica and Panama localities and references). — Banos, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 42 (Volcan de Chiriqui, 2,000 ft.). [Myrmelastes] immaculatus Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 32, part. Myrmcciza immaculata Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 618 (Caribbean slope Costa Rica, 1,000-4,000 ft.; crit.)a. Myi-meciza zelcdoni Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxii, April 17, 1909, 74 (Guayabo, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Miis.). Genus FORMICARIUS Boddaert. Fonnicarius Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 43. (Type, F. cayanensis Bod- daert=i^. colma Boddaert.) ('?) Myrmecophaga Lacepede, Tableaux Oiseaux, 1799, 6. (Type undeterminable, no species being named; nomen nudum.) Myotthera Spix, Av. Sp. Nov. Brazil, i, 1824, 72. (Type, M. rujiceps Spix= Turdus colma Gmelin. Myothera D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye, Mag. de Zool., 1839 (Synopsis Avium, p. 14). (Type, M. analis D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye.) Myrmothera, part, Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 43, 70. (Type, none specified, and no species named; includes "Befroi, et quelques autres fourmilliers de Buffon"). Myocincla Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 230. (Type, Turdus colma Gm.Q- \v!i=Formicarms colma Boddaert.) Rather large Formicariidae (length about 150-180 mm.) with very dense, compact plumage; bill much shorter than head, depressed basally; short, rounded tail (less than two- thirds as long as the short and concave, rather pointed wing) ; latero-frontal antise with feather- ing short and dense; scutellate tarsi, short anterior claws, and plain coloration. BiU shorter than head (exposed culmen about as long as distance from nostril to posterior angle of eye), with straight lateral outlines, slightly depressed basally, its width at latero-frontal antise greater than its depth at same point and equal to half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, or slightly less; culmen distinctly ridged, straight or nearly so for most of its length, decurved terminally, the tip of maxilla inconspicuously and rather obtusely uncinate; max- illar}' tomium slightly convex posteriorly, straight anteriorly, slightly notched sub terminally; mandibular tomium faintly concave pos- teriorly, nearly straight or very faintly convex anteriorly, very indistinctly notched subterminally; gonys decidedly to rather « Mr. Carriker erroneously concludes that because six skins of "Myrmedza immacu- lata (Lafresnaye)" from western Colombia agree closely with Costa Rican specimens of M. zeledoni, the latter is not a tenable form. He quite overlooked the fact that the specimens from western Colombia which he examined are not Thamno- phihis immaculatus of Lafresnaye, which is so different that their confusion would be almost impossible if specimens are actually compared. His observations simply extend the range of M. zeledoni to western Colombia. 116 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, strongly convex basally, nearly straight and ascending terminally. Nostril exposed, broadly oval, margined above by narrow membrane, posteriorly in contact with the short and very dense feathering of latero-frontal antise. Rictal bristles present but small; feathers of chin, malar antise, etc., short, without trace of terminal setse. Wing rather short but pointed, very concave beneath, the outer primaries rather strongly arcuate, the longer ones projecting decidedly beyond secondaries; sixth, seventh, or eighth primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) nearly tliree-fourths as long as the longest, the ninth decidedly longer than secondaries. Tail about three-fifths as long as wing, rounded (graduation less than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), the rectrices (12) rather broad and firm, rounded terminally. Tarsus about two and a half times as long as bill from nostril, decidedly less than two-fifths as long as wing, distinctly scutellate, the plantar scutella quadrate, in two longitudinal series; middle toe, with claw, a little more than two-thirds as long as tarsus (longer than commissure) ; outer toe, without claw, reaching to about middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe very slightly shorter; hallux much shorter than inner toe, slightly stouter; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half its length to outer toe, for less than half its length to inner toe; anterior claws very short, relatively broad, slightly curved; claw of hallux slightly curved, nearly as long as its digit. Plumage compact, dense, that of rump and flanks not elongated nor lax; feathers of pileum not elongated. Coloration. — General color uniform brown or blackish (the head sometimes rufescent) above, dusky, grayish, or brownish below, some- times with chest rufescent or tawny, the under tail-coverts usually rufescent and throat black (sometimes margined posteriorly with a narrow band of cinnamon or chestnut) ; inner webs of remiges with basal portion (abruptly) buff, ochraceous, or tawny, the under wing- coverts similar but tipped with black; sexes alike; young similar but throat usually more or less variegated with white. Range. — Southern Mexico to western Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, southeastern Brazil, and Cayenne. (About fifteen species and subspecies.) This genus is very distinct from any other, its nearest relative being the genus Ohamseza Vigors,*^ of South America, which differs in longer tail (more than two-thirds as long as wing), much greater development of plumage of lower back and rump, different char- acter of feathering of anterior portion of head, shorter and more depressed bill, variegated plumage, and other features. « See page 15, BIRDS OF NORTTT AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 117 KEY TO Till'. sriHTES AND SUBSPECIES OF FORMICARIUS. a. Pileum and lundnoek nifcsecnt or tawny, conspioiionsly different, from color of back; outer -web of exterior feather of alula liglit tawny or buff. b. Forehead bright tawny or rufescent, like crown, etc. (Southeastern Brazil.) Formicarius colma (extralimital)." bb. Forehead black or dusky. (Amazon Valley to Cayenne and Colombia.) Formicarius nigrifrons (extralimital).& aa. Pileum dull In-ownish, not very different from color of back, or else black; outer web of exterior feather of alida graj'ish brown. b. Chest black, brownish gray, or slaty, c Sides of neck similar in color to hindneck, not rufescent or cinnamomeous. d. Pileum brown, like back, with only centers of feathers blackish; chest slate- gray in contrast with Ijlack of throat. (Bolivia to northeastern Peru.) Formicarius analis (extralimital).c dd. Pileum and chest black. (Costa Rica and western Panamd,.) Formicarius analis nigricapillus (p. 118). cc. Sides of neck rufescent or cinnamomeous. {Formicarius moniliger.) d. I'nder tail-coverts only partly, if at all, rusty, tawny, or cinnamomeous, the longer (posterior) ones being dusky margined with brown. e. A distinct rusty or cinnamomeous collar across foreneck. /. Dai'ker, the back, etc., bright mummy brown to chestnut-brown, the chest sooty slate-gi'ay. (Southeastern Mexico, except Yucatan, to Guatemala) Formicarius monuiger moniliger (p. 119). jr. Paler, the back, etc., raw-umber to light olive-brown, the chest mouse gray to drab-gray. « Formicarius colma Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., 1783, 44 (=young; based on Le Colma. de Cayenne Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 703, fig. 1); Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV. 1890, 302.— [Turdus] colma Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, 827 .— Myrviothera colma Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth., 1822, 681, 683. — Myiothei'a colma Cabanis, in Schom- bm'gk's Pels. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 686. — Formicarius cayanensis Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., 1783, 50 (= adult; based on Le Tetema, de Cayenne Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 821); Eidgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 670 (monogr.). — M[yrmornis] cayanensis Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, 7. — Myiothera tetema Burmeister, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 46. — Myioturdus tetema Maximilian, Beitr. Natm-g. Bras., iii, 1831, 1030. — Myrviothera fuscicapilla Yieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xii, 1817, 112. — Myothera rnficeps Spix, Av. Bras., i, 1825, 72, pi. 72, fig. 1 (locality not given; coll. Munich Mus.). — Formicarius rujiceps Pelzeln, Om. Bras., ii Abth., 1869, 90, part. — Formicanus rujiceps rnficeps Hellmayr, Orn. Monats., x, March, 1902, 35 (geog. range). b Formicarius nigrifrons Gould, Ann. and Mag. N. H., ser. 2, xv. May, 1855, 344 Chamicuros, e. Peru; coll. J. Gould); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855 (pub. May 16),) 68; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 303; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x^i, 1893, 672 (monogi-.). — Formicarius colma nigrifrons Snethlege, Joum. filr Om., Jan., 1908, 17 (Rio Pm-us, w. Brazil). — (?) Formicarius nigrifrons glaucopectus Ridg- way, Proc. r. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, no. 961, Nov. 28, 1893, 673, in text (British Guiana; coU. U. S. Nat. Mus.). c M[yothera] analis D'Orbigny and Latresnaye, Synop. Av., in Mag. de ZooL, 1837, 14; cl. ii, pis. 77-79 (Ym'acares and Chiquitos, Belinda); D'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Mend., Ois., 1839, pi. 6 bis, fig. 1. — Formicanus analis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 46; Cat. Bii-ds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 304, part; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 673 (monogr.). — Formicarius analis analis Hartert, Novit. ZooL, ix, Dec, 1902, 613 (Bolivia to e. Peru; diagnosis). — M[yrmornis] analis Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, 7. 118 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. g. Darker, the back, etc., raw-umber brown, the chest mouse gray. (British Honduras) Formicarius moniliger intermedius (p. 121). gg. Paler, the back, etc., light olive-brown (or between broccoli brown and Isabella color), the chest drab-gray. (Yucatan.) Formicarius moniliger pallidus (p. 121). ee. No rusty or cinnamomeous collar across foreneck. (Eastern Costa Rica and eastern Nicaragua) Formicarius monUiger umbrosus (p. 122). dd. Under tail-coverts wholly, or for much the greater part, rusty, tawny, or cinnamomeous. e. Forehead lighter and moi'e rufescent or cinnamomeous brown than crown. /. Larger (wing averaging 93.5 in adult male, 91 in adult female); color of under parts more slaty, the under tail-coverts darker rusty. (South- western Costa Rica and western Panama.) Formicarius moniliger hoffmanni (p. 123). ff. Smaller (wing averaging 87 in adult male, 86.9 in adult female); color of under parts more brownish or more strongly suffused with olive or buffy, the under tail-coverts paler, more tawny. (Eastern Panama.) Formicarius moniliger panamensis (p. 124). ee. Forehead concolor with crown (not more rufescent or cinnamomeous). /. ^Miite loral spot small, sometimes obsolete; under parts nearly uniform deep brownish gray; under tail-coverts rufous-tawny. (Trinidad, Venezuela, and adjacent coast district of Colombia.) Formicarius moniliger saturatus (extralimital) .a ff. White loral spot large, conspicuous; under parts clear brownish gray, fading into nearly white on lower abdomen; under tail-coverts clear tawny. (British Guiana.) Formicarius moniliger crissalis (extralimital).& hh. Chest chestnut or rufous-tawny, c. Pileum rusty brown or chestnut. (Western Panama to eastern Costa Rica; northwestern Colombia?) Formicarius rufipectus (p. 125). cc. Pileum black. (Eastern Ecuador.)... Formicarius tlioracicus (extralimital).c FORMICARIUS ANALIS NIGRICAPILLUS (Ridgway). BLACK-HEADED ANTTHRITSH. Adult male. — Head, all round, and chest uniform sooty black, this gradually passing through sooty blackish slate on upper breast into brownish slate-gray on abdomen, where (in fresh plumage) the feathers are margined terminally with dull buffy whitish; sides and flanks similar in color to breast, but faintly tinged with olive; hind- neck, sides of neck and general color of upper parts plain dark van- a Formicarius saturatus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, no. 961, Nov. 28, 1893, 677 (Princestown, Trinidad; coll. Am. Mus. N. H.). — Formicarius analis saturatus Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, Feb. 16, 1894, 53 (Trinidad). — Formicarius hoff- manni saturatus Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiii, 1906, 33 (TrinidAd; crit.). 6 Myrmornis crissalis Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., Mar., 1861, 96, in text (Roraima, Brit. Guiana). — Formicarius crissalis Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 576 (Para); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 676 (monogr.). — F[ornncarius] a[nalis] crissalis Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiv, Nov., 1907, 392 (geog. range). ('Formicarius thoracicus Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 101 (Machay, o. Ecuad6r; coll. Branicki Mus.); Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 301, footnote; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 685 (monogr.). BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 119 dyke brown, or approaching seal brown, the upper tail-coverts seal brown or dark chocolate; tail blackish brown or brownish black; shorter under tail-coverts light rufous-chestnut or chestnut-tawny, the longer ones sooty black; under wing-coverts blackish at tip (broadly) and base, ochraceous in middle portion, the axillars simi- larly marked, but middle portion buff instead of ochraceous; inner webs of remiges crossed near base by a broad but not sharply defined band of dull ochraceous; bill black; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skin), 168-175 (171); wing, 90.5-94 (92.3); tail, 49-51.5 (50.3); culmen, 23-24.5 (23.7); tarsus, 32; middle toe, 20.5-21 (20.7).^ Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, and probably not always distinguishable, but usually(?) with color of under parts of body slightly tinged with olive, the sides and flanks strongly olivaceous ; length (skms), 163.5-164 (163.7); wing, 90-93.5 (91.7); tail, 48.5- 49.5 (49); cuhnen, 24-25.5 (24.7); tarsus, 30-31.5 (30.7); middle toe, 21.« Costa Rica (Tucurriqui; Carrillo; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui; Cerro de Santa Maria; Buena Vista) and western Panama (Santiago de Veragua). Formicarius analis (not Myotho'a analis Lafresnaye) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 74, part (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Veragua, Panama); 1867, 145 (Santa Fe de Veragua, Panama; crit.). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 110 (Costa Rica; crit.).— Frantzius, Joum. fur Om., 1869, 306 (Costa Rica). — Zeledon, AnaL Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 115 (Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, BioL Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 235, part (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Santiago de Veragua, Panama). [Formicarius] analis Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 75, part. Formicarius nigricapillus " Cherrie" Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, no. 961, Nov. 28, 1893, 675 (Buena Vista, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).— Car- RiKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 623 (Carrillo, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, and Cerro de Santa Maria, Costa Rica). [Formicarius] nigricapillus Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 38, part (Costa Rica; Panama). Formicarius analis nigricapillus Hartert, Novit. ZooL, ix, Dec, 1902, 614 (Cari- blanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica; crit.). FORMICARIUS MONILIGER MONILIGER Sclater. MEXICAN ANTTHRUSH. Adults (sexes alike). — Pileum dull black, the feathers broadly tipped or terminally margined with prouts brown, this often the prevailing color (the black being mostly concealed); rest of upper parts plain mummy brown, more castaneous (vandyke brown) on lower rump, upper tail-coverts, and hindneck; tail darker and duller brown basally, passing into dull slate-blackish terminally; loral and suborbital regions, anterior half of auricular region, malar region, « Two specimens, from Costa Rica. 120 BXJLLETIlSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. chin, and throat uniform black, the first with a small central spot of white; band across foreneck and extending thence to hindneck and supra-auricular region and terminal portion of auricular region chestnut, duller laterally; under parts plain deep sooty grayish, darkest on chest (where sometimes strongly tinged with olive), paler on abdomen (where sometimes inclining to buffy whitish), the sides and flanks olive or mixed sooty gray and olive; under tail- coverts light brown (nearly raw-umber), the longer ones mostly blackish, margined terminally with light brown; under wing-coverts buff, broadly tipped with dark sooty brown; inner webs of remiges crossed by a broad band of tawny-buff anterior to their middle por- tion; bill black; iris brown; legs and feet brownish (in dried skins). Young. — Essentially like adults but black of throat, etc., replaced by dark sooty brown; chestnut band across foreneck narrow and more or less broken, and general color of under parts more sooty. Adult male.— Length (skins), 150-181 (173); wing, 87.5-94 (90.6); tail, 50-55 (52.9); culmen, 20.5-22 (21.2); tarsus, 30.5-33 (31.7); middle toe, 19-21 (20). '^ Adult female. — Length (skins), 155-175 (167); wing, 85.5-92.5 (89.2); tail, 51-56 (53.5); culmen, 20-21 (20.7); tarsus, 30-33 (31.3); middle toe, 20.^ Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Cordova; Playa Vicente; Cerro de la Defensa; Atoyac; Motzorongo; Buena Vista), Oaxaca (mountains near Santo Domingo) and Tabasco (Teapa) and Guatemala (Choctum; Chisec; Coban; sources of Rio de la Pasion; Kampamac; Tactic; Nehaj, Quiche). Formicarius moniliger Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 294 (Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico; coll. A. Salle, now in coll. Brit. Mus.) ; 1858, 278, part (Vera Cruz); 1859, 383 (Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 191 (Oaxaca); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 303, part (Cordova, Vera Cruz; Oaxaca; sources Kio de la Pasion and Choctum, Guatemala). — Salvin, Ibis, 1861, 353 (Chisec, centr. Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, ,75 (Mexico; Guatemala; monogr.). — Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869,556 (hot region Vera Cruz, up to 800 m.; habits; notes); La Naturaleza, v, 1881, 248 (do.). — Sal- « Nine specimens. b Three specimens. Locality. Wing. Tall. Cul- men. Tarsus. Middle toe. MALES. 90.8 89 87.5 92.5 53.2 50 52. 3 50 21.3 21 20.7 20 31.9 30.5 30 33 20 19.5 FEMALES. 20 One adult fcmalfi from Guatemala 20 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERTOA. 121 VIN andGoPMAN, Biol. Cciili-.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 233, part (r6rdova, Cerro de la Defensa, Atoydc, and Playa Yicenle, Vera Cruz; Vera Paz, Chis(5c, Kamparaac, Choctura, and Tactic, Guatemala). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, G83 (moiu\u;r.). [Formicarius] moniligcr Sclateu, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lend., 1857, 47, in text. — ScLATER and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 75, part. — Sharpe, Iland-list, iii, 1901, 39, part (s. Mexico; Guatemala). Myrmoi'nis moniliger Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 96. [Mifrmornis] moniUgcr Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, . 124 (Mexico). Formicarius moliuiger Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1878, 49 (Guatemala). FORMICARIUS MONILIGER INTERMEDIUS Ridgway. INTERMEDIATE ANTTHRUSH. !Mucli paler and less rufescent above than F. m. moniliger, darker and more rufescent than F. m. ])allidus;°' under parts pale as in F. m. paUidus, but the color decidedly clearer (less buffy) gray. Adult waZe.— Length (skins), 163-180 (170); wing,"^ 86-91 (88); tail, 51-58 (54); culmen, 19.5-22 (21); tarsus, 30-32 (31); middle toe, 19-20.5 (19.9).^ Adult female . — Length (skin), 169.5; wing, 90; tail, 51.5; culmen, 20; tarsus, 30.5; middle toe, 19. '^ British Honduras (forest near Manatee Lagoon; Manatee River; Toledo District; Cayo). Formicarius moniliger (not of Sclater, 1856) Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 303, part (Brit. Honduras). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 233, part (Cayo, Brit. Honduras). [Formicarius] moniliger Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 39, part (Brit. Honduras). Formicanus moniliger intermedins 'Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 194 (forest near Manatee Lagoon, British Honduras; coll. Carnegie Mus.). Formicarius monileger Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 221 (Cayo, Brit. Honduras). FORMICARIUS MONILIGER PALLID US (Lawrence). YUCATAN ANTTHRtrSH. Similar to F. m. intermedius but coloration still paler, the general color of upper parts light olive-brown (between broccoli brown and Isabella color, brightening into raw-umber on upper tail-coverts), the abdominal region (extensively) grayish white or very pale buffy gray. a In F. m. moniliger the color of the back varies from bright mummy brown to chestnut-brown; in F. m. intermedius it is deep raw-umber, while in F. m. pallidus it is light olive-brown or between broccoli brown and Isabella color. In F. m. ■pallidus the color of the chest is drab-gi'ay, in F. vi. intermedius mouse gray. & Four specimens. c One specimen. 122 BULLETIlSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult {sex not determined). — Length (skin), 173.5; wing, 93; tail, 55; culmen, 22; tarsus, 31; middle toe, 20. Yucatan (Tizimin). Furnarius pallidus Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., ii, no. 9, May 29, 1882, 288 (Yucatan; coll. G. N. Lawrence). Formicarius pallidus Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., ii, no. 9, 1882 (index). — BoucARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 450 (Tizimin, Yucatan; crit.). — Reichenow and Schaxow, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 388 (reprint of orig. descr.). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 684 (monogr.). [Formicarius] pallidus Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 39. F[ormicarius] m[oniliger'] pallidus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 194, in text. [Myrmornis] pallidus Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, 124. Formicarius moniliger (not of Sclater, 1856) Sclater, Cat. Bii-ds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 303, part (Tizimin, Yucatan). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 233, part (Tizimin). FORMICARIUS MONILIGER UMBROSUS (Ridgway). NICARAGTJAN ANTTHRXTSH. Similar to F. m. moniliger but without any chestnut across foreneck, the black of throat giving way, more or less abruptly, on chest to dull slate color or sooty gray; under tail-coverts darker, more castaneous, brown; terminal portion of auricular region, together with supra- auricular region (sides of occiput) and sides of neck, varying from chestnut to vinaceous-cinnamon. Young. — Much like adults but malar region, chin, and throat dull whitish or buffy, transversely mottled or barred with dusky, or else uniform dull sooty blackish; whitish abdominal area transversely spotted or clouded with grayish dusky. Adult male.— Length (skins), 158-180 (164); wing, 86-93 (90.2); tail, 49.5-57 (53.7); culmen, 19-23.5 (21.4); tarsus, 31-36 (33.5); middle toe, 18-20.5 (19.1).« Adult female.— Length (skins), 146-170 (161); wing, 86-91.5 (88.3); tail, 48-55 (51.7); culmen, 19-22 (20.3); tarsus, 31.5-33.5 (32.3); middle toe, 17.5-20 (18.8).'' o Fourteen specimens. ^ Twelve specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- men. Tarsus. Middle toe. MALES. Ten adult males from eastern Costa Rica 00. 89 88 89.7 54. 4 52.1 51.4 53 20.9 22.5 20.1 21.3 33.9 32.6 29 32.3 19.2 Four ad nit males from Nicaragua 18.9 FEMALES. Ten adult females from eastern Costa Rica 18.7 Two adult females from Nicaragua 19.3 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 123 Eastern and norlhorn Costa Rica (Talamanca; Bonilla; Jimenez; Rio Matina; Ciiabro; Giulcimo; Giiiipiles; La Vijiigua; lia Florida; Volcan de Miravallos; Paciiare; San Carlos) and Nicaragua (Mosquito coast; Los Sabak)s; Rio Escondido; San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua). Formicarius moniliger (not of Sclater, 1856) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1S5S, 278, part (Mosquito coasl, Nicaragua). Fonnicanns hoj/mmini (not Myrnwrnis hoffmanni Cabauis) Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 62 (San Carlos, Costa Rica; habits). — Zeledon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 108 (Costa Rica); Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, 115, pai-t (Jimenez, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 234, part (Los Sdbalos, Nicaragua; San Carlos, Jimenez, and Pacuare, Costa Rica). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits). Formicarius hojfmani Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 405 (Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; habits; notes). [Formicarius] hoffmamii Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 75, part. Formicarius umbrosus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, no. 961, Nov. 28, 1893, 681 (Talamanca, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 441 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica; habits; notes). — Car- RiKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 624 (Caribbean and northern Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica, up to 1,200 ft.; habits; descr. nest and eggs). [Fm-micarius] umbrosus Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 39. FORMICARIUS MONILIGER HOFFMANNI (Cabanis.) HOFFMANN'S ANTTHRUSH. Similar to F. m. umbrosus, but under tail-coverts clear tawny or ta^^TlY-chestmlt (as in F. m. panamensis) , and black of throat usually more sharply defined and abruptly contrasted with the dark slate color of chest. Differing from F. m. panamensis in larger size and less brownish coloration."^ Adult male.— Length (skins), 153-173 (163); wing, 90-98.5 (93.5); tail, 51.5-56.5 (54.1); culmen, 19.5-23 (21.2); tarsus, 31.5-34 (33.5); middle toe, 19-21.5 (20.4).^ Adult female.— Length (skins), 155-170 (161); wing, 88-95 (91); tail, 47-55 (51.1); culmen, 21-22.5 (21.7); tarsus, 31.5-34.5 (33.5); middle toe, 19-20.5 (19. 9).^ As m the young of F. m. umhrosus, the young of this form fre- quently have the malar region, chin, and throat white barred or transversely spotted \\ath black. o As in F. m. panamensis, there is in this form sometimes a more or less distinct indication of a chestnut' or russet collar across the lower throat. Such specimens may be easily distinguished from F. m. moniliger by the very different color of the under tail-coverts (clear tawny or tawny-chestnut instead of light olive-brown and dusky), and much lighter, as well as more extended, color (deep vinaceous-cinnamon to cinnamon-rufous, instead of dull chestnut) of sides of neck and occiput and ter- minal portion of auricular region. b Ten specimens, from Costa Rica. 124 BULLETIlSr 50, UNITED STATES N/ TIONAL MUSEUM. Southwestern Costa Rica (Pozo del Rio Grande, Paso Real, Lagarto, Boruca, and Barranca, Boruca; Buenos Aires; El General; Pozo del Pital, Rio Naranjo; Pozo de Terraba; Pozo Azul de Pirris; Las Trojas) and western Panama (Divala; Bugaba; Chiriqui). Myrmornis hoffmanni Cabanis, Journ. fiii' Orn., Mar., 1861, 95 (Costa Rica; coll. Berlin Mus.). Formicarius hoffmanni Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 110 (Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 306 (Costa Rica). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 75, part (Costa Rica); 1870, 195 (Bugaba, Panama). — Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1878, 115, part (Las Trojas and Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica). — Sclater, Cat. Bii'ds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 304, part (Bugaba, Verdgua, and Chiriqui, Panama). — Salvin and God- man, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 234, part (Las Trojas, Costa Rica; • Cliii-iqui and Bugaba, Panama). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 623 (s. w. Costa Rica, up to 1,500 ft.; crit.; habits). [Formicarius] hoffmanni Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 75, part (Costa Rica). — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 39, part (s. "w. Costa Rica). Formicarius hoffmanni hoffmanni Bangs, Auk, xxiv, July, 1907, 298 (Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, Lagarto, and Barranca, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.). F[ormicarius] moniliger hoffmanni Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 195, in text. Formicarius umbrosus (not of Ridgway) Bangs, Auk, xviii, 1901, 366 (Divala, Panama). FORMICARIUS MONILIGER PANAMENSIS Ridgway. PANAMA ANTTHRUSH. Similar to F. m. Iwffmanni but averaging smaller, and coloration much lighter, the under parts more strongly suffused with olive and buffy, and color of under tail-coverts lighter, more tawny; black gular area more frequentlj^C?) bordered posteriorly with a more or less distmct collar of deep vinaceous-cinnamon or dull cinnamon- rufous, or indication of one. Adult maZg.— Length (skins), 153-172 (162); Aving, 86-88 (87); tail, 50-55 (52.4); culmen, 20.5-21.5 (20.7); tarsus, 30-32 (30.9); middle toe, 18-19.5 (18.9).« Adult /emaZe.— Length (skins), 144-161 (154); wing, 84-88.5 (86.9); tail, 48-51.5 (49.7); culmen, 18.5-20.5 (19.9); tarsus, 30-32 (31); middle toe, 17-20 (18).« Eastern Panama (Lion Hill, Obispo, and Paraiso stations, Panamd railway; Cliepo; Laguna del Pita; Cascajal, Code) ; Colombia (Rem6- dios, Antioquia) ? Formicarius analis (not Myothera analis Lafresnaye) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 326 (Lion Hill station, Panamd). Formicarius hoffmanni (not Myrmornis hoffmanni Cabanis) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1864, 857 (Lion Hill, Panamd);(?) 1879, 526 (Rem6- a Four specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 125 dios, Antioqiiia, ("oloiubia). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1866, 75, part i^Pauaiiia; uionogr.). — Sclatkk, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 304, piut ^raiuima and Cliepo, Panama). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1S!>1?, 234, piU't (Lion Hill, Obispo, and Paraiso statioiiB, and Chepo, Piuiaimi; Colombia?).— Ridc; way, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., x^n, 1893, 679, part (monogr.). — Salvadoiu and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, 1899, no. 339, 7 (Laguna del Pita, Panamd). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, lM (Loma del Leon, Panamd). [FonnicariHs] hoffmaimi Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 75, part (Piuiamd). — SiiARPE, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 39, part (Panamd; Colombia?). Formicaries moniligcr panamensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol., Soc. Wash., xxi, Oct. 20, 1908, 195 (Lion Hill station, Panamd; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). FORMICARIUS RUFIPECTUS Salvin. RUFOUS-BREASTED ANTTHRUSH. Adult male."' — Pileum and hindneck dark chestnut, the feathers dull black beneath the surface (partly exposed on crown); rest of upper parts dark olive or olive-sepia, passing into deep reddish chestnut or bay on upper taU-co verts; tail dull black, the rectrices edged (especially toward base) with olive-brown; remiges, primary coverts, and alula dark sooty brown; loral, orbital, auricular, sub- orbital and malar regions, chin, and throat uniform black; whole chest uniform chestnut, passing into taAvny-chestnut on breast, this into ta's\'ny on abdomen, the chestnut of chest extended laterally as a narrow band behind auricular region to merge into the dark chest- nut of hindneck; sides and flanks olive, iadistinctly streaked on inner portion with dull ta^\Tiy or tawny-chestnut; under tail-coverts bright chestnut; bill black; iris brown; legs and feet dark horn color; length (skin), 182; wing, 90; tail, 56; culmen, 21; tarsus, 38.5; middle toe, 23.^ Adult female.'^ — Similar to the adult male, as described above, but color of back, etc., less olivaceous (more slaty) sides and flanks dull slate color or dark mouse gray instead of olive, and chestnut of chest Ughter (ta^Miy-chestnut), passing through tawny or tawny-ohvace- ous on lower breast into deep buff or clay color on abdomen; under tail-coverts also hghter chestnut; length (skin), 163.5; wing, 88.5; tan, 56.5; culmen, 23.5; tarsus, 38; middle toe, 23. Western Panama (Santiago de Veragua) ; Costa Kica (Juan Vinas) ; northwestern Colombia (San Antonio) ? « Description from no. 28,203, Carnegie Museum; Juan A^inas, Costa Rica (Atlantic slope), May 7, 1907; M. A. Carriker, jr. (Type of Formicariu-s castaneiceps Carriker.) & One specimen (type of F. castaneiceps Carriker) . c Described from no. 20,656, coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs; San Antonio, Rio Cali, north- western Colombia; Nov. 8, 1907; Mervyn G. Palmer. (Possibly representing a dis- tinct subspecies). 126 BULLiETIlSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Formicarius rufipectiis "' Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 73, pi. 8 (San- tiago de Veragua, Panama; coll. Salvin and Godman); 1867, 145 (Santiago de Veragua; habits). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 306, part (Vera- gua, Panama).— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 235, part (Santiago de Veragua). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 685 part (Santiago de Verdgua; monogr.). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxi, 1908, 157 ([San Antonio], n. w. Colombia). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 625 (Juan Vinas, e. Costa Rica; crit.). F[ormicarius] rufipectiis Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 74. [Formicariiis] rufipectus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 75. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 39, part (Panama). Formicarius castaneiceps Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., iv, April 1, 1908, 301 (Juan Vinas, Costa Rica; coll. Carnegie Mus.). Genus HYLOPHYLAX Ridgway. Hylophylax b Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxii, Apr. 17, 1909, 70. (Type, Conopophaga nsevioides Lafresnaye.) Small Formicariidae (length about 100 mm.) with second phalanx of middle toe partly united to outer toe, outstretched feet reaching to beyond tip of tail, tail not more than three-fifths as long as wing, planta tarsi fused (nonscutellate) and acrotarsium indistinctly scutellate. Bill shorter than head (sometimes nearly as long), rather stout, rather broad and depressed basally, with straight or (in part) even slightly convex lateral outlines, its width at frontal antiss much greater (sometimes twice as great) as its height at same point and equal to from a little less than half to a little more than two- thirds the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; culmen distinctly ridged, nearly straight basally (sometimes for most of its length), gradually to rather abruptly decurved terminally, the tip of maxilla slightly but distinctly uncinate; maxillary tomium straight or slightly con- cave, minutely but distinctly notched sub terminally; mandibular tomium straight or faintly convex, minutely notched subterminally, the tip of mandible forming a short, more or less recurved, point; gonys more or less strongly convex and prominent basally, more gently convex and more or less decidedly ascending terminally. Nos- tril exposed, more or less widely separated from feathering of latero- frontal antise (nearly in contact with the latter in H. nsevioides), longitudinally ovate, more or less pointed anteriorly, margined above a The following citations of F. rufipectus refer to a different form: Formicarius rufipectus (not of Salvin) Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 306, part(Baisa, w. Ecuad6r). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 235 (Baisa, w. Ecuad6r). — Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899, no. 362, 33 (Gualea, w. Ecuad6r). — Menegaux and Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1906, 52 (Esmeraldas, Pachijdl, and Oyacachi, w. Ecuad6r; crit.). ^"TXtj, a wood, forest; 4>^Xa^, a watcher, guard, sentinel. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MTDDI^E AMERICA. 127 (at least posteriorly) by an extension of the membraneous integ^ii- ment of the nasal ft)ssa\ an intornnl tubercle or facet visible within the posterior portion. Eictal bristles present, but inconspicuous; feathers of chin, malar antise, and loral region with distinct terminal seta"*. Wing- moderate or rather large, with longest primaries extend- ing decidedly beyond secondaries; sixth and seventh, or seventh, primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) three-fifths as long as the longest, or slightly more, the ninth equal to or slightly longer than secondaries. Tail slightly more than one-half to tlu^ee-fifths as long as wing, slightly rounded, the rectrices (12) rather broad, rounded terminally. Tarsus much longer than whole culmen, a little less than two-fiftlis as long as wing, the acrotarsium indistinctly scutellate (scutella sometimes obsolete except on lower portion), the planta fused, at least for greater part; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; outer toe, without claw, reaching to about middle of subtermmal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe decidedly shorter; hallux equal to or slightl}^ longer than inner toe; basal phalanx of middle toe wholly united, the second phalanx partly united, to outer toe (the adhesion involving the first two phalanges of outer toe), united for half its length or more to inner toe; claws rather large, moderately curved, extremely compressed, that of the hallux shorter than the digit (but sometimes nearly as long). Plumage full, soft, and blended, that of rump and flanks more elongated and lax; feathers of pileum not elongated. Coloration. — ^Adult males gray and black above, the back with white spots or lunulate bars, the wing-coverts, tertials, and tail tipped with white; or back rufous or chestnut, with a concealed patch of white, the wing-coverts, tertials, and tail tipped with cinnamon- rufous; throat black, rest of under parts white, passing into gray or buffy on flanks, the chest spotted with black, or whole under parts plain gray. Adult females somewhat like males, but browner above with markings fulvous or bufFy instead of white, the throat whitish, and black markings of chest replaced by brownish, or (in slate- colored species) head and under parts rufescent or the general color of under parts gray, with white throat and dusky flanks.'^ Bange. — Costa Rica to western Ecuador, Amazon Valley, and Guiana. (Six species. ?)* 3 On accoimt of insufficiency of material, I am not able to give the full range of color variation in this group . & Of the species referred to the genus Hypocnemis by Dr. Sclater and other recent authors I have seen in this connection only H. cantator (type of the genus), E. posdlo- nota (Cu\'ier), JS. lepidonota Sclater and Salvia, H. leucophrys (Tschudi), H. myio- therina (Spix), H. lugubris (Cabanis and Heine), H. nsevia (Gmelin), and H. nsevioides (Lafresnaye). The second, third, seventh, and eighth of these I have removed from Sypocnemis on account of the very different amoimt of adhesion of the anterior toes 128 BULLETTN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. HYLOPHYLAX N^VIOIDES (Lafresnaye). SPOTTED ANTBIRD. Adult male. — Pileum and hindneck grayish brown or olive-brown, passing into gray laterally and on forehead, the feathers usually with darker shaft-streaks and terminal margins; back plain chestnut, the feathers extensively white basaUy; scapulars, rump, and upper taU- co verts plain russet-brown, the first tinged with chestnut; wing- coverts black, the lesser with terminal spots of white (those along anterior margin mostly white), the middle and greater coverts very broadly tipped with cinnamon-rufous, forming two very conspicuous bands; remiges dull black, the outer web and tip of tertials largely cinnamon (more or less deep) or dull cinnamon-rufous, the sec- ondaries and primaries with outer half or more of outer web light bro^vn or grayish bro^Ti; tail grayish browTi (deep drab or broccoli brown to sepia), the rectrices tipped with pale cinnamon (some- times whitish on outermost) and crossed by a band (more or less broad) of dull black; sides of head plain dull slate-gray or slate color, like superciliary region and forehead; malar region, chin, and throat uniform black; rest of lower parts white, passing into buffy gray on flanks and pale bro-^Tiish buff on under tail-coverts, the latter sometimes brownish beneath surface; upper breast and anterior portion of sides heavily spotted \\dth black, separating the immaculate white jugular and pectoral areas; bill black, the mandible sometimes more bro\\Tiish; legs and feet light horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 96-113 (106); wmg, 61-65.5 (63.1); tail, 32-36 (35); cuhnen, 16-17.5 (16.7); tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.4); middle toe, 13.5-16 (14.5).'^ Adult female. — ^Above much as in adult male, but pileum and hind- neck decidedly browner (deep broccoli brown to prouts brown), back duUer chestnut, rump and upper taU-coverts more rufescent brown, and markings on larger wing-coverts and tertials tawny or ochraceous instead of cinnamon-rufous; under parts very different, however, the chin and throat white or buffy, like chest, upper breast spotted (less heavily) with olive or grayish instead of black, and whole sides and flanks olive or buffy olive; mandible duU whitish (in dried skins); length (skins), 98-114 (108); wmg, 59.5-64.5 (62.1); tail, 30-35 and other excellent structural characters, while the fourth, fifth, and sixth I also remove as a distinct genus, Myrmoborus Cabanis and Heine. (See p. 14.) There is much difference in the form of the bill between the three species of Hylo- phylax which I now have before me, H. nsevia having this member very broad and very- much depressed basally, while that of H. pcecilonota is much narrower, less depressed, and with the base of the gonys more prominent, IT. nxvioides being, however, inter- mediate between these extremes. o Seventeen specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 129 (33.41; ciilmeii, 16-17 (16.7); tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.4); middle toe, 14-15 (14.6).'' Immature male. — Similar in coloration to adult female. Nicaragua (Rio Escondido; San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua), Costa Rica (Tucurriqui; Angostura; Pacuare; Jimenez; Rio Reventazon; Rio Sicsola; Sipiirio; Orosi; San Carlos; Volcan de Turrialba; Volcan de Miravalles; Cuabre; Carrillo; Guacimo; Guapiles; La Concepcion; La Cristina; La Vijagua; Tenorio; Cerro Santa Maria; Pananiil (Lion HiU; Paraiso; Chepo; Panama; Sabana de Panama), Colombia (Rio Atrato; Rio Truando; Truando Falls) and western Ecuador (Esmeraldas; Chimbo; Foreste del Rio Peripa; San Javier).^ Conopophaga naevioides Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1847, 69 (type locality not given; Bolivia, Colombia, and Panamd.; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.). C[onopophaga] naevioides Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 203. Hypocnemis naevioides Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 254 (monogr.); 1860, 294 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuaddr); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 189 (Esmer- aldas, w. Ecuaddr); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 293 (Tucurriqui and Angostura, Costa Rica; Paraiso Station, Chepo, and Panamd, Panamd; Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador). — Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 190 (Rio Truando, Colombia). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 326 (Lion Hill, Panama); ix, 1868, 109 (Angostura and Turrialba, Costa Rica). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 857 (Lion Hill). — Ber- lepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 566 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 231. — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicara- gua). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica). — Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899, no. 362, 32 (Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 24 (Loma del Leon, Panama). — Hartert, Novit. Zool., ix, 1902, 613 (San Javier, n. w. Ecuador). — Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xlvi, 1906, 217 (Sabana de Panamd). [ffypocnemis] nxvioides Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 74. — Sharpe, Hand4ist, iii, 1901, 37. -^ Fourteen specimens. Locality. Wing. Tail. Cul- men. Tarsus. Middle toe. MALES. Six adult males from eastern Panama 62.9 63.2 64.5 62.6 62 62 34.9 34.1 35 33.8 33.1 34 16.7 16.6 16.6 16.8 16 22.3 22.3 23 22.3 22.4 23 15 1 Ten adult males from Costa Rica 14 1 One adult male from Nicaragua 14 5 FEMALES. Three adult females from eastern Panamd. 14 1 Ten adult females from Costa Rica 14 5 One adult female from Nicaragua 15 & 1 have not seen a specimen from Ecuador. 81255°— Bull. 50—11 ^9 130 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Hypocnemis naevoides Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 306 (Costa Rica). Hypocnemis naevoides Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 115 (Jime- nez, Pacuare, and Angostura, Costa Rica). Hylophylax nasvioides Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, "Aug. 29" (=Sept. 7), 1910, 619 (Costa Rica; crit.; habits). Hypocnemis nxvioides capnitis Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, July 30, 1906, 107 (Volcan de Miravalles, n. w. Costa Rica; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). Genus ANOPLOPS Cabanis and Heine. Gymnopithys "Schiff" Bonaparte, Ann. Sci. Nat., s^r. iv, i, 1854, 132. (Type not mentioned; nomen nudum.) Anoplops a Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, July, 1859, 9. (Type, Turdus rufigula Boddaert.) Medium-sized Formicariidas (length about 135-145 mm.) with second phalanx of middle toe partly united to outer toe, tail less than two-thirds (scarcely more than three-fifths) as long as wing, sub- orbital and postocular regions naked, outstretched feet reaching little if any beyond tip of tail, and plain coloration. Bill shorter than head, narrow, wedged shaped in vertical profile (lateral outlines nearly straight), its width at frontal antise equal to or greater than its depth at same point and equal to half the dis- tance from nostril to tip of maxilla, or less; culmen distinctly ridged, straight to near tip, where abruptly decurved, the tip of maxilla more or less distinctly (but not strongly) uncinate; tomia straight, slightly but distinctly notched subterminally; gonys strongly convex and prominent basally, gently or faintly convex and ascending terminally. Nostril exposed, posteriorly in contact with feathering of loral antise, narrow and longitudinally ovate (slit-like in A. rufigula) overhung by a broad membraneous operculum. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing moderate or rather large, with longest primaries projecting decidedly beyond secondaries; sixth and seventh, or sixth, seventh and eighth, primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) about three-fifths as long as the longest, the ninth about as long (sometimes a little longer or shorter than) secondaries. Tail slight^ more than three-fifths as long as wing, slightly rounded, the rectrices (12) rather narrow {A. rufigula) to rather broad {A. hicolor, etc.), rounded terminally. Tarsus about one-third as long as wing, booted (nonscutellate) or with scutella of acrotarsium very indis- tinct; middle toe, with claw, nearly as long as tarsus; outer toe, without claw, not reaching to middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe slightly shorter; hallux about as long as inner toe but much stouter; middle toe united for whole of basal and part of second phalanx to outer toe, for half or more of basal phalanx to inner toe; claws rather large and strongly curved, that of the hallux decidedly shorter than the digit. Plumage full and blended, that of rump and flanks more elongated and lax; feathers a "Von dvonXoc (unbewaffnet) und w(l> (Gesicht)." (Cabanis and Heine.) BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 131 of pileum short; anteorbital and postocular regions (A. rufigula) or suborbital, postocular, and lower portion of loral regions {A. hicolor and allies) naked; latero-frontal feathers short and erect (denser, more plush-like in A. rnfigula). Coloration. — Plain brown or olive, with throat tawny or rufescent, or with throat and median under parts white;* sexes alike or nearly so. Range. — Honduras to Amazon Valley and Cayenne. (Eleven or more species recognized.^) KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ANOPLOPS. a. Underparts brown (no white), becoming tawny or rufous on throat and auricular region. (British Guiana to lower Amazon Valley.) Anoplops rufigula (extralimital).c aa. Underparts broadly white medially, including throat; aiu-icular region black or dusky. 6. Above bright tawny-chestnut, more rufescent on forehead, c. Sides and flanks chestnut or rufous-chestnut. (Colombia.) Anoplops ruficeps (extralimitaD.*^ cc. Sides and flanks olive-brown, becoming slate-grayish next to white of breast, etc. (Colombia and upper Amazon Valley.) Anoplops leucaspis (extralimital) . c 66. Above vandyke brown, not more rufescent on forehead. c. Forehead and postauricular regions slate color. (Eastern PanamA.) Anoplops bicolor (p. 132). cc. Forehead and postauricular region brown, like pileum, etc. (Western Pan- amd, to eastern Honduras.) Anoplops olivascens (p. 132). ffl A. lunulata (Sclatev and Salvin), a species which I have not seen, has black and ochraceous lunulations on the back, and whitish spots on inner webs of rectrices. b Of these I have not seen the following: A. lunulata (Sclater and Salvin), A. sahini (Berlepsch), A. griseiventris (Pelzeln), A. cristata (Pelzeln), A. berlepschi Sneth- lage, A. hoffmannsi Hellmayr, A. pallidus Cherrie, and A. melanosticta (Sclater and Salvin). Anoplops lunulata differs from A. bicolor and its allies in more slender bill, much narrower and more broadly operculate nostrils, and very much denser as well as longer feathering of the loral region. The stjde of coloration ia somewhat different, there being no white on the under parts, the chin and throat being rufous-tawny and the under parts of the body brown. The naked skin on sides of head, together with the legs and feet, are yellow, instead of blue and dusky horn color, respectively, as in A. bicolor, etc. c Turdus rufigula Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 39 (based on Petit viei-le brun d, gorge rousse de Cayenne Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 644, fig. 2). — Anoplops rufigula Cabanis, Wiegmann's Archiv fiir Naturg., 1847, pt. i, 214.— Pithys nifigula Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 273.— -Gymnopithys rufigula Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 297.— Turdus pectoralis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 357.— Myothera pectoralis Temminck, Tabl. M^th., 183 — ?, 17 .— Myrmothera pectoralis Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 396. <^ Gymnopithys ruficeps Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, sig. 28, Feb., 1892, 222, footnote (Cauca Valley, Colombia; coll. Brit. Mus.). < Myrmeciza leucaspis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855 (pub. Apr. 11), 253, aves, pi. 70 (Chamicuros, e. Peru; coll. J. Gould). — Pithys leucaspis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 274; Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 295.— G[ymno pithys] leucaspis Salvia and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, sig. 28, Feb., 1892, 221, in text. 132 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ANOPLOPS BICOLOR (Lawrence). BICOLORED ANTBIRD. Adults {sexes alike). — Above plain chestnut-brown or Vandyke brown, the forehead, lores, and sides of occiput slate color or slate- gray, the hmdneck partly the same color; malar, suborbital, and auricular regions black; sides of neck and thence to flanks (broadly) lighter brown (prouts brown to nearly sepia), sometimes with indis- tinct dusky spots or streaks along outer edge, especially on sides of neck; chin, throat, chest, breast, and abdomen immaculate white; under tail-coverts brown Gike flanks), tipped or margined with whitish or buffy; maxilla blackish, paler (sometimes dull whitish in dried skins) terminally and along tomium; mandible dull whitish or pale dull yellowish (in dried skins), darker basally; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins). Adult male.— Length (skins), 136-139 (138); wing, 74.5-79.5 (76.8); tail, 45.5-52 (47.8); culmen, 18.5-20.5 (19.5); tarsus, 27-28.5 (27.7); middle toe, 17.5-19 (18.2).« Adult female.— Length, (skins), 125-126 (125.5) ;& wing, 73-74 (73.5);* tail, 47-47.5 (47.2);* culmen, 18.5;'' tarsus, 26.5;'= middle toe, 17." Panama (Lion Hill; Chepo; Paraiso; Panama; Cascajal, Code; Santa Fe de Veragua). Pitliys leucaspis (not Myrmedza leucaspis Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc.N. Y., vii, 1862, 326 (Lion Hill, Panama). Pithys bicolor Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vii, 1862, 484 (Lion Hill Station, Panamd Railway; coll. G. N. Lawrence); viii, 1867, 6 (Lion Hill). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 357 (Lion Hill). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 145 (Santa Fe de Veragua, Panama). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 296, part (Panamd, Chepo, and Santa Fe de Veragua, Panama). [Pithys] bicolor Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 74, part (Panam^). Gymnopithys bicolor Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 221 (Santa F^ de Veragua, Lion Hill Station, Paraiso Station, and Chepo, PanamA). [Gymnopithys] bicolor Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 30, part (Panamd). ANOPLOPS OLIVASCENS (Ridgway), OLIVE-SIDED ANTBIRD. Similar to A. hicolor, but pileum and hindneck wholly chestnut- brown, like rest of upper parts. Adults (sexes alike). — Above plain chestnut-brown (prouts brown to Vandyke brown or even nearly burnt-umber), including entire pileum and hindneck; narrow line immediately above bare orbital region, sub- orbital region, auricular region, and malar region black; sides of neck and thence (broadly) to flanks plain brown (varying from olive-brown tt Three specimens. 6 Two specimens. c One specimen. BIRI>S OF NORTH AND MTDDT.E AMERICA. 133 to Vandyke brown), usnally \\\{\\ more or less distinct spots or broad streaks of blackish or dusky aloiiii; outer ed2:e, some of the brown feathers sometimes margined with whitish; under tail-coverts brown, tipped or margined with whitish or buffy ; dun, throat, chest, breast, and abdomen immaculate white; maxilla broANaiish black, paler (sometimes whitish) terminally and ak)ng toniia; mandible dull whitish or pale dull yellowish (in dried skins), usually dusky basally; legs and feet horn coU)r (in dried skins). Adult male.— Length (skins), 126-143 (135); wing, 71-78 (75.1); tail, 41.5-49.5 (45.9); culmen, 17-19 (18.2); tarsus, 25.5-27.5 (26.7); middle toe, 15.5-18.5 (17.4).« Adult female. —Length (skins), 126-138.5 (132); wing, 70-75.5 (72.9); tail, 43-46.5 (44.4); culmen, 17-19 (17.3); tarsus, 25.5-27.5 (26.6); middle toe, 16-18.5 (17.6).'' Immature male. — Similar to adults but chest mostly light mummy brown, and wliite of breast, etc., more or less intermixed w^th the same. Honduras (Santa Ana; Chaloma), Nicaragua (Chontales; Rio Escondido; San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua), Costa Rica (Angostura; Navarro de Cartago; La Balsa; Jimenez; San Jose; Pacuare; San Carlos; Boruca; El GenerM; Pozo del Rio Grande; Pozo Real de T6rraba; Pozo Aztil de Pirris; Volcdn de Turrialba; El Hogar; Guapiles; Cu^bre; La Florida; La Cristina; La Vij^gua) and western Panam^ (Divala; Volcan de Cliiriqui; Boquete). Pithys hicolor (not of Lawrence, 1863) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1868, 109 (Angostura, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Joum. fiir Om., 1869, 306 (Costa Rica).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 195 (Volcan de Chiriqui and and Bugaba, Panama; crit.).— Sclater, Ibis, 1873, 373 (Chontales, Nica- ragua); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 296, part (Bugaba and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; La Balsa, Costa Rica; Cbontales, Nicaragua). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 62 (San Carlos, Costa Rica). — Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 115 (Navarro de Cartago, Costa Rica). — Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 221 (Chaloma, Honduras). o- Nineteen specimens. b Thirteen specimens. Locality. Wing. TaU. Cul- men. Tarsus Middle toe. MALES. Two adult' males from Honduras One adult male from Nicaragua Ten adult males from Costa Rica Six adult males from western Panami. . . FEMALES. One adult female from Nicaragua Ten adult females from Costa Rica Two adult females from western Panamd 73.2 74 76 74.2 45.2 44.5 45.2 47.5 75.5 , 46 72. 4 j 44. 2 73.7 I 44.5 19 18 18.1 18.4 18.5 17.6 18.5 25.5 27 26.8 26.6 25.5 26.6 26.7 18 18 17.3 17.2 17 17.5 18.2 134 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [Gymnopithys] bicolor Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 30, part (Nicaragua). Pithys bicolor olivascens Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, no. 868, Oct. 26, 1891, 469 (Santa Ana, Honduras; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Gymnopithys olivascens Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 222 (Santa Ana, Honduras; Chontales, Nicaragua; Angostura, La Balsa, Navarro de Cartago, and San Carlos, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriquland Bugaba, Pan- amd). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 501 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). — Cherrie, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, 1893, 42 (Boruca, Costa Rica; crit.). [Gymnopithys] olivascens Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 30 (Honduras). Gymnopithys bicolor olivascens Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 1902, 42 (Boquete, Panamd, 4,000-6,000 ft.). — Cajrriker, Ann. Carnegie Mua., vi, 1910, 614 (Costa Rica; crit.; habits). Gymnopithys bicolor olivaceus Bangs, Auk, xviii, Oct., 1891, 366 (Divala, Pan- amd); xxiv, 1907, 296 (Boruca and Pozo del Rio Grande, s. w. Costa Rica). Genus PH^^NOSTICTUS Ridgway. Phmnostictus o Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxii, Apr. 17, 1909, 70. (Type, ' Phlogopsis mcleannani Lawrence.) Medium-sized or rather large Formicariidse (length about 190 mm.) with bill stout and about as long as head, tail nearly as long as wing, tarsal scutella fused, sides of head naked, and with back and under parts conspicuously spotted with black. BUI about as long as head, rather stout, moderately compressed terminally, its width at latero-frontal antise decidedly less than its depth at same point; culmen distinctly (almost sharply) ridged, nearly straight for most of its length or very slightly convex sub- basally, decurved terminally, the tip of maxilla moderately uncinate; maxillary tomium nearly straight, slightly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium straight, minutely notched subterminaUy; gonys decidedly convex and prominent basaUy, faintly convex and ascendiag terminally. NostrU exposed, posteriorly in contact with thin feathering of latero-frontal antise, broadly oval, margined above by a rather broad extension of the membraneous integument of the nasal fossse, an internal tubercle showing distinctly within posterior portion. Kictal bristles absent, but feathers of loral region with stiffened, bristle-like shafts. Wing moderate or rather large, with longest primaries extending considerably beyond secondaries; sixth, or fifth, sixth and seventh, primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) nearly two- thirds as long as the longest, the ninth about as long as secondaries. Tail of 12 rectrices, nearly as long as wing, graduated (graduation equal to length of tarsus or for about two-fifths its length), the rectrices rather narrow, rounded terminally. Tarsus a little more than one-third as long as wing, stout, booted (nonscutellate) ; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; outer toe, without claw, reaching to about middle of subterminal phalanx of middle o 0aii/w, I display, exhibit; arcKTdg, marked, spotted. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 135 toe, the inner toe slightly but decidedly shorter; hallux as long as inner toe, much stouter; basal phalanx and half of second phalanx of middle toe united to outer toe, the former united for a little more than half its length to inner toe; claws moderate in size and curva- ture, that of the hallux much shorter than the digit. Plumage full, the scapulars, interscapulars, and feathers of under parts broad, distmctly outlined, and compactly webbed, those of rump and flanks more elongated and lax; feathers of pileum short; loral, sub- orbital, and postocular regions naked, the ear quite exposed; a tuft or spot of short velvety feathers on upper eyelid. Coloration. — Pileum grayish brown; throat and chest black; back, scapulars, and ^^TUg-coverts olive-brown or tawny-brown with large roundish black spots, the under parts with similar but smaller spots on a more ruf escent ground ; tail black. Range. — Nicaragua to Panam4. (Monotypic.'^) PH.SNOSTICTUS MCLEANNANI MCLEANNANI (Lawrence). MC'LEANNAN'S ANTTHRUSH. Adults {sexes alike). — Pileum plain grayish brown (sepia to dark broccoli bro^vn); hindneck chestnut or rufous-chestnut; general color of upper parts light olive-brown (between raw-umber and broccoli brown), each feather of back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and tertials very conspicuously marked with a large roundish or transverse broadly elliptical subterminal spot of black, and broadly margined terminally with pale brownish buff or clay color; tail black or bro^\Tlish black; loral, orbital, and auricular regions unfeathered, except for scattered bristly feathers on the first and a small patch of black feathers immediately above and another beneath eye, the naked skin azure blue in life; malar region, chin, throat, and upper chest uniform black; lower chest deep cinnamon-rufous, the lower chest similar but slightly paler or duller, each feather with a large roundish, subcordate, or broadly elliptical transverse spot of black;