a a a 
 
 a 
 
 Boston College 
 Library 
 
 
 

 

 
 vi 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 

 
 Voyages and Defcriptions. 
 Vol. IL 
 In THREE Parts, wiz. 
 
 1. A Supplement of the Voyage round the World, 
 Defcribing the Countreys of Lonquin, Beate. ; 
 Malacca, ore. their Produc, Inhabitants, 
 Manners, Trade, Policy, oe, - 
 
 2. Two Voyages to Campeachy s with a De-|. 
 
 {cription of the Coafts,. Product, Inhabi- 
 
 tants, Logwood- -Cutting Trade, ec. of 
 
 Fucatan, Campeachy, New-Spain, ore, 
 
 3. A Difcourfe of Trade-Winds , Breezes Ht 
 Storms, Seafons of the Year, aa and | | 
 Currents of the Torrid Wiis eifoiahoutl 
 
 the World : With an Account of Nuial 3 in 
 Africk, its Produ&, Negro’s, Gc. 
 
 
 
 By Captain William Dam opie 
 
 ; Uluftrated with Particular Maps and Draughts. 
 
 
 
 To which is Added, 
 
 
 
 \ 4 General INDEX to both Volumes. : 
 
 EON DON, 
 
 s | Printed for Fames Kuapton, at the Crown i in St Panls 
 
 Church- yard. M DC XCIX, | 
 
 LEARNS BOER SS aS Saha e nat 40 
 
 
 

 
ia ii ak a a i | ad 
 
 
 
 : 
 
 To the Right Honourable 
 
 EDWARD, 
 ‘Karl of ORFORD, 
 ' ‘Vifcount Barfleur, Baron of 
 _ Shingey, Principal Lord of the 
 
 Admiralty, Treafurer of his 
 _ Majelty’s Navy, @c. and one 
 _ othis Majefty’s moft Honon- 
 rable" Privy Council. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 P Is in Acknowledgement of the Fa- 
 vours your Lord{bip has conferr'd 
 upon me, that I prefume to place your 
 Name before thefe Papers. Ibe Honours 
 able Perfon to whom I dedicated my for- 
 mer Volume could not have taken a more 
 agreeable way to befriend me, than by 
 recommending me to your Patronage ; 
 and I {hall always retain a grateful fenfe 
 Of it : and your Lordhip has been pleas d 
 40 prefer me in a way furtable to my Genius 
 | A 2 and 
 
 
 
See ee ae ae ee ee ee ee a 
 ee aa . 
 
 and Experience; and wherein therefore, 
 if in any way, I may be able to do fome- 
 thing toward the preferving the good Opi- 
 nion you have been pleafed to entertain 
 of me. “Tis a further fatisfaftion tome 
 that my Employment is of fuch a Nature, 
 as does not alienate me from your Lord- 
 {hips more peculiar Furifdittion , but 
 places me more immediately under it, 
 and chiefly accountable to your felf. What- 
 ever parts of the World I {ball range inte, 
 I {ball carry this comfort along with me, 
 that next under the Providence of God, 
 and bis Majeftys Protection , 1 shall 
 be fo long as [ am upon the Seas, in the 
 Province, and under the Direction of your 
 Lordjbip and the Honourable Board : 
 for whofe favours to me in general I have 
 no better way of Expreffing my Gratitude, 
 than by doing it thusto your Lordjbip, 
 who Prefides there And with thefe 
 ~— Sentimenrs, I am bold to fubfcvihe my felf, 
 
 » My Lord, 
 
 Your Lordfhips Moft Faithful, and 
 Devoted Humble Servant, 
 
 
 
 
 
 a ae eS fae fe Pea 6 
 
 William Damper. 
 

 
 ee ON hg i DAY i ae ey 3 
 
 N the Preface to my former Folume, 1 have accounted for the 
 
 * Defign, Method and Stile of thofe Relations of my Travels: — 
 what I have more to fay of that kind, is chiefly with reference — 
 to what I now offer the Reader.. Thus farI have thought fit to — 
 - changemy Method in this Volume, as to divide it into diftin& — 
 Parts, ‘becaufe the Matters it treats of are fo different from one | 
 another, in point of Time, or other Circumftances : but ftill in 
 each Part I have taken the fameCourfe of making feveralChapters, 
 that this Volume might retain fome Uniformitywith the other. 
 The Firff of thefe is that Account I promifed of my Voyages — 
 from Achin in Sumatra, to feveral places in the E. Jndies ; of © 
 which I forbore to particularize in the former Volume, for Rea- 
 fons there mentioned. I have now more than difcharg’d my felf 
 of that Promife : for Ihave improved my own Obfervations, e- 
 pecially as to Tonquin, by thofe of fome Exglifh Gentlemen, who | 
 made a confiderable {tay in that Kingdom. I am abundantly fa- — 
 tisfied my felf ot their Ability and Integrity ; the proper Qualifi- — 
 cations in things of this Nature: and could Ihave obtained their 
 leave, the Reader alf{o fho uld have had the fatisfa€tion of knowing 
 to whom he was to abfcribe fever al of thofe Particulars: However, 
 I have taken frequent Occalions to diftinguifh in general what I 
 faw, from what I was informed of, ThisPart is the Supplement 
 of what is contained in the former Volume; and compleats the Voy- 
 age round the World, . 4 
 . The Second Part contains what relates tothe time I {pent inthe | 
 Bay of Campeachy, either as a Logwood-Cutter, or a Trader to 
 them. This was before I made my Voyage round the World, as | 
 the Reader will perceive: and upon this occafion, therefore, I have - 
 gone fo far back,as to {peak of my firftEntrance upon thisRambling © 
 kind of Life. For the Account it gives of Campeachy, and the § 
 Neighbouring Parts of Fcatan and New Spain, cc. L refer the Rea- ; 
 der to the work its felf. -. 
 The Zhird Part is an Account of the Winds,andWeather,Storms, | 
 Tides, and Currents of the Zorrid Zone, round the World; which | 
 may be of ufe towards the Improvement of Navigation, and that | 
 part of Natural Hiffory.’ “Tis the fubftance of what I have re- | 
 oark’d or learnt, about things of that kind, in fo long a Courfe of | 
 roving» . 
 
 Te eee a) LS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 heck be FCF 
 
 roving upon the Seas: and tho I have not omitted to {peak of 
 thefe matters in the feries of my Voyages, as occafion offered, yet 
 | Ithoughe it might not be unacceptable, to put them together in 
 one View alfo by themfelves, in a Methodical Difcourfe, ranging 
 the feveral particulars under their proper Heads. 
 
 To render thefe things the more Intelligible, Ihave prefixed pe- 
 ) culiar AZaps: one to each of the foregoing Parts; but two to this - 
 of the Winds, ec. that the Variety of Trade-Winds might fome 
 _ way be Pictured, as it were, to the Eye; and the Reader might 
 be the lefs liable to be confounded withthe Multiplicity of Words, 
 denoting the feveral Points of the Compafs, or other Terms necef- 
 -fary tothe Defcriptional part of the Difcourfe. Thefe Maps contain 
 the Zorrid Zoze, and fo muchtowards each Pole as was of ufe to 
 _ my Defign : and the Projection differs in this only from the Com- 
 | mon Maps, thatin order to fhew the At/antick and South Oceans 
 /each in one entire View, the Divifion of the Hemifpheres is 
 made, not at the firft Meridian, (reckoning from Tesariffe,) nor at 
 | the 350th, asis ufualalfo-and as tis in the Globe-Map, prefixed 
 to my firit Volume, but at the gooth ; yet ftill retaining. the 
 common Graduation in the Equator, from that cuftomary Meridi- 
 an ofthe Cazaries, or C. Verd. 
 __ And upon thismentionof the Arlantick Sea, there is one thing 
 Twould obferve to the Reader, that Iufe that name not only for 
 the North Sea,as ‘tis calld, but for this whole Ocean, on both fides 
 of theEqzator.betweenExzrope and 4frick on one hand,and America on 
 the other. If [be queftioned for taking thisLibercy,1 fhould think it 
 enough tofay,that I wanted a general Name for this whole Ocean, 
 and I could not find one more proper. And yet even as to the 
 Reafon of the thing, if the Difcovery ofa Sea to the South of the 
 Dfthmus of Darien, or the Mexican Coaft, were ground fufficient 
 for the extending the Name of South Sea to all that largeft Ocean 
 ofthe World, tho it lies Hef, racher, of the wholeContinent of 
 | America; much more mayi be allowed a lefs confiderable enlarge- 
 ' mentof thename of Atlantick Sea, which others have long fince ex- 
 tended to fo greata part of thisOcean, from its Original narrow 
 Confines, the Neighbourhood of Mount Atlas, and the Coatts of 
 Mauritania. 1 know that fo much of this Ocean as lies South of 
 ithe R. Niger, went ufually by the name of the eAithiopick Sea : 
 yet I can’t learn a fufficient Reafon for it : for tho’tis true that the 
 Antients call’d all the South parts of Africk to each Sea, «Athiopia, 
 fyet even upon this bottom, the name of eHthiopick Sea fhould 
 “have been left common tothe Oceans on each fide the ai? = 
 | : 99 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
oe 
 +h 
 
 The PRE FACR. 
 
 Good Hope. But if the Name mutt be appropriated, why to this oh 
 the Weft of Africa? why not rather to that on its E, Coaft2? which 
 lies nearer the Jzward or more proper Ethiopia, now the Abiffine 
 Empire ; and confequently might better be call’d the Athiopick 
 Sea. Accordingly I have ventured to call it fo, Vol. I. page 289, 
 making it there the fame as the Indian; which I alfo make to be 
 all the Ocean from the Eaft Coaft of Africa to the remotett of the 
 E. India Vlands, New Holland, and New Guinea: tho this Name 
 alfo of Indian Sea has been underftood, ufually, of narrower 
 bounds. But be-that as it will, I was for ufing. comprehentfive © 
 Names: and therefore thefe three Names of Atdantick, Indian, and 
 South Seas or Oceans, ferve me for the whole Ambit of the Torrid 
 Zone, and what elfe I have occafion to {peak of. \ 
 To thefe three Parts is added a General Index of both Folumes, 
 The firf# Volume fhould not have been publifh’d without one, but — 
 that twas referved to be annex’d to this; that the Reader might — 
 not have the trouble of turning over two Alphabets. “a 
 Thus what! defigned as an Appendix to the former Volume, is 
 grown to be its felf a Volume anfwerable to the other. And TI am 
 fenfible there is one part of the intended Appendix yet behind, zx. 
 The Defcription of the South Sea Coafts of America; from the 
 Spani/b Pilot-Books, Ge. { confefs I had thoughts of crowding — 
 it into this Volume : but befides the drynefs and fatigue of fuch a — 
 Work, and the fmallleifure I had for it, I was quite difcouraged — 
 from attempting it, when upon nearer View of the Matter I found © 
 in thofe Defcriptions and Charts a repugnance with each other in 
 many particulars; and fome things which from my own experience 
 I knew to be erroneous. Indeed as they are they may be very ufeful — 
 to Sailors in thofe Parts, being generally tight enough in the — 
 Main: but I wasloth to'undertake a work, much of which muft — 
 have confifted in correéting Miftakes, and yet have left unavoida- — 
 bly many moretobe reétihed. Othersmay have Time and Helps _ 
 for this affair; and future Difcoveries may give greater Lightto — 
 dire them. Tome it fhall fuffice, that bating this one parti- — 
 cular, I have hete endeavoured to perform what I had made the 
 Publick expe& from me, : 
 
 
 
 
 
 “el 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 The CON TENTS. 
 Pea. Roa, [. 
 The Supplement of the Voyage round the World. 
 Oe The Authors Voyage from Achin to Malacca and Ton 
 
 quin. . 
 2. The Natural State of Tonquin. 
 3. Of the Natives, their Cuftoms, Religion, Trade, &e. 
 4. Of the Government: Kings, Soldiery, and Mandarins. 
 5. Voyage to Tena. The A.’s. journey by land to Cachao, and Occur- 
 rences. ‘ 
 6. Has return from Tonquin, with fome particulars of Cambodia 
 and Bancouli, and Arrival at Malacca and Achin. 
 
 7. Achin defcrib’d ; its Natural and Political Sate, Cuftoms, Trade, 
 Civil War, &c. 
 
 8. His Voyage to Malacca again: Malacca defcribed. 
 
 9. His Return to Achin ; Voyage to Fort St George, and thence 
 to Bencouli: Bencouli decribed. 
 
 PAA iT. 
 The Gampeachy Voyages. 
 
 Chap. 1. Tae 4.5 xft Voyage to Campeachy, and Return. Jucatan’ 
 Alcranes, and I. of Pines defcrib’d. 
 
 2. Hu2d Voyage. The E. Coaft of Campeachy defcrib’d ; its Vege= 
 tables, Weather, Animals, &c. 
 
 3- Logwood-Curting, Beef-Hunting, and Occurrences. ; 
 4. The W. Coaft of Campeachy defcrib’d ; its Mountain-Cow, Indi- 
 ans, &c. Fi 
 5. The Coaft further W. and produéts, of Campeachy and New Spain 
 
 decribed. Tae 4.’s return to England. 
 
 ‘Poa Bers tik 
 
 A Difcourfe of Winds, Storms, Seafons, Tides, 
 and Currents in the Torrid Zone, 
 
 Chap. 1. Of the True or General Trade Wind at Sea, Crofing the 
 Line, &c. ; 
 
 2. Of the Coafting and conftant Trade Winds. 
 
 3. Of the fhifting Trade-Winds, and Monfoons. 
 
 4. Of the Ordinary Sea and Land Breezes. 
 
 §- Of peculiar Breezes, and Winds of particular effects , Summafenta 
 Winds, Cartagena’ Breezes, Popogaios, Tereno’s, and Harma- — 
 tans. 
 
 6. Of ftorms, Norths, Souths, Hurricane’s, Tuffoons, frormy 
 Monfoons , aad Elephanta’s. 
 
 7. Of the Seafons of the Year, Weather, Rains and Tornadoes. 
 
 8. Of Tides and Currents. Natal defcribed; its Produit, Negroes, &c. 
 

 
 
 
 Mr Dampier’s'V oyages. 
 
 
 
 
 
 “0 Loe 
 
 PAR EE 
 
 | His Voyage from Achin iz Sumatra, to 
 Tonquin, and other places in the 
 Eaft-Indies. | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP, L 
 
 Lhe Connexion of this difcourfe with the Voy¢ 
 age round the World. The Authors de- 
 parture from Achin iz the Ifle of Su- 
 matra with Captain Weldon. Their 
 Courfe along the Streights of Malacca. Pu- 
 lo Nuttee, sazd other Iflands. The R. and 
 Kinz dom of Jihore.. Pulo Ore, and Pulo 
 Timaon : Greez Turtle there. Pulo-Con- 
 
 dore. Sholes of Pracel, River of Cambo- 5 | 
 dia, Coaft of Champa, Pulo Canton. Co. > 
 
 chinchinefe, Pulo Champello, R. azd City. i 
 ic 
 
 wrackt men detained nfually at Cochinchina ° . 
 i ‘a 
 
 of Quinam. Oyl of Porpuffes and Turtle. Ship- 
 
 an. 
 
 
 

 
 i 
 An.1688 
 Syne 
 
 
 
 The Connexion with the former Vol. 
 
 and Pegu. Aguala wood from the Bay of Si- 
 am. Bayof Tonquin. I. of Aynam, and 
 other Iflands. Rokbo one mouth of the chief 
 R. of Tonquin. Fifhers I. River of Domea, 
 the other Mouth. Its Bar and Euxtrance. 
 Mountain Elephant. Pearl-Iflands. Pilots 
 
 ’ of Battha. They go upthe River of Domea. 
 Domea and its Gardens, and Dutch there. 
 They leave their Ships at Anchor above it, 
 Daphere the Natives build a Town. They go 
 up to the chief City in the Country Boats. 
 The River, and the Country about it. Lepronus . 
 Beggars. Hean, 4 own of uote 5 Chinefe 
 there. The Governor, Shipping and Tides 
 
 They arrive at Cachao,the Metropolis of Ton- 
 
 quin. 
 
 aie Reader will find upon perufing my Voyage 
 a round the World, that I then omitted to {peak 
 particularly of the excurfions I made to Tonquin, 
 Malacca, Fort St. George, and Bencouli, from <Achin 
 in the Ifle of Sumatra; together with the defcrip- 
 
 tion 1 intended to give of thofe’parts: Ido but — 
 
 juft mention them there ; but fhall now proceed 
 to amore diftin& accountof them. 
 
 And to keepto the order of time, the Reader 
 may recolle&, that my firft departure from 
 Achin was to Tonauin, along with Captain Weldon, 
 about uly 1688. as I have faid p. sosth of my 
 former Volume. I have there related in a page 
 or two before, to how weak a condition my felf 
 and my Companions were brought, through the 
 fatigues of our paflage from Nicobar to Achin: yet 
 did not my weaknefs take me off from contriving 
 fortie employment or expedition, whereby I might 
 have a comfortable fubfiftence. Captain Weldon 
 
 touched 
 
a 
 
 The A. fets'ont from Achin for Tonquin. 3 
 touched here, to fell the ‘Slaves he had brought 4z.16g@ | 
 with him from Fort St. George; it being in his way ~~~ 
 to the Streights of Malacca, and fo to Tonquin, 
 whither he wasbound. ‘This afforded me the op- 
 portunity of trying that Voyage, to which he 
 kindly invited me, and to which I was the more 
 incouraged becaufe he had a good Surgeon in his 
 Ship, whofe Advice I needed : and my friend Mr. 
 Hall was particularly animated thereby ; who had 
 alfo refolv’d upon thisVoyage,and wasin a weaker 
 
 - condition than my felf.. Befides, Captain Weldoz 
 promifed to buy a Sloop at Tonquin, of which he 
 would make me Commander, to go a trading 
 Voyage from thence to Cochinchina, Champa, Cam- 
 bodia, or fome other of the adjacent Countries: 
 which Trade has been fcarce yet been attempted 
 by our Country-men, and there were hopes it 
 might turn to a good account ; buc this project 
 came to nothing. rh Ab Soy 
 
 - However, Captain Weldon having finifhed his 
 bufinefs at Achin, Ifet out thence with him through 
 the Streights of Malacca, and we foon arrived at 
 the Town of Malacca: of which Town and 
 Country, I fhall have a better occafion to {peak 
 hereafter. Here we found the Cafar of London, — 
 commanded by Captain Wright, whocame from | 
 Bombay, and was bound to China, . He ftopt here 
 to water and refrefh, as is ufual for Ships to do 
 do that pafs thefe Streights.. By. him we were in- 
 formed that three other Eng/ifh Ships had touched 
 ‘here, and were paft on to the Eaftward 10 days 
 before. Thefe 3 Ships came from Fort St. George, 
 in company with Captain Weldon: but his bufinets 
 calling him to Achin, they in the mean time pro- 
 fecuting their Voyage, got the ftart of us thus 
 ‘much. The Czfar was {oon ready to fail again, 
 and went away the next morning after our arrival 
 
 B2 Oar 
 
 Pa a, Se eee Oe ae 
 
 at Malacca, 
 
 
 
*! Pulo Nuttee. R. and K, of Jihore. 
 41688 Onur Captain being a ftranger to the Bay of Toss 
 yw gquin, as were all his Ships company, he hired a 
 a Datch Pilot at Malacca ; and having finifhed his 
 bufinefs there, we fet fail, two days after the Cz- 
 | far, We were defirous to overtake thefe four 
 
 Ships, and therefore crouded all the fail we could 
 | make; having a ftrong wefterly wind, accompa- 
 | nied with many hard Gufts and Tornadoes: and 
 | the very next day we got fight of them; for they 
 had not yet paffed througha narrow paflage,called 
 the Streights of Sincapore. We foon got up 
 1 with them, and paft through together; and fail- 
 | ing about 3 leagues further we anchored near an 
 | Ifland called Pulo Nuttee, belonging to the King- 
 | dom of Fibore. ' | 
 
 Here Captain Weldon took in wood and water, 
 and fome of the Indian Inhabitants came aboard us _ 
 | in their Canoas, of whom we bought a few Co- _ 
 | coa-nuts, Plantains, and frefh Fifh. We ftaid 
 here not above 24 hours ; for the other Ships had 
 filled moft of their water at other Iflands near 
 this, before we came up with them: for tho 
 Ships do ufually take in water at Malacca Town, 
 yet they do as frequently difcharge it again at 
 fome of thefe Iflands, and take in better. 
 
 We failed the next day, and kept near the Aé- 
 Jacca fhore ; and there pafling by the mouth of the 
 Rivér Fibore, we left many other Iflands on our 
 Star-board fide. : 
 
 The River of Fibore runs by the City of that 
 hame, which is the feat of the little Kingdom of 
 ‘Fibore. This Kingdom lies on the Continent of 
 Malacca, and confifts of the extremity or doubling 
 of that Promontory. It abounds. with Pepper, 
 and other good Comfiiodities. 
 
 They are. a Mahometan people, very warlike, 
 and defirous of trade. They delight much in/ 
 Shipping and going to Sea, ali the neighbouring 
 
 Iflands 
 
 
 
Veffels of Jihore, Pulo Oro, azd Timaon. = 
 Iflands,in a manner being Colonies of this King- 4y,16¢8 
 dom, and under its Government. They coaft~ ~~~ 
 about in their own Shipping to feveral parts of 
 Sumatra, fava, &c. their Veffels are but {mall, 
 yet very ferviceable ; and the Dutch buy up a 
 great many of rhem ata {mall price, and make 
 good trading Sloops of them, But they firft fic 
 them up after their own fafhion, and put a Rud- 
 der to them, which the Fibcrians. don't ufe, tho 
 they are very good Sea-men in their way; but 
 they make their Veffels fharp at each end, tho 
 but one end is ufed as the Head: and inftead of 
 a Rudder, they have on each fide the Stern a 
 thing like a very broad Oar, one of which they 
 let down into the water at pleafure, as there is. 
 occafion to, fteer the Ship either to the one fide or. 
 the other, always letting down that which isto, 
 the Leeward. They have Proes ofa particular. 
 neatnefs and-curiofity. We callthem Halfmoon 
 -Proes, forthey turn up fo much at each end from 
 the water, that they much refemble a Halfmoon, 
 withithe Horns upwards. They are kept very clean, 
 fail. well, and are: much, u ed by them in. their 
 Wars. fhe people of ‘Fibore have formerly en- 
 deavoured, to get a Commerce with our Nation.. 
 For what reafon. that trade is neglected by us I 
 _know not.) The Dutch, wade very much there ; 
 and have lately endeavoured to bring the King, 
 who is very young, to their bow, } 
 
 At the farther end of the. Streights of Malacca, 
 among many other Iflands, we fail’d by. thofe of 
 Pulo Oro, and Pulo Timaon: which laft is a place, 
 often touch’d at for wood, water, and other re-- 
 frefliments, tho we paft ic by. Among other. 
 things, there are great plenty of excellent Green 
 Turtle among thele Iffands, 
 
 Being at length got clear of all.the Iflancs into 
 the wide Ocean, we nests away fill rogethe 
 
 : 5 3 , talk 
 
 4 
 
 
 

 
 -. 6 ~ Palo Canton and Champello. 
 — An.1688 till we came in fight of Pulo Condore : when having 
 *v—~ all brought to,and {poke with each other, we part= 
 ) ed for our feveral Voyages. The Czfar and two 
 others, that were bound 'to Chia, fteered away 
 tothe Eaftward, keeping tothe South of Palo Con- 
 dore , it being their beft courfe, thereby to avoid 
 the large fholes ‘of Pracel. We and the Saphire of 
 Fort St. George, commanded by Captain Lacy, 
 fteered more Northerly; and leaving Pulo Condore 
 on our Starboard, we hall'd in for the Continent, 
 and fell in with. ic nearthe River of Cambodia. 
 But leaving this alfo on onr Starboard fide, 
 we coaited along’ to the Eaftward, keeping near 
 the Champa thore ; and coming to the point of 
 Vand that bounds the S$. W. part’ of the Bay of 
 Tonquin, we doubled it, and coafting to the North; 
 leaving Champa {tilt on our Larboard fide, and thé’ _ 
 dangerous fhoals of Pracel about-12 or 14 leagues’ 
 off on our Starboard fide, we kept-along fair by 
 
 
 
 “4 
 i 
 
 the fhore, juft without’ Pyle Canton. © 
 » This Ifland lies in’ about 13‘d/North. Ie is 
 much frequented ‘by’ the ‘Cochinchivefe, whofe 
 Country begins hereabouts, bordering on the 
 Kingdom of Champa. ‘They are ‘moft Fifhermen 
 that ‘come hicher, and their chief bufinefs is ‘to 
 make Oy! of Porpuffes : for thefe Fifh ‘are found 
 in great plenty here at fome feafons of the year; 
 and then the Cochinchinefe refort Hither to take 
 them. The people'that we found Gn‘ Pulo Condorey 
 mentioned in the rath Chapter of my Voyage 
 round the World, page’295, were’ of 'thefe Co-' 
 chinchinefe, “The Turtle alfo which they catch is: 
 chiefly in order to make Oyl of * their fat: and’ 
 there is great ftore of Turtle on all this Coaft. 
 We coafted yet: farther on this‘thore, ‘till we 
 came to the Hflands of Champello. 'Thefe may 
 feem to have fome affinity to’ Champa, by the 
 Jound. of the word, which one would take to be 
 
 
 
R. and C, of Quinam, azd Cochinchinefe. 7 
 
 aPortuguefe diminutive ofChampa; yet they lye onthe 47,1688 
 Gochinchina Coaft,and belong to it,tho uninhabited. ~~~ 
 They are 4 or ¢ in number, and lye 4 or ¢ leagues 
 from the fhore.T hey are calledChampello de laMar,to. 
 diftinguifh them from others lying farther down in 
 the Bay of Tonquin, called Champello deTerra, Theis 
 laft lye in about 16 d.45 m. North, but the Iflands 
 of Champello de la Mar \ye in about 13 d. 45 m. N. 
 Over againft thefelaft Iands, on the Main, 
 there isa large navigable River empties irfeif into. 
 _ the Sea. The City of Quinam ftands on the banks. 
 of this River, and is faid to be the principal 
 City of the Kingdom of Cochinchina. As to its. 
  diftance from the Sea, its bignefs, ftrength, riches, 
 @c. Lam yet in the dark: only I have been in- 
 form’d, that ifa Ship iscaft away on this Kingdom, 
 the Seamen that efcape drowning and get afhore. 
 _ become Slaves to the King. Captain ‘foba Tiler 
 was thus ferved, and defpaired of ever getting his 
 freedom ; but after a confiderable ftay there he 
 was taken notice of by the King ; and upon pro- 
 mife Of returning thither again to trade there, he. 
 was fent aways I failed in a Veflel of his after. 
 this: but Inever found him inclined to Trade . | 
 thither any more. However, notwithitanding . 
 this their feverity to Shipwracke people, I have | 
 been informed by Captain Tiler and others, that. 
 they havea defire to Trade, tho’ they are yet de- 
 ftitute of the means to attain it. This defire of. 
 Trade, they feem to have taken up from fome. 
 Chinefe fugitives, who fled fromthe Tartars, when 
 they conquered their Country: and being kindly 
 received by thefe Cochinchinefe, and having among 
 them many Artificers, they inftruéed their kind, 
 protectors in many ufefulArts, of which they were 
 wholly ignorant. before. “Tis probable this their. 
 cuftom of feizing Shipwrackt Seamen may foon, 
 yanifh by the coming in Trade,which ‘sala 
 ae MS oi — oo ae 
 
 
 
8 Aguala-wood. I, of Aynam. 
 
 “An.1683 advancing among them; for the Merchants of 
 wy China do now drive fome {mall traffick among thefé 
 | people, and fetch thence fome fmall quantities of 
 
 Pepper, Zignum Aloes, and Aguala Wood, which 
 is much efteemed for its tare fcent, and is very 
 valnable in other places of India.’ They alfo 
 fetch Betle from henc¢) it growing here in great 
 plenty. Phave had no account of any Shipping 
 the Cochinchinefe have of their own, but I have 
 met with them in their open Boats of 4, 5, or 6 
 Tun; imploying themfelves chiefly in getting 
 Pitch and Tar from Pulo Condore, in fifhing about 
 the Coaft and Iflandto get Oyl, and in fetching: 
 Aguala Wood from the Bay of Siam; which} 
 whether it grows there or no, I can’t tell, but 
 I have heard that ’tis only drift- wood caft afhore 
 by the Sea. 7 | 
 ’ The feizing Shipwrackt-men has been alfo a 
 cuftom at Page, but whether ftill continued I . 
 know not: They lookt on fuch as men preferv- 
 ed by God, purpofely for them ‘to feed and main- 
 tain ; and therefore the King ordered'themto be 
 maintained by his Subjeéts; neither was any 
 work required of them, ‘but they had liberty to 
 beg. By thismeans they got food and rayment 
 from the Inhabitauts, who were zealoufly char: 
 Pepe Otic. Oe ere eR ch ieee 
 But to’proceed ; we kept a little without all 
 the Iflands, and coafting § or 6 leagues further; — 
 a. we {tood right over towards the N. E: Cod of the 
 Bay of ‘Tonquin: : The Bay of Tonquin has its en- 
 trance between’ the S. E, point of Champa on the 
 ‘Welt fide, which ‘lies in the ‘lat: of about 12 d, 
 North, and the Ifland’of Aynam near the S. W. 
 part of China, on the Eaft fide. . The Hfland of .4y- 
 iam isin about 19 d. North. It is a pretty confi- 
 derable Ifland, well peopled with Chinefe Inhabi- 
 tants. They ‘have Ships of their own, and drive 
 me a 
 
 
 
B. of Tonquin. R.Rokbo. 9 
 a great trade by Sea. Ihave feen many of their 4y,1688 
 Ships; fome of 100 Tun, with Outlagers on both payed 
 fides, and others like ordinary Jonks, withoutOut- © — 
 lagers: but am wholly ignorant of their Trade, 
 any farther than what {1 have mentioned of their 
 having Pearl Oryfters there, in the 7th 
 Chapter of my Voyage round.the World, page 174. 
 ~ Near the Cod of the Bay of Tonquin there are 
 - abundance of{mall Iflands, of which I fhall {peak 
 more hereafter.’ The mouth of the Bay feems to 
 be barr’d up with the great fhole of Pracel, which 
 lies ftretched at length before it, yet leaving two 
 wide Channels, one at each end; fo that Ships 
 may pafs in or out either way. And therefore 
 even the Ships that are bound from the Streights 
 of Malacca or Siam to China, may as well pals to 
 
 . and fro within the fhole at without. 
 
 - The Bay of Tonquin is about 30 leagues wide in 
 _ the broadeft place. Thereis good founding and 
 anchoring all over it: and in the middle, whereit 
 is deepeft, there is about 46 fathom water. There 
 you have black Oaz, sand dark Peppery Sand: 
 but-on the Weft fide there is reddifh Oazy Sand, 
 Befide the other Iflands befere-mentioned, there 
 are. others of lefs note on the Cochinchina Coatt ; 
 but none of therm all above 4 or ¢ miles from the 
 PHORE! ost HMSTEIN, SIDES Sere 
 In the bottom ofthe Bay alfo, there are fome 
 {mall Iflands, clofe by the-Zonquin thore: 2 ofthefe 
 are of efpecial note, not for their  bignefs, bue a 
 for Sea-marks forthe 2 principal Rivers, or mouth | 
 rather of the chief River of Tonqum. One 
 of thefe Rivers or Mouths, is call’d -Rokbo, It ea 
 difcharges it felf into the Sea near the N. Wecor- 
 ner of the Bay: and the mouth of itisin‘abour =~ c 
 20d. 6m.N. This River or branch I wasnot aty 
 but have beeninformed, that it has not above 12 
 foot water at the entrance; but -that iss bottom 
 iv ee i ‘ is 
 
 
 

 
 10. Fifoers 1. R. of Domea. 
 
 "An.1688 is foft Oaz, and therefore very convenient for. 
 ww fimall Veffels, and it is the way that all the Chinefe. 
 "and Siamers do ufe. About a Leagne to the 
 Weftward ofthis Rivers mouth, there isa {mall 
 
 pretty high Ifland called Fifhers Ifland. It lyeth 
 
 about 2 mile from the fhore, and it hath good an- 
 choring about i¢ in 17 or 18 foot water : and 
 therefore it is not only a Sea-mark for the River, 
 
 but a fecure place to ridein, and very convenient 
 
 for Ships to anchor at, to thelter themfelves when 
 
 they come hither, efpecially if they have not a 
 
 prefent opportunity to enter the River ; either 
 becaufe of coming too latein the year, or being 
 hindered by bad weather: . | 
 
 The other River or Mouth, was that by which | 
 we entered ; and “tis larger and deeper than the. 
 former. I know not its particular name; but for 
 diftinGion I shall call it the River of Domes ; he- 
 caufe the firft Town ofnote, that [faw on its bank, 
 was fo called. The. mouth of this River is in 
 lat 20 d. 45 m. Ie difembogues 20 leagues to the 
 N.E. of Rokbo. There aremany dangerous Sands. 
 and Shoals, betweenthefe 2 Rivers, which ftretch. 
 into the Sea 2 leagues or more : and all the Coaft, 
 even from the Cochinchina fhore on the Welt, to. 
 China on the Eaft, admits of Shoals and Sands, 
 which yet in fome places lie ftretched farther off 
 from the fhore than in others. 
 
 This River of Domea is that by which moft 
 European Ships enter, for the fake of its depth: yet _ 
 here isa Bar of near 2 mile broad, and the Chan- 
 nel is about half a mile broad, having Sands on each, 
 fide: The depth of the River is various at different, 
 times and feafous,by the relation ofthePilots who. 
 are beft acquainted here : for at fome times of the. 
 year hereis not above rs or 16 foot water ona 
 {pringtide, and at othertimes here are 26or 27 foot. 
 Thehighelt tides are faid to be in the month ofNo- ' 
 
 wember, 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 The Channel; M. Elephant. Battha. 
 
 
 
  wember, December, and Fanuary, when the Not- 47.1688 
 therly Monfoons blow ; and the loweft in Ada,“ w 
 
 Fune, and ‘fuly, when the Southerly Monfoons 
 blow : but to be particular in them is beyond my 
 experience. a8 
 ~The Channel of the Bar is hard Sand, which 
 makesit the more dangerous: and the Tides whirl- 
 ing among the Sands, fet divers ways in a Tides. 
 time ; which makes it the more dangerous ftill. 
 ThereforeShips that come hither, commonly wait 
 for a Pilot to dire& them,and if they arrive when ie 
 is Nepe-tide, they mnft flay for a Spring before a 
 Pilot will come off to take charge of them. The 
 mark of this River isa-great high ridgy Mountain 
 in the Country, call’d the Elephant... This muft be 
 brought tobear N. W. by N.: then fteering towards 
 the fhore, the water runs fhallower, till you come 
 into 6 fathom, and then you willbe 2 or 3 miles 
 from ‘the foot or ‘entrance of the Bar, and about 
 the fame diftance from a {mall Ifland called Pearl 
 Ifland ; which will’ then bear neareft N. N. E. 
 Having thefe’ marks and depth, you may anchor, 
 and wait fora Pilot. | ’ : 
 
 The Pilots for this River areFifhermen, who. 
 live ata Village call’d Batfhe, at the mouth of 
 theRiver; fo feated;that they can fee all Ships chat: 
 wait for a Pilot, and hear the Guns too, thac are 
 often fired as fignals by Europeans, to give notice: 
 of theirarrival.s ‘yous : 
 °>Jt was in the: road before the Bar, in fight of: 
 _ the Elephant Land, that. we foundsthe Raiwbow of) 
 Londo , Captain Pool Commander, tiding and 
 waiting for a Pilot) when we and Captain Lacy: 
 arrived. Captain Pool came dire@ly from Englind, 
 and pafling through the Streights of Sandy, touched 
 at Batavia, “os 10°e! ae Ole 
 
 He had lain here 2 or 3 days before we arrived: 
 but the Sprivg-tides. coming on, the Pilots came. 
 eS Siena ta’ 7 aboard, 
 

 
 
 
 12 T, of Domea. Fhe Dutch there: 
 
 '4n.1688 aboard, and weall 3 incompany paffed in over 
 
 ~~ the Bar, and entring about half flood, we had. 
 14 foot and a half wateron the Bar. Being got 
 over the Bar we found it deeper, and the bottom 
 foft Oaz. The River atits mouth is above a mile 
 wide, but grows narrower.as you run farther up. 
 We had a moderate Sea-breeze, and having a 
 good tide of flood, made the beft of it to reach 
 to our anchoring place. 
 
 Having run about 5 or 6 leagues up the River, 
 we paft by a Village called Domes. This is.a hand-. 
 fome. Village : and ’twas the firft of note that we; 
 faw. ftanding on the banks, ’Tis feated on the 
 Starboard fide going up, and fo nigh the River, 
 that the tide fometimes wafhes the walls of the 
 Houfes: forthe tide rifes and falls here 9 or ro 
 foot. This Village confifts of about. 100 Honfes,, 
 The Dutch Ships that trade here do always lye inj 
 
 . the River before. this Town;. and the Dutch Sea- 
 men, by their annual returns hither from Batavia, 
 are very intimate with the Natives, and as freg 
 here asat their own homes: for the Lonquinefe in 
 general are a very fociable people,. efpecially the 
 
 traders and poorer fort : but of this morein its _ 
 proper places: The Dutch have inftru@ed the Naz. 
 tives in the/art. of Gardening: by which means, 
 they. have abundance of Herbage for Sallading ; 
 which among other things is »a great refrefhment, 
 to the Dutch Sea-men, when they arrive here. 
 
 Tho the Dutch who come to trade in this King- 
 dom, go nohigher with their Ships than this Do-. 
 mea, yet the Englifhufually go about 3 mile farther. 
 up, and-there lye at anchor during their {tay in. 
 this Country.: We did fo at'this time, and pafling. 
 by Domea came to.an anchor-at that. diftance. The. 
 tide jis not fo ftrong here as at Domea; but we, 
 found:not one houfe near it: yet our Ships had not 
 lain there many days before the.Natives came, from 
 
 f - : : : sat ie gee ~ : all 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 They anchor and are vifited from Cachao, 43 
 all the Country about, and fell a building them 42,1638 
 Houfes after their fafhion;fo that in a months time —\~ 
 there was a_ little Town built near our anchoring 
 place. Thisis no unufual thing in other parts of 
 India,e{pecially where Ships lyelong at a place,the 
 poorer fort of Natives taking this opportunity to 
 truck and barter ; and by fome little offices, or 
 begging, but efpecially by bringing Women to let 
 to hire, they get what they can of the Seamen. 
 
 This place where our Ships rode at anchor was 
 not above 20 miles from the Sea: but the Trade 
 of the Kingdom is driven “at Cachao, the principal 
 City ; where for that reafon the Englifbh and Dutch 
 Eaft India Companies have each of them their 
 Faétors .conitantly refiding, The City was far- 
 ther up the River, about 80 miles from our An- 
 choring place ; and our Captains got themfelves in 
 a readinefs to go up thither; it being ufual to fend 
 up the goods in the Country Boats, which are large 
 and commodious enough ; and the hire is pretty 
 reafonable both for the Veffels, and the Men who 
 managethem. They are Tonquinefe, and ufe both 
 Oars and Sails. Our Factory at Cachao had news 
 of our arrival hefore we came to an anchor, and 
 immediately the chiefof the Factory, with fome 
 of the King of Tonquin’s Officers, came down to 
 us, by that time we had lain there about 4 or 5 
 days. The Toxquinefe Officers came to take an 
 account of the Ships and lading, and our Captains 
 receivedthem with great civility, firing of Guns, 
 feafting for 2 or 3 days, and prefents alfo at their 
 return back to Cachao. | 
 
 Soon after their departure, the chief of the 
 FaGory returnd thither again, and with him 
 went our three Captains,and fome others, among 
 whom I got leave to goalfo. Captain Weldon had 
 recommended me to the chief of the Factory, while 
 he was aboard us : and my going up now to the 
 
 | City, 
 

 
 | 14  Pleafant Profpe®. Leprous Beggars. Hean. 
 4.1688 City, was in order to have his affiftance in the 
 | “v~ Voyage to Cochinchina, Champa, or Cambodia, which | 
 Captain Weldon had contrived for me ; nor wasit | 
 his fault that ic came to nothing. 
 We went from our Ships in the Country Boats 
 we had hired, with the tide of flood, and an- 
 chored in the ebb: for the tide runs {trong for 30 
 or 40 miles, beyond the place where we left our 
 Ships. Our men contented themfelves with look- 
 ing after their goods (the Zonquinefe being very 
 light finger’d) and left the management of the 
 Boats entirely to the Boatscrew. Their Boats 
 have but one Maft; and when the wind is againft 
 them they take it down, and'ply their Oars. As 
 we advanced thus up the River, fometimes row- 
 ing fometimes failing, we had a delightful profpea& 
 over a large level fruitful Country. It was gene- 
 rally either Pafture or Rice-fields; and void of 
 Trees, except only about the Villages, which 
 ftood thick, and appeared mighty pleafant ata 
 diftance. There are many of thefe Villages 
 ftand clofe to the banks of the Rivers, incom- 
 paffed with Trees onthe back fide only, but open” 
 
 to the River. 
 
 When wecame near any of thefe Villages, we 
 were commonly encountered with Beggars, who 
 came off to us, in little Boats made of twigs, and’ 
 plaiftered over both infide and outfide with Clay, 
 but very leaky. Thefe were a poor Leprous peo- 
 ple, who for that reafon are compell’d by the reft 
 to live by themfelves, and are permittedto beg 
 publickly. Asfoon as they {pied us they fet up a 
 loud doleful cry, and as we paft by them 
 we threw them out fome Rice, which they re- 
 ceived with great appearance of joy. ge 
 
 In about 4 days time we get to Heanz, a Town 
 on the Eaft fide of the River ; which is here en- 
 tire ; for a little before we came to Hean, we oe | 
 the 
 
 
 
 
 
‘ : : é : § 
 Chinefe avd French Fa@ories at Hean. 15 
 the main ftream where it parts into the 2Channels, 47.1688 
 - that ofDomea,which we came up, and the other of ~>W™ 
 
 Rokbo: making fo a large and triangular Iland 
 between them and the Sea ; the mouths of 
 thefe Channels being, asI have faid, 20 leagues 
 -afunder. : 
 
 Hean is about 60 miles from the place where we 
 left our Ships, and about 80 from the Sea that 
 way: but along the River or Channel Rokdo, 
 where the Land trends more to the Soathward, it 
 feems to be farther diftant from the Sea. *Tis a 
 confiderable Town, of about 2000 Houfes: but 
 the Inhabitants are moft poor people and Souldi- 
 ers, who keep a Garrifon there ;_ tho it has nei- 
 ther Walls, Fort, nor great Guns, 
 
 Here is one {treet belonging to the Chinefe Mer- 
 chants. For fome years ago a great many lived 
 at Cachao; till they grew fo numerous, that the 
 Natives themfelves were even fwallowed up by 
 _ them. The King taking notice of it, ordered 
 them to remove from thence, allowing them to 
 _ live any where but in the City. But the major 
 part of them prefently forfook the Country,as not 
 finding it convenient for them to live any where 
 but at Cachao ; becaufethat is the only place of 
 Trade in the Country, and Tradeis the Life of a 
 Chinefe. However fome of them were content to 
 fettle atHean,where they have remained ever fince. 
 And thefe Merchanis, notwithftanding the prohi- 
 bition, go often to Cachao, to buy and fell goods ; 
 but are not fuffer’d to make it their conftant refi- 
 dence. ‘There were two of thefe China Merchants 
 who traded yearly to ‘fapan, with raw and wrought 
 Silks, bringing back Money, chiefly, Thefe all of 
 them wore long Hair braided behind, as their own 
 Country fafhion was before the Tartarian Conqueft. 
 The French too have their Fa@tory here, not 
 being allowed to fix at Cachao, and their pa 
 
 a- 
 

 
 The Author's arrival at Cachao: 
 
 An. 1688 ie is the faireft building in Hean: but of this 
 ~V~ I fhall have occafion to fpeak more hereafter. 
 
 
 
 The Governor:ofthe adjacent Province lives 
 here. Heis one ofthe principal Mandarins of the 
 Nation, and he has always a great many. Soul- 
 diers in the Town, and inferiour Officers, whom 
 he employs at his pleafure on any occafion. Be- 
 fides, here are alfo fome of the Kings. River Fri- 
 gots, which I fhall hereafter defcribe, ready to be 
 fent on any expedition: and tho no Enxropeans 
 come up fo far as this with their Ships, (that I 
 could learn) yet the Siamites and Chinee bring 
 their Ships up the River Rokbo, quite to Hean, and 
 lie at anchor before it: and we found there feve- 
 ral Chinefe Jonks: ‘They ride afloat in the middle 
 of the River; for the water does not rife and fall 
 tuch at this place :. Neither is the flood difcerned 
 by the turning of the ftream; for that always 
 runs down, tho not fo fwift near full Sea as at — 
 other times: for the tide prefling againft the 
 ftream, tho faintly fo far.up the River, has not 
 power toturnit, but only flackens its courfe, and — 
 makes the water rife a little. ; i en 
 
 The Governor orhis, Deputy gives hisGhop or — 
 Pafs to all Veflels that go up. or down :. not fo 
 much as a Boat being fuffered to proceed: without 
 it. For which reafon we alfo made a ftop::. yet 
 we ftayed here but alittle while; and therefore E _ 
 did notnow go afhore; but had a while after this © 
 a better opportunity offeeing Hean, .,. - os 
 
 From Hean we went up to Cachao in our Boats, 
 being about 2 days more on our Voyage, for we 
 had no tide to help us. We landed at the Englifh 
 Factory, andI ftayed there 7 or 8 days, before I~ 
 ‘went down to our Ships again in one of the Coun- 
 try Boats. We had good weather coming up: — 
 but it rain’d all the time ofthis my firft ftay at Ca- 
 chao; and we had nmauch wet weather after this, 
 
 
 
 But 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~ 1 iy & 
 
 Se Diamond ~ 
 $e Print 
 
 ? a 
 
 annel it 
 
 4 : ms 
 SE Longibacoas — 
 
 as 
 
 
 
 / Surrat Char 
 
 _ Sinkull 
 
 MW 4 
 
 P Bomack e/ gs 
 e a 
 
 
 
 so —— 
 
 of the Streights of 
 
 MALACCA.) 
 
 ees IO 2d 
 
 Engtyfh Leagues 20 inaDegre 
 
 See 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
~~ Ceo ee —~? 
 
 - 
 
 Obfervations about the fate of Tonquin = 17 
 But having got thus far I fhall now procéed Av,1688 
 to give fome general account of this Coun-~~wJ 
 try; from my own obfervations, and the ex- 
 perience of Merchants and others worthy of 
 _ €redit, who have had their Refidence there, and 
 ome of them a great may years, 
 
 
 

 
 18 
 
 An1688 
 md 
 
 
 
 The Situation of the Kingdom of Tonquin. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. IL. 
 
 Tonquin, its Situation, Soil, Waters, and 
 Provinces. Its natural Produce, Roots, Herbs, | 
 Fruits, and Trees. The Camechain and | 
 Cam-quit Oranges. Their Limes, &c. 
 Their Betle and Lichea Fruit. The Pone-tree, | 
 Lack-trees, Mulberry-trees, and Rice, Their | 
 land Animals, Fowl tame and wild 3 Nets | 
 for wild Ducks, Locufts, Fifh, Balachaun, 
 Nuke mum-Pickle,Soy,and manner of Fifhing, 
 The Market, Provifions, Food and Cookery, 
 
 _ Their Chau or Tea. The Temperature of theip 
 Air and Weather throughout theYear. Of the 
 great Heats wear the Tropicks. Ofthe yearly 
 Land Floods here, and elfewhere inthe Tor- 
 rid Zone, and of the overflowing of the 
 Nile iz Egypt. Of Storms called Tuffoons ¢ 
 and of the influence the Rains have on the 
 Harveft at Tonquin, Cul elfewhere in the 
 Lorrid Lone. 
 
 Fe E Kingdom of Tonquin is bounded to the 
 North and North Eaft with China, to the 
 Weft with the Kingdom of Laos, to theS: and 
 E. with Cochinchina and the Sea, which wafhes a 
 part ofthis Kingdom. As to the particular bounds 
 Or extent of it, I cannot be a competent judge, 
 coming to it by Sea, and going up direatly to 
 Cathao: but itis reafonable to believe it to bea 
 pretty large Kingdom, by the many great Pro- 
 Vinces which arefaid to bé contained in it: That 
 part of the Kingdom that borders on the Sea, is all 
 
 very 
 
dts make, Soil, and Waters. 19 
 verylow Land: neither is there any Hillto be feen, 41.1688 
 . but the Elephant Mountain, and a Ridgeof a much ~~~ 
  Tefs heighth, continued from thence tothe mouth of 
 the River of Domea. The Land for about 60 miles 
 up in the Country is ftill verylow, even and plain: 
 nor is it much higher, for about 40 miles farther 
 quite to Cachao, and beyond it; being without 
 any fenfible Hill, tho generally of a tolerable good 
 heighth, and with fome gentle rifings here and 
 there, that make it a fine pleafant Champian ; and 
 the further fide of this alfo is more Jevel than the 
 Champian Country it felf about Hean or Cachao. 
 Farther {till to the North, beyond all this, Ihave 
 been inform’d that there is a chain of high Moun- 
 tains, running crofs the Country from Eaft to 
 Weft ; but I could get no intimation of what is 
 beyond them. la | 
 _ The Soil of this Country is generally very rich : 
 _ That very low Land I {peak oftowards the Sea, is 
 moftblack Earth, and the mould pretty deep. In 
 fonie places there’s very ftrongClay.TheChampian 
 Land is generally yellowith or greyith earth , ofa 
 loofer and mote friable fubftance then the former : 
 yet in fome places it has a touch of theClay too. In 
 the plain Country, near the Mountains laft men- 
 tioned, there ate faid to be fome high fteep rocks 
 of Marble fcattered up and down at unequal di. 
 {tances , which ftanding in that large plain Savan- 
 nah, appear like fo many great Towersor Caftles : 
 and they are the more vifible, becaufe the Land 
 about them is not burdened with Wood, as in 
 fome places in its neighbourhood. 
 , Thave faid fomewhat already of the great River, 
 and its 2 branches Rokbo and Domea, wherewith 
 this Country is chiefly water’d: tho it is not difti- 
 tute of many other pleafant ftreatus, that are loft 
 in thefe, in their courfe towards the Sea: and 
 probably there are many others, that run imme- 
 G2 diately 
 
20 The Provinces of ‘Tonquin. 
 
 4.1688 diately into the Sea, through their own channels, 
 “vw tho not fo navigable as the other. The Country in 
 general is very well watered ; and by means of the 
 great Navigable River and its Branches, it has the 
 opportunity of Foreign Trade. This rifes about the 
 Mountains inthe North, or from beyond them ; 
 whénce running Southerly toward the Sea, it paffes 
 thro the before-mention’d plain of Marble Rocks, 
 and by that time it comes to Cachao, which is about 
 40 Or 50 miles to the South of the Moun- 
 tains, ‘tis about as broad as the Thames at Lambeth : 
 vet fo fhallow in the dry Seafon, as that ic may 
 ~ be forded on Horfeback. At Hean 20 miles lower, 
 ‘cis rather broader than the Thames at Gravefend ; 
 and fo below Heaz to the place where it divides it 
 
 felf. 
 
 The Kingdom of Tonquin is {aid to be divided . 
 into 8 largeProvinces,viz. theEa? andWefProvinces, 
 the North and South Provinces, andthe Province of 
 Cachao in the middie between thofe 4: which 5 I 
 take to be the principal Provinces, making the 
 heart of the Country. The other 3, which are 
 Tenan, Tenehoa, and Ngeam, lie more upon the Bor- 
 ders. | 
 
 The Province of Tenan is the moft Eafterly, ha= 
 
 | ving China on the S.E., thelIfland Aynamand the 
 . Sea on theS:and.S: W., and the Ea Province on 
 the N. W. This is bute afmall Province :its chiefeft 
 
 product s Rice. : 
 The Eaj? Province ftretches away from Tesan to 
 the North Province, having alfo.Chine on its Eaft 
 fide, part of the South Province, and the Province 
 of Cachao on the Weft ; and the Sea on the Sonth. 
 Thisisa very large Province ; ’tis chiefly low Land, | 
 and much of it Iflands,efpecially the S.E. part of it, | 
 bordering onthe Sea towards Tenan ; and here the » 
 Sea makes the Cod of a Bay. It has abundance | 
 of Fifhermen inhabiting near the Sea: but its chief 
 pro- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Provinces of Tonquin. yO 
 produce is Rice: here is alfo good pafturage, and 4n.1688 
 much Cattle,@c. Hean is the chief place of this Pro “~~ 
 vince, and the Seat of the Mandarin its Gover- 
 nor. 
 
 The S. Province is the triangular Ifland,made by 
 Sea: the River of Domea is on it’s E. fide, dividing it 
 from the Ea Province, and Rokbo on the Welt, di- 
 viding it from Zeman ; having the Sea to its South. 
 
 This Province is very low plain even Land, pro- 
 ducing Rice in great abundance : here are large — 
 paftures, and abundance of Fifhermen near the 
 Dea. 
 
 Tenehboa to the Weft of Rokbo,has theWeftProvince 
 on its North, ynam on its Weft, and the Sea on 
 its South : this Province is alfolow Land, chiefly 
 abounds in Rice and Cattle; and hath a great 
 Trade in Fifhing, as all the Sea Coaft has in gene- 
 ral. . 
 
 The Province of Ngeam, hath Teneboeg on the 
 Eaft,.and‘on theSouth and Weft it borders on Co- 
 chinchina, and has the Weff Province on its North. 
 
 This is a pretty large Province, abounding with 
 
 Rice and Cattle: and here are always Soldiers 
 
 a to guard the Frontiers from the Cochinchi- 
 
 BEES, j 
 The Wef Provinces hath Ngeam on the South, 
 the Kingdom of Laos onthe Welt, the Province 
 
 of Cachao on the Eaft, and onthe North the North. 
 Province. This is a large Province, and good 
 Champion Land: rich in Soyl, partly woody,. 
 partly pafture. The product of this Province is 
 
 chiefly in Lack ; and here are bred a great abun- 
 
 dance of Silkworms for making Silk. 
 
 _ The North Province is a largetraé& of Land, ma- 
 
 king the North fide of this whole Kingdom. Ir 
 
 hath the Kingdom of Laos on the Welt, and Chin; 
 
 on the Eaftand North, the Kingdom ot Bao a; 
 
 Bactan onthe North Weft, and on the South in, 
 ei . Verne Mite: 0% 4 C 3 TER ite Mae Soe ber- 
 
 9 
 

 
 22 
 
 Herbage, Wild Purflain, &ce 
 
 4.1688 ders on 3 of the principal Provinces of Tenquin, viz, 
 ~V~ the We? Province, that of Cachao’, and the Eaf Pro- 
 
 ; 
 
 Vince. This North Province, asit is large , fo it has 
 variety of Land and Soyl ; a great deal of plain 
 Champion Land, and many high Mountains which 
 
 . yield Gold, &c. the wild Elephants of this Coun- 
 
 try are found moft on thefe Mountains, The 
 other parts of this Province produce Lack and Silk, 
 Pcs : 
 The Province of Cachao, in the heart of the 
 Kingdom , lies between the Eaf, Weft, North, 
 and SouthProvinces: ’tisa Champion pleafant Coun: 
 try : theSoil is yellow or grey earth: and ’tis pretty 
 woody, with fome Savannahs. It abounds withthe: 
 two principal Commodities of their Trade, viz, 
 Lack andSilk,and has fomeRice: Nor are any of the 
 Provinces deftitute of thefe Commodities, tho in 
 different proportions, each according to the re: 
 ipective Soil. Se : 3 
 This Country has ofits own growth all neceffa- 
 ries for the Life of Man. They have little occa- 
 fion for eatable Roots,having fuch plenty of Rice; 
 yet they have Yams and Potatoes for variety ; 
 which would thrive here as well as any where, - 
 were the Natives induftrious to propagate them. 
 The Land is every where cloath’d with herbage 
 
 ofonekind or other, but the dry Land has the 
 
 fame Fate that moft dry Lands have between the 
 Zropicks , to be over-run with Purflain; which 
 growing wild, and being pernicious to other ten- 
 der Herbs and Plants, they are at the pains to weed, 
 it out of their Fields and Gardens, tho tis very 
 {weet, and makesa good Sallad fora hot Coun- 
 try. fe a ee : 
 
 here isa fort of Herb very common in this 
 Country, which grows wildin ftagnant Ponds, and 
 floats on the furface ofthe water. © It has a narrow, 
 long, green thick leaf. It is’ much efteemed. 
 
Fruits. Cam-chain avdCam-quit Oranges, &c. 23 
 and eaten by the Natives, who commend it for a.4n.1688 _ 
 very wholefom herb, and fay that ‘tis good to ex- “YJ 
 pel poyfon. This Country producesmany other 
 forts of wild herbs; and their gardens alfo are 
 well furnifh’d with pleafant and wholfome ones, 
 efpecially many Onions, of which here are great 
 plenty. 
 
 Plantains and Bonanoes grow and thrive hereas, 
 wellas any where, but they are ufed here only as 
 Fruit, and not for Bread, asin many places of Ame- 
 rica. Befides thefe here are divers forts of excellent 
 fruits, both Ground fruit and Tree fruit. The 
 ground Fruits are Pumpkins, Melons, Pine-apples, 
 ec. the Tree Fruits are Mangoes a few, Oranges, 
 Limes, Coco-nuts, Guava’s, Mulberry’s , their 
 much efteem’d Betle, a Fruit call’d Lichea, oc, 
 The Orangesare of divers forts, and two of them 
 more excellent than the reft. One fort is called 
 Cam-chain, the other is called Camquit. Cam, in the 
 Tonquinefe Language fignifiesan Orange, but what 
 the diftinguifhing words Cam and Quit fignifie E 
 
 know not. 
 ~The Cam-chain is a large Orange, of a yellowifh 
 colour: the rind is pretty thick and rough ;_ and: 
 the infide is yellow like Amber. It has a moft fra- 
 
 rant fmell, and the tafte is very delicious, This 
 tn of Orange is the beft that I did ever tafte; I 
 believe there are not better in the world: A man 
 may eatfreely of them. ; for they are fo.innocent, 
 that they are not denied to fuch as have Fevers, 
 and other fick people. 
 
 The Cam quit isa very {mall round: Fruit, not. 
 above half fo big asthe former. It is of a deep. 
 red dolour, and the rind is very {mooth and thin. 
 The infide alfois very red; the tafte is not inferi-. 
 our to the Camechain, but it is accounted very un-. 
 wholefom fruit, efpecially to fuch as are fubje& 
 to fluxes ; for it both creates and heightens that 
 
 We 
 

 
 24 Limes, Betle, Lichea, Pone-tree, Lack-iree. 
 42.1688 diftemper. Thefe 2 forts are very plentiful and 
 ww cheap, and they are in féafon from O@ober till Fe- 
 
 * braary, but then the Cam-chain becomes redder; and 
 the rindis alfothinner. Theother forts of Oranges 
 are not much efteemed. i 
 The Limes of Tonquin are the largeft I ever 
 faw. They are commonly as big as an ordinary 
 Limon, but rounder. The rind is of a pale yellow 
 colour when ripe; very thin and {mooth. “They 
 are extraordinary juicy, but not near fo harp, or 
 tart in tafte as the W<ft Indian Limes. 
 _ Coco-nuts and Guava’s do thrive here very well : 
 but there are not many of the latter. . 
 * The Betle of Toxgquin is faid to be the beft in India, 
 there is great plenty ofit ; and ’tis moft efteemed 
 when it isyoung, green, and tender; for ’tis'then — 
 very juicy. At Mindanao alfo they like it beft ‘green: 
 but in other places of the Ea/-Indies it iscommonly 
 chew’d when it is hard and dry. | 
 The Lichea is another delicate fruit. ’*Tis as bi 
 as a {mall Pear, fomewhat long fhaped,of a reddifh | 
 colour, the rind pretty thick and rough, the infide 
 white, inclofing a large black kernel, in fhape like 
 eee ee se shar y, BE 
 The Country is in fome' part woody ; but the 
 low Land in general iseither graffy pafture, or 
 Rice Fields, only thick fer with {mall Groves, 
 which ftand {cattering very pleafantly, all over the 
 | low-Country. The Trees inthe Groves are of 
 ~ divers forts, and moft unknown tous. There is good 
 Timber, for building either Ships or Houfes, and 
 | indifferent good Mafts may here be had. 3 
 * There is a Tree called bythe Natives Pone, chiefly 
 ufed for making Cabinets, or other wares to be 
 lackered. Thisis a foft fort of wood, not much 
 unlike Fir, bue not fo ferviceable. “Another Tree 
 grows in this Country that yields the Lack ; with 
 which Cabinets and other fine things ‘are a Seo 
 ? ele 
 
 AE 
 
 
 
x ae a te elite 
 
 Mulberry-trees, Rice. The Animals. 25 
 
 Thefe grow plentifully in fome places efpecially in Ax.1688 
 the Champion Lands.Here are alfo Mulberry Trees wry 
 in great plenty, to feed the Silk worms, from 
 whence comes the chief Trade inthe Country. 
 The Leaves of the old Trees are not fo nourifhing 
 tothe Silk-worms, as thofe of the young Trees, 
 and therefore they raife crops of young ones every 
 year, to feed the Worms: for when the feafon is 
 over, the young Trees are pluckt up by the roots, 
 and more planted againft the next year; fo the 
 ‘Natives fuffer none of thefe Trees to grow to bear 
 Fruit. I heard of no Mulberries kept for eating, bug 
 ~fome few raifed by our Englifhb Merchants at Hearn, 
 and thefe bear but {mall hungry Fruit. 
 
 Here is good plenty of Rice, efpecially in the. 
 low Land, that is farned by the overflowing Ri- 
 vers. They havetwo crops every year, with great 
 increafe, if they have feafonable Rains and Floods, 
 One crop is in Aday, and the other in November ; 
 and tho'the low Land is fometimes overflown with 
 water in the time of Harveft, yet they matter it 
 not, but gather the crop and fetch it home wet in 
 their Canoas ; and making the Rice faft in {mall 
 bundles, hang it up in their Houfes to dry. This 
 ferves them for Bread-corn ; and as the Country is 
 very kindly for it , fo their Inhabitants live chiefly 
 of it. 
 
 - Of Land Animals in this Country there arg 
 Elephants, Horfes, Buffaloes, Bullocks, Goats, 
 Deer, a few Sheep for their King, Hogs, Dogs, 
 Cats, Lizards, Snakes, Scorpions, Centapees, 
 Toads, Frogs, &c. The Country is fo very popn- 
 lous, that they have but few Deer or wild Game 
 for Hunting, unlefs ic be in the remoter parts of 
 the Kingdom. But they have abundance of Fowls 
 both tame and wild. ‘The tame Fowls are Cocks 
 and Hens, and Ducks alfo in great plenty, of the 
 fame fort with ours. The Inhabitants have ies 
 
 | Ble ee Honk 5 
 

 
 Fowl. Nets for WildeDucks. Lacufts. 
 
 ‘ 1688 Houfes made purpofely for the Ducks to lay their. | 
 
 Fges in, driving them in every night in laying time, } 
 and letting them out again in the morning. There } 
 are alfo fome Geefe , Parrots, Partridges, Para- } 
 kites, Turtle Doves, @c, with many forts of {mal- 
 ler Birds. Of wild Water-fowls they have Ducks, | 
 Widgeens, Teals, Herons, Pelicans, and Crab- } 
 cat¢hers, (which I fhall defcribe in the Bay of | 
 Campeachy) and other {maller Water-fowls. The 
 Dog Widgeon, and Teal areinnumerable: they 
 breed here in the months of May, Fune, and Fuly ; 
 then they fly only in couples: but from Oéober to 
 March you will fee over all the low watry Lands 
 great Companies together: and I have no where 
 feen fuch large flights, nor fuch plenty of Game. 
 ‘They are very fhy fince the Englih and Duich fettled 
 here ; for now the Natives as well as they thoot 
 them : but before their arrival the Tongquinefe took — 
 chem only with Nets: neither is this cuftom left 
 off yet. TheNet that is usd for this Game is 
 madefquare, and either bigger cr lefs according 
 as they have occafion. They fix two Poles about 
 toorri foot high, upright in the ground, near 
 the Pond, where the Ducks haunt; andthe Net. 
 has a head-cord, which is ftretched out - ftreight, 
 made from the top of one Pole tothe other ; from. 
 whence the lower part of the Net hangs down 
 loofe towards the ground ; and whenin the even- 
 ing they fly towards the Pond, many of them ftrike. 
 againft the Net, and are there entangled. — 
 ~ There is a kind of Locuft in Tonquin, in great 
 abundance. This Creature is about the bignefs. 
 of the top of a mans Finger, and as long as the firft 
 joynt. It breeds in the earth, efpecially in the 
 banks of Rivers and Ditchesin ‘the low Country. 
 Inthe months of Fanuary and. February, which 13° 
 thefeafon of taking them, being then only feen,’ 
 this creature firft comes out-of the Earth in huge. 
 eer eG we aceon ere fwarmse 
 
Catching of Locufts, Erogs and Fifh. oy 
 
 fwarms. It is then of a whitifh colour, and having Ay.1688 
 2 {mall wings, like the wings of a Bee, at its firff -w~. 
 ‘coming out of the Earth it takes its flight ; but for : 
 want of ftrength or ufe falls down again in a fhore 
 time. Such as ftrive to fly over the River, docom. 
 monly fall down into the water, and are drowned, 
 or become a prey to theFifh of theRiver,or are car- 
 ried out into the Sea to be devoured there: but the 
 Natives in thefe months watch the Rivers, and 
 take up thence multitudes, skimming them from 
 off the Water with little Nets. They eat them 
 frefh, broiled on the Coals ; or pickle them to 
 ‘Keep. They are plump and fat, and, are much 
 
 > 
 
 éfteemed both by rich and poor,as good wholefome 
 food, either frefh or pickled. | 
 
 * The Rivers and Ponds are ftored with divers 
 forts of excellent Fifh, befides abundance of Frogs, 
 which they Angle for, being highly efteemed by 
 the Tonquinefe. ‘The Sea too contributes much to- 
 wards the fupport of the poor People, by yielding 
 plentiful ftores of Fifh, that {warm on this Coaft 
 in their feafons, and which are commonly | pre- 
 ferr’d before the River Fith. Of thefe here are. 
 divers forts, befides Sea Turtle, which frequently: 
 come afhore an the Saridy Bays, in their feitoen: 
 to lay their Eggs. » Here are alfo both Land crabs. 
 and Sea-crabs good ftore, and other Shell-fifh, viz. - 
 Craw-fifh, Shrimps, and Prawns. Hereis one. 
 fort of {mall Fifh much like an Anchovy, both in. 
 thape and fize, which is very good pickled. There. 
 are other forts of {mall Fish, which I know not. 
 the names of, One fort of them comes in great 
 fhoals near the fhore, and thefe the Fithermen - 
 with their Nets take fo plentifully as to load their 
 Boats with them. Among thefe they generally 
 Make a great many Shrimps in their nets , 
 which they carry afhore mixt together as they take. 
 them, and make Balachaun with them, =: 
 ss BE SURE MESTNG NRL eth Bala: 
 
a eee eee 
 
 28 
 
 An.1688  Balachaun is a compofition of a ftrong favor ; 
 
 SEyrw 
 
 
 
 Balachaun, Nuke-mum, Soy. _ 
 
 yet a very delightfom difh to the Natives of this 
 Country. To make it, they throw the Mixture of 
 Shrimps and {mall Fifh into a fort of weak pickle 
 made with Salt and Water, and; put into a tight 
 earthen Veffel or Jar. The Pickle being chus 
 weak, it keeps not the Fifh firm and hard, neither | 
 is it probably fo defigned, for the Fifh are never 
 gutted. Therefore ina fhort time they curn all | 
 to a mafhin the Veffel ; and when they have lain” 
 thus a good while, fo that the Fifh is reduced to a 
 pap, theythen draw off the? liquor into frefh 
 Jats, and preferve it for ufe. The mafht Fith that | 
 remains behind is called Balachawn, and the liquor — 
 pour'd off is call’d Nuke-Afum. The poor people © 
 eat the Balachawn with their Rice. “Tis rank” 
 {cented,yet the tafte is not altogether unpleafant ; 
 but rather favory, after oneis a little ufed to it, | 
 The Nuke-Mum is of a pale brown colour, inclining- 
 to grey ; and pretty clear. It.is alfo very favory, | 
 and. ufed as a good fauce for Fowls, not only by | 
 the Natives, but alfo by many Eurcpeans, whoefteem © 
 it equal with Soy. . 1 have been told, that Soy is) 
 made partly with a Fifhy compofition, and it feems_ 
 moft likely by the tafte : tho aGentleman of my ac- | 
 quaintance, who was very intimate with one that” 
 failed often from Tonquin to Fapan, from whence) 
 the true Soy comes , told me, that it was made) 
 only with, Wheat, and afort of Beans mixt with 
 Water and Salt. j 
 
 Their way of Filhing differs little from ours ¢) 
 in the Rivers, they take fome of their Fifh with) 
 Tiook and Line, others with Nets of feveral forts. 
 At the mouths of the Rivers, they fet nets againit] 
 the Streamor Tide. Thefe have two long wings) 
 opening on each fide the mouth of the Net, to 
 guide the Fifh into it ; where pafling through al 
 narrow neck, they are caught in a bag at the far.) 
 ther end. ‘s Sy ee Wheres 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Tonquinefe waiuer of Fifhing. 29 
 
 Where the Rivers mouth is fo wide, that the 42.1688 
 
 wings of the Net will not reach from fide to fide, ~~~. 
 as at Batfha particularly it will not, there they fup- 
 ply that defect, with long flender Canes, which 
 _ they ftick upright near one anotherin arow : for 
 on both fides of the River, when the tide runs 
 {trong (which is the time that the Fifh are mov- 
 ing) the limber Canes make fuch a ratling, by 
 ftriking againft each other, that thereby the Fith 
 are {cared from thence towards the Mouth of the 
 Net, in the middle of the Stream. Farther upthe 
 River, they have Netsmade fquare like a great 
 fheet. This fort hath two long Poles laid acrofs 
 each other. At this crofling of the Poles a long 
 Rope is faftned; and the Net hangs down in a 
 _ bag by its corners from them. To manage it there 
 isa fubftantial poft, fet upright and firm in ithe Ri- 
 ver; and the top of it may be 8or ro foot above 
 _ thewater. On the top of this poft there isa Mortice 
 made, to receive a long pole; that lies athwart like 
 the Beam ofa Ballance: to the heavier end of 
 which they tie the Rope, which holds the Net; 
 _ and to theother end another Rope to pull up the 
 Net on occafion. The Fifhermen fink it with 
 
 “en > 
 
 they take what they pleafe with {mall Nets, faftned 
 toa hoop, attheend ofapole; 
 
 For 
 
$6 ‘Their Markets, Proviftons, and Cookery. | 
 44.1688 For all thefe forts of provifion there are Markets 
 Sv~ duly kept all over Tonquin, one in a week, ina 
 neighbourhood of 4 or 5 Villages; and held at each | 
 of them fucceffively in its order: fo that the fame 
 Village has not the Market return’d to it till 4. or 5 
 weeks after. Thefe Markets are abundantly more | 
 ftor’'d with Rice (jas being their chief fubfiftence, | 
 efpecialiy of the poorer fort) than either with Flefh | 
 _ or Fith, yet wants there not for Pork, and young 
 Pigs good ftore, Ducks and Hens, plenty of Eggs, 
 Fith great and {mall, frefh and falted Balachaun and | 
 Nuke-Mum , with all forts of Roots, Herbs, and — 
 /Fruits, even in thefe Country Markets. But at — 
 Cachao, where there are markets kept every day, 
 they have befides thefe, Beef of Bullocks, Buffa- 
 loes Flefh, Goats Flefh, Horfe Flefh, Cats and 
 Dogs, (as I have been told) and Locufts, 7 
 They drefs their food very cleanly, and make it 
 favory: for which they have fevéral ways un- 
 known in Exrope, but they have many forts of 
 difhes, that wou’d turn the Stomach of a ftranger, 
 which yet they themfelves like very well; as par- 
 ticularly, a difh of raw Pork, whichis very cheap 
 andcommon. ‘This is only Pork cut and minced 
 very fmall, fat and lean together ; which being 
 afterwardsmade up in balls, on rollslike Saufages, 
 and preft very hard together, is then neatly wrapt 
 up in clean leaves, and withoutmore ado, ferved 
 upto the Table. Raw Beef is another difh, much 
 elteemed at Cachao, When they kill a Bullock they 
 finge the hair off with Fire, as we finge Bacon 
 “Hogs in Eagland. Then they open it; and while 
 the Plefh is yet hot, they cut good Collops from off 
 the lean parts, and put them into very tart Vine-, 
 gar; where it remains 3 or 4 hours or longer, till 
 itis fufficiently foaked, and then, without more 
 trouble; they take it out, and eat it with great 
 delight. As for Horfeéflefh; I know not yer 
 they 
 
 
 
Florfe and Elephants, Flefh, Dogs and Cats, &c. 3% 
 they kill any purpofely for the Shambles ; or whe- 42.1688 
 ther they only do it when they are not wr 
 likely to live; as I have feen them do their 
 working Bullocks at Galicia in Old Spain ; where 
 the Cattel falling down with labour, and being fo 
 .. and tired, that they cannot rife, they are 
 aughtered,and fent to market, and I think I never 
 eat worfe Beef than at the Grows. The Horfefleth 
 Comes toMarket at Cachao very frequently, and is as 
 much efteemed as Beef. Elephants they eat alfo ; 
 and theTrunk of this Beaft is an acceptable prefent 
 fora Nobleman, and that too tho the beaft dyes 
 with Age or Sicknefs. For here are but few wild 
 Elephants, and thofe fo thy, that they are not 
 eafily taken. But the King having a great number 
 of tame Elephants, when one of thefe. dyes, ’tis 
 iven to the poor, who prefently fetch away the 
 lefh ; butthe Trunk is cutin pieces, and prefented 
 to the Mandarins. Dogs and Cats are-killed pur- 
 pofely for the Shambles, and their Flefh is much 
 efteemed, by people of the beft fafhion, as I have 
 been credibly informed.Great yellowFrogs alfo are 
 much admired : efpecially when they come frefh 
 out of the Pond. They have many other fuch 
 choice difhes : and in all the Villages, at any time 
 of the day, and beit market day or not, there are 
 feveral to be fold by poor people,who makeit their 
 Trade. The moft common forts of Cookeries, 
 hext to boil’d Rice, is to drefs little bits of Pork; 
 {pitted 5 or 6 of them at once, on a {mall skiver, 
 and roafted. In the Markets alfo, and daily in every 
 Village, there are Women fitting in the Streets, 
 witha Pipkin over a {mall Fire, full of Chau, as 
 they call it, a fore of very ordinary Tea, of a 
 reddifh brown colour, and ’tis their ordinary drink. 
 The Kingdom of Tonquin isin general healthy 
 } enough, efpecially in the dry feafon, when allo 
 itis very delightfom: For the feafons of the year 
 : at 
 
 / 
 
 
 
SPAN: Pr te: Sage eS RUN PT ee TL a a es eee ae 1 
 =i v ick , ’ 
 ‘ 
 
 52 _  Lbe Author's arrival at Cachao. 
 “An.r688 at Tonquin, and all the Countries between the Zro- © 
 wy~ picks, are diftinguifhed into Wet and Dry, as pro- 
 perly as others are into Winter and Summer: But 
 
 as the alteration from, Winter to Summer, and . 
 
 wice verfa is not made of a fudden , but with the ~ 
 interchangeable Weather of Spring and Autumn ; © 
 
 {o alfo toward the end of the dry feafon, there are | 
 
 fome gentle fhowers now and then, that precede | 
 
 the violent wet months;and again toward the end of © 
 
 thefe feveral fair days that introduce the dry time. — 
 
 Thefe feafons are generally much alike at the fame | 
 
 time of the year in all places of the Torrid Zone,on 
 
 the fame fide of the Equator: but for 2 or 3 degrees © 
 
 on each fide of it, the weather is more mixt and — 
 uncertain,(tho inclining to the wet extreme) and 
 
 is often contrary to that which is then fettled 
 
 on the fame fide cf the Equator more toward the 
 Tropick. Sothat even when the wet Seafon is fet | 
 
 in, in the Northern parts of the Torrid Zone, it © 
 
 may yet bedry weather for 2 or 3 degrees North © 
 
 of the Line : and the fame may be faid of thecon- 
 
 trary Latitudes and Seafons. This I fpeak — 
 
 with refpect to the drinefs or moifture of Countries — 
 
 inthe Torrid Zone: butitmay alfo hold good of - 
 
 their Hear or Cold, generally: for as to all thefe — 
 qualities there isa further. difference arifes from the © 
 make or fituation of the Land, or other acci- ~ 
 dental caufes; befides what depends on the re- | 
 fpective latitude or regard tothe Sun. Thus the — 
 Bay of Campeachy inthe Weft Indies, and that of Ben 
 gabinthe Ea?, in much the fame latitude, are ex- | 
 ceeding hot and moift; and whether their fitua- © 
 tion, being very low Countries, and. the fcarcity. } 
 and faintnefs of the Sea-breezes, asin moft Bays, | 
 | 
 
 H 
 
 cat tl tt 
 
 ovietaia 
 
 may not contribute hereunto, I leave others te 7 
 judge. Yet evenas to the Latitudes of thefe places, © 
 lying near the Tropicks, they are generally upon | 
 thataccount alone more inclined to great Heats, 7 
 
 ’ thang 
 
 
 
Greater heat near the Trop. thaz the Line. 33 
 than places near the Equator. This is what 147.1688 
 have experienc’d in many places in fuch Latitudes —w~ 
 both in the Eaf and Weft Indies, that the hotteft 
 parts of the World are thefe near the Tropicks; 
 efpecially 3 or 4 Degrees within them ; fenfibly 
 hotter than under the Line itfelf. Many reafons 
 may be affign’d for this, befide the accidental 
 ones from. the make of the particular Countries, 
 “Tropical Winds, or the like. For the longeft day 
 at the Equator never exceeds 12 hours, and the 
 
 night is always of the fame length: But near the 
 ‘Tropicks the longeft day is about 13 hours and an 
 half ; and an hour and an half being aifo taken 
 from the night, what with the length of the day; 
 -and the fhortnefs of the night, there is adifference 
 
 of three hours ; which is very coufiderable. Be- 
 
 ‘fides which, at fuch places as are about 3 degrees 
 within the Tropicks, or in the Lat. of 20 Deg. N., 
 
 ‘the Sun comes within 2 or 3 degrees of the Ze- 
 
 ‘nith in the beginning of May; and having paft 
 
 ‘the Zenith, goes not above 2 or 3 degrees beyond 
 
 it, before it returns and pafleth the Zenith once 
 ‘more; and by this means is at leaft 3 months 
 within 4 degrees of the Zenith: fo that they have 
 
 the Sunin a manner over their heads from the be- 
 ‘ginning of May, till the latter end of Fuly.. Where- 
 
 Yas when the Sun comes under the Line, in March 
 
 ‘or September , it immediately pofts away to the 
 North or the South, and is not 20 days in pafling 
 
 from 3 degrees on one fide, to 3 degrees on the 
 Other fide the Line. So that by his f{mall, ftay 
 ‘there, the heat cannot be anfwerable to what it is 
 ‘t ear the Tropick, where he fo long continuesina 
 Manner Vertical at Noon, and is fo much longer 
 above the Horizon each paaticular day, with the 
 ‘intervening of a fhorter night. | | 
 | But to return to Tonquin, During the wet 
 
 months there ‘tis exceflive hot, efpzcially when- 
 2 D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ever 
 

 
 34 The caufe of the cverflow of Nile. 
 -An.1688 ever the Sun breaks out of the Clouds, and there 
 “vy is then but little Wind ftirring: And I have been 
 | told by a.Gentleman who liv’d there many years, _ 
 
 - that he thought it was the hotteft place that ever 
 he was in, tho he had been in many other parts 
 of India. And as tothe Rains, it has not the leaft 
 fhare of them, tho neither altogether the greateft 
 of what I have met with inthe Torrid Zone; and 
 evenin the fame Latitude, and on the fame fide of 
 the Equator. ‘The wet feafon begins here the lat- 
 ter end of April; or the beginning of May; and 
 holds till the latter end of Auga/: in which time 
 are very violent Rains, fome of many hours, others 
 of 2 or 3 days continuauce: Yet are not thefe 
 Rains without fome confiderable intervals of fair 
 weather, efpecially toward the beginning or end 
 of the feafon. | 
 
 By thefe Rains are causd thofe Land-floods, 
 which never fail in thefe Countries between the 
 Tropicks at their annual periods; all the Rivers 
 then overflowing their Banks. This isa ae fo 
 well known to all who are any way acquainted 
 with the Torrid Zone, that the caufe of the over- 
 flowing of the Nile, to find out which the Ancients 
 fet their wits fo much upon the rack, and fancied 
 melting of Snows, and blowing of Ezefiz, and I 
 Know not what, isnow no longera fecret. For 
 thefe floods muft needs difcharge themfelves upon 
 fuch low Lands as lie in their way; as the Land of 
 Egypt does with refpecat to the Nile, cominga great 
 way from within the Torrid Zone, ‘and falling 
 down from the higher Ethiopia. And any one who 
 will be at the pains to compare the time of the 
 Land flood in Egypt, with that of the Torrid Zone 
 in any.of the parts of icalong whichthe Nile runs, 
 will find that of Egypt fo much later than the other, 
 as ‘twill be thought reafcnable to allow for the 
 daily progrefs of the Waters along fo vaft a tract 
 
 9g 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Floods in the Torrid Zones. 35 
 
 _ of Ground. They might have made the fame 4n.1688 
 -wonderment of any other Rivers which run ay ew 
 ‘tong courfe from out the Torrid Zone :- but they 
 ‘Knowing only the North Temperate Zone, and 
 the Nile being the only gréat River known to come 
 thither a great way from 4 Country néar the Line; 
 ‘they made that only the fabject of their enquiry : 
 ‘but the fame effect muft alfo follow from any 
 ‘great River that fhould run from out of the Torrid 
 - Zone into the South Temperate Zone. And as 
 to the Forrid Zone, the yearly floods, and their 
 caufe, ate every where as well known by people 
 there, asthe Rivers themfelves. In America par- 
 ticularly, in Campeachy Rivers, in Rio Grande, and 
 others, *tis avait havock is made by thefe floods 5 
 _ bringing down fometimes Trees of an incredible 
 bignefs ; and thefe floods always come atthe ftated 
 feafon of the year. In the dry part of Peru, along’ 
 the coafts of Pacifick Sea, where it never rains, as 
 it feldom does in Eeypr, they have not only Floods, 
 but Rivers themfelves, made by the annual falling 
 of Rain on the Mountains within Land; the 
 _Channéls of which are dry all the reft of the year. 
 ThisI have obferv’d concerning the River 7, on 
 _ the Coaft of Pers, in my former Volume, p. 95: 
 But it has this differencé from the Floods of Egypr, 
 that befides its being a Rivér in the Torrid Zone, 
 ‘tis alfo in South Latitude; and fo overflows ata 
 contrary feafonof the year ; to wit, at fuch time 
 as the Sun being in Southern Signs, caufes the 
 Rains and Floods on that fide the Line. 
 
 ~ But to return from this digreflion, in Asgu/f the 
 weather at Tonquin is maore moderate, as to heat or 
 wet, yet not without fome fhowers, and September 
 and O¢fober are more temperate ftill: yetthe worft 
 weather in all the year for Seamen, is in oné of he 
 3 months laft mentioned: for then the violent 
 
 Storms , called Tiffooms , (Typhones) are ex= 
 D2 pected; 
 
 
 

 
 Tuffoons or Typhones, Storms. 
 
 4y. 1688 peaed.. Thefe winds are fo very fierce, that for - 
 oe fear.of them the Chinefe.that Trade thither, will” 
 
 not ftir out of Harbour, till the end of Odober : after 
 which, month there is no more danger of any — 
 violent Storms, till the next year. , 7 
 _ Tuffoons are a particular kind of violent Storms, | 
 blowing on the Coaft of Tonquin, and theneighbor- — 
 ing Coaftsin the months of Fuly, Auguft, and Sep- 
 tember. They commonly happen near the full or © 
 change of the Moon, and are ufually preceded © 
 by very fair weather, {mall. winds and a clear Sky. © 
 Thofe {mall winds veer from the common Trade © 
 of. that time of the year, which is here at S. W. 7 
 and ihuffles about to the N.and N.E. Beforethe 7 
 storm comes there appearsa boding Cloudin the © 
 N.E. which is very black near the Horizon , but © 
 towards the upper edge, it looks of a dark copper ~ 
 colour, and higher flill it is brighter, and after- © 
 wards it fades toa whitilh glaring colour, at the © 
 very edge of the Cloud. ‘This Cloud appears very ~ 
 amazing and ghaftly, and is fometimes feen 12 © 
 hours before the Storm comes. When that Cloud | 
 begins tomove apace, you may expeé the Wind | 
 prefently. It comes on fierce, and blows very vio- ] 
 lent at N. E.t2 hours more orlefs. Itis alfocom- 7 
 monly accompanied with terrible claps of Thunder, © 
 large and frequent flafhes of Lightning, and excef- — 
 five hard rain. When the Wind begins to abate © 
 it dyes away fuddenly, and falling flatcalm, it conti- © 
 nues fo an hour,more or lefs : then the wind comes = 
 about tothe S. W. and it blows and rains as fierce | 
 from thence, as it did before at N. E.and as long. | 
 
 Nivember and December are 2 very dry, wholefom | 
 warm and pleafant months, ‘fanuary, February, and 
 March are pretty dry : but then you have thick 7 
 fogsin the morning, and fometimes drifling cold | 
 rains : the Air alfo in thefe 4 months, particularly - 
 in. January and February is: very Sharp, OP : 
 
 when | 
 
 
 
~The Harveft. at Tonquin: 27 
 
 when the wind is at. North Eaft , or North 47.1688 
 North Eaft, whether becanfe of the Quarter it ~~~ 
 blows from, or the Land it blows over! know 
 not: for Ihave elfewhere obferv’d fuch Winds to 
 “be Colder, where they have come from over 
 Land. Aprilis counted amoderate month, either 
 ‘as to heat or cold, drinefs or moiiture. 
 - Dhis isordinarily the ftate of theiryear : yet are 
 not thefe various Seafons fo exact in the returns, 
 but that there may fometimes be the difference of 
 a month; or more... Neither yet are the feveral 
 Seafons, when they do come, altogether alike 
 in-all years.; For fometimes the Rains are more 
 violent and lafting, at other times more mode- 
 fates and ifome years they. are not fuficient to pro- 
 duce reafonable Crops, or elfe they come fo untfea- 
 fonably as toinjure and deftroy theRice,or at leait 
 to advance it but little. For the Husbandry of this 
 Country, and. other Countries in theTorrid Zone 
 depends on theAnnualFloods,to moyften and fatten 
 the Land, and if the wet feafon proves more dry 
 than ordinary, fo as that'the RiceLand is not weil 
 dranched with the overflowings of the Rivers, the 
 Crops will be but mean: andRice being theirBread, 
 the itaff of Life: with them, if thar failes, fuch a 
 populous Country as this cannot fubfift,without be- 
 ing oeholding to its Neighbours. But when it 
 comes toithat pafs, that they muftbe fupplyed by 
 Sea, many of the poorer fort fell their Children to 
 relieve their wants, and fo preferve their Lives, 
 whilft others that have not Children tofel!, may be 
 famifhed and dye miferable in the Streets, "Fhis 
 manner of Parents dealing with their Children is 
 net peculiar to this Kingdom alone, but is cufto- 
 mary in other places of the Ealt Indies, efpecialy 
 on the Coafts of Malabar and Coromandel. There . 
 a famine happens more frequently, and rages fome- 
 times to, a degree bes belief : for thote Conn.. 
 
 : pd tries 
 
 ~ a 5489 
 

 
 PO. ke. ge eee ee area | i a try ee ae! Ei Me led Pe I by | 
 %, ¢ , , ” : a 
 
 38 °0~—OA “Famine at Malabar. avd Cordmondel. 
 An,1688 tries are generally very dry, and lefs productive of 
 ea~r~- Rice then Tonquin, Neither are there fuch large” 
 Rivers to. fatten the Land: but all their Crop de- 
 pends on Seafons.of Rains only, te-moiften: the 
 earth: and when thofe feafons fail, as. they-do 
 very often, then they can havého Grop 
 at all. Sometimes they have little --or © no 
 rain in 3 or 4 years, ‘and then ‘they- perifh 
 at a lamentable rate. Such a Famine. as: this 
 happen’d 2 or 3 years before my going :to: Zot Sr! 
 George, which raged fo fore, othat thoufands of 
 people perifhed for want, and happy ‘were. they. 
 ' that cou’d hold out, tillthey got-to the-Sea-port 
 Towns, where the Europeans lived, to fellthemfelves — 
 to them, tho they were fare to bectranfported — 
 from theirown Country» prefently..': But the fa- 
 mine dogs never rage fo much atT onquim neither may 
 their greateft fcarcity be fo truly calleda Famine: 
 for in the worft of times there xis Ricé, and’tisithro — 
 the poverty of the méaner. peoplé, tharfo many | 
 perils or fell their Children, for they might elfe | 
 ave Rice enough, had they money to buy it with: 7 
 and when their Lice is thus dear, :all other provi- 
 fions are fo: proportionably. act 
  Thereisa further difference betweénthe Coun: — 
 tries of Adalabar and Coromandel; and this of Tonquin; — 
 that there the more Rain they have there} che | 
 greater is their blefling: but here chey may have | 
 too much rain for the lower part ofthe Kingdom: | 
 but that is rare. When this happens, they have | 
 Banks to keep in the Rivers, and-Ditches to drain | 
 the Land; tho fometimesto little ‘purpofe, when | 
 the floods are violent, and efpecially if out of fea. — 
 fon. For if the floods come in their feafons, | 
 tho they are great, and drown all the Landy | 
 yet are they not hurtful; buton the contrary, very | 
 beneficial, becaufe the mud that they leave behind | 
 fattens she Land, And after all, if the low Land | 
 Ber ee Ce er eee eae ae 
 
 
 
The poor people of Tonquin. , 
 fhould be injured by the floods, the dry Champion Ay. 1688 
 Land yields the better increafe, and helps out the Uy~J 
 other; asthat does them alfo in more kindly feafons, | 
 In the dry feafons the low Lands have this ad- 
 vantage, that Channels are eafily cut out of the 
 River, to water them on each fide. Sothat let the 
 Seafons be wet or dry, this Country feldom fuffers 
 ‘much. Indeed confideting the number of its inha- 
 bitants, and the poverty ofthe major part, ic is 
 _fometimes here, asin all populous Countries, very 
 hard with the poor, efpecially the Trades people 
 in the largeTowns, For the Trade is very uncer- 
 tain, and the people are imployed according to the 
 number of Ships that come thither, to fetch away 
 their Goods: andif but few Ships come hither, 
 as fometimes it happens, then the poor are ready 
 to famifhfor want of work, whereby to get a fub- 
 fiftance. Andnot only this, but moft Silk Coun- 
 tries are ftockt with great multitudes of poor peo- 
 ple, who work cheap and live meanly on alittle 
 Rice: which if it is not very cheap, as it com- 
 monly ishere, the poor people are not able to 
 _ maintain themfelves, | 
 
 D 4 CHAP, 
 

 
 41.1688 | | j 
 
 
 
 The Inhabitants of Tonquin. 
 
 amas £2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP I. 
 
 Of the Natives of Tonquin : Their Form, Dif= 
 — pofition, Capacity,Cloaths, Buildings, Villages, 
 Groves, Banks, Ditches, and Gardens. Of 
 Cachao, the Capital City, Ovens to fecure 
 goods from Fire; and other precautions again 
 at. The Streets of the City, the Kings Pas 
 faces, and Englith and Dutch Fadories. Aa 
 Artificial Mole above the City, to break the 
 force of the Land floods. Of their Wives and 
 Common women,  Feafts at the Graves of the 
 Dead, and Annual Feafts : their entertaining 
 with Betle and Arek, Ge. Their Religio, 
 Idols, Pagods, Priefts, Offerings, and Praye 
 ers. Their Language and Learning. Theig 
 Mechauick Arts, Trades, Manufactures, Com= 
 modities and Trafic , 
 
 be 
 
 4 Villages ; and the Natives in general are of a 
 middle ftature, and clean limb’d. They are of a 
 Vawny Indian colour: but I think the faireft and > 
 cleareft that I ever faw of that Complexion: for 
 you may perceive a blufh or change of colour in” 
 tome of their faces, on any fudden furprize of 
 pailion:; which I could never difcern in any other. 
 Indians, Their faces are generally flattifh, and of 
 an oval form. Their nofes and lips are proportio- | 
 nable enough, and altogether graceful. Their 
 hair is black, long and lank, and very thick; and 
 they wear it hanging down to their fhoulders, |) 
 
 iF Bache is very populous, being thick fet wi th 
 
 Their 
 
Blacking of Teeth, agreat Beauty. a. 
 
 Their teeth areas black as they can make them ; 4z.1688 
 
 for this being accounted a great ornament, they ~~ 
 dye them of that colour, and are 3 or 4 days doing 
 it. “They do this when they are about 12 of 14 
 years old, both Boysand Girls: and during all the 
 time of the operation they dare not take any nou- 
 rifhment, befides Water, Chau, or fome liquid 
 ‘thing, and not much of that neither, for fear, 
 I judge, of being poyfon’d by the Dye, or Pig- 
 ment. So that while this is doing they undergo 
 very fevere Penance: but as both Sexes, fo all 
 Qualities, the poor as well as the rich, muft be in 
 this fafhion: they fay they fhould elfe be like 
 _Brutes ; and that twould bea great fhame to them 
 to be like Elephants or Dogs; which they com- 
 
 _ pare thofe to that have white teeth. 
 
 _ They are generally dextrous,, nimble, and active; 
 and ingeniousin any Mechanick fcience they pro- 
  fefs. This may be feen by the. multitude of fine 
 Silks that are made here; and the curious Lacker- 
 work, that is yearly tranfported from. thence. 
 They are alfo laborious and diligent in their Cal- 
 jings: but the Country being fo very. populous, 
 “many of them are extreme poor for want of ‘em- 
 ployment: and tho the Country is full of Silk, 
 and other materials to work on, yet little is done, 
 but when ftrange Ships arrive. For ’tisthe Money 
 and Goods that are brought hither, efpecially by 
 the Englifh and Dutch, that puts life into them: 
 for the Handicrafts men have not Money to fet 
 ~themfelves'to work ; and the Foreign Merchants 
 are therefore fore’d to truft them with advance- 
 “money, to the value of at leaft a third, or half 
 _ their goods ; and this for 2 or 3 months or more, 
 “before. they have made their goods, and brought 
 themin. . 50 that they having no Goods ready by 
 -them, till they have Money from the Merchant 
 frangers, the Ships that trade hither mult of ne. 
 ck. . | cefliry 
 
 
 
 
 Ce 
 
42. Gaming. Cloathing of the Tonquinefe. 
 An1688-ceflity ftay here all the time that their Goods are 
 way~ making, which aré cormmonly 5 or 6 months. 
 
 \ 
 
 The Tonquinele make very good Servants; 1 
 think the beft in India. For as they are generally 
 apprehenfive and docil, fo are they faithful when 
 hired, diligent and. obedient. Yet they are low 
 {pirited : probably by reafon of their living under 
 an Arbitrary Government. They are patient in 
 labour, but in ficknefs they are mightily dejected. 
 They have one great’ fault extreme common among 
 them, which is gaming. To this they are fo uni- 
 verfally addiéted, Servants and all, that neither 
 the awe of their Mafters nor any thing elfe is fu 
 ficient to reftrain them, till they have loft all they 
 
 have, even their very Cloaths. This is a reigning — 
 
 Vice amongft the Eaftern Nations, efpecially the 
 Chinefe,-as 1 faid in the 15th Chapter of my former 
 Volume. And [ may add, that the Chine/e I found 
 fettled at Tonquin, were no \efs given to it than 
 thofe I-met with elfewhere. For after they have 
 loft their Money, Goods, and Cloaths they will 
 ftake down their Wives and Children : and laftly, 
 as the deareft thing they have, will play upon 
 ‘tick, and mortgage their Mair upon honour : And 
 whateverit coft °em,they will be fure to redeem it, 
 For? a frée Chimefe, as thefe are, who have fled 
 from thé Tartars, would be as much afham’d of 
 fhort Hair, as-a Tonquinefe of white Teeth. 
 
 The Cloaths of the Tonquinefe are made either of 
 Silk or Cotton. The poor people and Soldiers do 
 chiefly wear Cotton-cloath died toa dark tawny 
 colour. The rich men and Adandarins commonly 
 wear Englifh Broad-cloath : the chief colours are 
 
 red or green, When they appear before the King, | 
 they wear long Gowns which reach down to their _ 
 heels: neither may any man appear in his pre- | 
 
 fence but infuch a garb. The great men have 
 
 _.alfo long Caps made of the fame that their Gowns _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 SS ee 
 
 Os ee ee ee ae 
 

 
 rm 
 § 
 
 «Their Houfes and Furniture. 
 
 43 
 
 : are-made of: but the middle fort of men and the An.1688 
 _ poor commonly go bare-headed. Yet the Fifher~- ~~~ 
 
 _men, and fuch Labourers as are by their employ- 
 ments more expofed to the weather, have broad 
 brim d Hats, made. of Reeds, Straw, or Palmeto- 
 
 leaves: Thefe Hats are as ftiff as boards, and fit 
 not plyant to their heads: for which reafon they 
 
 have Bandftrings or Necklacés faftened to their 
 
 Hats ;- which coming under their chins are there 
 
 tyed, to:keep their Hats faft totheir heads, Fhefe 
 
 _ Hats are very ordinary things; . they feldom wear 
 
 them but in rainy weather: Their-other Cloaths 
 
 drevery few and mean: a ragged pair of Britches 
 commonly fufficeth' them. Some have bad Jackets; 
 but neither Shire; Stockings, nor Shooes. | 
 
 3 Lhe Tonguinefe»buildings are but mean. Their 
 
 ' Houfes are {malland low : the ‘Walls are either 
 
 Mud; or Watle bedawbed over: and the Roofs 
 
 are thatched, and that very ill, efpecially in the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Country. -The Honfes are too low to admit of 
 
 Chambers ; yet they have here 2 or 3 partitions 
 iy ‘ i 
 
 _ omthe ground floor, made witha watling of Canes 
 or Sticks, for their feveral ufes;:In each of which 
 _ thereis’a Window to let in the light. The Win- 
 _ dows'‘are only {mall fquare holes in the Walls, 
 _ which, they jhut up at night with a Board, fitted 
 “for that purpofe. The Rooms are bat meanly fur- 
 _nifhed ; with -a:poor Bed or two (or more, accord- 
 ‘ing to the bignefs of the family) in theinner Room. 
 “The outer Rooms are furnifh’d with Stools , 
 ' Benches, or Chairs tofit on.; There is alfo a Ta- 
 ble, andon one fide a little Altar, with two In- 
 _¢enfe-pots on it: noris any Houfe without its 
 Altar; One of thefe Incenfe-pots has a {mall bun- 
 dle of Rufhes in it ; the ends of which I always 
 took notice had been burnt, and the fire put out. 
 ’ This outer Room is the place where they common- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ay 
 a re 
 
 
 
 (ty drefs their food : yet in fair weather they do is. 
 
: by little drains that run inward from the Towns 
 
 ‘ 
 ) 
 
 a Oe eee eS td ht) ie lt 2 ER RL ake ORT Aa eS Aas Me ec ee Pee ers. Se ee RG ae 
 
 cen 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 Villages, Groves, Banks, and: Ditches. 
 _. (Anv6g8 as frequently in the open air, at their doors;orin 
  V™ their yards ; as being thereby the lefs incommoded 
 by heat or fmoak. A 5 al 
 ~ They dwell not in lone houfes, but together ia 
 Villages: “tis rare to fee a fingle -houfe by itfelf 
 The’ Country Villages:commonly confift of: 20 
 30, or 40 houfes, and are thick feated over alt the 
 Country ; yet hardly tobe feen till you come te 
 their very doors, by reafon of the: Trees and 
 Grovesthey are furrounded with. - And “tis as rare 
 ‘ to {ee a Grove without a Village, in the low Coun: 
 try near the Sea, as to fee a Village without a 
 Grove: but the high Lands are full of Woods, and 
 the Villages there ttand all as in one great: Forefty | 
 The Villages and Land about them do moft belong 
 to great men; and the Inhabitants are Tenants | 
 that manure and cultivate the ground. ere 
 The Villages in thelow Land are.alfo furrounds - 
 ed with great banks andideep ditches.» Thefe ine 
 compafs the whole Grove, :in:which each Village 
 ftands, 3 (SHS: ie 
 The banks are to keep the water from ‘overs | 
 flowing their gardens, and from: coming inro their | 
 houfes in the wet time, when all the Land-about 
 them is under water,2 or 3 foot'deep. -‘Theditches” 
 or trenches are to’ preferve the water inthe diy 
 time, with which they water their gardens whem | 
 needrequires. Every man lets water at pleafure, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ditch, into his own: garden ; and ufually each) 
 mans yard or garden is parted from his neighbours | 
 
 and fenced in with a fmall hedge. Every honfey 
 hath a tmall gate or ftile to enter into the garden 
 firft, for the houfe ftandsin the middle of it: andy 
 the garden runs alfo from the backfide of the houfgy 
 
 : 3 to 
 
 
 
| Dirty Gardens... Cachao. a Ae 
 to the Town-Ditch, with its drainand hedge on 4n,1688 
 each fide. In the gardens every man has his own wy 
 Fruit-trees, as Oranges ,Limes, Betle, his Pumpkins, fi 
 Melons, Pine-apples, and a great many Herbs. 
 Inthe dry feafon thefe Grovy dwellings are very 
 pleafant ; but in the wet feafon they are altoge- 
 ther uncomfortable : for tho fenced in thus with 
 banks, yet are they like fo many Duck: houfes, all 
 Wet and dirty: neither can they pafs from one 
 Village to another, but mid-leg or to their knees 
 “in water, unlefs fometimes in Boats, which they . 
 _keep for this purpofe: but notwithitanding thefe, 
 ~ they are feldom out of mire and wet, even in the 
 _ midft of the Village or Garden, fo long as that 
 ~ feafon lafts. The Inhabitants of the higher pare 
 _of the Kingdom are not troubled with fuch incon- 
 veniencies, but live more cleanly and comfortably, 
 forafmuch as their Land is never overflown with 
 ‘water : and tho they live alfo in Villages or Towns 
 as the former, yet they have no occafion to fur- 
 ‘round them with banks or trenches, but lie open 
 » to the Foreft. Ads 
 _. The Capital City Cachao, which ftands in the 
 high Country, about 80 muesifrom the Sea,on the 
 | Welt fide of the River, and ona pretty level, yet 
 “tifing ground, lies openin thefame manner, with- 
 out wall, bank, or ditch. There may be in Cachao 
 about 20000 Houfes. The Houfes are generally 
 “low, the walls of the Houfesare of mud, and the 
 “covering thatch, yet fome are built with brick, and 
 “the covering with pantile. Mot of thefe _Houfes 
 Vhave a yard or backfide belonging to them. In 
 “each yard you fhall fee a fmall arched building 
 made fomewhat like an Oven, about 6 foot high, 
 / with the mouth on the ground.. It is built from 
 “top to bottom with brick,all over danb’d thick with 
 “mud and dirt. Ifany houfe wants a yard, they 
 
 have neverthelefs fuch.a kind of Ovenas this, but 
 {maller, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 Precautions again|t Fire; | q 
 An.1688 {maller, fet up in the middle of the Houfe it felf:— 
 wey and there is fcarce a houfe in the City with- 7 
 
 out one. Theufe of it is to thruft their chiefeft 
 goods into, when a Fire happens: for thefe low || 
 thatch’d Houfes are very fubjedt to take fire, efpe- 7) 
 cially in the dry times, to the deftru@tion of many | 
 Houfes in an inftant, that often they have fcarce | 
 time to fecure their goods in the arched Ovens, tho. 
 fo near them. | f i 
 As every private perfon hath this contrivance.) 
 to fecure his own goods, when a Fire happens, fo 
 the Government hath carefully ordered neceffary 7 
 means to be ufed for the preventing of Fire, or” 
 extinguifhing itbefore it gets too great a head. 
 For in the beginning of the dry feafon, every man? 
 muft keep agreat Jar of water on the top of his 7 
 Houfe, to be ready to pour down, as occafion fhall | 
 ferve. Befides this, he is to keep a long pole,” 
 with a basket or bowl at the end of it, to throw | 
 
 water out of the Kennels upon the houfes. But 
 if the Fire gets to fuch a head, that both thefe ex-7 
 pedients fail, then they cut the ftraps that hold the 
 Thatch of the Houfes, and let it drop from the] 
 rafters to the ground. This is done with little’ 
 trouble ; for the Thatch is not laid on asours; nei- 7 
 ther is it tyed on by fingle leaves, as in the Wef® 
 Indies, and many parts of the Ea/t Indies, where they} 
 Thatch with Palmeto or Palm tree leaves : but this® 
 is made upin Panes of 7 or 8 foot fquare, before it) 
 is laid on ; fothat 4 or 6 Panes more or lefS, accor-9 
 ding to the bignefs of the Houfe, will cover one® 
 fide of it: and thefe Panes being only faftned in a 
 few places to the rafters with Rattans, they are ea- || 
 fily' cut, and down drops half the covering at once.) 
 ‘Thefe panes are alfo better than loofe thatch, as” 
 being more managable, in cafe any of them fhould 
 fallon or near near the Oven where the Goods 
 aré ; for they are eafily ‘drage’d off to another” 
 | places > 
 
 
 
 
 
Streets of Cachao, avd Palaces. Av. 
 place. The Neighbouring Houfes may this way 4y 1688 
 be foon uncovered, beforethe flame comes to them ;KAASY 
 and the Thatch either carried away, or atleaft 
 laid where it may burn by itfelf. And for this 
 purpofe every man isordered to keep a long Pole 
 or Bambo at his door, with a Cutting-hook at the 
 end of it, purpofely for uncovering the houfes : 
 and if any man is found without his Jar upon the 
 
 houfe, and his Bucket-pole and long Hook at his 
 door, he will be punith’d feverely for his negle&. 
 They are rigorous in exacting this: for even with 
 4 this caution they aremuch and often damaged 
 
 aE Fire. 
 
 The principal ftreets in this City are very wide, 
 
 tho fome are but narrow. * ‘They are moft of them 
 ‘pav'd, or pitch’d rather, with fmall Stones; but 
 after a very ill manner. In the wet feafon they 
 are very dirty ; and in the dry time there are ma- 
 
 ny ftagnant ponds, and fome ditches full of black 
 
 -ftinking mud, in-and about the City. Thismakes 
 
 “it unpleafant, and a man would think unwhole- 
 
 ‘fometoo : yet it ishealthy enough, as far as I per~ 
 
 ceiv'd, or could ever learn. 
 
 _ The Kings of Tonquin, who make this City 
 
 their conftant Refidence, have two or three Pa- 
 
 laces in it, fuch asthey be. Two of them are 
 
 Very mean ; they are buile with timber, yet have 
 
 'they many great Guns planted in Honufes near 
 
 “them, Stables for the Kings Elephants and Horfes, 
 
 “and pretty large fquare {pots of ground for the’ 
 
 Soldiers to draw themfelves up regularly before 
 
 ‘him. The third Palace is cali’d the Palace Royal 
 
 (Tt ismore magnificently built chan the othertwe: 
 
 syet buile alfo wich timber, but all open, as the - 
 
 Divans in Tarky are faid tobe. The wall that in- 
 
 | Compafleth it is moft remarkable. It is faid to be 
 
 3 leagues in circumference. The heighth of this: 
 
 ) Wallis about rs or 16 foot, and almoft as many 
 
 , ) roa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48 - Palace Royal. Englith Fadory. ! 
 -44m.1688 broad or thick. Itis faced upon both fides with 
 we-yv~ Brick: there are feveral {mall Gates to go in-and_ 
 out at, but the main Gate faceth to the City. This | 
 they fay is never opened, but when the Boua or) 
 Emperor goes in or comes out: There are two] 
 {maller Gates adjoyning to it, one on each fide, 
 which are opened on all occafions, for any con-) 
 cern‘d there to pafs in and out ; but ftrangers are) 
 not permitted this liberty. Yet they may afcend]| 
 to the top of the Wall, and walk round it; therey 
 being ftairs at the Gate to go up by: and in fome 
 places the Walls are fallen down. 
 Within this Wall there are large Fifh-ponds, 
 where alfo there are Pleafure-Boats*for the Empe- 7 
 rors diverfion. I fhall defer fpeaking of him ;% 
 whofe Prifon this is rather than Court, till they 
 next Chapter, where I fhall difcourfe of the Go-¥ 
 vernment. eee a Z i 
 The honufe of the Englifh Fa@ory, who are very 7 
 few, is pleafantly feated on the North end of the}| 
 City, fronting to the River. “Tis a pretty hand-7| 
 fome low built Houfe ; the beft that I faw in the 
 City. There is a handfome Dining-room in the 
 middle, and at each end convenient apartments 
 for the Merchants, Factors, and Servants belong- ¥ 
 ing tothe Company tolive in, with other conve- 
 niences. This Houfe ftands parallel with the Ri- J 
 ver; andat each end of it, there are fmaller Houfes § 
 for other ufes, as Kitchin, Store-Houfes, &c. run- § 
 ing in a line from the great Honfe towards the 
 River, making two Wings, and a f{quare Court’ 
 open to the River. In this fquare fpace, near’ 
 the banks of the River, there ftands a )Flag-ftaff, 
 purpofely for the hoyfing up the Englifh Colours, 
 on all occafions : for it is the cuftom of ourCoun- § 
 trymen aboard, to let fly their Colours onSundays, 
 and all other remarkable days. F | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 A Mole #0 keep off Land- floods. 
 
 : The Dutch Fadory joyns to the Exglih Factory An.1688 
 on the South fide : I was never init, and therefore ey 
 
 can fay nothing of it, but what I have heard, that 
 their ground is not fo large as otirs, tho they are 
 the longeft ftanders here by many years: for the 
 Englifh are but newly removed hither frora Hean, 
 Where they refided altogether before. 
 _ There is nothing more in or about the City 
 ‘Worth noting, but only a piece of work on the 
 dame fide, up the River. This isa mafly frame of 
 timber, ingenioufly put together, and very. arti- 
 ficially placed on great piles, that are fet upright 
 ‘in the River, juft by its banks. The piles are dri- 
 ‘Yen firmly into the ground, clofe one by another : 
 and all the {pace between them and the bank js 
 filled up with ftones, and on them great Trees 
 laid acrofs,and pinn’d faft at each end to the piles : 
 To that the. whole fabrick muft be moved before 
 @ny part of ic will yield. This piece of work is 
 faifed about 16 or 17 foot above the water in the 
 dry time: but inthe wet feafon the flocds come 
 Within 2 or 3 foot of the top, ‘It was made to 
 “Tefift the violence of the water in the rainy fea- 
 ‘Yon: for the ftream then prefleth fo hard againtt 
 this place, that before this pile was builr, ic broke 
 OWn the bank, and threatned to carry all before 
 if; even tothe ruining of the City, if this courfe 
 had not timely been taken to prevent it. And fo 
 Mhuch the rather, becaufe there is a large pond juft 
 Within Land, and low ground between it and the 
 ity : fo that had it made but a {mall breach into 
 ne pond, ic would have come even to the skirts 
 Of the City. Andtho the City ftands fo high as 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ake great changes in the River, breaking down 
 ; BE ne 
 
 = — ios —— 
 
42,16880ne point of Land, and making another poirit ie 
 “~~ the oppofite fide of the River; and that chiefly in) 
 
 ~ much lefS to maintain one Wifes yet moft of them} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Thisving. Wives and Common Women. 
 
 this part of the Country, where it is bounded with 
 high banks: for nearer the Sea, where it prefently | 
 _overflows, the floods do feldom make any confides] 
 able change, and move more quietly. % 
 
 But to return to the people. They are cours 
 teous and civil to ftrangers, efpecially the trading} 
 people: but the great men are proud, haughty, 
 and ambitious; and the Souldiers very infolenty! 
 The poorer fort are very Thievith ; infomuch thag| 
 the Factors and Strangers that traffick hither arg] 
 forced to keep good watch in the night to fecuré 
 their goods, notwithftanding thefevere punifhments| 
 they have again{t Thieves. ‘They have indeed great} 
 opportunities of Thieving, the Honfes being {@] 
 flightly built: but they will work a way undef! 
 ground , rather than fail andufe many fubs| 
 tle ftratagems. I am a ftranger to any cel 
 remonies ufed by them in Marriage , of 
 
 at the Birth of a Child, or the like, if they ufé 
 any: Polygamy is allowed of in this Country, 
 and they buy their Wives of the Parents. The 
 King.and and great Men keep feveral, as_ theif! 
 inclinations lead them, and their ability ferves 
 The poor are ftinted for want of means morg| 
 than defire: for tho many are not able to buy 
 
 make a fhift to get one, for here are fome very 
 low prized ones, that are glad to take up with poo 
 Husbands. But then in hard times, the man m 
 fell both Wife-and Children, to buy Rice to mail 
 tain himfelf. Yet this is not fo common herez 
 in fome places; as I before obferved ‘of the Aah 
 bar and Coromandel Coats. This cuftom among) 
 them of buying Wives, eafily degenerates into that 
 other af hiring Miffes, and gives great liberty 1 
 the young Women, who offer themfelves of cheit 
 

 
 Women let out to hire to Strangers. 
 
 own accord to any ftrangers, who will go to their 4#.1688 
 price. There are of them of all ‘prizes, from 100 -W” 
 
 Dollars to 5 Dollars, and the refufe of all will be 
 _careffed by the poorSeamen. Such as the Lajfcars, 
 who are Moors of India, coming hither, in Veffels 
 from Fort St. George, and other places: who yer 
 have nothing to give them, but fuch fragments of 
 Food, as their Commons will afford. Even the 
 ‘great men of Tonquin will offer their Daughters to 
 the Merchants and Officers, tho their ftayis not 
 likely to beabove 5 or 6 Months in the Country : 
 “heither are they affraid to be with Child by dite 
 “men, for the Children: will be much fairer than 
 their Mothers, and confequently of greater repute; 
 ‘when they grow up, if they be Girls. Nor is ic 
 any great charge to breed them here: and at the 
 
 wortt if their Mothers are not able to maintain 
 them, ’tis but felling them when they are young. 
 Butto return, the Women who thus let themfelves 
 “tohire, if they have been fo frugal as to fave 
 “What they have got by thefe loofe amours, they 
 _foon procure Husbands, that will love and efteem 
 ‘them well enough : arid themfelves alfo wil! prove 
 afterwards obedient and faithful Wives: For ’tis 
 faid, that even while they are with ftrangers, 
 they are very faithful tochem ; efpecially to fuch 
 isremain long in the Country, or make annual 
 returns hither, as the Durch generally do. Many 
 ‘of thefe have gotten good Eftates by their Tonquin 
 Ladies; and that chiefly by trofting them with 
 oney and Goods. For in this poor Country ‘tis 
 reat advantage to watch the Market : and thefe 
 female Merchants having f{tocks will mightily im- 
 ove them, taking their opportunities of baying 
 w Silk in the dead time of the year. With this 
 y will employ the poor people, when work is 
 rce ; and get it cheaper and better done, than 
 When Ships are here :for then every man being em 
 Ez 3 ployed 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
" 
 
 4 
 mm 
 ie 
 Is ak) Re i Torre 
 
 42,1688 ployed and in ahurry of bufinefs, he will have his 4 
 ““~W™ price according to the hafte of work. And by this — 
 
 ‘fon, to the profit both of the Merchant and the | 
 
 tothe quality of the deceafed. Ifhe was a great) 
 
 - @ifewhere occagen to méntion. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Funeral Pile and Feaft. 
 
 means they will get their Goods ready againft the 
 Ships arrive, and before the ordinary working fea- | 
 
 Pagally, 2 ; 
 _ When aman dyes he isinterr’d in his own Land, | 
 for here are no common Burying-places: and | 
 within a month afterwards the friends of the de- || 
 ceafed, efpecially if he was the mafter of the fami- | 
 ly, muft make a great feaft of Flefh and Fruit at” 
 the Grave, °“Tis a thing belonging to the | 
 Priefis office'to aflift at this folemnity ; they are’ 
 always there, and take care to fee that the friends | 
 of the deceafed have it duly performed. To make 
 this Peaft they are obliged to fella piece of Land,’ 
 tho they have Money enough otherways : which | 
 Money they beftow in fuch things as.are neceflary | 
 for the folemnity, which is more or lefs, according | 
 man, there isa Tower of Wood ereéted over the | 
 Grave ; ic may be 7 or 8 foot fquare, and built 20) 
 or 25 foochigh. About 2oyards from the Tower, | 
 are little Sheds buile with Stalls, to lay. the Provi-) 
 tions On, Loth of Meat and Fruits of all forts, and) 
 thatin great plenty. Thitherthe Country peoplel| 
 refort to fill their Bellies, for the Feaftfeems to bel 
 free for all comers, at leaft of the Neighbourhoods 
 How itis dreft or diftributed about I know not gl 
 bur there the People wait till’tis ready. Then the 
 Prieft. gets within the Tower, and. climbs up tay, 
 to the top, and looking out from thence, makes 
 an oration to the People below. After this the 
 Prieft defcends, and, then they fet fire tothe foun 
 dation of the Tower, burn itdown to the Ground! 
 and. when this isdone they fall to their, Meat. I fawy 
 one of thefe Grave-Feafts, which I fhall have 
 
| The Paftimes at the New-Years Feat. 53 
 
 y 66 The Tonquinefe have two Annual. Feafts. The 42.1632 
 chiefis at the firft New Moon of the New Year : ~~~ 
 and their New Year begins with the firft New Moon 
 
 that falls out aftér the middle of Fanuary, for 
 
 elfe that Moon is reckon’d totheold year. At this. 
 
 time they make merry and rejoyce ro or 12days, 
 and then theré is no bufinefs done, but every man 
 
 makes himafelfas fine as may be,efpecially thecommon 
 
 fort. Thefefpend their time in gaming or {port- 
 ing, and you fhall fee the Streets full of people, 
 both Citizens and Country folks, gazing at feveral 
 
 diverting -exercifes, Some ‘fet up Swings in the 
 
 Streets, and get money of thofe that will {wing in 
 them. The Frames are contrivd like ours in the 
 ‘Fields about London in Holiday times: but they 
 
 who {wing ftand upright on the lower part of the 
 'Swing,which is only a ftick ftanding on each end, 
 
 Being faftened to a pendulous rope,which'they hold 
 
 faft with their hands on each fide ; and they raife 
 themfelves to fuch prodigious heighth, that if the. 
 
 Swing fhould bréak they muft needs break their 
 “Limbs at beft, if not Kill chemfelves outrighr. 
 “Others {pend their time in drinking, Their ordi- 
 fnary drink is Tea: but they makethemfelves mer- 
 
 “ty with hot Rack, which fometimes alfo they mix 
 with their Tea. Either way it hath am odd naity 
 tafte, but is very ftrong: and is therefore much 
 ‘efteemed by them: efpecially at this time, when 
 “they fo much devote themfelves to mirth, or mad- 
 “hefs, or even beftial drankennels. The richer fore 
 é more referved: yet they will alfobevery merry —_, 
 at this time. TheNoblés treat their friends with good = 
 Cheer and the beft Rack ; but indeed there is, none 
 good in this Country. Yet fuch as they have they / 
 fteem as a great Cordial; efpecially when snake 
 nd Scorpions have been infuied taerein, as Thay . 
 eeninformed. This is not only accounted a gr oa, 
 Cordial, but an antidote againit the Leprofic, ange. 
 | E 3 ae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pts 
 
A2.168 
 
 ~~~ of refpect to any one to treat him with this Liquor: © 
 
 ‘ 
 
 Se Oe ee eae ee ee ee es le Tey eee Be i a Cs eae ain > Ris ae a oe» pint ee 
 
 54 Chinam, apaft usd withBetle and Arek. 
 
 ty take off; and ifany ftranger vifits them, efpe-¥ 
 
 “ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ball forts of Poyfon ; and ’tisaccounted a great piece _ 
 
 I had this relation from one that had been treated | 
 thus by many of the greatmen, They alfo at this © 
 time more efpecially chew abundance of Betle, 
 and make prefents thereof to one another. L 
 ' The Betle Leaf is the great entertainment in the 7 
 Eaft for all Vifitants ; and ‘tis always given with” 
 the Arek folded up in it, They make up the Arek | 
 in pellets fit for ufe, by firft peeling off the outer’ 
 green hard rind of the Nuts, and then fplitting ic | 
 lengthwaysin 3 or 4parts, more orlefs, according ¥| 
 to its bignefs. Then they dawb the heaf all over § 
 with Chinam or Lime made into a Morter or Pafte, # 
 and kept ina Box for this purpofe, fpreading it 
 ere a | ae — 
 And here by the way I fhall take notice of a¥ 
 flip in my former Volume, p. 318, which I defire 7 
 may be corrected : the Nut being there by miftake 7 
 call’d the Betle, and the Arek-tree call’d the Betle- © 
 tree, whereas Berle is the name of the Leaf they 7 
 chew. In this Leaf, thusf{pread withChinam, they © 
 roll up a flice of Arek-Nut, very neatly, and make™ 
 a pellet of about an inch long, and as big as the) 
 top of ones finger. Every man here has a Box that 
 will hold a great many of thefe pellets, in which || 
 they keep a ftore ready made up ; for all perfons, || 
 of what quality foever, from the Prince to the 
 Beggar, chew abundance of it: The poorer forty 
 carry afmall pouchful about with them: But they 
 Mandarins, or great men, have curious oval Boxes, ¥ 
 made purpofely for this ufe, that will hold s0 or | 
 . 60 Betle pellets, Thefe Boxes are neatly lackerd® 
 ind gilded, both infide and outfide, with a cover® 
 
 ciak 'Y = ; 1 
 entertainment, tobe treated with a Box of Betle. 7) 
 The Attendant that brings it holds it to the left™ 
 
 NY 
 
 \ 
 
i, 
 
 
 
 Prefents of Betle aud Extertainments. gs 
 
 hand of the ftranger ; who therewith taking off 4v.1688 
 
  thecover, takes with his right hand the Nuts out <7 
 of the Box. “Iwere an affront to take them, or 
 
 " give or receive any thing with the left hand, which 
 
 4s confin’d allover India to the viler ufes. . 
 - It is accounted good breeding to commend the 
 tafte or neatnefs of this prefent ; and they all love 
 
 _ to be flatter’d. You thereby extremely pleafe the 
 
 after of the houfe, and engage him to be your 
 friend: and afterwards you may be fure he will 
 “not fail to fend his Servant with a prefent of Betle 
 once in two or three mornings, with a complement 
 to know how you do. This will coft you a {mall 
 gratuity to the Servant, who joyfully acquaints his 
 
 - Mafter how gratefully you receivd the prefent: 
 
 and this ftill engages him more ; and he will com- 
 plement you with great refpe@ whenever he meets 
 you. I was invited to one of thefe New-years 
  Feafts by one of the Countrey, and accordingly 
 
 went afhore, as many other Sea-men did upon like 
 _ dvitations. I know not what entertainment they 
 had ; but mine was like to be but mean, and there- 
 
 “fore I prefently left ic. The ftaple Difh was Rice, 
 
 which I have faid before is the common food: 
 _ Befides which, my friend, that he might the better 
 _ €ntertain me and his other guefts, had been in the 
 “morning a fifhingin a Pond not far from his houfe, 
 and had caught a huge mefs of Frogs, and with 
 great joy brought them home as foon as I came to 
 ~hishoufe. I wonder’d to fee him turn out fo ma- 
 
 “ny of thefe creatures into a Basket; and asking te 
 | “him what they were for? he told me to eat: but 
 how he dreft them I know not ; I did not like his 
 - dainties fo well as to ftay and dine with him. 
 
 _* The other great Feaft they have, is after their 
 May crop is hous'd, about the beginning of ‘Fune. 
 TAt this Feaft alfo they have publick Rejoycings ; 
 But much inferiour to thofe of their New yearsVeaft, 
 - Ea PNG 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 An.1688 Their Religion is Paganifm, and they are great 
 “v~~ Idolaters : Neverthelefs they own an omnipotent, © 
 
 
 
 _ have not feen them in any other fhape. The Pagoal 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Religion and Idols of Tonquin. 
 
 fupream , over-ruling power, that behaolds both | 
 them and their actions, and fo far takes notice of 
 them, as to reward the good and punifh the bad | 
 in the other world. _ For they believe the immor-| 
 tality ofthe Soul: bur the notion that they have || 
 of the Deiry is very obfcure. Yet by the figures, 
 which they make, reprefenting this God, they 7 
 manifeftly fhew that they da believehim to excel 9 
 in fight, ftrength, courage and wifdom, juftice, 
 @&c. For tho their idols, which are made in human || 
 shapes are very different in their forms ; yerthéy 9 
 all reprefent fomewhat extraordinary either inthe | 
 countenance, orin the make of the body or limbs, | 
 Some are very corpulent and fat, others are. very. || 
 lean, fome alfohave many eyes, others as many. 
 hands, and all gralping fomewhar, Their afpecs. 
 are alfo different, andin fome meafure reprefenting | 
 what they are made to imitate, or there is fomes)| 
 what in their hands or lying by them,-to illuftrace || 
 the meaning of the Figure. Several. paflions arel| 
 alfo reprefented in the countenance of the Image, | 
 as love, hated, joy, grief. I was. told of one@l 
 Image, that was placed fitting on his Hams, with) 
 his Eibows relting on his Knees, and hisChin reft- 
 ing onhis 2 Thumbs, for the fupporting his Head, 
 which lookt drooping forwards: his Eyes: were 
 mournfully lifted up towardsHeaven, and the figure 
 wasio lean, and the countenance and whole compe-§ 
 fure was fo forrowful, that ic was enough to move 
 the beholder with pity and compaflion, My Friend 
 faid he was much affected with the fight thereof) 
 
 There are other Images alfo, that are in the 
 thape of Beatts, either Elephants or Horfes : for Ip 
 
 das or Idol Temples, are nor fumptuous and magen 
 nificent,as in fome of the Neighbouring Kingdoms. 
 | They 
 

 
 _ ThePagedas or Tenples. The Priefts. 5F 
 _ They are generally built, with Timber, and are 
 but fall fF iw yet moftly covered with Pan- eg 
 tile ;efpecially the City Pagodas. Butin the Coun- 
 try fome of them are thatched. Ifaw the Horfe 
 and Elephant Idols only in the Country: and in- 
 deed I faw none of the Idols in the City Cachao, 
 but was told they were generally in humane fhapes, 
 ._ TheHorfe and Elephant Images I faw, were 
 _ both. forts about the bignefs and height of a good 
 Horfe, each ftanding in the midft of alittle Tem- 
 pile, juft big enough to contain them, with their 
 heads towards theDoor: and fometimes one, fome- 
 times.two together ina ‘Temple, which was always 
 open., There were upand downin the Country 
 other buildings,fuch asPagedas,orTemples, Tombs,or 
 the like,lefs than thefe ; and not above the heighth 
 _ of aman : but thefe were always fhut fo clofe, that 
 Icould not fee what was within them. 
 _., There are many Pagaz Priefts belonging to thefe 
 Pagodas, and ‘tis reported that they are by the 
 Laws tyed up to ftriét rules of living ; as abftinence, 
 _from Women, and ftrong drink. efpecially and en- 
 yoin’d.a poor fort of Life, Yer they don’t feem 
 to confine themfelves much to thefe Rules: but 
 _ their fubfiftance being: chiefly from Offerings, and 
 there being many. of them, they are ufually very 
 ‘ por: The offering to thePrieft is commonly 2 or 3 
 handfuls of Rice, a box of Betle, or fome fuch 
 “Tike prefent.. Onething the people refort to them 
 for is fortune-telling, at which they pretend to be 
 ‘Yery expert, and will be much offended if any 
 - difpute their skillin that, or the truth of their Reli- 
 gion. ~Their Habitations are very lictle and mean, 
  ‘Clofe by the Pagodas , where they conftantly attend 
 to offer the petitions of the poor people, that fre- 
 — @uently refort thither on fomefuch errand. For 
 _ they have no fet times of Devotion, neither do 
 they feem toefleem one day above another , except 
 
 their 
 
 
 
 ist 
 eA) 
 OQ * 
 
 ow 7 = ee ee i i, ee ie i 
 
em: 2 are Por rae me , 0 END, tea . 3a cre 
 
 58 The folemuity of their Prayers. MN 
 ‘An.1688 their. Annual Feafts. The people bring toth 
 wv~ Prieft in writing what Petition they have to makes 
 
 and he réads it aloud before the Idol, and after- 
 wards burns it in an Incenfe-pot, the fupplicant ally 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the while lying proftrate on the Ground. 
 ~ [think the Mndarins and rich people feldom come 
 to the Pagodas , but, have a Clerk of their own 
 
 who reads the Petition in their own Courts of} 
 Yards : and it fhould feem by this,that the Mandarinsy 
 have a better fenfe of the Deity, than the commonj 
 People ; for inthefe Yards, there is no Idol, beforey 
 whom to perform the Ceremony, but’tis done witht 
 Eyes lift up to Heaven, When they make this Pes 
 tition they order a great deal of good meat to be 
 dreft, and calling all their Servants into the Court 
 where the Ceremony is to be performed, they placey 
 the food ona table, where alfo ‘2 Incenfe-pots arey 
 placed, and then the A4sndarin prefents a paper tg 
 the Clerk, who reads it with an audible voice 
 In the firft place there is drawn up an ample account) 
 of all that .God has bleft him ‘withal, as Healthy) 
 Riches, Honour, Favour of his Prince, oc. andy 
 long Life, if he be old; and towards the conclufiony 
 | there is a Petition ‘to God for a continuance of alll) 
 : thefe bleffings, anda farther augmentation of them jy) 
 efpecially with long life and favour of his Princes} 
 which laft they efteem as the greateft of all Blef 
 fings, While this ‘paper is reading the Maftesy 
 kneels down, and bows his face down to the Earth 
 and when the Clerk has' done reading -it, he puts 
 it tothe burning Rufhes, that are in the Incenfesy 
 pot, where’tis confumed. Then he flings in 3 org) 
 4 little bundles offacred paper, whichis very finey 
 and gilded ; and when that alfo is burnt, he bids his 
 Servants eat the Meat. This Relation I had from 
 an ‘Englifh Gentlemen, who :underftood the Lang 
 guage very well, and was prefent at fuch a Ceremy 
 mony. ‘This burning of paper feemsa great Cuftoml 
 
 
 

 
 The Tonquinefe Language and Writing. 59 
 _ among the Eaftern Idolaters: and in my former 47,2688 
 ~ Volume I obferved the doing fo by the Chinefe, in a Uys 
 facrifice they had at Bencouli. 
 The Tonquinefe Language is {poken very much 
 through the throat, but many words of it are pro- 
 nounced through the teeth. It has a great affinity 
 to the Chinefe Language, efpecially the Fokien dia- 
 le&, asI have been inform’d: and tho their 
 words are differently pronounced, yet they can 
 ‘underftand each others writings, the characters 
 and words being fo near the fame. The Court 
 ~ Language efpecially is very near the Chinefe; for 
 the Courtiers being all Scholars, they {peak more 
 elegantly ; and it differs very much from the vul- 
 gar corrupted language. But for the Azalayan 
 “Tongue, which Monfieur Taveraier’s Brother in his 
 Hiftory of Tonquin fays is the Court Language, | 
 - Gould never hear by any perfon that it is fpoken 
 there, tho I have made particular enquiry about it; 
 “heither can [be of his opinion in that matter. For. 
 “the Tougquinefe have no manner of Trade with any 
 ~ Malayans that 1 could obferve or learn, neither 
 have any of their neighbours: and for what other 
 meonnds the Tonquinefe fhould receive that language 
 Aknownot. It is not probable that either Con- 
  qgueft, Trade or Religion could bring itin; nor , 
 do they travel towards Malacca, but towards China; 
 and commonly ’tis from one of thefe caufes that 
 “Men learn the language of another Nation. 
 The remarkable fmoothnef§ of that Language, 
 _ Iconfefs, might excite fome people to learn it out 
 Of curiofity : but the Tonquinefe are not fo curious. 
 _ They have Schools of Learning, and Nurferies 
 to tutor youth. The Charaéers they write in are 
 the fame with the Chinefe, by what I could judge ; 
 “and they write with a hair Peticil, not fitting at a 
 ‘Table as we do, but ftanding upright.. They hold 
 their Paper in one hand, and write with the other, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 | ‘An.1688 making their Charradters very exact and fair, 
 “ey They write cheir lines right down from the top to 
 
 
 
 Mie EE. | Ee eee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Their Learning and Mechanick Arts. 
 
 the bottom, beginning the firft line from the right | 
 hand, and fo proceeding on towards the left, Af) 
 ter they can write, they are inftru@ed in fuchi 
 Sciences as their Mafters can tutor them in; and) 
 the Marhematicks are much ftudied by them, They] 
 feem to underftand a little of Geometry and Arith-J 
 metick, and fomewhat more of Aftronomy. They® 
 have Almanacks among them: but I could note 
 learn whether they are made in Tonquin, or broughe 
 to. them from China. : ; 5 | 
 Since the Jefuits came into thefe parts, fome_ off 
 them have improvd themfelves in Attronomy) 
 pretty much. They know from them the Revo 
 lutions of the Planecs; they alfo learn of them# 
 natural Philofophy, and efpecially Ezhicks: andy 
 when young Students are admitted or made Gra-§ 
 duates, they pafs throa very {trid@ examination | 
 They compofe fomething by way of trial, which? 
 they muft be careful to have. wholly their own; 
 for ifitisfound out that they have been aflitted® 
 they are punifhed, degraded, and never admittedy 
 to a fecond exainination. : 4 
 The Tonguine/e have learnt feveral MechanickArts 
 and Trades, fo. that here are many Tradefmen, 
 viz: Smiths, Carpenters, Sawyers, Joyners, Tur- 
 ners, Weavers, Tailors, Potters, Painters, Money 
 changers, Paper-makers, Workers on Lacker_ ware yy 
 Bell-founders, @c. Their Saws are moft in frames. 
 and drawn forwards and backwards by two men, 
 Money changing isa great profeilion here. It is 
 managed by Women, who are very dextrous and 
 ripe inthis employment, They hoid their cabals@ 
 in the night, and know how to raife their Cafh as@ 
 pa as the cunningeft Stock-jobber in Lone 
 On, | i 
 
 The 
 
“ 
 
 Commodities and Manufadures. 61 
 The Tonguineje make indifferent good Paper, of 47.1688 
 two forts. One fort ismade of Silk, the other of Ww 
 the rinds of Trees. nis being pounded well with 
 wooden Peftles in large Troughs, make the beft 
 writing Paper. : 
 _ _ The vendible Commodities of this Kingdom are 
 Gold, Musk, Silks, both wrought and raw, fome 
 Callicoes, Drugs of many forts, Woed for Dying, 
 hacker Wares , Easthen-Wares, Salt, Annifeed, 
 Wormfeed, ec. There is much Gold in this 
 Country: It is like the China Gold, as pure as that 
 of ‘fapan, and much finer, Eleven or twelve Tale 
 of Silver brings one of Gold. A Tale is the name 
 of a {umm of about aNoble Engi, Befides, the raw 
 Silk fetched from hence, here are feveral forts 
 of wrought Silks made for exportation, wiz: Pe- 
 Tongs, Sues, Hawkins , Pinia{co's, and Gaws 
 _ThePelongs andGaws, are of each fort either plain 
 or flower’d.very neatly. They make feveral other 
 forts of Silk, but thefe are the principal that are 
 _ bought by the Englih and Dutch. : 
 ___ The Lacker’d Ware that is made here, is not in- 
 
 . iii : 
 ~ feriour to. any but that of ‘Fapan only, which is 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ¢ 
 4 efteemed the beftin the world ; probably becaufe 
 the: Fapan wood is much better than: this at Tonquin; 
 for there feems not any confiderable difference in 
 thePaint or Varnifh- The Lack ofTongquin is a fort of 
 gummy. juice, which drains out of the Bodies or 
 mbs of Trees, It is gotten infuch quantities by 
 e Country people, that they daily bring itia 
 great Tubs to the Markets at Cachaoto fell, efpeci- 
 ally all the working feafon. The natural colour 
 is white, and in fubftance thick like Cream: but 
 | the air will change its colour, and make it look 
 _ blackifh: and therefore the Country people that 
 _ bring it to Town, cover it-over with 2 or 3 fheets 
 _ Of paper, or leaves, to preferve it in its frefh native 
 Solour, The Cabinets, Desks, or any fort of 
 cs aa Frames 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 —~62 Of the Lacker-ware, Lack, and Turpentine. — 
 Ant 69g Frames to be Lackered , are made of Fir, of 
 wy Pone-tree : but the Joyners. in this Country may | 
 not compare their work with that which the Eus 
 ropeans make: and in laying on the Lack upon 
 good or fine joyned work they frequently fpoil the” 
 joynts, edges, or corners of Drawers of Cabinets#] 
 Befides, our fafhions of Utenfils differ mightily) 
 from theirs, and for that reafon Captain Poole, in) 
 his fecond Voyage to the Country, brought an} 
 ingenious Joyner with him, to make fafhionable| 
 Commodities to be lackered here, as alfo Deal-) 
 boards,which are much better than the Pone-wood) 
 of this Country. | 
 The Work-houfes where the Lacker is laid ong 
 are accounted very unwholfom, by reafon of a 
 poifonous quality, faid to be in the Lack, whichi 
 fumes into the Brains through the Noftrils of thofe| 
 ‘that work at it, making them break out in botches| 
 _and biles; yet the fcent is not ftrong, nor the 
 fmell unfavory. TheLabourers at this Trade can 
 work only in the dry feafon, or when the drying) 
 North Winds blow: for as they lay feveral Coats 
 of Lack, one on another, fo thefe muft all have 
 timéto be throughly dry, before an outer Coat 
 can be laid on the former.It grows blackith of itfelf, 
 when expofed tothe air; bur the colour isheightned 
 by Oyl, and other ingredients mixt with it 
 When the outfide Coat is’ dry , they polith it ta 
 bring it toa glofs. This is done chiefly by often 
 rubbing it-with the ball or palm of their HandsJ 
 They can make the Lack of any colour, and tem4 
 perit foas to make therewith good Glew, faidy 
 to be the beft in the world: It is alfo veryy 
 cheap, and prohibited exportation, They make® 
 Varnifh alfo with the Lack. a 
 Here is alfo Turpentine in good plenty, and very) 
 cheap: Our Captain boughta confiderable quan] | 
 tity forthe Ships ufe: and of this the abv | 
 madé 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 a 9 
 ‘ 
 

 
 Earthen Ware and Drugs, 6g 
 
 _ made good Pitch, and ufed it for covering the 42,1688 
 _ Seamsafter they were caulk’d. “vs 
 
 The Earthen- ware of this Country iscourfeand 
 
 _ ofa grey colour, yet they make great quantities of 
 
 _ {mall Earthen Dithes, that will hold half a pint or 
 more. Theyare broader towards the brim than at 
 
 ithe bottom, fo that they maybe ftowed within 
 
 _ one another. They have been fold by Europeans, i” 
 
 _ many of the Malayan Countries, and for that reafon 
 
 _ Captain Pool in his firft Voyage, bought the beft 
 
 _ part of ro0000, in hopes to fell them in his return 
 homeward. at Batavia ; but not finding a market 
 for them there, he carried them to Bencouli on the 
 Ifland Sumatra, where he fold them at a great 
 _ profit to Governor Blom; and: he alfo fold moft 
 _ of them at good advantage to the Native 
 _ Malayans there : yet fome thoufands were ftill at 
 
 _ the Fort when I came thither, the Country being 
 
 _ glutted with them. Captain Weldon alfo bought °30 
 '/0r 40000, and carried them to Fort St. George, but 
 ow he difpofed of them I know not. The China 
 © wares which are miuch finer, have of late fpoiled 
 
 he fale of this Commodity in moft places: yet at 
 
 ackan, in the Bay of Bengall, they are ftillefteem’d, 
 nd fell at a good rate. 
 
 The feveral forts of Drugs bought and foldhere, 
 re beyond my knowledge : but here is China root, 
 alingame, Rhubarb, Ginger, &c. Neither dol 
 now whether any of thefe grow in this Country, 
 
 r they are moftly imported from their Neigh- 
 ours; tho as to the Ginger, I think ic grows 
 
 ere. Here isalfoafort of Fruit or Berty faid to 
 grow o1 {mall Bufhes, called by the Dutch Annifey 
 becaufe its {cent and tafte is ftrong like that of the 
 Annifeed.This Commodity is only exported hence 
 _ by the Dutch, who-carry it to Batavia; and there 
 _ diftil ic among their Arack, to give it an Annifeed 
 ~ flavour. This fore of Arack is not fit to make 
 3 Punch 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ° 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 64 Sappan-wood, Wormfeed, Musk, Rhubarb &e, | 
 'Au.1688 Punch with, neither is ic ufed that way, but’ for 
 w-y~ want of plain Arack.. It is. only ufed to take a 
 
 Dram of by itfelf, by the Dutch chiefly , who in-| 
 ftead of Brandy,will {wallow large Dofes of it, tho” 
 it be ftrong : but ’tis alfo much ufed and efteemed 
 all over the Eaf Indies. | 
 
 There is one fort of Dying wood in this Coun- 
 try much like the Campeachy Log-wood,tho whether 
 the fame, or Wood of greater value, I know 
 - not, I have heard that ‘tis called Sappawn Woods 
 ~~ and that it comes from Siam, It wasfmaller than 
 what we ufually cut in the Bay of Campeachy ; for) 
 the biggeft ftick that I faw here was no bigger) 
 than my Leg, and moft of it much fmaller, and) 
 crooked. They have other forts of Dyes, but 1) 
 can give no account of them. They dye feveral 
 colours here, but I have been told they are not 
 lafting. They have many forts of good tall Tim- 
 ber-trees in this Country, fit for any forts of 
 building: but, by relation, mone very durableJ| 
 For Matting the Fir and Pone Trees are the beft) 
 Here is much Wormfeed, butit grows notin this) 
 Kingdom. It is brought from within the Landj| 
 from the Kingdom of Boutan, or from the Province, 
 of Yunam, bordering on this Kingdom, yet belong4| 
 ing to China. From thence comes the Musk andy 
 Rhubarb ; and thefe 3 Commodities are faid to bey 
 peculiar to Boutae and Yunam. ‘The Musk grows 
 fn the Cods of Goats; The fame Countries yield 
 ‘Gold alfo, and fupply this Country with ic: for 
 ~ whatever Gold Mines the Zonquinefe are faid to have 
 in. their own Mountains, yet they don’t work up-7 
 on them. : | 
 ~ Wich all thefe rich Commodities, one would ex-9 
 pect the people to be rich ; bus the generality are 
 very poor, confidering what a Trade isdriven heres 
 For they have little or no Trade by Sea thems) 
 felves, except. for eatables, as Rice, and Fithyy 
 which) 
 
j The Trade driven at Tonquin. 65 
 which is {pent in the Country: but the main 47.1688 
 Trade of the Country is maintained by the Chincfe, —Y™. 
 Englifh, Datch ,. ‘and other Merchant Strangers, 
 who either refide here conftantly, or make their 
 annual returns hither. Thefe export their Commo- 
 
 _ ities, and. import fuch as are vendible here. The 
 
 Goods imported hither befides Silver, are Sale- 
 
 peter, Sulphur, Englifh Broad-cloath, Cloath- 
 tafhes, fome Callicoes, Pepper and other Spices, 
 
 Lead, great Guns, &c. but of Guns the long Saker 
 
 ismoft efteemed. For thefe Commodities you 
 
 _ receive Money or Goods, according <o contra@ : 
 but the Country is fo very poor, that, as I for- 
 
 “merly obferved, the Merchant commonly ftays 3 
 
 or 4 months for his Goods, after he has paid for 
 
 them; becaufe the poor are not employ’d till 
 
 Ships arrive in the Country, and then they are 
 fet to work by the Money that is brought thither 
 
 -inthem. The King buys great Guns, and fome 
 
 _ Pieces of Broad cloath : but his pay is fo bad, thae 
 
 Merchants care not to deal with him, could they 
 avoid it: But the trading people, by all accounts, 
 are honeft and juft : that I heard a man fay, who 
 had traded thereten years, in which time he 
 dealt for many thoufands of pounds, that he did 
 het inall that time lofe 10 /; by therh alk 
 
 
 
 
 ig CH & Pp, 
 
66 |The Government of Tonquin. 
 An.1688 
 
 ee, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP Uv. 
 
 Of the Government of Tonquin. The 2 Kings | 
 Boua azd Chouas the Revolt of the Co- 
 chinchinefe , avd Original of the prefent 
 conftitution at Tonquin. Of the Boua’s con~ 
 
  finement, andthe Choua’s or ruling Kings 
 Perfon and Government ; andthe Treafure, 
 Elephants and Artillery. Their manner of 
 making Gunpowder. Of the Soldiers, their 
 Arms, Employment , &c. Of the Naval) 
 
 . Force, their fine Gallies and Management of) 
 them. The Watch kept in their Towns, their) 
 Fuftice, and punifhing of Debtors, and Cri- 
 minals of all forts. Of the Eunuch Manda- 
 rins: their promotion and LDifpofitions, 
 Of their [wearing upon a draught of Hens 
 Blood : awd the Trial by bitter Waters in 
 Guinea. Of the Mandarins Extertainments 3) 
 The Chop-fticks ufed at Meals, and their 
 hindnefs to Strangers. 7 
 
 peat Kingdom is an abfolute Monarchy, but 
 
 @ offuch akind as isnot in the world again } 
 for it has two Kings, and each fupreme in his) 
 particular way : The one is called Bouc, the other) 
 
 — Choua; which laft name lL have been cold fignifies 
 Mafter.TheBoua and hisAnceftors were the foe Mos” 
 narchs of Tozquin ; tho I know not whether 3s ing 
 dependent Soveraigns, or as Tributaries to China, 
 of which they have been thought to have been @ 
 Frontier Pravince, if nota Colony: for there i” 
 a great affinity between them in their Language, 
 
 - Religion; 
 

 
 The two Kings Boua and Choua. 
 
 Religion, and Cuftoms. Thefe 2 Kings they have 4.1688 , 
 at prefent, are not any way related in their ws 
 
 Defcent or Families: nor could I learn how 
 long their Government has continued in the 
 prefent form ; but it appears to have been for fome 
 fucceflions. The occafion is varioufly reported ; 
 _ but fome give this account of it. 
 _ The Boua’s, or antient Kings of Tonquin, were 
 formerly Matters of Cochinchina, and kept that Na- 
 tion in fubjection by an Army of Tonquinefe con- 
 ftantly kept there, under a General or Deputy, 
 _whoruled them. When Cochinchina threw off the 
 Tonquinefe Yoak, the King had two great Generals, 
 one in Cochinchina, and another in Tonquin itfelf. 
 | Thefe two Generals differing, he who was in 
 Cochinchina revolted from his Soveraign of Tonquin, — 
 and by his power over the Army there, made 
 himfelf King of Cochinchina ; fince which thefe 
 _two Nations have always been at Wars; yet each 
 Nation of late is rather on the defenfive -part than 
 On the offenfive. But when the General who 
 Commanded in Cochinchiza had been thus fuc- 
 cefsful in his revolt from under the Bosa, the 
 Tonquinefe General took the Courage to do fo too ; 
 and having gained the affections of his Army, de- 
 -prived the King, his Mafter, of all the Regal 
 “power, and kept it with all the Revenues of the 
 Crown in his own hands: yet leaving the other 
 theTitle ofKing;probably,becaufe of the great zeal 
 the people had for that Family: And thus ‘the 
 ‘Kingdom came wholly into the power of this 
 | Lonquinefe General, and his Heirs, who carry the 
 Title of Choua; the Bowa’s of the antient Fami- 
 ly having only the fhadow of that Authority they 
 wereformerly Mafters of. The Bova lives the life 
 ofakind of a Prifoner of State, within the old 
 Palace, with his Women and Children ;.and 
 diverts himfelf in Boats among his Fifh-ponds 
 e FZ within 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
68 
 
 An. 688 within the Palace Walls, but never ftirs without 
 
 Set nd 
 
 _ill-natured,leprous perfon. He lives in the fecont 
 
 attend him, none of the Mandarins make their 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The defpotick power of the Choua: 
 
 thofe bounds. He isheld in great veneration by — 
 all theTonquinefe, and feemingly by theChoua alfo 5 
 who never offers any violence to him, but treats” 
 him with all imaginable refpe@. The people fay 
 they have’ no King but Boua ; and feem to have” 
 fad apprehenfions of the lofs they fhould have, i 
 he fhould.dye without an Heir: and whenever” 
 the Choua comes into his prefence, which is 2 of 
 3 times inthe year, he ufeth abundance of Com- 
 pliments to him, and tells him that his very life 
 isat his fervice, and that he governs and rules 
 wholly to dohim a kindnefs : and always gives hint 
 the upper hand. So alfo when any Ambaffadors 
 are fent from the Emperor of China, they will) 
 deliver their Meflage to none but the Boua, and) 
 have their Audience of him. Yet after all this 
 pageantry, the Zo#a has only a few Servants to 
 
 = 
 
 Court to him, nor is he allow’d any Guards : All 
 the Magiftracy and Soldiery, Treafure, and the 
 ordering of all matters of Peace and War, are ene 
 tirely at the Choua’s difpofal; all preferment i§ 
 from him, and the very Servants who attend thé) 
 Boua, are fuch only as the Choua places about himy 
 Befides thefe Servants, none are ever fufferd to 
 fee theBoua, much lefs Strangers: {© that I coult 
 learn nothing as to his perfon. But as to chi 
 Choua, 1 have been informed that he is an angry, 
 
 Palace, where he hasten or twelve Wives; buf 
 what Children I know not. He governs with 
 abfolute authority over the Subjects, and wit 
 great tyranny: fortheir Lives, Goods,and Eftaté 
 are at his command. The Province of Tenchos 
 is faid to have belonged properly to his Anceftots, 
 who were great Mandarins before the ufurpatiom 
 So that he now feems to have a particular valae 
 

 
 The yer Elephants, and Artillery, 
 
 for it, and keeps his Treafure there, which, by 47.1688 
 report, is very great. This Treafure is buried in ~~~ 
 
 great Cifterns full of Water, made purpofely for 
 _ that ufe: and to fecure it, he keeps a great 
 many Soldiers there ; and commits the charge, 
 both of them and the Treafure to the Governour 
 of theProvince,who is one of his principalEunuchs. 
 The Choua has always a {trong guard of Soldiers 
 about his Palace, and many large Stables for his 
 -Horfes and Elephants. The Horfes are about 13 
 or 14 hands high, and are kept very fat : there 
 are 2or 300 ofthem. The Elephants are kept 
 in long Stables by themfelves, each having a pecu- 
 liar room or partition, with a Keeper to drefs and 
 Wfeed him. The number of the Kings Elephants 
 ie 
 
 
 
 ‘are about 150 or 200. They are watered and 
 _ wathed every day in the River. 
 
 _ Some of the Elephants are very gentle and go- 
 -vernable, others are more indocil and unruly. 
 When thefe rude ones areto pafs through the 
 “Streets, tho only to be watered , the Rider or 
 _ Drefler orders aGong orDrum to be beaten before 
 him, to warn Peopie thae an unruly Elephant is 
 coming ; and they prefently clear the Streets 
 and give a paflage for the Beaft; who will do mif- 
 Chief to any that are in the way, and their Riders 
 or Keepers cannot reftrain him. 
 | Before the Choua’s Palace, there is alarge parade, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 vone fide there is a place for the Mandarins to fit, 
 and fee the Soldiers exercife, on the other fide 
 He 
 
 ‘there is a fhed, wherein all the Cannon and heavy 
 WGuns are lodged. ‘There may be 50 or 60 Iron 
 
 ie 
 I 
 
 Guns from Falcon to Demy-Culverin, 2 or 3 
 Whole Culverin or Demi-Cannon, and fome old 
 Tron Mortars lying on logs. ‘The Gunsare mount- 
 €don their Carriages, but the Carriages of chete 
 “Guns are old and very ill made, There is one 
 
 | ie grear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘or {quare place for the Soldiersto be drawnup. On - 
 
 ts) ARS. stat, Si 
 
 69 
 

 
 
 
 70 
 
 - fhow than fervice. But tho this is but an ordinary” 
 
 “Fhumb, aud fome no bigger than a white Peavy 
 
 et er Te FY a eee ee ore 
 
 The Weapons and Soldiery of Tonquin 
 
 4.1688 great Brafs Gun, much bigger than the reft, fup. 
 ~~~ pofed tobe 8 or 9000 pound weight. It is of a 
 
 caper bore; of afoot diameter at the mouth, but 
 much f{maller at the britcch. It is an ill thaped | 
 thing, yet much eftemeed by them. probably be-7 
 cauie it was caft here,and the biggeft thatever they” 
 made. ft was caft about 12 or 13 years ago, and it 
 
 being fo heavy,they cou’d not contrive to mount it, © 
 but were behelding to the Englifh, to put it into) 
 the Carriage ; where i¢ now ftands more for a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 piece of workmanthip, yet the Toxquinefe underftand™ 
 how torun Metals, and are very expert intemper-7 
 ingthe Earth, wherewith they make their mould.7| 
 
 Thefe are all thegreat Guns, that! faw or heard] 
 of in this Kingdom, neither are here any Forts,7) 
 yet the King keeps alwaysa great many Soldiers. | 
 ’Tis faid that he has always 70 or 80000 conftant- | 
 lyin pay. Thefe are moft Foot, they are arm’d 
 with Cwrtaus or Sword, and Hand Guns of 3 foot 
 and an half or 4 foot in theBarrel.The boreis about? 
 the bignefsof our Horfe Piftols,they are all Match- 
 locks, and they are very thick and heavy. The 
 Soldiers do all make their own Powder. They) 
 have little Engins for mixing the ingredients, and] 
 make as fmalla quantity as they pleafe. They] 
 know not how to corn it, and therefore it is in: 
 unequal lumps, fome as big as ‘the top of a mans, 
 
 neither have I feen any Powder well corn’d, that) 
 has been made in any of thefe Eaftern Nations, © 
 ‘ The Soldiers have each a Cartage Box, covered} 
 with leather, after the manner of the Weft Indian 
 Privateers : but inftead of Paper Cartages, thefe’ 
 are filled wirh {mal! hollowCanes,each containing a 
 load or charge ofPowder 3 which they empty out of © 
 the Cane intothe Gun 3; fo that each Box hasin it, 7 
 as it were,fo many Bandeleers. TheirArms are kept 
 Ee ae ~ ery 
 
ui 
 Ch 
 
 Good Eaters good Soldiers. *? 71 
 
 very bright andclean: for which purpofe every one Ay,1688 
 of them has a hollowBambo to lay over the Barrel ~~~ 
 of hisGun ; and to keep the daft from it, as it lies 
 over the rack inhis Houfe. When they march alfo 
 in rainy weather, they have another Bambo, to 
 cover their Guns. ‘This is large enough to cover 
 the whole Barrel, and very well lacker’d : fo that 
 ais not only handfome, but alfo preferves the Gun 
 ery. 
 
 _ The Soldiers when they march are led by an 
 Officer, who is leader of the File : and every File 
 confifts of :o men: but as Ihave been informed 
 by one who has feen them march, they don’t keep 
 their ranks in marching. The Soldiers are molt 
 of them lufty ftrong well made men: for ’tis that 
 ‘chiefly recommends them to the Kings fervice. 
 They muft alfo have good Stomachs, for that is a 
 greater recommendation then the former ; neither 
 Can any man be entertain’d as a Soldier, that has 
 hot a greater ftroke than ordinary at eating : for 
 by this they judge of his {trength and conttitution. 
 For which reafon, when a Soldier comes to be 
 lifted, his Stomach is firft proved with Rice, the 
 ‘Gommon fubfiftence of the ordinary People in this 
 Kingdom: and according ashe acquits himfelf 
 ‘in this firft tryal of his manhood, fo he is either 
 difcharged or entertain’d in the fervice. *Tis re- 
 ‘Ported, that at thefe Tryals they commonly eat 
 Sor 9 cups of Rice, each containing a pine, and 
 they are ever afterwards efteem’d and advanced, 
 “according to the firft days fervice : and the greateft 
 faters are chiefly imployd as guards to the King, 
 and commonly attendon his Perfon. The Pro- 
 Vince of Ngeas breeds the luftieft men, and the 
 beft eaters : for that reafon thofe of that Province 
 ‘are generally imploy’d as Soldiers. After 30 years 
 ¥ervice a Soldier may petition tobe disbanded ; 
 ‘and then the Village where he was born matt fend 
 a@notherman toferveinhisroom. F 4 The 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pe 
 
i iI CNRS la i ia Aa TR Ye ee Be eee ee eee eee oe ~*~ ee) CUP 
 ais 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fo my The Exereifes of the Soldiery. 7 
 An.1688 The Horfemen are but few, and armed with 
 ~v~ Bows, andlong Spears or Lances, like the Moons 
 and Turks. Both thefe and the Foot Soldiers are | 
 
 very dexterous in ufing their weapons, and 
 
 - fhoot very well with either with Gun or Bow; 
 
 for they are often exercifed by fhooting at Marks, 
 
 The King orders a fhooting match oncea year, and | 
 rewards the beft marks-man with a fine Coat, of 
 
 about 1060 Cafh, as °tis called, which is a fumm| 
 
 about the value of a Dollar. The mark is a white 
 earthen Cup, placed againfta Bank. Thediftance 
 they ftand to fire at it is about 80 yards. He who 
 breaks the firft Cup has the fineft Coat ; for there 
 are others alfo oflefs worth and finery for the reft 
 that have the good fortune to break the other] 
 Cups, or Cafb in lieu of them. This is all at the 
 Kings charge, who incourages this exercife very 
 much, asa means tomake them good Marks-men | 
 and they generally prove fuch. They will load and 
 fire the quickeft of any People.. They draw the} 
 Rammer at one motion, and powring down the 
 Powder and Bullet, they ram all down at one 
 motion more. Then they withdraw the Rammer, 
 and putit into its place, at 2 motions more. All| 
 the 4 motions are performed very dexteroufly and 
 quick : and when they fhoot at a mark , they 
 tel and fire at fir fight , yet very fuccefss 
 fully. | 4 
 Thothe King of Yonquin has no Forts, yet he 
 keeps always a great many Souldiers in the Fron 
 tier Towns of his Kingdom; efpecially on thé 
 S. W. part thereof, to check the Cochinchinefe, his 
 implacable Enemies: and tho there feldom hap- 
 pens.a pitch’d Battel between them, yet there are 
 often Skirmifhings, which keep the Souldiers of 
 each fide upon their guards: and fometimes there 
 are confiderable excurfions made by one or oth 
 party into the Enemies Territories, where th 
 
) Long Guns for ihe Field. 73 
 kill, {poyl, and bring away what booty they can 4.168 
 find. The King alfo has always about 30000 near w\-aRs 
 his perfon, and quarter’din or about Cachao, ready 
 on all occafions. The Dry feafon is the time for 
 his Armies to take the Field, or go againft an Ene- 
 _ my: for in thefe Countries there is no marching 
 in the Wet feafon. When he fendsan Army by 
 Land on any: expedition, the General, and ether 
 _ great Officers are mounted on Elephants. Thefe 
 have neat little boarded Houfes or Caftles faftned 
 _ on their backs, where the great men fit in ftate, 
 _ fecur’d from the Sun or Rain. They have no 
 _ Field-pieces in their Armies, but inftead thereof 
 _ they carry on mens backs Guns that will carry a 
 4 ounce Shot. The barrels of thefe Guns are. 
 _ about 6 or 7 footlong: but tho one man carries 
 one ofthem on his back, yet he cannot hold it 
 _outto fire, like fmall Guns, but refts ic on its 
 _ Carriage, which is another mans burden, and 
 _ they. two manage it between them. The Carri- 
 ~ age is only around piece of Wood, about 4 inches 
 _ thick, and 6 or 7 foot long. One end of the 
 _ Carriage is fupported with two Legs, or a Fork of 
 _ three foot high, the other retts ‘on the ground, 
 _ The Gun is placed onthe top, where there is an 
  Jron Socket for the Gun to reft in, and a Swivel 
  toturn the Muzzelany way. Fromthe britch of 
 _ the Gun there is a fhort ftock, for the man who 
 - fires the Gun to traverfe it withal, and to reft it 
 - againft his fhoulder. The ufe of thefe Guns isto 
 ’ clear a Pafs, or to fire over the Rivers, when the 
 Enemy is fo commodioufly plac’d, that there is no 
 _ other way to move him ; and they are carry d by ° 
 © thefe two men almoft with as much eafe as Mus. 
 ) kets. In thefe Land-expeditions they carry bur 
 ) little baggage, befides their neceflary Arms, * 
 * munition, and Provender: So that if 
 » routed they lightly {camper away; end 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 An,1688 in thefe Countries the Difpute is foon over, for 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Froutier-Guards. Naval Force. 
 
 _ they will not long fuftain a {mart Onfet. 
 Befides the Souldiers on the Frontiers, and thofe 
 who attend the King about Cachao, he has many _ 
 others that keep guards in feveral parts of his King. 
 dom, efpecially in the great Roads, and on the 
 
 Rivers. Thefe fearch all exported goods, to fee” 
 that no prohibited goods are fent out of the King- 7 
 dom, efpecially Arms: and no prohibited goods” 
 brought in. They alfo look after the Cuftome, | 
 and fee that all goods have paid, before they may 7 
 pafs further. All Travellers are alfo fearch’d by © 
 them, and ftri@ly examined ; and if any perfons 
 are taken only on fufpicion, they are wled very 
 feverely, till they can clear themfelves: So thae™ 
 no difafte@ed or rebellious perfon can ftir, with- 7 
 
 out being prefently known; and this renders the | 
 King very fafe in his Government. i 
 _ The Kings Naval force confifts only in a fort of | 
 flat bottom Gallies, and thefe feemingly defigned 
 more for State than fervice, except to tran{port 
 
 _Soldiersfrom one place to another. Thefe Veffels 
 are 50, 60, or 70 foot long, and about 19 or 129 
 foot broad in the wafte ; and the 2 ends nearas_ 
 many foot high out of the water, efpecially the 
 hinderpart orStern : but the wafte or middle. of the» 
 Veffel is not above 2 foot and an half fromthe was 
 ter,that being the place,by which all the men go in_ 
 and out. From thence towards each end, it is] 
 gently and very artificially raifed, toa confiderable 
 heighth, fo that the whole fabrick appears very 7 
 graceful and pleafant, as ic moves on the water, 
 The head or forepart is not altogether fo highas 7 
 the Stern, neither is there fo much coft beftowed_ 
 on it for oraament: for tho it wants neither carv'd ~ 
 
 work nor painting, yet “tis nor comparable to that | 
 of the Stern, which -has great variery of carving, © 
 and is curioufly lacker’d and gilded. The plac é 
 : Where” 
 

 
 The Tonquinefe Shipping and Rovers. 
 
 
 
 where the Captain fitsis in the Stern, and isneatly An.1688° ~ 
 covered to keep off the Sun or the Rain: and it wy 
 
 _ being higher than any other part of the Veffel, ap- 
 _ pears like a little throne, efpecially that of the 
 Generals Galley: This is more magnificent than 
 the reft, tho all are buile much of one form. From. 
 the Stern tothe wafte, it is covered over with a 
 flight covering, to fhelter the Men and their 
 Arms from the Rain in the wet feafon , and the 
 fcorching Sun in the dry. Before the wafte there 
 are places for the Oars on each fide, and a plain 
 even Deck for the Rowers to ftand by their tack- 
 ling. Each Galley carries a {mall brafs Gun, 
 either Minion or Saker, which is planted afore, 
 and looks out through a port in the Bow. They 
 have a {mall Maft and Matt Sail, and they are 
 towed with from 16 or 20 to 24 Oars. 
 _ The Soldiers are always the men that row, and 
 they are all naked, except that they have a nar- 
 tow piece of black Cloath like a Safh about their 
 ~Waftes, whichis brought between their Thighs, 
 and tuckt again under their. Wafte, Every one 
 ftands upright behind his Oar, which lies in its 
 ‘notch on the. Gunnal, and he thrufts or pufhes 
 it forward with a great ftrength; and they plunge 
 ‘their Oars all at one inftant into she Water, keep- 
 “ing exact time with each other: and that they may - 
 ‘the berter do this, there is one thar ftrikeson a 
 “mall Gong, or a wooden Inftrument, _ before 
 Wevery ftroke of the Oar. Then the Rowers all 
 t once anfwer wich a fort of a hollow noife, 
 hrough the Throat, and a ftamp on the deck 
 With one foot,and immediately plunge their Oars 
 “into the Water. Thus the Gong and the Rowers 
 “alternately an{wer each other, making a found 
 ‘that feems very pleafanr and warlike to thofe who 
 re at a {mall diftance on che Water or Shoar. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
: 42.1688 Thefe Boats draw about 2 foot and a half waa 
 ~V~ ter. They are only ferviceable in Rivers, or af 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Armament for the Gallies. 
 
 Sea near the Shoar, and that in very fair weas 
 ther too. They are beft in the broad Rivers neag 
 the Sea, where they may take the advantage of 
 the Tidesto helpthem : for tho they row pretty) 
 4wift when they are light, yet when they have 
 60, 80, or foo men aboard, as fometimes they 
 have, they are heavy androw flowly againft the 
 ftream. Neverthelefs when there is occafion they 
 muft go againft the ftream a great way, tho they 
 perform it with great labour. | 
 The Soldiers in thefe Veflels are equipt with 
 Bows, Swords, and Lances, and when many of 
 them are fent on any expedition, they are dic 
 vided into Squadrons. They are diftinguifhed by 
 their feveral Flags of different colours; as appear- 
 ed ‘by an expedition they made up the River, a- 
 gainitfome of their Northern Neighbours, while 
 we were there. There were then about 60 of 
 thefe Galleys fent out up the River; and they 
 had ‘from 16 to 40 Soldiers in each, all welll 
 armed. Their General was called Ungee Comet, 
 who was a great Mandarin, and was the perfon) 
 appointed by the King to infpe&t into our Enghih) 
 Traffick; being made director or protector of they 
 Englifh Factory, who ufed to {peak of him as 4 
 enerous man. There were two more great) 
 fficers under him, each ina Veffel by himfelfy 
 Thefe three had Flags of diftinction: the firft 
 was yellow, the fecond blue, the third red of 
 green. ‘They went away from Cachao towards 
 the Mountains, bute did not return while we 
 were there: but fince we came from thence; 
 Yhave been informed that the expedition provd 
 fruitlefs, and that the General Ungee Come: wag) 
 much difgraced. # 
 
 Whe , 
 
a 
 me. 
 Lay 
 
 | Watch and Ward kept by the Soldiers. 77 
 
 When. the Galleys are not in fefvice, they are An,1688 
 dragged afhoar, and placed in Houfes built for “Ww 
 ‘that purpofe; where they are fet upright on 
 
 their bottoms, made very clean, and kept neat 
 
 and dry. Thefe Galley-Houfes are 50 or 60 paces 
 from the River fide ; and when they bring the 
 “Galleysinto them, there is a {trong Rope brought 
 round che ftern of the Veffel, and both ends 
 ftretched along, one on each fide: then 3 or 400 
 -mwnen,ftanding ready with the Rope in their hands, 
 wait for the fignal; which being given by the 
 beat of a Gong, they begin to draw with all their 
 ftrength, and making a great fhrieking noife, 
 “they run her up ina trice intoher place. This 
 -alfo is their Soldiers work, who having thus 
 - Houfed all their Galleys, return to their Land- 
 fervice. 
 
 Some of the Souldiers are imploy’d alfo in keep- 
 ing Watch and Ward, for the fecurity of private 
 men, as well as inthe Kings bufinefs : and the 
 _ Tonquine(e are obferv'd to keep good ordersin the 
 -nightin all Towns and Villages; but more parti- 
 ularly in the great Cities, amd efpecially at Ca- 
 
 ebao. There every Street is guarded with a ftrong 
 watch, as well to keep filence, asto hinder any 
 —diforder. The Watch-men are armed with Staves, 
 -and ftand in the Street by the Watch-houfes, 
 to examin every one that paffeth by. There is 
 alfo a Rope ftretched crofs the Street breft high, 
 and no manmay pafs this place, till he isexamind, 
 
 unlefs he will venture to be foundly bang’d by the 
 
 Ss 
 xt 
 
 
 
 
 _ Watch. Thefe men can handle their weapon fo 
 well, that if they defign mifchief, they will dex- 
 _ troufly break a Leg or Thigh-bone, that being the 
 | place which they commonly ftrike at. There is a 
 pair of Stocks by every Watch houfe , to 
 ' fecure night ramblers in : but for a {mall piece of 
 Money a man may pafsquiet enough, and for a 
 mo 
 
Bi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 78 Fuftice corrupt, yet fometimes pleafant. 
 ‘An.1689 moft part only the poor are taken up. Thefe 
 wy~ Watch-men areSoldiers,but belong to theGovernor 
 
 or fome other men of great power, who will heat 
 no complaints againft them, tho never fo juftly” 
 made: and therefore they often put men in the 
 Stocks at their pleafure, and in the morning carry” 
 them before a Magiftrate: who commonly fines 
 the Prifoners to pay fomewhat; and be it more of 
 lefs, it falls part to the Magiftrare. Neither dares) 
 any man complain of injuitice upon fuch ufaged) 
 in this cafe efpecially ; tho his caufe. be never ff 
 juft : and therefore patience is in thisCountry as nes 
 ceffary for poor people,as in any part of the World? 
 But notwithftanding thefe Abufes, they have 
 one Cuftom in the adminiftring Juftice, that s 
 pleafing enough. — For if a difference or quarrel at) 
 any time happens between 2 mean men, and they 
 are not to be reconciled without going before aMa- 
 giftrate he ufually confidering their Poverty, lays na 
 heavy mulé on the offender, but injoyns him this ag 
 his penalty, that he fhall treat the injur’d Perfon| 
 with a Jarr of Arack, and a -Fow], or a {mall Pore) 
 ker, that fo feafting together, they may both 
 drown all animofity in good liquor, and renev 
 their Friendfhip. 
 But if it be aControverfy about aDebt,they take 
 very different Method. For the Debtorsare many 
 times order’d to bePrifonersin theirCreditorshoufes 
 where they are beaten, or kept with alog of wood 
 made faft to their Legs, to hinder them from run: 
 ning away.Thefe poor Prifoners eat nothing butRic 
 and drink Water,and are tyranically infulted over by 
 their rigid Creditors, tillthe debt is farisfied. Theit 
 Corporal Punifhments upon Malefectors, and fomes | 
 times upon others, are very fevere. Some aré 
 loaden with Iron chains faftned to their Legs) 
 with logs alfo like the Debtors,but now mention dy 
 Others have their Necks inclofed berween 2 great 
 heavy 
 
 
 
P be ( 
 eis 
 a 
 
 | Punifbments for Criminals, 79 
 fheavy planks made like a Pillory, but moveable ,4z.1688 
 for they carry it about with them where-ever they ~~~ 
 go, and even when they go toreft they are forced 
 to lye down and fleep in it as they can. 
 
 There is another fort of punifhing inftrument 
 
 ‘hot unlike this, called aGongo, This alfo is made 
 to wear about theneck, butis fhaped like a Lad- 
 der. The fides ofit are 2 large Bamboes, of about 
 Io or 12 foot long, with feveral fuch rounds or — 
 flicks as Ladders have to keep the fides afunder ; 
 ‘but much fhorter: for the 2 fide Bamboes are no 
 farther afunder, than to admit of a narrowroom 
 forthe Neck; and the 2 rounds in the middle are 
 ‘Much atthe fame diftance from each other, on each 
 fide the Neck, forming a little Square: thro which 
 the man looks as if he were carrying a Ladder on 
 his Shoulders,with his head through the rounds. If 
 either of thefe Yoke’s were to be taken off in a 
 hort time, asin 6, 9, or 12 hours, it would be no 
 ‘great matter: but to wear one of thema month, 
 2, 3, or longer, as I have been informed they 
 fometimes do, feems to be a very fevere punish- 
 “ment. Yet ‘tis fome comfort to fome,that they have - 
 ‘the Liberty to walk abroad where they will : but 
 ‘others are both yoak’d and imprifon’d: and the 
 Prifoners in publick Prifons are ufed worfe than a 
 man would ufea Dog, they being halfftarved and 
 toundly beaten to boot. 
 
 _ They have a particular punifhment, for fuchas 
 
 re fufpected to fire Houfes,or who are thought to 
 have occafioned the Fire through their neglect. 
 
 ‘The mafter of the Houfe, where the Fire firft 
 | breaks out, will hardly clear himfelf from {ufpicion, 
 ‘and the feverity of the Law. The punifhment in 
 this cafe is to fitin a Chair of 12 or 14 foot high, 
 bare-heade, d3 whole days fucceflively in the hot 
 Meorching Sun: this Chairis fet, for hisgreater dif- 
 grace, before the place where his Houfe HOPG i 
 i ther 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fy 
 
 ‘ 
 H 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 80 Punifhments for feveral Crimes. 1 
 48.1688 Other fmallerCrimes are punifhed with blows, 
 wy which we call Bambooing. The Criminal is laid 
 , flat on his belly on the ground, with his britches 
 
 pluckt down over his hams: in which pofturea 
 lufty fellow bangs his bare britch ‘with a {plic Bam+ 
 bo, about 4 fingers broad, and 5 foot long. Tht 
 number of his blows are more or lefs, according 
 to the nature of the crime, or the pleafure of thé 
 Magiftrate ; yet Money will buy favour of thé 
 ‘Executioner, who knows how to moderate hi 
 ftrokes for a fee before-hand. Otherwife his) 
 blows ufually fall fo heavy, that the poor offender) 
 may be lamed a month or two. After a manha 
 fuffered any of thefe punifhments, he can neve 
 obtain any publick favour or employment, — 
 
 They have no Courts of Judicature, but anj 
 fingle Magiftrate iffues out his Warrants for ché} 
 apprehending of Malefactors, and upon taking! 
 them immediately tries them: and as the Sentence! 
 is final, and without appeal, fo ’tisno fooner paft 
 but ’tis executed alfo without more ado. Theit 
 punifhment in capital crimes is ufually beheading: 
 The Criminal is carried immediately from the Ma! 
 giftrates houfe to his own: for there is no con® 
 mon place of Execution, but the Malefactor ful) 
 fers near his own houfe, or where the fact wa | 
 committed. There he is placed, fitting on thé) 
 ground , with his body upright, and his legg| 
 ftretched out: and the Executioner being prow 
 vided with a large Curtame or Backtword, and) 
 ftriking a full back-blow on the neck, at one ftroke | 
 he fevers the head from the body ;_ the head coms 
 monly tumbling down into the owners lap, and) 
 the trunk falling backward on the ground. . 
 
 Theft is not thosght worthy of Death, but & 
 punished with cutting off fome member, or part 
 ofa member, according to the degree of the of 
 fence. For fometimes only one joynt of a Finge 
 

 
 4 The Ennuch Mandarins at Tonquin. 
 
 ' more, and for fome the whole hand; 
 
 _. The Magiftrates and other great men of this 
 Kingdom, are called Mandarins.. Moft of them 
 an office about the King are Eunuchs, and not 
 ‘only gelded, but alfo their members cut : quite off 
 quite flat to their Bellies. Thefe, as I have been 
 informed, are all very learned men after their 
 ay, efpecially in the Laws of the Country; 
 hey rife gradually by their merit or favour, from 
 e degree to another, as well they who are em- 
 Dloy’d in Civil as inMilitary affairs : and fcarce 
 Place of truft or profit goes befide them: No 
 an is permitted to walk familiarly about the 
 ings Palace without the leave of the Eunuch 
 Mandarins, and for this reafon , having fach free © 
 accefs ro the King themfelves, and excluding | 
 whom they will, they engrofs his favour, This 
 staken fo much to heart by fome, that through 
 envy and difcontent, they often pine away, as is 
 ommonly faid, even to death: and I heard of 
 uch an one, who wascalled Ungee Thuan Ding - 
 Jngee {eems a title of honour among them. He 
 sa man of great Learningin the Laws, ex- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 red, but could not for want of being an Eu- 
 uch. He fretted to fee his inferiours raifed: 
 ut plainly feeing that there was no rifing without 
 emoving that objection, he one day ina rage 
 bok up a fharp Knife, and qualify’d himfelf ef. 
 eGually. He had a Wife and 6 or 8 Children, 
 tho were all in great fear of his life: buthe was 
 at all difmayed, tho in that condition ; and 
 € King advanced him. He was living when I 
 there, and was a great Mandarin. He had 
 € care of the Armory and Artillery, being great 
 Matter of the King’s Ordnance, 
 G There 
 
 is choptoff, for other crimes a whole finger, or4v.1688 
 yn), 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 82 Voluntary Caftrating thro Ambition. 
 
 4.1688 There was another Mandarin allo, one Vngee 
 8v VY Hane, who finding himfelf baffled by the Eunuchs, 
 was forced to make himfelf one to be upon the 
 level with them. This Gentleman, it feems, was. 
 Lord of a Village or two, where both he 
 and his Tenants were often plagued with the do 
 mineering Eunuchs, and having born their ma 
 lice for fome time, and feeing no end of it, he 
 agreed, with an expert Gelder to caftrate him: fo 
 here are many in this Country , who profef 
 this Art, and are fo expert at it, that they wil 
 undertake to cuta man ofany Age, for fo many) 
 thoufand Cath asthe man is yearsold. °Tis report. 
 ed, that they firft put the Patient into a Sleep? 
 but how long they are curing him after the Ope 
 ration is over, I know not. I heard of but — 
 Mandarins of any grandeur in theGovernment,wh 
 were not Eunuchs. One was the Governor oJ 
 theEa?Province,whofe Daughter was married to@ 
 Prince ofthe Royal Family. The other two, whe 
 were Governors of Cachao, were alfo married meny| 
 and had Children, and one of thefe married thé) 
 KingsUCaughter.All theMandarins rule with abfoluté) 
 power and authority in their feveral precinéts, ye 
 in great obedience to the King, who is as abfoy 
 jute over them, as they are over the Commofl! 
 people. | | 
 Thefe Eunuch MJandarins efpecially live in great | 
 ftate. Many of thefe have command of the Soult 
 diery, and have Guards attending them at theif) 
 own Houfes: there being acertain number of Sok! 
 diers allowed to attend on each Mandarin, accords 
 ing tohis Quality. ‘They are generally covetous 
 beyond meafure , and very malicious. Some! 
 of them are Governors of Provinces, but all are 
 raifed to places of truft and profit. s 
 ‘Once every year the Mandarins receive an O 
 of Allegiance to the King, from allthe principal. 
 Office: 
 
APY Oe 4 RAE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 | T rials by bitter Water in Guinea. 83 
 _ Officers under them. This is done with great 4v.1683 
 Ceremony: they cut the Throat ofa Hen, and w= 
 let the Blood fall into a Bafon of Arack. Of this 
 rack every man has a {mall draught given him to 
 ink, after he has publickly declared his fincerity, 
 d readinefs to ferve his Prince. “Tis efteem’d the 
 ermneft.tye by whichany man can ingage himfelf. 
 This way of giving folemn potions to drink, is ufed 
 alfo in other Countries, on different occafions. As 
 tticularly, on the Gold Coa/t of Guinea ; where 
 hen Men or Women are taxed for a Crime, be 
 it of what nature it will, but efpecially Adultery, 
 and the matter cannot be proved by Evidence, 
 the Fetiffero or Prieft, decides the difference, by 
 ving a Potion of bitter water, to the perfon ac- 
 ufed: which if they refufe to take, they are fup- 
 fed to be guilty without farther proof: but if 
 ey drink it off, the event isfaid tobe, that if the 
 rfons be guilty, this water immediately {wells 
 eir bodies tili they burft ; buc if innocent, they 
 enot hurt thereby. What tricks the Fetiffero’s 
 ay play incompounding this water, Iknow not: 
 but this kind of Tryalis frequent among them, and 
 feems to be a remainder of the old’ ‘Fewifh Tryal 
 by the waters of jealoufy, fpoken ofin the sth 
 Chapter of Numbers. 1am not {ufficiently inform’d 
 hether the event of the Tryal , be fuch as it was 
 ong the Fews ; but it feems they have a ftrong 
 r{wafion of it:and a guilty perfon does ordinarily 
 fo dread the being brought to this Trial, that for 
 the moft part he or fhe. choofe rather to fufferthe 
 nifhment of the Country, which is to be fold to 
 wropeans as Slaves, This potion is called Bitter- 
 ater,and ‘tis given by way of Trial upon any light 
 “Wafpicion even of afmall injury. This account I 
 vhave had from feveral, who have been in Guixea, 
 but efpecially from Mr. Canby. 
 ~ Burtoreturnte the Eunuch Mandarins, thothey 
 Ware bitter Encmies to thofe whom they take 
 | Gaz averfion 
 
 
 
Seen SS ue gy te a a ee ee ere 
 
 84 
 
 4u.1688averfion againft, yet onthe other hand, they art 
 
 Sy 
 
 of people, efpecially the Adandarins, have them tip 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chop fticks to eat with, in Tonquin and China 
 
 as kind to their favorites, and as complacentto 
 their vifitants, whether Foreigners or others 
 feafting them often. They love mightily to b 
 vifited, efteeming themfelves highly honoure 
 thereby. When they treat any, they are be 
 pleafed, with thofe who eat and drink heartily 
 for this they fuppofe proceeds from. their Lovi 
 and hearty affection to them : and indeed the Ton 
 quineers in general are very free to their Vifitants 
 treating them with the beft cheer they are able t 
 procure. 4 
 ' In their entertainments, and at their ordinar 
 eating, inftead of Forks and Spoons, they ufe tw@| 
 {mall round fticks about the length and bignefs ¢ 
 a Tobacco-pipe. They hold them both in th 
 right hand, one between the fore-finger aut 
 thumb ; the other between the middle-finger ant 
 the fore-finger, as our Boys do their Snappers 
 They ufe them very dextroufly, taking up th 
 fmalleft grain of Rice with them ; nor is it accoun 
 ed mannerly to touch the food, after it is dref 
 with their hands: and tho it be difficule for ftra 
 gersto ufe them, being unaccuftom’d to ther 
 yet a littleufe will overcome that difficulty ; af 
 perfons that refide here onghtto learn this, as well 
 as other cuftoms of the Country, that are inn 
 cent, that fo their Company may be more accep 
 able. All the Tonquinefes keep many of thefe Sti¢ 
 in their Houfes, as well for their own ufe, as’ 
 entertain Strangers at meals: they are as ordin 
 rily placed atthe Table here, as Knives, Fork 
 and Spoonsate in Exgland: and a man that cannot) 
 Gextroufly handle thefe inftruments, makes bat 
 an odd figure at their Tables. The richer fot 
 
 with Silver. In China alfo thefe things are co 
 flantly ufed: they are called by the Enghih 
 m 
 

 
 
 
 hie 
 Ps 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 ae 
 
 antonnefs & bafenefs of the Enz. Mandarins. 
 _ men Chopficks, When the Euauch Mandarins dye, 
 all their riches fali to the King, who as Heir pre- 
 fently feizeth on their Eftaces, and by it gets vaft 
 Riches: for there is bur little money in the King- 
 om, but what falls into the clutches of thete 
 rds of prey. This probably may be one reafon 
 ny the King is for preferring none but 
 them ; for they are excellent Spunges for him : 
 ind whatever fome have faid of their Love to 
 luftice, I could never learn that they deferve that 
 Shara@er : but thro their oppreffion, and injuri- 
 yus dealings, trading is difcouraged,and the Country 
 skept poor,which otherwife might bea flourilhing 
 ingdom: After all, as very Eunuchs as thete 
 Mandarin; are, yet they are as great admirers of che 
 female Sex as any men, and not fatisfied without 
 ‘them, but they all keep feveral handfome young 
 Wenches todally and fpend their time withal. 
 They alfo love to be courted by Strangers to favour 
 ‘them with a Mifs of their procuring. Nothing 
 will ingage them more than to petition them’on 
 hisaccount; and the perfon thus follicited will 
 ot fail to procure a young Damfel for his Friend, 
 e ic but for a night or two, or for 4 or 5 months. 
 aver afterwards he will take a more than ordinary 
 are of the perfons he has thus brought together, 
 nd their affairs; and this bafe fort of Otfice is 
 lere accounted very decent and honourable. Yer 
 he common Baudy-houfes, thoextremly rife here, 
 re by ail ofthem accounted hateful and fcanda- 
 Dus. | 
 
 
 
 2 eat CHAP. 
 
 
 
 
 
 8§ 
 An i688 
 
 NaN ad 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cue P Vv. 
 
 Some Veffels fent from Cachaoto Tenan f 
 fetch Rice. A Rencounter with fome fup 
 posd Robbers. Cath, a fort of Coin, ant 
 Pearl-Oyfters. The Author's fecond Fourne 
 up to Cachao - Of the Pagoda’s and Fuuera 
 Lower and Feaft he met by the way. Th 
 
 French Bifhops and’ Miffouaries at Hean 
 their Houfe, the Author’ s entertainment there 
 and difcourfe with one of their Priefts. Th 
 
 _ ftate of their Miffion, and of Chriftianity, in 
 
 thefe Idolatrous Countries. His making 6 
 
 _ Gun-pomder. He goes on from Hean to Ca 
 chao, avd after a fhort [tay there, back agai 
 to the Ships. Of the improvements thai 
 might be made of our Englif Facory here, 
 The Author's departure from Tonquin. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a | Have already fpoken of my firft going up the 
 _ River to Cachao, and my returning back again | 
 tO our Ships after a few days. ‘There I lay om} 
 board for a great while, and fickly for the moft 
 pare ; yet not fo, but that Irook a Boat and went 
 afhoar one where or other almoft every day; and) 
 by this means I took’as particular notice as I coule 
 ef the Country, and have fupplied my own, 
 obfervations with thofe of our Merchants refidingy 
 there, and other perfons of judgment and inte) 
 Sty... 7 
 During this interval, Rice being dear at Cachao,” 
 as it had been for fome time, both our Merchants | 
 » and Natives were for making up a Fleet of {mall 
 its) . .  Veffelas 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mes 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r. Voyage to Tenan to fetch Rice. 87 
 | Veffels, to fetch Rice from the Neighbouring 4x.1688 
 Provinces, both for their own ufe and to fupply ~~“ 
 ' the Markets: and they never go in fingle Veilels, 
 for fear of Pirates , who infeft the Coafts with 
 their Canoas, and fhelter themfelves among feves 
 al little Iflands, lying at the edge of the Eaft- 
 rovince, and bordering upon the Province of 
 enan, whither thefe Merchants were bound. 
 Captain Weldon was one who concern’d himfeif 
 this expedition, hiring a Veflel and Seamen of 
 he Tonquinefe, and fending fome of his own men 
 ith them as a Guard,among whom I would very 
 in have gone, had Inot been indifpofed. Mr. 
 Ludford, who had liv'd fome time at Cachao before 
 our arrival, was another Undertaker, and went 
 himfelf on board the Bark he had hired ; but Cap- 
 in Weldon ftaid behind at the City, yet took care 
 to get a Commiffion from the Governour of the 
 Eaft-Province for his Veffel. In the Commiffion 
 “twas expreft, that his Boat fhould be armed with 
 Guns, or other Weapons, and that his men fhould 
 refift any that came to oppofe them, or any Vef- 
 ' felsin their company; and that they might kill 
 and deftroy any Robbers that they met with, 
 The paflage to Tenan lay molt within Land, thro 
 ‘Creeks and narrow Channels, among the [lands 
 before-mentioned, whichare fo many, and lye on 
 the Eaft-fide ofthe Bay fo thick together, and fo 
 nigh the fhoar, that at a fmall diftance off at Sea 
 they appearto be part of the main. ‘This little 
 Archipelago lies within the precinéts of the Gover- 
 nour of the Eaft-Province, from whom Captain 
 Weldon had his Commiffion, and who was a very 
 eo man in the Court of Tonquix, When the 
 Fleet came to this place, fome who lay here 
 came forth; and they concluded they muift be the 
 Pirates, come to feize their prey asat other times, 
 ~ Thefe always choofe rather to take che outward 
 p G4 bound 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 88 A Reucounier withfome fuppos'd Pirates, — 
 - An.1688 bound Veffels, becaufe then they have all of ther 
 “v~~ Calh or Money aboard to purchafe their Ladings | 
 but in their returns they would have only Riee, 
 which thefe people don’t fo much regard, 
 At this time Captain Weldon’s Dutch Pilot, they 
 chief man whom he fent in his Bark, wasaboard) 
 Mr. Ludford's: and when the fuppofed Pirates 
 came up, Mr. Ludford and he made the Seamen 
 row the Barkto meet them, and in a fhort time 
 got fonear, that they fired at them. ThefeMet 
 not expecting to have met fuch a reception, for the 
 Tonquinefe have no Guns, butin the Kings Gallies 
 thought to fave themfelves by Flight : but were 
 fo eagerly purfued by Mr. Ludford, that at laft 
 they yielded to hismercy, after they had loft one 
 man in fight. He joyful of this fuccefs fecured|| 
 
 the Prifoners,and made the beft of his courfe to the 
 next Town on the Coaft in his way ; there deli. 
  vering up his Prifoners to the Magiftrates, andl 
 giving a full relation of the AGion. He expedted 
 a reward for his pains, or at léaft to be highly apa! 
 plauded for ic; but found himfelf miftaken. Fog | 
 the Prifoners obftinately denying what was ala) 
 ledged againft them by Mr. Ludford, faying they 
 were poor Fifhermen, they were immediately ae 
 quitted as very honeft perfons, and Mr. Ludford 
 was accufed for committing a Riot on men who 
 were about their lawful occafions. Mr. Ludford 
 brought many of the Natives, that ‘were in his 
 comp any, to juftify what he had done, but to 
 no purpofe ; forhe was fined 100000 Cafh, as out | 
 ' Merchants call it, for the man that was killed)” 
 Cah are a {mall kind ofCopperMoney : and ’tis the 
 only Coin they have of their own, if it be their” 
 own, and not rather brought them from Ching 
 They rife and fallin value according to the want 
 or plenty ofthem, or as the Women-exchangers” 
 
 can manage them : but at this time“ they were at 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 as 100 Dollars. When Mr. Ledford faw how xn 
 ard it was like to go with him, he thought to 
 lear himfelf, or leffen his fine, by bringing Cap- 
 ain Weldon into the fnare ; faying that he had no 
 sunsin his Bark, butmade ufe of Captain Weldon’s, 
 ind that Captain Weldon’s Pilot was aboard hisVef.- 
 e], and affifted in the Aéion. But neither did 
 this help him :for upon trying the matter atCachao, 
 whither twas carried by Appeal, Captain Weldons 
 Commiffion faved him: fothat Mr. Ludford was 
 forced to pay the Money, which was more than 
 he got by the Voyage. This might be a warning 
 ‘to him, how he meddled with Tonquin Pirates 
 again ; for it was not enough for him to plead that 
 hey came with a intent to rob him. Indeed if he 
 jad been robb’d, he might have been pitied by 
 he Magiftrates on complaint of his misfortune: 
 t yet itis very probable, that if he fhou’d have 
 aken them in the very faét, poffeft of his goods, 
 thefe Vermin, would have had one hole or ano- 
 ‘ther to creep out at ; fo corrupt are the great men 
 ‘of this Kingdom. And indeed ’tis not improbable, 
 ‘that thefe fellows were Fifhermen, and going 
 about their bufinefs: for there is good Fifhing in all 
 theBay of7onquin clear round it,and there are many 
 )Boats that go out a fifhing and the Pifhermen are 
 Yegenerally very honeft and harmlefs men ; except 
 inow and then, they attempt tomake prize of fome 
 poor Veffel they meet, and can overcome by their 
 numbers without fighting ; for fuch an one they 
 board, and ftrip all the men naked even to there 
 Skin. Among thefe Iflands allo, by report, their 
 are plenty of Pearl Oyiters, that have good Pearls 
 in them; but the Seamen are difcouraged from 
 fhing for themby the King, for he feizeth on all 
 finds.But this by their way ; nor was any thing 
 fe obfervable in this Voyage to Tenaz, 
 © aaa finland si Thefe 
 
 
 
 
 
ART SA Aa ee ee 8 ly 
 Z 
 
 st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 90 Lhe Author's fecoud Fourney up toChacao. 
 4.1688 Thefe Veffels were 5 or 6 weeks intheir Voy- 
 “Y™ age to and from Tenan : and at their returnCaptai 
 
 Weldon's Bark went not up to Cachao with the Ricé 
 
 but unladed it into our Ship to fupply us. Soa 
 
 after this I went a fecond time up to Cachao, ni 
 
 in a Boat as before, but on foot along the Cou 
 
 try, being defirous to fee as much of it as I could 
 
 and I hired a Tonquinefe for about aDollar to be m 
 
 guide. This,tho but a fmall matter,was a great deg 
 
 out of my Pocket, who had not above 2 Dolla 
 
 in all, which I had gotten on board, by teachin 
 
 fome of our young Seamen Plain Sailing. 
 
 This was all I had to bear my own charges an 
 
 my Guide’s; and “twas the worfe with me, be 
 
 caufe I was forc’'d to make fhort Journeys every) 
 
 day, by reafon of my weaknefs ; It was about th 
 
 latter end of Nov. 1688, when we fet out. Wi 
 
 kept on the Eaft-fide of the River, where wi 
 
 found the Roads pretty dry, yet in fome place 
 
 dirty enough. We ferry’'d over  feveral| 
 
 Creeks and Brooks ‘running into the great Rivey 
 
 where are Ferry- boats always plying,which have @| 
 
 few Cafh for their fare. The Fever and Agug) 
 
 | which I brought with me from 4chin was gone® 
 | | yet the Fruits I eat here, efpecially the {mall} 
 | Oranges, brought me into a Flux. However, thd] 
 I was but weak, yet was I not difcouraged from 
 this Journey, being weary of lying {till, and impa 
 tient of feeing fomewhat that might further gram 
 tify my curiofity. | 
 We found no Houfes of Entertainment on the 
 Road, yet at every Village we came we got Houfes 
 room, anda Barbacue of {plit Bambooes to fleepy 
 on. The people were very civil, lending us amy 
 earthen Pot to drefs Rice, or any thing elfem 
 Ufually after Supper, if the day was not thut in, By 
 tooka ramble about the Village, to fee what wage 
 worth taking notice of, efpecially the Pagoda of 
 ‘ the 
 
 
 

 
 Funeral Tower and Feaft. 
 
 gi 
 
 Behe place. Thefe had the image of either an An.1688 
 
 “Horfe, an Elephant, or both, ftanding with the wy 
 
 head looking out of the doors: The Pagodas 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 it dark night before I returned to my lodging, 
 nd then I laid me down to fleep. My Guide 
 arried my Sea-gown, which was my covering in 
 the night, and my Pillow was a Log of Wood: 
 but I flept very well, tho the weaknefs of my 
 dy did now require better accommodation. 
 
 The third day after my fetting out , about 3 a 
 ock in the afternoon, Ifaw before me a {mall 
 ower ; fuch asI mentioned before, as erectedfor 
 time in honour of fome great perfon de ceafed. 
 But I knew not then the meaning ofit, for I 
 ad not feen the like before in the Country. As 
 ame nearer to it, I faw a multitude of people 
 moft of them Men and Boys; and coming nearer 
 ill, Ifaw agreatdeal of meat on the Stails, that 
 ere plac’d at a fmall diftance from the Tower. 
 This made me conclude that it was fome great 
 Market, and that the Flefh I faw was for fale: 
 
 
 
 o fee the Tower as to buy fome of the Meat for 
 Supper, it being now between 4 and ¢ a clock 
 the Afternoon. My Guide could nor {peak 
 glifh, neither could Ifpeak the Tonquinefe Lan- 
 age :So i askt him no queftions about it ; and he 
 oo went readily in with me; it may be not 
 knowing my intent was tobuy. Virftl went round 
 heTower and viewed it: It was four-fquare,each 
 de about 8 foot broad : at the ground the heighth 
 it was about 26 foot, but at the top fomewhat 
 rrower than atthe bottom. Ifaw no door to 
 nter into it: ic feemed to be very flighty built, 
 it leaft covered with thin boards, which were all 
 oyned clofe together, and painted ofa dark red- 
 hcolour. Ithen wenton to the Stalls, which 
 
 ve : Peay em had 
 
 hemfelves were but fmallandlow. I ftill made 
 
 herefore I went in among the Crowd, as well 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘An.1688 had Sheds built over them : and there I viewed the] 
 ~v—~ Fruits and Flefh, each of which was ranged in} 
 order apart. I paft by abundance of Oranges}. 
 packt up in Baskets, which I think were the] 
 faireft I ever faw, and for quantity more than 
 had feen gathered all the time I was at Tonqui 
 I paft by thefe, and feeing no other Fruit, I cam 
 to the Flefh-Stalls, were was nothing but Por 
 and this alfo was all cut into quarters and fide 
 _of Pork : I thought there might be 50 or 60 Hog 
 cut up thus, and all feem’d to be very good mea 
 When I faw that there was none of it in {ma 
 pieces, fit for my ufe, I,as was cuftomary in the 
 Markets, took hold of a quarter, and made figt 
 tothe Mafter of it, as 1 thought, to cut me 
 piece of 2 or 3 pound. I was ignorant of am 
 ceremony they.wereabout, but the fuperftition 
 people foon made me fenfible of my errour: fo 
 they aflaulted me on all fides, buffeting me an 
 renting my Cloaths, and one of them fnatche 
 away my Hat. My Guide did all he couldt 
 appeafethem, and drage’d me out of the Crowd 
 Yet fome furly fellows followed us, and feeme 
 by their countenance and geftures to threatel 
 me; but my Guide at lalt pacify’d theman 
 fetched my Hat, and we marched away as falta 
 we could. Icould not be informed of my Guidé| 
 what this meant ; but fometime after when I way 
 return to our Ship, the Gnuide’s Brother, who 
 {poke Englifh told me, it was a Funeral Feaft, and | 
 that the Tower was the Tomb which was to be 
 burned ; and fome Exglifh men who lived thee 
 told methe fame. ‘This was the only Funeral | 
 Feaft that ever I was at among them , and they 
 gave me caufe to remember it : but this was thé | 
 worft ufage I received from any of them all the 
 time that f was in the Country. When J was out 
 of this trouble, my Guide and I marched fom 
 
 wards 
 
 
 

 
 The Author's arrival againatHean. 8993 
 wards. I was both weary and hungry, andI 4.1688 | ; 
 
 think my appetite was raifed by feeing fo much “v™ 
 food : for indeed at firft fight of it I concluded to We 
 _have had a good Supper ; but now I was likely to 
 “fap only on Rice, or a Yam roafted, and two 
 Eggs, as Tus'dto do. For tho there were Fowls 
 o be bought at every houfe where I lay, yet my 
 pocket would not reach them; and for other Flefh, 
 here was none to be had, unlefs my way had lain ‘ 
 thro the Town when it was Market.day with 
 ‘them. : 
 | Twodays after this I got with much ado to 
 
 Hean, for my Flux encreafed, and my ftrength 
 decreafed. I prefently made towards the French 
 Bifhops, as the likelieft place for me both to reft 
 
 at, and get larger Informations of the Country, 
 rom the European Miffionaries, whofe feat it is. 
 The Bifhops Palace is a pretty neat low houfe, 
 “ftanding at the North end of the Town, by the 
 “fide of the River. *Tis encompafs’d with a pretty 
 high Wall, and has alarge Gate to enter at. The 
 _ Gate ftands fronting to the ftreet, and runs up 
 with houfes on both fides, and ends at the Palace. 
 Within the Wall there is a fmall yard, that goes 
 round the Palace ; and at the farther end of the 
 yard there are {mall lodging-rooms for the Ser- 
 |'vants, and other neceflary Offices. The honfe 
 | itfelf is not very large nor high ; it ftands not in 
 | the middle of the yard, but rather neareft the 
 "gate, which gate is open all day, but fhut in the 
 Pnight. That part that fronts the Gate, has a 
 pretty neat room, which feems to be defigned for 
 ' thereception of Strangers : for it has no communi- 
 ‘cation with any other room in the Hoafe, tho 
 
 a 
 3 
 ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ joyned toit as one building: the door by which 
 } you enter it fronts to the Gate, andthis door alfo 
 
 / Ttands open all the day. 
 ) joe When 
 
Fin oe eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 94° The French Bifhop's Houfe at Hean. 
 (An.t6gg When I came hither I entred the Gate, and 
 wy~ feeing no body in the yard, I went into that Roon 
 - Atthe doorthereof, Ifounda {mall Line hanging 
 down, which I pull’; and a_ Bell ringing 
 within, gave notice of my being there : yet a 
 body appearing prefently, I wentin and fat dows 
 There was a Table in the middle of the Room 
 and handfome Chairs, andfeveral European Pictur 
 hung upon the Walls. | 
 It was not long before one ofthe Priefts cam 
 into the Room to me, and received me verye¢ 
 villy. With him I hada great deal of difcourfe 
 he was a French Man by Nation, but {poke Spam] 
 and Portugue(e very well. It was chiefly in Spam 
 that we entertained each other, which I undet 
 ftood much better, thanI could {peak : yet I aski 
 him Queftions, and made a fhift toanfwer him @ 
 fuch queftionsas he asked me ; and when I was af 
 a lofs in my Spani(fh, Thad recourfe to Latin, having 
 ftiil fome fmatterings of what I learnt of ita 
 Schoolin my youth. He was very free ro talk wid 
 me, and firft asked memy bufinefs thither? I tol 
 him that my bufinefs wasto Cachao, where I ha 
 been once. before : that thenI went by Wate 
 but now I was moved by my curiofity to travé 
 by Land, and that Icould not pafsby any Europea 
 without a Vifit, efpecially {uch a famouws placeé 
 this, _He asked me many other queftions, am 
 particularly if [was a Reman Catholick? I told! 
 him no, but falling then into difcourfe about Ré 
 ligion, he told me what Progrefs the Gofpt 
 was like tomake in thefe Eaftern Nations. Fil 
 he began with the Nicobar Iflands, and told mé) 
 what-l have related of that matter, in the 17Chape! 
 ter of my Voyage round the World, page 177, for this | 
 was the perfon [ there quoted, and from whom] 
 had that Relation; ashe cold me he had ic from the 
 Friar, who wrote to him fro.n Fort St. George. But 
 that 
 
Mae ec ee peer Teen : al 
 eo j 
 
 | The A’s. Difcourfe with aFrench Miffionary. 95 
 that Friar having been a Paffenger in Captain 44,1688 
 Weldon’s Snip, from one of the Nicobar Iflands to ~~~ 
 Fort St. George, 1 askt the Captain’s opinion of that 
 relation, fince my writing that Book, and he gave 
 
 ‘Me a quite contrary account of the people of Ni- 
 
 cobar ; that they were a very perverfe, falfe, 
 thievith people, and did not deferve the good 
 character the Friar gave of them. 
 
 -_ But to proceed with the difcourfe I had with 
 
 the French Prieft at Heaw, He told me, that in 
 
 Siam the Gofpel was in a very fair way to receive 
 ‘incouragement by the means ofa French Bifhop 
 
 there, and feveral Ecclefiafticks he had with him 
 
 there to affift him: that the great Minifter of 
 
 State, Conftant Falcon, had embraced the Ro- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mijn Faith ; and that the King was very much 
 
 
 
 
 ‘inclined to it, the Courtiers alfo feeming well 
 ‘enough pleafed with it. Infomach that ‘twas 
 fhop'd, that ina fhort time the whole Nation 
 wouldbeconverted: and that tho the Country 
 people in general were againft it, yet by the ex- 
 ample of the King and his Court, the reft might 
 “come over by degrees: efpecially becaufe the 
 Priefts had free Toleration to ufe their endeavours. 
 is for Tonquin, he told me that the people in ge- 
 Neral were inclined to embrace the Cbriftian. Faith, 
 ‘but that the Government was wholly averfe to it : 
 that the Miffionaries who lived here did not open- 
 ly profefs to be Teachers of their do@rine, but 
 that they lived here under the notion of Mer- 
 chants, and not as Clergy-men ; that this was a 
 reat obftacle to Chriftianity, yet neverthelefs 
 hey found ways to draw the people from their 
 Agnorance : that at prefent they had about 14000 
 /Converts, and more coming in daily. He told 
 Me, that here were two Bifhops, I think both 
 French men; one of them was entitled the Bifhop 
 
 “of Afcalon, the other of Aran; and that here were 
 
 y 
 
 ae ten 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 96 
 
 3 
 
 . Of a fupreme Deity, might by~the induftry and 
 
 ‘An.1688 ten Priefts of Exrope,and three more of the Nativé 
 wv—~ of Tonquin, who had been ordain’d Popith Priefts 
 
 _ Mathematical Inftruments, of which the County 
 
 have been credibly informed that they are chief 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 State of the Miffions at Tonquin, &e: 
 
 But fince, I have been informed that thefe Frema 
 Bifhops were not fuffer?d to live at Cachao ; neithe 
 may they at any: time go thither without Licene 
 from the Governour ; and fuch a Licence all 
 muft be procur’d by the favour of fome Mandath 
 who lives at Cachao, for whom the Bifhop or othe 
 Miffionary is to perform fome trivial work | 
 other. For the Miffioners living here are purpolé 
 ly skill’d in mending Clocks, Watches, or fom 
 
 people are ignorant ; and this gives them the op 
 portunity of being often fent for to Cachao by tht 
 Mandarins: and when they are there, a {mall jo 
 that would not require above ¢ or 6 hours to pe 
 form, they will be twice as many days about) 
 pretending great difficulty in the work ; by whith} 
 means they take their liberty, privately to teatl 
 their Difciples that live there ; and then alfo che 
 enjoy themfelves with the Engli(h and Dutch Meé 
 chants, to whom they are always welcome. — 
 
 As to the Converts thefe people have made; 
 
 of the very poor people ; and that in the {cart 
 times, their Alnis of Rice have converted mote 
 than their preaching: and as tc thofe alfo wht 
 have been converted, as they call it, that is, @ 
 Beads and new Images,and belief in thePope,they 
 have fallen off again, as Rice grew plentiful, ame 
 would no longer be Chriftians than while t& 
 Priefts adminiftred food tothem. Yet I canné 
 think but that thefe people, who have fuch notiom 
 
 example of good men , be brought to embrace 
 the Chriftian Faich. But as things ftand at pres 
 fent, ic feems very improbable that Chriftianity” 
 fhould fructify there: for as the Englifh 
 
 10 
 ' 
 
 a. 5 
 Dutta 
 
 Obftacles to Chriftianity among the Idolaters. 97 
 Dutch in thefe parts of the world are too loofe 4.1688 
 Livers to gain reputation to their Religion, fo are ~Y~ 
 the other Exropeans, Imean the Miflionary Priefts, 
 efpecially the Porruguefe,but very blind Teachers. But 
 “indeedas theRomanifts are the oniy men who com- 
 
 “pafs Sea and Land to gain profelytes, fo they may 
 Seem to have one advantage overProte/tant Minifters 
 ‘inthefe Idolatrous Countries , that they pre- 
 ent them with fuch a kind of Objects, for Reli- 
 gious Worthip, as they have been ufed to already: 
 for the exchange is not great from Pagan Idols to 
 Images of Saints, which may ferve altogether as 
 well for the poor Souls they convert, who are 
 Te only by fence. But then even here alfo, 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘thefe people having been bred up in the belief of 
 the goodnefs of their own Gods. or Heroes, they 
 ‘will more hardly be brought over to change their: 
 ‘own idols for new ones, without fome better Ar- 
 uments to prove thefe to be more valuable, than 
 Miffionaries ordinarily are able to afford them : 
 ind if [ may freely {peak my opinion, I am apt to 
 nink, that the grofs Idolatry of the Papifts is ra- 
 er aprejudice, than advantage to their Miflions : 
 that their firft care fhould be to bring the 
 ple to be virtuous and confiderate, and their 
 t, togivethema plain Hiltory and Scheme of 
 ie fundamental Truths of Chriftianity, and fhew 
 hem how agreeable they are tonatural light, and 
 
 “how worthy of God. | 
 7 But toreturn to the French Prieft ; he at length 
 “asked me, if any of our Exglifh Ships brought Pow- 
 Mer to fell? Itold him I thought not. Then he 
 sked me ifl knew the compofition of Powder ? 
 Tanf{wer'd that I had receipts how to make either 
 nnon or fine Powder, and told him the manner 
 the Compofition. Said he, I have the fame 
 cipts from France, and have tryed to make 
 wder butcould not, and therefore J think the 
 H aul 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‘An 1688 fault is in our Coals. Then he asked me many 
 wVv~ queftions about the Coals, what were properto be 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Phe A. making of Gun powder. 
 
 ufed, but that I could not fatisfie him in. He des} 
 fired me to try to make a pound, and withal toldj} 
 me, that he had alltheingredients, and an engine | 
 to mix them. I waseafily perfwaded to try my 
 skill, which I had never yet tried, not knowing 
 what I might be put to before I got to England 
 and having drank a glafsor two of Wine with him, 
 
 went to work ; and it fucceeded fo well, that. 
 pleafed him extremely, and fatisfied my own dez) 
 fire of trying the Receipt, and the Reader hall} 
 have the Hiftory of the Operation, if he pleafes)) 
 He brought me Sulphur and Salt-Petre, and § 
 weighed a portion of each of thefe, and of Coal 
 I gathered upin the hearth, and beat to powder 
 While his man mixed thefe in a little Engine, ] 
 made a {mall Sieve of Parchment, which I pricked 
 fullof holes, with afmall Iron made hot, and this 
 wastocorn it. I had 2 large Arek Nuts to roul if 
 theSieve,andwork it thro the holes to corn it.Wheg 
 it wasdry we proved it,and itanfwered our expecta 
 tion. Lhe receipt I had out of Captain Svat 
 mey s Magazin of Arts. | : 
 
 ‘Lhe being fofuccefsful in this put me afterward 
 onthe ‘renewing of Powder at Bencouli, when F 
 wasthere Gunner of that Fort. There being 
 then about 30 Barrels damnified, which was like 
 mud , they took it out.of the Cask, and put it int 
 earthen Jars , thatheld about 8 Barrels a piect 
 Thefe they call Mortaban Jars, from a Town ( 
 that name in Pegu, whence they are brought an 
 carried all over India. In thefe ‘twas intended t 
 fend the Powder to Fort St. George, to be renewed 
 there: But I defired the Governour to let me 
 firft try my skill on it , becanfe we ha@ 
 bat litrle Powder, in the Fort, and might 
 have ; wanted before ny returns could 
 
) The As. departure from Hean. 99° 
 be ‘expected from thence. The Salt-petre 4n.1688 
 was funk to the bottom ofthe Jars, but I mixt it, —w~~ 
 _ and beat it altogether, and corned it with Sieves 
 which I made of my own old Parchment draughts. 
 Imade thus'8 Barrels full of very good Powder 
 before I went from thence. The French Prieft told 
 Mein conclufion, that the Grandees made all their 
 own Powder; and finceI have been informed, 
 ‘ a the Soldiers make Powder, as I have aiready 
 — faid. 
  Ifpent the remainder of the day in the Palace 
 with the Prieft. He told me that the Bifhop was 
 - well otherwife [ fhould havefeen him :and that be- 
 eaufe it was a Fifh day, I could not expea 
 fuch entertainment, as I might have had 
 on another day ; yet he ordered a Fowito 
 be broyled for my dinner, and I dined by my felf. 
 In the evening he fent me out of the Palace, de- 
 firing to be excufed, that he could not entertain 
 me all night: yet ordered his man to lodge me in 
 a Tonquine(e Chriftian Houfe not far from thence, 
 The people were civil, but very poor, and my 
 “Lodging fuch as I had met withon the Road. I 
 have fince been told, that the new Chriftans come 
 tO do their devotion in the Pallace at night, 
 for that reafon probably, I was fo foon dif- 
 ~ mift. | 
 _ Iwas now again pretty well refrefhed,and might 
 lave gone to Cachao City a foot: but fearing my 
 firength, I chofe to go by water. Therefore I 
 fent back my Guide: yet before he departed 
 back to our Ships, he bargained with a Tonquinefe 
 Waterman for my paffage to Cachao, | 
 The Tide not ferving prefently to imbark, 
 ‘TL walked about the Town, and ipent the 
 day in viewing it: in the evening I embarked, 
 | @ndthey choofe an evening for coolnefs, “ 
 mA HH 2 all 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4 
 : 
 
 An.1688all night. The Boat was about the bignefs.o 
 ~V~ Gravefend Wherry, and was ufed purpofely to carry 
 
 _ which daily encreafed, that I was fcarce able @ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 He goes by Boat up te Cachao.. a 
 ? 
 paffengers, having a {mall covering over-head to 
 keep them dry whenit rained. There were 4 org 
 more of thefe Boats, that went up this Tide fi 
 of Paflengers. Inour Boat were about 20 Me 
 and Women, befides 4 or 6that rowed us. Th 
 Women chofe their places, and fate by themfelve 
 and they had much refpeé& fhewed them : but chef 
 men ftowed clofe together, without fhewing any 
 re{pect more to‘one than to another, yet all very 
 civil. I throft in among the thickeft of them @ 
 firft, but my Flux would not fuffer me to reft long 
 ina place. About midnight we were fet afhot 
 to refrefh our felves at a Baiting place, whet 
 there were afew Houfes clofe by the Rivers fide 
 and the people up, with Candles lighted, Aratk 
 and Tea, and littleSpits of Meat, and other Pro 
 vifions ready dreft, to receive us. For thet 
 were all Houfes of entertainment, and probably 
 got their living by entertaining paflengers. We 
 itayed here about an hour, and then entred agai 
 on our Boat, androwed forwards. The paffe 
 gers {pent the time in merry difcourfe, or Singing, 
 after their way, tho to us it feems like crying ; bit 
 I was mute for want ofperfon I could conver} 
 with. About8 or 9 aClock the next day I wa 
 fer afhore : the reft of the paflengers remained 
 the Boat, but whither they were bound I know 
 not,nor whether the Boat went quite up to Cachah 
 1 was now 5 or 6 mile fhort of the City, but im@ 
 good path: forthe Land here was pretty high, I 
 vel and Sandy, and the Road plain and dry, and! 
 Treached Cachaoby Noon. I prefently we 
 one Mr. fowyers Houle, who was a free Merc 
 with whom Captain Weldon lodged ; and_ 
 with them a few days: but fo weak with my F 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Two Bells to be fent from Tonquin to Siam. 
 
 ‘this place. This my weaknefs, joyned with my 
 -difappointment, for I found that Iwas not like to 
 be imployedin any Voyage to the Neighbouring 
 ‘Countries, as it had been propofed to me, made 
 me very defirous of returning back again, as {oon 
 asmight be : and it happened opportunely, chae 
 | Captain Weldon had by this time done his bufinefs, 
 and was preparing for his departure. 
 ~ Iwenttherefore down the River again to our 
 Ships, in a Veffel our Merchants had hired, to 
 ¢arry their Goods aboard from Cachas, Among 
 ‘other freight, there were 2 Bells of abouc 
 _s00 weight each, which had been caft at Cachao by 
 the Tonquinefe, for my Lord Fascon, the King of 
  Siam’s chief Minifter of State, and forthe ufe of 
 ~ fome of the Chriftian Churches in Siam. The per- 
 ~ fon who befpoke them and was to carry them was 
 Captain Brew/fer, who had not very long before 
 come from Siam in aShip of that Kings, and had 
 been caft away on the Coaft of Tonquin, but had 
 faved moft of his Goods. With thefe he traded at 
 Cachao, and among other goods he had purchafed 
 to return with to Siam, were thefe 2 Bells, all 
 whichhe fent down to be puton board Captain 
 eldon's Ship. But the Bark was no fooner come 
 © Hean, in going down the River, but the Gover- 
 r of Heans Officers come on! board theBark and 
 zed the2 Bells in behalf of the chief of che 
 glifh Factory; who underftanding they were de- 
 ned for the King of Siam, which they were not 
 fo fure of asto the reft of the gcods, and the En. 
 lifh being then at War withthe Siamers, he made 
 this his pretence for feizing them, and got the 
 overnor to aflift him with his Authorivy : and 
 the Bells were accordingly carried albore, and 
 pt at Hean, This was thought a very ftrange 
 Hy action. 
 
 go about ; and fo was forced to learn by others , 4.1688 
 a great meafure, feveral particulars relating to —-~~ 
 
202 
 
 47.1688 aGion of the chief of the Faétory, to feize Goot 
 ~“v™~ as belonging to the King ofSiam, while they 
 
 _ ought not{to runjinconfideratly into new difcoverig 
 
 ~ 
 
 ee ee ee ee ee Le ee OS. 
 —— 7 < i 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Opportunities of Trading to Japan. 
 
 in a River of Tonquin: but he was a perfon 
 meanly qualified for the ftation he was in. Indeg 
 had he beena man of Spirit, he might have been 
 ferviceable in getting a Trade with fapan, whith 
 is averyrich one, and much coveted by the Eaf 
 erm people themfelves,-as well as Exropeans. For 
 while I was there, there were Merchants came 
 every year from ‘fapan to Tonquin ; aud by fome d 
 thefe our Englifh Factory might probably have ret 
 tled a Correfpondence and Traffick. ‘But he why 
 Waslittle qualified for the ftation he was in, wa 
 lefs fit for any new undertaking: and tho 
 
 Or undertakings, yet where there is a profpect @ 
 profit, Ithink it not amifs for Merchants to ti 
 for a Trade: for if our Anceftors had been as dull 
 as we have been of late, “tis probable we had né 
 ver known the way fo much as to the Eaf Indu 
 but muft have been beholden to our Neighbours, 
 for all the Produ@of thofe Eajftern Nations. Wh ] 
 care was formerlyytaken to get us aT rade into thel| 
 Indies, and other Countries? what painsparticularly 
 did fome take to find out the AZucovites by doubling 
 the North Cape, and a way thence by land Trade 
 into Perfia? but nowas if we were cloyed with 
 Trade, we fic ftill contented, faying with Cato, 
 Now minor eff virtus quam quarere partatueri, This 
 was the faying of an eminent Merchant of the 
 Eaft India Company to me: but by his leave, out 
 Neighbours have incroached on us,and that in out | 
 times too.. However ’tis certainly for the intereft 
 of our Merchants, to imploy fit men in theirFado: | 
 ries, fince the reputation of the Company rifeth 
 or falls by the difcreet management, or illconduct, 
 of the Agents. Nor is it enough for the chief of 4 ' 
 Factory to be a good Merchant, and an honeit 
 Waee te wee ate Noe te ea a 
 
Of Trade to China, Cochincina, Champa, cc. FO? 
 man: for though thefe are neceffary qualifications, 47.1688 
 yet the Governor, or chief of the Fa@ory ought ~w~ 
 to know more than barely how tobuy, fell, and 
 “keep accounts. Efpecially where other European 
 _ Merchants refide among them, or Trade to the 
 fame places ; for they keep adiligent Eye on the 
 “management,of our affairs, and are alwaysready to 
 “take all advantages of our mif-improvements. INei- 
 ther ought this care to be negleted where we 
 have the Trade to our felves, for there ought to 
 _bea fair underftanding between us and the Na- 
 ’ tives, and care taken that they fhould have no 
 reafon to complain of unjuft dealings, as I could 
 _ JShew where there has been ; but ’tis an invidious 
 ~ fubje@,and all chat I aim at is to give a caution,But 
 - tothe matter in hand, it feemed to me that our 
 Factory at Tonquin might have got a Trade with 
  fapan: and to China as much as they pleafed. I 
  ‘confefs the concinual Wars, between Tonquin and 
 Cochinchina, were enough to obftrud& the defigns of 
 _ making a Voyage to this laft: and thofe otherplaces 
 _ ofChampa andCambodia,as they arelef$ known,{o was 
 it moreunlikely ftill to make thither any profitable 
 _ Voyages: yet poffibly the difficulties here alfo are 
 “not fo great, buc refolution and |induftry would 
 _ overcome them ; and the profit would abundantly 
 _compenfate the trouble. 
 - Butto proceed, we found there was no reco- 
 vering the Bells: fo we fell down from Hean 
 to our Ships: and Captain Weldon coming to 
 us in a few days and Captain Brew/fer with 
 him, to go as a Paffenger in his Ship, toge- 
 ther with one or two more; andthe 2 Ships who 
 _ Came with usbeing alfo ready for their departure, 
 _ we all weighed anchor, and took leave of Tonquin, 
 
 4 | CH AP, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Author's departure fron Tonquin. 
 
 
 
 CH Aes Vi. 
 
 _ They fet fail out of the Bay of Tonquin. Of| 
 _ the R. and Country of Cambodia =: of Chit] 
 nefe Pirates fettled there, and the Buggafle 
 a fort of Soldiers under the Kung of Siam, 
 both routed by the Englith ix his fervice. They 
 
 pafs by Pulo Condore, are in fear of thet 
 King of Siam, avd enter the Streights of 
 Malacca by Brewers Streights. They arride| 
 at Malacca. The Story of Captain Johnfong| 
 his buying a Veffel at Malacca, and going putt 
 to Bancalis, 2 Town on the oppofite Coaft 
 Sumatra, to buy Pepper. His Murder b 
 the Malayans there, and thenarrow efcape of 
 his Men and Veffel. The State of Trade i 
 thofe parts, and the Reftraint put uponi, 
 Captain Yohnfon’s Veffel brought to Malacca 
 by Mr. Wells. Ihe Authors departure frot 
 Malacea, and arrival at Achin. 
 
 > 
 
 : ie was the beginning of February 1688 when we 
 at left this Country. We went over the Bar4 
 Shipsin Company , the Raizbow Captain Pool Com: 
 mander bound By London, and Captain Lacy if 
 the Saphire bound for Fort St. George, and I wasifl | 
 Captain Weldons Ship the Curtane, bound thither 
 allo, We kept Company fome time after our de 
 parcure from Tongvin, and having an Eafterly_ 
 Wind we kept more to the middle of the Bay oF | 
 Tonquin, or towards the Eaftern fide, than when 
 we enired: by which means we had the opportik 
 nity of founding as wellin the middleof rhe Bay 
 
 E53 
 

 
 R. and K. of Cambodia, its produd. 105 
 
 “Dow, as we hadon the Weft fide of it, at our co- 4, 1688 
 ming into the Bav. ; 
 ~ Coming out ef the Bay of Tonquin, we ftood 
 away Southward, having the Sholes of Prace/ on 
 our Larboard, and the Coafts of Cochinchina, Cham- 
 a, and Cambodia on our Starboard. I have juft 
 entioned thefe Kingdomsin my former Volume ;_ 
 d here I have but little to fay of them, having 
 fy failed by them. But not altogether to fail the 
 eaders expectation, I hall give a brief 
 account of one or two particulars relating to Cam- 
 dia: foras to Champa, Ihave nothing material 
 {peak ; and Cochinchina, I have already fpoken of 
 in this Volume, as I went to Tonquin. 
 The Kingdom ofCambodia feems to be much fuch 
 kind of Country within Land, as the lower 
 arts of Tonquin: low Land, very woody, and little 
 habited, lying on each fide a great River, chat 
 omes from the North a great way, and falls into 
 e Sea over againft Pulo Condore. 1 know not the 
 articular produa& of Cambodia, but in the Veffels 
 mentioned in my former -Vol. p. 399. as taken at 
 Palo Uby, and which came thither from Cambodia ; 
 ‘there were befides Rice,Dragons Blood, Lack, in’ 
 reat Jars,but it lookt blackifh and thick ; and the 
 ellow purging Gum, which we from thence call 
 ambodia, in great Cakes, but I know not whence 
 ‘they get it. This River and Kingdom (if it be 
 one) is but lictle known toour Nation: yet fome 
 aglifh men have been there ; particularly Captain 
 Williams and Captain Howel, the jaft of whom I 
 “came acquainted with fome time after this at Fort 
 St.George, and £ had of him the following account, 
 “the particulars of which I have alfo had confirmed 
 _ by the Seamen who were with them. 
 Thele two Captains, with many more Englifh 
 men, had been for fome time in the fervice of the 
 King of Siam, and each of them iia 95 a 
 , FOuE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
os 
 
 106  ~—Chinefe Pirates iv the R. of Cambodia. 
 Ay 1688ftout Frigot of his, mann’d chiefly with Englifh, and 
 wv~ fome Portuguefe bornat Siam. Thefe the Kingof 
 Siam {ent againft fome Pyrates, who made 
 of his Subjects Tradingin thefe Seas, and 
 ed themfelves inanIfland up the River of Cambo 
 Captain Howe! told me, that they found thi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 70 Leagues up, and that its depth and widengl 
 extended much further up, for ought he knews 
 but fo.far they went up, at thistime, with thet 
 Ships. The Courfe of the River is generally from 
 North to South : and they found the Land low o 
 each fide, with many large creeks and branché 
 and infome places confiderable Iflands. They 
 bended their Courfe up that branch which feemd 
 moft confiderable, having the Tyde of flood with 
 them, and the River commonly fo wide, as tt 
 give them room to turn, or make Angles, whem 
 the bending of the River was fuch, as to received 
 contrary Eaft, or South Eaft Sea Wind. Theleg 
 reaches or bendings of the River Eaft and Wel 
 were very rare ; at leaft fo as to make their Courl 
 be againft the Sea wind, which commonly blew 
 in their Stern, and fo frefh, that with it they could 
 ftem the Tyde of Ebb. But in the nighe when 
 the Land winds came, they anchored, and lay 
 itill till about 10 or 11 a Clock the next day, a 
 which time the Sea-breeze ufually fprang up agaif, 
 and enabled them to continue their Courfe, til 
 they came to the Ifland, where the Pirats inha-| 
 bited. They prefently began to fire at them, and 
 Janding their men, routed them, and burned theif | 
 Honfes and Fortifications, and taking many pte 
 - foners returned again. | y 
 _ Thefe Piratical; People were by Nation Ching, 
 who when the Zartars conquered their Countr 
 fled from thence in their own Ships ; as choo 
 hi ra 
 
 
 

 
 The Pirates carried to Macao iz China. © 
 
 their Courfe towards this Country, and finding 
 _ the River of Cambodia open before them, they made 
 _ boidto enter, and fettle on the Ifland before men- 
 
 tioned. There they built a Town, and fenced it 
 
 round about with a kind of Wood-pile, or Wall of - 
 
 "great Timber Trees laid wie: of the thicknefs of 
 3.0r 4 of thefe Trees, and o 
 
  sheighth. They were provided with all forts of 
  Plantersinftruménts, and the Land hereabouts was 
 excellent good, as our Englifh men told me, fo 
 that ’tis like they might have lived here happily 
 _ enough, had their inclinations led them to a quiet 
 - Life: but they brought Arms along with them, 
 and chofe to ufe them, rather than their Inftru- 
 -ments of Husbandry : and they lived therefore 
 _ moftly by rapin, pillaging their Neighbours, who 
 " were more addiéed to traffick than fighting.But the 
 ‘King of SiamsSubjeas having been long harrafled 
 by them at Sea, he firft fent fome Forces by 
 Land, to drive them out of their Fort : till not 
  fucceeding that way, he entirely Routed them by 
 ~ fending thefe 2 Ships up the River. The 2 Enghfp 
 - Captains having thus effe@ed their bufinefs, re- 
 turned out of the River with many Prifoners : but 
 the South Weft Monfoon being already fetin, they 
 could not prefently return to Siam, and therefore. 
 went to Macao in China; as well to wait for the N. 
 Eaft Monfoon; as to ingratiate themfelves with 
 the Tartars, who they thought would be pleafed 
 " with the Conqueft, which they had made over 
 ~ thefe Chinefe Pyrates. They were well entertained 
 there by the Tartarian Governor, and gave him 
 their Prifoners: and upon the fhifting of che 
 Monfoon, they returned to Siam. There they 
 were received with great applanfe. Nor was 
 
 Bes 
 
 " this the firft fuccefsful expedition the Evg/ifh have 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pst 
 
 
 
 about as, many in > 
 
 eeue 
 
 
 
 107 
 
 rather to live any where free, than to fubmit to An.1 688 
 the Tartars. Thefe ic feems in their flight bent wy 
 
i ya Aged SS ceria Nal ae RE) oa otal We gene eee pp ne pee ie. BAe ee) eee See 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 108 The Buggaffes, a fort of Free-booters. 
 
 “An, 1688 made in the K. of Siams fervice. They once faved 
 
 the Country, by fuppreffing an infurrection made 
 
 by the Buggaffes. The Buggaffes are a fort of ware 
 
 like Trading Malayans, and mercenary Soldiers of) 
 
 india : 1 know not well whence they come, unlefg 
 
 from Macaffer in the Ifland Celebes. Many of them 
 
 - had been entertained at Siam in the Kings fervicey) 
 
 but at laft being difgufted at fome ill ufuage, they) 
 
 ftood up in their own defence. Some hun: 
 
 dreds of chem got together, all well armed: and) 
 
 thefe ftruck adread into the hearts of the Siamites 
 
 none of whom were able to ftand before them 
 
 till Contant Falcon the chief Minifter, Commanded} 
 
 the Englifh that were then in the Kings fervice tj 
 
 march againft them, which they did with fuccels 
 
 tho with fome confiderable lofs. For thefe fervice 
 
 the King gave every year to ecachofthem, 4 
 
 great Silk Coat, on,which were juft 12. Buttons) 
 
 Thofe of the chief Commanders were of Mafly 
 
 Gold, and thofe of the inferiour Officers were of 
 
 Silver Plate. This Expedition againft the Chinefe Pi 
 
 | fats wasabout the year 1687 :the other broy] with 
 
 | the Buggaffes was, as I take it, fome time before 
 
 } But to proceed with our Voyage, we {till kepé) 
 
 | - our way Southward, and in company together 
 
 ' till we came about Pulo Condore: but then Captaifl 
 
 Pool parted from us, ftanding more directly Southy | 
 for the Streights of Swndy: and we fteerd more 
 
 the Weftward, to go throthe Streights of Malacca | 
 
 thro which we came before. Captain Brew/le 
 
 and another of our Paffengers began now to be iff | 
 
 fear that the King of Siam would fend Ships t0/| 
 
 lye at che Mouth of the Streights of Malacca, and 
 
 intercept our paffage, becaufe there was a Waf | 
 
 breke out between the Englifh Eaft India Company | 
 
 and that Prince. This feemed the more likelyy 
 
 becaufe the Fre:ch at this time were imployed if 
 
 that Kings fervice, by the means of a French Bilh 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The A. enters the Streights of Malacca. 
 
 ntereft they had: got in Conffant Falcon, Particu- 
 larly they were afraid, that the King of Siam would 
 fend the 2 Ships before mentioned, which Captain 
 Williams and Capt Howel had commanded a little 
 before,to lye at the weft end of theStreights mouth; 
 ‘but probably mann’d with French Men and French 
 ' Commanders,to take us. Now tho this made but 
 | little impreffion on the minds of our Commanders 
 and Officers, yet it fo happened that we had fuch 
 © thick dark weather, when we came near the firft 
 ~ Entrance of theStreights of Aalacca,which was that 
 » we came by, and by which we meant to return, 
 » that wethoughe it not fafe to ftand in at night,: 
 » and fo lay by till morning. The nextday wefaw — 
 ' aJonk to the. Southward, and chafed her ; and 
 having {poke with her we made fail, and ftood to 
 ) the Weftward to pafs the Streights ; and making 
 )the Land, we found we were to the Southward of 
 the Streights firft mouth, and were gotten to the 
  Southermoft Entrance,near the Swmatra fhore: but 
 | Captain: Lacy, who chofe to go the old way, made 
 ) fail again to the Northward, and fo paffed nearer 
 » the Malacca fhore by the Sincapore, the way we 
 ' went before.. His was alfo the beft and neareft 
 way: but Captain Weldon was willing to fa- 
 tisfie his curiofity, and. try a new ~ paflage : 
 ' which we got thro, tho we had bat little depth of 
 ' water: and this Entrance we paft is called Brewers 
 | Streights. 6 at 
 |. Brewers Streights are fometimes pafled by {mall 
 © Ships, that fail from Batavia to Malacca, becaute 
 » for them it isanearer cut, than to run fo far as 
 ) PuloTimaon, or the Streights of Simcapore. In this 
 Channel, thoin fome places. we found but 14 or 
 ‘15 foot water, yet the bottom was foft Oaze : and 
 ;t lies fo among Iflands, that there cannot go a 
 great 
 
 — 
 
 and other Ecclefiafticks ; who were ftriving to con- 4.1688 
 ert the King and people to Chriftianity, thro the s~ 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 110 The A. arrives at Malacca. a 
 ‘An, t6g8eréat Sea, Captain Weldon had alfo a Dutch matt | 
 ““v™ aboard who had been this way, and he profeffing | 
 
 - t0 know the Channel, incouraged our Captain to |. 
 try it, which we effected very well, cho fometimes) | 
 we had but little more water than wedrew. This 
 made us make but an eafy Sail, and therefore” 
 we were 7 or 8 days before we arrived at Malacca ¢ 
 
 but Captain Lacy was there 2 or 3 days before | 
 
 us. | 
 Here we firft heard of the Death of Conftant) 
 Falcon, for whom Captain Brew/ter feemed to bé 
 much concerned. There alfo we found, befides| 
 feveral Dutch Sloops, and our Companion Captain | 
 Lacy, an Englifh Vefiel of 35 or 40 Tuns. This 
 Vetlel was bought by one Captain Fobufon, who 
 was fent by the Governor of Bencouli, in ay 
 {mall Sloop,to Trade about the Ifland of Sumatra for’ 
 Pepper : but Captain Fobn/on being killed, the Sloop” 
 was brought hither by one Mr. Wells. 5 | 
 Being thus infenfibly fallen into the menticn of 
 this Captain Fobnfon ; and intending to defer what 
 little Thave to fay of Aéalacca, till my coming thi- 
 | ther again from Achin : I fhall beftow the reft of 
 this Chapter in {peaking of this mans Tragedy, and | 
 | other occurences relating toit,which tho of no great 
 | moment in themfelves,yet theCircumftances I thall] f 
 have occafion to relate with them, may be of ufe” 
 | to the giving fome {mall light into the ftate of the) 
 | oppofite Coaft of Sumatra, which was the Scene of © 
 what Iam goingtofpeak of: for tho I fhall 
 | have other occafion to {peak of Achin and Bencouli, 
 yet [ fhall not have opportunity to fay any thing” 
 | of this part oft hat Ifland,oppofite to Malacca, unlefs~ 
 : 
 
 H 
 q 
 
 I do it here. To go on therefore with his Story, it 
 feems Captain Fobnfon was part owner of the {mall | 
 BencoolySloop: but thinking it too fmall for histurn, 
 hecame toMalacca,intending to buy alargerSloop of — 
 the Dutch, ifhe could light on a bargain.He had ie 4 
 
 elt 
 
 
 
me 
 
 «OF Capt. Fohnfon avd Mr Wells. 1if 
 beft part of a thoufand Dollars in Spanifh money 4n.1688 
 aboard, for which one may purchafe a good -v~~ 
 Sloop here : for the Dutch,as I have before obferv'd, 
 
 do often buy Proe-bottoms for a finall matter, of 
 the Malayans, efpecially of the people of ‘Fibore, 
 and convert them into Sloops, eitherfor their own 
 ile, orto fell. Of thefe fort of Veffels therefore 
 the Dutch men of Malacca have plenty, andcan 
 afford good pennyworths, and doubtlefs it was for 
 this reafon that Captain ‘fohnfimn came hither to 
 purchafe a Sloop.Here he met with a bargain, not 
 fuch a Proe-bottom reformed, but an old ill fhaped 
 thing, yet fuch a one as pleafed him. The Dutch 
 man who fold him this Veffel told him withalthat / 
 the Government did not allow any fuch dealings 
 with the Englifh, tho they might wink at it: and 
 that therefore the fafeft way for them bothto keep 
 ‘Out of trouble, would be to run over to the other 
 fide the Streights, to a Town called Bancalis on 
 Sumatra; where they might fafely buy and fell, or 
 xchange without any notice taken of them. Cap- 
 tain ‘fobnfon accepting the offer, they failed both 
 together over to Bancalis, a Malayan Town on that 
 Coaft, commanding the Country about it. There 
 ey came to an anchor, and Captain ‘fohn/cn 
 ‘Paying the price agreed on forthe Veffel, he had 
 er delivered tohim. The Dutchman immediately 
 feturned overto Malacca again, leaving Captain 
 Wfobnfon with 2 Veffels under his Command, zz. 
 ‘the Sloop that he brought from Benceoly, and this 
 “hew bought Veffel. The Bencooly Sloop he fent — 
 ‘into a large River hard by, to Trade with the 
 “Malayans for Pepper, under the Command of Mr. 
 Well;. He was no Seaman, but a pretty intelligent 
 perfon, that came firft out of England as a Soldier, 
 to ferve the Eaf India Company in the Ifland Santa 
 Helena He lived fometime very meanly in thatIiland: 
 “but havingan afpiring mind, he left that poor, but 
 healthy 
 
 i ia 
 a 
 
 = 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sa Veer eee NS eee SS eee ee ae Py eRe Dees Ne; ek Gad . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ¥12 Lafcar’s, and other Seamen in the Eat Indie 
 An1688 healthy place,toferve the Company at Bencooly;whi 
 #\~ tho ‘tis accounted the moit unhealthy place of a1 
 that we Trade too, yet the hopes of preferme 
 engaged him to remove thither. After fome fi 
 there, he was fent with Captain Fobnfon to affiltt 
 him in chis Pepper expedition ; more becaufe he 
 could ufe his Pen, than his Hands in Sea fervi¢ 
 He had 3 or 4.raw Seamen with him, to wok 
 the Sloop up into the River.. Captain ‘Fobnj 
 ftayed near Rancalss to fit his new Veilel: for wit 
 other neceffaries fhe wanted a new Boltfprigl) 
 which he intended to cuthere, having a Carpent 
 with him for that purpofe ; as alfo to repair af 
 fither to hismind. Hehad alfo a few other ra 
 Seamen, but fuch as would have made bett 
 TLandmen, they having ferved the King of Siam 
 Soldiers: and they were but lately come fro} 
 - ghence with the French, who were forced tg lea 
 that Country. But here in the Indies, our Engh 
 are forced for want of better, to make ufe of a 
 Seamen fuch as they can get, and indeed a 
 Merchants are often put hard to it for want 
 Seamen. Here are indeed Lafcars or Indian Seame 
 enough tobehired ; and thefe theyoften make u 
 of : yet they always covet an Exglifh man or ai 
 Veffel to affift them. Not but that thefe Lafe 
 are fome of them indifferent good Sailers, af 
 might do well enough: but an Englifh man willl 
 accounted more faithful, to be employed on m 
 tersofmoment ; befidethe more free Converfatic 
 that may be expected from them, during the tefl 
 ofthe Voyage. So that tho oft times their Engh 
 men are but ordinary Sailers, yet they are pm 
 moted to fome charge of which they could noth 
 fo capabie any where but in the £aft Indies. The 
 Scamen would be ina manner wholly ufelefs mm 
 Europe, where wemeet wich more frequent. afi 
 hard ftorms, but here they ferve indifferent wall 
 

 
 
 
 — Capt. Johnfon as killed by the Malayans. 113 
 
 ‘enough of that. 
 ~ Mr. Wells being gone to purchafe Pepper, Capt. 
 Fobnfon went afhore about 5 or 6 leagues from Ban- 
 ‘calis Town with his Carpenter, to cut a Bolrfprit ; 
 there being there plenty of Timber Trees fit for his 
 ‘purpofe. He foon chofe one to his mind, and 
 ‘cat itdown. Heand his Carpenter wrought on 
 itthe firft and fecond days without moleftation. 
 ‘The 3d day they were both fet upon by a band of 
 ‘armed Malayans, who killed them both. In the 
 ‘€vening: the Sailers who were left aboard, lookt 
 ‘out for their Commander to come off: but night 
 approached without fecing or hearing from him. 
 ‘This put’ them in fome doubt of his fafety ; for 
 they were fenfible enough, that the M/alayans that 
 ‘inhabited thereabouts were very treacherous: as 
 ‘indeed all of them aré, efpecially thofe who have 
 but lictle Commerce with Strangers: and there- | 
 fore all people ought to be very ‘careful in dealing 
 With them, fo as to give them no advantage ; and 
 then they may Trade fafe enough. 
 There were but 4 Seamen aboard Captain ‘fobn- 
 toms Sloop. Thefe being terrified by the abfence 
 ‘of their Commander, and fufpecting the truch, 
 ‘Were now very apprehenfive oftheir own fafeties. 
 ‘They charged their Guns, and kept themfelves 
 ‘0M their guards expecting to be affaulred by the 
 Malayans. They had2 Blunderbufles, and 3 or 4 
 “Muskets: each man took one in his Hand, witha 
 @aduce box at his wafte, and looked out fharp for 
 Warofan Enemy. While they were thus on their 
 ‘guard, the Afalayans in 6 or 8 Canoes, came very ~ 
 filently to attack the Sloop. They were about 40 
 Or 56 men, armed with Lances and Crefles. The 
 darknefs of the night favonr’d their defigns, and 
 mey were even aboard before the Seamen per- 
 @ived them. Then thefe began to Fire, and the 
 “a I Enemy 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PE age 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 efpécially to go and come with the Monfoons; but 47.1688 
 Ce a 
 
 
 

 
 n.1688 Enemy darted their Lanccs aboard, and boardi r 
 ev the Veffel, they entered her over the Prow. Th 
 
 Ve i ek ae See ne nn Le yr) Ae Ty 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 His Men make a brave defence. 
 
 Seamen refolutely defended her, and drove them 
 overboard again. Of the 4 Seamen, 2 were def | 
 perately wounded in the firft attack. The Mala 
 ans took frefh Courage and entered again ; and the 
 2 Seamen who were not wounded, betook then, 
 {elves to clofe quarters in the Steerage ; and therg} 
 being Loop-holes to fire out at, they repulfed thé) 
 Malayans again, forcing them into. their Canoag, 
 Their bellies being now pretty full, they returned) 
 afhore, without hopes of conquering the Sloop. The! 
 poor Seamen were ftill in fear, and kept watch all 
 night; intending to fell their lives as dear as_ they 
 could, if they had been attacked again. For 
 they might not, neither didthey expe quarte 
 from thefe Salvage Malayans: but they were 
 more affaulted. Thefe two that were wounde 
 dyed in a fhort time. ii 
 
 The next day the 2 Seamen got up their anche 
 and run as nigh the Town of Bancalis as they could) 
 ic may be within halfa mile. There they aft 
 chord again, and made figns for the People| 
 come aboard. It was not long before the Shab 
 der or chief Magiftrate of the Town came off 3} 
 him they told all their misfortunes, and defired hit] 
 to protect them, becaufe they were not of fufficient 
 ftrength to hold out againft another attack, TH 
 Shabander feemed very forry for what had hapnegj| 
 and told them withal, that he could not hep 
 what was paft, for that the People that did it weit 
 wild unruly Men, not fubje& to Governmeil) 
 and that it was not in his power to fupprefs them! 
 bat that aslong as they lay there fome of his mea 
 fhould lye aboard to fecure the Ship, and he, 1 
 the mean time, would fend a Canoa to their cd 
 fort Mr. Wells, to give him an account how thing 
 went. Accordingly he left 10 or 12 of hiso 
 
i The Pepper Trade in thefe parts. TIs 
 Malayans aboard the Bark, and fent a Letter writ- 4n.1688 
 ten by the Seamen to Mr. Wells ;: who was, as ~V~ | 
 Thave faid, dealing with the Natives for Pepper, 
 in a River at fome diftance. 
 - Ie was 2 or 3 days before Mr. Wells came to them. 
 -Hehad not then receivedthe Letter, and therefore 
 they fufpected the Shabander of falfhood ; tho 
 _ his men were yet very kind, and ferviceable to the 
 2Seamen. Mr. Wells had heard nothing of their 
 difafters, but returned for want of Trade ; at leaft 
 fach a full Trade “as he expected. For tho here is 
 epper growing, yet not fomuch as might allure 
 “any one to feek afterit: for the Dutch are fo near, 
 that none can come to Trade among them but by 
 their permiffion. And tho the Natives themfelves 
 were never fo willing to Trade with any Nation, 
 asindeedthey are, yet the Dutch couldfoon hin- 
 der it, even by deftroying them, ifin order to it 
 they fhould fet themfelves to produce much Pepper. 
 Such {mall quantities as they do at prefent raife up, 
 Or procure from other parts of the Ifland, is licke 
 by the Darch, or by their friends of Bancalis for 
 them : for the Town of Bancalis being the princi- 
 pal ofthefe parts, and fo nigh Malacca, as only 
 parted by the narrow Seaor Streights, tis vifited 
 by the Dutch in their {mall Veffels, and feems wholly 
 to depend on a Trade with that Nation, not 
 daring to Trade with any befides: and I judge it 
 is by the frieudfhip of this Town, that the Durch 
 drive afmall Trade for Pepper in thefe parts, and 
 by icalfo vend many their own Commodities : 
 and thefe alfo trading with their Neighbours into 
 the Country, do bring their Commodities hither, 
 Where the Dutch come for them. The people of 
 Bancalis therefore, tho they are Malayans, as 
 the reft of the Country, yet they are civil 
 _ Snough, engaged theretoby Trade: for the more 
 Trade, the miore aD and on the mg 3S 
 . 2 the 
 
 ead, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 116 Oppreffion, a prejudice to Trade. 
 An.1688the lefs Trade the more barbaricy and inhumanity 
 —v~ For Trade has a ftrong influence upon all people 
 who have found the fweet of it, bringing withi 
 
 fo many. of the Conveniencies of Life as it dogs 
 
 And I believe that even the poor Americans, who 
 
 have not yet tafted the fweetnefs of it, might be) 
 alluredto it by an honeft and juft Commerce; even) 
 
 fuch of as them do yet feem to covet no more than, 
 
 _a bare fubfiftance ofmeat and drink, and. a clout 
 
 to cover their nakednefs. That large Continent 
 
 hath yet Millions of inhabitants, both on the Aenk 
 —eanand Peruvian parts, who are ftill ignorant Of 
 Trade: and they would be fond of it, did chey 
 
 once experience it ; tho at the prefent they live) 
 happy enough, by enjoying fuch fruits of th 
 - Earth, as nature hath beftowed on thole plac 
 where their Lot is fallen : and it may be they a 
 ‘happier now, than they may hereafter be, whe 
 more known to the Avaritious World.For withT rag 
 
 they will be in danger ofmeeting with opprefliom 
 
 men not being content with a free Traffick, anda 
 
 juft andreafonable gain, efpecially in thefe remot 
 Countries: but they muft have the current mil 
 altogether in their own Channel, tho to the 
 priving- the poor Natives they deal with, ofthe 
 
 natural Liberty : as ifall mankind were to be ruled 
 
 by their Laws. The Iflands of Sumatra and Faw) 
 can fufficiently witnefs this ; the Dutch, having i 
 amanner ingroft all the Trade of thofe, ait 
 feveral of the Neighbouring Countries to their 
 {elves ; not that they are able to fupply the Native 
 with aquarter of what they want, but becatilt 
 they would have allthe produce of them at theif 
 owndifpofal. Yet evenin this they are short, aid: 
 may be {till more difappointed of the Pepper Trae 
 ifother People would feek for it. » For the gre 
 part of the Ifland of Swmatra propagates this P 
 and the Natives would ‘readily comply with 
 
 oi 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Malayans in fear of the Dutch. 
 
 ae 
 
 it: for this Ifland is fo large, populous, and pro- 
 @udive of Pepper, that the Dutch are not able to 
 raw all tothemfelves. Indeed this place about 
 ancalis, isin a manner at their devotion; and for 
 ught [know, it was through a defign of being 
 evenged on the Dutch that Captain Fohn/cn loft his 
 fe. 1 find the Malayans in general, are implacable 
 Nemies tothe Dutch ; and all feems to fpring 
 Oman earneft defire they have a free Trade, 
 Which is reftrained by them, not only here, but in 
 e Spice Iflands, and in all other places, where 
 ‘they have any power. But ’tis freedom only muft 
 “bethe means to incourage any of thefe remote 
 people to Trade ; efpecially fuch of them as are in- 
 duftrious,and whofe inclinations are bent this way ; 
 “as moft of the Avalayans are, and the Major part of 
 the people of the Eaf Indies, even from the Cape 
 Of Good Hope Eaftward to Fapan, both Continent 
 nd Iflands. For tho in many places, thev are 
 mited by the Dutch, Englifh, Danes, Oc. and re. 
 train d from a free Trade with other Nations, yee 
 have they continually fhewn what an uneafiaefs 
 that is tothem. And how dear has this Reftraint 
 “coft the Dutch 2: when yet neither can they withall 
 “the Forts and Guard-Ships fecure the Trade wholly 
 ‘to themfelves, any morethen the Barlaventa Fleet 
 “ean fecure the Trade of the We? Indies to the Spa- 
 jards: but enough of this matter. | 
 You have heard before, that Mr.Wells came with 
 is Sloop to Bancalis, to the great joy of the 2 
 men, that were -yet alive in Captain Sobnfon’s 
 ‘Veffel. Thefe 2 Seamen were fo juit, thar they 
 Captain Fobnfons Papers and Money into 
 ne Cheft, then Jockr it, and’ put the Key of ic 
 ‘nto another Cheft; and locking that, fiung the 
 MKey of icinto the Sea’: and. when Mr Wells 
 
 ie came 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 who would come to Trade with them, notwith- 4.1688 
 anding the great endeavours theDztch make againft ~~~ 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 #18 —— The A. departs from Malacca. 
 
 4n.1688 came aboard, they offered him the Command ¢ 
 ~~ both Veffels. He feemingly refufed it, faying tha 
 he was no Seaman, and could not manage eithera 
 them : yet by much importunity he accepted the) 
 Command of them, or at leaft undertook the ag 
 count of what was in the Sloop, engaging to give 
 a faithful account of it toGovernor Bloom = | 
 They were all now fo weakned, that they weré) 
 
 but juft enough to fail one ofthe Veffels. “There? 
 fore they fent tothe Shabander of Bancalis, to defit 
 fome of his Men, to help :fail the Sloops over to 
 Malacca, but he refufed it. Thenthey offered 
 fell one of them fora fmall matter, but neither 
 wouldhebny. Then they offered to give him th 
 {malleft : to that he anfwered, that he did not dart 
 to accept of her, for fear of the Dutch. Then Mg 
 Wells and his crew concluded to take the Peppe 
 and allthe Stores out ofthe {mall Veffel, and burn 
 her; and go away with the other to Malacca, 
 This they put in execution, and prefently went 
 away, and opening Captain ‘fobnfon’s Cheft 5 
 they found 2 or 300 Dollars in Money. Thig) 
 with all his Writings, and what elfe they found of 
 value, Mr. ells took into his pofleflion. In avery 
 fhort time they got over to Malacca. There they 
 ftayed expecting the coming of fome Exglifh Ship, 
 'to get aPilot to Navigate the Sloop: for neithet 
 of them would underzake to Navigate her farther | 
 ; Captain Lacy coming hither firft, he {pared Mm 
 Wells, his chief Mate, to Navigate her to Achin# 
 /when we came hither, they were ready to fail,and_ 
 went away 2 or3 days before us. | q 
 To return therefore to our own Voyage, Cape 
 tain Weldon having finifhed his bufinels at Malacca, 
 we failed again, fteering towards Achim, where hey 
 defigned to touch in his way to Fort St.George. WE 
 overtook Mr Wells about 35 leagues fhort of Achin 
 againft the River Paffange ‘fonca: and shortly afte 
 we | 
 

 
 His arrival at Achin, — a19 
 
 we both arrived at Achim, and anchored in the’ Am.i688 
 Road, about the beginning of March 1689. Here we 
 - Ttook my leave of Captain Weldon, and of my 
 
 
 
 f iend Mr. Hall, who went with us to Tonquin, and 
 
 _Iwent afhore, being very weak with my Flux, as 
 
 Thad been all the Voyage. Captain Weldcn offered 
 
 me any kindnefs that lay in his Power at Fort Sr.. 
 George, if I would gowith him thither: but I chofe 
 
 fatherto ftay here, having fome {mall acquaintance, | 
 than to go in that weak condition, to a place 
 where J was wholly unknown. But Mr. Hail went 
 
 With Captain Weldon to Fort St. George, and from 
 
 thence in a fhore time returned to England in the 
 
 William{on of London. 
 
 
 
 i 4 C HAP. 
 
 
 
Pe i <)> ey yee Fa ae) Ce eee ee oe eee See ee OE I ns ee ee 
 A Beith cs obi ib oo ie” 5 Ga ea Sa ea a SE Rath Be Saba sth oi spc ibe oh tak Pa 
 
 
 
 £20 The Country of Achin deferib'd. 
 —An,1688 
 | CHAP VIL. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Country of Achin deferiled: its Situation, 
 and Extent, Golden Mount, azdthe Neigh 
 bouring Iles of Way and Gomez, &c. making 
 Several Channels and the Road of Achin. I 
 Soil of the Continent 5 Trees and Fruits ; pa 
 ticularly the Mangaftan and ‘Pumple-nof 
 Lheir Roots, Herbs, and Drugs, the He | 
 Ganga or Bang, azd Camphire : the Pepp | 
 of Sumatra, aud Goldof Achin. The Bea Is, 
 Fowl, and Fifh. The People, their Tempe, 
 Habits, Buildings, City of Achin, and Trade 
 Lhe Husbandry, Fifhery, Carpenters, and ¥ Mj 
 
 — ang Proes. The Money-Changers, Coin and 
 
 Weights. Of the Gold. Mines. The Merchants 
 who cometo Achin: and of the Chinefe Cam 
 or Fair. The wafhing ufedat Achin. A Ch 
 nefe Renegado. Punifbments for Theft anh 
 other Crimes. The Government of Achin 34 
 the Lueen, Oronkeys or Nobles 3 af 
 of the Slavery of the People. The Sti 
 Rept by the Eaftern Princes. A Civil V 
 here upon the choice of a new Queen. The 
 
 Captain, The weather, floods, and heat | 
 Achin. | 
 
 Bir. now arrived at Achin again, I think it m0 
 amifs to give the Reader fome fhort account 
 of what obfervations I made of that City and C 
 
‘ Extent of the Kingdom of Achin. Golden Mouzt. 1 21 
 tty. This Kingdom is the largeft and beft pecpled 4.168 
 _ OF many {mall ones, that are up and down the Ifle vam 
 
 of Sumatra; and it makes the North Weft end of 
 that Ifland. It reaches Eaftward from that N. W. 
 point of the Ifland, a great way along the Shore, 
 towards the Streights of AZa/acea, for about 50 or 60 
 Leagues.But from Diamond point ; which is about 40 
 Leagues from <Achin, towards the borders of the 
 _ Kingdom, the Inhabitants, tho belonging to Achin, 
 are lefsin fubjection to ic. Of thefe | can fay but 
 —dittle ; neither do {know the bounds of this King- 
 dom, either within Land, oralongthe Weft Coalt. 
 ‘That Weft fide of the Kingdom, is high and mous- 
 tainous: as is generally the reft of the Weft Coaft 
 of the whole Ifland.. The. point alfo of Achin, or 
 -extremity.of the Ifland, is High Land: but Achin 
 it felf, and the Country to the Eaftward, is lower, 
 not altogether deftitute of {mall Hills, and every 
 __ where of amoderate heighth, and a Champion 
 _ Country, naturally very fit for Cultivation. 
 There is one Hill more remarkable than ordinary, 
  efpecially toSeamen. The Englifh call it the Golden 
 Mount: but whether this name is given it by the 
 Natives, or only by the Exgljh, 1 know not, “Tis 
 ear the N. W. end of the Ifland ; and Achix ftands 
 ut 5 or 6 mile from thebottom of ic, “Lis very 
 “large at the foot,.and runs up fimaller towards the 
 head ; whichis raifed fo high, as to be feen at Sea 
 Be or 42 leagues. This was the firit Land that we 
 “faw coming in our Proe from the Nicobar Iflands, 
 “mentioned in my former Voyage. The reft of the 
 and,tho of a good heighth, was then undifcerned 
 byus, fo that this Mountain appeared like andfland 
 inthe Sea; which was the Reafon why eur Achin 
  Malayans togk it for Pulo Way. But chat ifland cho 
 “pretty high Champion Land, was invifibie, when 
 | this Golden Mount appeared fo plain, tho asfar dittant 
 as that Ifland. | 
 | Be- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
'4n.1688  Befides what belongs to Achin upon the Con eI 
 wan nent, there are alfo feveral Iflands under its Jurif 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 di@ion , moft of them uninhabited ; and thefe] 
 make the Road of Achine Among them is this Pub} 
 - Way, which is the Eafternmoft of a Range of Iflands 
 that lye. off the N.W. end of Sumatra. Ic is alf 
 the largeft of them, and it is inhabited by Male 
 faGors, who are banifht thither from Achin, This 
 with the other Iflands of this Range, lye in a femi 
 circular form, of about 7 Leagues diameter. Pak 
 Gomez is another large Ifland about 20 mile Welt 
 from Pulo Way, and about 3 Leagues fromthe N. W 
 point of Sumatra. Between Pulo Gomez, and the 
 Main are 3 or 4 other fmalliflands ; yer withChan 
 nels of a fufficient breadth between them, for Ships 
 to pafs through ; and they have very deep water. Al 
 Ships bound from Achin to the Weftward, or coming 
 from thence to Achin, goin and out thro one of 
 other of thefe Channels: and becaufe fhipping 
 comes hither from the Coaft of Surrat, one of thefe 
 Channels, which is deeper than the reft, is called 
 the Swrrat Channel). Between Pulo Gomex and Pui 
 Way, in the bending of the Circle, there are othel 
 {mall Iflands, the chief of which is called Pwh 
 Rondo. This is a {mall round high Ifland, nor ¢ 
 above 2 or3 mile in circumference. It lyes almolt_ 
 in the extremity of the bending on the N. E. part 
 of the Circle, but nearer Pwlo Way than Pulo Gomes 
 There are large deep Channels on either fide, but_ 
 the moft frequented is the Channel on the Well 
 fide. Which is called the Bengal Channel, becaule 
 it looks towards that Bay ; and Ships coming from | 
 thence, from the Coaft of Coromandel,pafs inand out { 
 this way.Between Pulo Way and the Main ofSumatra 
 is another Channel of 3 or 4 Leagues wide: which — 
 is the Channel for Ships, that go from Achinto the 
 Streights of Malacca, or any Country to the Eaft of 
 - thofe Streights, and vice verfa, Thereis goodridin 
 i 
 

 
 The Soil here, and at F. Coker iz Somerfet. 123 
 in all this Semicircular Bay between the Iflands and An.1688 
 
 Sumatra: but the Road for all Ships that come so Way, 
 
  Achin is near the Sumatra Shore, within all the 
 _ ‘SMflands. ‘Therethey anchor at what diftances they 
 _ pleafe, according to the Monfoons or Seafons of 
 the Year. There isa fall Navigabie River comes 
 _ out into the Sea, by which Ships tranfport their 
 _ Commodities in {maller: Veffels up to the City. 
 _ The mouth of this River is 6 or 7 Leagues from 
  Pulo Rondo, and 3 or 4 from PuloWay, ad near as 
 Many from Pulo Gomez. The Iflands are pretty 
 _ high Champion Land, the mould black or yellow, 
  theSoyl deep and fat, producing large tall Trees, 
 fit for any ufes. There are brooks of water on the 
 2 great Iflands of Way and Gomez, and feveral forts 
 Of wild Animals ; efpecially: wild Hogs in abun- 
 _ dance. 
 The Mold of this Continent is different according 
 tothe natural pofition of it. The Mountains are 
 Rocky, efpecially thofe towards the Weft Coatft ; 
 _ yet moft that I have feen feems to have a fuperfi- 
 _ Gial covering of Earth,naturally producing Shrubs, 
 fmall Trees, or pretty good Grafs. The {mail 
 - Aills are moft of them cloathed with Woods, the 
 _ Thees whereof fee by their growth to {pring from 
 _ afruirful Soyl: the Champion Land , fuch as { 
 have feen, is fome black, fomegrey, fome reddifh, - 
 and all of a deep mold. But to be very particular 
 In thefe things, efpecially in all my Travels, is more 
 than Ican pretend to : tho it may beI took as much 
 “Motice of the difference of Soil as Imet with it, 
 a moft Travellers have done, having been bred 
 I my youth in Somerfetfbire , ata place called Eft 
 Coker near Yeouil or Evil: In which Parith there 
 “Was great variety of Soil, as I have ordinarily mec 
 With any where, wiz. black, red, yellow , fandy, 
 Hony, clay, morafs, or fwampy, @c. I had the 
 ‘More reafonto take notice of this, becaufe this Vi'- . 
 | lage 
 
i Codie, Sais Eanaaad a ati aa Sa Pa iia a i SO sr Sai a NR ND ba bh eats eile id 
 t Sti : : Ss : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 “424 The VVaters, VVoods, Trees, Fruits, &e. 
 4n.1688 lage in a great meafure is Let out in fmallLeafes fo 
 w~y~ Lives of 20, 30, 40, or 59 pound per Anz. unde 
 
 | Coll. Helliar the Lord of the Mannor: and moft, 
 | not all thefe Tenants, had their own Land fcatté 
 ing in {mall pieces, up and down {feveral forts 
 Land in the Parifh : fo that every one had fom 
 ae piece of every fort of Land, his Black ground, hi 
 a Sandy, Clay, &c: fome of 20, 30, or 40 Shilling 
 an Acre, for fome ufes, ahd other not worth 1 
 groats an Acre, My Mother being poffeft of of 
 of thefe Leafes, and having of all thefe forts ( 
 Land, I came acquainted with them all, and knel 
 what each fort would produce, (viz.) Wheat, Bat 
 
 a ley, Maflin, Rice, Beans, Peas, Oats, .Fetche 
 | Flax, or Hemp: in all which I had a more th 
 alnal knowledge for one fo young; taking a pa 
 ticular delight in obferving ic: but enough | 
 this matter. 5 <9 
 The Kingdom of Achin has in general a det 
 mould: It is very well’ watered with Brooks af 
 fmall Rivers, bat none navigable for Ships” 
 burthen. This of chin admits not of any but fm 
 Veffels. The Land is fome part very woody, | 
 other places Savannah ; the Trees are of dive 
 forts, moft unknown to 'me by name. The Ce 
 ton and Cabbage-trees grow here, but not] 
 
 fuch plenty as infome part of America. Thefe Treg 
 
 commonly grow here, as indeed ufually where) 
 ever they grow, in achampion dry ground, fu 
 at leaft as is not drowned or morafly ; for he 
 is fome fuch Land as that by the Rivers ; al 
 - there grow Mangrove Trees, and other Trees @ 
 that kind. Neither is this Kingdom deftiruce @ 
 Timber-trees fit for building, 2 a 
 The Frui-s of this Country are ‘Plantains, Boe 
 nanoes, Guava’s, Oranges, Limes, Jacks, Duriay 
 Coco-nuts, Pumpie nofes, Pomegranates, Me 
 gocs, Mangaftans, Citrons, Water melons, fe 
 
 ) me 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . The Mangaftan avd Pumple-nofe. 
 
 the moft delicate. This Fruic is in fhape much 
 ‘like the Pomgranate, but agreat deal lefs. The 
 _Outfide rind or fhell is a little chicker than that of 
 he Pomegranate, but fefter, yet more brittle ;and © 
 nd is ofa dark red. The infide of the thell is of 
 a deep crimfon colour, Within this» fhell the 
 Fruit appears in 3 or 4 Cloves, about the bignefs 
 of the top of a man’s thumb. Thefe will eafily 
 eparate each from the other ; they are as white as 
 Milk, very foft, and juicy, inclofing a {mall black 
 tone or Kernel. ‘The outfide rind is faid to be 
 inding, and therefore many when they eat the 
 Fruit, which is very delicious, do fave the rind or 
 thell, drying ic and preferving it, to give to fuch as 
 have Fluxes.. In a fmall Book, entitled, 4 new 
 Boys: tothe Eaft Indies, there -is mention made of 
 ~Mangaflans, among the Fruits of fava: but the 
 “Author is miftaken, in that. he compares it to a 
 Sloe, in fhape and tafte: Yet’ remember there is 
 ech afort of Fruit at Achin; and believe by: the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 defcription he. gives.of it, ic may probably be the 
 
 fame that he.calls the Mangaftan, tho nothing like 
 he true Mangaftan. 
 
 _ The Pumple-nofe is a large .Fruic like a Citron, 
 
 with avery thick tender uneven rind. Theinfide 
 
 (* 
 * 
 
 partitions. “Lis of a pleafant tafte,and tho there 
 are of them in other parts of the Esé Indies, yer 
 thefe at Achin are accounted the beft. They are 
 ‘Tipe commonly about Cériffmas, and they are fo 
 “tauch efteemed, that Exgli{h men carry them from 
 “hence to FortS:George,and make prefents of chem to 
 heir Friends there. Whe other Fruits mentioned 
 here, are moft of them defcribed by me in my firft 
 Voleme. | The 
 
 Melons, Pine-apples, dc. Of all thefe forts of 4.1698 
 Fruirs, I chink the Mangaftan is without compare ~\—~ 
 
‘An t6gg The eatable Roots of this Country are Yams 
 “vV~ and Potatoes, vc. but their chiefeft ‘bread kindi§ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rice. Ganga or Bang. Camphire | 
 
 Rice. The Natives have lately planted fome 
 - quantities of this Grain, and might produce much | 
 more were they fo difpofed, the Land being f 
 fruitful. They havehere a fort of Herb or Plat 
 called Ganga, or Bang, Ineverfaw any but once 
 and that was at fome diftance from me. It ap 
 peared to melike Hemp, and I thought it had beef 
 Hemp, till I was told to the contrary. It is 1) 
 ported of this Plant, that if it is infufed in any 
 Liquor, it will ftupify the brains of any perfom 
 that drinks thereof; but it operates diverfly, ac 
 cording to the conftitution of the perfon. Some 
 makes fleepy, fome merry, putting them into” 
 Laughing fit, and others it makes mad : but aft 
 2 or 3 hours they come to themfelves again. © 
 never faw the effe@s of it on any perfon, bi 
 have heard much difcourfe of it. What othe 
 ufe this Plant may ferve for I know not : but 
 know it is much efteemed here, and in othe 
 places too whither it is tranfported. a 
 This Country abounds alfo with Mediciné 
 Drugs and Herbs, and with variety of Herbs fe 
 the Pot. The chief of their Drugs is Camphité 
 of which there are quantities found on this Ifland, 
 but moft of it either on the borders of this King 
 dom to the Southward, or-more remote ftill) 
 without the precinéts of it. This that is found of 
 the Hfland Sumatra is commonly fent to Fapanto be | 
 refined, and then brought from thence pure, and 
 traniported whither the Merchants pleafe after 
 wards. I know that here are feveral forts of Me 
 dicinal Herbs made ufe of by the Natives, wh0d 
 go often a fimpling, feeming to underftand theif 
 Virtues much, and making great ufe of them: but 
 this being wholly out of my {phere, I can give 
 account of them; and tho here are plenty - A 
 er 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Onions. Gold. Land Animals. 127 
 
 Herbs, yet I know thenames of none, but Onions, 4n,1688 
 
 _ of which they have great abundance, and ofa very ~~~ 
 good fort, but {mall 
 
 __. There are many other very profitable Commodi- 
 
 ties on this Ifland : but fome of them are more pe- 
 
 Guliar to other parts of it than Achin, efpecially 
 Pepper. All the Ifland abounds with that Spice, 
 
 except only this North Weft end ; at leaft fo much | 
 
 of it, asiscomprehended within the Kingdom of 
 ‘Achin, Whether this defect is through the negli- 
 
 nce or lazinefs of thefe people, I know 
 
 c. ; 
 Gold alfo isfound, by report, in many parts of 
 this Ifland : but the Kingdom of Achiz is at prefent 
 moft plentifully ftored with it, Neither does any 
 place in the Eaft Indies, that I know of, yield fuch 
 _ Quantities of it as this Kingdom. I havenever been 
 _ at Fapan, and therefore can make no eftimate of 
 the great riches of that Kingdom: but here I am 
 Certain there is abundance of it. 
 _. The Land Animals of this Country are Deer, 
 Hogs , Elephants, Goats, Bullocks, Buffaloes , 
 _ Horfes, Porcupines, Monkeys, Squirrils, Guanoes, 
 Lizards , Snakes, @c. Here are alfo abundance of 
 ~ Ants of feveral forts, and Woodlice, called by the 
 Eng lifhin the Eaft Indies White Ants. The Elephants 
 thar Ifaw here were all tame: yet ’tis reported 
 there are fome wild: but I judge not many, ifany 
 -atall. Infome places there are plenty of Hogs ; 
 they are all wild, and commonly very poor. At 
 tome times of the year, when the wild Fruits fall 
 ftom the ‘Trees, they are indifferent fat, or at leaft 
 fiethy: and then they are {weet and good: they 
 ate very numerous; and whether for that reafon, or 
 Carcity of food, it is very rare to find them fat. 
 he Goats are not very many, neither are there 
 Many Bullocks : but the Savannahs fwarm with 
 Buffaloes, belonging to fome or other of the Inha- 
 bitants, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 128 == The Fowls and Fifhs The Inhabitants. 
 4n,1688 bitants, who milk them and eat them; but dont, 
 wv~ work them, fofar as I faw. “The Horfes of th 
 
 Country are but fmall, yet f{prightly ; and fom 
 times they are tranfported hence to the Coaft of] 
 Coromandel; ‘The Porcupines and Squirrels are age 
 counted good food by the Englifh ; but how they ate, 
 elteemed by the Natives I know not. 4 
 The Fowls of this Country are Dunghil Fow 
 and Ducks, but I know of noother tame Fo 
 they have. In the Woods there are many forts’ 
 wild Fowls, viz. Maccaws, Parrots, Parakité 
 Pigeons, and Doves of 3 or 4 forts. There af 
 plenty of other {mall Birds; but I éan fay nothin 
 of them. a. 
 The Rivers of this Country afford plent 
 of Fifh.' The Sea alfo {upplys divers forts of ver 
 good Fith, (viz. ) Snooks, Mullets, Mudfith, Ee 
 Stingrays, which I fhall defcribe in the Bay of Caz 
 peachy, ‘Ten pounders, Old Wives, Cavallies, Craw 
 filh, Shrimps, &c. | 
 The Natives of this Country are Malayans. The 
 are much the fame people with thofe of Qued 
 ‘Fibore, and other places on the Continent of M4 
 lacca, {peaking the fame Malayan Language, wit 
 very little difference: and they are of the fam 
 MahometanReligion, and alike in their haughty ht 
 mour and manner of living : fo that they feem t 
 have been originally the fame people. They are peo 
 ple of a middle ftacure,ftraight and well fhaped,andl| 
 of a dark Indian copper colour. Their Hair is black § 
 and lank, their Faces generally pretty. long, yea 
 graceful enough. They have black Eyes, middling) 
 Nofes, thin Lips, and black Teeth, by the frem 
 quent ufe of Betle. They are very lazy, and cart 
 not to work or take pains. The poorer fort are. 
 addicted to theft, andare often punifhed feverelyy 
 for it. They are otherwife good natured in gen@ i 
 ral, and Kind enough to ftrangers. oil ! 
 

 
 
 
 Cloaths, Honfes, Food, and City of Achin. 129 
 _ The becter fort of them wear Caps fitted to their 4.1638 
 
 heads, of red or other coloured Woollen Cloath, —\~ 
 like the Crown of a Hat without any brims: for 
 
 “fone of the Eaffern people ufe the Complement of 
 
 “Uncovering their Heads when they meet, as we 
 
 do. But the general wear for all forts of people is a 
 
 fall Turban,fach as the Mindanaians wear,defcribed 
 
 “inthe 12th Chapter of my former Volume, page 
 
 i They have {mall Breeches, and the better 
 
 fort will have a piece of Silk thrown loofely over _ 
 their Shoulders; but the poor go naked from the 
 
 -Wafte upwards. Neither have they the ufe of 
 
 “Stockings and Shoes, but a fort ofSandals are worn 
 by the better fort. 
 
 _ Their Houfes are built on Pofts, asthofe of Min- 
 danao, and they live much after the fame fafhion : 
 but by reafon of ‘their Gold Mines, and the fre- 
 Quent refort of ftrangers, they are richer, and 
 live in greater plenty. Their common food is 
 Rice, and the better fort have Fowlsand Fith, with 
 Which the Markets are plentifully ftored, and 
 fometimes Buffaloes flefh, all which’ is dreft very 
 
 ‘Aavourily with Pepper, and Garlick, and tin@ured 
 Bow with Turmerick, to make it pleafant to the 
 Bye, as the Eaft Indians generally love to have 
 their food look yellow: neither do they want 
 800d Achars or Sauces to giveita relifh. 
 
 _ The City of Achin is the chief in all this Kingdom. 
 
 “Tt is feated on the Banks of a River, near the N. 
 W.end of the Ifland, and about 2 miles from the 
 Sea. This Town confifts of 7 or 8000 Houfes ; 
 
 -andin it there are always a great many Merchants 
 lirangers, viz, Englifh, Dutch, Danes ,Portugue/e,Chinefe, 
 Guzarats, Oc. The Houfes of this City aregenerally _ 
 larger than thofe I faw at Mindanao, and better 
 furnifhed with Houfhold Goods. The City has 
 no Walls, nor fo much as a Ditchabout it. It has 
 @ greater number of Mofques, generally {quare 
 e K buile, 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 126 The Trades \Husbandry, Fifhing. | 
 #7.1688 built, and covered with Pantile, but-neither high 
 ““~ nor large. Every morning a m an madea great 
 ) Noife from thence: but I faw no Turrets’ 
 
 Steeples, for them to climb up into for that pt 
 
 pofe ; asthey have generally in Turky. The Quegy 
 
 has a large Palace here, buile handfomely with] 
 
 Stone: but Icouldnot get into theinfide of ic. "Tf 
 
 faid there arefome great Guns about it, 4 of whidh 
 
 are of Brafs, and are faid to have been fent hich 
 
 as a prefent by our K. Fames the rift. | 
 
 The chief Trades at Achin are Carpenters, Blache 
 
 {miths, Goldfmiths, Fifhermen, and Money-chaih| 
 
 gers : but the Country people live either on breé 
 
 ing heads ofCattle, but moft for their own ufe,@ 
 Fowls,efpecially they wholive near the City whidl 
 
 they fend weekly thither to fell: others plant Rod 
 
 Fruits, Oc. and of late they have fown pretty lar 
 
 Fieids of Rice. This thrives here well enough ; b 
 
 they are fo proud,that it is againft their Stomach: 
 
 i work: neither do they themfelves much trouble the 
 a . heads about it, but leave it tobe managed by the 
 q | Slaves : andthey were the Slaves brought lately 
 f the Engli{h and Danes from the Coaft of Coromand 
 | in the time,of a Famin there, I {poke of befor 
 who firlt brought this fort of Husbandry into fue 
 requeft among the Achiwefe. Yet neither does the 
 Rice they have this way fupply one quarter of theif 
 occafions, butthey have it brought to them froff! 
 their Neighbouring Countreys. 
 The Filhermen are the richeft working people 
 
 i mean fuch of them as can purchafe a Net; for 
 thereby they get great profit ; and this fort of ite! 
 ployment ismanaged alfo by their Slaves. In fait” 
 weather you fhall have 8 or ro great Boats, each 
 with a Samor haling Net : and when they fee% 
 Shoal of Fifh, they ftrive to incompafs them with, 
 thefe Nets, and all the Boats that are near aflit 
 . €ach other to dragthem afhore. Sometimes 2 
 : fr 
 
 
 

 
 Flying Proes, Women Money-changers. | 
 
 diaw afhore this way 50, 60, or roo large Fifh, aS 47.1688. ~ 
 big as amans Leg, and as long: and then they ww. 
 
 rejoyce mightily, and {camper about, making a great 
 fhout. The Fifh is prefently fene to theMarket in 
 one of their Boats, the reft looking out again for 
 more. Thofe whoFifh with Hook and Line, go 
 Out infmall Proes, with but x or 2 Slaves in each 
 ~Proe. Thefe alfo get good Fifth of other forts, - 
 Which they carry home to their Matters. 
 _ The Carpenters ufe {uch hatchets as they have 
 at Mindanao, They build good Houfes after their 
 fahion and they are alfo ingénious enough in 
 building Proes, making very pretty ones, efpecially 
 “Ofthat fort which are Flying Proes ; which are built 
 long, deep, narrow, and fharp, with both fides 
 alike, and outlagers.on each fide, the Head and 
 ‘Stern like other Boats. They carry a great Sail, 
 and when the Wind blows hard, they fend aman 
 Of two to fit at the extremity of the Windward 
 Outlager, to poife the Veffel. They build alfofome 
 Veffels of 10 or 20 Tuns burthen, to Trade from 
 one place to another: but I think their greateft in- 
 ‘Senuity is in building their Flying Proes; which are 
 ‘Made very fmooth, kept neat and clean, and will 
 ‘Wail very well: for. which reafon’ they had thac 
 Name given them by the Exglih. 
 There are but few Blackfmiths in this Town, 
 ‘Neither are they very skilful at their Trade. . The 
 Goldfmiths are commonly ftrangers, yer fome of 
 the Achinefe themfelves know how to work Metals, 
 thonot very well. The Money-changers are here, 
 as at Tonquin, moft Women. ‘Thefe fic in the Mar- 
 Ketsand at the corners of the Streets, with leaden 
 Money called Cafh, which isa name that is gene- 
 ally given to fmall money in all thefe Countrevs : 
 but the Cajh here is neither of the fame Metal, 
 Nor value with that at Zonquin ; for thatis Copper, 
 and this isLead,orBlock Tin,fuch as will bend a 
 a K 2 t 
 
 
 
a og" Pent i Bk eye, Sa . & Se MEE Oe ge) Dele ee El ee eee ee dE SS Ne oY OPE ee ont en oy eee, tame Ne = ae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 132 Coins, Summs, and Weights of Achin. 
 Anrs8gthe Finger. They have but two> forts’ of 
 “vw Coin .of their own; the leaft fort is this Lege 
 
 den money call'd Cajh, and ‘tis the fame with 
 
 what they call Perties at Bantam, Of thefe, 1500 
 
 make a Me/s, which is their other fortof Coin, and 
 | is afmall thin piece of Gold, ftampt with M 
 layan Letters on each fide. It isin value 15 penge 
 Englifh, 16 Me(s, make a Tale, which here is 204. 
 Englith, 5 Talemake a Bancal, a weight fo called 
 and 20 Haneal make a Carty, another weight. But 
 their Gold Coin feldom holds weight, for you {hall 
 fometimes have 5 Tale‘ and 8 Me/s over’ go} 
 make aPecul, and tho 1505 Cah; is the value ofa 
 Mefs, yet thefe rife and fall at the difcretion oft 
 \ Money-changers: for fomeétimes you fhall- hai! 
 ye zc00 Cah for’ a Mes: but they are kept ufual 
 bs betweenthofe2 numbers; feldom lefs then roe 
 and never more then rso0o, But to proceed wif 
 thefe Weights, which they ufe either for Money| 
 Goods, 100 Catty make a Pecul, which is 133 
 Englifh weight ‘Three hundred Catty is a Babat 
 which is 3967 Englifh weight ; but in fome place, 
 as at Bencouli, a Babar is near soo Englifh weig 
 Spanijh pieces of Eight go here alfo, and they 
 valued according to the plenty or fearcity of thet 
 Sometimes a Piece of Eight goes but for 4 J 
 fometimes for 4 and half, fometimes 5 Me/s; 
 
 Lhey Coin bur a fmail quantity of their Gold; 
 fo much as may ferve for their ordinary occafidls 
 in their Traflick one with another. But asi 
 Merchant, when he receives large Summs, alwajf 
 takes it by weight, fo they ufually pay him 
 wrought Gold, and quantity for quantity: 
 Merchants chufe rather to receive this, than 
 
 ~ 
 
 J 
 
 ee 
 
 a 
 
 coined Gold ; and before their leaving the Coif 
 try, will change their Mejfes for uncoined Goll! 
 perhaps becanfe of fome deceits ufed by the Natii® 
 in their Coining. 
 

 
 The Gold Mines of Achin. 133 
 _ This Gold they have from fome Mountain a/n.1688 
 pretty way within Land from ¢ehin, but wichine-VW™ 
 their Dominions,and rather near to the Welt Coaft 
 than the Streights of AZalacca. I take Golden Mount, 
 which I fpoke of before, to lie at no greatdiltance 
 from that of the Mines ; for there isjvery high Land 
 allthereabouts. To go thither they fet out Eait- 
 ward, towards Paffange ‘fonca, and thence f{t:ike up 
 “ifto the heart of the Country. I made fome’ in- 
 — qguiry concerning their getting Gold, and was tod, 
 that none but A4zhometans were permitted to go to 
 “the Mines : That it was both troublefom andidan- 
 ferous to pafsthe Mountains, before they came 
 thither ; there being but one way, and that over 
 uch fteep Mountains, that in fome places they 
 ‘Were forced to make ufe of Ropes, to climb upand 
 down the Hills. That at the foot of thefe Precipices 
 there was a Guard of Soldiers, to fee that no uncir- 
 —tumcifed perfon fhould purfue that defign,and a:fo 
 to receive cuftom of thofe that paft either forward 
 Orbackward. That at the Mines ic was fo fickly, 
 ‘that not the half of thofe that went thither did e- 
 “Yer return again; tho they went thither only to 
 “Traffick with the Miners, who live there, being 
 “feafoned : thatthefe who gothither from the City 
 flayed not ufually above 4 months at the Mines, 
 ahd were back againin about 6 Months from their 
 Boingout. That fome there madeit their conftant 
 Imployment to vifit the Miners once every year: 
 for after they are once feafoned, and have found 
 the profic ofthat Trade, no thoughts of danger 
 €an deter them from it: for I was credibly told 
 that thefe made 2000 per cent. of whatever they car- 
 Teid with chem, to fellto the Miners: bur they 
 Could not carry much by reafon of the badnets of 
 theways. ‘The rich men never go thither them- 
 elves but fend their Slaves: and if 3 out of 6re- 
 ‘turns, they thinkthey makea very profitable jovr- 
 
 =) 
 
 
 
 Poe A Ee tay eee ee ee a Le ene Ce eae fF ee a ee ae 
 toe 2 Sat ob at ry > ver “we 7 aa ee 
 
130 The Goods brought hither frou abroad, — 
 
 - Aa.x688 ney for their Mafter, for thefe 3 are able to bring 
 
 — &"v~ home as much Gold as the Goods which all 6 capa | 
 
 at tied out could purchafe. The Goods that they! 
 
 carry thither are fome fort of cloathing, and liquom | 
 
 They carry their Goods from the City by Sea pa 
 
 of the way :. Then they fand fomewhere about) 
 Paffange-‘Fonca, and get Horfes to carry their Cargg| 
 
 tothe foot ofthe Mountains. There they drawi, 
 
 up with Ropes, and if they have much goods, of 
 
 5 ftays there with them, while the reft march to th 
 
 Mines with their load ; and return again for the 
 
 reft. I had this relation from Captain Tiler, wh 
 lived at Achin, and {poke the Language of 
 
 Country very well. There was an Englifh Re 
 
 gado that ufed that trade, but was always at the 
 
 Mines when I washere. At his Return to Achia 
 
 conftantly frequented an Englifh Punch-houfe 
 
 {pending his Gold very freely, as I was told by d 
 
 Mafter of the houfe. I was told alfo by all that 
 
 difcourled with about the Gold, that here they 
 
 ~~ it out of the Ground ; and that fometimes they fin 
 
 pretry large lumps. f 
 
 It is the product of thefe Mines that draws] 
 
 many Merchants hither, for the Road is felda 
 
 without 10 or 15 fail of Ships of feveral Natio 
 
 Thefe bring all forte of vendible Commodities, ® 
 
 Silks, Chines, Muzlins, Callicoes, Rice, ec. aii] 
 
 as to this laft, a man would admire to fee whit 
 
 great quantities of Rice are brought hither by it 
 
 Englifh, Dutch, Danes, and Chinefe: when any arrive) 
 
 the Commanders hire each a Honfe to put theit) 
 
 goods in. The Silks, Muzlins, Callicoes, Opiui) 
 
 and fuch like rich.Goods, they fell to the Gazal} 
 
 who are the chief men that keep Shops here: Bit 
 
 the Rice, which isthe bulk ofthe Cargo, they at 
 
 ally retail. Ihave heard a Merchant fay, he me 
 
 received 60, 70, and 80 /.a day for Rice, wha 
 ithas been fcarce ; but when there aremany fe 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* 
 
 
 
 
 The Guzurats, Brokers ai Achin.3 
 
 _ whereas when Rice is f{carce, you will not have a- 
  bove 2 or 4 Bamboes for a Mes. A Bamboe is a 
 {mall feal’d meafure, containing, to the beft of my 
 remembrance, not much above half a Gallon. 
 Thus it rifes and falls as Ships come hither. Thofe 
 who fell Rice keep one conftantly attending to 
 meafure it out 5 and the very Grandees themfeives 
 never keepa ftock before hand, but depend on the 
 Market, and buy juft when they have occafion. 
 “They fend their Slaves for what they want, and 
 “the poorer fort, who have not a Slave of their 
 own, will yet hire one to carry a Mefs worth of 
 Rice for them, tho not one hundred paces from 
 their own homes, {corning to do it themfezlves. 
 Befides one to meafure the Rice, the Merchants 
 hire a man to take the money; for here is fome 
  falfe Money, as Silver and Copper A4Ze/s gilt over: 
 Befides, here are fome true Me/s much worn, and 
 “therefore not worth near their value intale. The 
 ~ Merchants may alfo have occafion to receive 10 
 Yor 20/, at atime for other Commodities ; and this 
 too, befides thofe litcle fumms for Rice, he muft re- 
 ceive by his Broker, if he will not be cheated ; 
 for tis work enough to examin every piece: and 
 n receiving the value of 10, in Meé/s, they will 
 ordinarily be, forc’d to return half or more to be 
 hang’d ; for the Natives are for putting off bad 
 oney, if poflibly they can. Buc if the, Broker 
 fakes any bad Money, ‘tis to his own lofs. Thefe 
 fort of Brokers are commonly Guzurats, and ‘tis 
 “Very neceflary fora Merchant that comes hither, 
 ‘efpecially if he isa ftranger, to have one of them, 
 ‘or fear of taking bad or light Money. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cuftom as other Nations. The Durch Free-men 
 
 The Englifh Merchants are very welcome here,. 
 nd I have heard that they do not pay fo much 
 
 K 4 may 
 
 ‘then 4o or sos. worth ina day is a good fale: An.1688 | 
 ~ for then a AMe/s will buy 14 or 15 Bamboes of it : “~~ 
 
 fi 
 a” ee 
 
136 
 
 An.1688 may trade hither, but the Company’s Servants are 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 
 Chinefe Merchants, and China Camp, j 
 
 deny d that privilege. But of all the Merchants 
 that trade to this City, the Chinefe are the moft ré 
 markable. There are fome of them live here all 
 the year long ; but others only make annual Voy 
 ages hither from China. Thefe latter come hither 
 fome time in ‘fane, about 10 or 12 fail, and bring 
 abundance of Rice,and feveral ocher Commodities 
 They take up Houfes all by one another, at thé 
 end of the Town, next the Sea: and that end of 
 the City is call’d the China Camp, becaufe ther 
 they always quarter, and bring their goods afhoré 
 thither to fell. In this Fleet come feveral Mecha 
 nicks, (viz. ) Carpenters, Joyners, Painters, & 
 Thefe fet themfelves immediately to work, making 
 of Chefts, Drawers, Cabinets, and all forts of Chi] 
 nefe Toys: which are no fooner finifh’d in theif 
 Working-honfes, but they are prefently fet up m 
 Shops and at:the. Doors to fale. So that for two 
 months or ten weeks this place is like a Fair, fulld 
 Shops ftuffe with all fort of vendible commoditi¢s 
 and people reforting hither to buy: and as theif 
 goods fell off, fo they contra& themfelves, int 
 Jefs compafs, and make ufe of fewer Houfes. But é 
 their bufinefs decreafes, their Gaming among them 
 felvesincreafes ; for a Chinefe, if he is not at work, 
 had as lieve be without Victuals as without Gamingg | 
 and they are very dexterous at it. If before theif 
 goods are all fold, they can light of Chapmen @ 
 buy their Ships, they will gladly fell them alfo, a 
 leait fome of them: if any Merchant will buy, for 
 a Chinefe is for felling every thing: and they who 
 are {o happy as to get Chapmen for their ownShip; 
 will return as paffengers with their Neighbours; 
 leaving their Camp, as ‘tis called, poor and nak 
 like other parts of, the City, till che next ye 
 Theycommonly go away ‘about the ‘latter end 
 September, and never fail to return againat the i 
 , “ey Paci ama ga ee oe eh ‘ 6 fi fg 
 
 
 
. . The Achinefe Learning and Religion. 
 
 : fon : and while they are here, they arefo much Ay.1688 
 
 followed, that there is but little bufinefs ftirring VW 
 
 Yor the Merchants of any other Nations; all the 
 difcourfe then being of going down to the China 
 _ Camp. Even the Europeans go thither for their di- 
 -verfion: the Engli{h, Dutch, and Danes, will go to 
 drink their Hoc-ciu, at fome China Merchants Houfe 
 _ who fells it ; forthey haveno tippling Houfes. The 
 European Seamen return thence into the City 
 oe enough, but the Chinefe are very fober them- 
 felves. / 
 _ The Achinefe feem not to be extraordinary good 
 at Accounts, as the Banians or Guzurats are. They 
 inftruét their youth in the knowledge of Letters, 
 _ Malayan principally, and I fuppofe in fomewhar 
 of Arabick, being all Adabometans. They are here, 
 as at Mindanao, very fuperftitious in wafhing and 
  cleanfing .themfelves from defilements: and for 
 that reafon they delight to live near the Rivers or 
 Streams of water. The River of Achin near the 
 _ City is always full of People of both Sexes and all 
 _ Ages. Some come in purpofely to wath themfelves, 
 for the pleafure of being inthe Water: which they 
 fo much delight in, that they can fcarce leave the 
 River without going firft into it, if they have any 
 __bufinefs brings them near. Even the fick are brought 
 tothe River to wafb. I know not whether it is 
 _accounted good to wafh in all diftempers, bur Iam 
 “certain from ‘my own ‘Experience, it is good for 
 “thofe that have Flux,efpecially Mornings and Even- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ri 
 
 pres for which reafon you fhall then fee the Rivers 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fulieft, and more efpecially in the Morning. Bue 
 ‘the moft do it upon a Religious account: for 
 “therein confifts the chief part of their Religion. 
 
 - There are but few of them refort daily to their 
 “Mofques ; yee they are all fiff in their Religion, 
 and fo zealous for it, that they greatly rejoice in 
 “inaking a Profelyte. I was told, that while 1 was 
 
 ; 
 ei 
 ag 
 7s 
 id 
 

 
 Wt NE AG 
 B 
 
 134 
 ‘AnL 688 
 ey 
 
 ‘brought before the Magiftrate, who prefently 
 
 then they are banifh’d to Palo Way, dusing thei 
 
 A pT ea es rk ch wee Pek ae ye ee Tat RT aN PREP ee cee oe eee ae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chinefe Rezegado. Punifhments, 
 at Tonquin, a Chinefe inhabiting here turn’d from his” 
 Pagani{m to Mabometani{m, and being circumcifed) 
 he was thereupon carry d in great itate thro the 
 City on an Elephant, with one crying before him | 
 that he was turn’d Believer. This man was calld@ 
 the Captain of the China Camp ; for, as I was ing 
 formed, he was placed there by his Country-men_ 
 as their chief Fa@or or Agent, to negotiate theif” 
 affairs with the people of the Conntry. Whetheg | 
 he had dealt falfly , or was only envied by other) 
 I know not : but his Countrymen had fo entangled) 
 him in Law, that he had been ruined, if he had| 
 not made ufe of this way to difingage himfelf ; and 
 then his Religion protected him, and they could 
 not meddle with him. On what fcore the two 
 Englifh Runagadoes turn d here, I know not. a 
 
 The Laws of this Country are very ftri@, and 
 offenders are punifhed with great feverity. Net 
 ther are there any delays.of Juftice here ; fora 
 foon asthe offender is taken, he is immediately 
 
 hears the matter, and according as_ he finds it, { 
 he either acquits, or orders punifhment to be in 
 flited on the Party immediately. Small offenders! 
 are only whipt on the back, which fort of punifhe 
 ment they call Chaubuck, A Thief for his firft of 
 fence, has his right hand chopt off at the wrift® 
 for the fecond offence off goes the other ; and 
 fometimes inftead of one of their hands, one oF | 
 both their feet are cut off; and fometimes ( tho 
 very rarely) both hands and feet. _ If after the lols) 
 of one or both hands or feet they {till prove incor 
 rigible, for they are many of them fuch veryRogues” 
 and fo arch, that they will fteal with their Toes 
 
 Lives: and if they get thence to the City, as fome 
 times they do, they are common!y fent back again 
 tho fometimes they get a Licence to flay, ‘ 
 
= Bis i a = Sate Coe, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Maimed Banditti at Pulo Way. 125 
 On Palo VVay there are none but this fort of 4.1688 
 _ Cattle ; and tho they all of them want one or both ~~~ 
 hands, yet they fo order matters, that they can - 
 w very well, anddo manythings to admiration, _ 
 hereby they are able to get a livelihood : for if 
 ey have no hands, they will get fomebody or.o- 
 her to faften Ropes or Withes about their Oars, 
 asto leave Loops wherein they may put the 
 umps of their Arms ; and therewith they will 
 ull an Oar luftily. They that have one hand can 
 o well enough: andof thefe you fhall fee a great 
 any, even in the City. This fort of punifhment 
 infli@ed for greater Robberies ; but for {mall pil- 
 ering the firft time Thieves are only whipt ; but 
 fier this a Petty Larceny is look’d on as a great 
 crime, Neither is this fore of punifhment peculiar 
 to the Archinefe Government, but probably, ufed by 
 the other Princes of this Iland, andon the Ifland 
 Fava alfo, efpecially at Bantam. They formerly, 
 when the King of Batam was in his profperity, 
 _depriv’d men of the right hand for Thefc, and may 
 fill for ought Iknow. I knew a Dutch-man fo 
 ferv’d : he was a Seaman belonging to one of the 
 King of Bantam’s Ships. Being thus punifhed, he 
 was difmift from his fervice, and when I was this 
 time at dchin he lived there. Here at Achin, when 
 -amember is thus cut off, they have a broad piece 
 _ of Leather or Bladder ready to-clap on the Wound. 
 | This is prefently applied, and bound on fo faft, 
 _ that the Blood cannotiffue forth. By this means 
 _ the great Flux of Blood is ftopt, which would elfe. 
 ' enfue ; and I never heard of any one who died of 
 it. Howlong this Leather is kept on the Wound 
 ' Iknow not: but ie is fo long, till the blood is 
  perfe@ly ftanched ; and when it is taken off, the 
 ' clods of Blood which were preft in the Wound by 
 ' the Leather, peel all off with it, leaving the 
 Wound clean. Then, I judge, they ufe cleanfing 
 or 
 
 3 
 
‘An.1688 Or healing Plaifters, as they fee convenient, an 
 a Ae curethe Wound with a great deal of eafe. 
 
 ‘ ip. x 
 
 . Theft. Criminals,who deferve death,are executed 
 divers ways, according to the nature of the of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Empaling Execution by fighting. 
 
 H a 
 i" 
 
 I never heard of any that fufferd Death a 
 
 fence, or the quality of the offender. One way 
 is by Impaling on a fharp Stake, which paffeth up: 
 right fromthe Fundament through the Bowels, ane 
 comes out at the Neck. The Stake is about th e 
 bignefs of a mans Thigh, placed upright, one end 
 in the ground very firm ; the upper sharp end | 
 about 12 or 14 foot high. I faw one man fittel 
 in this manner, and there he remain’d 2 or 3 dayss 
 but I could not learn his offence. 1 
 Noblemen have a more honourable death ; the} 
 are allowedto fight for their lives : but the num 
 bers of thofe with whom they are to engage, {oof 
 put a period to the Combat, by the death of tht 
 Malefa@or. The manner of it is thus ; the perfot 
 condemned is brought bound to the place of exe 
 cution. This isa large plain Field, fpacious é 
 nough to contain thoufands of people. Thither 
 the Achinefe, armed, as they ufually go, with theif 
 Creffet, but then more efpecially, refort in Troops, 
 as well to be {pectators, as actors in the Tragedy. © 
 Thefe make avery large Ring, and in the midit_ 
 of the multitude the Criminal! is placed, and by 
 him fuch Arms as are allow’d on fuch occafions 5 
 which are, a Sword, a Creffet, and a Lance 
 When the time is come to act, he is unbound, and 
 left at his liberty to take up his fighting weapons - 
 The {peétators being all ready, with each man his 
 Arms in his hand, ftand ftill in their places, till 
 the Malefacor advances. He commonly fets out” 
 with a fhriek, and daringly faces the multitudes” 
 but he is foon brought to the ground, firft b 
 Lances thrown at him, and afterwards: by thei 
 Swords and Crefiets.. One was thus executed whil 
 
 | 
 
Bd Ue ~ 
 
 
 
 The General Slavery at Achin, — 14t 
 
 I was there: I had not the fortune to hear of it till 4, 16g 
 it wasended: but had this relation the fame even- j~a 
 ing it was done, from Mr. Dennis Drifcal, who was 
 
 then one of the Speéators. 
 
 _ This Country is governed by a Queen, under 
 
 _ whom there are 12 Oronkeyes,or great Lords. Thefe 
 
 act in their feveral precin&s with great power and 
 authority. Under thefe there are other inferiour 
 Officers, to keep the Peace in the feveral parts of 
 
 ‘the Queens dominions. The prefent Shabander of 
 
 Achin is one of the Oronkeyes. He is a man of great- 
 
 er knowledge than any of the reft, and fuppofed to 
 
 “be very rich. I have heard fay he had not lefs 
 
 “than 1000 Slaves, fome of whom were topping 
 
 ~ Merchants, and had many Slaves under them. 
 
 And even thefe, tho they are Slaves to Slaves, yet 
 
 have their Slaves alfo; neither can a ftranger eafily 
 
 __ know who is a Slave and who not among them : 
 
 ’ for they are all, in a manner, Slaves to one ano- 
 
 _ ther: and all in general to the Queen and Oron- 
 
 Reyes ; for their Government is very Arbitrary. Yet 
 
 there is nothing of rigour ufed by the Mafter to 
 
 his Slave, except it be the very meaneft, fuch as do 
 
 all forts of fervile work: but thofe who can turn 
 
 _ their hands to any thing befides drudgery, live well | 
 "enough by their induftry. Nay, they are en- 
 ' couraged by their Mafters, who often lend them 
 Money to begin fome trade or bufinefs wichal: 
 _Whereby the Servant lives eafie, and with great 
 - content follows what his inclination or capacity fits 
 him for ; andthe Mafter alfo, who hasa fhare in 
 the gains, reaps the more profit, yet without trou- 
 ble. When one of thefe Slaves dies, his Mafter is 
 - Heir to what he leaves; and his Children, if he 
 has any, become his Slaves alfo: unlefs the Father 
 out of his own clear gains has in his life time had ~ 
 _ wherewithal to purchafe their Freedom. The 
 _ Markets are kept by thefe people, and you cae 
 ' trade 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 == 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ee Oras oo 
 ope ELE : Ks, s ; Sta eo i 
 138 Queen of Achin and Oronkey. : 
 
 4m.1688trade with any other. The Money-changers alfo_ 
 tey~~ are Slaves, and in general all the Women that you 
 fee in the ftreets ; not one of them being free. Sa 
 are the Fifher-men, and others, who fetch Fires 
 wood in Canoas from Pulo Gomez, for thence thofe 
 of this City fetch moft of their Wood, tho there is) 
 f{earce any thing to be feen but Woods about the 
 City. Yet tho all thefe are Slaves, they have ha 
 bitations or houfes to themfelves in feveral parts of 
 the City, far from their Mafters houfes, as if the 
 were free people. But to return to che Shabander T 
 was {peaking of, all Merchant Strangers, at cheir 
 firft arrival, make their Entries with him, which is) 
 always done with a good prefent : and from himy 
 they take all their difpatches when they depart; 
 and all matters of importance in general between 
 Merchants are determined by him. It feems to) 
 have been by his Converfation and Acquaintance) 
 with ftrangers, that he became fo knowing, be- 
 yond the reft of the Great men: and he is alfo faid” 
 to be himfelf a great Merchant. § 
 _ The Queen of Achin, as ‘tis faid, is always an old” 
 Maid, chofen out of the Royal Family. Whaey 
 Ceremonies are ufed at the choofing her know 
 not: Nor who are the Electors; but I fuppofe” 
 they are the Oronkeys.. After fhe is chofen, fhe is 
 in a manner confin’dto her Palace ; for by report, 
 fhe feldom goes abroad, neither is fhe feen by any 
 people of inferiour rank and quality ; but only by” 
 fome of her Domefticks : except that once a year 
 fhe is dreft all in white, and placed on a Elephant,7 
 and fo Rides to the Riverin {tate to wath herfelf + _ 
 but whether any of the meaner fort of people may” 
 fee her in that progrefs I know not: for it is the] 
 cuftom of moft Eattern Princes to skreen them- 7 
 felves from the fight oftheir Subjects: Or if they 7 
 fometimes go abroad for their pleafure, yerthe 7 
 people are then ordered either to turn their backs © 
 tO- 
 
 
 

 
 4 
 
 Election of a new Queen. 
 
 i towards them while they pafs by, as formerly at 4y.1688 
 _ Bantam, or to hold their hands before their eyes, rd 
 
 as at Siam. At Mindanao, they may look on their 
 ~Prince:but from the higheft to the loweft they ap- 
 roach him with the greateft refpeét and venerati- 
 mn, creeping very low, and oft-times on their 
 Knees, with their eyes fixton him: and when they 
 “withdraw, they return in the fame manner, creep- 
 ing backwards, and ftill keeping their eyes on him, 
 till they are out of his fight. | 
 But to return to the Queen of Achin, I think 
 t Hackluit, or Purchas, makes mention of a King 
 here in our King Fames I. time: But at leaft of la- 
 er years there has always been a Queen only, and 
 the Englifh who refide there, have been of the 
 pinion that thefe people have been governed by a 
 ueen ab Origine; and from the antiquity of the 
 Prefent conftitution, have formed notions, that the 
 “Queen of Sheba who came to Soloman was the 
 ueen of this Country: and the Author of an 
 old Map of the World which Ihave feen, was, it 
 teems of this opinion, when writing the old Hebrew 
 lames of Nations, up and down the feveral parts 
 ciently known of Europe, Afia, and Africa, he 
 ts no other name in the Ifle of Sumatra, but that 
 f Sheba. Butbe that as it will, ’tis ac prefent pare 
 f it under a Queen, tho fhe has little power or 
 authority : for tho there is feemingly abundance 
 bf re{pect and reverence fhewn her, yet fhe has 
 Wittle more than the title of a Soveraign, all. the 
 oe being wholly in the hands of the O- 
 nReys. 
 While I was on my Voyage to Tonquin, the old 
 heen died, and there was another Queen cholen 
 er room, butall the Oronkeys were not for that 
 lection ; many of them were forchoofing a King. 
 ur of the Oronkeys who lived more remote from 
 
 Court, took upArms to oppofe the new ( ueen 
 and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 139 
 
 E 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 144 A Civil War at Achin. 
 -An.1688 and the reft of the Oronkeys, and brought 5 or 6009 
 i-y~ men againft the City: and thus ftood the ftate o 
 affairs, even when we arrived here, anda gooé 
 _ while after. This Army was on the Eaft fide o 
 the River, andhad allthe Country on that fide 
 and fo much of the City alfo, as is on that fide thé f 
 River, under their power: But the Queen’s Palacd | 
 and the main part of the City, which ftands on the 
 Weft fide, held out ftoutly. The River is wider 
 fhallower, and more fandy at the City, than am 
 where elfe nearit: yet not fordable at low waten! 
 Therefore for the better communication from ong) 
 ~ fide to the other, there are Ferry-boats to carry, 
 Paffengers to and fro. In other places the Bank! 
 are fteep, the River more rapid, and in moft place 
 very muddy: fo that this place, juft at the City i 
 felf, isthe moft convenient to tranfport Men 0 
 Goods from one fideto the other. | 
 Ic was not far from this place the Army lay, 
 if they defigned to force their paflage here. 
 Queens party, to oppofe them, kept a {mall Guar 
 of Souldiers juft at the Landing-place. The Sa 
 bander of Achin had a Tent fet up there, he beif 
 the chief manager ofher Affairs: and for the mol 
 fecurity, he had 2 or 3 {mall brafs Gans of a Minic 
 bore planted by his Tent all the day, with thet | 
 Muzzels againft the River. In the Evening thet 
 were 2 or 3 great Trees drawn by an Elephant, af 
 placed by the fide of the River, for a barricad® 
 againft the Enemy: and then the Brafs Guns welt 
 drawn from the Shabander’s Tent, which ftood n0t 
 far from it, and planted juft behind the Trees, om | 
 the rifing Bank : Sothat they looked over the Tree 
 and they might Fire over, or into the River, if die 
 Enemy approached. When the Barricado Wa 
 thus made, and the Guns planted, the Ferry-boalt 
 paffed nv more from fide to fide, till the nem 
 morning.’ Then you fhould hear the Soldiers a 1 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The fate of the War at Achin. 
 
 yhy they would not agree, why they could not 
 le of one mind, .and why they fhould defire to kill 
 ne anothét. This was the Tone all night long ; 
 athe morning asfoonas Snn wasrifen, the Guns 
 re drawn again to the Shabanders Tent, and the 
 ‘Trees were drawn afide, to open the paflage from 
 
 one fide to the other: ard every man then went 
 reely about his bufinefs, as if all had been as-quiet 
 sever, only the Shabander and his Guard ftaid ftill 
 their ftations. So that there was not any fign 
 f Wars, but in the Nightonly, when all ftood to 
 heir Arms: and then the Towns people feemed <o 
 ‘be in fear, and fometimes we fhould have a Ru- 
 
 ttempt to come over. 
 While thefe ftirs lafted ; the Shabander fent to 
 ll the Foreigners, and defired them to keep in 
 heir own Houfesin the night, andtold them, that 
 vhatever might happen in the City by their own 
 “ivil broyls, yet noharm fhould come to them. 
 Yerfome of the Portugue/e, fearing the worft, would 
 very Night put their richeft Goods into a Boat, 
 eady to take their flight on thefirft Alarm. There 
 Vere at this time not above 2 or 3 Englifh Families 
 nthe Town, and 2 Englifh Ships, and one Dutch 
 hip, befides 2 or 3 Moors Ships of the Moguls Sub- 
 ects, in the Road. One of the Englifh Ships was 
 ailed the Nedlegree ; the name taken from Nelle- 
 ree Hills in Bengal, asl have heard. Shecame from 
 Bay of Bengal, laden with Rice, Cotton, &c. 
 other was the Dorothy of London, Captain Thwait 
 sommander, who came from Fort St George,and was 
 bound to Bencouli with Souidiers, but touched here, 
 Ss well to fell fome goods, as to bring a prefent to 
 ‘the Queen from our Esf India Company. Captain 
 “Lhwait, according to cuftom went with his prefent 
 7 L to 
 
 
 
 our, that the Enemy would certainly make an. 
 
 145 
 
 r g toeach other, notin menacing Language, but.4n.1688 
 ‘as thofe who defired peace and quietnefs, asking “~~ 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 146 Dancing Women. Bengal Butter. 
 
 4n.1688to the Queen, which fhe accepted ; and compkh 
 mv mented him with the ufual Civilicies of the Cour 
 try; for to honour him he was fet upon an Elephant 
 of the Quéens to ride to his Lodgings, dreft jf 
 a Malayan habit which fhe gave him : and She fen 
 aifo two Dancing Girls, to fhewhim fome paftim 
 there: and I faw them at his Lodgings that Even 
 ing, dancing the greateft partof the night, much 
 after the fame manner as the Dancing Women @ 
 Mindanao, rather writhing their Hands and Bodig 
 with feveral Antick geftures, than moving nuuth 
 outiof the place they were in, “He had ar this tim 
 about 20 great Jars of Bengal Butter, made of Bit 
 faloes Milk, and this Butter is faid alfo tohave Lait 
 - or Hogs fat mixt with it, andrank enough in thet 
 hot Countries, tho much efteemed by all the Aw 
 nefe, who give a good price for it; and our Engh 
 allo nfe it. Each oftheJars this camein, contain 
 20 or 30 Gallons ; and they were fet in Mr. Drifah 
 yard at Achin: what other’ goods the Capt 
 brought l’know not. i 
 But not long after this, he being informed, thi 
 the Aoors Merchants refiding here had carryed off 
 great Treafure aboard their Ships,in order to retiil 
 wich it to éwrat,and our Company having now¥ 
 with the Great Mogal, Captain Thwait in Mi 
 Evening drew off all his Seamen, andfeized on oft! 
 of the Adcors Ships, where he thought the Treafiilt’ 
 was. The biggeft he let alone: fhe was a Ship 
 that one Captain Ccn/fant took inthe Road fome 
 time before, and having plundered her, he gavehtt 
 to the Queen, of whom the AZoors bought her agaill 
 The Moors Merchants had f{peedy notice of this dion 
 of Captain Thwait, and they préefently made theif 
 Application to the Queen for fatisfation. — But ht 
 flairs at this time,{being in fuch pofture as Im 
 Honea by reafon of their inteftine Bioyls, 
 faid fhe could do nothing for them. 
 
A total Ecclipfe of the Moon. 147 
 
 Te was x1 of 12 aClock the next day, before we 4.1688 
 who lived afhore heard of Captain Tdwaits proceed- & 
 ings: but feeing the Aeors flock to Court, aad not 
 knowing what anfwer they had from the Queen, 
 we pofted offto the Ships, for fear of being im- 
 prifoned, as fome Englifh men had been while I was 
 at Tonquin, onthe like fcore. Indeed I had at this 
 time great caufe to be afraidofa Prifon, being fick 
 ofa flux: So that a Prifon would have gone near 
 to have killed me : yet I think it fared not much bet- 
 ter with me, for the Ships I fled to afforded me but 
 little comfort. For 1 knew no man aboard the Do- 
  rothy, and could expect no comfort there. Sol and | 
 the reft went aboard the Nelligree, where we could 
 “more reafonably expeé relief, than in a Ship that 
 ‘came from England : for thefe which come fo long 
 a Voyage, are jaft victualled for the Service, and 
 _ the Seamen have every one their {tinted allowance, 
 out of which they have little enough to {pare to 
 | Strangers, : | 
 ~ Butthotherewere Vidétuals cnough aboard the 
 Nellegree, yet 1o weak as I then was, I had more 
 “tind to reft my felf chan to eat: and the Ship was 
 fo peftered with Goods, that I could not find a 
 “place to hangup my Hammock in. Therefore 
 it being fair weather, I made a thift to lye in the 
 ~ Boat that I came aboard in. My Flux was violent, 
 “andI fleept but little : fo I had the opportunity of 
 _ obferving the Moon totally Eclipfed, had I been in 
 a condition to obferve any thing. As foon as I per- 
 _ €eiv’d the Moonto be Eclipfed, I gazed ar it indeed, 
 as flay, till it was totally obfcured, which was a 
 pretty while: but I was fo little curious, that I re- 
 - membred not fo much as what day of the 
 ~ Month it was, and 1 kept no Journal of this 
 Voyage , as I did of my other; but only. kept 
 "an account of feveral particular Remarks and Obfer- 
 - Y¥ations as they occurredto me, I lay 2 or 4 days 
 sy L2 thus 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An.r688thus inthis Boat, and the people of the Ship wert | 
 ~~~ fo kind as to provide me with neceffaries: and by 
 
 go ouragain. Then I was fenfible chat my Bowe 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 this time the Mocrs had gota Pafs from the Dute 
 Captain then in the Road,for 4 or sco Dollars,asf 
 was then told, and Captain Thwait delivered thet 
 their Ship again, bur what terms he made wit 
 them, I know not. Thus that fray was over, an 
 we came afhore again : recovered of the fright we 
 had beenin. In a fhort time alfo after this, che 
 Achinefe all agreed to own the new Queen, and {@ 
 the War ended without any Bloodthed. | 
 
 I was perfwaded to wafh in the River, Mornings! 
 and Evenings, for therecovery of my Health: an 
 tho ic feemed ftrange to me before I tryed it, ye 
 I found fo much comfort in the firft trial, thatl 
 Conftantly applyed my felf to ic. I went into theR 
 ver,till che water was as high as my wafte, and the 
 I ftooped down and found the water fo coola 
 refrefhing to my body, that I was always loth 
 
 were very hot, for I found a great heat within mé 
 which Ifound refrefht by the cool water. My food 
 was Salt-filh broyled, and boyled Rice mixt with 
 Tire. Tire is {old about the Streets there : ‘tis thidhy 
 fower Milk. It is very cooling, and the Salt-filll 
 and Rice is binding: therefore thisis thought chem 
 the proper food fer the common People, whe 
 they have Fluxes.. But the Richer fore will havé 
 Sago, which is brought co Achin from other Coum 
 tries, and Milk of Aimonds, = 
 
  Burto return to the ftate of Achin, before 160 
 otf fiom ic L fhall add this fhore account of the Sea 
 fons of year there, that their weather is much the 
 fame as in other Countries North of the Line, and 
 their dry Seafons, Rains, and Land-floods come 
 much at the fame time, asat Tonquin and other places 
 of North Latitude. Only as Achin lies within a few 
 Degrees of the Line, fo upon the Suns croffing the | 
 
Rains and Floods at Achin. 149 | 
 
 — Linein March, the Rains begina little fooner there 4n.1 688 
 than in Countries nearer the Tropick of Cancer : ~~ 
 and when they are once fet in, they areas violent 
 there as any where. I have feen it Rain there for 
 2 or 3 days without intermiflion ; and the River 
 running but a fhort courfe, its head not lying very 
 far withinLand, ir {oon overflows ; and a great part 
 ‘of the Street of the City, fhall on a fudden be all 
 under water; at which time people row up and 
 ~ downthe Streets in Canoas. Thatfide of the C ty, 
 towards ‘the River efpecially, where the Fo eign 
 Merchants live, and which ts lower ground, is fre- 
 quently under water inthe Wet Seafon: a Snips 
 _ Longboat has come up tothe veryGate of ourEngli(h 
 “Faétory laden with Goods ; which at other times 
 is ground dry enough, at a good diftance from the 
 River, and moderately raifed above it. I did not 
 ‘find the heat there any thing different from other 
 places in that Latitude ; tho 1 was there bothin the 
 “Wet and dry Seafon. °*Tis more fupportable than 
 -at Tonquin ; and they have conftantly the Refreth. 
 tent of Sea and Land Breezes every 24 hours. 
 
 + 
 
 { 
 
 } L 3 CHAP 
 
 
 
SV ESTES Lee OO NEA AY YY SNS) one, Oe ee ee ee, Se a ere pee 
 
 The Author goes aboard again. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Com Aa! VAL. 
 
 ‘ The A. prepares to go for Pegu. Among otherg) 
 a Ship arrives here from Merga inSiam. Of 
 the Maffacre of the Englith there. HAlis in 
 
 tended Cargo for Pegu. The Arrival of othe 
 Englith wex from the City of Siam. The 
 fets out for Malacca inftead of Pegu. 
 
 are becalmed, and foon after in great dang 
 
 of running aground. The Coaft of Sumatt 
 from Diamond point to the R. Dilly. The 
 water there, and at ‘Pulo Verero; whe 
 they meet a Ship of Danes and Moors fra 
 Trangambar. Pulo Arii, azd Pulo Parfe 
 lore, a ufeful Sea-mark to avoid Sholes nel 
 Malacca Shore. The A. arrives at Molacc 
 Lown. The Town and its Forts defcribed : t 
 Conqueft of it bythe Dutch, from the Port 
 guefe. Chinefe azd other Merchants refédit 
 here. The Sale of Flefh and Fifh; the Frui 
 and Animals. The Shabander, State of t 
 Lrade, and Guardfbips. Opium, a godm| 
 Commodity among the Malayans, Rattale| 
 Cables. They prepare for their Return back 
 Achin. a 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 A foon as I was pretty well recovered, I was 
 x Shipt Mate of the Sloop thar came from Me 
 lacca with us, which Mr Wells had fold to Capta 
 Fyler, who lately come from Siam: and J was {ent 
 aboard to take poffeffion of her, about the begie 
 ning of May, 1689, He who was defigned @ 
 
 . * ma 
 
 
 
 
 
SEE GS Ae ee tk ease Nt eee er 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Cargo intended for Pegu. Ist 
 mand her came to Achin Mate of the Nellegree ; and Az.1688 
 we were now to go to Pegu: but before the mid- ~y¥~ 
 dle of Fune he left the employ, being fick, and loth 
 
 to go at this dead time of the year to Pegu, becaufe 
 he Wefterly wind was fet in ftrong, andthe Coaft 
 'Pegu is low Land, and we were both unacquaint- 
 |on the Coaft. I was then made Commander, and 
 ok ingoods in order todepart for that Coaft-In the 
 “Mean time Mr. Coventry arrived in his Ship from the 
 oaft of Coromandel \aden with Rice, and a {mall 
 effel belonging to Captain Tyler camé allo from 
 Merga much about the fame time. 
 
 This laft Ship had been at Merga a confiderable 
 me, having been feized on by the Siamites, and all 
 the men imprifoned, for fome difference that hap- 
 ned between the Englifh and them. Neither was a 
 ifon then thought hard ufageby them, for during 
 e Havock was made of the Englifh there, many 
 thofe who lived at Merga weremaifacred. Thofe 
 ho. were imprifoned were kept there till all the 
 glifh who lived at the City of Siam, on the other 
 eof the Kingdom, withdrew from thence : and | 
 tt en thefe men had their liberty reftored alfo, 
 and theic Ship given them, but no goods, nor fa- 
 isfaction for their loffes, nor fo much as a Com- 
 pafs to bring with them, end but little Provifion. 
 et here they fafely arrived, this being a better 
 Ship that I was gone aboard of, Captain Ty/er im- 
 mediately fitted her up for the Sea, inorder to fend 
 rto Pegu. 
 
 By thistime my Veffel wasloaden, and my Cargo 
 Was eleven thouland Coco-nuts, 5 or 600 wait of 
 Sugar, and half a dozen Chefts of Drawers of 
 apan work, 2 were very large, defigned for a pre- 
 ent to the King. Befidesthis, Captain Tyler, for fo 
 We ufed to call him, tho he was only a Merchant, 
 aid he intended to fend a good quantiry of Goid 
 hither, by which he expected to gain Gc or 70 pr 
 L 4 Cet 5 
 
152 |Gold and Nutmegs for Pegu. 
 £1.1688 Cent ; for by report the King of Pegu had | 
 “~~ built a very magnificent Pagoda, and was gi 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 it very richly with Gold: befides he was’ maki 
 large Image of Mafiy Gold for the chief Pagodg 
 this Temple. By this means Gold was rifen injp 
 value here: and Achin being a place abounding in 
 that metal , much of it had already been fent ¢ 
 ther from hence, and more was going in othe 
 Velfels, belonging ‘to the Moors of Achin, befit 
 what Captain Zy/er defigned to fend. 4 
 ft was now about the middle of Auguf ; ant 
 tho I was ready to fail, yet I was ordered to flay 
 for Captain Tyler’s other Veffel, till fhe had takes 
 in her lading, which was daily fent off Het 
 Cargo alfo wasCoco-nuts, and fhe had about 8 or 
 goco already aboard: whenI received an orde 
 from Captain Tyler to hale aboard ofher, and pu 
 all my Cargo into her; as alfo all my Water-cash 
 and whatever elfe I could {pare that they wanted) 
 but withal he defired me to be fatisfied , and told 
 ,me I fhouldina fhort time be fent toSea: but that 
 Ship being the biggeft, he thought it more conve 
 nient to difpatch her firft. I prefently did as Irwa 
 ordered;and finding that I{fhould not go this Voy 
 I fold alfo my {mall Cargo, which confifted onl 
 {ome Coco-nuts, and about 100 Nutmegs, which 
 had the Shells on as they grew on the Trees. T] 
 bought all that Icould meet with in the Town, and 
 paid abous 3 d. a piece, and expected to have had 
 12 d,apiecefor them at Pegu, whiere they are mudi 
 efteemed if the Shells be on, for elfe they dont 
 value them. & 
 _ About this time the George, a great Englifh Ship 
 belonging to one Mr. Dalton, arrived here from thé | 
 City of Siam, coming thro the Streights of Malacom 
 He had beentherefome years, Trading to and fro 
 and had made very profitable Voyages: but the 
 Revolution that happened there by the death = 
 
Englith returned from Siam. 153 
 King, and the unhappy fate of my Lord Falcon, Am.2688 
  caufed the Englifh to withdraw from thence. The ynesd 
 French were all {ent away fomeMonths before being 
 not fuffered to ftay in theKingdom : but before this | 
 Ship came from thence, the broyls of State were 
 over ; for the new King being fettled, all cumuits, 
 . which commonly arife in thefe Countries at the 
 death of the King, were appeafed. The Englifh 
 __were then defired to ftay there, and thofe who had 
 yielded up their places and cfiices, wereeven in- 
 treated to.accept them again , for they owned thae 
 they had all ferved the Nation faithfully. But nor 
 _ long before the Revolution, the Governour of 
 - Fort St. George {ent for all the Englifh from thence 
 particularly, and from the fervice of all other Indian 
 _ Princes, to come and ferve the Eaf India Company 
 atthe Fort, or where elfe they fhould fend them. 
 For that reafon they all came away with Mr Dal- 
 ton, and he, in kindnefs to his Country-men, re- 
  fufed to take in Goods or Freight, becaufe he would 
 have room enough for their Paffage, and their 
 ' Houfhold Goods : for here were fome Families of 
 - Men, Women and Children. 3 
 ___-«*They were a long time coming from Siam to 
 | Achin, becaufe they came againft the Monfoon; 
 and in their paffage they touched at Malacca, and 
 when they arrived at Achim, Mr Dalton went afhoar 
 and hired a Honfe, as did alfo moft of his Paffen- 
 gers: and among the reft Captain Aéinchin, who 
 _ had formerly ferved the Eaft India Company at 
  Surrat, but on fome difguft left that place and 
 _ came to Siam. There he was made Gunner of a 
 _ Fort, and maintained his Wife and Family very 
 _ well in that employ, till the Revolution there, and 
 the Companies orders came and called him from 
 ' thence. He being now defticute of employment, 
 _ thé Merchants there thought of making him Com- 
 > mandery of the Veffel char I was in, becaufe Cap- 
 : tain 
 
 
 
 an Se 
 
 Se ae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fe Ce ae ee aN eS EE IR yf) ee Soe ee EN ee ee ee ee ee ee ad ee | con yy hare eS 
 7 ; ; ' 
 
 
 
 154 The A, goes for Malacca.  . 
 An.1688 tain Tyler was minded to fell part of her. Accord- 
 Len nBly they met about it, and the Veffel was divid- 7 
 ed into 4 parts, 3 of which was were purchafed by | 
 Mr Dalton, Mr Coventry, and Captain Minchin, and. 
 Captain Tyler kept the 4th. The next day Captain | 
 _ Minchin came off, with an orderto me, to deliver) 
 him the pofleffion of the Ship , and told me, that 
 that if I liked to go his Mate, I might fill: keep > 
 aboard till they had agreed on a Voyage. I was) 
 forced to fubmit, and accepted a Mates employ 
 under Captain Minchin. Tt was not long before wey 
 were ordered for Malacce to buy Goods there. We)! 
 carried no Goods with us, befides 3 or 400pound) f 
 of Opium. 
 
 It was about the middle of September, 1689. when) | 
 we failed from Achin. We were 4 white men in] | 
 the Veffel, the Captain, and Mr Coventry, who® 
 went Supercargo, my felf and the Boatfwain. For 
 common Seamen we had 7 or 8 Moors: and gene- 
 rally in thefe Country Ships the White men arel 
 all Officers. “Two days after we left Achin, being” 
 becalmed under the Shore, we came to an Anchors 
 Not long after, a Ship coming in from the Sea- 
 ward, came to an anchor about two mile a head of 
 us. Mr Coventry knew her to be a Damifh Ship bes” 
 longing to Trangambar ; and therefore we hoifted 
 out. our Boat, and thought to have fpoken wich) | 
 her: but a {mall breeze {pringing up, they weigh- 
 
 edtheir Anchors, and went away ; neither would” 
 they fpeak with us, tho we made figns for them to) 
 ftay. We weighed alfo and joge’d on after them, — 
 but they failed better than we. We met. little 
 winds and calms, fo that twas 7or 8 days before 
 we got as far as Diamond-point, which is about 494 1 
 leagues from Achin, | 
 
 Being about 4 leagues fhort off that point, Caps a 
 tain Minchin defired me to fet the Land, and ‘withal. 
 prick the Card, and fee what courfe we onght tomy 
 
 ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 | They are in danger of Shipwreck, 155 
 Keep all night ;. for it was now about 6a clock, 421688 - 
 and wehad a fine gale at W.S. W. our courfe yee~=w 
 being E, S.E. , | . 
 
 After I had fet the Land, I went into the Cab- 
 bin to look over the Draught, to fee what courfe 
 
 we muft fteer after we came about the point. Mr 
 “Coventry followed me, and when I had fatisfied my 
 ~ felf, he asked me what courfe we matt fteer? [ 
 
 told him E. S.E. till 12a clock, ifthe gale ftood, 
 and then we might hale more Southerly. He — 
 ‘feemed to be ftartled at it, and told me, that the 
 Captain and he had been pricking the Card, and 
 thought that a S. E. orS. £. by S. courfe would do 
 wellat 8 aclock. Ifaid it was a good courfe to 
 run afhore; he argued along time with me, but I 
 _ perfifted in my opinion, and when I told Captain 
 _ Minchin of my opinion, he was well fatisfied. Pre- 
  fently after this we had a pretty ftrongTornado out 
 of the S. W. which obliged us to hand our Top- 
 fail. When the ftrefs of the Weather was over, 
 _ we fet our Sails again, and went in to Supper, and 
 ordered the man at Helm not to come to. the 
  Southward of the E.S. E. We ftayedin the Cab- 
 
 PP 
 
 bin tillabout 8 aclock, and then we came outto 
 “fet the Watch, It wasnowvery dark, by reafon 
 of a Thunder-cloud that hung rumbling over the 
 ~ Land: yet by the flahhes of lightning we plainly 
 
  faw the Land, right ahead of us. Iwas much 
 
 -furprized, and raninto the Steeridge to look on ' 
 ~ the Compafs, and foundthat we were fteering S. 
 
 is. E. inftead of E.S.E. Iclapt che Helm a Star- 
 
 board, and brought her to N. E. by E. and N. E. 
 _and we very narrowly efcap’d being caft away. 
 
 / When we firft wenttoSupper, we were 2 leagues 
 
 | off Land, and then E.S. E. was a good conrfe, 
 
 the Land lying E.'S, E.  paratlel’ with our 
 
 ' courte. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 But 
 

 
 4y,1688 But then the Man at Helm miftaking his Coit 
 weve pafs , fteerd S. S. E. whichruns right in upon) 
 
 - eRe Pas a gy TEN LHR: ID? TT eee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 136 River Dilly. Fresh Water at Sea. 
 
 the Shore. I believe we had alfo fome counter 
 current, or Tide that help’d us in, for we were 
 quickly got into a Bay within the points of Land, 
 So that ‘twas now abfolutely neceffary to fteer 
 Northerly to get out of the Bay ; and by this time 
 MrCoventry was fatisfied with what I told him in the 
 Evening, and was convinced of his error. I ur 
 dertook to direc&t the man at helm, and the win 
 continuing, I kept off till ten a Clock: then I fteer 
 ed E.S. E. till 12, and then haled up S.S. E. and 
 in the morning we were about 4 leagues S. E. from’ 
 Diamond point, and about 3 leaguesto the North of 
 an Ifland. : | 
 The Land from hence lying S. S. E. we fleered | 
 fo ; but meeting with calms again, we anchored 
 feveral times before we came to the River a 
 Dilly, which is 28 leagues from Diamond-point. The 
 Land between feems to be uneven, moft of it pret 
 ty high, and very woody : and ’tis faid that all chis_ 
 Country, asfar asthe River Dilly, is under thé 
 Queen of Achin. | 
 About a League before we came to that River 
 being within 2 mileofthe Shore, we faw the watet 
 of a muddy grey colour, and talting it, found itto” 
 befweet. Therefore we prefently filled fome oF 
 our Water Cask ; and, ’tis an ordinary thing im | 
 feveral places to cake up frefh_ water at Sea, againlty | 
 the mouth of fome River, where it floats above the 
 Salt water: but we muft dip but a little way down, | 
 for fometimes if the Bucket goes but a foot deep, it 
 takes up Salt water with the frefh. . 
 In the evening we had a fine Land Breeze, with’ | 
 with which we ran along the Shore, keeping on a 
 wind, and founding every now and then. Aclaft 
 we were got among the Sholes, -at the mouth of that" 
 River, and puzzled to get out again. The River® 
 
 : 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pulo Verero. Ship frow Trafigambars 167 
 isin Lat. 3 d.som.N. ft feems to be very large, 47.1688 
 but itis not well known, but only tothe Natives, ~w~~ 
 whoinhabit it; and they are not very fociable ; but 
 re, by report, a fort of Pirats living on rapin. In 
 he Morning we faw a fail ftanding off to an Ifland 
 alled Pulo Verero, \ying in Lat 3 d. 30 m. N,7 Lea- 
 gues from the Mouth of the River Dilly. We 
 “having a fair wind, ftood after them, intending 
 there to wood and water at Pulo Verero, For tho - 
 we took no frefh Water the evening before out of 
 he Sea, yet at the R. of Diy it was brackifh: 
 ortho the frefh water is born up by the Salt, and 
 it might be intire without mixture, yet by plung- 
 “ing of theBucket fomewhat too low, we might pro- 
 bably take up fome of the Salt water with it. They 
 ame to an Anchor, about 2 or 3 a clock in the 
 Afternoon: but the Wind flackened, and it was 8 
 Clock at night before we came thither. We An- 
 chored about a mile from them, and prefentiy 
 hoyfed out our Boat to go aboard: for we judged 
 hat this was the Dazi{h Ship, that we faw when we 
 ‘came firlt from _Achiz. Iwent in the Boat , be- 
 caufe Mr Coventry told me, that Mr Coppenger was 
 Surgeon of her, the fame perfon who was with 
 mein the Boat when I was fet afhore at the Nico- 
 ar Ifles, but was not fuffered to ftay with me. Mr 
 Coventry was now inthe Boat with me, and we 
 went and haled the Ship, asking whence fhe came? 
 and who was Commander? They anfwered they: 
 ere Danes from Trangambar, for ‘twas the Ship we 
 ook icto be. Then they askt who we were? I 
 ~ anfwered, Englifh trom Achin, and that Mr Coventry 
 ' was in the Boat, but they would not believe it till 
 ~ Mr. Coventry {poke, and the Captain knew his Voice : 
 ' neither did they till then believe we were Friends ; 
 _ for they had every man his Gun in his hand, ready 
 to fire on us, if we had gone aboard without haling, 
 /as Mr. Coventry would have done, in confidence 
 ue that 
 
{ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 158 : P. Arii. P. Parfelore. 
 
 4An.1688 that they knew him, had not I diffwaded him. Fop 
 &v~ it feems they were extreamly afraid of us, infomuch 
 that the Commander, feeing us follow them in the 
 morning, would not have touched at thefe Iflands, 
 tho he was in great want of Water ; and had nop 
 his black Merchants fallen before him on thei 
 Knees, and even prayed him totake pity on them, 
 they had not anchored here. Thefe Merchants 
 ' were inhabitants of Trangambar on the Coaft of 
 Coromandel. They having no Ships of their own, 
 when the Danes fit out a Ship, onany Voyage that 
 they are inclined to, thefe Mvors are obliged to joya 
 Stock with them, and they firft make an offer ofit 
 to them asa kindnefs: andthe Moors being gene 
 rally defirous to Trade, frequently accept of it & 
 moft on any terms: but fhould they be unwilling 
 yet dare they not refufe, for fear of difobliging ¢ 
 Danes, who are Lords of the place. In this Ship 
 found Mr Coppenger : and he was the firft that I he 
 feen of all the Company that left me at the Niécoh 
 fflands. The next morning we filled our waterat 
 weigh’d again ; the Dane being gone a little befor 
 Fie was bound to ‘Fiore, to load Pepper, but ‘ite 
 tended to touch at Malacca, as moft Ships do that 
 pafs thefe Streights. He alfo failed better chai 
 we, and therefore leftus to follow him. | 
 We f{tood on yet neareftto the Sumatra thore, till | 
 we came in fight of Pulo Arii, in Lat3 d 2m. 
 Thefe are feveral Iflands lying S. E. by E.' Eaftere 
 ly from PuloVerero, about 32 leaguesdiftant. Thele” 
 Iflands are good marks for Ships bound thro the 
 Streights : for whenthey bear 5. E. at 3 or 4 leagues | 
 diftance, you may fteer away E.by S. for the Me 
 lacea Shore, from whence you then may be about 
 zo leagues. The firft Land you will fee is Pulo Pare 
 lore, which isa high peeked Hill in the Country, 
 on the Adslacca Coalt: which ftanding by it fell 
 amidft a low Country, ic appears like an Ifland, 
 
 
 
Shoals on the Coaft of Malacca. $9 
 
 _ tho E know not whether it is is really one ; for it 4, 1688 
 _ ftands fome miles within the fhoar ofthe Continent A -~ 
 of Malacca. Yt is a very remarkable Hill, and the 
 Only Sea mark for Seamen to guide themfelves 
 through certain Sands that lye near the Main ; and 
 ifit is thick hazy Weather, and the hill is obfcur'd, 
 Pilots, unlefs they are very knowing in the Sound- 
 ‘ings, will hardly venture in: for the Channel is 
 not above a league wide, and there are large fhoals 
 on each fide. Thefe fhoals lye ten leagues from 
 Pulo Arii , and continue till within 2 or 3 of the 
 Malaccafnoar. In the Channel there is 12 or 14 
 fathom water, but you may keepin 7 or 8 fathom 
 On either fide ; and founding all the way, you may 
 pafs on without danger. | 
 We hada good gale at Weft, which brought us 
 » in fight of Pulo Parfalore: and fo we kept founding 
 till we ‘came within the fhoar, and then we had 
 the Town of Malacca about 18 leagues diftant from 
 us, tothe S. E. and by E. Being fhotover to the 
 Malacca fhore, there isa good wide Channel to fail 
 in, you having the fhoals on one fide, andthe 
 ‘Land on the other; to which left you may come 
 ‘asnigh as you fee convenient, for there is water 
 enough, and good anchoring. The Tide runs 
 pretty ftrong here ; the Flood fets to the Eaftward, 
 and the Ebb to the Weft: and therefore when 
 there is little wind, and Ships cannot ftem the 
 ‘Tide, they commonly anchor. But we being in 
 with the Malacca fhoar, had a wefterly Wind, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | which brought us before Malacca Town, about the 
 “middie of Ogober; and here I firft heard that 
 King William and Queen Mary were Crowned King 
 and Queen of England. The Dane that left us at 
 ‘Pulo Verero was not yet arrived: for, as we after- 
 _ wards underftood, they could not find the way 
 | through the Sands, but were forc’d to keep along 
 _ without them, and fetch a great Compafs about, 
 | which retarded their Paffage. Ma. 
 
 
 

 
 ‘Awt633  Malaccaisa pretty large Town, of about 2 or 306 
 wvw~ Families of Dutch and Portuguefe, many of which 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Malacca T. avd Fort defcribed. 
 
 are a mixt breed between thofe Nations. There 
 are alfo many of the Native Malayans inhabiting: im | 
 fmall. Cottages onthe skirts ofthe Town. The 
 Dutch Houfes are built with Stone, and the Street 
 are wide and ftraight, but not paved. At the N 
 Welt ofthe Town, there is a Wall and Gate t 
 pafsinand out ; and afmall Fort always guarde 
 with Soldiers. The Town ftands on a level lot 
 ground, clofe by the Sea. The Land on the back 
 fide ofthe Town feems tobe moraffy, and on th 
 Weft fide, without the Wall, there are Gardens ¢ 
 Fruits and Herbs, and fome fair Dutch Houfes : 
 that quarter is chiefly the habitation of the Mala 
 ans, On the Eaft fide of the Town, there isa fma 
 River, which at a Spring Tide will admit {me 
 Barks to enter. About too pacesfrom the & 
 thereisa Draw-bridge, which leads from the mid 
 of the Townto a ftrong Fort, built on the Ea 
 fide of the River. | | | 
 
 This is the chief Fort, and is built on a low levi 
 ground, clofe bythe Sea, at the foot of alittle ftee 
 Hill. Its form is femicircular, according to th 
 natural pofition of the adjacenc Hill. It from 
 chiefly to the Sea, and having its foundation of 
 firm: Rocks , the Walls are carried up to a goat 
 heighth, and of a confiderable thicknefs. T 
 lower part of is wafhed.by the Sea every Tide. O 
 the back of the Hill, the Land being naturally lov 
 there isa very large Moat cut from the Sea to th 
 River, which makes the whole an Ifland; and the 
 back part is ftockadoed round with great Tree 
 fet up an end: fo that there is no entring whé 
 once the Draw-bridge is haled up. On the Hill 
 within the Fort, ftands afmall Church, big enough 
 toreceive all Towns people, who come hither ol 
 Sundaysto hear Divine fervice: and on the Maif 
 
 0.7 
 
Rife and fall of the Portuguefe iz India. 161 
 
 beyond the Fort, the A4s/ayans are alfo feated clofe 42.1688 
 
 by the Sea. | bal fn 
 The firft Europeans who fettled here were the - 
 
 ” Portuguefe. They alfo built the great Fort: but 
 
 _ whether they moted round the Hill, and made an 
 
 Ifland of that fpot of ground, I know not, nor 
 
 what charges have been beftowed on it fince to 
 
 make it defenceable ; nor what other alterations 
 
 ave been made: but the whole building feems to 
 
 e pretty antient, and that part of it which fronts 
 
 to the Sea was, in all probability, buiicby the Ports- 
 
 guefe ; for there are ftill the marks of the Conque- 
 
 Tors {hot in the Walls. It is a place fo naturally 
 
 ftrong, thac I even wonder how they could be 
 
 7 beaten out: but when I confider what othe~ places 
 
 they then loft, and their mifmanagements, I am 
 
 the lefs furprized at it. The Portuguefe were the 
 
 firft difcoverers by Sea of the Haft Indies, and had 
 
 thereby the Advantage of Trade with thefe rich 
 
 Eaftern people, as alfo an opportunity, thro their 
 
 * weaknefs, co fettle themfelves where they pleafed. 
 
 _ Therefore they made Setelements and Forts among 
 
 them in divers places of India, as here for one : and 
 prefuming upon the ftrength of their Forts, they 
 
 4 
 
 ‘infulted over the Natives; and being grown rich 
 with Trade, they fellto all manner of loofenefs 
 ~ and debauchery ; the ufual concomitant of Wealth, 
 Vand ascommonly the fore-runner of Ruins The 
 Portuguefe at this place, by report, made ufe of the 
 Native Women at their pleafure, whether Virgins 
 ‘or Married Women ; {uch as they liked they took 
 Without controle: and it is probable, they as little - 
 “reftrained their luft in other places ; for the breed 
 ~ of them is {cattered all over India ; neither are there 
 ‘any people of more different Complexions than 
 " Of that race, even from the cole black to a lighe 
 fawney. Thefe injuries exafperated the Native 
 7 M Ma- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An.1688 Malayans here, who joyning with the Dutch, as] 
 “—"—~ have been informed, found means to betray to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 Moors and Chinefe Merchants at Malacca. . 
 
 them their infolent mafters the Pcrtuguee: than}: 
 whom there are nota more defpicable people not 
 in all the Ezferw Nations: and ofall they one 
 potiet, they-haye now only Goa left, of any plage 
 of confequence. The Dutch are now mafters¢ 
 moft of the places they were once poffeft of ; am 
 ticularly this of Afalacca. : 
 
 Malaccais a place-of no great Trade, yet ther 
 are feveral Moors Merchants always refiding her 
 Thefe have fhors of wares, fuch as come from Sa 
 rot, and the Coaft of Coromandel and Bengal. ‘Tht 
 Chinefe alfo are feated here, who bring the Co 
 modities: of their Country hither, efpecially Te 
 ' Sugarcandy, andother Sweetmeats. Someof thei 
 keep Tea-houfes, where for a Stiver a man has neg 
 a pint of Tea, anda little Porrenger of Sugarcand 
 orother Sweetmeats, ifhe pleafes. Others of ther 
 are Butchers: their chief flefh is Pork, which yo 
 may have very reafonably, either frefh or falted 
 Neither are you defired to take any particular piece 
 but they will cut a piece at one place, and the lik 
 at another, either fator lean, as you would hay 
 it. Others among thefe Chinefe are Trades people 
 and they are all in general very induftrious, bi 
 withal extraordinary Gamefters : and if they cai) 
 get any to play with them, all bufinefs muft fubmit | 
 to thar. . | 
 
 This Town is plentifully ftored wich Fihh alfa. 
 When the Fifhermen come in, they all refort toz 
 place built purpofely for the fale of them. There 
 are Soldiers waiting, who take the beft for tht 
 Officers of the Fort. Whether they pay for it, 0 
 that 'tisa Tollor Cuftom belonging to the Gover 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Out-cry of Fifh. The Fruits, &e. 1632 
 er of felling is thus ; the Fifh which every man 4.1688 
 ings in is forted, yet all fold by the Jump at once 
 the manner ofan Outcry or Auction, but not by 
 ifing but lowering the price: for there is one ap- 
 pointed for this Sale, who fets the firft price higher 
 “than the value of the Fifh, and falls by degrees, 
 the price feems reafonable: then one or other 
 ys. But thefe firft bargains are commonly 
 ght by the Fifhwives,who Retail them out again. _ 
 Dyiters are in great plenty here, and very good 
 when they are Salt, but fometimes they are frefh 
 and unfavoury. 
 As for other Provifions, their Rice is brought to 
 them from abroad. Such Fruits as they have are 
 much the fame asI have already defcrived andare 
 proper to che Climate, as Plantains, Bonanoes, 
 Pine-apples, Oranges, Water-melons, Pumplenofes, 
 ango’s, @vc. but thefe are only in their Gardens, 
 no great plenty ; and the Country isall covered 
 h Wood, like one Foreft: and moft of our 
 alking Canes uled in Exgland, are brought from 
 ence. They have alfo a few Cattle, Bullocks, 
 d Horfes, @c. having but little pafturage, but 
 od ftore of tame Fowl, Ducks, and Poultrey. 
 he principal perfon in the Town is the Shabaxder, 
 Dutch man, next in power to the Governor, who 
 vesin the Fort, aud meddies not with Trade, 
 which is che Shabander’s Province, who feems to be 
 Chiefly concerned aboutthe cuftomes of goods. 
 ' This Town has no great Trade, by what I 
 Could fee, but ic feems to be defignedly buile to 
 mmand the paffage of {hipping, going this way 
 ythe more Eaftern Nations. Nor but that Ships 
 y pafs far enough out of reach of their Canon; 
 it Guardfhips belorging to the Town, and lying 
 ‘inthe Road, may hinder others from pafling. How 
 the Portuguele managed their ‘Affairs. 1 know not ; 
 M 2 but 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 164 Pepper at Jihore. Dutch Guard-frip 
 An.1688but the Dutch commonly keep a Guard-fhip here; 
 “v™ and [have been told they require a certain Duty 
 
 of all Veflels that pafs this way, the Englih only 
 excepted: for all Ships touch at this place, efpe 
 cially for Wood, Water and refrefhment. : | 
 Two days after our arrival here, the DanifhSt 
 came alfotoan Anchor ; but reporting that th 
 were bound to Fihore, to lade Pepper, the Dé 
 told them it was but in vain for them to feek: 
 Trade there ; for thatthe King of Fibore had agre 
 with the Dutch to Trade only with them; 4 
 that to fecure that Trade, they had a Guardihip 
 lying there. I had this account from the Surgegh, 
 Nir Coppinger, whofeemed a little concerned at_ 
 becauie when he told me this, he could not tip 
 whether they fhauld proceed thither or no; Bil 
 they did go thither, and found all this a fham,¢ 
 Traded there to their own and the Natives fa 
 faction, ashe told methe next time I met hi 
 This of Fibere being but a {mall Kingdom on fh 
 . fame Malacca Coalt, ‘tis not of ftrength fufficiél 
 ? co refift che power of the Dutch: neither could 
 benefit the Dutch to take it, fhould they attempt: 
 for the people would probably forfake it, and 
 would be too great a charge for the Dutch to fet 
 itthemielves. And therefore they only endeavoll 
 to ingrofs the Pepper Trade ; and it is probable 
 enough that the Dutch might fometimes keep 
 Guardlhip there, as they do atother places, pa 
 cularly atQueda,PuloDindin,&c.For where thereis aly 
 trade to be had, yer not fufficient to maintaimé 
 Factory ; or where there may not be a conveniem 
 place to build a Fort, fo as to fecure the wh 
 Trade to themfelves, they fend their Guardfhil 
 which lying at the mouths of the Rivers, dete 
 itrangers from coming thither, and keep the petty 
 Princesin awe of them. They commonly na 4 
 
ps tao Ee atte =~ ate ee ek 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Malayans exafperated by the Dutch.  —_ 165 
 thew as if they did this out ofkindnefs to thofe peo-4n,1688 
 le ; yet moft of them know otherwife, but dare —w~ 
 ot openly refent it. This probably caufesfo many 
 etty Robberies and Piracies as: are committed by 
 he Malayans on this Coaft. The Malayams, who 
 inhabit on both fides the Streights of Malacca, are in 
 general a bold people: and yet Ido not find any 
 of them addi@edto Robbery, but only the pilfering 
 Doorerfort, and even thefe feverely punifhed among 
 the Trading Malayans, who love Trade and Pro- 
 perty. But being thus provoked by the Durch, and 
 hindred of a free Trade by their Guard-thips, ¢ is 
 Probable, they therefore commit Piracies them- 
 lelves,or connive at and incourage thofe who do. So 
 that the Pirates who lurk on this Coaft, feem 
 fo. do it as much to revenge themfelves on the 
 Dutch, for reftraining their ‘Trade, asto gain this 
 
 Way what they cannot obtain in way of Traffick. 
 ' But to retturn to our concerns here, I have 
 id already, that we had only 3 or 490 /. of Opium 
 in goods, the reft was in Money to the value of 
 2000 Dollars in the whole: bat we did nor pre- 
 tend, that we came hither purpofely to Trade, 
 But chat finding our Veflel unfic for the Sea, we 
 ut in hereto mend and repair her. Leave was 
 anted us for this; and I prepared to hale our 
 Veffel afhore, at the weft end of the Town, noe 
 far from che {mall Fort. It is there foft Oazy 
 round, near a miie off fhore, and ir deepens 
 Very Jeifurely , being fhole water juft by the 
 Mdhore ; and when the Tide goes out, it leaves the a 
 Yaz dry a quarter of a mile from thefhore: buta 
 nile from fhore, you have clean fand, and about 4 
 hom atlow Water. Our Veflel floated in ciof- 
 the Fort, andlay not 20 yards from it, and 
 it low water it funk down into the mud: that 
 We could not fir the after-part, as i would. 
 
 M 3 have 
 
ahi gr at eee DT eee gta ee Re ee Se 8 SS et ae eS he. SSOP Rm aS oP OR eo ea iy 
 oe i dine 2 Lie ¢ Bacchi ie reg tes 
 
 
 
 ae oe 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 366 Trade of Opium, Pepper, and Spice, 
 44.1688 have done. Opium, which is much ufed byt 
 Sv Malayans in moft places, was agreat Commodit 
 
 here at this time: but it is prohibited Good 
 and therefore tho many asked for it, we ‘were f 
 _cfhaving ittoo openly known that we had an 
 But in thort, Mr. Coventry found a Cuftomer, an 
 they found means to get it alhore,while theSoldie 
 
 of the Fort were at dinner. The Cuftomer was 
 Duich man ; and the price -he was to pay for 
 
 was 2s muchas he was worth : and finding itt 
 
 be nought, he would have been off his bargait 
 
 and when Mr. Coventry would not releafe him, } 
 
 Es / abftonded. But Mr Coventry having an interg 
 | in the Shabander, he compelled the Mans Wife 1 
 pay for the Opium, under the name of Gold ; fort 
 
 Mz Coventry called it. The Shabander chid Mr.@ 
 ventry for {muggling with an inferiour, when | 
 might have done it better with him: but ftoodh 
 friend in compelling the Woman, tho unjuftl 
 
 to pay for the Opium. I faw this Dutch mane 
 board his own Veffel, when he had bought t 
 Opium, andhe was very penfive and fad. He had 
 pretty fine Honfe without the Gates, and a Garde 
 which maintained his Family. with Pot-herb 
 
 | Saliading, and Fruits, befides fome for the Ma 
 
 ket. This was managed by his Wife, and I 
 
 himfelf had 2 Sloops; and either imployed thet 
 
 in Trading among the Malayans for Peppél 
 
 carrying them fuch Commodities as they wante 
 q efpecialiy Opimm, or by hiring himfelf and Slog 
 ; to the Dutch Eajff India Company, to go whith 
 a they wouldfend him. It was not long fincel 
 he had been at the Spice Iflands with Rice, whit 
 he fold at a profitable rate: but he told meh 
 was not fuffered tobring any Spice from thene 
 except 8 or 10. pound for his own {pending : ne 
 ther wastherefo much profit chat way for hin, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hard Bargain, Rattan Cables. 167 
 as by Trading at home among the Adalayans, eicher 47.1688 
 on the Coaft of Malacca or Sumarta. For tho he and -~~ 
 other freeMen are not {uffered to Trade forthem- 
 
 felves to any places where theCompany haveFacto- 
 
 ies,or Guardfhips,yet they could findTrade enough 
 
 arer home, and by this Trade the Freemen of 
 Malacca pick up a good livelihood. It was on 
 
 this home Trade that he was now bound, and 
 
 the Opium had been very beneficial to_him, had it 
 
 
 
 \ 
 4 
 
 been good: but he went away, and ordered his 
 Wife not to pay for it, but lefe Mr Coventry to take 
 again ; and uponthe Shabander’s compelling her ° 
 to take itand pay forit, fhe complained they were 
 ‘utterly undone, for the Opium, when it came to be 
 “examined was really very bad, and worth little or 
 ‘nothing. 
 
 ’ Here Mr Coventry bought Iron Bars, Arack, 
 "Canes, and Rattans, wherewith we loaded our 
 | Veffel, which was now fet afloat again. The Dutch 
 brought moit of our goodsaboard, and were more 
 kind than I expeéted, for they had not ufed to 
 “Trade with us, and I believe the news of our 
 Revolution in England had {weetned them ; for they 
 often drank the Konings health with us very hear- 
 tily. While we were here we made 2 new 
 
 ) Cables of Ratcans,each of them 4 inches about.Our 
 
 | Captain bought the Rattans, and hired a Chinefe to 
 ‘work them, who was very expert at making 
 ‘fuch wooden Cables. Thefe Cables I found | 
 Vferviceable enough after, in mooring the Veffel 
 with either of them; for when I carried out 
 “the Anchor, the Cable being thrown out after 
 “me, fwam like Cork in the Sea; fo that [could 
 ‘fee when it was tight, which we cannot fo well 
 ‘difcernin our Hemp Cables, whofe weight finks 
 ‘thera down: nor can we carry them out but 
 by placing 2 or 3 Boats at fome diftance afunder, | - 
 
 [4 to 
 
 ; 
 i 
 
 iS eae © er ers 
 Oe ih 
 

 
 ee q ae 
 258 ‘They prepare to leave Malacca. | 
 
 - 4.16890 buoy up the Cable, while the Long Boat rom 
 “v~ out the Anchor, To conclude with Mala 
 
 : our goods being all aboard, we fill’d our water, 
 ae and got allina readinefs for our departure back 
 
 again. 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 é 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 CHA. 
 Pa 
 a 
 
 
 
{ 
 
 The Author departs from Malacca. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 CHAP Ix. 
 
 | The A. departs fromMalacca. They lofe a yard 
 | and return to refit. They fet out again, and 
 run on aShole, but get off with the flood. Pulo 
 Sambilong. They lofe their Maizen-yard , 
 | _ and put into Pulo Dinding. The Ifland and 
 | . Fort defcribeds the oppofiteCoaft. Tutaneg , 
 a fort of Tin. The Enmity between the Dutch 
 here, and the Malayans on the Coaft. A Ren- 
 
 Englith Prifoners out of Bengal. The A. 
 Sets out again fromAchin, and arrives at Fort 
 St George. Its pleafant Profped. He goes 
 _ thence toBencouli iz Sumatra. Its fight at 
 _ Sea. Point of Sillabar. The Scituation of Ben- 
 couli, Houfes, Weather, Soil, Fruits, Avi- 
 mals, and Inhabitants. The Pepper Trade 
 here and elfewhere.The firft fettlement of the En- 
 glith here.[he Fort 5 and ufage of the Natives. 
 Lhe Conclufion of the Supplement. | 
 
 We. departed from Malacca towards Achin about 
 the middle of November 1689. Mr Coventry 
 being weary of Captain Minchin’s Company, had 
 ought a fmall Veflel of 7 or 8 Tuns, and Jaded 
 
 her alfo with thefame kind of goods. This he 
 commanded himfelf, having a Portuguefe Pilot, and 
 3 or 4 Mariners under him, and we fet out both 
 Ships in Company tcgether. We had now in 
 Captain Minchin'’s Ship, but 2 white Men, the Cap- 
 tain and I, the Boat-fwain being gone with Mr. 
 Co- 
 
 ar Arce AT RN | eee AN RRP CS epee Oh 
 
 169 - 
 Anw688 — 
 
 wy~ 
 
 counter with them. They leave P. Dinding. 
 and arrive at Achin. The efcape of fome 
 
Web o> LR ea rch te a. Na aii es Ayre Ca a | a ee 
 
 170 The Ship runs on a shoal, 
 
 ‘An.1688 Coventry: but we took in as a Paffenger one Mr 
 yw Richards an Englifoman, who having lately married 
 a Dutch Woman at Mglacca, came abroad us with 
 
 her, to go aspaflengers*to Achiz with us. , 
 
 We had a Land Wind inthe morning, and about 
 
 11 aClock hadthe Wind at N. W.a pretty ftrong | 
 
 gale : and at 12 our fore-yard broke in the middle 
 
 We made figns to Mr. Coventry. to bear down to us 
 
 who weighing before us, was a mile to windward 
 
 ofus : but he kept on, fearing to.return, as having 
 
 bought his Ship there by flealch: and we therefore 
 returned alone into Malacca Road. As foon as we 
 anchored, Mr. Richards was fent afhore to buy 4 
 new yard; I gave him the length and bignefs. I 
 was Evening before he came aboard again, and ‘he 
 brought aboard an old yard much too big and tod 
 long for us. This piece I fhortned and shaped tom} 
 mind, and by 12 a Clock at night, had ic fixt ant 
 flung, rigg'd,and the fail bent coir. 
 Then we weighed again having a {mall landWind; 
 but the Tyde of flood was againft us, and drove u 
 tothe Eaftward. When the Ebb came we jogge¢ 
 on, and got about 3 leagues , anchoring when 
 the Flood came,becanfe the Winds were againft us 
 Thus we continued plying with theEbb,and ancho 
 ring every flood, till we came to Pu/o Parfalore where 
 the Captain told me he would not go out the fame 
 way we came in,as I would have per{waded him, bul 
 kept the Malacca Shore aboard; and paft withi” 
 the Sholes. ‘Butin a few Hours after we ran upon 
 aShole, driven on it bythe Tide of Flood, which 
 here fet to the Eaftward, tho by our Reckoning tt 
 fhould have been half Ebb, and the Flood fhould 
 have fet Weftward, as we had ic all the reft of the 
 way from Malacca : but the Sholes probably cauled 
 {ome whirling about of the Tide However,the Sand 
 we were {truck upon was not above an roo yards 
 in circumference, and the flood being rifing, we 
 "  waleeg 
 
 7a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
er.” hin ae. ce | lee oor ae Pee ee ee 
 
 
 
 P. Sambilong, P. Dinding. 
 
 Sholes lay, while our Ship was aground: Mr Ri 
 chards all the while being in great fear, teft the 
 | Malayans fhould come off in their Boats and attack 
 the Veflel. 
 _ We were now afloat again, and foon got without 
 _ all theSholes: yet we did nor ftand-over towards Su- 
 _ matra, but coafted along neareft the Malacca fhore, 
 it being now moft proper for us fo to do yet; for 
 having the winds Wefterly, we could nothave beat 
 ' under the other fhore. 2 or 3 days after this we 
 _ had fight offome Iflands called Pulo Sambilong, which 
 | in the Malayan Language fignifies nine Iflands, 
 there being fo many of them, lying fcattering ac 
 - unequal diftances from each other. It was near 
 one of thefe Iflands,that Captain Ad@inchin in a former 
 | Voyage was like tolofe hishand bya prick with aCat 
 | fifhes Fin , as [ have faid in my former Vol.p. 149. 
 | and tho his hand was cured, yet he has loft che ufe 
 of it ever fince; and is never likely to regain it more. 
 We ftood in pretty near the fhore, in hopes to 
 - gain afrefh Land Wind. About 10a Clock the 
 | [land Wind came off, a gentle breez, and we 
 | coafted along fhore. But a fmall Tornado coming 
 offfrom the fhore about midnight , we broke our 
 Mizen yard, and being near a Dutch Illand called 
 Pulo Dinding, we made in for it, and anchored there 
 the night enfuing, and found there a Datch 
 Sloop,mann’d with about 30 Soldiers ac an anchor. 
 This isafmall Ifland lying fo nigh the main, 
 that Ships pafling by cannot know it to be an 
 Ifland. Itis pretty high Land and well watered 
 with Brooks. The mold is blackifh, deep and fat 
 _ inthe lower ground : but the Hills are fomewhat 
 - Rocky, yet in general very woody. The Trees are 
 of divers forts, many of which are good Timber, 
 and large enough foranyufe. Here are alfo fome 
 good for Mafts and Yards; they being natiirally 
 Pe OR ars nin 20> 
 
 198 
 
 waited the time of high water, and then drove .49.1688 
 overit, having fent our Boat to difcover how the ~w~ 
 
172 The Fort and Banqueting Houfe. / 
 ‘An. 16ggiight.yet tough and ferviceable.There s good riding 
 wae onthe Eaft fide, between the Ifland and the Main 
 
 ’ is a low timbered Houfe, where the Governour 
 
 ~ with ftrong fhurters, and the Doors made faft cll” 
 
 WET te TRS A aa ee ne! geet 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 You may come in with the Sea breeze, and g 
 out with a Land wind, there is water enough, and 
 a fecure Harbour. 7 
 The Dutch, who are the only Inhabitants, havea 
 Fort on the Eaft fide, clofe-by the Sea, in a bend 
 ing of the Ifland, which makes a {mall Cove for 
 Ships to anchor in. The Fort is buile 4 f{quare, 
 without Flankers or Baftions, like a houfe: every 
 {quare is about ro or 12 yards. fhe Walls are_ofa 
 good thicknefs, made of ftone, and carried up toa 
 good heighth, of about 30 foot, and covered over 
 head like a dwelling Honfe. There maybe about 
 rzor 14 Gnns in it, fome looking ont at every 
 {quare. Thefe Guns are mounted on a ftrong 
 Platform, made within the Walls, about 16 Foo 
 high; and there are fteps on the outfide to afcent 
 to the Door that opens to the Platform, there be 
 ing no other way into the Fort. Here is a Go 
 vernour and about 20 or 30 Souldiers, who all 
 lodge in the Fort. The Soldiers have theirlodging 
 in the Platform among the Guns, but the Go- 
 vernour has a fair Chamber above it, where he 
 lies, with fome of the Officers. About a hundred 
 yards from the Fort on the Bay by the Sea, there” 
 
 abides all the day time, In this Houfe there were) 
 two or three Rooms for their ufe, but the chiefelt” 
 was the Governours Dining Room. This fronted 
 tothe Sea, andthe end of it looked towards the 
 Fort. There were two large Windows of about7 — 
 or 8° foor {quare; the lower part of them about 4 
 or 5 foot from the ground. Thefe Windows were 
 wont to be left open all the day, tolet in the re- 
 frefhing breeze ; but in the night, when the Go 
 vernour withdrew to the Fort, they were clofed 
 
 
 
 the 
 
 
 
Tutaneg, @ fort of Tin. - 173 
 
 _ the next day. The Continent of Malacca op-4%1688. 
  pofite to the Ifland, is pretty low champion Land, ~~~ 
 _ cloathed with lofty Woods ; and right againft the 
 
 Bay where the Dutch Fort ftands, there is a naviga- 
 
 ble River for fmall craft. 
 
 _ . The product of the Country thereabouts, befides 
 
 Rice and other eatables, is Tutaneg, afort of Tin; 
 
 - Ithink courfer than ours. The Natives are Ma- 
 
 _ layans, who, as-I have always obferved, are bold 
 
 and treacherous : yetthe trading people are afta- 
 
 ble and courteous to Merchants. 
 
 Thefe are in all refpeds, as to their Religion, 
 Cuftom, and manner of Living, like other Ma-> 
 layans. Whether they are governed by a King or 
 Raja, or what other manner of. Government they 
 liveunder Iknow not. They have Canoas and 
 Boats of their own, and with thefe they fith and 
 trafiick among themfelves: but the Tin Trade is 
 that which has formerly drawn Merchant Strangers 
 thither. But tho the Country might probably yield 
 great quantities of this metal, and the Natives are 
 _ not only inclinable, but very defirous to trade with 
 _ Strangers, yet are they now reftrained by the 
 _ Dutch, who have monopoliz’d that Trade. to them- 
 felves. It was probably for the lucre of this Trade 
 that the Dutch built the Fort on the Ifland ; but this 
 not wholly anfwering their ends, by reafon of the 
 diftance between it and the Rivers mouth, which 
 is about 4or 5 miles, they have alfo a Guardfhip 
 commonly lying here, and a Sloop with 20 or 30 
 armed men, to hinder other Nations from this 
 Trade. For this Tutaneg or Tin is a valuable Com-~ 
 modity in the Bay of Bengal, and here purchafed rea- 
 fonably, by giving other Commodities in exchange: 
 |. neither is this Commodity peculiarly found here- 
 
 abouts, but farther Northerly ‘alfo on the Coaft ; 
 and particularly in the Kingdom. of Queda there is 
 much of it: The Dutch alfo commonly keep a 
 5 Guard- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42.1688 Guardhhip, and have made fome fruitlefs effays to 
 &v~™ bring that Prince and his Subjeés to trade only 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 All Provifions imported to P. Dinding. 
 
 s 
 with them; but here, over againft P.Dinding, no 
 
 {trangers dare approach to trade; neither may any 
 Ship come in hither but with confent of the Dutch, 
 Therefore as foon as we came to an Anchor at th 
 Eaft end of the Ifland, we fent our Boat ashore tc 
 the Governour, to defire leave to wood, . water, 
 and cut a new Mizen-yard. He granted our re: 
 queft, andthe Boat returned again aboard, and 
 brought word alfo that Mr Coventry touch’d here te 
 _ water, and went out that morning. The nex 
 morning betimes Captain Minchin fent me afhor 
 
 to cut a Yard. I applyed my felf to the Gover. 
 
 nour,and defired one of his Souldiers might go wit! 
 me, and fhew me the beft Timber for that ufe 
 
 but he excufed himfelf, faying that his Souldiers 
 
 were all bufie at prefent, but that I might go and 
 cutany Tree that [liked. So Lwentinto the Woods 
 
 where I faw abundance of very fine ftrait Trees, an¢ 
 
 cut down fuchan one as I thought fit for my turn’ 
 
 and cutting it ofa juft length, and ftripping off tht 
 
 Bark,] left it ready to be fetcht away,and return’d tt 
 
 the Fort, where I dined with the Governor. Pre 
 
 fently after dinner, our Captain, with Mr Richard 
 
 and his Wife came afhore, and I went aboard, 
 
 ‘The Governor met them at landing, and condué 
 
 ed them into the Dining Room I {poke of, where 
 
 they treated the Governor with Punch, made of 
 
 Brandy Sugar, and Lime-juice, which they brought 
 
 with them from aboard: for here is nothing, not 
 
 ' fo much as the Governors drink, bute what & 
 brought from Malacca : no Herbs or Fruit growing 
 here: but allis either fetcht from Malacca, or 
 brought by the Malayans from the main. It is not 
 through any fterility in the Soyl, for that is very 
 fat, and fruitful: neither is ic through lazinefs of 
 the Dutch, forthat is a Vice they «re not ety 
 ut 
 
 ta) 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ? An alarm from the Malayans. 175 
 but it is from a continual fear of the Malayans, with An.1688 
 whom tho they have a Commierce,yet dare they not “ww 
 tuft them fo far, asto be ranging about the Ifland : 
 
 in any work of Husbandry, orindeedto go far from 
 
 the Fort, for there only they are fafe. But 
 
 fo return to the Governour , he, to retalliate 
 
 the Captains and Mr Richards’s kindnefs, fent 
 a Boat a fifhing , to get fome better entertain- | 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 tainment for his Guefts, than the Fort yielded at 
 prefent. About 4 or 52 Clock the Boat returned | | 
 with a good difh of Fifh. Thefe were immediately | 
 dreft for Supper, and the Boat was fent out again | | 
 to get more, for Mr Richards and his Lady to carry | 
 aboard with them. In the mean time the Food. | 
 was brought into the Dining Room, and placed . 
 On the Table. The Difhes and Plates were of 
 ilver,and there was a Silver Punch Bow! full of Li- | 
 juor. The Governour, his Guefts, and fome of his H 
 Officers were feated,but juftas they began to fall to, 
 One of the Souldiers cried out, Adalayans, and fpoil’d 
 the entertainment: for immediately the Governor, | 
 Withoutfpeaking one word, leapt our of one of | 
 the Windows, to get as {oon as he could to the Fort. 
 
 His Officers followed, and all the Servants that at- 
 
 fended were foonin motion. Every one of them 
 
 took the neareft way, fome out of the Windows | 
 Others out of the Doors, leaving the 3 guefts b | 
 hemfelves, who foon followed with all the hafie 
 hey could make, without knowing the nieaning of 
 
 hisfudden confternation of the Governor and his } 
 eople.But by that time theCapt.andM rRichards and E : 
 his Wife were got tothe Fort, the Governour who 
 Was arrived before , ftood at the door to re. 
 eive them. As foon as they were entered the | 
 Fort, the door was fhut, all the Souldiers and Ser- : 
 fants being within already : nor Was any man fuf- J aa 
 ered to fetch away the Vidctuals, Or any of the } 
 Plate; but they fired feveral Guns, to give notice i 
 to 
 
 
 
“a eee, = re we asdee: Ce ed ee 
 dine Bae a § a 
 ‘tae 
 c ’ 
 
 
 
 276 Indians loth to fight inthe Rain. 
 4n¥688 to the Malayans that they were ready for them ; 
 &¥~™ but none of them came on. For this uproar was 
 occafioned by a Malayan Canoa full of armed men, 
 that lay skulking under the Ifland, clofe by the 
 fhore: and when the Dutch Boat went out the fe- 
 cond time to fifh, the Malayans fet on them fud 
 denly, and unexpected, with their Creflets and 
 Lances, and killing one or two, the reft leapt. over- 
 board, and got away, for they were clofe by the 
 fhore; and they having no Arms were not able to 
 have made any refiftance. It was about a mile 
 from the Fort: and being landed, every one of 
 them made what hatte he could to the Fort, and 
 the firft that arrived was he who cried in that man- 
 ner, .and frighted the Governour from Supper 
 Our Boat was at this time afhore for water, and 
 was filling ic, in a {mall brook by the Banquetting- 
 honfe. I know nor whether our Boats crew took 
 notice of the Alarm, but the Dutch call’d to them; 
 and bid them make hafte aboard, which they did ; 
 and this madeus keep good watchall night, having 
 all our Guns loaden.and primed for fervice. But it 
 rained fo hard all the night, that I did not much 
 fear being attacked by any Maleyans ; being inform- 
 ed by one of ourSea:men whom we took in at Ma 
 _lacca; that the Malayans feldom or never make any, 
 attack when it rains... It is what I had before ob- 
 ferved. of other Indians, both Eaf and We? : and 
 tho chen they might make their attacks with the 
 greate{t advantageon men armed with Hand Guns, 
 yet Dnever knew it practifed ; at which I have 
 wondered, for ’tis then that we moft fear them, 
 and they might be then moft fuccefsful, becaufé 
 their Arms, which are ufually Lances and Creffets, 
 which thefe A4alayans had,could not be damaged by 
 the rain, as our Guns would be. But they cannot 
 endure to bein the rain: and ‘twas in the evening, 
 
 before the Rain fell, that they affaulted the 
 : Dutch” 
 

 
 The Author's laft Arrival at Achin. 
 
 Dutch Boat. The next morning the Dutch Sloop An.1689 
 
 _ weighed, and went to look after the Malayans: but ~~~ 
 
 _ having failed about the Ifland, and feeing no Ene- 
 mies, they anchored again. I alfo fent men afhore 
 in our Boat to bring off the Mizan-yard that I had 
 cut the day before: but it was fo heavy a kind of 
 Timber, that they could not bring it out of the 
 ' Woods. Captain Minchin was ftill afhore, and he 
 _ being acquainted with it, defired the Governour to © 
 fend a Souldier, to fhew our men what Trees were 
 beft for our ufe : which he did, and they’ prefently 
 cut afmall Tree, about the bignefs and length of 
 that which I cut, and brought it aboard. Iimme- 
 diately went to work, and having fitted it for ufe, 
 bent my Sail, and hoyfed ic up inits place. Inthe 
 ' Evening Captain Minchin and Mr Richards and his 
 ' Wife came aboard, having ftaid one night ac che 
 | Fort ; and told me all that happened to them 
 _ afhore. 
 
 | We now waited only fora Land Wind tocarry 
 usout, The former part of the night we had much 
 Rain, with Thunder and Lightning ; but no Wind. 
 _ At onea clock we had a fmall Land Wind, and got 
 - up our Anchors. Wegot out before day clear of the 
 - Ifland,and we fieered along fhore to the North-ward 
 | intending to keep this fhore aboard for 20 of 3@ 
 “leagues farther,; if the windsdid not favour us; for 
 the Sea Winds were now at N. W. This day we kept 
 near the fhore, and the night enfuing ; but thenexe 
 ~day the Wind coming at N.and N. N. E. we ftood 
 over for Sumatra, and the next evening we paft by 
 Diamond Point: and the wind coming at E. N. E. 
 | we got, in about two days more, to Achim, about the 
 vend ‘of November 1689. | 
 
 _ Here we found Mr Coventry, who had got hither. 
 /2 or 3 days before us. Captain Minchin went afhore 
 “with his Paflengers, and was difcharged of hisCom- 
 -mand. I kept aboard till all the goods were unla- 
 den, and then lay afhore, and was Very fick for a 
 i ) N fOre- 
 
 OTRO 
 mb 
 
 es 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 178 =—ss«SThe A,’s final departure from Achin. 4 
 'An.1690 fortnight of a kind of Fever. But after Chrifmas 1 
 —v~— was fent aboard:again, by order of Mr Coventry, 
 , who had then bought out Mr Dalton’s and Capt. Ti- 
 
 ler’s fhares, to take charge of the Veffel, which he® 
 
 then laded with Pepper , Cubebs ( which I think], 
 
 grow fomewhere in Sumatra) and Tutanegg , whic 
 
 he bought of an Englifh Veffel that came from Queda 
 
 to Achin; and with thefe he had alfo fome of our 
 Malacca Cargo, which we kept on board, viz. Rat- 
 
 tans and Walking-canes. With this Cargo we were 
 
 bound for Fort St.George. We tookin allo two Ens 
 
 glifn Paflengers, who had efcap’d out of Prifon in 
 
 the Mogul’s Country. The one belong’d to the De- 
 
 fence, Captain Heath's Ship, which I came home to 
 England in afterwards; he was Purfer of it :the other 
 
 was Midfhip man in thePrince/s Anne,which return’d 
 
 to England at the fame time. But during our War 
 
 with the Afogul thefe Ships had been in the Bay of 
 
 Bengal, to fetch away our effects from the R. of 
 
 Hugiy. Thefe 2 men, with 2 or 3 others, went a: 
 
 fhore upon fome occafion, and were taken Prifoners 
 
 by the Adogul’s Subjects ; who fent them a greatway 
 
 up into the Country, where they were kept in 
 
 clofe Cuftody, and often threatned with Death 
 
 , The old Auabob, or Governour of the Province,bes 
 ing remov’d, anda new one coming thither, he re 
 
 leafed thefe men, and gave them leave to go to the 
 
 Sea fide, where finding a Dutch Ship bound to Bata 
 
 % via, thefe 2 and one more went aboard her, the 
 : reft getting other paflage: but fhe meeting wich 
 | - that Englifh Ship coming from Queda, which brought 
 the Tztanegg I but now mention’d to Achin, they 
 left the Dutch Ship,*and went to <Achin with thé 
 other Englifh Veflel ; and thofe 2 were now for go 
 ing with us to Fort St Geerge, ! | 
 ?Twas about New-years day, 1690. that we fe 
 out from Achin again: We fteered away toware 
 the Nicobar Iflands, and came in fight of that, whicl 
 I had formerly been ferafhore upon. But leaving 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bae tet ee * 
 J 
 
 Arrival at F. St George, and Bencouli. 
 
 into the Bay ; for by Mr Coventry Thad learnt there 
 were Northerly and North Eafterly Winds in the 
 Bay at this time of year. We ftood over therefore 
 high as Pallacat ; and having then a fair North 
 aft Wind, we runalong the Coaft till we came 
 efore Fort St George, which was about the middle - 
 £ Fanuary. 
 Iwas much pleafed with the Beautiful profpeé 
 is place makes offat Sea. Foor it ftands in a plain 
 andy {pot of Ground, clofe by the fhore, the Sea 
 fometimes wafhing its Walls ; which are of Stone 
 and high, with Half Moons and Flankers, and a 
 great many Guns mounted on theBattlements: fo that 
 what with the Walls and fine Buildings within the 
 Fort, the large Town of Maderas without it, the 
 Pyramids of the Englifh Tombs, Houfes and Gar- 
 dens adjacent, and the variety of fine Trees {cat- 
 rd upanddown, it makesas agreeable a Landskip 
 I have any where feen. 
 But ’tis not my defign to enter into a Defcription 
 ota place fo well known to my Country-men as 
 ‘this is. It may fuffice to have mentioned it ; and 
 “that after fome months ftay here, and meeting with 
 MrMoody and ‘feoly the painted Prince, I prepared to 
 go for Sumatra again; to Bencouli, as 1 have faidin my 
 rmer Vol.p. 512: I fet out from Fort St George with 
 aptain Howel in Fuly, 1690. we fteered a pretty 
 way along the Coat of Coromandel, before we itood 
 Over for Sumatra ; and then made the beft of our 
 ay for Bencouli. 1 have in that Volume fpoken of - 
 y Arrival there: but having given no account of 
 he place, I thall do it briefly now, and fo shut up 
 is Supplement. : 
  Bencouli \yes on the Weft Coaft of thelfland of Su- 
 “matra, inabout 4d.§. Lat. It isa place noted 
 nough at Sea, by reafon of a high flender Hill in 
 he Country. [t has afmall Ifland before it within 
 hich Ships ride. The point of Sillabar lies 2 or 3 
 ; N 2 Leagues 
 
 
 
 it on our Star-board, we ftood more Northerly up As.1690 
 
vr, eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 180 Bencouli d. Building, Weather, Soil. 4 
 ‘An 690 leagues to the Southward of it, and runs out farther | 
 ~~~ than any part of the fhore, making a {mall bay || 
 within it.. Befides thefe marks, when you come® | 
 within 2 or 3 Leagues of the fhore, you'll fee the 
 ’ Englifo Fort fronting to the Sea, which makes a fine 
 fhow: Onthe N. W.of the Fort is a {mall River, 
 atthe mouth of which isa large Store-houfe to put, 
 Pepper in. About a quarter of a mile from the Sea 
 ftands afmall Indian Village, clofe by the River, on 
 the fame fide that the Fort ison, and buta {mall 
 diftance from it. The -Houfes are {mall 
 and Jow, all buile on pofts, after the Malayan® 
 manner, as at Mindanao and Achin ; for’tisa Swamp. 
 that the Town ftands on: but the Afalayans ufually 
 ‘choofeto build in fuchlow places near Rivers, for™ 
 the convenience of wafhing themfelves, which® 
 they greatly delight in ; as ‘tis indeed a part of their® 
 Religon as Mabemetans: and if they can, they) 
 will have theirHoufes ftand on pofts over the River, 
 The Weather here is none of the pleafantefty 
 There are great Rains, chiefly in September, October, 
 and November, and pretty great heats. But when 
 the Wind blew hard, which ‘twould often do, thé 
 Air would bechill : and the Sea-breezes in fair wea- 
 ther were generally pretty frefh and comfortable. 
 The Land Winds coming over Swamps, ufually 
 brought aftink with them. ‘Tis in general an un- 
 healthy place; and the Soldiers of the Fort weré 
 fickly and died very faft. Onthe South fide ofthe 
 Fort is a fair champion Savannah, of a mile or 2 
 Square, called Greenbil. It produces long thick Grafs: 
 the N W. part of it fronts the Sea, and the S:E. is 
 bounded*with lofty Woods. 4 
 The Soil of thisCountry is very different,accords 
 ingto ics different pofition : for within Land ’tis 
 hilly, yee thofe hills are cloathed with Treess 
 which fhews it to be fruitful enough. The low 
 Land, near the River, efpecially near the Sea, is@ 
 
 {wampy, producing nothing but Reeds, or vg 
 : ds ' pace 
 
 
 
Trees, Fruits, Beafts, Birds, Malayans. 18. 
 _ but the higher ground, which is of a reafona- An.1699 
 | - ble heigth, is very fruitful. The mould is deep, and —y~ 
 _ is either black or yellow: and in fome places 
 clay ; or fuch mould as is very proper for making : 
 Bricks. 
 | The Trees in the Woods are moftly large bodied , 
 | ftraight and call: they are of divers forts, fome or 
 other ofthem fit for any ufes. The Fruits of the 
 Country are much the fame as at Achin and Malac- 
 ca,viz. Limes,Oranges,Guava’s,Plantains, Bonanoes, 
 Coco-Nuts, Jacks, Durians, Mangoes, Mangaftans, 
 Pompkins, Pine-apples, and Pepper. The Roots are 
 Yams ,andPotatoes:Rice grows here pretty well alfo; 
 but whether the Natives fow enough for their own 
 {pending or no, I know not. The Land Animals 
 are Buffaloes, Bullocks, Deer, Wild Hogs, Porcu- 
 pines, Guanoes, Lizards, Gc. The tame Fowls are | 
 _ Ducks and Dung-hill Fowls, both in great plenty. 
 _,. The wild Fowl are Parrots, Parakites, Pidgeons, 
 _~ Turtle-Doves, and many forts of {maller Birds. 
 ) The Natives alfo are fwarthy Indians like their 
 Neighbours of Achin. They are flender, ftraight, 
 active, andinduftrious. ‘They are fociable and defi- 
 rous of Trade: but if they are affronted,they are trea- 
 cherous and revengeful. They live together in 
 ' Towns; and fpeak the Adalayan Language : con- 
 _ forming themfelves in their habic, food, and cu- 
 > ftoms to other Malayans; who are all, fo far asI 
 learnt, of the Mahometan Religion. Thereare fome 
 Mechanicks among them; a few Smiths: but moft 
 of them are Carperters, and. let themfelves out to 
 ' hire tothe Engiifh at the Fort. The Hatchets they 
 _ work with are fuch as they ufe at Mindanao, focon- 
 _ trived as toferve alfo foran Ads. Here are alfo 
 Fifhermen, who get a livelihood by Fifhing ; and 
 there are feveral forts of Fifh on the Coaft, befides 
 plenty of Green Turtle: fuch of the Malayans as 
 | live near the Engijh Fort are ufually employed 
 in the Eaf# India Companies fervice, to work for 
 them : 
 
 
 
 
 e 
 Hy 
 
 
 
 ¥82 Pepper, its Growth and Trade, i 
 ‘An.xégothem: but the Country people are moft Husband- 
 wey~wmen. They plant Roots, Rice, Pepper bufhes, dc. — 
 
 | - Pepper is the chief vendible Commodity in this 7 
 
 Country. It thrives very well on all the Coaft 5 @ 
 
 but the greateft quantity of what is exported from @ 
 
 hence, is either brought down this River out ofthe © 
 
 Country ,or fetched from Silabar, or other places bor- 
 
 dering en the Sea,in fmallVeffels.Pepper’grows plenty | 
 
 in other places of this Ifland; as at Indrapore, Pan- © 
 gafanam, Famby, Bancals, Oc. Xt grows.alfoon the @ 
 
 Hland ‘fava, on the Coafts of Malacca, Malabar, © 
 
 Cochinchina, Gc. The Coaft of Malabar is faid to @ 
 
 produce the beft ; or at leaft chere the Natives\take @ 
 
 moft care to have the beft, by letting itgrow tillicis @ 
 full ripe; for which reafon it is larger and fairer than @ 
 here, where they gather it toofoon, toavoid Jofing @ 
 any: foras foon as it grows ripe, ‘tis aptto fhedand @ 
 fallin wafte to the ground. 
 
 It wasthe Pepper Trade that drew our Enzglifh — 
 
 Merchants to fettle here. For after Bantam was @ 
 
 loft, our Exglifh who were wont to trade thither for — 
 
 this Spice, were at a great lofs to regainthe Pepper — 
 
 Trade, which now was in a manner fallen with the © 
 
 other forts of Spice into the hands of the Dutch: Tho — 
 
 the Pepper which we were wont to fetch from Ban- 
 tam didnot all grow on ths Ifland ‘fava, nor perhaps / 
 the tenth part of it; for asl have been informed it — 
 came moft from Sumatra, particularly from Bencouli, © 
 and the adjacent parts. For this reafon it behoved — 
 our Merchants to get an-Intereft here to prop up © 
 their declining Trade. Yet, as I have been told, | 
 thefuccefs was more owing to the Natives of this 
 place than themfelves ; for that fome of the Raja’s | 
 ofthe Country fent Ambaffadors to Fort St. George 
 to invite the Englifb hither to: take poffeffion, be- 
 fore the Dutch fhould getit; who are never flack to © 
 promote their intereit, and were now fetting out 
 onthe fame defign. But however that were, the 
 
 Englifh had the good fortune to get hither firft:: 
 
 3 | ~~ though | 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 ae ee et 7. ae ee Pe Ie CCR Pee eee ee ee oe ee Ta) eae es ee 
 
 Bencouil. Fort deferib’d Raja's abus’d. 
 
 pdt ltt N ik peli de. 
 
 183 
 
 though fo narrowly, that the Dutch were within an An.1690 
 aCe of preventing them, their Ships being in fight “~w™? 
 
 before our Men got ashore. But the Dutch coming 
 thus toolate, were put by of their defigns; for the 
 Englifh immediately got afhore fome Guns, and 
 ftood ready. to defend their intereft, This might 
 
 happen about the year 1685, as I was’ informed; 
 
 for they told me it was 5 or 6 years before J came 
 
 hither: and the Englifh immediately fortified them- - 
 
 felves. The Fort, as I faid before, fronts to the 
 Sea, and ftands about 100 paces from the River. 
 There has been a great deal of coft beftowed on it, 
 
 but tolittle purpofe ; for ’tis che moft irregular piece 
 
 I ever faw. I told the Governor the beft way was 
 to new Model it, and face it with Stone or Brick, 
 either of which might beeafily had. He faid he 
 liked my Counfel, but being faving for the Com- 
 pany, he rather chofe to repair it, by the making 
 
 | fome Alterations : but ftill to as little purpofe, for 
 
 ‘twas all made ground, and having no age to keep 
 it up, twould moulder away everyWet Seafon, and 
 theGuns often fall down into theDitches.What was 
 poflible to be done I endeavoured todo while | was 
 there. I made the FRaltionsas regular as I could. 
 upon the Model they were made by: and whereas 
 
 | the Fort was defigned to bea Pentagone, and there 
 
 were but 4 of the Baftions made, I ftaked out 
 
 - ground fora sth, and drew a Plan of it, which I 
 
 gave the Government; and had I ftaid longer I 
 fhould have made up the other Baftion: but the 
 
 » whole Plan is too big by half for fo forry a Garrifon ; 
 
 and the beft way of mending it, is to demolifh all 
 of it, and make a new one. 
 
 The Fort was but forrily governed when I was 
 there; nor was there thatcare taken to keep a fair 
 Correfpondence with the Natives in the Neighbour- 
 hood, as 1 think oughe ta be, in all Trading places 
 efpecially.When I caine thither therewere 2 Neigh- 
 bouring Raja’s in the Stocks; for no other Reafon,but 
 
 eM) ae be 
 
A A ae ee ee eS ee 
 
 \ 
 
 under the Conduct of one of thefe Raja's. But the © 
 
 -myfelf ; wM&tch is not fo material, that I fhould need | 
 
 _ Bencouli : andthe particulars of my Voyage thence to 
 
 184 Cock-Fighting. Conclufion of the Supplemeng: ‘ 
 4n.1690 becaufe they had not brought down to the Fort fuch _ 
 “ve a quantity of Pepper, as the Governor had fent for.” 
 
 Yer theleRayja’s rule in theCountrey,and have aconfi- * 
 derable number ofSubjects: who were fo exafperated 
 at thefe infolences, that, as I have fince been in-. 
 formed, they came down and affaulted the Fort, © 
 
 Fort, as badas itis, is Guard enough againft fuch © 
 indifferent Souldiers as they are: who tho they 
 have Courage enough, yet {carce any Arms befides — 
 Back-Swords, Creflets, and Lances, nor skill to ufe © 
 Artillery ifthey hadit. At another time they made — 
 an attempt to furprize the Fort , under Pretence of 
 a Cock match ; to which they hopedthe Garrifon — 
 would come out, to fhare in the Sport, and fothe — 
 Fort be left with fmall defence. For the Malayans 
 here are great Lovers of Cock-fighting, and there — 
 were about 1ooo of them got together about this — 
 Match, while their armed Men lay inambufh. But — 
 it fo hapened that none of the Garrifon went out to © 
 the Cockmatch, but one ‘fobn Necklin, a Dane, who © 
 was a greatGamefter himfelf:and he difcoveringthe — 
 Ambujh, gave notice of it to the Governor ; who — 
 was in diforder enough upon their approach : but a | 
 few of the great Guns drove them away. 4 
 
 Thave nothing more to add, but what concerns | 
 
 to trouble the Reader with it. I have faidin my for- | 
 merVolume, p. 519. upon what motives [ left 
 
 England are alfo in that Volume: fo that I may here | 
 
 conclude this Supplement to my Voyage round the 
 World, 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 
 

 
 <s 
 
 Fe mt ong 
 ee 
 
 ses 
 ee 
 Pr aS 
 
 ville de. Uose 
 -— Ei stajaa 
 ieee Cn oe ue po 
 
 TEN 
 
 CLera 
 
 
 
 Part’ of CuBa;l. 
 Cc, SAntonio 4 ZZ 23 
 
 ; SPagerbead Key 
 
 => 
 - Z| EES SSE SU eae 
 Wwe 
 Pie: 
 
 eee | 
 
 Chywnchunchy a 
 Merida ‘Y 
 “9 
 
 Valladolid ee 
 "YUCATAN 
 
 ae dt 
 
 _ ee a S 
 
 —— 
 
 oe <a > wes ~Z, he Chetumal 
 
 | A Map of the 
 Bay OF CAMPECHY 
 
 Dee 20 46 
 aes Toh Ly odes 20 ss 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pe Dampier’s Voyages 
 Bis. Aoabaghss O TH B 
 
 Bay ‘Ot ty anpealy. 
 Vol. IL. Part IL 
 c Sagal’ an Account of the Bay 
 4 and Parts adjacent. 
 i GH A Bat. 
 [ j The Aathov’s fir gong to Sea, to France, to New- 
 | there, and. firft Voyage to Campeachy. The 
 
 foundland, and after to the Eaft Indies. Hes 
 q 4 if Esp and North of Jucatan defcrtbed. Key- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ fetteng out for the Weft Indies. Of Sz. Lucia, 
 _ the Caribbe-Indians, and Captain Warner. He 
 
 _~ The Mount and its Salt-Petre. Earth.The Indian 
 
 i Lookouts, Rio de la Gartos, Salt-Ponds, 
 Selam, Sifal, and Cape Condecedo. His 
 a ff Arrival at sre Trift, in the Bay of 
 
 Bt - Can 
 
 of Campeachy in the Weft Indies , 
 
 arrives at Jamaica ; ; His Aboad andTravels 
 
 3 Mugere,Cape Catoch,and its Logwood- Cutting ; | 
 Towns , the Tarpom-Fith, Fifhermen, and . 
 
 
 
 : 
 . 
 
 a ee — 
 
Campeachy: His anchoring at OneButht 
 Key, and Entertainment among the Logvwoo A 
 
 De? 
 
 ‘Cutters. The efcape of four English Prifoners 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for Jamaica, and 1s chafed by two Spanifh 
 Veffels. The difficulty of their Paffageback, and 
 hss falling foul of the Alcranes es. Th 
 Boobies and Egg Birds there, &c. ‘Sword-Eih 
 Wurfes, Seals, 8c, Of Captain Long and oth 
 Shipwrackd here. The Soundings bhevreabou 
 He paffes through the Colorado Shoals, an 
 | Anchors near Gape St, Antonio in Cuba ; am 
 coating by the Ifland of Pines, Anchors at the 
 Ijand of Grand Kayman. He goes back ani 
 Anchors at Ifland Pines, sts Produét, Racoons 
 Land-Grabs, fierce Evocodiles, Cattle, &c. Hi 
 
 at Jamaica 
 
 Mong other things referr’d to in my for nef 
 A Volume, I mentioned an Account I intende 
 to give of the Bay of Campeachy, where 
 
 lived firft and laft about. 3 Years. I tha 
 
 now difcharge my felf of that Promifé , and beca if 
 my Campeachy-Voyages were, in order of time, before 
 that round the World, 1 thall upon this occafion x 
 fo far back as_to fpeak briefly of my: firft soing t0 
 Sea, and the Rambles I made till my ‘fetting out 
 Campeachy. . q 
 My Friends did not originally defign me for ne 
 Sea, but bred me at School till I came to Yeats 
 ft for a Trade. But upon the Death of my 
 Father and Mother, they who had the difpofil of 
 me, took other Meafures; and having remov'd me 
 from the Latine School to learn re a | 
 | ts 
 
‘The Authors firft going to Sea: 7 
 Arithmetick, they foonafter plac'd me with a Mafter Ap. 1673. 
 of a Ship at Weymouth, complying with the Incli- yd) 
 nations I had very early of fecing the World: VVith 
 him I made a fhort Voyage to France; and teturn- 
 ing thence, went to Newfoundland, being then 
 sabout Eighteen Years of Age. In this Voyage 
 I {pent one Summer , but fo pinched with the rigour 
 of that cold Climate, that upon my return I was 
 -abfolutely againft going to thofé parts of the World, 
 “but went home again to my Friends. Yet going up, a 
 while after to London,the offer of'a warm Voyage and 
 ‘a long one,both which! always defiredfoon carried me 
 to Sea again. For hearing of an Outward-bound 
 Eaft IndiaMan, the Fobn and Martha of London, 
 Capt. Earning Commander, I entred my {élf aboard, 
 and was employed before the Maft, for which my 
 ‘two former Voyages had fome way qualified me. 
 /VVe went direftly for Baxtam in the Ille of Fava, 
 and ftaying there about two Months, came home 
 inin little more than a Year ; touching at Sz. Fago 
 Bf the Cape Verd (lands at our going out, and at 
 Afcenfion in our return. In this Voyage I gain’d more 
 experience in Navigation, but kept no Journal. VVe 
 ‘artived at Plimouth about two Months before Sir 
 Robert Holms went out to fall upon the Durch Smyrna 
 Fleet ; andthe fecond Durch Warsbreaking out upon 
 this, I forbore going to Sea that Summer, retiring to 
 y Brother in Somerfet/fhire. But growing weary of 
 ying afhore, I lifted my {elf on Board the Royal 
 wmce , Commanded by Sir Edward Sprag, 
 d ferved under him in the Year 1673. being 
 
 e laft of the Dutch War. VWVethad three En- 
 gements that Summer, 1 was in two of them, but 
 Hing very fick, Iwas put a Board an Hofpital Shzp, 
 day or two before the third Engagement, fécing 
 at a diftance only ; and inthis Sir Edward Sprag 
 as kill’d. Soon after I was fent to Harwich, with 
 ile A 22 the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 4. 
 
 An, 1674. tne te{t of the Sick and wounded: And having langu 
 “W™ fhed a great while, I went home to my Brother t 
 
 _ my Native Parifh, made me a feafonable of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 recover my health. . . j 
 
 By this time the War with the Dutch was cor 
 cluded ; and with my health, I recovered my ol 
 inclination for the Sea. A Neighbouring Gentlem 
 Collonel Hellier of Eaft-Coker in Somerfetfhire 
 
 to go and manage a Plantation of his in Famaicaum 
 one Mr. Whalley: for which place I fet out wi 
 Capt. Kent inthe Content of London. q 
 { was then about 22 Years old, and had never be 
 inthe Weft Indies; and therefore, left I might! 
 trapan’d and fold as a Servant after my arrival i 
 jamaica, \ agreed with Capt. Kent to work as¥ 
 Seaman for my Paffage, and had it under his hand 
 be cleatd at our firft arrival. We failed out of 1 
 River Thames in the beginning of the Year. 1674.4 
 meeting with favourable Winds in a fhort tim 
 got into the Trade-wind and. went merrily along 
 ftsering for the Ifland Barbadoes. When we. cath 
 in fight of it Captain Kenr told his Paffengers, 
 they would pay his Port-Charges he would anch 
 in the Road, and ftop whilftthey got refrefhmet 
 But the Merchams not caring to part with 
 Money, he bore away, dire€ting his Courfé towattl 
 Jamaica, : 7 
 The next Ifland that appeared in our view ¥ 
 St.Lucia. ’Tis diftant from Barbadoes about 30 Leagi 
 and very wealthy in large Timber-Trees fit forall 
 ufes. For this Reafon *tis often vifited by the E 
 glifh, who ftock thent&lves here with Rollers, @% 
 They have endeavoured to fettle an Englijh @ 
 fony there, but hitherto unfuccefsfully, becaufe 0 
 the Caribbe-Indians. , ! a 
 _ The Caribbees ate a fort of Warlike Indians, & 
 lighting to rove on the Sea in Periagoes or lag 
 Canoes, Their chiefeft Habitations are on the mail 
 
Peer ee Se ee ala ts: 7 ere ea a oF rr ee OF ame 
 lpia pe Sigh a Se rae aaa ee TE ih Oe ee ae nt Ee eC Meet Ream 
 
 ‘ 3 a Sen : 5 es ‘ 
 
 ; i : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Garthee-Indians. 5 
 ut at certain Seafons of the Year they vifit the 47.1674, 
 ands for their pleafure. Barbadoes was former. “Ye 
 much frequented by them ; but fince the En- 
 glifh fettled there they have been forced to 
 bandon it, and content themfelves in their Sea- 
 Voyages, or with fuch Iflands only as are 
 not poflefSd by the Europeans , except where they 
 ve hopes of conquering ; as they have done at 
 . Lucia. 
 Near the Main where thefe Indians live , lies 
 Dabago, which , when it was firft fettled by the 
 Dutch, was much infefted by them. Thefe Indi- 
 s, as I have heard, had formerly Planta- 
 ons on moft of the Caribbe Ifands ; and in their 
 a Voyages did ufe to remain 3 Weeks or a Month 
 at atime on an Ifland, and then remove to ano- 
 ther ; and fo vifit moft of them before their re- 
 n to the main. | 
 St. Vincent is another of thefe Ilands lying near 
 Ot. Lucia: We pafled between them; and feeing 
 a fmoke on St. Lucia, we {ent our Boat afhore there. 
 Our Men found fome of the Caribee-Indians, and 
 “bought of them Plantains, Bonanos, Pine Apples, 
 and Sugar Canes ; and returning aboard again,there 
 me with them a Canoa with 3 or 4 of the Izdians. 
 efe often repeated the word Captain Warner, and 
 med to be in fome difquiet about him. We 
 d not then underftand the meaning of it ,; but 
 ce I have been informed that this Captain War- 
 7, whom they mentioned, was born at Avtego, 
 one of our Englifh Iflands, and the Sonof Gover- 
 t Warner, by an Indian Woman, and bred up by 
 Father after the Exgli/h manner ; he lear- 
 d the Indian Language alfo of his Mother ; but 
 B grown up, and finding himfelf defpifed by his 
 glifh Kindred, he forfook his Fathers Houle , 
 t away to St. Lucia, and there lived among 
 @ Caribbe Indians, his Relations by the Mother, 
 7 Bb 3 fide. 
 
 
 
eer ea he Se 7 a yee. mee. eee, Soe ve ae le! Ba ESR eT ee eee te 9 ae ae ii, Rec 5 | 
 i ‘ v ba Beli ti a. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bi 
 
 6 Indian Warner kill'd; i 
  ‘An.1674, fide. Where conforming himfelf to their Cy 
 “LAA ftoms he became one of their Captains, and toved 
 , from one Ifland to another, as they did. About 
 this time the Caribbees had done fome fpoil on 
 our Englifh Plantations at Atego: and therefore 
 Governour Warner's Son by his Wife, took a Party 
 of Men and went to fupprefs thofe Indians , and came 
 to the place where his Brother the Indian Warne 
 lived. Great feeming Joy there was at their Mee 
 ing ; but how far it wasrealthe Event fhewed; fo 
 the Englifh Warner providing plenty of Liquor, ant 
 inviting his half Brother to be merry with him, 1 
 the midft of his Entertainment ordered his Mé 
 
 upon a fignal given to murder him and all hi 
 
 Indians ; which was accordingly performed. 
 Reafon of this inhumane Action is diverfly repo 
 ted ; Some fay that this Indian-Warner committe 
 all the fpoil that was done to the Engli/h ; and ther 
 fore for that Reafon his Brother kill'd him ant 
 his Men. Others that he was a great Friend t 
 the English, and would not fuffer his Men to hurt 
 them, but did all that lay in his power to drav 
 them to an amicable Commerce; and that his 
 Brother kil?d him, for that he was afhamed t 
 be related to an Indian. But be it how it will 
 he was call’d in queftion “for the Murder, an 
 forced to come home to take his Tryal in Em 
 land. Such perfidious Doings as thefe, befide the 
 BafenefS of them, are great hindrances of oll 
 gaining an Intereft among the Indians. q 
 Putting from thefe Iflands we fteered away fut 
 | ther Wef?, and falling in with the Eaft end o 
 Hifpanila, we ranged down along on the South 
 fide even to Cape Tiburon, which is the Weff-end 
 of the Ifland. There we lay by, and fent ‘oll 
 Boat afhore ; for Captain Ket had been informed 
 that there were great Groves of Orange-Trees neat 
 this Cape ; But our Men not finding any, he them 
 : concluded 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 His Arvival at Jamaica. 
 
 informed my felf by feveral that have been there, 
 that there are enough of them thereabouts. From 
 ence we fteered away for Famaica, where we ar- 
 ived in a fhort time, bringing with us the firft News 
 ‘they had of the Peace with the Dutch. 3 
 
 tely difcharged ; and the next day I went to the 
 Spanifh Town , call’d Sant’ Fago de la Vega ; where 
 “meeting with Mr. Whalley, we went together to 
 oll. Helier’s Plantation in 16 Mule-walk. In 
 
 Plantation, at the Avgel/ls, where at that time were 
 Otta and Cacao-Trees growing ; and fording a pretty 
 ‘large River, we paft by the fide of it 2 or 3 Miles 
 ‘up the ftream, there being high Mountains on each 
 fide. The way to 16 Mue-walk was formerly a 
 eat deal about, round a large Mountain ; till Mr. 
 Cary Helliar, the Collonel’s Brother, found out this 
 “way. For being defirous of making out a fhorter 
 ut, he and fome others coafted along the River, 
 “till they found it run between a Rock that ftood 
 
 “blowing up the Rock with Gunpowder, till he had 
 “made a way through it broad enough for a Horfe 
 with a Pack, and high enough for a Man to 
 Ride through. This is called the Hollow Rock 
 ~ Some other Places he levell’’d and madeit an in- 
 different good Paflage. 
 
 '. He was a very Ingenious Gentleman, and doubt- 
 ‘lefS had he lived, might have propagated fome 
 idvantagious Arts on that Ifland. He was once 
 endeavouring to make Sa/t Petre at the Angells,, 
 “but did not bring it to Perfettion, Whether the 
 a Bb 4 Earth 
 
 
 
 
 
 concluded there were none: But I have been fince 41.1474. 
 Cw 
 
 Here according to my Contrat&t, I was immedi- 
 
 ur way thither we paft through S7r Tho. Muddiford’s 
 
 p perpendicularly fteep on each fide, and with — 
 
 
 
 ad 
 
Be eS) iS See EL SN Pe Sear ARS OTN ee " 
 
 8 ee Mount Diabolo. 
 4n,1674. Earth there was not right, I know not; but proe 
 “V™ bably there may be Sa/t-Perre-Earth in other 
 
 Placts, efpecially about Paffage-Fort, where, as ] 
 have been informed, the Canes will not make 
 eed Sugar, by Reafon of the faltnefS of the | 
 - Soil. b | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i livd with Mr. Whalley at 16 Mile-walk for 
 ~ almoft fix Months, and then entred my felf into 
 the Service of one Captain Heming , to manag 
 his Plantation at St. Azms, on the Northfide of 
 the Ifland, and accordingly rode from Sr. Fago 
 de la Vega toward St. Anns. 1 
 This Road has but forry Accommodations fot 
 Travellers. The firft Night I lay at a poor Hun: 
 ers Hut, at the foot of Mount Diabolo on the 
 South fide of it, where for want of Cloaths to 
 cover me in the Night I was very cold when 
 the Land-wind fprang up. | 
 _ This Mountain is part of the great Ridge that 
 runs the length of the Ifland from Eaft to Weft; 
 to the Eaft tis call’d the Blew Mountain , which 
 is higher than this. The next Day crofling Mount 
 Diabolo, 1 got a hard Lodging at the Foot of it 
 on the North fide; and the third day after arrived 
 at Captain Heming’s Plantation. 1 
 I was clearly out of my Element there, and 
 therefore as foon as Captain Heming came thither, — 
 I difingaged my felf from him, and took my pat 
 {age on Board a Sloop to Port-Royal, with one 
 Mr. Statham, who ufed to Trade round the Ifland, — 
 and touched there at that time. an 
 
 CD. 
 
 Bays about Jamaica, and with all their Manu- 
 fattures ; as alfo with the Benefit of the Land and 
 Sea-winds. For our BufinefS was to bring Goods 
 
——=-,"  * iv > a ive = Ta mi Ri Lit ef nn aces eee lee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Voyages towards Campeachy. 9 
 _ to, ot catry them from Planters to Port-Royal; and An.1675. 
 ' we were always entertained civilly by them, both in ““wNy 
 _ their Houfes and Plantations, having Liberty to walk - 
 bout and view them. They gave us alfo Plantains, 
 Yams, Potatoes, €c. to carry aboard with us; on 
 hich we fed commonly ail our Voyage. be 
 But after fix or feven Months, I left that employ 
 fo, and fhipt my felf aboard one Capt. Hud/e/, 
 ho was bound to the Bay of Campeachy to load 
 Logwood. ) 
 
 We failed from Port-Royal about the beginning of 
 Augujt, in 1675. in Company with Capt. Wren in 
 a imall yamarca Bark , and Capt. fobnfon Com- 
 mander of a Ketch belonging to New-England. 
 
 This Voyage is all the way before the Wind, 
 
 and therefore Ships commonly {fail it in 12 or 14 
 Days ; - Neither were we longer in our Paflage ; 
 / for we had very fair Weather, and touch’d 
 _ no where till we cameto I7i/t Ifland in the Bay of 
 | Campeachy, which is the only place they goto. In 
 _ our way thither we firft failed by little Caimanes, 
 ' leaving it on our Larboard fide, and Key Monbrack, 
 ) which are two fmall Iflands, lying South of Czbz. 
 ' The next Land we faw was the Ifle of Pines ; . 
 and fteering {till Wefterly, we made Cape Corien- 
 es: And failing on the South fide of Ciba, 
 till we came to Cape Antonio, which is the Weft end 
 of it, we ftretched over towards the Peminfula of 
 Fucatan, and fell in with Cape Catoch, which is in 
 Ee Extream patt of that Promontory, towards the 
 aft. | 
 The Land trends from this Cape one way South 
 about 40 Leagues till you'come to the Ifland Cozumel, 
 and from thence it runs $. W. down into the Bay of 
 Honduras. About 10 Leagues from Cape Catoeh, be- 
 ‘tween it and Cozumel lies a {mall Ifland called by 
 the Spaniards Key-Muger, or Womens-Ifland , because 
 “tis reported that when they went firft to fettle in thelé 
 : parts 
 
 t 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 Cape Catoch and sts Logwood. 
 _ -4n.1675. parts they left their Wives there, while they went 
 | over on the main to find fome better Habitation : Tho? 
 now they have no fettlement near it, whatever they 
 have had formerly. q 
 About 3 Leagues from Cape Catoch,and juft againft” 
 it is a fall Ifland called Loggerbead-Key ; probably 
 becaufe it is frequently vifited bya fort of Turtle fo 
 called; near this Ifland we always find a great ripling 
 which Seamen call the Ripraps. This Cape, tho 
 it appears to be part of the Main, yet is divided 
 3 from it by a fmall Creek, {carce wide enough for 4 
 | Canoa to pafs through, though by it *tis made an 
 Mland. This I have been credibly informed of by 
 | fome, who yet told me that they made a fhift to pals 
 it in a Canoa. : 
 The Cape is very low Land by the Sea, but fome: 
 what higher as you go further from the fhore. It ig 
 all over-grown with Trees of divers forts, efpecially 
 Logwood ; and therefore was formerly much 
 frequented by the Famaica Men, who came thither 
 in Sloops to load with it, till all the Logwood- 
 trees near the Sea were cut down ; but now ’tis 
 wholly abandoned, becaufé the Carriage of it to the 
 {hore requires more labour, than the cutting, logging 
 and chipping. Befides they find better Wood now in 
 ‘the Bays of Campeachy and Honduras, and have but 
 little way to carry it; not above 300 Paces, when I” 
 
 was there: whereas at Cape Catoch they were forc’d 
 to carry it 1500 Paces before they left that Place. © 
 From Cape Catoch we coafted along by the fhore, 
 on the North fide of Fucatan towards Cape Condecedo. 
 The Coaft lies neareft Weft: The diftance between 
 thefe two Capes is about 80 Leagues. The fhore lies 
 pretty level without any vifible Points or Bendings 
 in the Land. It iswoody by the fhore, and full of 
 fandy ae lofty Mangroves. | a 
 - ee place of Note to the Weft of Cape 
 Catoch,is a mall Hill by the Sea,call’d the Mount; and 
 
 | i 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Mount. Svle-Petre-Earth. ft 
 
 | is diftant from itabout 14 Leagues. It is very remark- An.1676. 
 able becaufé there is no other High-Land on all this ery 
 _ Coaft. I was never athore here, but have met with 
 
 _ Work of Men: And indeed it is very probable this 
 Place has been inhabited; for here are a great many 
 large Cifterns, fuppofed to have been made for the 
 receiving of Rain-water, for there are no fiefh 
 _ Springs to be found here,the Soil being all fandy and 
 _ very falt. So that,as I have been credibly informed by 
 an intelligent Perfon, the Spaniards do fetch of it to 
 _ make Salt-Petre. He alfo told me, that being once 
 there ina Privateer, and landing fome Men on the 
 Bay, they found about 100 Packs of this Earth 
 _ bound up in Palmeto-leaves,and a Spanifh Mulatto to 
 - guard it The Privateers at firft fight of the Packs were 
 _ inhopesthere had been Maiz or Indian Corn in them, 
 which they then wanted , but opening them they 
 
 it, he found it very falt, as all the Earth there- 
 abouts was. So that “tis not improbable that thofe 
 _ Cifterns were made for the carrying on a Salt-Petre- 
 - Work. But whatever was the defign at firft, it is 
 now wholly laid afide: for there is noufe made of 
 them neither are there any Inhabitants near this 
 Place. ay “ 
 _ » Between the Mount and Cape Condecedo clofe by 
 the Sea, are many little Spots of Mangrove-trees, 
 _ which at a diftance appear like Iflands : but coming 
 nearer, when other lower Trees appear, it fhews 
 like ragged and broken Ground; but at laft all the 
 _ Land prefents it felf to your view very even. - 
 
 The 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a Indian Esfbermen.} t 
 An.1675- _ The next Place of Note on this Coaft is Rio de la 
 WYN Gartos, almoft in the Mid-way between Cape Catoch 
 
 and Cape Condecedo. This alfo isa very remarkable 
 
 Place; for here are 2 Groves of High Magnroves, 
 
 ene on each fide the River, by which it may be | 
 
 known very well. The River is but{mall, yet deep 
 
 enough for Canoas. The Water is good, and 
 
 I know not any other Brook or frefh River on all the 
 
 Coaft from Cape Catoch till within 3 or 4 Leagues 
 
 of Campeachy Town, 4 
 
 A little to the Eaft of this River is a Fifh-Range, 
 
 and a {mall Indian Hutt or two within the Woods; 
 
 where the Indian Fifhers, who are fubje&t to the 
 Spaniards, lye in the Fifhing-Seafons, their Habi- 
 
 " tations and Familes being farther up in the Country. 
 
 Here are Poles to hang their Nets on, and Barbecues 
 
 to dry their Fifh. When they go off to Sea, they 
 
 fifh with Hook and Line about 4 or 5 Leagues from 
 
 the fhore, for Szappers and Gropers, which I have 
 
 already defcribed in my Voyage round the VVorld. 
 
 Chap. 4. Pag. 91. . 
 
 Since the Privateers and Logwood-fhips have 
 
 failed this way, thefe Fifher-men are very fhy, havin g 
 
 been often fnap’d by them. So that now, when they. 
 
 are out at Sea, if they fee a Sail, they prefently 
 
 fink their Canoas even with the edge of the Water; 
 
 for the Canoas when they are full of Water, will 
 
 | fink no lowersand they themfelves lye juft with their 
 heads above Water, till the Ship which they faw is 
 
 | pafs'd by, or comes Night. Ihave feen them under 
 fail, and they have thus vanifhed on a fudden. The 
 Fith which they take near the fhore with their Nets, 
 are Svooks,Dog-fifh and fometimes Tarpoms. 4 
 The Tarpom is a large fcaly Fith, fhaped much 
 like a Salmon, butfomewhat fatter. "Tis of a dull 
 Silver Colour, with Scales as big as a Half Crown. A - 
 large Tarpom will weigh 25 or 30 Pound. "Tis good - 
 fweet wholfom Meat, and the Flefh folid and “a 4 
 

 
 - backward, and then fprings over the Net: Yet I 
 “have feen them taken in a Sain made with 
 - finall Mefhes in thismanner. After we have inclofed 
 a great number, whilft the two ends of the Net 
 
 - were drawing afhore, 10 or 12 naked Men have fol-- 
 
 4 lowed ; and when a Fifh ftruck againft the Net, the 
 - next Manto it grafped both Net and Fifh inhis Arms, 
 and held all faft till others came to his affiftance. 
 
 a Befides thefe we had three Men in a Canoa, in which 
 ' they mov'd fide-ways after the Net; and many of 
 ’ the Fifh in fpringing over the Net, would fall into 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - theCanoa:. And by thefé means we fhould take two 
 ' or 3 atevery Draught. Thefe Fifth are found plen- 
 _ tifully all along that fhore, frona Cope Catoch to ‘I7ift, 
 ' efpecially in clear Water, near fandy Bays; butno 
 - where in muddy or rocky Ground. They are 
 alfo about Famaica, and all the Coaft of the Main ; 
 efpecially near Cartbagena. | 
 Weft from Rio de Ja Gartos, there is a Look-out 
 or Watch-tower, called Se/am. This is a Place 
 - clofe by the fhore, contrived by the Spaniards for 
 their Indians to watch in. There are many of them 
 on this Coaft: Some built from the Ground with 
 Timber, others only little Cages placed on a Tree, 
 ‘big enough for one or two Men to fit in, with a 
 Ladder to go up afd down. Thefe Watch-towers 
 are never without @n Indian or two all the day long; 
 _ the Indians who live near any of them being obli- 
 ged to take their turns, 
 About 
 
a 
 An. 1676. 
 
 WwY~ is another Watch-Box on a High Tree, calf 
 
 at thefé Look-outs, and have been either rowing iq 
 
 Town of that Name 4 Leagues up in the Coun. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lookouts and Salt Ponds, . 
 About three or four Leagues Weftward of Sede , 
 
 Linchanchee Lookout , from a large Indian 
 try ; and two Leagues farther within Land is another 
 Town, called Chinchanchee. 1 have been afhore 
 
 a Canoa, or walking afhore on all this Coaft, ever 
 from -Rio de la Gartos to Cape Condecedo : but dig 
 never fee any Town by the fhore, nor any Houfés 
 befides Fifhing-hutts, on all the Coaft, except onh 
 at Sifal. Between Selam and Linchanchee are many 
 Imall regular Salt Ponds, divided ftom ‘each othe 
 by littleBanks , the biggeft Pond not above 10 Yards 
 long and 6 broad. | ? : Oe 
 The Inhabitants of thefe two Towns attend 
 thefé Ponds in the Months of May , une’, 
 and Fuly to gather the Salt, which fupplies all the 
 Inland ‘Towns of thefe Parts; and thereis a skirt of 
 Wood between the Sea and the Ponds, that you can 
 neither {ee them nor the People at Work till you 
 come afhore. 3 cpeetamn neti Se 
 Frorn thefe Salt Ponds further Weft, about three 
 or four Leagues, is the Look-out called Sifal. This 
 is the higheft ‘and moft remarkable on all the Coaft; 
 it ftands clofé by the Sea, and ‘itis built with Timber. 
 This is the firftObje&t that we make off at Sea ; and 
 fometimes we take it for a Sail, till running nearer, 
 we difcover the high Mangrove-trees. appearing 
 in {mall ‘Tufts at feveral Diftances from it. ye 
 Not far from hence there is a Fort with 40 or 50 
 Soldiers to Guard the Coaft ; and from this Place 
 there is a Road through the Country to the City of 
 Merida. This is the chiefeft City in all the Province ~ 
 of Fucatan, it being inhabited moftly with Spani-— 
 ards: Yet there are many Indian Families among 
 them, who live in great fubjeftion, as do the reft o 
 the Ivdians of this Country. The Province of 7 
 
 Cab aM, 
 
 a 
 
lh eT 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a John Hullock's furprizal. 15 
 _ eatan, efpecially this Northern and the moft Eafterly an. 1675. 
 Part of ic is but indifferently fruitful, in aie: Cy 
 _‘yifon of that sich Soil farther to the Weft , Yet is it 
 retty populous of Indians, who all live together in 
 Wes but none within five or fix Miles of the 
 Sea, except (as | faid) at two or three Fifhing Places, 
 ‘and even there the Indians refort to fifh but at cer- 
 tain Seafons of the Year. Therefore when Privateers 
 come on this Coaft, they fear not to Land and ram- 
 ble about, as if they were in their own County, 
 fecking for Game of any fort, either Fowl or Deer; 
 of both which there are great plenty, efpecially of 
 the latter, though fometimes they pay dear for it > 
 A fimall Famaica Privateer once Landed 6 or 7 Men 
 ~ at this Look-out of Sifal; who not fufpefting any 
 _ danger, ordered the Canoa with 3 or 4 Men to row 
 along by the fhore, to take them in upon their giving 
 ’ a fign or firing a Gun: But within half an hour they 
 ' were attack’d by about 40 Spanifh Soldiers, who had 
 cut them off from the fhore, to whom they firen- 
 ' dred_ themfelves Prifoners. The Spaniards carried 
 ' them in triumph to the Fort, and then demanded 
 _ which was the Captain.Upon this they all ftood mute, 
 _ for the Captain was not among them ; and they 
 ' were afraid totell the Spaniards fo, for fear of being 
 all hanged for Straglers ; Neither did any one of 
 them dare toaffuime that Title, becaufé they had no 
 Commiffion with them; nor the Copy of it; for 
 the Captains don’t ufually go afhore without a Copy, 
 at leaft, of their Commiflion,which is wont to fecure 
 both themfelves and their Men. At 
 Taft one John Hallock cock’d up his little cropt 
 Hat, and told them that he was the Captain; and 
 _ the Spaniards demanding hisCommiffion, he faid it 
 - was aboard; for thathe came afhore only to hunt, 
 _ not thinking tohavemet any Enemy. The Spaniards 
 were well fatisfied with this Anfwer, and afterwards 
  refpetted him as the Captain, and ferved him a 
 ee etter 
 
 
 
 Y 
 x 
 lass 
 
 ie 
 
ae 3 —Hlesdes Arenas. - 
 An. 1673. better Provifion and Lodging than the reft; and the 
 “Y™) next day when they were fent to the City of Merida 
 about 12 or 13 Leagues frorn thence, Captain Hal 
 Jock had. a Horfe to ride on, while the reft went on 
 Foot: And though they were all kept inclofe Prifon, 
 yet Hullock had the honour to be often {ent for 
 to be examined at the Governours Houfe, and wa 
 frequently Regal’d with Chocolate ; &c. — Fron 
 thence they were carried to Campeachy Town, whet 
 ftill Captain Hudlock was better ferved than. h 
 Comrades : At laft, 1 know not how, they all got 
 their Liberties, and Hu/ock was ever after call% 
 Captain Fackw . { 
 Itis about 8 Leagues from Si/a/ to Cape Condecedt 
 Twenty Leagues North of which lyes a final 
 Ifland call’d by the Spaniards Iles des Arenas, bu 
 the Englifh Seamen, as is ufual with them, corrup 
 the Name ftrangely, and fome call it the De/arts 
 others the Defarcuffes ; but of this Ifland, havin 
 never {een it, I can give no Account. 
 All this Coaft from Cape Catoch to Cape Conde- 
 cedo, is Low-Land, the Moxzt only excepted. Its 
 moft fandy Bay by the Sea; yet fome of it is Man 
 grovy-Land ;. within which you have fome {pots o 
 ‘dry Savanah, and fmall fcrubbed Treés, with {hor 
 thick Bufhes among them. The Sea deepens gre 
 dually from the fhore, and Ships may Anchor if 
 fandy Ground in any depth from 7 or 8 Foot to 10 of 
 12 Fathom Water. . ; 
 In fome Places on this Coaft we reckon our dit_ 
 ftance from the fhore by the depth of the Sea, allows” 
 ing 4 Fathom for the firft League, and for every Fa 
 thom afterwardaLeaguemore. __ 4 
 But having got thus to Cape Condecedo, I {hall de 
 fer the further defcription of thefé Parts, from this 
 Cape Southward and Weftward to the High-Land of 
 St. Martin, which is properly the Bay of Campeachys 
 and from thence alfo further Weftward, till my 1€ 
 cond 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : ~ Qne-Buth-Key. Oyfiers. Bae 
 -€ond coming on this Coaft, when I made fo longa An. 1678; 
 ftay here. ‘To proceed therefore with my prefent ~~ 
 Voyage, having paft Cape Catoch, the Mount, Rio de 
 la Gartos, Sifal, and Cape Condecedo, we ftood South- 
 _ ward dire€tly for T7i/?, the Haven of our Logwood- 
 _ Cutters ; at which Place being not above 60 Leagues 
 ‘-diftant; we foon atrived.. “pA 
 |. Irift is the Road only for big Ships. Smallef 
  Veffels:that draw but.a little Water run 3 Leagves 
 farther, by croffing over a gteat Lagune that runs 
 fiom the Iland up into the Main-Land ; where they 
 anchor at a Place called Ove Bufh-Key. We ftayed 
 
 -Triff 3,daysto fll our Water, and then with _, 
 ur 2 Conforts failed thence with theTide of Blood; “-) Ag 4 
 and the fame:Tide: arrived there. This Key is not ~~ 
 above 40 Paces long, and 5 or 6 broad, having only 
 little crooked’ Tree growing on it, and for that @ 
 afon it: is, called Ove-Bufh-Key. It feems to. be 
 omy a heap of Shells; for: the Lfland. is covered ~ 
 with them. The greateft part are Oyfterthells. 
 _ There are a great many Oyfter-banks in this Lagune, 
 gand the adjacent Creeks ;., but none afford better, - 
 either for largenefs or tafte; than. the Bank about 
 this Ifland. -In the wet Seafon the Oytfters as well 
 ‘One-Bufh-Key. as, other Places here; are made 
 efh by the Frefhes running out- of. the Country: 
 But in the dry Time they are fale enough: In the 
 Creeks they are fmaHer, but mote numerous; and 
 thé Mangrove-Roots that grow by the fides of the 
 
 reeks are loaden with them ; and fo are all the 
 Branches that hang in the Watet. sipll 
 One-Bufh-Key is about a Mile from the fhore ; and 
 ft againft the Ifland is a fmall Creek that runs a 
 ile farther; and then opens into another wide La- 
 une ; -and through this .Creek the Logwood is 
 ought to the Ships riding at the Key. Between 
 e Oyfter-Banks that lye about the Ifland and the 
 
 ain, there is good bo in about 12 Foot Wa- 
 Bi b ter 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 438 Evolick{orm Logwood Catters: 5 
 An. 1675. ter. The bottom is very foft Oaz infomuch that we 
 tn are forced to {hoo our Anchors to make them hold 
 
 The Main by it is all Low Mangrovy-Land, «wh 
 over-flow'd® every Tide; and in «the Wet Sea 
 covered with Water. Here we lay ‘to take: 
 Lading. | i HOLE TR ei 
 Our Cargo to purchafe Logwood was Rum 
 
 Sugar ; a very good Commodity for the Logwoot 
 
 Cutters, who were then about 250 Men, moft Em 
 
 ‘ glifh, that had fettled themfelves in feveral Places 
 
 hereabouts: Neither was it long before we had the 
 
 Merchants came aboard to vifit us ; we were buts 
 
 Men anda Boy inthe Ship, and all little enought 
 
 “entertain them: for befides what Rum we fold ‘by the 
 
 Gallon or Ferkin ; we fold it made into Punch, 
 
 wherewith they grew Frolickfom. -We had now 
 
 but fmall Armsto fire at their drinking Healths, afd 
 
 “therefore the noife was not very great at a diftance, 
 
 “but on Board the Veflels we were loud enough til 
 
 all our Liquor was fpent: We took no Money it 
 
 it, not expe€ted any ; for Logwood was. what’ we 
 came hither for, and we had ef that in licu of om 
 
 Commodities after the rate of 5 Pound per Tim, 
 
 to be paid at the Place where they cut it; and 
 
 “we went with our Long-boat to fetch {mall Quan 
 ties. But becaufe it would have taken up a low 
 “time to Load our Veflel with our own Boat only, 
 
 we hired a Periago of the Logwood-Cutters 
 
 bring it on Board; and by that means made 
 quicker difpatch. I> made two or three Trip 
 their Huts, where l and thofe with me were alt 
 very “kindly entertained by them with Pork 
 
 Peafe, or Beef and Dough-Boys. .Their Beef t 
 
 got by hunting in the Sevanahs. As’ long as the 
 
 quor lafted, which. they bought of us, we v 
 
 treated with it, either in Drams‘or Punch. But 
 
 amore particular Account of the Logwood-Cu 
 
 I thall refer the Reader to my fecond Voyage hit 
 
 Ww 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Y W. Wooders’s efeape from Campeachy: ~~ 19 
 which I made fhortly after my return to Famaica , An. 1676. 
 caufe 1 fawa great profpett of getting Money Many 
 re, if Men would be but diligent and frugal. 
 But let’s proceed with our Voyage , It was the 
 Jatter end of September, 1675. when we failed 
 from One-Bujh-Key with the Tide of Ebb; and an- => 
 ored again at a that fame Tide ; where 
 > watered our Velifel in order to fail. This we 
 complifhed in two Days, and the third day failed 
 m ‘Ivift towards Jamaica. A Voyage which 
 proved vety tedious and hazardous to us, by 
 afon. of our fhips being fo fluggifh a Sailer that 
 She would not ply to Wind-ward, whereby we were 
 ~neceffarily driven upon feveral Shoals that other- 
 wife we might have avoided, and forced to {pend 13 
 Weeks in our Paffage, is ufually accomplifhed in 
 half that time. 
 We had now a Paffenger with us, one W2//. Wood- 
 ersa Famaica Seaman, that with three others that 
 were taken by the Spaniards, was {ent to the 
 City of Mexico, where they remained Prifoners 6 
 or 8 Months, but at laft were remanded to La vera 
 Cruz, and from thence by Sea to Campeachy : They 
 were not imprifoned, but only kept to Work on 
 ard the Ship that brought them , and foon 
 ound an opportunity to make their efcapes, in this 
 manner, They had been imployed afhore all the 
 ~ day,and being fent aboard at Night, they fell to con- 
 \ trive how to runaway with the Boat, but confidering 
 that they, wanted Neceflaries for their Voyage they 
 ‘Jrefolved firft to go back and fupply themfelves, 
 “which they might then do the better, becaufe they 
 ‘knew there were none but a few Indians on Board. 
 _ Accordingly having feized, and bound the Indians, 
 ‘taking with them a Compafs with fome Bread and 
  Water,they put off to Sea,and arrivd atI77/? a Week 
 before ourdeparture: And this W/1//.Wooders was the 
 "means under God of the Preférvation of our Ship. 
 , a Bb 2: : Fhe 
 
 
 
owe 
 An. 1675. 
 oss 
 
 _ edged off more to Sea, and they alfo altered thei 
 
 Morning, near 12 or 14 Leagues W.S. W. ftom 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Author chafed, and narrowly efcapés, 
 The third day after we left T7z/t, about 8 ia the 
 Campeachy, we faw two fail about 3 Leagues to 
 Wind-ward coming directly towards us, the Captaif 
 fuppofing that they had been Famaica Veflels would 
 have layn by to hear fome News, and to get fom 
 Liquor from them; for we had now none on Boat 
 but a few Bottlesin aimall Cafe, that the Captai 
 referved for his own drinking. But Wooders wit 
 {tood the Captains Propofal, and told him, that: wht 
 he came from Campeachy there were two {mall V 
 fells ready to fail for Loba/co River, which is f 
 above 11 or 12 Leagues to Leeward of ‘T7i/? , amt 
 that it was more probable thefe were thofe two Vi 
 fells than any from Famaica. Upon this ¥ 
 
 Courfe fteering away {till dire€tly with us; fo tha 
 we were now aflured they were Spaniards; a 
 therefore we put away ; Quaitering, and fteering] 
 W. and though they ftill feteh’d on us a-pace, ye 
 to make the more {peed they turned a Boat loo 
 that was Tow, at one of their Sterns, and @ 
 being a good Sailer came within Gun-fhot of a 
 when, asit pleafed God, the Land-Wind dyed away 
 of a fudden, and the Sea-Breez did not yet {pri 
 
 up. 
 
 P While the Wind lafted we thought our felves 
 but a degree from Prifoners ; neither had we ye 
 great hopes of efcaping; for our Ketch, even when 
 ‘ight, was but a dull Sailer, worfe being deep load 
 However, we had now time to unbend the Forefail 
 and make a ftudding Sail of it to put right I 
 fore the Sea-Breez when it fhould- fpring up. T 
 was accordingly done in a trice, and in lefs than 
 hour after the Breez fprung up frefh, and we 
 tight before the Wind. We had this advantage! 
 it, that all the Sail we had did’us Service: Whi 
 on the contrary, thofe who chafed us, being thi 
 
 4 
 ty 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Black Cloud. Fifbing Banks. 21 
 Aaft Veffels, could not bring all theirs to draw ; for 4”. 167s. 
 eir after Sails becalmed their Head-fails, and we “Y¥™ 
 Id them tack for two or three Hours, neither gain- 3 
 g nor loofing ground. At laft the Wind frefhing 
 on by the coming of a Tornado, we gained confide- 
 bly of them; fo they fired a Gun and leit their 
 hace, but we kept on crouding till Night; and 
 n clap’'d ona Wind again, and faw no more of 
 em. 
 
 In about a Fortnight after this, we were got as far 
 0 the Eaft as Riode /a Gartos, and there overtook 
 a fmall Barmudoes Boat belonging to Famaica, 
 hich had not been above 10 Days come from T7i/f, 
 ‘but failed much better than we did. Therefore our 
 Merchant went on Board of Her, for he faw we 
 ere like to have a long Paflage ; and Provifion 
 egan to be fcarce already, which he could not fo 
 ell tty as we. Qur Courfé lay all along againft 
 ‘the Trade‘Wind. 
 |All the hopes that we had was a good North, this 
 eing the only time of the Year for it: and-foon 
 after we faw a black Cloud in the N. W. (whichis a 
 fignof a North, but of this more in my Difcourfe of 
 inds) fortwo Days, Morning and Evening. The 
 third day it rofe a-pace and came away very {wifily. 
 We prefently provided to receive it by fur- 
 ling all but our Main-fail ; intending with that to 
 take the advantage of it. Yet this did us but. lit- 
 tle Service; for after an Hours time, in which it blew 
 efhat N. W, the Cloud went away, and the Wind 
 me a¥out again at E..N. E.the ufual Trade in thefe 
 arts. We therefore made ufe of the Sea and Land- 
 reezes, as we had done betore; and being now 
 -as high as the before-mentioned Fi/hing Banks on the 
 ~ North of Fucatan, wefo ordered our BufinefS that 
 with the Land-Winds we run over to the Banks , 
 and while it was calm between the Land-Winds 
 and Sea-Breez we put out our Hooks and Lines and 
 

 
 
 
 eT hac, iain Ce aie ie hee eee ee io Te ND Te cig Mb Tg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 The Capt. Difafter turbulent Sea. 
 ‘An.167e.4 fed, and got plenty every Morning: One time 
 or out Captain after he had hal’d in a good fifh, being 
 
 ~ "eager at his fport and throwing out his Line too ha 
 ftily, the Hook hitched in the Palm of his Hand, and 
 the weight of the Lead that was thrown with a jerk, 
 and hung about 6 Foot from the Hook, forced th 
 beard quite through, that it appear’d at the back of 
 his Hand. o 
 - Soon after this we got as high as the Mount, af 
 then ftood off about 30 Leagues from Land,in hop 
 to get better to Wind-ward there, than near # 
 fhore ,; becaufe the Wind was at E.S. E. and S. 
 by E. a frefh gale : continuing fo 2 or 3 days. WV 
 fiecred off to the North expefting a Sea-Breez | 
 E. N. E. and the third Day had our defire. The 
 ~ we tack’d and fteered in again S.E. for the fhoreof 
 Fucatan. Our Ketch, as I faid, was a heavy Sailey 
 efpecially ona Wind: for fhe was very fhort; af 
 having great round Bows, when we met a Head-Se 
 as now ; {fhe plunged and laboured, not going a Head, 
 but tumbling like an Ege-fhell in the Sea. It was 
 my fortune to be at the Helm from 6 a Clock in th 
 Evening till 8. The firft 2 Glaffés fhe fteered ver 
 ill ; tor every Sea would ftrike her dead like a Log 
 then fhe would fall off 2 or 3 Points from the Win 
 though the Helm was a-Lee ; and as fhe recoveré 
 and made a little way, fhe would come again to th 
 Wind, till another Sea ftruck her offagain. By tht 
 time 3 Glaffes were out the Sea became more {moot 
 and then fhe fteered very well, and made prett 
 frefh way through the Water. I was fOmewh 
 furprized at the fudden Change, froma rough Sea t 
 afmooth; and. therefore look’d over Board 2 
 3 times; for fhe fteered open on the Deck, » andi 
 being very fair Weather, all our Men werelayn dows 
 on the Deck and {allen afleep. My Captain wasjuf 
 behind me on the Quarter Deck faft afleep too, f0 
 neither he nor they dreaded. any danger, we _ 
 
4 copra Alcrane Ifands. MaGheih 24 23 
 about 30 Leagues from the Main-Land, at Noon, and 4n.167s, 
 . as we thoughtynot near any [land. | Ved 
 __» But while I wasmufing on the fudden alteration of 
 ~ the Sea, our, Veflel ftruck on a Rock, with fuch force 
 that the Whipftaff threw me down on my back : 
 ‘This frighted me fo much that I cryed out, and bad 
 them all turn out, for the Ship ftruck. The furge | 
 that the Ship made on the Rock, awakened moft of 
 our Men, and made them ask, What the matter 
 was? But her ftriking a fecond time, foon anfwered 
 
 e Queftion, and fet us all to work for our Lives, 
 good fortune fhe did not ftick, but kept on het 
 ay ftill, and to our great comfort, the Water was 
 ry fmooth ; otherwile we muft certainly have been 
 loft, for we very plainly faw the ground 
 under us: fo we let go our Anchor, in 2 Fathom 
 Water, clean White Sand : When our Sails were 
 furled and a fufficient {cope of Cable veered out, our 
 ptain being yetin amaze,went into his Cabin, and 
 oft of us with him to view his draught;and we foon 
 und we were fallen foul of the A/cranes. 
 
 The Alcranes are 5 or 6 low fandy Iflands, lying 
 the Lat. of about 23 d. North, and diftant from 
 e Coaft of -Fucatanabout 25 Leagues ; the biggeft 
 not above a Mile or two in Circuit. They are 
 iftant from one another 2 or 3 Miles, not lyingin a 
 ne, but fcattering here and there, with good Chan- 
 Is of 20 or 30 Fathom Water, for a Ship to pafs 
 between. All of them have good Anchoring on 
 he Weft fides, where you may ride in what depths 
 you pleafe, from 10 to 2 Fathom Water, clean fandy 
 Ground. On fome there are a few low Buthes of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nimals are only large Rats, which are in great 
 enty ; and of Fowls, Boobies in vaft abundance, 
 ith Men of War and Egg-Bitds. Thefe inhabit 
 
 Bb 4 only 
 
24 és Inhabitants ; .and the manner of Leving, 
 ‘An. 1675. only on fome of the Northermoft of them, not pro | if 
 § Yr miicuoufly one among another, but each fort within | j 
 
 their own Precin&ts, (viz.) the Boobies aud the other 
 two forts each a-part by themfelves ; and thus two 
 or three of the iflands are wholly taken up. The 
 Boobies, being moft numerous, have the greateft 
 portion:of Land. The Ege Birds, tho’ they are manyy 
 yet being but {mall, take up but little room to th 
 relt: Yet in that little part which they inhabit 
 they are fole Mafters, and net difturbed by the 
 Neighbours. All three forts are very tame, efpeciall 
 the Boobies, and fo thick fettled, that a Man canno 
 pafs through their Quarters, without coming withif 
 reach of their Bills, with which they continual 
 peck’t atus. I took notice that they fate in Pairs 
 and therefore at firft thought them to be Cock ant 
 Hen; but upon ftriking at them, one flew awaj 
 from each place, and that which was left behint 
 feemed as malicious as the other that was gone. | 
 admired at the boldnefs of thofé that did not fly 
 away, and uféd fome fortof violence to force them, 
 but in vain , for indeed thefe were young Ones, and 
 had _not.yet learned the ufe of their Wings , the 
 they were as big and as well feathered as their Dams 
 only their .Feathers. were fomething whiter an 
 frefher. . Itook notice thatan old one, either th 
 Cock or Hen, always fat with the Young , to fecutt 
 them ; for otherwife thefe Fowls would prey on eack 
 other, the Strong on the Weak, at leaft thofé of 4 
 different Kind would.make bold with their Neigh 
 bours: The Men-of-War-Birds as well:as the Boo 
 bies left Guardians to. the Young,: when they went 
 off to Sea, left they fhould be ftarved by thei 
 Neighbours, for there were a -great many old and 
 lame Men, of War Birdsthat could not fly off to Sea, 
 to feck their own Food. Thefe did not inhabit among 
 their Conforts; but: were either expelled the Com 
 Sa aang aha 
 Ahh Se ae SCN NED ao i gts § a ofF 
 
 ig 
 a 3 ath aed ; : 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bs: 
 
 og 
 Bk 
 > 
 
 Ba 
 ay 
 an 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sharks, Sword-fifh, Nurfes: 
 from the reft, and that not altogether; ‘but {catter- 
 ing here and there, where they could rob fecureft: 
 | faw near 20 of them on one of the Iflands, which 
 metimes would fally into the Camp to feek for 
 oty, but prefently retreated again, whether they 
 got any thing or nothing. If oneof thefe lame Birds 
 found a Young Booby not guarded, it prefently gave 
 a good poult on the back, with his Bill to make 
 m difgorge; which-they will do with one ftroak, and’ 
 may be caft up a Fifh or two as bigasa Mans 
 rift , this they fwallow in a trice, and march off, 
 d look out for another Prize. The found Men- 
 “War will fometimes ferve the old Boobies fo off 
 Sea. I have feena Man-of-War fly direGly at a 
 Booby and give it one blow, which has caufed it 
 to cait up a large Fifh, and the Man of War flying 
 iretly down after it, has taken itin the Air, before 
 reach’d the Water. 
 - There are abundance of Fifh at fome diftance 
 om thefe Iflands, by which the Fowls inhabiting 
 ere, are daily fupplied. 
 _ The Fifh near the Ifland are Sharks, Sword Fifhes 
 and WNurfes; all three forts delighting to be-near fandy 
 Bays ; thofe’ that 1 faw -here were-but‘of'a {mall 
 ze, the Sword-Fifh not above a Foot and a half, 
 ‘or two Foot long; neither were the Sharks much 
 longer, and the Nurfes about the fame length. The 
 Nurfe is juft like a Shark, only its skin is rougher, 
 nd is ufed for making the fineft Rafps. Here are 
 any Seals: they come up to fun themfelves only on 
 wo or three of the Iflands; I don’t know whether 
 exactly of the fame kind with: thofe in colder Cli- 
 “mates; but, as] have notedin my former Book, they 
 always live wherethere is plenty of Fifh. : 
 To the North of thefe Hlands lyes along ledge of 
 ocks bending like a Bow; it feems to be 100r 12 
 ards wide, and about 4 Leagues long: and 3 Leagues 
 ‘iftant- ftom ,the Ifland, .. - They, are above Wa- 
 ey ; Bit oe AD ie, ih vi gat hr Wa ter, 
 
 An. 1675. 
 wy 
 
26 
 4n.1675- ter, all joyning very clofe to one another, except at 
 
 - we Anchored and lay three or four days, and vifited 
 
 {pend of it frefh to fave our Stock. I found the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A flrong Current: Seal anditsOyl. : ' 
 
 “one or two Places, where are fall Paflages about 
 nine or ten Yards Wide; °twas through one. of 
 thefe that Providence dire&ted us in the Night ; for 
 the next Morning we faw the Riff about half a Mil 
 to the North of us, and right’ againft us was 
 a fmall Gap., by which we came in hither, but 
 
 
 
 and there kept plying off and on to Weather the 
 Eaft end of the Riff three Days ; but not being able 
 to effect it, by reafon of a ftrong Current, fetting 
 to the N. W. weran back again to the Weft end of 
 the Riff, and fteered away for the Iflands. . Ther 
 
 moit of them, and found plenty of fuch Creatures, 
 as I have already defcribed. 4 
 Though here was great ftore of fuch good Food} 
 and we like to want, yet we did neither falt any, nor 
 all but one Man averfe to it, but I did heartily wifh 
 them of another mind, becaufe] dreaded wanting 
 before the end of the Voyage ; a hazard which we 
 needed not to run, there being here fuch plenty of 
 Fowlsand Seals, (efpecially of the latter) that the 
 Spaniards do often come hither, to make Oy] of theif 
 Fat; upon which account it has been vifited he 
 | Bus 
 
4 Capt. Long Shipwreck'd, 29 
 lifh-men from Famaica, particularly by Capt. Lone: 
 38 having the command of a fmail Bark, Hoe ue 
 hither purpofély tomake Seal-Oyl, and anchored on 
 the North fide of one of the fandy Iflands 5 the 
 _ moft convenient Place, for his defign : —— Having 
 _ got afhore his Cask to put his Oyl in, and fet upa 
 _ Tent for lodging himfelf and his Goods, he began 
 to kill the Seal, and had not wrought above three or 
 four Days before a fierce North-wind blew his Bark 
 -afhore. By good fortune fhe was not damnified: but <-"~ 
 his company being but fmall, and fo defpairing of 
  fetting her afloat again, they fell to contriving how 
 _ to get away ; a very difficult Task to accomplith, 
 for it was 24 or 25 Leagues to the neareft Place of 
 _ the Main, and above 100 Leagues to Trift, which 
 _ was the next Englifh fettlement. But contrary to 
 their expeCtation , inftead of that, Captain Long 
 _ bid them follow their Work of Seal-killing and 
 _ making Oyl ; affuring them that he would undertake 
 _ at his own peril to carry them fafe to I7i/t. This 
 _ though it went much againft the grain, yer at laft he 
 ' fo far prevailed by fair Words, that they were con- 
 _ tented to go on with their Seal-killing, till they had 
 - filled all their Cask. But their greateft work was 
 ~ yet to do, viz. how they f{hould get over to the Main, 
 and then Coaft down before the Wind to Tri. Their 
 Boat was not big enough to tranfport them, {0 ‘they 
 concluded to cut down the Barks Mafts and tip 
 up her Deck to make a float for that purpofe. — 
 | This being agreed on the next Morning 
  betimes, purfuant to their Refolution, they were 
 going to break up their Veflel ; but it happened that 
 yery Night, that two New-Ezgland Ketches going 
 ‘down to T7i/t ran on the backfide of the Riff where 
 they ftruck on the Rocks, and were bulged ; And 
 Captain Long and his Crew feeing them in Diftrefs, . 
  prefently took their Boat, ‘and went off to help them 
 unlade their Goods, and bring them afhore; and 
 RrevBoun tte x : ei j : in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pee 
 
 
 
 aot 
 
 3 ms 
 Peo memnic 
 
 
 
oo n~ = te at St eek eet 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28 Seamens Thoughts of Capt. Long. 
 » 167. in tequital, they furnifhed the Captain with fuch 
 SEG bane and other Neceffaties, as he wanted and” 
 affifted him in the launching his Veffel, and lading 
 his Oyl, and fo they went merrily away for Tiff; 
 This lucky .accident was muck talk’d of amongft the 
 C’s Crew ; and fo exafperated the New-Eng/and Men, 
 when they ‘heard the whole ftory, that they were 
 thinking, if their Commanders would have fuffered 
 them, to have thrown him into the Sea to prevent 
 his doing more mifchief. For they were fure that ht 
 by his Art had caufed them to run aground. Th 
 whole of this Relation 1 had from Captain Log 
 himfelf- a | 3 
 ~ From the main to thefe Iflands, the Sea deepent 
 gradually till you come to about 30 Fathom Wa 
 ter, and when you are 25 or 26 Leagues off fhore té 
 the Eaftward of. them, if you fteer away Weft 
 Keeping in that depth’, you cannot mifS them: 
 The fame Rule isto be obferved to find any othe 
 Ifland ; as the Triangles, the Ifles Des Arenas, &¢ 
 for the Bank runs all along the fhore, on which are 
 Soundings of equal depth, and the Sea appears qi 
 a muddy palifh Colour, but when paft the Bank on 
 the North fide of it, it refumes its natural greenefg 
 dnd is too deep for any Sounding till you am 
 within 30 Leagues of the North fide of the By 
 of Mexico, where by relation there is fuch another 
 Bank, (abounding with Oyfters) running all along 
 the fhore: But to return to our Voyage. , | 
 '_ Having fpent 2 or 3 days among the Alcranes 
 Iilands we fet fail again, and fteering in Southerly 
 for the Main, having the Wind at E. N. E. we fl 
 in with it a little to Leeward of Cope Cuatoch 
 plying under the fhore till wereach’d the Cape ; fiom 
 thence we continued our Courfe Northerly. the 
 Wind at E. by S. The next Land we defigned fot 
 was Cape Antonio, which is the Weftermoft Point 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Paffes through the Colorado Shales. 
 about 40 Leagues. | 
 ~ Some when they fail out of the Bay, keep along 
 by the Land of “¥acatan, till they come as far as 
 
 the Ifland Cozumel, and trom thence firetch over 
 towards Cuba, and if the Wind favours them any 
 thing, they will getas high as Cape Corientes before 
 ‘they fall in with Cube ; for in their Paffage from 
 ‘thence they are not in fo much danger of being hur- 
 ‘tied away to the North by the Current between the 
 ‘two Capes, or to the North of them, as we were. 
 ‘For taking our Courfe Northward till the Lat. of 
 22d. 30 m. we tack’d again; and the Wind at E. 
 fteered away S.S. E. 24 hours, and having takenan 
 | Obfervation of the Sun, as we did the day before, 
 _ found our felves in 23 d. being driven backwards in 
 + 24 hours 30 Miles. We had then the Channel 
 open between the two Capes, but to the North of 
 ‘either: Yet at laft we got over to the Cwba fhore, 
 and fell in with the North of the Ifland,. about 7 
 or 8 Leagues from Cape Amtonio. Now we both faw 
 -and ran thro’ fome of the Co/orado Sholes,but found 
 _ avety good Channel among.a great many Rocks 
 ' thatappeared above Water. Being thus got within 
 '. the Sholes; between them and Cvba we found a 
 _ pretty wide clear Channel and good Anchoring ; and 
 
 - advancing further, within a League of the Cape, 
 -+we Anchored and went afhore to get Water, but 
 _ found none. In the Evening when the Land-wind | 
 e ae up, we weighed again, and doubling the 
 
 Cape coafted along on the South fide of the Ifland, 
 taking the Advantages both ot Sea and Land-winds: 
 _ For though we had now been about two Months 
 ‘from Triff, and this the time of the Year for 
 ’ Norths, yet to our great trouble they had hitherto 
 » failed us, and befides, as I faid before, our Ketch 
 ©-was fich a Leewardly Vefiel that we did not yetex- 
 > pect we could poflibly reach Famaica meerly by turn- 
 
 : mgs 
 
 
 
 "of the [land Grbs, and diftant from Cape Catoch an. 1675. 
 

 
 
 
 We Ee a A ee ep eet ORM a ee Nal. ind ae 7 _— — 
 Faas 3 Yong 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 Grand Caymanes: Ifle of Pines: 
 An. 1678. ing,\though fometimes affifted by Sea and Land. 
 wy Winds. In about a Week after this, we got up} 
 
 with, and coafted along, the Ifle of Pzves for 7 op 
 8 Leagues, and then ftood off to Sea, and the 
 third Morning fell in with the Weft end of grand 
 
 - Caymanes. | - 
 This Ifland is about 40 Leagues South from Pines, 
 -and about 15 tothe Weft of little Caymanes, we 
 anchored at the Weft end, about half a Mile fiom 
 the fhore. \We found no Water nor any Provifion 
 but faw many Crocodiles on the Bay, fome of which 
 would fcarce ftir out of the way forus. We kill@ 
 none of them (which we might eafily have don 
 though Food began to be fhort withus ; indeed had 
 it been in the Months of Fune orFuly we might pr 
 bably have gotten Turtle, for they frequent this} 
 Ifland fome Years as much as they do little Cg 
 manes. We ftayed here but 3 or 4 hours, and 
 {teered back for Pzmes, intending there to hunt for 
 Beef or Hog, of both which there is in great plenty, 
 The fecond day in the Morning we fell in with the 
 Weft end of Pzzes, aud running about 4 or 5 Miles 
 Northward, we anchored in 4 Fathom Water cleat 
 ‘Sand; abouttwo Mile, from the fhore, and right 
 againft a {mall Creek through the Mangroves into 
 
 
 
 a wide Lagune. | /- 
 The Ifle of Pives-lyes on the South fide, towards 
 the Weft end of Grba, and is diftant from it 3 org 
 ~~ Leagues. Cape Cortentes on Ceba is five or fit 
 Leagues to the Weftward of the Ifle of Pines. Be 
 tween Pives and Cuba ate many {mall woody Iflands 
 {cattered here and there, with Channels for Ships 
 to pafs between ; and by report there is good ancho: 
 | ring near any of them. amaica Sloops do fome 
 times paf$ through between Cuba and Pines, when 
 they are bound to Wind-ward, becaufe there the 
 Sea is always fmooth: They are alfo certain 
 meet good Land-winds; befides they can Anc 
 
 
 
4 > Sokdsers of Cape Corientes, 31 
 | “when they pleafe, and thereby take the benefit of sy, 167. 
 - the Tides, and when they are got paft the Eaft end’ wang 
 _ of Pres, they may either ftand out to Sea again, * 
 or if they are acquainted among the fimall [lands — 
 _ tothe Eaft of it, (which are called the South Keys 
 _ of Cuba) they may range amongft them to the 
 _ Eaftward, ftill taking the greater benefit of Land- 
 __ winds and Anchoring ; Befides, if Provifion is {carce - 
 they will meet Jamaica Turtlers, or elfé may get 
 ‘Turtle themfelves, at which many of them are ex- 
 ypert. There is alfo plenty of Fith of many forts, 
 butvif they are not provided with Hooks, Lines or 
 _ Harpoons or any other Fifhing-Craft, nor meet with 
 ~-any Turtlers, Cuba will afford them Suftenance of 
 + Hog or Beef. — The great Inconvenience of going 
 in the infide of Pzmes between it and Cwba, proceeds 
 from a Spanifh Garrifon of about 40 Soldiers at 
 Cape Corientes, who have a large Periago, well: 
 fitted with Oars and Sails, and are ready to launch 
 “out, and feize any {mall Veffel, and feldom fpare the 
 iLives.as well as the Goods of thofe that fall into 
 ‘their’ Hands, for fear of telling Tales. Such Vil- 
 Janies are frequently praCtifed, not only here, but 
 _ alfo in feveral other Places of the Weft Indies, and 
 that too-with fuch as came to Trade with their 
 _ Country-men.. ‘The Merchants and Gentry indeed 
 -ate no way guilty of fuch ACtions, only the Soldiers 
 and Rafcality of the People; and thefe do com. . 
 -monly confift of Mulatoes or fome other fort of 
 ‘Copper Colour Indians, _who are accounted very 
 ‘Barbarous and Cruel. ) 
 » The lile of Pies is about 11 or 12 Leagues long, 
 ‘and 3 or 4 broad. The Weft end of it is low 
 ‘Mangrovy Land; and within which isa Lagune of 
 sabout 3 or 4. Miles wide, running to the Eaftward, 
 but how far I know not, with a imall Creek of 2° or 
 _ 5 Foot Water, reaching tothe Sea. The Lagune it 
 ‘elf is fo thallow, efpecially nearthe Ifland, that 
 .. . you 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eR eT ER EO Pee WT te oe ang aT! a ysl aa aM i ie) ao! eo 
 
x 
 
 32 
 An 1675. 
 
 4 
 a 
 
 ~ Mountain ftanding in the middle. The Trees th : 
 
 Ifle Pines deferibed. Land-crabs; = 
 you cannot bring a Canoa within 20 or 30 Paces of | 
 the fhore. The South fide of the Iifland islow, flat 
 and rocky; the Rocks are perpendicularly fteep 
 towards the Sea, fo that there is no Anchoring on 
 that fide ; but at the Weft end very good in fant 
 Ground. ‘The body of the Ifland is high. Land 
 with many little Hills incompaffing a high Pike o 
 
 - a 
 
 aa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 grow here are of divers forts, moft of them ur 
 Known to me. Red Mangroves grow in the low 
 fwampy Land againft the Sea, but on the firm hill 
 part Pine-Trees are moft plentiful, of thefe here aie 
 great Groves of a good height and bignefS, ftreight 
 and large enough to make Topmafts, or ftandug 
 Mafts for fall Veffels; at the Weft end there i§a 
 pretty big River of frefh Water, but no coming @ 
 it near the Sea for red Mangroves, which grow 
 thick on both fides of it, that there is no getting 
 inamong them. | | ze . q 
 The Land-Animals are Bullocks, Hogs, Dear, 4 
 here are {mall Savannahs for the Bullocks and Deer 
 to feedin, as well as Fruit in the Woods fot the 
 Hogs : Here are alfo a fort of Racoons. or Indiaf 
 Conies, and in fome Places plenty of Land-Turtlg 
 and Land-Crabs of two forts, white and black 
 Both of them make holes in the Ground like Coniég }. 
 where they fhelter themfelves all day, and in the 
 Night come out to feed; they will eat Grafh 
 Herbs or fuch Fruit as they find under the Trees; The 
 Manchapiel Fruit, which neither Bird nor Beat 
 will tafte, is greedily devoured by them, without 
 doing them any harm. Yet thefe very Crabs the 
 feed on Manchaneel ate venomous, both to Man an@ 
 Beaft that feedsonthem, though the others are vety 
 good Meat. The white Crabs are thie largeft fort 
 fome of them areas big asa Mans two Fifts joynee 
 together ; they are fhaped like Sea-Crabs, having” 
 one large Claw, wherewith they will pinch bs 
 
Crabi. Daring Crocodiles: ee 
 hard, neither will they let go their hold, though 4n.1676. 
 : you bruife them in pieces, unlef$ you break the ey. 
 Claw too ; ‘but if they chance to catch your 
 Fingers, the way is tolay your Hand, Crab and all, 
 flat on the Ground, and he wiil immediately loofé 
 his hold and feamperaway. Thefé white ones build 
 in wet ale dirty Ground near the Sea, fo that 
 the Tide wafhes into their Holes; but the black 
 Crab is more cleanly, delighting to live in diy 
 Places, and makes its Houféin fandy Eatth : Black 
 Crabs are commonly fat and full of Eggs; they are 
 alfo agécounted the better Meat, tho’ both forts are 
 very good. : 
 _ Here are alfo a great many Alligators and Croco- 
  diles, that haunt about this Ifland, and are {aid to be 
 the moft daring in all the Weft Indies. I have heard 
 ef many of their Tricks; as thatthey have followed 
 _aCanoa, and put their Nofes in over the Gunnal, 
 with their Jaws wide open, as if ready to de- 
 vour the Men init: And that when they have been 
 afhore in the Night near the Sea, the Croco- 
  diles have boldly come in among them, and made 
 them run from their Fire, and taken away their 
 - Meat from them. Therefore when Privateers are 
 hunting on this Ifland, they always keep Sentinels’ 
 out to watch for thefe ravenous Creatures; as duly 
 ‘as they do in other Places for fear of Enemies, 
 efpecially inthe Night, for fear of being devoured’ 
 _in their fleep. ; ‘ie 
 _ 'Fhe Spaniards of Cuba have here foe Craules, 
 ie. Herds of Hogs, with a few Indians or Mula- 
 toes to look after them: Here are alfo Hunters that 
 gain a livelihood by killing wild Hog: and Reef. 
 ’ This Ifland is reported to be very wet. I have 
 heard many fay, that it rains here more or lefSevery 
 day inthe Year; but thisI fuppofe is a miftake; for 
 there fell no Kain about us, fo long:as we ftayed: 
 €e here, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 34 Hunting Beef and Hogs. “= 
 An. 1673. here, neither did I {eeany appearance of it in other 
 
 ~ \Wno Places of the Iland. : - 
 We were no fooner at an Anchor, but five of 
 
 uswent afhore, leaving only the Cook and Cabbim| 
 
 Boy aboard : We had but two bad fowling Pieces in| 
 
 the Ship; thofe we took with us, with a defign to 
 
 bill Beef and Hog. We went into the Lagune, whete 
 
 we fourd Water enough for our Canoa, andi 
 fcme Places not much to fpare, when we were g0 
 almoft over it,wefaw 8 or 10 Bulls and Cows fee 
 ing on the fhore clofé by the Sea. This gavet 
 great hopes of good fucceis. We therefore rowe 
 away afide off the Cattle, and landed ona {and 
 Bay, about half a Mile from them; there we {aj 
 much footing of Men and Boys; the Impreffions 
 feemed to be about 8 or 10 days old, we fuppofe 
 them to be the track of Spanifh Hunters. This trouble 
 us a little, but it being now their Chri/tmas, we 0 
 cluded that they were gone over to Cubato keep 
 there, fo we went after our Game ; the Boatfwa 
 and our Paflenger W7//. Wooders having one Gun, af 
 | prefuming on their skill in fhooting, Sere peril 
 | to try their fortune with the Cattle that ¥ 
 faw before we landed, while the Captain and 
 felf with our other Gun, ftruck up dire&tly into th 
 Woods. The fitth Man whofe genius led him rather t 
 ffh than hunt, ftayed in the Canoa: And had he bet 
 furnifhed with a Harpoon, he might have gotten mo 
 Fifh than we did Flefh, tor the Cattle {melling otf 
 two Men before they came nigh them, ran away 
 after that our Men rambled up into the Country 
 
 ‘ 
 
 a a 
 
 ee eee ¥ — 
 
 feek for fome other Game. ~ i 
 The Captain and I had not gone half'a Mile befo 
 
 . we came among 2’ Drove of near 40 great and {me 
 a wild Hogs. The Captain firing, wounded one 
 | z them, but they all ran away ; and though we fo 
 ' lowed the Blood a geod way, yet did not comeu 
 with him, nor with any other to get a es thot 
 
 ! owevel 
 
 4 
 
 
 
Ul facce]s in Hunting: 
 
 
 
 
 
 hopes to meet with more Game before Night, but to 
 ho purpofe,tor we faw not one more that day. Ia the 
 
 Evening we returned to our Boat weary and vext at 
 our ill fuccefs. The Boatfwain and his Confort 
 were not yet returned, therefore we flayed till ’twas 
 _ dark, and then went aboard without them: the next 
 Morning betimes we went afhore again, as well to 
 "try ourfortune at Hunting, as to recover our 2 Men, 
 ~ which we thought might now be returned to the 
 _ place where they landed, but not feeing them, the 
 Captain and I went again out to hunt, but came 
 back at Night with no better fuccefS than before 5 
 ‘either did we fee one Beef or Hog, though much 
 track all the day. This day he that look’d to the 
 Boat kill’d a young Sword-fith with the Boat-hook; 
 ‘there were a great many of them, as alfo Nurfes 
 ‘and Dogfifh, playing in fhole Water ; he had alfo 
 difeovered a f{tveam of frefh Water, but fo inclofed 
 with thick red Mangroves, that twas impoffible to 
 ' fillany incask;, we could fcarce get a little to drink. 
 | Our two Men that went out the day before, were 
 “not yet returned; therefore when ’twds dark we 
 ‘went aboard again, being much perplex’d for fear of 
 their falling into the hands of the Spanifh Hunters ; 
 if we had been ceftain of it, we would have failed 
 prefently, for we could not expe&t to redeem them 
 | again, but might have been taken our félves, either 
 » by them or by the CapeSoldiers before-mentjoned. 
 Indeed thefé Thoughts about their danger and our 
 | own, kept me waking all Night. However the 
 “hext Morning betimes we went afhore again, and 
 before we got into the Lagune we heard a Gun fired, 
 by which we knew that our Men were arrived; fo we 
 fired another in anfwer,and rowed away as faft as we 
 Could to fetch them, defigning to fail as foon as we 
 €ame aboard; for by the icieoinns South and. S. W.- 
 ‘2 6) 2 Winds 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 oc! SO 
 however becaufé there was firch great track of Hogs 4n.1675. 
 in the Woods, we kept beating about, being ftill in “WN 
 

 
 36 
 
 An. 1678. 
 
 myn 
 
 _ filld their Bellies; lay down to fleep, yet had fill 
 
 - while the North continued, to have gotten to ja 
 
 
 
 ON ae Me ae 2? eS ee 
 
 — Scarcity of Provifion, | 
 Winds together with the clearnef$ of the Sky,we fup- 
 pofed we fhould have a North : The Land intercepted 
 our profpett near the Horizon in the N.W. theretore 
 we did not fee the black Clond there, which isa 
 fure Prognoftick of a North ; when we came afhote 
 we found our two Men. They kill’d a Hog the fir 
 day, but lofing their way, were forced to march 
 like Tygresall the next day to get to us, and threw 
 away moft of their Meat to lighten themfélves, 
 
 et ‘twas Night before they got to the fide of the 
 frets, and then being 3 or 4 Miles ftill from ug 
 they made a fire and roafted their Meat, and having: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a fmall Pittance left forus. We prefently returned 
 aboard and feafted on the Remains of the Roaftmeat, 
 and being now pretty full, got up our Anchor and 
 ftood away to the South, coafting along by the 
 Ifland : And doubling the S. W. Point, we fteerel 
 away Eaft S. E. we had the Wind, when we weighed, 
 at Weft a moderate Gale, but veering about to he 
 North got at N. W. By that time we got to the 
 South Weft Point of Pines, and it now blewa 
 fierce Gale, and held thus two days, and then came 
 to the N. N. W. blowing hard {till, and from then 
 tothe North: then weedg’d away S. E. for it blew 
 hard, and we could not bring her nearer the Wind 
 From the N. it came about to the N. N.E. then we 
 knew that the heart of it was broke, howeverit 
 blew hard ftill: Then it came about to the N, B 
 and blew about 4 hours, and fo by degrees dyed 
 away and edg’d more Eafterly, till it came to the 
 E. by N. and there itftood. We were in good hopes 
 
 maica before it ceafed, and were forry to find out 
 felves thus difappointed ; for we could not fee the 
 {fland, though we judged we could not be far frat 
 
 it; at Noon we had a good obfervation, and fout 
 eur felvesin the Lat. of the Ifland. 
 
 We now had not one bit of any kind of 
 

 
 A Gonfultation. 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 aboard; therefore the Captain defired to know 4m. 167s. 
 
 our Opinions what to do, and which way we might ““V"~~ 
 
 j fooneft get to fome fhore,cither to beat tor Famaica, 
 of to bear away before the Wind, for the South 
 Keys. All the Seamen but my felf, were for going 
 to the South Keys, alledging that our Ship being 
 fich adull Sailer, would never get to Wind-ward 
 without the help of Sea and Land-Breezes, which 
 we could not expect at fuch a diftance as we were, 
 being out of the fight of any Land: and thatit 
 was probable that in three or four days time we 
 “Might be among the SouthKeys,ifwe would put forit; 
 and there we fhould find Provifion enough,either Fifth 
 _ or Flefh. 1 told them that the craft was in catching 
 it, and it was as probable that we might get as 
 “little Food in the South Keys, as we did at 
 _ Pines, whete, though there was plenty of Beefs 
 and Hogs, yet we could not tell how to get 
 _ any» befides we might be fix or feven days in 
 getting to the Keys; all which time we mutt 
 Of neceffity fatt, which if *twere but two or three 
 ~ days, would bring us fo low, that we fhould be 
 "in a weak condition to hugt. On the contrary, 
 _ if they would agree to beat a day or two longer 
 ~ for the Ifland Famaica, we might in all probabi- 
 ~ lity fee, and come fo near it, that. we might fend in 
 ‘ “our Boat and get Provifion from thence, though 
 ~ we could not get in to Anchor : for by all like- 
 " lihood we were not fo far from the. Ifland but 
 ‘that we might have féen it, had it been clear, 
 and that the hanging of the Clouds fa:med to 
 Indicate to us that the Land was obfcured by 
 them. Some of them did acquiefce with n2¢ in 
 ‘my Opinion; however, *twas agreed to put away 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Out our Sheets, trimm’d our Sails, and fteered 
 away. N.N. W. I was fo much diffatisfied, that I 
 
 be allftarved, § €c3 
 
 for the South Keys, and accordingly we veered - 
 
 ‘turmed into my Cabbin, and told them we ious | 
 
 
 
 
 
Wein DIR EEAT: 
 
 38 A joyful fight of Land. bh 
 An.1673. I could not fleep, tho’ Ilay down; for I was 
 v™ very much troubled to think of Fafting 3 or 4 Days, 
 
 ora Week; having fared very hard already. in 
 
 deed *twas by meer accident that our Food latted fo 
 
 long ; for we carried two Barrels of Beef out with 
 
 us to fell, but twas fo bad that ‘none would buy 
 
 it; which proved well for us: for after our own 
 
 Stock was {pent, this fupplied us. We boyled every 
 
 day two Pieces of it; and becaufe our Peafe were 
 
 all eaten, and our Flower almoft fpent, we cut ouf 
 
 Beef in {mall bits after twas boiled, and boiled’ 
 
 again in Water, thickned with a little Flower, am 
 
 fo eat it all together with Spoons. The litle 
 
 ieces'of Beef were like Plums in our Hodg-podg. 
 
 Indeed *twas not fitto be eaten any other way; for 
 
 : tho” it did notftink, yet it was very unfavory and 
 black; without the leaft fign of Fat in it: Brea 
 
 and Flower being fearce with us, we could no 
 
 make Dough-boysto eat with it. But to proceed, 1] 
 
 had not laynin my Cabbin above three Glaffes, be 
 
 fore one on the Deck cryed out, Land! Land! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 was very glad at the News, and we all immediatel 
 
 ' difcerned it very plain. The firft that we faw we 
 
 High-land, which we knew to be Blewfelds-Hill, Bj 
 
 a Bending or Saddle on the Top, with two {mall 
 | Heads on each Side. It bore N. E. by E. and wi 
 | 3 had the Wind at E. therefore we prefently clap’don 
 ' a Wind, and fteered in N.N. E. and foon after we 
 {aw all the Coaft; being not above five or fix Leagues 
 from it. We kept jogging in, allthe Afternoon, not 
 {triving te get in to any particular place ; but whet 
 we could fetch, there we were refolved to Anch 
 The réxt day being pretty near the fhore, betwe 
 Bleejelds-Point and Point Nigril , and having: the 
 ‘Wind large enough to fetch the latter, we fteered 
 — . .saway direCtly thither; and feeing .a Niall Velle 
 =. about two Leagues N.W. of us, making figns to 
 teak with us by hoyfing and lowring her Topfails, 
 
 x ae, “a 32 sa 
 
 
 
ap. ay Le ee Ce ee eS a ae ee 
 
 A hard Drinker, | 39 
 
 we were aftaid of her, and edged in nearer the 4m. 1675. 
 ‘fhore; and about three a Clock in the Afternoon, to 
 our great joy, we anchored at Nigri//, having been ~ 
 13 Weeks on our Paflage. I think never any Veflel 
 before nor fince, made fuch Traverfes in coming out 
 of the Bay, as wedid ; having firft blundred over 
 the Accrany Riff; and then vifited thofe Ifland 
 from thence fellin among the. Colorado Shoals, afi 
 ‘ward made a trip to Grand Caymanes ; and laftly 
 ifited Pives, tho’ tono purpofe. In all thefé Ram- 
 es we got as much experience as if we had been 
 nt out on a .defign.: ; 
 As foon as we came to Anchor, we fent our Boat 
 {hore to buy Provifions to regale our felves, after our 
 ng fatigue and fafting, and were very bufie going 
 drink a Bowl of Punch: when unexpectedly. Capt. 
 Rawlins, Commander of'a fall New-EnglandVefiel, 
 that we left at T7i/? ; and one Mr. 7obn Hooker, 
 ho had been in the Bay a twelve Month cutting 
 - Logwood, and was now coming up to Jamaica to 
 fell it, came aboard, and were invited into the Cabbin 
 to drink with us; the Bowl had notyet been touch’d, 
 (1 think there might be fix Quarts in it ) but Mr. 
 Hooker being drunk to by Captain Rawls, who 
 pledg’d Capt. Hud/wel/, and having the Bowl in his 
 hand, faid; That he was under an Oath to drink but. 
 ree Draughts of ftrong Liquora Day, and putting 
 e Bowl to his Head, turn’d it off ar one Draught, 
 d fo making himfelf drunk, difappointed us of 
 r Expe€tations, till we made another Bowl. The 
 xt day havinga brisk N. W. Wind, which was a 
 nd.of a Chocolatta North, we arrived at Port-Royal, 
 id fo ended this troublefom Voyage: mo 
 
 ast . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 HE'G eae OH AP, 
 
 
 
49 
 An. 167$- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CH ab. if. 
 
 Ble Author's fecond Voyage to the Bay of Caf 
 _ peachy. Hes arrival at the Ife of Tritt, and 
 Jetling with the Logwood-Cutters. A Defcrip 
 tion of the Coaft from Gape Condecedo # 
 Trift. Salinas or Sale Ponds. Sale gathered 
 for the Spaniards by the Indians. Hina, ate 
 markable Hill. Horfe-boof-fifh. The Triangh 
 Iflands, Campeachy Town twice taken, th 
 chief Trade, Cotton, Champeton River ; ai 4 
 zis Logwood, a rich Commodity. Port-Royal 
 Harbour and Wland. Prickly-Grafs. Sapa 
 dillo Trees. Trift [land ‘deferibed.  Coeh 
 Plum-bufhes. The Grape-Tree. +s Animals, 
 Lizards. Laguna Termina and its from 
 Tides. Summatfenta-River, 
 bull Town. Serles bis Key. C 
 
 ters. ‘Oaks growing there, and no where 
 within the Tropicks. The Original .o 
 Logwood-Trade. The Rainy Seafon, and: 
 Floods occafioned by Norths. « The dry S 
 Wild Pine-Plant. The Logwood-Tree, Blood 
 Woed, Stock Fifh-Wood and Camwood. A 
 feription of fome Animals , Squafhes, large 
 — bong-tail'd Monkies , Ant-bears , Sloths, A 
 madiWos '; Tégre Catts, Snakes of three fp th. 
 Calliwafps,» Huge Spiders, Great Ants : | 
 
 
 
| a 
 4 shew Ne it Rambling Aunts, Hamming Birds, 47.1675. 
 | Black-Birds, Turtle Doves, Quams, Gorrefos, ~“¥™ 
 Garrion Grows, Subtle Facks, Bill-Birds, Cock- 
 recos, Ducks of feveral forts, Curlews, Herons, 
 scene, Pelicans, Cormorants, Fifhing 
 awks. Several forts of Fifh, Tenpounders, 
 _ Pavricootas, Garr-Fifh , Spanifo Mackril: The 
 Ray, Alligators , Grocodsles, how they differ 
 from Alliggtors. A narrow efcape of an lri{b- 
 man from an Alligator. 
 
 before we were pay’d off, and difcharged. 
 Captain Fobnfon of New-England, being bound 
 4 again into the Bay of Campeachy, I took the op- 
 4 Bere of going a Paflenger with him, being re- 
 » ‘folved to fpend fome time at the Logwood-Trade , 
 _ and accordingly provided fuch Neceflaries as were 
 _ required about it (v7z.) Hatchets, Axes, Macheats, 
 _ (i.e. Long Knives) Saws, Wedges, €%c. a Pavillion 
 to fleep in, a Gun with Powder and fhot, &c. and 
 leaving a Letter of Attorney with Mr. Fleming, a 
 Merchant of Port-Royal, as well to difpofe of any 
 _ thing that I fhould fend up to him, as to remit to 
 ~ me what I fhould order, I took leave of my 
 _ Friends, and Imbarked. 
 
 * About the middle of Feb. 75,—6. We failed from 
 Famaica, and with a fair Wind and Weather, foon 
 got as far as Cape Catoch ; and there met a pretty 
 {trong North, which lafted two days. After that the 
 ‘Trade fettled again at E. N.E. which {peedily car- 
 tyed us to Trit Ifland. In a little time I fetled m 
 felf in the Weft Creek of the Weft Lagune with 
 fome old Logwood-Cutters, to follow the Employ- 
 ment with them. But 1 fhall proceed no farther 
 with the Relation of my own Affairs, till I have _ 
 ‘al the ae al go : given 
 
 
 
 
 _ WT was not long after our Arrival at geo 
 3 ow 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 AL Bay of Campeachy. Salina Harbor: 
 
 _ An.1673. given a defcription of the Country, and its ProduG, 
 
 wd with fome particulars of the Logwood-Cutters; 
 
 their hunting for. Beef, -and making Hides, &c. © 
 
 I have in my former Voyage defcribed the Coaft 
 
 ftom Cape Catoch to Cape. Cendecedo.. Therefore 
 
 {hall now begin where I then left otf, and following 
 
 the fame Method procged to give fome Account 6 
 
 the Sea-Coaft of the Bay of Campeachy , being com 
 
 petently qualified for it by many litdle Excurfion 
 
 Re I made from T7it during my abode in the 
 
 ats. | ! { 
 
 The Bay of Campeachy'is a deep. bending of th 
 
 Land, contained between Cape Condecedo on the Eaf 
 
 and a Point fhooting forth from the High-Land | 
 
 St. Martins on the Weft. The diftance betweet 
 
 thefe two Places is about 120 Leagues, in which are 
 
 many Large and Navigable Rivers, Wide Lagunes,€% 
 
 Of all which I fhall treat in their order, as alfo ¢ 
 
 the Land on the Coaft; its Soil, Produ&, &%c. Togs 
 
 ther: with fome Obfervations concerning the Trees 
 
 Plants, Vegetables, Animals and Natives of the 
 
 Country. a 
 
 ; From Cape Condecedo to the Salinas is 14 of 1 
 
 | Leagues; the Coaft runs in South : It is all a Sandy 
 
 | Bay between, and the Land alfo within is dry and 
 ) 
 | 
 
 fandy, producing only fome {crubbed Trees. Half way 
 between thefé two Places you may dig in the Sand 
 above High-Water-Mark , and find very good ftefh 
 Water. : q 
 
 The Saliva is a fine fmalt Harbour for Barks , but 
 
 Z 
 
 amas A 
 
 thete is not above 6 or 7 Foot Water, and clofe 
 by the Sea, a little within the Land, there is a larg 
 Salt Pond, belonging to Campeachy-Town, which 
 yields abundance of Salt. Atthe time when the Salt 
 Kerns, which isin May or Fune, the Indians of the 
 Country are ordered by the Spaniards to give theit 
 attendance,to rakeit afhore and gather it into a great 
 Pyramidal Heap, broad below and fharp at the ia Dye 
 
 : IKE 
 
 | 
 Ht 
 
 
 
‘a Salt, how preferved. ie 43 
 _ like the Ridg of a Houfe , then covering it all over sn. 1675. 
 ’ with dry Grafs and Reeds, they fet fire toit,; and WN 
 ' this burns the out-fide Salt to a hard black Croft: 
 The hard Cruft is afterwards a defence againft the 
 Rains that are now fettled in, and preferves the 
 Heap dry, even in the wetteft Seafon. The Indians 
 whofe bufinefs, I have told you, is to gather the 
 Salt thus into Heaps, wait here by turns all the 
 Kerning Seafon, not lefs than 40 or 50 Families 
 at a time; yet here are no Houfes for them to lie in, 
 neither do they at all regard ir; for they are relieved 
 by a freth fupply cf Indians every Week; and they 
 » all fleep in the open Air, fome on the Ground, but 
 - moft in very poor Hammacks faftned to Trees or 
 ’ Pofts, ftuck into the Ground for that purpofe. Their . 
 | Fare is no better than their Lodging ; for they have | 
 » no other Food, while they are here, but Tartilloes 
 © and Pofole. . Tartillces are {mall Cakes made of the 
 | Flower of Indian Corn, and Pofole is alfo Iudiaz 
 ’ Corn boiled, of which they make their Drink. But 
 ’ of this more hereatter, when I treat of the Natives 
 » and their Manner of Living. When the Kerning 
 | Seafon is over, the Indians march home to their 
  fettled Habitations, taking no more care of the Salt. 
 - But the Spaniards of Campeachy, who are Owners of 
 _ the Ponds, do frequently fend theitBarks hither for » 
 _ Salt, to load Ships that lye in Campeachy Road ; 
 and afterwards tranfport it‘to all the Ports in the 
 Bay of Mexico, efpecially to A/uarado and Tompeck, 
 _ two great Fifhing Towns ; and-I-think that all the 
 ~ Inland Towns thereabouts, are fupplied with it ; for 
 _ I know of no other Salt Ponds on all the Coaft, 
 _ befides this.and thofe before-mentioned. This Sx/iza 
 _ Harbour was often vifited by the Exglj/h beri: 
 _ Cutters, in their way ftom Famaicato Trift~And if 
 they found any Barks here, either light or laden, 
 they made bold to takeand. fell both the Ships and 
 the Indian Sailers that belonged to them, This ae 
 : ah a ee wou 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SE ta ilies nO ee eo OR 
 
 eos = eS ee 
 
 2 See ee 
 y ; : ' 
 sh 
 
m 
 
 44 _  Hina-Hill. Horfe-boof:Fi(b. ot 
 4n.1875- would tell you was by way of reprizal, for fome] 
 former injuries received of the Spamiards , though] 
 indeed ‘twas but a pretence: for the Governouts of} 
 Jamaica knew nothing of it, neither durft th 
 niards complain ; for atthat time they ufed to 
 
 all the Exg&/b Ships they met with in thefe Par 
 {paring even fuch as came laden with Sugar fro 
 maica,and were bound for England; efpecially i 
 
 had Logwood aboard. This was done openly.for the 
 
 Ships were carried into the Havanna, there fold and 
 
 the Men imprifoned without any Redrefs. 4 
 
 _ From the Sa/imas to Campeachy Town, is about 20 
 Leagues ; the Coaft runsS. by W. The firft 4 League 
 
 of it, along the Coaft, is drowned Mangrove-Land 
 
 et about two Mile South of the Salina abou 
 
 ards from the Sea, there is a frefh Spring, whichis 
 
 vifited by all the Indians that pafs this way eitherin 
 
 Bark or Canoa; there being no Water befide nei 
 
 it; and there is a {mall dirty path leads to it thro’ th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mangroves; after you are paft thefe Mangroves, the 
 Coaft rifeth higher with many fandy Bays, whele 
 Boats may conveniently land, but no frefh Water tll 
 you come toa River near Campeachy Town. Tht 
 Land further along the Coaft is partly Mangrovy, 
 but moft of it dry Ground, and not very fruitf 
 ) peak only a few fcrubed Bufhes: And there 
 ogwood growing on all this Coaft, even from Caf 7 
 Catoch to Campeachy Town. 4 
 About fix Leagues before you come to Campeach, 
 there is a fmall Hill called Hiza, where Private 
 do commonly Anchor and keep Sentinels on the 
 to look out for Ships bound to the Town: Ther 
 plenty of good Fire-wood, but no Water; and 
 the furf of the Sea, clofe by the fhore, you f 
 abundance of Shell-fifh, called by the Exgli/h, Hor, 
 boofs, becaufe the under part or belly of the Fifl 
 flat, and fomewhat refembling that Figure inShapé 
 and Magnitude , but the back is round lice I 
 
 fi 
 Re | 
 
7 Campeachy Town: 45 
 ~ tles ; the Shell is thin and brittle, like a Lobfters 5 4n. 167s. 
 f with many fmall Claws: and by report they are 
 ' ¥ery good Meat, but1 never tafted any of them 
 my felf 
 
 _ Thereare three {mall low fandy Iflands, about 25 
 
 _ or 26 Leagues from Hina, bearing North from it, and 
 _ 30 Leagues from Campeachy. On the South fide of 
 _ thefe Iflands there is good Anchorage ; but neither 
 ~ Woodmor Water : And as for Animals, we faw none, 
 but only great numbers of large Rats and plenty of 
 _ Boobies,and Men-of-War-Birds.Thefe Iflands are call’d 
 _ the Triangles, from the Figure they make in their 
 ’ Pofition. There are no other at any diftance ftom 
 _ the fhore, but thefe and the Alcranies, mentioned in 
 _ the former Chapter, in all this Coaft that I have feen. 
 _ From Hina to Campeachy, as 1 {aid before, is 
 _ about 6 Leagues. Compeachyis a fair Town, ftanding 
 _ on the fhore in a fmall bending of theLand ; and is 
 the only Town on all this Coaft, even from Cape 
 | Catoch to La Vera Cruz,that ftands opento the Sea.lt 
 _ makes a fine fhew, being built all with good Stone. | 
 _ The Houfes are not high, but the Walls very ftrong , 
 _ the Roofs flatifh, after the Spam/h Fafhion, and. ~ 
 ' covered with Pantile. There is a {trong Citadel or. 
 _ Fort at one end, planted with many Guns ; where 
 _ the Governour refides with a {mall Garrifon to de- 
 ’ ‘fend it. Though this Port Commands the Town and 
 _ Harbour, yet it hath been twice taken. Firft by 
 | Sir Chriftopber Mims ; who about the Year 1659, 
 ' having fummoned the Governour, and afterwards 
 ' ftayed 3 days for an Anfwer before he Landed his 
 - Men, yet then took it by Storm, and that only with 
 _ fall Arms. I have been told that when he was 
 _ advifed by the Famaica Privateers, to take it by Stra- 
 _ tagem in the Night: he replied, that he {Corned to 
  fteal a Vittory ; therefore when he went againft it, 
 he gave them warning of his Apprpach , A his 
 
 ” 7 | rums 
 
 
 
 
 
An. 1675. 
 wy~d) 
 
 — themfélves Mafters of it. The Town is not very 
 
 - all this Coaft. The chiefeft ManutaQure o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cotton-Cloath, 7 
 Drums and Trumpets ; yet he took the Fort at thé 
 firft onfet and immediately became Mafter of the} i 
 Place. ion E 
 
 It was taken a fecond time by Exgli/h and Fremh 
 
 Privateers, about the Year 1678. by furprize |: 
 They Landed in the Night about 2 Leagues from th 
 Town, and marching into the Country, lighted ona 
 Path that brought them thither. The next Morning 
 near Sun-rifing, they entred the Town, when many 
 of the Inhabitants were now ftirring in their Ho 
 who hearing a noifé in the Street, look’d outto 
 the occafion, and feeing Armed Men marching to 
 wards the Fort, fuppofed them to be fome Soldiers of 
 their own Garrifon, that were returned out of the 
 Country , for about a Fortnight or 3 VVeeks before, 
 they had fent out a Party to fuppref$ fome Indians, 
 then in Rebellion ; athing very Common in this 
 Country. Under favour of this Suppofition, the 
 Privateers marched through the Streets, even to th 
 Fort, without the leaft Oppofition. Nay, the Towr 
 People bad them, Good Morrew ; and Congratulate 
 their fafe return ; not difcovering them to be En 
 imies, till they fired at the Setine/s on the Fort-wall 
 and prefently after began a furious Attack; amt 
 turning two {mall Guns, which they found in th 
 Parade againft the Gates of the Fort, they foon made 
 
 tich, though, as I faid before, the only Sea-Port of 
 
 Country is Cotton-Cloath ; this ferves for cloathing 
 the Indians, and even the poorer fort of Spaniart 
 wear nothing elfe.” It is ufed alfo for making Sail 
 for Ships, and remitted to other parts for the fam 
 purpofe. | q 
 Befides Cotton-Cloath, and Salt fetch’d from the 
 Salinas, I know of no other vendible Commodity 
 exported hence. Indeed formerly this place was the 
 Scale of the whole Logwood-Trade , which is ns - 
 ore 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Logwood, a Rich Gommodity. 47, 
 fore ftill called Palo (i.e. VVood). de Campeachy; tho? An.1679, 
 it did not grow nearerthan at 12 or 14 Leagues wwNo 
 diftance from the Town. 
 
 _ The place where the Spaniards did then cut it,was 
 at a River, called Champeron,about 10 or 12 Leagues 
 to Leeward ot Campeachy Town; the Coaft trom 
 ~ thence South, the Land pretty high and rocky. The 
 Native Ivdians that lived hereabouts, were hired to 
 ‘cut it for a Ryal a Day, it then being worth go, 
 oo or110/. per Tun. | n* 
 
 _ After the Englifh had taken Famaica, and began 
 to Cruife in this Bay, they found many- Barks laden 
 With it ; but not knowing its value then, they either 
 fet them adrift or burned them, faving only the 
 “Nails and Iron-wo1k ; a thing now ufual among the 
 Privateers ; taking no notice at all of the Cargo, 
 ‘till Cap. 7ames, having taken a great Ship laden with 
 ‘it, and brought her home to Ezg/and, to fit her for 
 a Privateer, beyond his Expe€tation, fold his VVood 
 at a great rate ; tho’ before he valued it fo little that 
 he burned of it all his Paflage home. After his re- 
 turn to Famaica, the English viliting this Bay, 
 found out the Place where it grew, and if they 
 ‘met no Prize at Sea, they would go to Champeton 
 River, where they were certain to find large Piles 
 " cut to their Hand, and brought to the Sea-fide ready 
 ’ tobe fhip’d of. This was their Common Pra€tice ; 
 till at laft the Spaniards {ent Soldiers thither to pre- 
 vent their Depredations. 
 - But by this time the Exgi/h knew the Trees, as 
 ‘growing ; and underftanding their value, began to 
 Tummage other Coafts of the Main, in fearch of 
 ‘it, till, according to-their defire, they found large 
 roves of it, mft at Cape Catoch ; (which, as I have 
 _ faid before, was the firit.Place where they fetled to 
 _ Logwood-Cutting) and loaded many Veflels from 
 ‘thence to Famaica,and other Places. But it growing 
 _ fearce there,they found out the Lagune of I77/t in ae 
 
 Mi ‘ ay 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 i lal 
 
 a8 
 
 An. 1675. Bay of Campeachy ; where they followed the fame 
 wy~ Trade, and have ever fince continued it, even to the 
 
 Place is remarkable enough, becaufe from hen¢é 
 
 Sa eel 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Port-Royal Herbour and Wand, 
 
 a 
 | 
 are 
 
 iis 
 
 time of my being here: But to proceed, wy 
 
 From the River Champeton to Port-Royal, is about 
 18 Leagues ; the CoaftS.S. VV. or 5. VV. byS, 
 Low-land with afandy Bay, againft the Sea, and 
 fome Trees by the fhore, with fmall Swvanahbs, mixt 
 with fmall fhrubby VVoods within Land oil de 
 way. There is only one River between Champeton and 
 Port-Royal, called Port E/condedo. ‘| 
 
 Port-Royal is a broad Entrance into a Salt Lagune, 
 of 9 or10 Leagues long, and 3 or 4 wide with 
 2 Mouths, one at each end. This Mouth of Pot 
 Royal hath a Barr, whereon there is 9 or 10 Foot 
 VVater. VVithin the Bar it isdeep enough, and 
 there is good Anchoring on either fide. The entrang 
 is about a Mile over, and two Miles in length; 
 it hath fair fandy Bays on each fide, with {mooth 
 Landing. q 
 
 Ships commonly Anchor on the VVeather or Eat 
 fide next Champeton, both for the convenience @ 
 fome VVells there dug on the Bays by the Prive 
 teers and Logwood-Cutters, as alfo to ride more Olt 
 of the Tide, which here runs very ftrong. _ 
 
 Land trends away VVeft, and runs fo for about 6) 
 or 70 Leagues farther. = 
 On the VVett fide of this Harbour is a low Ifland 
 called by Us Port-Royal-Iftand , which makes o { 
 fide of the Mouth, as the Main does the other : It 
 is about 2 Mileswide and 3 Leagues long, runniig 
 Kaft and VVeft. The Eaft end of this I/and is fand 
 and pretty clear of VVoods, with fome Grafs, bea 
 ing a {mall prickly Bur, no bigger than a Grey Pea, 
 which renders it very troublefom to thofe that walt 
 bare-foot, asthe Bay-Menoiten do. Therearefome 
 Bufhes of Burton-wood: And a little further to the 
 Wet grow large Supadillo-Trees , whofe ca i 
 alee ahh Ong: 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bs . tbivas ears ; pa 
 i. Tift land, : *. .. Fares, Ad. 
 Yong and very pleafant. The reft of the Iland.iS An. 1698. 
 _ nore woody, efpecially the North fide, which is full y~o 
 _ of white Mangrove clofé.to the. fhore. ‘come 
 __. On the WVett fide of this Ifland, -is another finall 
 low Ifland, called T7i/t, feparated:ftom the formet 
 » by a iinall Salt Creek, fcarce broad enough for a 
 manoa to pale through. 54 3) :t.5 © 2) oe, 
 
 - The and TIrift isin fome Places three. Mile 
 wide, and about 4 Léaguesin Length; running E: 
 and W. The Eaft end is fwampy and full of white 
 Mangroves ; and the South fide much the fame: 
 The Weft part is dry and dandy, bearing a fort of 
 long Grafs, growing. in Tutts very thin. This is a 
 fort of Savannah, with. fone large Pa/meto-Trees, 
 ‘growing in it. The North fide of the VVeft end is 
 full of Coco-Plum-Bufhes, and fome Grapes... +). 
 . The Coco-Plum-Bufh is about 8 or-9 Foot high; 
 ‘fpreading out into many Branches. Its Rind black 
 _and fmooth ; the Leaves oval and pretty large and 
 ‘of a dark Green: : The Fruit is. about the bignefs, 
 Of a Horfe-Plum, ‘but round , fome aré black, fome 
 white, others redifh: The Skin of the Plum is very 
 ‘thin and {mooth ; the-infide white, foft and woolly, 
 father fit to fuck than bite, inclofing in the middle a 
 
 arge lott Stone. - This Fruit grows commonly in the 
 
 mand near the Sea; and I have tafted fome that 
 have been faltith ; but they are commonly {weet andl’ 
 leafant enough, and accounted very wholfom:. - . 
 _ The Body of the Grape-Tyee is about two or three 
 
 S ft 
 
 Foot in Citcumference,;. growing 7 or 8 Foot high,, 
 then fends forth many Branches, whofe Twigs are, 
 thick and grofs ; the Leaves are {haped much like an; 
 vy Leaf, but broader ,and more hard ;. the Fruit is 
 § big as an ordinary Grape growing in Bunches or. 
 clufiers among the Twigs all over the Tree, «it is. 
 black when ripe, and: the infide redifh, with a large 
 hard Stone inthe middle. This Fruit is very pleafanc. 
 and wholfom, but of litde fubftance, the Stones 
 — ee OG : being" 
 
 . 
 , . , 
 
 ae 
 
 3 Des ates Ry 
 
 = ts ee 
 
 ae 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 oe" iia ies WINS a a 
 An. 1676. being fo large: The Body and Limbs of the Tr 
 
 &Y~ ate good Fewel, making a clear ftrong fire, there. 
 fore often ufed by the Privateers to harden the Steels 
 of their Guhs when faulty. } = 
 
 The Animals of this [Zand are, Lizards, Guanoes, 
 Szakes and Dear : Befide the Common {mall Lizard, 
 there is another fort of a large kind, called a Lyom 
 
 | Lizard : This Creature is fhaped much like the other, 
 but almoft as big as a Man’s Arm, and it has a large. 
 Comb on its head; whenit is affaulced it ‘ets its 
 Comb up anend; but otherways it lyes down flat: 
 Here are two or three forts of Snakes; fome very 
 large, as I have been told. a 
 At the Weft end of the [Mand clofe by the Sea, 
 you may dig in the Sand 5 or 6 Foot deep, and find 
 ' good frefh Water: There are commonly VVells 
 ready made by Seamen to water their Ships ; but 
 they foon fill up if not cleared ; and if you dig 
 too deep, your VVater will be falt. This I/and 
 was feldom clear of Inhabitants when the Exgljh 
 vifited the Bay for Logwood for the biggeft Ships 
 did always ride herein 6 or 7 Fathom Water clofe 
 by the Shore ; but fmaller Veflels ran up 3 League 
 farther to One-Bufh-Key, of which in my formet 
 Chapter. | 
 
 The fecond Mouth or Entrance into this Lagune i 
 between T7ift and Beef-Ifland, and is about 3 Mile 
 wide. [tis {hoal without, and only two Channels 
 to come in: The deepeft Channel ona Spring Tide, 
 has 12 Foot Water. It lyes near the middle of the 
 Mouth; hard Sand on the Barr; the Weft Channel 
 is about 10 Foot Water; and lies pretty near Beef 
 Ifand: You run in with the Sea-Breez, and found all 
 the way; taking your Sounding from Beef-I/lam 
 fhore. The bottom is foft Oaz, and it fhoots td: 
 dually. Being fhot in’ within BeefI/land Point, you 
 will have three fathom; then you may ftand ovet 
 towards I7z/?, till you come near the Shore, and 
 

 
 
 
 
 Laguna Termina, 
 
 ing any where within the Bar between ‘I7/? and 
 Beef-I/land,but theTide is much ftronger than at Port- 
 Roya/. This is the other Mouth or opening to the 
 Salt Lagune before-mentioned. ‘This Lagune is call’d 
 __ by the Spaniards, Laguna Termina, or the Lagune of 
 _ Tides, becaufe they run very ftrong here. Small 
 _ Veffels, as Barks, Periagoes or Canoas may fail thro’ 
 this Lagune, from one Mouth to the other, or into 
 _ fuch Creeks, Rivers or fmaller Lagunes, as empty 
 themfelvesinta this, of which here are many : The 
 firft of Note on the Eaft part of this Lagune, as 
 you come in at Port-Roya/, is the River Summa- 
 Sent a. 
 
 This River, though but fmall, yet it is big enough 
 for Pereagoes ta enter. It difembogues on the South 
 _- fide near the middle of the Laguze. There was 
 formerly an Indian Village named Summafenta, near 
 the Mouth of the River ; and another large Indian 
 Town, called Chucquebul, 7 or 8 Leagues up in the 
 _ Country. This latter was once taken by the Pri- 
 -vateers; by whom I have been informed, that 
 
 there were about 2000 Families of Indians 
 
 in it, and two or three Churches, and as many Spa- 
 _nifh Friers, though no white Men befide. The Land. 
 _ near this River yields plenty of Logwood. 
 | From Summafenta River to One-Bufb-Key is 4 or 
 » 5 Leagues, the fhore running Weft. I have defcribed 
 ) One-Bufh-Key, and the Creek againft it, which 
 as I faid, is very narrow, and not above a Mile long 
 before it opens into another wide Lake, lying neareft 
 /N. and S. called the Ea/? Lagune. It is about a 
 League and half wide, and 3 Leagues long, encom- 
 -pafled. with Mangrove-Trees. At the S. E. cor- 
 ner of it there isanother Creek about a Mile wide 
 -atthe Mouth, running 6 or 7 Mileinto the Country; 
 on both fides of it grows plenty of Logwood, there- 
 fore it was inhabited by Englifhmen who lived in 
 
 Dd 2 fmalt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 there Anchor as you pleafé;, There is good Anchor- 4.1676. 
 wy 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gt Serles’s Adventure, 4 
 An. 1676. fmall Companies, from three to ten ina Company ? 
 “7 and fettled themfelves at their beft Convenience for 
 Cutting... At the Head of the Creek they madea 
 path, leading into a large Savanah full of black Cat- 
 the, Horfes and Deér ; which was:often vifited by 
 them upon occafion. UR Aa ES ‘4 
 Atthe North end, and about the middle of the 
 Eaft Lagune, there is another fmall Creek like that 
 which comes out againft One-Bufh-Key, but lef and 
 fhallower, which difchargeth it elf” into Laguna 
 Lermina, againtt a fmall fandy Key, called by thé 
 Englith Ser/es’s Key, from one Captain Serzes: who 
  firlt carried his Vetlel here,and was afterwards killed { 
 in the Weitern Lagune, by one of his company as_ 
 they were cutting Logwood together. This Captain 
 Serles was one of Sir Henry Morgans Commanders, 
 at the Sacking of Panama, who being fent.out to 
 eruife in.a fmall Veflelin the South Seas; happened 
 to furprize dt Taboca, the Boatfwain and: moft of the 
 Crew belonging to the Tyiry, a Spanith Ship, 
 on Board which were the Friers and Nuns. 
 with all the old Gentlemen and Matrons of the 
 Town, to the number of 1500 Souls, befides an im: 
 menfe ‘Freafure in S:/ver and Gold, .as 1 was infor 
 med by Captain Pera/ta, who then Commanded her, 
 as he did afterwards, when fhe was taken. by Captain 
 Sharp, all which he might have taken in the Ship, 
 had he purfued her. Rati eae ; 
 , On the Weft fide of the Eaft Lagune, there isa’ 
 fmall Skirt of Mangroves, that feparates it from 
 another running Parallel with it, called’ the Eaft Las 
 gune, which is about the bignefS of the former, 
 . Towards the North end of this Lagaue runs a 
 
 fmall Creek, coming out of the Faf? Lagune, deep 
 enough for {mall Barks to pafsthrough, 2 
 _.Atthe South end of this Lagume; there is a Creek 
 about a Mile wide at its Mouth ;. and half a Mile 
 from thence’ it divides into two Branches ; ei 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Rife of the Logwood-Trade. 
 
 is frefh 10 Months; but in the midft of the dry 
 Seafon, tis brackifh. Four Mile from the Mouth,the 
 _ Land on both fides thefe two Branches is wet and 
 _ fwampy, aftording only Mangroves by the Creeks 
 | fides: only at the Heads of them, there are many 
 - large Oaks, befides which I did never fee any grow- 
 ing within the Tropicks: but 20 Paces within that 
 grows plenty ot. Logwood , therefore the Cutters 
 fettled themielves here alfo, nt 
 
 ~~ On the Weft fide of the Weft Branch lyes a large 
 - Pafture for Cattle about 3 Miles from the Creek ; to 
 ' which the Logwood-Cutters had made paths from 
 _ their Huts to hunt Cattle, whichare always there in 
 ' great numbers ; and commonly fatter than thofe in 
 ' the Neighbouring Sevannabs and therefore was 
 called the fat Savannah ; and this Weft Creek was 
 _always moft inhabited by Logwood-Cutters. © - 
 
 | The Logwood-Trade was grown very common 
 _ before 1 came hither, here being, as I faid before, 
 about 260 or 270 Men living in all the Lagwne and 
 ' at Beef-Ifand, of which Ife J fhall {peak hereafter : 
 _ This Trade had its Rife from the decay of Priva: 
 _ teering , for after Famaica was well fettled by the 
 - Englfh, and a Peace eftablifhed with Spaz, the 
 Privateers. who had hitherto lived upon plundering 
 _ the Spaniards, were put to their fhifts:, for they had 
 _ prodigally fpent whatever they got, and: row 
 _ wanting fubfiftence, were forced either to go 
 to Petit Guavas , where the: Privateer-Trade ftill 
 continued, or into the Bay for Logwood. a 
 _ The more Induftrious fort of them came hither, 
 yet even thefe, though they could work well 
 _ enough if they. pleafed ; yet thought it a dry bufinefs 
 ~ totoilat Cutting Wood. They were good Marks- 
 ~ Men, and fo: took: more delight in Hunting ; but 
 _ neither: of thofe Employments affected them fo 
 4 Bs D 3 much 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | the Eaft the other the Weft Branch; both deep 4” 1674. 
 _ enough for fmall Barks 7 or 8 Mileup. The Water “¥™ 
 
 
 

 
 — 
 54 
 
 An.1676. touch as Privateering, therefore they often mad 
 ‘yu Sallies out in fmall Parties among the neareft Indian 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Logwood-Gutting, 
 
 8 
 
 ‘= 
 ait 
 de 
 
 Towns ; where they plundred, and brought away the 
 Indian Women to ferve them at their Huts, and fent 
 their Husbands to be fold at Jamaica; befides they 
 had not their oldDrinking-bouts forgot,and would ftil 
 fpend 30 or 40 /. at a fitting aboard the Shi 
 that came hither from Jamaica , caroufing and firing 
 off Guns 3 or 4 daystogether. And tho’ afterwards 
 many {ober Men came into the Bay to cut Wood, yet 
 by degrees the old Standers fo debauched them that 
 they could never fettle themfelves under any Civil 
 Government, but continued in their Wickedneff 
 till the Spaniards, encouraged by their carelef$ Rid 
 ting, fell upon them, and took moft of them finghy 
 at their own Huts; and carried them away Prifonet 
 to Campeachy or La Vera Cruz, fromwhence the 
 weie fent to Mexico, and fold to feveral Tradefine 
 in that City ; and from thence , after two or three 
 Years, when they could fpeak Spanifh, many of 
 them made their Efcapes, and marched in by-Pathi 
 back to LaVeraGuz , and by the Hora conveyed 
 to Spain, and fo to England. J have fpoke with 
 many of them fince, who told me that none of them ] 
 were {ent to the Silver Mines to Work, but 
 kept in or near the City, and never fuffered 
 to go with their Caravans to New Mexico -or that 
 way. I relate this, becaufé it is generally fuggefted j 
 that the Spaniards commonly fend their Prifonets 
 thither, and ufé them very barbaroufly, but 1 
 could never learn that any Exropean has been thus 
 ferved ; whether for fear of difcovering their Weal 
 nefs, or for any other Reafon, I know not. Butto 
 proceed, It is moft certain that the Logwood-Cutters, 
 that wete in the Bay when I was there , .. were all 
 touted or taken; a thing I ever feared, and that 
 was the reafon that moved me at laftto come awa’ is 
 although _ 
 

 
 fe ERAS pt pe eee ew a ES Pm Ee Ie eA ee 
 
 See 
 
 
 
 Wet Seafons. 
 
 | although a Place where a Man might have gotten 4n. 1576, 
 | anEftate. Vw 
 
 Having thus given an Account of the firft 
 
 fettling of this Place by my Country-men, I fhall 
 ' next jay fomething concerning the Seafons of the 
 | Year, {ome particulars of the Country, its Animals, 
 ) of the Logwood-Trade, and their manner of Hun- . 
 » ting, and feveral remarkable Paffages that happenéd 
 © during my ftay there. 
 
 This part of the Bay of Campeachy lyes in about 13d 
 
 of North Lat. The Sea-Breezes here in fair weather,are 
 
 at N. N. E.or N. The Land-winds are atS. S. E. and S. 
 
 ' but in bad Weather at E. S. E. a hard gale for two 
 | or three days together. The dry Seafon begins in 
 | September, and holdstill Apri/ or May ; then comes 
 _ inthe wet Seafon, which begins with Tornadoes ; 
 ' firftone in a day, andby degrees increafing till Fuxe; 
 _ and then you have fet Kains till the latter end of 
 _ Axuguft. This {wells the Rivers fo that they over-flow, 
 _ and the Savannahs begin to be covered with Water ; 
 _ andalthough there may be fome Intermiflions of 
 
 dry Weather, yet there are {till plentiful fhowers of 
 
 Rain ; fo that as the water does not  in- 
 
 creafe ; neither does it decreafé ,; but continues thus 
 til the North Winds are fet in ftrong; and then all 
 
 _ the Savannahs, for many Miles, feems to be but part 
 
 of the Sea. The Northsdo commonly fet in about 
 the beginning of Ofober, and continue by intervals 
 
 till March. But ‘of thefe I {hall {peak more in my 
 
 Chapter of Winds. Thefe Winds blowing right in 
 
 on the Land. drive in the Sea, and keep the Tides from 
 
 their conftant Courfe as long as they laft, which is 
 fometimes two or three Days, by thismeans the Frefh- 
 es are pent up, and overflow much more than before, 
 
 - tho’ there be lefS Rain. They blow moft fiercely inDe- 
 
 cember and Fanuary , butafterwards they decreafe 
 in ftrength ; and are neither fo frequent nor lafting : 
 and then the Frefhes begin to drain from off the low 
 
 D4 . Ground ; 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wild Ping, a 
 1676.Gtound. By the middle of Feb. the Land is aff 
 y~Y diy; and in the next Month perhaps you will {cares 
 ~ get Water to drink, even in thofe Savannahs that but® 
 ‘Weeks before werelike a Sea, By the beginning of 
 April, the Ponds alfo in the Savajmalis are all drye 
 up, and one that knows not how to get Water othe 
 _'ways may perifh for thirft, but thofe that area 
 quainted here, in their Neceffity make to thé Wood 
 and refrefh themfelves with Water that. they fin 
 in wild Pines. © See oon 
 + The wild Pine isa plant {0 called, becaufe 
 fomewhat refembles the Bufh that bears the Pine 
 they. are-commonly fupported,. or grow from fom 
 Bunch, Knot or Excrefcence ot the Tree, where the 
 take root, and grow upright. - The root is fhort ang 
 thick, trom whence the Leayes rile wp in folds one 
 within another, {preading’ off at the top: They are 0 
 agood ‘thick Subftance, and about 10 or’12 Inche 
 Jong. The outtide Leaves are fo compact as to cof 
 tainthe Kain-water as it fails. They will holdg 
 Pint and a halfor a Quart ; and this Water refrefhes 
 the Leaves and nourifhes! the Root. When. we find 
 thefe Pies, we ftick our Knives into the Leaves juft 
 above the Root, and that lets out-the Water, which 
 we catch in our Hats, as I have done many times to 
 my great relief. Pe ue ewes | 
 ' The Landnear the Sea orthe Lagunes is Mangrovy, 
 and always wet, but at a little diftance from it, it 
 is falt and firm, and never overflowed, but-in the 
 wet Seafon. The Soilis a {trong yellowith Clay ; 
 But yet the upper Coat er-furface is. a‘black» moulds 
 tho’ not deep. Here grow diversforts of Trees of no: 
 great bulk nor height. Ameng thefe the Logwood- 
 . ‘Trees thrive beft, and are yéry plentiful; this being” 
 the mott proper Soil for them : tor they do not thrive’ 
 in dry Grounds, neither {hall you fee any growing in 
 yich black.mould; - They are much‘ like our white | 
 fhorng in Avg/and, but generally a-great deal bigeet if 
 
 An. * 
 ie 
 
 As, 
 
 Te Bee 
 cB cad 
 
é Logwood Trees: 57 
 the Rind of the young growing Branches is white 4n, 1676. 
 4nd fmooth; with fome prickles fhooting forth here Uva 
 ‘and there : So that an Engli/h-man not knowing the ~~ 
 difference would take them for White-Thorns; but 
 
 “the Body and the old Branches are blackifh; the Rind 
 “rougher, ‘with few or no ‘prickles. The Leaves are 
 finail’and fhaped like the Common White-Thorn- 
 
 “Leaf of a palifh Green. We always chufe to cut 
 
 ‘the old black-rinded Trees ; for thefe have lefs fap, 
 
 ‘and require bat ‘little pains to chip of cut it. 
 
 'The fap is white, and the heart ‘red: The heart is 
 
 “uléd much for dying ; therctore we chip off all the 
 
 “white fap, till we cometo the heart ; and then itis _ 
 
 ‘fit to be tranfported to Ewrope. After it has been 
 
 “chip’d a ‘little while, it turns black’; and if it lyes 
 ia the VVater it dyes it like Ink; and fometimes 
 t has been ufed to write with. Some Trees are 5 or 
 6Foot in Circumference : and thefe we can fcarce 
 ‘cut into Logs {mall enough for a Man’s Burthen, — 
 “withoutpreatLabour ; and therefore are forced to 
 ‘blow them up. © It is a very ponderousfort of wood, 
 ‘and burns very well, making a clear ftrong fire, 
 -and very lafting. VVe always harden the Steels of 
 “our Fire-Arms, when they are faulty, in a Logwood- 
 fire if wecan get it, but otherways, asl {aid betore, 
 with Byrton-wodd or the Grape:ttee. Thetrue Log- | 
 wood, Uthink, grows only in thisCountry of Fucatans 
 ‘and even there but only in fome Places near the Sea. _ 
 ‘The chiefeft places for it are either here or at 
 ‘Cape Catoch, and on the South fide of Fucatan in 
 ‘the Bay of Honduras. There are other forts of'- 
 WVood much Fike it in colour, and ufed for dying 
 alfo : Some more efteemed, others of leffer value: 
 Of thefe forts Bloodwood aud Stock-filh-wood 
 fare of the natural growth of America. 
 
 | The Gulphof Nicaragua , which opens againft 
 the Ifle, of Providence, is the only Place that | 
 know inthe North Seas, that produces the Blood- 
 (ie ; ic me ERE Ss OS OORT 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 
 
 Oe, 
 
58 
 
 n.1676. wood: And the Land on the other fide of the Con 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Blood-wood and Stock: fifb-wood: 
 
 try againft it in the South Seas, produceth the fam 
 forts. y 
 
 This Wood is of a brighter red than the Log 
 wood. It was fold for 30 / per Tun, when Log 
 wood was but at 14 or 15 ; and at the fame tif 
 Stock-Fifh-Wood went at 7 or 8. Thislaft fort grot 
 in the Country near Rio Ja Hacha, to the Eaft of ¢ 
 Martha, by the fides of Rivers in the Low-Lan 
 It is a fmaller fort of Wood than the former. J 
 have feen a Tree much like the Logwood, int 
 River of Conception in the Sambaloes ; and 1 kné 
 it will dye ; but whether it be either of thefe ty 
 forts, I know not: Befides here and in the pla 
 before-mentioned ; I have not met with any fudh 
 Wood in America. a 
 
 At Cherburg near Sierra-Leone in Africa, there 
 Camwood ; which is much like Blood-wood if a 
 the fame. And at Tungueen, in the Eaft Indi 
 there is alfo fuch another fort: I have not heard, 
 
 ther fort; growing higher and taller than the Le 
 wood-trees, or any nearthem: Beyond this, youft 
 enter into large Savannahs of long Grafs, two Of 
 three Miles wide ; in fome Places much more. 
 The Mould of the Savannahs is generally black 
 and deep ; producing a courfe fort of fedgy Graig 
 In the latter end of the dry time, we fet fire toi 
 which runs like Wild-fire, and keeps burning as long” 
 as there is any Fewel; unlefS fome good fhower ol 
 Rain puts it out: Then prefently {prings up a new 
 green Crop, which thrives beyond all belief: The 
 Savannahs are bounded on each fide with Ridges of 
 higher Land, of a light-brown Colour ; deep and 
 very fruitful : producing extraordinary gat 
 Tees. 
 
Squafbes. Large Monkies. 59 
 
 Trees. The Land for 10 or 20 Miles from the Sea, 4n.1676, 
 is generally compos’d of many Ridges of delicate wry 
 Wood-land, and large Furrows of pleafant grafly 
 Savannahs, alternately intermixed with each other. 
 
 _ The Animals of this Country are, Horfes, Bullocks, 
 “Deer, Wartee , Pecary, Squafhes, Poflums, Mon- 
 
 ‘Kies, Ant-Bears, Sloths, Armadilloes , Porcupines, 
 _Land-turtle, Guanoes, and Lizards of all kinds. 
 
 The Squafh is a four-footed Beaft, bigger than a 
 Cat: Its Head is much like a Foxes; with fhort 
 
 Ears and a long Nofé. Ithas pretty fhort Legs, and 
 
 tharp Claws; by which it will run up Trees like a 
 “Cat. The Skin iscoverd with fhort tne yellowifh 
 “Hair. The flefh of it is good, fweet, wholefom Meat. 
 We commonly skin and roaft it; and then we call 
 “itPig, andI think it eats as well. It feeds on nothing 
 but good Fruit ; therefore we find them moft among 
 ‘the Sapadillo-Trees; This Creature never ram- 
 bles very far: and being taken young, will 
 ‘become as tafne as a Dog ; and be asroguifh as a 
 Monkey. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Monkies that are in thefe Parts are the uglieft 
 ever faw. They are much bigger than a Hare, and 
 have great Tailsabout two foot and half long. The 
 “under-fide of their Tails is all bare’, with a black 
 “hard skin, but the upper fide, and all the Body is 
 “covered with courfe, long, black, ftaring Hair. Thefe 
 ‘Creatures keep together 20 or 30 in a Company, 
 and ramble over the Woods ; leaping ftom Tree to 
 Tree. If they meet with a fingle Perfon, they will 
 “threaten to devour him. When I have beenalone 
 _Thave been aftaid to fhoot them, efpecially the firft 
 ‘time I-met them. They were a great Company 
 dancing from Tree to Tree, over my Head; chatter- 
 ing and making a terrible Noife , and a great many 
 “gtim Faces, and {hewing Antick Geftures. Some broke 
 down dry Sticks and threw at me; others at 
 a their 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 Dy 
 Wi 
 
 
 
vid ae, Sena” oP _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60 Monkies. Aut-Bears. q 
 4n. 1676, their Urine and Dung about my Eats; at laft one], 
 www bigger than the reft, came toa {mall Limb juft ove 
 
 my Head; and leaping dircttly at me, made me 
 ftart back ; but the Monkey caught hold of ¢ 
 Bough withthe tip of -his Tail ; and there com 
 nued {winging to and fro, and making Mouths 
 me.- — AtlaftL paft on, they fill 
 keeping me Company, with the like menacing F 
 ftures, till I came toour Huts. The Tails of thee 
 Monkies are as good to them as one of their Hands 
 
 and they will hold asfaft by them. if two or md 
 
 4 Ol us were together they would haften from us. T 
 Females with their young Ones, ae ‘much trou 
 to leap after the Males; for tkey have commot 
 two: one the cayries under one of her Arms ; t 
 other fits on her Back, and cla{ps her two tore Pa 
 about her Neck. Thefe Monkies are the moft f 
 len Iever met with; for all the Art that wecould ¥ 
 would. never tame them. It is a hard matter to {hot 
 one of them,fo as to take it; for if it gets hold wi 
 its Claws or Tail, it will not fall as long as 0 
 breath of Life remains. After I have fhot at of 
 and broke a Leg or an Arm, I have pittied the po 
 Creature to fee it look on and handle che wound 
 Limb ; and turn it about from fide to fide. The 
 Monkies are very rarely, or (as fome fay) never 
 
 
 
 
 
 the Ground. Betee Oy 
 _ The Ant-Bear isa four-footed Beaft, as big as 
 pretty large Dog; with rough black-brown. Hair: | 
 hasfhort Legs; a long, Nofe and little Eyes; ave 
 little Mouth, anda ilender Tongue like an Eatt 
 worm about 5 or 6 Ineheslong. This Creature | ce 
 -on Ants; therefore you always find them nearé 
 Ants Net or Path. . It takes its Food thus; It la 
 its Nofé down flat on the Ground, clof by 4 
 Path that the Ants travel in, (whereof here are man 
 in this Country) and then puts out its Tongi 
 athwart the Path; the Ants paffing ara an 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — Shoths. Avmadéllos: 
 
 ime it will be covered all over with Ants, which 
 the perceiving, draws in her Tongue, and then eats 
 em ; and after puts it out again to trapan more. 
 
 nger ; for I have eaten of them. I havé mét with 
 fe Creatures in feveral Places of America, as well 
 a@ here; (7.¢. in the Sambaloes) and in the South Seas: 
 On the Mexican Continent. 
 
 The Sloth isa four-footed, haity, fad-coloured. Ani- 
 jomewhat lefs than the Ant-Bear,& not fo rough: 
 lead is round, its Eyes fmall, it has a {hort 
 ,and very fharp Teeth; fhort Legs, but extraor: 
 dinary long {harp Claws. This Creature feeds on 
 Leaves, whether indifferently of all forts; or only ent 
 Ine particular kinds, I know not. . They are very 
 Chievotis to the Trees -wheré they come; and 
 o flow in motion, that when they have eaten all 
 eaves On one Tree, before they can get down 
 m that and climb another; and {éttle themfeélves 
 their frefh Banquet (which takes them up 5 or 
 ays, though the Trees tiand near:) They are no- 
 but skin and bones, altho’ they came down 
 p and fat from the laft Tree. They never de- 
 nd till they have ftript every Limb.and Bough, 
 imade them as bare as Winter. It takes them up: 
 9 Minutes to move one of their feet 3 Inches 
 ard; and they move all their four feet one af: 
 nother, at the fame flow Rate; neither will 
 ipes make them, mend their pace; which I have 
 €d to do, by whipping them ; but they feem in- 
 ible, and can neither be frighted, or provoked 
 Oye falter, =): 10.0: age LE SOORER ES 
 he Armadillo ({0 called from its Suit of Armoury 
 ‘ite a {mall tucking Pig: the body of it pretty 
 This Creature is incloied in a thick cape 
 s . ko 
 
 ckwards continually , when they comé to the An. 1676. 
 mgue, make a {top; and in two or three Minutes bsg 
 
 icy fmell very firong of Ants, and tafte much- 
 
 
 
62 — ——- Tigre-Gat. . 
 
 An. 1676. which guards all its back, and comes down on both} 
 WY fides, and meets under the belly, leaving room for 
 the four Legs; the Head is fimall, with a Nofe like 
 a. Pig, a pretty long Neck, and can put out its Head) ! 
 before its Body when it walks; but on any d 
 fhe puts itin under the fhell, and drawing in 
 Feet, the lies ftock ftill like a Land-Turtle : 
 though you tof her about, yet fhe will not 
 her felf The Shell is joynted in the middle 
 back ; fo that fhe can turn the fore-part of her 
 about which way fhe pleafes. The Feet are I 
 thofe of a Land-Turtle, and it has ftrong Cla 
 wherewith it digs holes in the ground like a Comp] | 
 The flefh is very fweet, and tafts much like a Lant 
 Turtle. ? P| 
 The Porcupin being a Creature well known, : 
 pafs it in filence. = 
 The Beafts of Prey that are bred in this County, 
 are Tigre-Cats, and (as is reported by our Mei) 
 Lions. The Tigre-Cat is about the bignefS of a Bulk 
 Dog, with fhort Legs, and a truf$ Body.fhaped mi 
 like a Maftiff, but in all things elfe. (viz. its He 
 the colour of its Hair, and the manner of its Preyimg, 
 much refembling the Tigre, only fomewhat Ie 
 Here are great numbers of them: They prey 
 young Calves or other Game ; whereof here is plir 
 ty: And becaufe they do not want Food, they ai 
 the lef$ to be feared. But I have wifht them fardl 
 off, when I have met them in the Woods; becaill 
 their Afpet appears fo very ftately and fierce. I 
 ver did fee any Lion in this Country ; but | 
 been informed by two or three perfons that they aid 
 fee Lions here: But I amaffured, that they ared 
 numerous. : a 
 Here ate a great many poifonous Creatures” 
 this Country ; more particularly Snakes, of dives 
 forts, fome yellow, fome green, and others of a @ 
 Colour, with black and yellowith fpots, The 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 if Hage Suakes. | 63 
 ‘Snake is cottimonly as big as the fmall of a Man’s 4p, 1676. 
 ‘Leg; and 6 or 7 feven foot long. Thefé are a lazy MY 
 fort of Creatures, for they lye ftill and prey on 
 Lizards, Guanoes, or other fmall Animals that come 
 
 ‘in their way. 
 
 _ It is reported, That fometimes they lurk in Trees; 
 
 md that they are fo mighty in ftrength, as to hold ° 
 
 | Bullock fait by one of his Horns, when they hap- 
 
 en to come fo near as that fhe can twift her felf 
 
 ibout the Limb of the Tree and the Horn at once. 
 
 thefe are accounted very good Meat by fome, and 
 
 ie eaten frequently : 1 my felf have tryed it for cu- 
 
 jofity, but cannot commend it. [have heard fome 
 
 y-men report, that they have feen fome of this 
 
 d here as big as an ordinary Man’s Waft ; but I 
 
 er {aw any fuch. 
 
 The green Snakes are no bigger aboht than a 
 
 an’s Thumb, yet 4 or 5 foot long: The Backs are 
 
 be bit by one before I faw it: For I was going to 
 fake hold of a Bird that fluttered and cryed out juft 
 by me, yet did not fly away, neither could I ima- 
 the reafon, till reaching out my hand, I per- 
 ved the head of a Snake clofé by it, and looking 
 re narrowly, I faw the upper part of the Snake, 
 about two or three Inches from his head, twifted 
 about the poor Bird. 
 » What they feed on befides Birds I know not, but 
 they are faid to be very venemous. 
 _ The dun coloured Snake is a little bigger than the 
 en Snake, but not above a foot and ahalfor two 
 ot long; thefe we {fhould often fee in and about our 
 ts; but. did not kill them, becaufe they de- 
 oyed the Mice, and are very nimble in chacing 
 ofe Creatures. Befides Snakes, here are Penny 
 an 
 
"de 1696. 
 
 FM oe rae 
 
 yéport they will expel that pain, tho’ | cannot ja 
 
 vase 
 
 bite is moft painful ; for their Sting is. like 
 
 faid to be very poifonous., . .; 
 
 / ing. . Thefe Teeth, we often. preferve. Some we 
 
 veral ford, vig. gteat, fmall, black, ‘yellow, Fe. 
 
 Keg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lap Spider. Anis, >. 
 and Centapes i in abundance. Here are alfo Galliwaft ps. | | 
 Thefé are Creatures fomewhat refembling Lizards] ' 
 but larger; their bodies about the thicknefs of @ 
 Man’s Arm, having four {hort Legs, and {mall fhort| 
 Tails; their colour a dark brown. Thefé Creatures} 
 live in old hollow Trunks of Trees, and . ate]: 
 commonly found in wet {wampy sround, and 4 
 
 Here are alfo.a fort of, Spiders of a roca | 
 fize,fome néar as big as.a Man’s Fift, eae ong img 
 Legs like the Spiders in England : they have 
 Teeth, or rather Horns an Inch and a half, or t 
 Inches long, and of a propottionable bignels, whic 
 are black. as Jett, fmooth as Glafs, and their. {mall 
 end fharp as a Thoén ; ; they are not ftrait,but bende 
 
 them in their, Tobacco-pouches to pick their Pipe 
 Others preferve them for Tooth-Pickers, efpecia ! 
 fuch as were troubled with the Tooth ach ; ; for G 
 
 ftifie it of my own knowledge. The backs. of thél 
 Spiders are covered with a dark yellowifh Down, ¢ 
 
 oft as Velvet. Some fay. thefe Spiders are ven 
 ero others not, whether is true I cannot dete 
 
 "Tio this Country be fo often over- flown wi 
 ater..; yet it {warms with Ants, of 1 
 
 great black Ant {tings or bites almoft as bad as. 
 Scorpion ; and next to this the {mall yellow 
 
 i> 
 
 {park of fire; and they are {0 thick among @ 
 boughs in fomé places, that one fhall be covert 
 with them before he isaware. Thefe Creature 
 have Nelts on great Trees placed on the body & 
 tween the’ Limbs : fome of their Nefis are as big é 
 a -Hogfhead ; this is their Winter Habitation, ford 
 the wet Seafon they all yepait to thefe their et 
 
Rambling Anis. Hamming Birds) 
 
 
 
 “ete they preférve their Eges. pets ate aS An. 1676. 
 
 eft-Indies mynd 
 for feeding their Chickens,as Great Oat-meal with us _ 
 
 -tmuch efteemed by the Planters in the 
 ‘in Exgland. \n the dry Seaion when they leave their 
 _Nefts, they fwarm over all the Woodland ; for they 
 “never trouble the Savannahs: You may then fee 
 great Paths made by them in the Woods of three of 
 four Inches broad beaten as plaih as the Roads in 
 England. They go out light, but bring home 
 heavy Loads on theit backs, all of the fame fub- 
 fiance, and equal in bignefS: I never obferved any 
 thing befides pieces of green Leaves, fo big that I 
 ould fcarce fee the Infet for his Burthen; yet they 
 would march ftoutly, and fo many ftill preffmg after, 
 that it was a very pretty fight, for the Path look¢ 
 | ay green with them. There was one fort of 
 Ants of a black Colour, pretty large;with long Legs, 
 _thefe would march in Troops, as if they were bufie 
 in feeking fomewhat ; they were always in haft, and 
 followed their Leaders exattly let them go whither 
 hey would, thefe had no beaten. Paths to walk in, 
 rambled about like Hunters: Sometimes a Band 
 hefe Ants would happen to march through our 
 s, over our Beds, or into our Pavilions, hay, 
 etimes into our Chefts; and there ranfack every 
 ; and where-ever the foremoft went, the teft all 
 e after : We never difturbed them, but gave them 
 tee liberty to fearcht where they pleafed, and they 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 were fo great,that they would be two or three hours 
 i pafiing by, though they went very faft. : 
 The Fowls of this Country are Humming Birds, 
 Black Birds, Turtle Doves, Pigeons, Parrots, Para- 
 s, Quames, Correfoes, Turkies, Carrion Crows, 
 le Jacks, Bill Birds, Cockrecoes, &%c. The Hum- 
 Bird is a pretty little feather’d Creature, no 
 than a great over-grown Walp, with a black 
 no bigger than a 5 epee and his Legs tr 
 i | € cet 
 
 Would all march off before night. Thefe Companies - 
 
 65° 
 
 es 
 a 
 

 
 66 
 
 An.1676. Feet in pfoportion to his body. This Creature a 
 “V~™ not wave his Wings like other Birds when it. Ries| 
 
 Doves. The white breafts are the biggelt ; they 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pigeons. Cates \ al 
 
 but keeps them in a continued quick motion Tike 
 Bees or other Infe&s, and like them makes a con 
 tinual humming Noifé asit flies. It is very qt 
 in motion, and haunts about Flowers and Fruit 
 a Bee gathering Hony, making many near addigy 7 
 ‘to its delightful Objetts, by vifiting them on dl 
 fides, and yet {till keeps in motion, fometimes on on . 
 fide, "fometime on the other, as ‘often rebound a) 
 a foot or two back on a fudden, and as quickly i} 
 turns again , keeping thus about one Floy 
 five or fix minutes, or more., There. are two) 
 three forts of them, fome bigger than others, but. 
 very imall, neither are they coloured — alike 3 the 
 largeft are ‘ofa blackifh colour. ry 
 
 The Black Bird is fomewhat bigger than ours im 
 England; it hasa longer Tail,but like them in Go} 
 lour : They are fometimes called Chattering Ce 
 becaufe they chatter like a Magpy. 
 
 There are three forts of Turtle Doves (viz.) whi i 
 breafted Doves, dun coloured Doves, and grou] 
 
 J 
 i 
 all 
 
 || 
 
 of a blewifh grey Colour with ,white breafts 5 n 
 are fine, round and plump, and almoft as big a 
 Pigeon. The next fort are all over of a dun, td 
 than the former, and not fo round. The sround Do 
 much bigger than a Sky-Lark, ofa dull grey, ve 
 round and plump, and commonly run in pairs 
 the ground, and probably thence have their nat 
 The other two forts flie in pairs, and feed on Berti 
 which they commonly gather themfelves from 4 
 Trees where they grows and all three forts are vj 
 good Meat. — 
 
 Pigeons are not very common here; they are | 
 than our Wood Quefts, and as good food. 
 
 The Quam is as big as an ordinary Hen Turke 
 of a blackifh dun Colour; its Bill like a Tutkey 
 

 
 Correfos; Carrion Crows. 67 
 it flies about among the Woods ; feeds on Berries, 47. 1676. 
 Ys 
 
 and is very good: meat 
 ». The Correfo is a larger Fowl than the Quam : The 
 ‘Cock is black, the: Hen is of a dark browni The 
 “Cock has a Crown of black Feathers on his Head, 
 “and appears very ftately. Thefe’ live alfo on Betries, 
 — are very good toeat; but their Bones are faid 
 “to be poifonous ; therefore we do either burn or bu- 
 ty them, or throw them into the Water for fear our 
 Dogs fhould. eat: them. 
 
 i Eomten Crows are blackifh Fowls, about the big- 
 nefs of Ravens; they have bald Heads, and tedifh 
 ald Necks like Turkeys; and therefore by Strangers 
 ‘that come newly ftom Europe, are often miftaken 
 for fuch. Thefe live wholly on flefh, (and are there- 
 we called Carrion Crows:) There are great num: 
 ets of them; They are heavy, dull Creatures,and by 
 ir peatching long at one place they feem to be 
 y lazy: yet they are quick enough to find out 
 it Prey ; for when we hunt in the Woods or Sa- 
 nahs, as foon as we have killed a Beait, they will 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ty 
 
 eis than an hours time there will be two or three 
 undred, though at firft there was not one to be feen. 
 ve fometimes admired from) whence fo many 
 ame fo fuddenly ; for' we never fee above two or 
 iree at a place, before they come’to feaft on a Car: 
 8. 
 
 ome of the Catrion Crows are all ‘over whit2, 
 their Feathets look as if they were fullied : They 
 e bald Heads and Necks like the refts they are 
 he fame bignefs and make; without any difte- 
 e but in Colour ; and we never fee above one or 
 ) of thefé white ones at a time; and ’tis feldom 
 lo that we {ee a great number of the black ones, 
 we fee one white one amongft them. | 
 
 . The Logwood-Cutters call the white ones King 
 tion Crows, :and fay; that they are much bigger 
 | Be 2 than 
 
 
 
 mmediately flock about us ftom all parts, and in 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 68 
 An. 1676. 
 
 _ {pread fartheft out from the body; and the veryer 
 
 black ones, their Companions, fo unmannerly as to 
 - let them eat without company: They are very ¥ 
 
 (eee ye ie | ee ewe en ee LAO ee SE REE Tacos TOG eS, nate 
 
 Subtle Facks. 
 
 than the others; and that when a great numbe 
 affembled about a Carkafs, if a King Carrion 
 
 be among them, he falls on firft, and non 
 the others will taft the leaft Morfel, till he has filled 
 his belly and is withdrawn; nay, that they will fit 
 pearching on the Trees about him,without approag q 
 ing the Carkaf&, till he flies away ; and then in’ : 
 inttant they fall on all together. I have feen | 
 the King Carrion Crows, but could not perceive 
 them to be bigger than the reft; neither were fhe 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 racious, and will difpatch a CarkafS in a trice: For 
 that reafon the Spaniards never Kill them, but. fitt 
 any one that fhall: AndI think there is alfo an A@ 
 in Famaica that prohibits their deftru€tion; and the 
 Logwood-Cutters, tho’ under no fich obligation, yet 
 are fo zealoufly faperftitious, that none will hit 
 them for fear of receiving fome damage af ; 
 wards. | - 
 Subtle Jacks are Birds as big as Pigeons ; they ate 
 mottly blackifh, the tips of their Wing Feathers ae 
 yellowifh, as are alfo their Bills. They have ape 
 culiar and wonderful cunning way. of building dif 
 ferent from any others: Their Nefts hang dow 
 from the boughs of lofty Trees, whofe bodies ate 
 clean without limbs for a confiderable height : The 
 branches to which they faften them, are thofe th 
 
 tremities of thofe boughs are only ufed by them. D 
 Trees that grow fingle by themfelves at fome I 
 {tance from others, they build clear round : but j 
 they joyn to others, they make choice of fuch 
 
 as are bordering upon. a Savannah, Pond or C 
 and hang down their Nefts from tho limbs 1 
 ipread over thofe Savannahs, €9’c. negleSting fuch a 
 are near other Trees: Their Nefts hang down two 
 or three fcot from the twigs to which ” 
 
 “ 
 
Za Bill-Birds. Whiftling Ducks. 69 
 
 _ faftned, and look juft like Cabbage-Nets ftuft with 4n. 167é. 
 
 _ Hey. The Thread that faftens the Neft to the twig “VW 
 
 _ is made of long Graf (as is alfo the Neft it felf) ; 
 
 - very ingenioufly twifted together : It is but fmalk at 
 
 the twig; but near the Neft grows thicker. The 
 
 Neft has a hole in the fide for the Bird to enter at, 
 
 and °tis very pretty to fee twenty or thirty of them 
 
 _ hanging round a Tree. They are called by the 
 
 _ Englith Szbtle Facks, becaufe-of this uncommon way 
 
 of building. : 
 
 _ There are two or three forts of Bill-Birds, fo 
 ‘called by the Englifh, becaufe their Bills are almoft 
 
 as big as themfelves. The largeft 1 ever faw are 
 about the fize of Englifh Wood-peckers, and much 
 
 like them: “There are others of a fmaller fort; 
 
 but they are not often met with, and I never faw 
 
 _ fany of them. ? 
 
 __ Cockrecoes are fhort winged Birds, coloured like 
 
 ~ Partridges, but fomewhat leffer ; neither are they {0 
 plump and round. They have long Legs, delight. 
 
 ing to run on the Ground among Woods, in fwam- 
 
 py Places or near Creeks. They make a loud 
 
 _ Noifé Mornings and Evenings, and Anfwer one ano- 
 
 a very prettily ; and they are extraordinary {weet 
 
 _ Meat. | 
 
 + The Water-Fowls are Duck and Mallard ; Cur- 
 
 _ Tews, Herons, Crabcatchers, Pelicans, Cormorants, 
 
 _ Fithing-Hawks, Men-of-War-Birds, Boobies, &c. 
 
 _~ There are three’ forts of Ducks, viz. The Mut 
  covy, the Whiftling and the Common Duck. = Mauf- 
 
 —covy Ducks are lefs than ours, but otherwife exattly 
 alike. They pearch on old dry Trees, or fuch as 
 
 have no Leaves on them, and feldom light on the 
 Ground but to feed. Whiftling Ducks are fome- 
 what lefs than our Common Duck, _ but not differ- 
 
 _ ing from them in fhape or Colour : In flying, their 
 Wings make a pretty fort of loud whiftling Noife. 
 
 Thee alfo pearch on Trees as the former. “The 
 Se E 3 other 
 
 
 
 wa Cohivar = eae 
 
 
 
FO 
 An, 1676. 
 
 _Where they may look about them. They “feem 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Curlews. ‘Pelicans, % 
 other fort are like our Common Ducks, both ip 
 bignefsand colour, and I have never obferved the n 
 to pitch upon Trees. All three forts are very good 
 ‘Meat. Beit an , Fb isey | 
 Here are two forts of Curlews different in bignelg 
 and colour; the greater are as big as Turkeys, wit 
 long Legs and long crooked Bills, like. a Snipe 
 in length and bignets.proportionable to. the Bulk ¢ 
 their Bodies: They are of a dark colour ; theif 
 Wings black and white ; their Flefh black but very 
 fweet and wholefom: They are call’ by the Englifi’ 
 couble Curlews, becaufe they are twice as big as the 
 ether fort. 2541 | . 4 
 
 The fmall Curlews are of a dusky. brown, with 
 long Legs and Bills like the former: their Flethis 
 moit efteemed as being the fweeteft.... - - 
 
 iierons are like ours in England in bignefS, {hape 
 atid colour. . , 2 s05oT te 
 
 Crabcatchers are fhaped and coloured like Heror 
 but they are fmaller :, Phey feed on {mall Crabs a 
 bigger than ones Thumb, of which;there is gregi 
 plenty. . | yin ae a 
 
 Pelicans are large flat-footed Fowls, almo 
 as big as Geefe, and. their Feathers in colour lik 
 them : They have fhort Legs, long Necks, and theif 
 bills are about two Inches broad and, 17 or 18 long; 
 the iore-part of their Necks or Breafts. is bare, and 
 covered with a foft;{mooth, yet loofe Skin, like that 
 about the Necks of Turkies:. This Skin is of the 
 colour of their Feathers mixt with a dark and ligh 
 grey, {0 exactly interwoven that it appears very 
 oeautiful. They are a very heavy Bird, and feldom 
 fly iar, or very high from the Water: They com } 
 monly fit on Rocks at fome diftance trom the {hore, 
 
 be very melancholly Fowls, by their perching alt 
 alone’: They fit as if they were fleeping, holding 
 tneir feads upright, and refting the ends of thei 
 

 
 ie Gormorants. Parvicootas: 74 
 Bills on their Breafts; they are better Meat than An. 1676- 
 _ Boobies or Men-of-War-Birds. aa) 
 Cormorants aré juft like young Ducks in fhape, 
 
 having fuch Feet and Bills; They are black with 
 
 white Breafts, and live on fmall Filh which they 
 
 - take near the fhore,.or on Worms which they get 
 
 out of the Mud at low Water. They tafte very 
 
 fifhy, yet are indifferent good Meat, they being 
 
 ie fat 
 ifhing Hawks are like our fmalleft fort of Hawks 
 in colour and fhape, with fuch Bills and Talons: 
 They pearch upon ftumps of Trees or dry Limbs 
 ‘that hang over the Water about Creeks, Rivers or 
 - againft the Sea: and upon fight of any fmall Fith 
 near them, they skim along juft over them, and 
 _fnatching up the prey withtheir Talons , pre- 
  fently rife again without touching the VVater with 
 their Wings. They don’t {wallow the Fifh whole 
 as allother , fifhing Fowls, that ever | faw do, but - 
 tear it with their Bills and eat it Piece-Meal. 
 _ The Lagunes, Creeks and Rivers are plentifully 
 ‘ftored with great variety of Fifh (viz. Mullets,. 
 Snooks, Tenpounders , Tarpoms, Cavallies, Parri- 
  cootas , Garr-fifh, Stingrays, Spanifh Mackril , 
 ‘with many others. Ch 
 Tenpounders are fhaped like Mullets, but are fo 
 full of very fmall ftiff Bones, intermixt with the 
 Flefh, that youcan hardly eat them. 
 _. Parricootas are-long Fifh, with round Bodies 
 like Mackril: They have very long Mouths and 
 ‘fharp Teeth ; they are about 3 or 10. Inches round, 
 and three Foot and halflong. They commonly 
 haunt in Lagunes among Iflands, or in the Sea near 
 the fhore. They are a floating Fifh, and greedily 
 take the Hook, and» will {nap at Men too in the 
 Water. We commonly take them when we are 
 under fail, with a Hook towing after our Stern. 
 _ They are firm well-tafted Fifth ; but ’tis dangerous 
 ri , ae a eating 
 
 se ies 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7% Gar-fifb. . pte 4 
 - fn.1676. €ating them, for fome Men have been poifoned with 
 ery them. i 
 “out Divers Perfons are of Opinion that — the 
 _ Creatures are poyfonous in fome Places only, ar 
 that but at fome times of the Year. I know th 
 in many Parts of the Weft-Indies, fome hay 
 | been injured by eating them, and that at diffete 
 7 eafons of the Year; therefore Seamen commonl 
 tafte the Liver before they venture any furthel 
 and if that has a biting tafte like Pepper, the 
 efteem the fifth unwholiom, but if not, they a 
 it: and yet I have found even this Rule fail too 
 I judge the Head and the Parts near it, tole 
 chiefly venomous. | 
 Garrfilh are round, but neither fo big nor loag 
 as the former ; but what is more peculiar, 
 have long bony Snouts, like the Sword-fith, onl 
 as the Sword-tifhes Snout is fat, and indented lik 
 a Saw on each fide; fo on the contrary thefe hart 
 their Snouts likea fpear, round, fmooth and fham 
 at the end, and abouta ‘foot long. Thefearea for 
 _ of floaty or Flying Fifh : for they skip along a Foot 
 or two above the Water, for the length of twent 
 qr thirty Yards: then they juft touch the edge ¢ 
 the Water, and {pring forward fo much farthes 
 and then touch the Water, and {pring forward agai, 
 a great many times before they ceafe.They dart them 
 {elves with fuch a force, that they ftrike their Snott 
 through the fides of a Cotton-Tree Canoa ; and we 
 often fear that they will ftrike quite through out 
 as Bodies. ——- They are extraordinary fweet 
 1 i 
 
 Spanifh Mackril are in fhape and colour like 
 our Mackril, but larger: They are three Foot of 
 three and half long, and nine or ten Inches about 
 
 — and they alfo are generally efteeemed very excel 
 lent Fith, | ho OM wattle: fs: gal 
 
 
 

 
 Ray. Turtle. Manatee. 
 
 - The Ray isa flat Fifth , like Skate, and I have 4, 
 
 feen three’ forts of them; wz. the Stingray, thewwry 
 
  Rafpray and the Whipray. ‘The Stingray and Rafp- 
 “Yay are much alike in fhape; but the former has 
 three or four ftrong fharp Prickles, near two 
 Inches long, at the Root of its Tail, which are 
 faid to be very venomous, but the reft of his 
 _ Skin is fmooth. The Rafpray has a rough knotty 
 Skin wherewith Rafps are made: the Skins of the 
  dargeft are fo rough, that the Spaniards in fome 
 Places grate their Caflavy with them, which 
 isa kootvery common all over the Weft Indies; and 
 of which the Spaniards and Englifh frequently make 
 their Bread ; but the faireft Skins are ufed{to cover 
 - Surgeons Inftrument Cafes, and other uch fine 
 Things; but of late they are counterfeited. | 
 have teen told that in Turkey Affles Skins are 
 ftamped with fmall hard Seeds, which gives them 
 _ Impreffions like Rafpray. 
 _ The Whipray differs from the other two forts, 
 having a imall, but longer Tail, and ending with 
 _akKnob, fhaped like a Harpoon. All thefe three 
 dorts are much atout a Foot and half broad. There 
 is yet another fort of thefe fiat Fifh of the Whipray 
 kind, but of a prodigious bignefs ; wiz. three 
 or four Yards fquare , and their Tails as long: 
 thefe we call Sea-Devils; they are very flrong Fifh, 
 and are fometimes Gamefom ; but they make ancdd 
 ‘Figure when they leap out of the Water, twm- 
 bling overandover, 
 __. Neither are Turtle and Manatee wanting in*this 
 Lagune. Here are fome Hawks-bill-Turtle, but the 
 green Turtle is moft plentiful. They are of a 
 middle fize ; yet. here was once a very large one 
 taken, as | have mentioned in my Voyages round 
 the World. PUL RANE 214 
 Here are abundance of Manatee, which are both 
 large and fweet.. x feiengh 
 an Alligators 
 
 
 
 
 ein) 
 

 
 _— nee ” Sa ee LR ort) ~ ee ee ie =: Se — ea 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 74. Alligators. 4 
 An. 1676. — Alligators are alfo in great numbers in all the 
 yw Crecks, Rivers and Lagunes in the Bay of Com 
 
 peachy, and I think that no part of the Univerfejs 
 better ftock’d with them. e 
 The Alligator is a Creature fo well known every 
 where, that Ifhould not defcribe it, were it notte 
 give an Account of the difference between it an 
 the Crocodile ; for they refemble each other 
 neatly in their fhape and bulk, as alfo in thet 
 - Natures, that the yare generally miftaken for the fame 
 | Species ; only the one fuppofed to be the Male, the 
 other the Female: Whether they are fo or not, the 
 ‘World may judge by the following Obférvations, 
 As to their bulk and length, I never faw any @ 
 large as fome I have heard and tead of 5 but accor 
 ding to my beft Judgment, though I have fear 
 Thoufands, I never met with any above fixteen oF 
 feventeen Foot long, and as thick as a’ large Colt 
 He is fhaped like a Lizard, of a dark-brown colouf, 
 with a large head and very long Jaws, with great 
 fltong Teeth , efpecially two of a Remarkable 
 Length, that grow out of, and at the: very end of 
 the under Jaw in the fmalleft part, on each fide ong, 
 there ate two holes in the upper Jaw to receive thele, 
 otherways he could not fhut his Mouth. It has4 
 fhort Legsand Broad Claws, with along Tail. The 
 Head,: Back and Tail is fenced with pretty hail 
 Scales, joyned together: with a very» thick tough 
 Skin: Over its Eyes there are two hard {cally Knobs, 
 as big asa Mans Fift, and fromthe Head to the Tail, 
 along the Ridge of shis Back. °tis «full. of fuch 
 knotty hard Scales} not: like Fith-Scales, which até 
 doofé,» but fo united to the Skin, that it is alloné 
 with it, and can’t be taken afunder,: but. with a {harp 
 Knife. From the:Ridge of theBack down on the 
 Ribs towards the Belly,(which isof a dusky ye 
 colour like a Frog) there are many of thefe Sca 
 but not {0 fubftantial nor fo thick placed asthe o 
 
 
 
 
 
y The Cocodrile and Alligator differ. 75 
 
 Thefe Scales are no hindrance to. him in turning ; An. 1676. 
 for. he will turn very quick, confidering his mw No 
 length. When he goes on Land his Tail drags on the 
 Ground. vi} peer 
 _ The Flefh finells. very ftrong of Musk , efpecially 
 four Kernels or Cods that are always found about 
 them, two of which grow in. the Groin, near each 
 Thigh , the other two at the Breaft, one under each 
 foreLeg, and. about the bignefS of a Pullets Ege, 
 erefore when we. kill an Alligator, we take out 
 thefe, and having dried them wear, them in our 
 dats for a perfume. The Flefh is feldom eaten 
 ee in café of Neeeflity, becaule of its ftrong 
 ‘Tent. ) 7 
 . Now the Crocodile hath none of thefe Kernels, 
 neither doth his Flefh tafte at all Musky, therefore 
 eftcemed better Food. He is: of a yellow colour; 
 neither hath he fuch long Teeth in his under Jaw. 
 The Crocodile’s Legs alfo are longer, and when it 
 tuns on Land, it bears its Tail above the Ground, and 
 turns up the tip of it ina round bow, and the Knots 
 On the back are much thicker, higher and firmer 
 than thofe of the Alligator : And differ alfo-as. to 
 the Places where they are found. For in fome Parts, 
 as here in the Bay of Campeachy, are abundance of 
 Alligators, where yet I never faw nor heard. of any 
 Crocodiles. At the Ifle Grand Caymanes, there. are 
 Crocodiles, but no Alligators. .At Piwes by-Cuba, 
 there are abundance of Crocodiles, but I cannot fay 
 there are no Alligators, tho’ I never faw any there. 
 Both Kinds are called Caymanes by the Spaniards ; 
 therefore probably they may. reckon them for the 
 me. AndI know of no other difference, for they 
 both lay Eggs alike, which are not diftinguifhableto 
 the Eye: They are as big as. a Goofe-Egg, but mich 
 longer, and good Meat ; yet the Alligators Eggs tafte 
 very musky: They prey both alike in either ace: 
 Zz : Or 
 
 
 
ee ee eee ee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 76 Dogs and Alligators. : 
 An.1676. for they love Flefh as well as Fifh, and will livei 
 “YW eitherfrefh or falt Water. Befide, thefe Creatur 
 
 i Know none that can live any where, or upon an 
 fort of Food, like them. °*Tis reported, that the 
 love Dogs Flefh better than any other Flefh what 
 foever. Thris have feen with my own Eyes, that 
 our Dogs were {fo much afraid of them, that 
 they would not very willingly drink at any great 
 River or Creek where thofe Creatures might lutk 
 and hide themfelves, unlefs they were ( through 
 Neceflity ) conftrained to it ; and then they would 
 ftand five or fix’ Foot from the brink ‘of the 
 Creek og River, and bark a confiderable tim 
 before they would Adventure nearer , and then 
 even at the fight of their own Shadows in the 
 Water , they would again retire to the Plage 
 from whence they came, and bark vehementlya 
 long time; fo that in the dry Seafon, w ie 
 there was no ftefh Water but in Ponds aft 
 Creeks, we ufed to fetch it our {elves and git 
 it our Dogs; and many times in our Hunting, 
 when we came to a-large Creek that we wel 
 to pafS through, our Dogs would not follow us; 
 fo ‘that we often took them in our Arms, aid 
 catried them over. MA ME : 
 
 " Befides the fore-mentioned difference between tht 
 
 
 
2 ee Ee ee Ne CD Se Bae ee ls 
 
 en) 
 
 
 
 : Alligators Biting, | q7. 
 Inthe very height of the dry time feven or eight An. 1676. 
 /Men (Englifh and Irifh) went to a Place called WJ 
 Pies Pond, on Beef-Ifand, to hunt. ThisPond was 
 ~never dry, fo that the Cattle drew hither in fwarms, 
 but after two or three days hunting they were fhy , 
 and would not come to the Pond till Night, and 
 then if an Army of Men had lain to oppofe them, 
 they would not have beendebarr’d of Water. The 
 Hunters, knowing their Cuftom, lay ftill all Day, 
 and in the Night vifited this Pond, and killed as - 
 many Beefs as they could: This Trade they had 
 driven a Week, and made great profit. At length 
 an Irifh-man going to the Pond in the Night, 
 ftumbled over an Alligator that lay in the Path : 
 _ The Alligator feized him by the Knee; at which the 
 Man cries out, He/p! help! His Conforts not know- 
 ing what the matter was, ranall away from their 
 Huts, fuppofing that he was fallen into the clutches 
 of fome Spaniards, of whom they were aftaid 
 every dry Seafon. But poor Damiel not finding 
 afy afiiftance , waited till the Beaft opened his 
 Jaw to take better hold, becaufé it is ufual for 
 the Alligator todo fo, and then fnatch’d away 
 his Knee, and flipt the Butend of his Gun in 
 _ the room of it, which the Alligator griped fo hard, 
 that he pull’d it out of his Hand and fo went away. 
 The Man being near a fmall Tree, climb’d up out 
 _of his reach ,; and then cryed out to his Conforts 
 to come and affift him; who being {till within 
 Call, and watching to hear the Iffue of the Ala- 
 tum , made hafte to him with Fire-brands in 
 their Hands, and brought him away in their 
 _ Arms to his Hut ; for he was in a deplora- 
 ble condition, and not able to ftand on his 
 Feet, his Knee was fo torn with the Alligators 
 Teeth. | 
 His Gun was found the next day ten or twelve 
 - Paces from the Place where he was feized, with 
 two 
 

 
 
 
 76. two large Holes made in the Butendof it, on 
 vw on each fide, near an Inch deep; for I faw the 
 
 _ to be cured, in a Ship belonging to Bofton , 
 
 je Ree ey Vers) peel ek ee SN Ce pe Lee Ee AT eT Te \ en Spee ae a ae A 1 on 
 
 Alligators. ‘it 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gun afterwards. This fpoiled their fport for; 
 time, they being forc’d to catry the Man to the 
 Ifland Ivf, where their Ships were, which was 
 fix or feven Leagues diftant. . 
 
 This lrifhman went afterwards to New-Engla 
 
 nine or ten Months after returned to the Bay agai 
 being recovered of his wound, but went limping 
 ever after. a 
 This was all the mifchief that ever I heard Wi; 
 done, in the Bay of Campeachy, by the Creatures 
 cal?d Alligators. | ike . 
 

 
 
 
 C:H Ate IL 
 
 Ma | 
 
  Logwood Mens way of Lrving. Their Hunting 
 for Beefs inGanoas. Alligators, The Author's 
 fetling with Logwood-Men. He is lost in 
 Hunting. Captain Hall and bis Mens difafter. 
 The way of preferving Bullocks Hides. Two 
 hairy Worms growing in the Author's Leg. 
 Dangerous Leg-worms in the Weft Indies. 
 The <Anthor firangely cured of one. A violent 
 Storm. A Defeription of Beef-ifland: Its 
 Fruits and Animals. The Spaniards way of 
 hockfing Gattle. Their cave of preferving thetr 
 Cattle. The wafteful deftruétion made of 
 them by the Englifh and French Privateers. 
 The Author's narrow Efcape from an Alliga- 
 
 tor. 
 
 habit the Creeks of the Eaft and Weft 
 
 7 Lagunes , in fmall Companies, building 
 their Huts clofe by the Creeks fides for the 
 
 " ‘benefit of the Sea-Breezes, as near the Logwood 
 Groves as they can, removing often to be neartheir 
  BufinefS: Yet when they are fettled in a good open 
 Place, they chufe ratherto gohalf a Mile in their 
 Canoas to Work, than lofe that convenience. Tho’ 
 they build their Huts but flightly, yet they take care 
 _ tothatch them very well with Palm or Palmeto 
 Leaves, to prevent the Rains, which are there very 
 - violent from foaking in. 
 
 : TT Logwood-Cutters (as I faid before) in- 
 
 Fort 
 

 
 $6 
 ‘An. 1676. if 
 ey wooden Frame 3 Footand half above Ground on 
 
 very well about it: For they are contented to la 
 
 Time and Money. If the Commanders of thef 
 
 a Logwood-Gutteri. : a 
 For their Bedding they raife a Barbicue, of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 one fide of the Houfe; and ftick up four Stakes, at 
 each corner one, to faften their Pavillions ; ont 
 of which hereisno fleeping for Muskitoes) 
 Another Frame they raife covered with Earth for 
 a Hearth to drefS their Viétuals : And a third to fit” 
 at, when they eat it. . a 
 During the wet Seafon, the Land where the 
 Logwood.grows is fo over-flow’d,that they ftep from 
 their Beds into the Water perhaps two Foot deep, 
 and continue ftanding -in the Wet all Day, till they 
 vo to Bed again; but neverthelef$ account it the 
 beft Seafon in the Year for doing a good Days La 
 bour in. | ee 
 Some fell the Trees, others faw and cut them int 
 convenient Logs, and one chips off the Sap, and 
 he is commonly the principal Man; and whena 
 Tree is fo thick, that after it is log’d, it remains {til 
 too great a Burthen for one Man, we blow it up 
 with Gunpowder. ; 
 The Logwood-Cutters are generally fturdy ftrong 
 Fellows, and will carry Burthens of three or fou 
 hundred Weight ; but every Man is left to his choice 
 to carry what he pleafeth, and commonly they agree 
 
 9 
 
 bour yery hard. _ 
 
 But when Ships come from Jamaica with Rum 
 and Sugar, they are too apt to mif{pend both the 
 Ships are Free, and treat all that come the faft 
 Day with Punch, they will be much refpetted, and 
 every Man will pay honettly for what he drinks 
 
 nay, they will cheat them with hollow Wood fill’d 
 with dirt in the middle and both ends plug’d up 
 
‘Beef, Hunting. : 81 
 
 ‘witha piece of the fame drove in hard, and then 4x. 1676 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fawed off fo neatly, that it’s hard to find out the 
 deceit; but if any Man come to purchafe. with 
 Bills payable at Famaica, they will be fure to give 
 him the beft Wood. | 
 
 ' Infome Places, efpeciallyin the Weft, Creek of 
 the Weft Lagune, they go a Huntingevery Saturday 
 a provide themfelves with Beef. for the Week fol. 
 | LOWing. 
 
 _. The Cattle in this. Country. are large and fat in 
 Kebruary, March and April ,; At other times of the 
 Year they are flefhy, but not fat, yet fweet enough. 
 When they have kill’d a Beef, they cut it into fout 
 Quarters, and taking out all the Pt each Man 
 /makes a hole in the middle of his Quatter, » 
 )quit big enough for his Head to go through, then 
 'puts it on like a Frock and trudgeth home; and 
 “ifthe chances to tire, he cuts off fome of it, and 
 flings it away.)  Pecidia thant’ 
 «It is a Diverfion pleafant enough, - though not 
 without fome danger to huntin a Canoa ; for then » 
 “the Cattle having no other feeding . Places than the . 
 fides of the Savannahs, which are fomewhat higher 
 ‘Ground than the middle, they are forced {ometimes 
 ‘to fwim ; fo that we eafily come to {hoot them, 
 ‘when they are thus in the Water. 
 
 _ The Beaft, when fhe is fo hard purfned that fhe 
 ‘eannot efcape, turns about and comes full tilt at 
 ‘the Canoa, and ftriking her Head againift the Prow, 
 Atives her back 20 or30 Paces; then fhe {campers 
 ery again: But if fhe has received a wound, fhe 
 “commonly purfues us till fhe is knock’d down. Our 
 “Chiefeft care isto keep the Head of the Canoa to- 
 Wardsher; for if the fhould firike agaiaft the 
 broad fide, it would indanger over-ferting ir, and 
 confequently wetting our Arms and Ammunition. 
 
 May 
 
 “Befides, the Savannahs at this time fwarm with 
 
 “Alligators, and therefore are the more dangerous on 
 “that agcount. Ff Thelé 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 2 
 An. 11678.> 
 
 wYnN Rivers,’ and inhabit the Drownd-Savannahs to’ mee 
 
 ‘meet them; nay,they will flee fiom us): and : 
 
 the Logwood:Men, and of-fevetal eaienc eS 
 
 NERS Ce ee ET ee ee a i 
 * PPh Ee wm > ae 
 
 "lange 5‘ ’ 
 “OP here: Creatiires in’ ‘the Wet Seafon. forfake:i the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with. Purchafe, and‘no Flefh comes amifs to t a 
 ~~ whether alive or dead. Their chief Subfiftence the nis 
 on young Cattle,or fuch Carkafles as. we leave behind 
 us, which in the Dry Seafon feed the Catrion-Crows, 
 but now are a Prey to the Alligators: They : remain 
 here till the Water drains off from the Land; 
 and then confine themfelves to the Stagnant Pon nds; 
 and when they are Ys iia’ Rel away: ‘to fome 
 Creck or River. | 
 
 SCP RE Alligators i in this Bay's are ot ‘fo flerce ast 
 are reported to’ be in’ other Placesi; for neverka 
 them purfue any Man} although: wer do: fi uel 
 
 drank « out ‘of a Pond ia the dry time,' ail | 
 been ‘full of them, and the Water not deep enough 
 to cover their Backs, and the compais:of "the « Pont 
 fo fmall that 1 could get no Water, but «by ‘corm 
 within two Yards‘ of- the Alligators ‘Note, 5 ithe 
 lying. with their Heads towards’ mine>as Iwas dit 
 ing, and looking on me all the while. a t 
 Tever hear of’ any'bit in the Water by’ them): 
 probably fhould*a Man happen in ‘their ‘way, 4 7 2 
 would feize upon him, 
 
 ‘Laving thus given fome Defeription of the G 
 try, 1 fhall next give anAccount of my Living 1 
 
 happened during my-{ftay heres. ~~ 
 
 Tho’ Iwas a Stranger to-their Eaontboriea 
 tanner of Living, as being Known but to thofe 
 only of whom we bought ‘our Wood, inmy 7 
 ier Voyage hither ; yet that little Acquaii a : 
 then got, encouraged me to vifit them after! my 
 cond arrival‘here ;’ being in hopes to ftike 4 int 
 work with them. “There wete-‘fix’ in ‘Con p2 ny, 
 who had a‘ Hundred ‘Tuns'teady cut; log’diam 
 chip’ di but ‘not a to the Creeks fide, and Oe 
 
 “= 
 
' The Author entring upon the Log wood-Trade. 83 
  .expetted a Shipfrom New-England in a Month ot 41. 1676. 
 __.two to fetch itaway. : ie he SA 
 _., When I came thither they were beginning to bring 
 a it.to the Creek. And becaufe the Carriage is the 
 _ jhardeft Work, they hired me to help them at the 
 ; tate of aun of Wood per Month:promifing me that 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _More., 
 ~.,. This, Wood. lay all in the Circumference of 5 of 
 }600. Yards; and about 300 from the Creek fide, in 
 .the middle of .a very.thick Wood, unpaffable with 
 jBurthens., The frit thing wedid was to bring ic all 
 .to.one Place in the middle; and t:om thence we 
 Cut a very, large Path to earry it to the Creeks fide: 
 » ,We laboured hard at this Work 5 Days inthe Week ; 
 yand. on Satutdays wentinto the Savannahs and kill’d | 
 Bpieves” 423, no, ihe, i 
 » Whenwe,kill’d a Beef, if there weremore than 4 
 of us, the overplus went to feek frefh Game, whilft 
 the reft. drefs’d its 
 +, went out the firft Saturday, and complyed very 
 jwell with.my Mafters Orders, which was only to 
 help drive the.Cattle out of the Savannahs into the 
 "Woods, where two or three Men lay to {hoot them; 
 ad having killd our Game, we matched home 
 ith our.Burthens. The nextSaturday after, Lwent 
 ith:.a defign to killa Beef my felf thinking it 
 ore honour to try my own skill in Shooting,than only 
 to drive the Game for others to fhoot at.. We went 
 ~ mow to a-place cal?d the Upper Savannah, going 4 
 Ailes in our Canoas, and then Landing walk’d one 
 ile, through the Woods, before we came into the 
 avannah, and matched about 2 Miles in it, before 
 e.came up.with any Game. Herel gave my 
 Companions the flip, and wandred {fo far into the 
 oods that I Joft my felf; neither could I find the. 
 | : F £ 2 way 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Ore. oc?) A Sea DEL Ve i i TS 9 i es OT | Re i oe RE we ™ OU OO SR eae ee 
 
 84. The Author loft in the Woods. 
 An. 1676. Way into the open Savannah, but inftead of th: 
 wy ran diretly from it, through fmall Spots of 
 vannahs and Skirts of Woods. This was fometi 
 in May, and it was between tena Clock and o 
 when { began to find that I was (as we eali it, | 
 fappofe from the Spaniards) Moerooned, or Loft, and 
 ee out of the Hearing of my Comrades Gung 
 was fomewhat furprized at this ; but however , [ 
 knew I fhould find my way out, as foon as the Sua 
 was a little lower. So I fat down to reft my felf; 
 tefolving however to run no farther out of my 
 way ; for the Sun being fo near the Zenith, I could 
 not diftinguifh how todire&t my Courfe. Being weary 
 and almo{t faint for want of Water, 1 was forced 
 to have recourfe to the wild Pines, and was by 
 them fupplied, or elfe I muft have perifh’d wit ; 
 Thirft. About three a Clock I went due North, a8 
 near as I could judge, for the Savannah lay Eaft and 
 Weft, and I was on the South fide of it. _ 
 At Sun-fet I got out into the clear open Savannah, 
 being about two Leagues wide in moft Places, but 
 how longI know not. It is well ftored with Bub 
 locks, but by frequent Hunting, they grow fhy, ant 
 remove farther up into the Country. Herel 
 found my felf four or five Mile to the Weftd 
 the Place where I ftragled from my Companions 
 I made homewards with all the fpeed I could, li 
 being overtaken by the Night, I lay down on th 
 Graisa good diftance from the Woods, for the be 
 nefit of the Wind, to keep the Muskitoes fron 
 me; butin vain: for in lef$ than an Hours tim 
 1 was fo perfecuted, that though I endeavoured t0 
 keep them off by Fanning my felf with Boughs 
 and fhifting my Quarters 3 or 4 times; yet fill 
 they haunted me fo that I could get no fleep. At 
 ~ Day-break I got wp and dire€ted my Courfe to the 
 Creek where we landed, from which I was then 
 about two Leagues. I did not fee ong Beaft of any 
 ; Ot 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 Captain Hall loft sn the Woods. 
 
 _ fort whatever in all the way, though the day before un. 1676. 
 _ I faw_teveral Young Calves that could not followe—W~o 
 _ their Dams, but even thefe were now gone away , 
 
 to my great Vexation and Difappointment, for I 
 
 - was very hungry. But about a Mile farther, I {pied 
 
 ten or twelve Quams perching on the Boughs of 
 a Cotton-Tree. Thefé were not fhy, theretore I 
 got well enough under them; and having a fingle 
 Bullet (but noShot) about me, fired at one of them, 
 
 but mits it, though [had before often kill’d them 
 ' fo. Then Icame up with and fired at 5 or 6 Turkies, 
 _ but with no better fuccefS. So that 1 was forced to 
 - march forward ftill in the Savannah, toward the 
 
 Creek ; and when I came to the Path that led to it 
 through the Woods, I found (to my great Joy) a 
 Hat ftuck upon a Pole: and when I came to the 
 
 Creek I found another. Thefe were fet up by my 
 _ Conforts, who were gone home in the Evening, as 
 
 _ Signals that they would come and fetch me. There- 
 fore I fat down and waited for them; for although 
 
 _ J had then not above three Leagues home by Water, 
 
 yet it would have been very difficult, if not impof- 
 
  fiblefor me to have got thither over Land, by rea- 
 
 fon of thofe vaft unpaflable Thickets, abounding’ 
 every where along the Creeks fide; wherein I 
 
 have known fome puzzled. for two or three days, and 
 
 have not advanced half a Mile, though they la 
 boured extreamly every day. Neither was 1 difap- 
 
 _ pointed of my hopes; for within half an Hour 
 - after my arrival at the Creek, my Conforts came, 
 
 bringing every Man his Bottle of Water, and his 
 
 Gun, both to hunt for Game and to give me notice 
 
 by Firing, that I might hear them; for I have 
 
 known feveral Men loft in the like manner, and 
 
 __ hever heard of afterwards. 
 
 Such an Accident befel one Captain Ha// of New- 
 
 _ England, who came hither in a Boftoz Ship, to take 
 
 in Logwood, and was fraighted by two Scotch- 
 VEE 3 : aes 
 

 
 Pert SA baa alba ler a iig's  s ga a a FO? 1 OE Re te ae 
 e x 
 
 " $64 S Captain Wall loft, q 
 An. 1676. men, and one Mr. W. Cane, an Irifh-man who defigns” 
 ¥™ ing to go with Goods from Famaica to New-Eng. 
 land ; tor that reafon when his Logwood was aboard, 
 tarried at T77/? with the Ship, and hunted once ing 
 or three Days for Beef to lengthen out his Salt 
 Provilion, One Morning the Captain defigning to 
 Hunt, took five of his Men, with his Mate, as 
 alto his Merchant Mr. Cave along with him. They 
 Landed at the Eaft end of the Ifland, which is low 
 Mangrove-land;the Savannah is a confiderable diftance 
 from the Sea, amd therefore troublefom to get x 
 it. However, unleis they would row four or five 
 Leagues farther, they could not find a more com 
 venient place ; befide, they doubted not of Mr. Cane 
 skill to condu& them. After they had followedl” 
 him a Mile or two'into the Woods, the Captaif 
 iecing him to make a Halt (as being in fome doubt) 
 to confider of the way, told him in derifion, that he 
 was but a forry Wood{man, and that he would 
 fwing him’ but twice round, and he {hould not suck 
 the way out again; and faying no more to him; 
 went torwards, and bid his Seamen follow him; 
 which they did accordingly. Mr, Cave, after he 
 had recollefted himtelt, ftruck off another way, 
 and defired them to go with him: Butinftead of thay 
 they were all for tollowing the Captain. Ina 
 {hort time’ Mr. Cane got out of the Woods into 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the Savannah, and there kil?da good fat Cow, 
 and quartering it, made it fit for Carriage, fuppofing 
 the Captain and Crew would foon be with him 
 But after waiting 3 or 4 hours, and fring his Gut 
 feveral times, without hearing any Anfwer, took up 
 his Burden and returned towards the Seaide; and 
 upon giving a Signal a Boat came and. brought him 
 aboarc. In the mean time the Captain and his Mea 
 after 4 or 5 Honrs ranging the Woods, began to grow 
 tired.& then his Mate haftily trufting moreto his own 
 Judgment, lett him and the four Seamen, and ae 
 
 : a ae oe IO 
 
 v6 By 
 
 
 

 
 Pp ye Te CE Oe 
 
 we 
 
 4 ——— Gaptain Hall lofts, 
 
 il 
 
 Lats et 
 
 When he.came Aboard he gave an Account where. 
 
 about; and in whata condition he left the Captain 
 
 and his Men; but it being then-too late to feck him, 
 the next Morning very early Mr. Cave. and two 
 Seamen taking Dire€tions ftom the Mate (whowas 
 
 fo fatigued that he could. not ftir) where he had left 
 the Captain, went afhore, and at length came with- 
 in call of him, and at laff found hit layed 
 - down in a Thicket, having juft fenfe to call out 
 - fometimes, but not ftrength enough to ftand ; fo 
 
 they were forced to carry him to the Seadide. When 
 they had a little refrefh’d him with Brandy and Wa- 
 ter, he told themhow his Company had fainted for 
 Thirft, and drop’d down one after another, though _ 
 
 he ftill incouraged them to, be: cheartul and teit 
 
  themfelves a while, till he got fome fupplies , of 
 
 fi 
 
 ' Water for them, that they were very patient, and 
 
 _ that two of his Men held out till five a Clock in 
 _ the Afternoon, .and then Beattie alfo ; but he 
 
 _ himfelf proceeded in queft o 
 _and then fell down in the place where they, then 
 
 "a 
 
 his. way till Night; 
 
 found him. 
 
 The two Seamen carried the Captain Aboatd, 
 
 _ while Mr. Cane fearched about for the reft, but to 
 ' no purpofé; for he returned without them, and ‘could 
 - neve hear of them afterwards. - ie ib 
 
 This was a warning to me never to ftraggle from 
 
 my Conforts in our Hunting. But to proceed, 
 
 When my Months Service was up, in which time 
 ewe brought down all the Wood to the Creeks fide, 
 
 I was preféntly pay’d my, Tun of Logwood , with 
 which, and fome more. that 1 borrow’d, [bought a - 
 
 Jittle Provifion, and was afterwards entertained as:a 
 | FF 4 ee 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SoGa Bullocks Hides. - i. 
 An. 4676.Companion at Work with fome of my former 
 w"Y™I Matters ; for they prefently broke up Confort-fhips, | 
 
 letting the Wood lye till either Mr. Wef? came to 
 
 : fetch it, according to his Contra&t, or elf till the 
 
 , fhould otherwife difpofe of it. Some of then 
 
 immediately went to Beef-I/land to kill Bullock 
 
 ‘for their Hides, which they preferve by pegging 
 
 them out very tite on theGround. Firft they tum 
 
 the fiefhy fide, and after the hair upwards, letting 
 
 them lye fo till they are very dry. 32 ftrong Peg 
 
 as bigas a Man’s Arm, are required to itretd 
 
 the Hide as it ought to be. When they are dry the 
 
 fold them in the middle from Head ‘to Tail, with 
 
 the Hair outward; and then hang them ctof_ 
 
 firong Pole fo high thatthe ends may not touch th 
 
 Ground, 40 or 50 one upon another, and once if 
 
 3 Weeks or a Month they beat them with great 
 
 Sticks, to ftrike off the Wosms that breed if 
 
 ' the Hair, and eat it off; which fpoils the Hide 
 
 When they are to be fhip’d off, they foak them in” 
 
 falt Water to kill the remaining Worms : and while 
 
 they are yet wet they fold them in 4 folds, ane 
 
 | afterwards {pread them Abroad again to dry. Whet 
 | they are fully dry, they fold them up again, and 
 
 ) fo fend them Aboard. I was yet a Stranger to this” 
 
 Work, therefore remained with 3 of the old Crew 
 to cutmore Logwood. My Conforts were all three ! 
 Scotch-mein ; one of them named Price Morrice had 
 lived there fome Years, and was Mafter of a pretty 
 large Periago; for without fome fort of Boat, here 
 4s no ftirring from one place to another. The othe 
 two were young Men that had been bred Merchants, 
 vg. Mr. Duncan Campbell , and Mx, George —— 
 
 - Thefe two not liking either the Place or Emploj 
 
 ment, waited an opportunity of going away by th 
 firft Ship that came hither to take ia Logwood. 
 
 cordingly not long after the above-mentioned Car 
 Hail ot Bofton, came hither on that defign, and was 
 “ae : fraighted 
 
 : 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 \ 
 - 
 
Strange Leg-worms. 89 
 
 fraighted by them with4o Tun. It wasagreed that An. 1676. 
 George fhould ftay behind to cut Logwood ,; but We 
 
 Campbell fhould go to New-England to fell this Car- 
 
 go, and bring back Flower, and fuch other Commo- 
 
 dities that were proper to purchafé Hides and Log- 
 wood inthe Bay. This retarded our bufinefS, for 
 ‘did not find Price Morrice very intent at Work; 
 
 for °tis like he thought he kad Logwood enough. 
 
 And Ihave particularly obferved there, and in other 
 Plaves, that fuch as had been well-bred, were gene- 
 
 tally moft careful to improve their Time, and would 
 
 be very induftrious and frugal, when there was any 
 ‘probability of confiderable Gain. But on the con- 
 
 trary, fuch as had been inur’d to hard Labour, and got 
 
 their Living by thefweat of their Brows, when they 
 
 ¢ame to have plenty, would-extravagantly {quander 
 away their Time and Money in Drinking and making 
 
 a Blufter. | 
 
 To be fhort, I keptto my Work by my felf, till I 
 
 was hindred by a hard, red and angry Swelling like a 
 
 Boyl, in my right Legs {o painful that I was fcarce _ 
 able to ftand on it : but I was diretted to roaft and 
 apply the Roots of White Lillies (of which here is 
 great plenty, growing by the Creek fides) to draw 
 
 it to a head. This I did three or four Days, without 
 
 any benefit. Atlaft I perceived two White Specks 
 
 “in the middle of the Boil, and {queezing it, two 
 
 {mall white Worms fpurted out. I took them both 
 “up in my Hand, and perceived: each of them to be 
 ‘invefted with three Rows of black, fhort, ftiff Hair, 
 “tunning clear round them ; one Row neareach end ; 
 
 the other in the middle: each Row diftin& ftom 
 
 other; and all very regular and uniform. .The:Worms 
 
 were about the bignefS of a Hens Quill, and about 
 
 three fourths of an Inch long. cae # 
 
 ~ Tneverfaw Worms of this fort breed in any Man’s 
 
 Flefh. iudeed Guinea Worms are very frequent in 
 
 fome Places of the Weft Indies, efpecially at Gvra- 
 
 S20 3 
 
 ‘ 
 
bie, Si Feu sind erent, ele ‘= aan 
 
 
 
 
 
 90. Bes, Afivange Gur. 
 4n- 1676. fz9 5; They breed as well :inWhites as Negroes : And 
 oie that [land was, formerly a. aes of } 
 
 - groes, while the Dutch droye that. Trade with q 
 Spaniards, and the Negroes were moft. fubje@ 
 them ; *twas therefore believed that. other Pook 
 took them by Infection from them. | I jrather. jug 
 that they are generated by drinking bad Water; ¢ 
 tis as likely that the Water of the other. Iflanc 
 Aruba and, Bonairy may produce the fame Eteé 
 for many of thofe that went with me from thence 
 Virgima (mentioned in my former Volume ) w 
 troubled with them after our arrival there: pa 
 cularly I my félf had one broke out in my An¢ 
 after | had been there fivé or fix Months. 1 
 
 Thefe Worms are no bigger than a large bro 
 Thread, but(as | have heard) five or fix Yards longy 
 and if it breaks in drawing out, that part which: 
 mains in the Flefh will putrifie, and be very painfil, 
 and indanger the Patients Life ; orat leaft the ufer 
 that Limb: and Ihave known fome that have bee 
 fcarified and cut firangely, to take.out the Wort 
 [was in great torment before it came out; & 
 Leg and Ancle fwell’d andlook’d very red and ange 
 and [ kept a Plaifter to it, to bring it toa Head. 
 laft drawing off my Plaifter, out came about tht 
 Inches of the Worm; and my pain abated prefent 
 Till then I was ignorant of my Malady; and t 
 Gentlewoman,. at whofe Houfe I was, took ir f 
 a Nerve; but I ‘knew well enough what it was, 4 
 
 refently roll’d it up on a {mall Stick. - After th 
 Fractal ic every Morning and Evening ; and {trai 
 edit out gently, about two Inches at a time, 1 
 without fome pain, till at length I had got out abat 
 wo Foot: 06 a 
 - Riding with one Mr. Richardfon, who was goimg 
 to a Negro to have his Horfe cured of a ga 
 Back, I ask’d the Negro if he could undertake 
 Leg: which he did very readily ; and. in the meat 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ta 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 . Legmorms. 
 
 applying to it alittle rough Powder, which looked * 
 ike Tobacco Leaves dryed. and crumbled fmall, & 
 “mumbling fome Words to himfelt, he blew upon the 
 itt three times; and waving his Hands as often 
 yer it faid, it would be well {peedily. His Fee soy 
 ie Cure was a White Cock. 
 Then coming to me, and looking on the Worn i in 
 my Ancle, he promifed to cure itin three Days, . de- 
 “Manding alfoa White Cock tor his pains, and ufing 
 exactly the fame Method with me, as he did with 
 the Horfe; He bad me not open it in*three Days ; 
 tI did not ftay fo long ; for the next Morning the 
 E Cloath being rubb’d otf, J unbound it, and found 
 the Worm broken off, and the Hole quite healed 
 tp. I was afraid the remaining part would have 
 7. fome trouble, but have not felt any pain there 
 om that day to this. 
 + Toreturn. «I told- you how I was interrupted in _ 
 Blowing my Work, by the, Worms breeding in my 
 “deg. And to compleat my misfortune, prefently 
 after we had the mott violent Storm, for above 24 
 Hours, that ever was known in theie Parts. An Ac. 
 count of which J hall give more particularly in my 
 ) pie of Winds , and fhall now only mention 
 ome Paffages. 
 1 have pate faid, we were four of us in Com- 
 lany at this Place cutting Logwood : and by this 
 Storm were. reduced to great Inconveniencies; for 
 While that lafted wecould drefs no Vidtuals , nor 
 “even now it was over, unlef{$ we had done it in the 
 a‘ for the higheft Land near us was almoft 3 
 Foot under Water ; befides, our Provifion. too was 
 Moft of it {poiled, ‘except the Beef and Pork, which 
 was but little the worte. 
 » We had a good Canoa large enough to carry us 
 om and fecing 3 it in vain to flay here any longer, Ag 
 pe | a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n I obferved. his Method. in curing the Horn, An. 1676, 
 which was this. Firft he ftrok’d the fore Place, then ms 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 92 Ships forc’d afore. 
 ae ae g, allembarked and rowed away to One-Bufh-Key, a 
 wy 4+ Leaguesfrom our Huts. There were 4 Shipsti 
 here, when the Storm began: bit at our arriva 
 found only one, and hoped to ‘have got fome Re 
 ment from it, but found very cold entertainm 
 For we could neither get Bread mor Punch, not 
 much as a Dramof Rum, though we offered thet 
 Money for it. The Reafon was, they were alreat 
 over-charged with fuch as being diftrefled by the 
 Storm, had been forced to take San&tuary with the 
 feeing we could not be fupplied here, we as 
 which way the other three Ships were driven? th 
 told us that Capt. Prout of New-England was drive 
 towards I7:/?, and twas probable he was carried 
 out to Sea, unlefS he ftuck on a Sand, calledthe 
 Middle Ground ; that Capt. Skinner of New-Englant 
 was driven towards Beef-I/land , and Captain Chant 
 ler of London, dtove away towards Man-of War 
 Lagune. ! 4 
 Beef-Iffand lies North from One-Bufh-Key; bit 
 the other two Places lie a little on each fide: Oh 
 to the Eaft; the other to the Weft. Soay 
 we went for Beef-Ifend: and coming within 
 League of it, we fawa Flag in the Woods, mi 
 faft toa Pole, and placed on the Top of a high 
 Tree. And coming ftill nearer, we at laft fwa 
 Ship in the Woods, about 200 Yards fiom the Se 
 We rowed dire€tly. towards her; and when 
 came to the Woods fide, found a pretty clear 
 tage made by the Ship, through the Weods, - 
 Trees being all broke down; And about three 
 Water Home to the Ship. We rowed in with 
 Canoa, and went Aboard, and were kindly En 
 tained by the Seamen: but the Captain was ¢ 
 Aboard Captain Prouwr, who ftuck fafton the middle 
 Ground before-mentioned. Captain Prouz’s Shi 
 was afterwards got off again; but the Stumps 
 the Trees ran clear through the bottom es 
 14M 
 
A Storm. gr ho BR 
 
 Skinner’s therefore there was no hope of faving her. 4p, 1676. 
 Here we got Vi€tuals and Punch, and ftayed about wyry 
 two Hours, in which time the Captain came Aboard, 
 and invited us to ftay all Night. But hearing fome 
 Guns fired in Man-ofWar Lagune, we concluded 
 ‘that Captain Chandler was there, and wanted af 
 ‘fiftance. Therefore we prefently rowed away 
 ‘thither; for we could do no Service here : and before 
 Night found him alfo ftuck faft on a Point of 
 
 Sand. The Head of his Ketch wasdry, and at the 
 ‘Stern, there was above 4 Foot Water. Our coming 
 was very feafonable to Captain Chandler, with 
 “Whom we ftayed two Days: in which time we 
 F 2 out all hisGoods,carried off his Anchor, &%c. and 
 
 v6 
 
 fo not being ableas yet to do him more Service, we 
 left him for the prefent, and went away to hunt 
 at Beef-Wland. he | 
 -_ At Trift were four Veflels riding before this 
 Storm ; one of them was driven off to Sea, and 
 never heard of afterwards. Another was caft dry 
 % the fhore, where fhe lay and was never got 
 Of again: But the third rode.it out. Another was- 
 fiding without the Bar of T7:/?, and fhe put to 
 Sea, and got to New-England , but much fhattered. 
 About three days before this Storm began, a finall 
 Veffel, Commanded by Captain Val/y, went hence, 
 bound to Famaica. This Vefiel was given for loft 
 by all the Logwood-Cutters : butabout 4 Months 
 after fhe returned thither again; ‘and the Captain 
 + he felt nothing of the Storm, but when he was. 
 about 30 Leagues to Wind-ward of T7i/?, he had a 
 freth SummafentaWind that carried him as high as 
 Cope Condecedo ,. but all thé time he faw very black 
 Clouds to the Weftward. 
 __ Beef-Ifand is about 7 Leagues long, and 3 or 4 
 broad. It liesin length Eaft and Weft. The Eaft end 
 ‘looks toward the Iiland T7i/? ; and is low drowned 
 Land : and near the Sea produceth nothing a 
 % white 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 94, 
 
 ” Balt to Welt.. The Eaftermoft part for abou 
 
 _ This end is over-grown with red Mangroves. 
 
 the Ridges.curious high fourifhing ‘Trees, of dives 
 
 _gnee, and fettle themfelves. in the unfiegas 
 ae ¥ ; (0) 
 
 
 
 meg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 white and black Mangrove-Trees. The North ; 
 lies open to the Main Sea, running ftraight 
 
 Leagaes from I7i/t is Low and:Mangrovy ; 
 end of which there isa {mall {alt Creek, deep e 
 at high Water for Boats to pafs. | | 
 
 . From.this Creek to the Weft end, is 4 L 
 all fandy Bay,clofed on the backfide with a low 
 bank, abounding with thick prickly Bufhes, 
 White-thorn ; bearing awhitith hard Shell-F 
 big..as.a Sloe, much like a Calla-bafh. . Th 
 end is- wafhed with the River St.Peter St 
 
 3 Leagues up from the Mouth of this River 
 forth a {mall Branch, running to. the Eaftward, am 
 dividing Beef-I/land form the.Main.on the South, aul 
 afterwards makes a great Lake of frefh Wate, 
 called Erefh Water Lagune. This afterward, fib 
 into a Salt. Lake, called Maz-ofWar Lagi, 
 which emptys it elf into Laguna Termina, about 
 Leagues from the S. E. Point of the Ifland. .. 3 
 - The infide or middle of this Ifland is a.Savanmh 
 bordered all round with Trees, moft .Mangrom, 
 either black; white or red, with fome Logwoods 
 _ The South fide, between the Savannahs andr 
 Mangroves, is veryrich. Sometimes this Lande 
 in Ridges higher than the Savannahs. 
 
 The Savannahs produce; plenty, of long Grafs, and 
 
 fortes! << . i io brid: nh 
 The Fruits of this Ifland are, Penguins, both te 
 and, yellow; Guavers ,  Sapadilloes , . Lim 
 Oranges, &c. Thee lafi@but lately planted h 
 a Colony of Indians ; who revolted: trom th 
 niards and fettled here. x 
 
 _-It is no new thing for the Indians in’ thefe 1 
 Parts of America,.to fly away whole Town 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 if Indians Hammacks. 65, 
 Woods, to enjoy their Freedom, and. if; they, are 4n.1676. . 
 accidentally diicovered,they will remove again; whichwe—~wNy 
 they can <atily «do; , their, Houfhold-Goods being 
 little elfe but their Cotton. Hammacks, and their 
 Callabafhes.\.. They build every Man his.own Houte, 
 
 and‘tye up, their-Hammacks between two Trees); 
 wherein they fleep till their Houfes.are made. The 
 
 Woods aftord them fonte, Subfiftence,, as Pecary and 
  Warrce , but they that are thusftroling , (or. moroon: 
 
 “dng, 2s the Spaniards call. ir) have Plantain-Walks 
 
 that no Man knows, but . themfelves; and. from. 
 
 thence they have their Food, till they have raifed 
 Plantation Provifion. near. their . New-built- ‘Town. 
 
 They clear:no more Gtound than what theya€tually 
 employ for their Subfiftence. They makejno Paths: 
 
 but when they go far from Home, they break now 
 
 and then:a Bough ;, lettingit hang.down,;| which 
 
 
 
 7 stn 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 96 Beef-Ifland Animals. Ay 
 
 An. 1676 dentally found out by the Hunters, as they follow 
 Wy ed their Game. They were not very fhy all the tim 
 
 i lived there; but I know that upon the leaft difguft 
 
 they would havebeen gone. ~ ig 
 
 The Animals of this Ifland are, Sguafhes in abun 
 
 dance, Porcupines, Guanoes, Poffomes, Pecary, Deer, 
 
 Horfes and Horn Cattle. . 
 
 This Ifland does properly belong to Fobn a’ Acoffa, 
 
 a Spaniard of Campeachy Town, who poflefd it 
 
 when the Englifh firft came hither to cut Logwood, 
 
 His Habitation was then at the Town of Campeachyy 
 
 but in the dry Seafon he uféd to come hither ina 
 
 Bark, with fix or feven Servants, and {pend twoot 
 
 three Months in Hockfing and killing Cattle, ly 
 
 for their Hides and Tallow. # 
 
 The Englifh Logwood-Cuttets happened once to 
 
 ) come hither, whilft Fobn a Acofta was there ; and he 
 
 hearing their Guns, made towards them, and 
 
 defired them to forbear firing ; becaufé it would make 
 
 the Cattle wild, but told them that at any time what 
 
 | they wanted Beef, ifthey fent to him he would hog 
 
 | as many as they pleafed, and bring the Meat to theif 
 : Canoas. The Englifh thankfully accepted his Offers, 
 
 : and did never after fhoot his Cattle, but fent to 
 
 him, when they wanted : and he ( according to hig 
 Promife) fupplied them. This created him fo m ch 
 
 Friendfhip, that they intended when they retutik 
 
 ed to Famaica , to bring him a Prefent, and Goods” 
 
 alfoto Trade with him; which would havebeet 
 
 very Advantagious to both Parties: but fome of 
 
 his Servants acquainted the Townfmen of it, a 
 
 his return to Campeachy.- And they being jealous of 
 the Englifh, and envying him, complained to ne 
 
 Governour ; who prefently caft him into Prifom” 
 
 where he remained many Years: This happened 
 
 about the Year 71 or 72. Thus the Proje€t Of 
 
 Trading with the Englifh mifcarried here ; and 7a me 
 
 d’ Acofta was forced to relinquifh his Right of this 
 
 pleafant 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 é 
 Le 
 Me 
 De a, 
 oh. 
 ? 
 
 Pe a 
 hy 
 fp. _ 
 
 
 
 pe ee aS a 
 see FE eer 
 

 
 Hocking Gatilei 
 
 campers away a good diftance before hecomes about 
 again. Ifthe Hamftring ishot quite cut afinder with 
 the ftroke, yet the Bullocks by continual: {pringing 
 Out his. Leg, . certainly breaks it; and then can 
 
 go bution three Legs, yet {till limps forward. to be: 
 
 ¥evenged..on. his khemy. » ‘Then: the. Hockfer 
 Rides.up foftly to him , and fitikes: his Iron into 
 
 the Knee of .one: of his fore Legs; and) then:he’ 
 
 immediately tumblesdown. He gets: off his Horfé 
 and taking a fharp-pointed ‘ftrong Knife, ftrikes 
 it into his Pole,.:a little! behind the. Horns 5 fo 
 dextroufly that at one blow he cuts the :ftring of his 
 Neck; and down falls: his Head. This they call 
 Poling..'Then the Hockfér immediately Mounts, and 
 Rides after more Game, leaving the other to the 
 et Gg Skinners 
 
 
 
 
 
 - .. 97 
 Mant-and profitable Ifland, leaving it wholly to the 4n. 1676. 
 _ Englifh ; for neither he nor any other Spaniard ever yng 
 ame hither afterward to hocks Cattle. cf! 
 
Ie eames Vis ANd © cy Sig eg Bh DO) ely sii Mee Dalene by PE) SE tent sey 
 
 : 98 Weft Indies Stock'd with Cattle: 
  An,1676.. Skinriers, who are at hand, and ready to take 
 Yaw his Hide. tose er 
 
 The right Ear of the Hockfing-Horfe, by 
 weight of the Pole lIay’d conftantly over it w 
 on Duty, hangs down always, by which you: 
 know it from other Horfes. 
 
 The Spaniards pick and chufe only the Bulls 
 old Cows, and leave the young Cattle to breed ; 
 which means they always preferve their Stock en 
 On the contrary, the Ezglifh and French kill with 
 diftinGtion ; yea, the young rather than the 0 
 without regard of keeping up their Stock. F:smaiea 
 is a remarkable Inftance of this our Folly, in thi 
 
 articular. For when it-was firft taken by the 
 lifh,the Savannahs were’well ftock’d with Cattle; bi 
 were foon all deftroyed by our Soldiers, who fuftered 
 great Hardfhips afterwards for it: and it was never 
 \ ftock’d again till Sir Thomas Linch was Governoih 
 ‘He-fent to Cuba for a fupply of Cattle, .which a 
 now grown vety. plentitul, becaufe every Ma 
 knows his own proper Goods. W hereas befoig, 
 when there was no Property, ach Man deftroyel 
 asi faft as he could. The French (think) are greatet 
 
 - Deftroyers than the Ezgii/h. 95 veNG 21g 
 . Had it not been: for the great care of the & 
 giards, in Stocking the Weft Indies with Hogs aid 
 Bulloeks, the Privateers muft have ftarved. But 
 now'the Main, as well. as the: Iflands; is plenti 
 provided; particularly the Bay of:Campeachy, 
 \flands:of Cuba,» Pines, Hifpaniola, Portarica, 
 Where, ‘befides wild ‘Hogs, there» are abundance! 
 Crawls or Hog-farms ; in fome of which, 1 hawt 
 heard, there areno lefs. than 1500. This ‘was te 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 main Subfiftence of the Privateers. — bg 
 
 . But to return again to Beef-Ifland. Our 
 Hunters have much leffened the numbers of the! 
 tle there. And thofe that are left, by: conftant.fhoo 
 ing, are now grown fo wild anddefperate, that 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 
 

 
 Danger in Hunting. 
 
 ds dangerous for a fingle Man to fire at them, or to 4. 1576. 
 ‘venture through the Savannahs. For the old Bulls —Yw 
 
 that have been formerly fhot, will make at him: 
 
 and they willall draw up in Battalia to defend them. | 
 
 {elves upon our approach; the old Bulls in the 
 
 Front ; behind them the Cows, in the fame manner; 
 and behind them the young Cattle. And if we 
 fitive to wheel about to get in the Reer, the Bulls 
 Will certainly face about that way, and {till prefent 
 a Front to us. Therefore we feldom ftrive to {hoot 
 any out of a gteat Herd; but walk about in the 
 Woods, clofe by the Savannah; and there we light 
 of our Game. The Beaft makes dire€tly at the 
 Hunter, if it be defperately wounded, (as I have ex- 
 
 monly run away. The old Hunters tell us, that a 
 Cow is more dangerous of the two; becaufe, they 
 fay, fhe runs at her Enemy with her Eyes open; 
 _ but the Bull fhuts his, fo that you may eafily avoid 
 Tim. But this I cannot affirm upon my own know- 
 - Kedge.and rather doubt the truth of it,for I knew one 
 - threwdly gor’d by a Bull. He was a Confort with 
 Mr. Barker, in the Weft Lagune ; whete having 
 
 tird themfelves with cutting Logwood,they took an 
 | Occafion to go in their Canoa to Beef-Ifand, to re- 
 
 frefh themfélves there a Fortnight or three Weeks; 
 | becaufe here were feveral forts of Fruits, and plenty 
 | Of Cabbage to eat with their frefh Beef, which 
 they could not failto meet with. They cameto a 
 Place call’d the Sa/t Greek , and there built them a 
 Hut. About 4 a Clock while Mr. Barker lay down 
 to fleep, his Confort march’d out into the Savannah, 
 | about a Mile from their Huts; and there coming 
 
 within fhot of a Bull, wounded him defperate- 
 ly; but yet the Bull had ftill fo much ftrength left 
 aS to purfue and overtake his Adverfary, trampling 
 Onhim; and goring his Thigh, fothat he wasnot able 
 
 | re 2 to 
 
 ge 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 petienced my felf) but if but flightly, they com- - 
 
 Lo 9 
 X fer 
 
 ee Sie 
 
ae 
 
 
 
 ~ §CO0 
 
 dncséqs.to rife The Bull by’ this time was fpent, and fell 
 Cy~ down dead by him: And there the Man had 
 
 the Wood. Thad no fooner got up to follow thet, 
 
 as long as 1 was in the Bay. 
 
 pee nti) az tin pac ah Wipe Te | eee 
 
 ‘An efeape from an Alligator: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tifhed, if Mr. Barker had not come the 
 Romine to feek him, who finding him by the 
 Beaft, took him on his Back, and lug’d himh 
 to their Hut. The nextday he put him in hisCa 
 and delivered him aboard a Ship, into the hands of 
 a Surgeon, whocured him in a little time. .- 
 { told you we left Capt. Chandler, with a defign 
 of going to Beef-I/fland, to fpend fome time in Hun 
 ting at Pzes Pond, betore-mentioned. But before we 
 came thither we went afhore to kill a Beef for Sup 
 per ; where I was furprized with an odd accident, 
 affing through a {mall Savannah, about 2 or 3 Foot 
 deep, we fmell’d a ftrong {cent of an Alligator, 
 and prefently after I {tumbled over one, and féll 
 down immediately. Icry’d out for help: but my 
 Conforts, inftead of affifting me, tanaway towatts 
 
 but I ftumbled on him a fecond time; and a thitt 
 time alfo: expeéting ftill when I fell down to be 
 devoured. Yetat laft I got out fafe , but fo fright 
 that I never cared for going through the Wateraga 
 
 q 2 
 
 ‘ 4 
 
 ; ~- 4 
 
 i ae 
 CHA 
 
 . -- q 
 
 7 i 
 

 
 
 
 Cer Ary: 
 
 The River St. Peter St.Paul. The Mountain- 
 Gow and Hippopotamus. Tobafco Iffand. Gua- 
 vers. Tobafco River. Manatee. Villa de 
 _ Mofa. Eftapo. Halapo. ‘Tacatalpo de Sierra. 
 — Small Bees. Indians. Yavtillos. Pofole, Cotton 
 - Garments. Early Marviages. Towns. Feftz- 
 
 bi 
 
 - vals. Shape and Features. 
 
 f H E River Sz,Peter St.Paul {prings-ftom the 
 high Mountains of Chiapo,about 20Leagues 
 * within the Country which are fo called from 
 5 a City not far diftant. Its firft Courfe is 
 Biely for a confiderable length, till it meets with 
 Jountains on that fide: then it turns fhort about 
 Northward, till within 12 Leagues of the Sea, 
 And laftly, it divides its elf into two Branches, 
 The Weftern Branch falls intothe River Toba/co , 
 the otherkeeps its Courfe till within 4 Leagues of 
 the Sea; then divides it felf again. The Eaftermoft 
 of thefe Branches feparates BeefIfland from the 
 Main; and falls into Man-of War Lagune, as is before 
 telated. The other keepsit Courfe and Name, till 
 it falls into the Sea, between Beef-Iland and To- 
  bafco-Iland ; where it isno broader than the Thames 
 at Gravefend. There is a Bar at its Entrance, but 
 of what depth I know not , over which fmall Vef- 
 fels may. pafS well enough by the Benefit of the 
 Tide. tis both deeper and broader after you are 
 ‘in; for there it is 15 or 16 Foot Water, and very 
 good Riding. By Report of the Privateers who 
 have been up this River, it is very broad before it 
 iS Ee 3 patts ; 
 
ee Se ee ST i A a sated 2 a es ae <8 lh Ca 
 
 “ Ons The Mountain Gow. 
 _ An. 1676. parts; & beyond that farther in the Country,has d 
 “WN large Indian Towns built on its Banks : the chi 
 which is called Sammafenta , and many large C 
 and Plantain-walks : the Soil on each fide being 
 very Fruittul. The unmanurd Land is overg 
 with lotty Trees of many forts, efpecially 
 Cotton or Cabbage ; of the latter there are wh 
 Groves ; and in fome Places (efpecially a little 
 from the Rivers fide) great Savannahs full of But 
 locks, Herfes, and other Animals ; amongh 
 which the Mountain Cow (called by the Spaniards 
 Ante) is moft remarkable. | 
 This Beaft is as big as a Bullock of two Year 
 
 It is fhaped like a Cow in Body ; but her 
 much bigger. Her Nofe is fhort, and the 
 more compact and round. She has no Horns. Her 
 Eyes are round, full, and of a prodigious fize. She 
 has great Lips, but not {fo thick as the Cows Lips 
 Her Ears, are in proportion to the Head, rathet 
 broader than thofe of the Common Cow. He 
 Neck is thick and fhort. Her Legs alfo fhorter than 
 ordinary. Shehasa pretty long Tail; thin of Hair, 
 and no Bob atthe end. Shehas courfe thin Hairall 
 over her Body. Her Hide is near two Inches thi 
 Ker Flefh is red: The Grain of it very fine. 
 Fat is white, and altogether it is {weet wholfom 
 Meat. One of them will Weigh 5 or 600 Weight. 
 This Creature is always found in the Woods neat 
 fome large River; and feeds on a fort of long thin 
 Grafs, or Mofs, which grows plentifully on te 
 Banks of Rivers: but never feeds in Savann 
 or Paftures of good Grafs, .as all other Bullocks 
 When her Belly is full, fhe lyes downto fleep by 
 brink of the River ; and at the leaft Noife flipsi 
 the Water: where finking down to the bottom, t 
 very deep, fhe walks as on dry Ground. . She 
 not tun faft, therefore never rambles far from. 
 River ; for there fhe always takes SanCtuary,. in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beare , 2 ass i oF y cig 
 
 
 
ee ee nee ee ee et oe ee ee YY a ae 
 
 Mountain Cow, 
 
 
 
 
 2 ‘g 
 
 the is afleep. | 
 
 They are found, befides this-Place, in the Rivers 
 in the Bay of Honduras; and on all the Main 
 | from thence as high as the River of Darien. Se- 
 eral of my Conforts have kill'd them there, and 
 
 knew their Track,which 1 my {elf faw in the Ifthmus 
 ‘of Darien ; but fhould not have known it, but as] 
 was told by them. ForI never did fee one, nor 
 
 Sand, feemed much like the Track of a Cow, but 
 
 I was well affured that none of our common Cows 
 
 could live in that Place: neither are there any near 
 
 it by many Miles. 
 
 __ My Conforts then gave me this Relation, and 
 fince I have had the fame from other Englifh-nren 
 
 as well as Spaniards. 
 
 Having fhew’d the fore-going Defcription to a 
 ‘Perfon of Honour, he was_pleafed’to fend ittoa 
 Learned Friend in Ho//and; from whom he received 
 
 this Anfwer. 
 
 SIR, 
 | Tee E Account I have of this Paper from the 
 Englifh Minifter at Leyden is this, The De- 
 Seription of your Sea-Cow, agrees with rbe Hippope- 
 tamus kept bere foexattly, that I take them to be 
 ' Creatures of the fame kind. Only this bere at Ley- 
 ‘den zs bigger than any Ox. For the Eyes, Ears and 
 Hair, nothing can be faid, feeing this Skin wants all 
 thefe. The Teeth are worth noticing, which are very 
 large, and firm, and fine as ay Ivory. : 
 I have {poke with avery Intelligent Perfon, Kin/- 
 man to the Burgomafter of Leyden, who having had 
 that Hippopotamus (as they call it) prefented to bim, 
 made a Prefent thereof to the Univerfity : who having 
 “viewed that Skin very well, faith,lt’s much bigger than 
 Gg 4 yot 
 
 the Track of any but once. The Impreffion in the | 
 
 103 
 
 
 
 of danger. There is no fhooting of her, but when ce 
 
 
 
, Se ae). oo, 4. See ET ee eT le ae ty Sok OO 
 ogee: OR eee PES aie idk ates as Ope ae ee Es 5 bili pe hh es ES Mee 4 
 BS Coad ea : . ris 
 
 104 Differs from the Sea-Horfe: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Horns, perbaps it may as well be called a River-Hor a 
 
 T readily acknowledge, there is fome refemblance_ 
 between this MountainCow of America, and the 
 
 (have.here inferted two Accounts of the African 
 Hippopotamus, as they were fent ; the one to the 
 
 oe of 39 on the Eaft fide of the Cape of Good 
 _ Hope. aR ANE BN loge es : 
 The Sea-Horfé’s Head, Ears and Noftrils are like 
 our Horfes ; with a {hort Tail and Legs.And his Foot 
 
 , flepssinthe Sand like a Horfes ; but the Body above 
 i WR  twi 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 Sea-Horfe. 
 
 and what he can get ; and will go down to the bot- 
 _ tom in3 Fathom Water. For I have watch’d him ; 
 _ and he hath ftaid above half an hour before he arofé. 
 _ Heis very mifchievousto white Men. I have known 
 him open his: Mouth and fet one Tooth on the 
 - Gunnel of a Boat, and anotheron the fecond Strake 
 _ ftom the Keel (which wasmore than 4 Foot diftant) 
 and there bit a hole through the Plank, and funk 
 the Boat, and after he had done, he wentaway 
 _ thaking his Ears. His ftrength is incredibly great ; 
 i 2 { have {een him in the Wath of the fhore, when 
 | the Sea has tofled in a Dutch-man’s Boat, with 14 
 | Hogfheads of Water in her, upon’ the faid Beaft ; 
 _ and left it dry on his Back: and another Sea came 
 and fetch’d the Boat off , and the Beaft was not 
 _ hurt.as tar as I could perceive.Howhis Teeth grow in 
 "his Mouth I could not fee; only that they were 
 found like a Bow ; and about 16 Inches long ; and 
 inthe biggeft part mere than 6 Inches about. We 
 Made feveral fhet athim , but to no purpofé; for 
 _ they would glance from him as ftom a Wall. The 
 _ Natives call him a Kittimpungo, and fay he is Fe- 
 | tiffo, which isa kind of a God ; for nothing, they 
 fay can killhim: And if they fhould do to him, as 
 _ the White Men do, he would foon deftroy their Ca- 
 _fioas and ‘Fifhing-Nets. Their Cuftom is when he 
 _ Comes near their Canoas, to throw him Fifh ; and 
 then he paffeth away, and will not meddle with 
 their Fifhing-Craft. Hedoth moft mifchief when 
 he can ffand on the Ground ; but when a-foat, hath 
 _ Only power to bite. As our Boat once lay near the 
 
 Nore, I faw him go under -her, and with his Back 
 
 lift her out of the Water ; ‘and over-fet her with 6 
 
 Men aboard: but, asit happemedg did them no harm. 
 
 
 
 Whilft 
 
 
 
 ee To 5 
 twice as big. He grafés on the fhore, and dungs An. 1676. 
 ~ like a Horfe. Is of a dark-brown, but gliftering in Laryny 
 | ‘the Water. His pace is but flow onthe fhore; in 
 ‘the Water more fwift. He there feedson finall Fith 
 | 
 
nt ee a iD SRO es ae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 106 The Sea-Hor/e. 
 An. 1676. Whrlft we lay inthe Road we had three of 
 YN which did trouble this Bay every Full and C 
 and twoor three Days after, the Natives fay, 
 go together, two Males and one Female. Their Noifé 
 
 ismuch like the bellowing of a large Calf: 
 This Remark was made of a Sea-Horfé at Lo 
 in the Year 1695. 
 
 Captain Roger’s Letter. 
 
 SIR; e 
 ah H E Hippopotamus or Sea-Horfe, “ives asaell 
 _ on Landas in the Sea or in Rivers. It is ha 
 ped much like anOx, but bigger, weighing 15000 
 16001. This Creature zs very full bodied, anda 
 vered with Hair of a Moufe Colour , thick, fon 
 and of avery beautiful fleeknefs, when he frft coms 
 out of the Water. The Head is flattifh on the th 
 It bas no Horns : but large Lips, a wide Mouth mu 
 ftrong Teeth ; four of which are longer tban th 
 reft, (viz.) two in the upper Faw one on each fide 
 and two more inthe under: ‘Ihefe laft are fo 
 five Inches long 5 the other two are fhorter. - It bis 
 large broad Ears , great goggle Eyes; and ts Oh 
 uick figbted. It bas a thick Neck , and ftrong Lips, 
 fi weak Footlocks. ‘The Hoofs of bis Feet are 
 
 in the middle : Andit bas two {mall Hoofs above 
 Footlock, which bending to the Ground when it i 
 make an Impreffion on the Sand like four Claws. 
 Tail is fhort and Was hke a Swines ; witb 
 any Bob at the end. ‘Ibis Beaft is commonly fat aia 
 very good Meat. ~ It grafeth afhore in wet fwamp 
 Ground near Rivers or Ponds; but retires 
 Water, if purfued. When they are in thé 
 | they will fink down to the bottom , and there w 
 on dry Ground. They will run almoft as faft as a 
 but if chafed bard, they will turn about and look 
 Serce, like a Boar» and fight if put toit, ‘The, 4 
 aig ; . «HR 
 

 
 ay “Tobafto Fland. a 
 
 tives of the Country have no Wars with thefe Crea- An. 1676. 
 ‘tures , but we had many Confiitts with them, both on'\ew~NS 
 Shore and in the Rrvers: and though we commonly 
 got the better by killing fome, and routing the reft ; 
 yet in the Water we durft not moleft them, after one 
 Bout ; which bad like to have proved fatal to 3 Men 
 that went in a fmall Canoa to kill a fingle  Sea- 
 Horfe, in a River where was 8 or 10 Foot Water, 
 The Horfe, according to bis Cuftom, was marching 
 in the bottom of the River , andbeing efpied by thefe 
 Men, they wounded bim with along Lance , which fo 
 enraged the Beaft, that he rofe up immediately, and 
 giving a fierce look, he opened his Faws and bit a 
 great piece of the Gunnal or upper edge of the Canoa, 
 and was like to over-fet it , but prefently funk down 
 again to the bottom: and the Men made away as 
 fajt as they could, for fear be fhould come again. 
 
 The Weft Branch of the River St. Peter St. Paw/, 
 after it has run 8 or 9 Leagues N. W, lofeth it felf 
 in Tobafco River, about 4 Leagues from the Sea,and 
 fo makes the Ifland ‘Toba/co, which is 12 Leagues 
 long, aud 4 broad at the North end: for from the 
 River St. Peter St. Paul, to the mouth of Toba/co 
 River, is accounted 4 Leagues, and the Shore lies 
 Eaft and Weft. 
 
 _ The firft League on the Eaft is Mangrove-Land, 
 with fome Sandy Bay, where Turtle come afhore to 
 Tay their Eggs. : 
 
 _ The Wet part of it is Sandy Bay quite to the Ri- 
 ver Tobafco. But becaufé here is conftantly a great 
 ‘Sea, you have no good Landing till within the Rzver. 
 The N. W. part of itis full of Guaver ‘Trees, of the 
 ‘gteateft variety, and their fruit the largeft and beft 
 ‘tafted I have met with, and ’tis really a very deli- 
 ious place. There are alfo fome Coco-Plums and. 
 Grapes, but not many. The Savannahs here are na- 
 turally fenced with Groves of Guavers, and ie 
 
 
 
 Pee 
 
 
 

 
 108 
 ‘An.1676 
 wy 
 
 without any danger from the ftrength of the Cit 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tobafco Rever. 
 good Grafs for Pafture, and are pretty well ff 
 with fat Bullocks: and I do believe it is from 
 eating the Guaver Fruit that thefe Trees are fo 
 For this fruit is full of finall feeds,which being 
 lowed whole by the Cattle, are voided whol 
 them again; and then taking root in their 
 Ipring up abundantly. 
 
 Here are alfo Deer in great numbers; the 
 conftantly find feeding in the Savannahs Mo 
 and Evenings. And I remember an unlucky Acc 
 whilft I was there. Two or three Men went ou 
 Evening purpofély to hunt ; when they were i 
 fpots of Savannahs, they feparated to find theit 
 Game, and at laft it fo happened, that one of them 
 fired at a Deer and killed it, and while he was skit 
 ning it, he was fhot ftark dead by one of his Com 
 forts, who fired at him, miftaking him for a Deeh 
 The poor Man was very forry for fo fad a mifchane, 
 and for fear of the dead Man’s Friends, durft ne ret 
 go back again to Fumaica. : | 
 _ The River of Toba/co is the moft noted in all the 
 Bay of Campeachy, and fprings alfo from the high 
 Mountains of Chapo, but much more to the Welt 
 ward than that of St. Peter St. Pau/. From thence 
 it runs N.E. till within 4 Leagues of the Sea, whete 
 it receives the fore-mentioned Branch of St. Peter 
 
 Sea. Its Mouth is about two Miles wide, and the ' 
 is a Bar of Sand lying off it, with not above i 
 or ‘12 foot Water; but a Mile or two within tie 
 Mouth, at a nook or bending of the River on th : 
 Faft-fide there is three Fathom, and good Ro 
 
 rent. ~The ‘Tide Hows up about four Leagues in t 
 
 dry Seafon, but in the. Rains not fo far; for th 
 
 the Frefhes make the Ebb run very ftrong. a 
 During the Norths it over-flows all the low Land 
 
 
 

 
 Manatees very fruitful. 109 
 for 14 of 15 Leagues up the River,and you may then 4p. 1676. ° 
 take up frefh Water without the Bar. ANY 
 This River, near its Mouth, abounds: with Cate 
 _ fith, with fome Snooks; and Manatee in great plen- 
 ty; there being good feeding for'them in many of 
 its Creeks, efpecially in one place on the Starbord 
 — fide about 2 Leagues from the Sea, which runs in- 
 to the Land 2 or 300 paces, and then opens: very 
 wide, and is fo fhoal that you may fee their backs 
 above Water as they feed, a thing fo rare,” that'l 
 | have heard our Musketo-men fay, they never faw it — 
 any where elfe: Onthe leaft noife they will all 
 | feamper out into the River : yet the Masketo-men 
 feldom mifg of ftriking them: Thefe are a fort of 
 Frefh-water Mazatee, not altogether {fo big as the 
 Sea kind, but otherwife exactly alike in fhape and 
 taft, andI think rather fatter: ‘The Land by the 
 Rivers, efpecially on tne Starbord fide, is fwampy; 
 and ovet-grown with Trees. 
 _ Here are alfo abundance of Land-Turtle, the lare- 
 eft that Lever faw, till 1 came to the Gallapagos 
 Iflands in the $. Seas; viz. Mangroves,Macaws, and 
 | Other forts that I know not. In fome places near 
 the River fide, further up the Country, are Ridges 
 of dry Land, full of lofty Cabbageand Cotton Trees, 
 which make a very pleafant Landskip.. There is no 
 Settlement within 8 Leagues ofthe River’s Mouth, 
 and then you come to a fmall Breaft-work, where 
 there is commonly a Spaniard with'8 or ‘9 Indians 
 pofted on each fide the River, to -watch for Boats 
 - coming that way: And becaufe there are divers 
 ‘Creeks running in from the Savannahs;fome of thefé 
 Sentinels are fo placed in the Woods, that they-may 
 look into the Savannahs ; for fear of being furprized 
 onthe back fide: Yet forall their caution, thefé 
 Sentinels were fhap’d by Captain Nevil; Commander 
 of a fall Brigantine, in a fecond Expedition: that 
 he made totake the Town called Villa de Mofe. i? 
 
 
 
 
 
I10 
 
 ‘An. 1676. St 
 Ww the fecond time he got into a Creek, a League below 
 
 | Ozenbrigs, white and blew, Ghentins, Platilloes, 
  tannias, Hollandilloes, Iron-work, &c. They arrive 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Willa de Mofe? | 
 firft Attempt mifcarried by his being difcovered: Bur 
 
 thefe Sentinels, and there dragging his Canoas oyer 
 fome Trees that were laid crofsit, purpofély to hip 
 der his paflage, he came in the night upon their 
 backs in their feveral Pofts; fo that the Town, ha. 
 ving no notice of his coming by their firing as they 
 fhould have done, was taken without any refiftane 
 Villa de Mofe is a {mall Town ftanding on the 
 Starbord fide of the River, four Leagues beyond this 
 Brea{t-work. *Tis inhabited chiefly by Indians, with 
 fome Spaniards : there is a Chutch'in the middle, 
 and a Fort at the Weft end, which commands the 
 River. Thus far Ships come to bring goods, efpe 
 cially European Commodities ; viz. Broad-c 
 Serges, Perpetuana’s, Kerfies, Thred-Stockings, 
 
 here in November or December, and ftay till Fume 
 or Fuly, felling: their Commodities; and then -loal 
 chietly with Cacao, and) fome beat AML the 
 Merchants and petty Traders of the Country Towas 
 come hither about Chriftmas to 'Traffick, which 
 makes this Town the chiefeft in all thefe parts,-Cam 
 peachy excepted; yet there are but few Rich Men 
 that live here. Sometimes Ships that come hither 
 load Hides and Tallow, if they cannot fraight 
 
 Cacao. But the chiefeft place for Hides is a T 
 lying on a Branch of this River, that comes outa 
 League below the Breaft-work, where Spanifh Baths 
 ufually lade once a year; but I can give no further 
 account of it. Four Leagues beyond Vi//a de Moje} 
 further up the River; lies) E/fapo, inhabited p 
 with Spantards, but:moft Indians, as generally the 
 Towns in this Country are: it’s faid to be pretty 
 rich; {tands clofe ‘by the River, on the South fide, 
 and is fo built between two Creeks, that thee | 
 ith 
 
 I 
 
 but one Avenue. leading to it; and fo well guard 
 : with 
 
od Captaim Hewet’s Attempt. / yay 
 with a Breaft-work, that Captain Hewet a Privateer, n.1676,. 
 who had under him near 200 Men, was there re-w7 WY 
 | pulfed, lofing many of them, and himfelf wounded 
 ‘in the Leg. In his way thitherhe took Vi//a de Mo/e, 
 and left a Party there to fecure his Retreat. If he. 
 _ had taken Effapo, he defigned to pafs on to Halpa, 
 aRich Town, three Leagues farther up the River, 
 and from thence to vilit Tacatalpo, lying 3 or 4 
 Leagues beyond, which is accounted the wealthieft 
 | ofthe three: the Spaniards call it Tacaralpo de Si- 
 - erra: whether to diftinguifh it from another Town 
 | of that name, or to denote its nearnefs to the Moun- 
 tains, I know not. “Tis the beft Town on this River, 
 | having three Churches, and feveral Rich Merchants; 
 and between it and Vi//a de Mofe are many large 
 (Cacao Walks on each fide the River. 
 _ T have feen a fort of white Cacao brought from 
 | hence, which I never met with any where elfe. Ir 
 is of the fame bignefS and colour on the outfide, and 
 | with fuch a thin husky Coat as the other; but the 
 inner fubftanceis white, like fine Flower ; and when 
 | the outward Coat is broken, it crumbles-as a. lump 
 | of Flower doth. Thofe that frequent the Bay eall it 
 | Spuma, and affirm that it is much ufed by the Spa- 
 niards of thole parts, to make their Chocolate froth, 
 who therefore fet a great value on it. Burt I never 
 et met with any in Exg/and that knew itjexcept the 
 Right Honourable the Earl of Carbery,, who was 
 ‘pleafed to tell me he had feen of it. 
 . The Land on the South fide of the River is low 
 Savannahs ot Pafture: The fide where the Town of 
 Villa de Mofe. ftands, is a fort of grey fandy .Earth; 
 and the whole Country, the Upland I mean, feems 
 to be much the fame: But-the Low-land.is of a black 
 deep Mould; and in fome places very ftrong.Clay ; 
 and there is not a Stone to be found in all the Coun- 
 tty. The healthy dry Land is very Woody, except 
 where inhabited or planted. It is pretty thick Pnied 
 an wit 
 
 
 
An. 1676. with Indian Towns, who have all a Padre or 
 WYNY among them, and a Cacique or Governour to | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Small Bees. 
 
 the Peace. The Cucao Tree thrives here very well 
 but the Nuts are fmaller than the Coraccus Nuts, 
 yet Oyly and Fat whilft New. They are not plant 
 ed near theSea, as they are on the Coat of Caracems, 
 but at leaft 8 or 10 Milesup in the Country. The 
 Cacao-walks belong chiefly to the Spaniards; and 
 are only planted and drefs’d by Indians, hired for 
 
 chiefeft of their time. Some Employ themfelves 
 to fearch in the Woods for Bees that build in hok 
 low Trees: and get a good livelihood by their Hong 
 and Wax. ‘Thefé are of two forts: One pretty 
 large; the other no bigger, but longer, than anok 
 dinary black Fly: in other refpe&ts, juft like ot 
 common Bees; only of a darker colour. The 
 Stings are not {trong enough to enter a Man’s Skiff 
 _ but if difturbed, they will fly atone as furioully a 
 the great Bees; and will tickle, but cannot huit 
 you. Their Honey is white and clear; and the 
 make a greatdeal of it. The Indians keep of them 
 tame, and cut hollow Trunks for them to make 
 ‘their Combsin. They place one end of the Log 
 (which is faw’d very even) on a Board, leaving: 
 hole for the Bees to creep in at: and the uppet 
 end is covered with a Board put clofé over if 
 The young and lufty Indians (fuch as want bo 
 loyment) hire themfélves to the Spaniards. They 
 ork cheap, and are commonly paid in fuch Goods 
 
 as the Spaniards do not value. And I have beet 
 told, that they are obligedto Work for their Ma 
 fters, oneday in a Week, gratis: But whether this 
 Priviledge belongs only to the Padres, or to the 
 Laity alfo, I know ‘not. The Indians inhabiting 
 thefe Villages, live like Gentlemen in Comparifom 
 OL 
 
 
 

 
 Indiaé Drink, 
 
 ~Campeachy or Merida : for there even the Poorer and 
 
 Raically fort of People, that are not able to hire 
 | one of thefe poor Creatures, will by violence drag 
 _ them to do their Drudgery for nothing, after they 
 have work’d allday for their Mafters: nay, they 
 eften take them out of the Market from their 
  Bufinefs; or at leaft enjoyn them to come to their 
 _ Houfés when their Market is ended: and they dare 
 - not refufetodo it. 
 
 
 
 Crops of Maiz ; ‘which is their chiefeft Subfitt. 
 nce. After it is boil’d they bruife it on fucha Rub- 
 _ bing-ftone as Chocolate is grownd on. Some of it 
 they make-into {mall thin Cakes, called Tartitioes. 
 | The reft they put into a Jar till it grows fowr; and 
 _ when they are thirfty, mix ahandtul of it ina Cal- 
 labafh of Water, which gives it a fharp pleafant 
 afte, then ftreining it througha large Callabafh 
 _ prick’d full of fmall Holes to keep out the Husks, 
 they drink it off If theytreat a Friend with this 
 Drink, they mix a little Honey with it; for their 
 _ Ability reaches no higher: And this is as.accepta- 
 Ble to them as a Glaf§ of Wine tous. If they 
 ttavel for two or three Days from Home, they 
 fome of this Grown’d Maiz in a Plantain 
 Leaf; and a Callabafh at their Girdles to make their 
 drink, and take no farther care for Vittuals, till they 
 / come Home again. This is called Pofole : And 
 | i the Englifh Poorfowl. tis fo much efteemed 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | by the Indians, that they ate never without fome 
 
 it in their Houfes. 
 
 _ Another -way of Preparing their Drink, is to 
 
 | Patch the Maiz, and then grind it to Powder 
 
 | On the Rubbing-ftone, putting a little Avarta to 
 
 it; which grows in their Plantations; and is ufed 
 by them for ne ones purpofe, They mix ir all 
 
 h. 
 
 Q 
 
 with 
 
 __ This Country is very fruitful; yielding pleutifut | 
 
 113 
 
 of thofé that are near any great Town, fuch as 4n. 1676, 
 
tte 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘An. 1676 -with Water, and prefently drink | it off withe it 
 ev~s ftraining. 
 
 “Pofole. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Indian Gavnients, Mertiager — 
 
 In long Journeys: ‘they prefer this Drink tf ) 
 
 They feed abundance of Turkies, Ducks and Du 
 hill Fowls, of which the Padre has an exat] 
 count ; and is very ftri€t in gathering his Tith 
 and they dare not kill any except they have his ea 
 for it. 
 
 They plant Cotton alfo for their Cloathing. 7 
 Men wear only a fhort Jacket and Breeches. ee 
 with a Palmeto-Leaf Hat is their Swmdays Drefs, 
 for they have neither Stockings nor Shoes; Ter 
 ther do they wear thefe Jackets on Week’ D 
 The Women have a Cotton-Peticoat, and a la 
 Frock down to their Knees: the Sleeves to te ! 
 Wrifts, but not gathered. The Bofom is open 
 the Breaft, and Imbroidered with black or red $i 
 or Grogram Yarn, two Inches broad on each fide the 
 Breaft, and clear round the Neck. In. this @ 
 with their Hair tyd up ina Knot behind, ! 
 think themfelvesextream fine. 4 
 
 The Men are obliged by the Padres (as It 
 been inform’d) to Marry when they are Foutil 
 Years old, and the Women when Twelve : Andi 
 that Age. they -are not provided, the Prieft y 
 chufe a Virgin for the Man (or a Man for the’ 
 gin) of equal Birth and Fortune; and joynd i 
 together. 
 
 The Spaniards give feveral Reafons for hist 
 pofition, Viz. That it preferves them from] 
 bauchery, and makes them Induftrious.—_—_ T 
 it brings them to pay Taxes, both to the King: 
 Church; for as foon as they are Married they j 
 to both. —_—— And'that it keeps them from fa 
 bling out of their own Parifh, and feeling i 
 another, which would by fo much leffen the Fe 
 
Churches and Houfes. 115 
 
 _‘dres Profit. They love each other very well; ard An. 1676. 
 live comfortably by the fweat of their Brows. : 
 They build good large Houfes, and inhabit al- 
 together in Towns. The fide Walls are Mud or 
 
 - Watling, plaifter’d on the infide ; and thatch’d © 
 
 with Palm or Palmeto Leaves. nM 
 
 __ The Churches are large, built much higher than 
 
 the Common Houfes, and covered with Pantile: 
 and within adorned with Coarfe Pi€tures and I- 
 ‘mages of Saints; which are all painted tauny like 
 ‘the Indians themfelves. Befides. thefe- Ornaments, 
 
 _ there are kept in theChurches Pipes,Hautboys,Drums, 
 
 ~ Vizards and Perruques fortheir Recreation at folemn 
 Times ; for they have little or no Sport or Pa- 
 
  ftime but in Common, and that only upon Saints 
 
 Days, and the Nights enfuing. 
 
 _ The Padres that ferve here, muft learn the Indi- 
 
 an Language before they can have a Benefice. 
 
 As for their Tithes and other Incoms, Mr. Gage, 
 
 (an Englifh Man) hath given a large Account of 
 
 them in his Survey of the Wefi Indies. But how- 
 
 | > this I will add of my own knowledge, that 
 
 they are very dutiful to their Priefts ; obferving 
 
  punctually their Orders : and behave themfelves very 
 
 - Gircumfpectly and reverently in their Prefence. 
 
 __ They are generally well fhaped , of a middle 
 fize , ftreight and clean Limb’d. The Men more 
 
 pare, the Women plump and fat, their Faces 
 
 ~ ate round and flat , their Foreheads low , their Eyes 
 
 little, their Nofés of a middle fize, fomewhat 
 
 ~ Rattifh: full Lips, pretty full but little Mouths: white 
 
 ‘Teeth, and their Colour of a dark tauny, like other 
 Indians. They fleep in Hammacks made with {mall 
 
 Cords likea Net, faftned at each end to a Poft. 
 Their Furniture is but mean, Viz. Earthen Pots to 
 
 boil their Maiz in, and abundance of Callabafhes. 
 They are a very harmlefs fort of People ; kind to 
 
 pi On 2 any 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 | 
 
 
 
 GHAI 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. VL 
 
 ‘The River of Checapeque: The River of Doé 
 
 
 
 
 
 Boccas. The Towns up the Gountry. Halpo. 
 Their Trade. Old Hats, 2 good Commodity. 
 A fad Accident in Hunting. ‘Tondelo Kiver. 
 Musketos troublefom on this Coaft.Guafickwal 
 
 River. Teguantapeque River. Few Gold 
 
 : Mines ou all this part of the Sea-Coaft. 
 
 Teguantapeque Town, Keyhooca and its Ca- 
 cao-Trade. Vinellos. Alvarado ever; and 
 its Branches. its Fort, Town and Trade. Cod 
 
 } Pepper. La VeraCruz. The Fort of St. John 
 
 d’Ullloa: he Barra la Venta Fleet; and 
 
 | theiy Navigation about the Weft India Coaft. 
 _ The Town of Tifpo. Panuk River and Town. 
  Lagune and Town of Tompeque. Huniago 
 
 Ifland. Iss Trade in Shrimps. The Author's 
 return to Logwood-Gutting at Trift. Captain 
 Gibbs &il’d there by fome Indians he 
 
 brought from New-England. The Author's 
 
 _ fetting out to Jamaica and return for Eng- 
 | land. ae 
 
 44 Indians inhabiting about the River of Toba/co , 
 HI come next to defcribe the Weftern Coalt of 
 this Bay, with its Rivers and other moft re- 
 
 | H™= given the Reader an Account of the 
 
 Mtarkable Particulars. en Tobafco River to the 
 
 h 3 River 
 
 a ae eae Se ee ee a ee A ee Oe ee ee ftrhait.o Craw 
 
TERE as eee Tuas 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 118 Checapeque River. 
 An. 1676. River Checapeque is 7 Leagues. The Coatt lies ] 
 Y™ and Weft; all woody low Ground, fandy Ba 
 
 and good Anchoring ,; but there falls ina preg 
 high Sea on the fhore, therefore but bad Landin, 
 yet Canoas may with care run in, if the Men ap 
 ready to leap out, as foon as fhe touches fhe 
 Ground; and then fhe muft immediately be dra 
 up out of the Surf. And the fame caution and df 
 terity is to be ufed when they go off again. Thete 
 is no frefh Water between Tobafco River a 
 _ Checapeque. This latter is rather a ialt Creek d 
 a River; for the Mouth of it is not above 20 Pz 
 wide, and about 8 or 9 Foot Water on the Ba 
 but within there is 12 or 13 Foot at low Wat 
 and good Riding for Barks, half a Mile with 
 the Mouth. ' 
 This Creek runs in E. S. E. about two Miles, afd 
 then firikes away South up into the Country. Atif 
 Mouth between it and the Sea isa bare fandy Po 
 of Land. Where, on the fidenext the River, cl 
 by’ the Brink of it (and no where <elfe) you my 
 {crape up the Sand (which is courfe and broy 
 with your Hands, and get frefh Water; butify 
 dig lower the Water will be falt. Half'a Mile with 
 the Mouth, when you are paft the fandy Point, f 
 Land is wet and fwampy, bearing only Mangra 
 oneach fide for 4 or 5 Leaguesup; . and: after @ 
 firm Land : where you will find-a Run of frefh ¥ 
 ter, it being all falt till you come thither. @ 
 eague beyond this is a Beet Eftantion or Farm 
 Cattle, belonging to an Indian Village. In the Wot 
 on each fide this River there are plenty of Guano 
 Land-Turtle, and abundance of Quamsand Corre 
 with fome Parrots; and there is no Settlement neafet 
 than the Beef Eftantion: nor any thing elfe® 
 markable in this River that] know. ss 
 A League Weft from Checapeque there is anothiet 
 fall River called Dos Bocegs, ’tis only fit for Ce 
 | fF cha an 
 
 Bhi 
 a 
 L 
 
 
 
Se ee ey ed eee Oe Ie ee ” 
 “4 es STAY ges ees tes Tee ee st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Indian Carriers. 119 
 to enter : Ithas a Bar atits Mouth, and there-4. 1679. - 
 is fomewhat dangerous. Yet the Privateers girs 
 e light of it, for they will govern a Canoa 
 ery ingenioufly. However Captain Rives aud Cap- 
 fin Hewet, two Privateers, loft feveral Men here 
 iicoming out; for there had been a North, which 
 “fad raifed the Bar, and in going out moft of their 
 anoas were over-fet, and fome Men drowned. 
 ’ This River wlll not float a Canoa above a 
 eague within its Mouth, and fo far is falt: but 
 here you meet with a fine clear Stream of frefh | 
 Nater, about a League up in the Country : and be- 
 ond this are fair Savannahs of long Grafs, fenced 
 n with Ridges of as rich Landas any in the World. 
 Phe Mold {uch as is formerly defcribed; all plain 
 ind level, even to the Hills of ’Chiapo. 
 There are no Indian Towns within 4 or 5 Leagues 
 f the Sea, but further off they are pretty thick , 
 ying within a-League, 2 of 3 one of another: 
 Ha/po is the chiefeft. : 
 a The Indians make ufe of no more Land than 
 erves to maintain their Families in Maiz; and to 
 bay their Taxes: And therefore between the Towns 
 it lies uncultivated... 
 In all this Country they rear abundance of Poul- 
 ty, Viz. Turkies, Ducks and Dunghil Fowls: but 
 ome of them have Cacao-Walks. The Cacao of © 
 thefe Parts is moft of it fent to. Vil/ade Mofe, and 
 hip’d off there. Some of it is fold to Carriers 
 “What travail with Mules, coming hither commonly in 
 Nov. or Dec. and ftaying till Febr. or March. They 
 lye a Fortnight at a time in a Village to difpofe of 
 their Goods; which are commonly Hatchets , Ma- 
 Cheats, Axes, Hoes, Knives, Cizars, Needles, Thread, 
 Silk for fowing, Womens Frocks; {mall Looking- 
 pBlaffes, Beads, Silver or Copper Rings wafh’d with, 
 Gold, fet with GlafS inftead of Stones, fmall Pi- 
 tures of Saints, and fich like Toys for the Indians : 
 
\Y. ££. Seo eee 
 Sa Pe eRe, Pe a es) 
 
 120 ‘St Anns. Tondelo. . 
 ‘An. 1675. And for the Spaniards, Linnen and Woollen Cloa: ths 
 er Silks, Stockings, and old Hats new drefs‘d, w Lick 
 
 arc here very valuable, and worn by tholé of the 
 beft Quality ; fo that an old Englifh Beaver thus 
 oidered, would be worth 20 Dollars ; fo much ig 
 Trade wanted here in this Country. When he has 
 fold off his Goods, he is generally paid in Cacag 
 which he carries to La Vera Guz. ; 
 From Dos Boccas to the River Palmas is 4 Leagues, 
 low Land and fandy Bay between. a 
 From Palmas to the Halover is 2 Leagues. = 
 The Halover is a fall Neck of Land, parting 
 the Sea froma large Lagune. It is f0 call’d by 
 the Privateers, becaufe they ufé to drag their Ge 
 noas in and out there ae 
 From the Ha/over toSt. Azns is 6 Leagues. 
 St. Azms isa Mouth that opens the Lagune be 
 fore-mentioned: there is not above 6 or 7 Foot Wate 
 yet Barks often go in there to Careen. ; 
 From St. Anns to Tondelo is 5 Leagues. The Cos 
 fill Weft: the Landlow, and fandy Bay againft the 
 Sea:a little within which are pretty high Sane 
 Banks, cloathed with prickly Bufhes, fuch as 
 have already defcribed at Beef-Ifland. - 
 ‘ Againft the Sea near the Weft end 
 within the Sand Bank, the Land is lower again ; th 
 ~ Woods not very high, and fome fpots of Savannals, 
 with plenty of fat Bullocks ; In Hunting of which 
 a Frenchman unhappily loft his Life. For his Com 
 . pany being flragled from him to find Game, I 
 unluckily met a Bests of Cattle flying from. the 
 in the Woods, which were fo thick that there wai 
 no paffing but in thefe very narrow Paths thatthe 
 Cattle themfelves had made; fo that not being 
 to get out of their way ; the foremoft of the Drot 
 thruft his Horns into his Back and carried him a 10¢ 
 Paces into the Savannah, where he fell down with 
 his Guts trailing on theGround,. . ow. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guafickwalp. 131i 
 The River Tonde/oe is but narrow, yet capable to sy. 1676. 
 receive Barks of 50 or 60 Tuns: there is a Bar at wy 
 the Entrance, and the Channel crooked. On the 
 Wek fide of the Bar there is a {pit of Sand fhoots 
 out; therefore to avoid it at your coming in, you 
 mu{t keep the Eaft fide aboard, but when once en- 
 -tred, you may run up for two or three Leagues; on | 
 the Eaft fidea quarter of a Mile within the Mouth, 
 ‘you may lie fecure : but all this Coaft, and efpeci- 
 ally this River, intolerably fwarms with Musketoes, 
 that there is no fleeping for them. 
 _ About 4 or 5 Leagues from the Mouth this River 
 is fordable, and there the Road crofles it; where 
 _ two French Canoas that lay in this River intercepted 
 the Caravan of Mules laden with Cacao, that was 
 teturning to La Vera Guz; taking away as much as 
 - they could carry with them. 
 __ From Tondeloe River, to the River of Gua/fickwalp, 
 _is $ Leagues more, the Coaft ftill Weft; all along 
 fandy Bay and fand-Hills, as between Sz. Aus and 
 Londeloe; only towards the Weft part the Bank is 
 lower, and the Trees higher. This is one of the 
 Principal Rivers of this Coaft :’tis not half the breadth 
 of the Tobafco River, but deeper. Its Bar is lefS 
 _ dangerous than any on this Coaft, having 14 foot 
 Water on it, and but little Sea. Within the Bar 
 ‘there is much more, and foft Oafie ground. The 
 ‘Banks on both fides are low. The Eaft fide is woody, 
 -and: the Weft fide Savannah. Here are fome 
 Cattle; but fince it has been frequented by Priva- 
 ‘teers, the Spaniards have driven moft of their Bul- 
 locks from hence farther into the Country. This Ri- 
 j ver hath its rife near the South Sea, and is Navigable 
 }a great way into Land; efpecially with Boats 
 Mor imal] Barks. i s=sun: : 
 _. The River Teguantapeque, that fallsinto the South 
 } Seas, hath its Origine near the Head of Guafickwalp ; 
 | and it is reported that the firft Naval Stores aa es 
 Beri: 3: aeons : nila 
 
 
 
 
 es hos! ow ‘ 
 
VS es ee A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1227 Keyhooca. 3 
 Am 1676. Manila Ships were fent through the Country from 
 wy~y the North to the South Seas, by the conveniency 
 
 of thefe two Rivers, whofe Heads are not above 
 
 ao or 12 Leagues afunder. I heard this difcourfed 
 
 by the Privateers long before I vifited the South 
 
 Seas; and they feemed fometimes minded to ty 
 
 their: Fortunes this way : fuppofing (as many do 
 
 ftill) that the South Sea fhore is nothing but Gold 
 
 and Silver. But how grofly they are miftaken, ] 
 
 have fatishied the World already. And for this part 
 
 of the Country, though it is rich in Land, yet it 
 
 has’ not the leaft appearance of any Mine, neither 
 
 is it thick inhabited with Spaniards: And if I am 
 
 : not deceived, the very Indians in the heart of the 
 , Country, are {caree their Friends. | 
 ‘The Town of note on the S.Sea,is Tegwantapeque’ 
 
 and on the N. Seas Keybooca is the chiefeft near thi 
 
 River. Befides thefe two, the Country is only in 
 
 habited by Indians’; therefore it is wholly unfit 
 
 quented by . Shipping. | 
 
 ' Keybooca is a large rich Town of good Trade 
 about 4-Leagues from the River Guafickwalp, ¢ 
 the Weit fide. It is inhabited with fome few Sp 
 niards and abundance of Mulatoes. Thefe kee 
 many Mules, they being moft Carriers, and fit 
 quently vifit the’ Cacao Coaft for Nuts ; and trave 
 the Country between Villa-de Mofe and La Ve 
 CABO. 2. 2007 yi ttle 4 
 . This Country is pleafant enough in the dry Seafon 
 but when the furious North Winds rage on th 
 Coaft, and violently drive in the Sea, it fuffers 4 
 treamly, being fo much overflown, that there ¢ 
 no travelling. It'was in the wet Seafon when Cap 
 Rives and Capt. Hewet made an Expedition in @ 
 noas from the Ifland T7i/tto the River’ Guafickwal] 
 and there Landed their Men, defigning to attad 
 Keybooca ; but the Country was fo wet that thete 
 was no Marching, neither was the Water hi 
 REGO Fe enou 
 
 Poe 
 
 a rey 
 
 2) 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alvarado River. 
 
 | Vinellos. te toates 
 
 From the River Guafickwalp the Land runs Weft 
 _ 2 or3 Leagues, all low Land with fandy Bay to the 
 | Sea, and very woody in the Country. About three 
 | Leagues tothe Weft of it the Land trends away to 
 _ the North for about 16 Leagues; rifing higher alfo 
 4 even from the very fhore,as you go up within Land ; 
 _ making a very high Promontory called St. Martins 
 Land ;, but ending ina pretty bluff Point; which 
 ‘isthe Weft Bounds of the Bay of Campeachy. 
 
 | From this: blunt Point to Alvarado is about 20 
 | Leagues; the firft four of it-a high rocky fhore, 
 ' with fteep Cliffs tothe Sea; and the Land fome- 
 what woody. Afterwards you pafs by very high 
 _ Sand-hills by theSea ; and.an extraordinary great 
 
 | from Landing. Within the Sand-hills again the 
 | Land is lower, pretty plain and fruitful enough in 
 ) large Trees. 
 
 _ The River of Alvarado is above a Mile over at 
 | the Mouth, yet the entrance is but fhole, there be- 
 
 'ing Sands for near two Mile off the fhore, clear 
 
 | from fide to fide, neverthelefS there are two Chan- 
 I nels through thefe Sands. The beft, which is in 
 the middle, has 12 or 14 Foot Water. The Land 
 'on each fide of the Mouth is high Szand-banks, 
 above 200 Foot high. © | 
 
 This River comes out of the Country in three 
 Branches, meeting altogether juft within the Mouth, 
 Where it-is very wide and deep. One of thefe 
 ‘Branches comes irom the Eaftward:Another from the 
 Weftward. And the third, which is the true River 
 of Alvarado and the biggeft, comes direttly out of 
 ‘the Country, oppofite to the Sand-hills, about a 
 ‘Mile Weft of the Rivers Mouth... This laft fprings 
 a great way from the Sea, pafling through a very 
 Jertile Country, thick fettled with Towns of Spa- 
 Be Aly aie ie niards 
 
 "Sea falls in on the fhore, which hinders’ any Boats 
 
 rt SY on oa 
 q 
 4 
 
 enough for a Canoa. Here are great plenty of 4p. 1676. 
 
PAT) Ce ee. aT iF oS tee AS Oy ES a a Se RT We Be cy > Se eae oe 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 124, Alvarado River and Goaft: ; 
 4n.1677+ niards and Indians. On the Weft fide ; and jufta 
 1 the Mouth of the River, the Spaniards have® 
 
 Fort of 6 Guns, on the declivity of the Sand. 
 agreat heighth above the River; which comm 
 a {mall Spaxi/hb Town onthe Back of it, built 
 Plain clofe by the River. Itis a great Fi 
 chiefly for Snooks, which they cateh in the 
 and when they are falted and dryed, drivea 
 Tradein Exchanging them for Salt and other 
 modities. Befides falt Fifh, they export from 
 abundance of dry Cod-Pepper, and fome pi 
 and put in Jars. . This Pepper is known b 
 Name of Guinea Pepper. Yet for all this Trade 
 "tis but a poor Place, and yet has been often taken 
 by the Privateers, chiefly to fecure their Ships 
 while they fhould go up intheir Canoas to the rich 
 Towns within Land, which notwithftanding they 
 never yet attempted, by reafon that La Vera Gig 
 bordering {0 near, they were ftill afraid of being 
 attacqued both by Sea and Land from thence, and 
 fo never durft profécute their, defigns on the Cou 
 try Towns. ; 
 
 Six Leagues Weft from A/varado there is anoth 
 large Opening out into the Sea ; and it is reported 
 to Eafe a Communication by a fmall Creek with 
 
 this River of A/varado ; and that Canoas may pals” 
 through it from one River to the other. And at this 
 Opening is a fall Fifhing Village. The Land 
 .the Sea isa continued high Sand-bank, and fo Wo 
 lent a Sea, that it is impofhible to Land with Boat 
 or Canoa. a 
 From this River to La Vera Guz is 6 Leagues 
 mote, the Coaft ftill Weft. There isa Riff of Rocks 
 tuns along the fhore from A/varado to Vera Cris, 
 yet a good Channel for fmall Veflels to pafS be 
 tween itand the fhore. And about two Leagues td 
 the Eaft of Vera Cruz are two Iflands called 
 erifice Iffands. \ have fet down the diftance between, 
 Ree: .* 3 Alvarado 
 
 ei 
 wee 
 
 
 

 
 " La Vera Cruz. 
 ‘Abvarado and La Vera Guz, according to the Gom- 
 ‘mon Account Of 12 Leagues, which I take to be 
 truer, but our Draughts make it 24. The Land by 
 the Sea is much thefame. : 
  LaVera Cruz is a fair Town feated in the very 
 “bottom of the Bay of Mexico, at the S. W. Point 
 or Corner of the Bay; for fo far the Land runs 
 Wet ; and there it turns about to the North. There 
 isa good Harbour before it, made by a {mall Ifland, 
 or Rock rather, juft in its Mouth ; which makes 
 it very Commodious. Here the Spaniards have 
 built a ftrong Fort, which commands the Harbour ; 
 and there are great Jron Rings fix’d in the Fort-Wall 
 again{t the Harbour for Ships to faften their Ca- 
 bles. For the North Winds blow {0 violently 
 here in their Seasons that Ships are not fafe at An- 
 
 ors, 
 
 - This Fortis called Sz. John dUlloa ; and the Spa- 
 Miards do frequently call the Town of Vera Cruz by 
 this Name. 
 
 - The Town is a Place of great Trade; being the 
 Sea-Port to the City of Mexico, and moft of the 
 great Towns and Cities in this Kingdom. So that 
 all the European Commodities, {pent in thefe Parts, 
 are Landed here, and their Goods brought hither 
 and Exported from hence. Add to this, that all 
 ‘the Treafure brought from Mania, in the Eaft 
 Indies comes hither through the Country from Ac- 
 Capulca, 
 BS Flota comes hither every three Years from 
 Old Spain ; and befides Goods of the Product of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Indies and fhip’d aboard them : The King’s Plate 
 that is gathered in this Kingdom; together with 
 ‘What belongs to the Merchants, amounts to a 
 ‘Watt Summ. Here alfo comes every Year the Barra- 
 Taventa Fleet in Offober or November, and ftays till 
 March, This is'a finall Sguadyon, confifting of 
 
 125 
 
 pm 
 
 the Country ; and what is brought from the Eaft — 
 

 
 
 
 116 — 
 — - n.1676. 
 
 Ce ae ee ee Pease Oe re bis fee OL ek 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Barralaventa Fleet: | * 
 ot 7 Sail of ftout Ships, from 20 to 50 Guns. Thef 
 are ordered to vifit all the Spanifh Sea-Port ‘Towm 
 once every Year; chiefly to hinder Foreigners fron 
 Trading ,; and to fuppreis Privateers. From this Pon 
 they go tothe Havana on the North fide of Ga 
 to fell their Commodities. —————_ From hente 
 they pafs through the Gulph of Horde ; ftanding 
 fo farto the North as to be ont of the Trade 
 Winds,which are commonly between 30d. and 40 
 of Lat. and being ina variable Winds-way they 
 ftretch away to the Eaftwards till they may fetch 
 Portarica, if they have Bufinefs there ; if not, they 
 keep ftill to the Eaftward till they come toT7zmidaila, 
 an Ifland near the Main, inhabited by the Spaniards, 
 and the moft Eaftern part of any Confequence in & 
 North Seas.The Barralaventa Fleet touches there fifth 
 and from thence fails to theMargarita,a confiderabl 
 Spanifh Iland near the Main. From thence th 
 Coaft down to Comana and La Guiary, and pafli 
 by the Coaft of Carraccus, they fail towards t 
 Gulph of Mericaia, from thence they double G 
 La Vell, and fo downto Rio La Hacha, St.Mari 
 and Carthagena. If they meet with any Englifh: 
 Dutch Trading-floops, they chafe and take them, @ 
 they are not too nimble for them: the Privatees 
 keep out of their way, having always Intelligen 
 where they are. q 
 
 From Cartbagena they fail to Portobelo , and from 
 thence to Campeachy: and laftly, to La Vera Cra 
 And this is- their: Annual Navigation about the 
 Weft Indian Coatt. i D 
 
 La Vera Cruz was taken by the Privateers, abo 
 the Year 85. under the conduttof one Fob Rafh 
 an old Logwood-Cutter that had formerly bee 
 taken by the Spaniards and fent to Mexico; whet 
 learning Spanifb, he by that means efcaped to L 
 Vera Cruz, and being releafed ftom thence, heal 
 terwatds managed thisExpedition. . sl 
 
ta a Ls Aw eS oe ae ‘* ee eh Se eS Neda) eas 
 
 
 
 Tifpo, Panuk. eae 
 ~ From hence to Old Vera Guz is 5 Leagues. This An. 1677 
 was the firft Town of that Name; but wanting a ws: 
 ‘good Harbour there, it was removed to the place 
 where it now ftands. 
 ~ From OldVera Cruz to Tifpo is about 15 Leagues; 
 ‘the Coaft lies N.and $. T7/po is a pretty handfom 
 “finall Town, built clofe by the Sea, and watered 
 
 with a little Rivulet, but wanting a Harbour, ’tis 
 deftitute of any Maritime-Trade. | 
 ~ From T7/po to the River Panukis about 20 Leagues; 
 The Coaft lies N. and S. neareft; ’tis a large River 
 defcending out of the very Bowels of the Country, 
 and running Eaft, falls into the Gulph of Mexico, in 
 Lat. about 21—s50 m. It has 10 or 11 Foot Water 
 /Onthe Bar, and is often vifited with Barks that 
 fail up it, as far as the City Panwk; lying diftant 
 ftom the Sea about 20 Leagues; and is the princi- 
 
 Pal of this Country, being a Bifhops See. There 
 “ate two Churches, one Convent and a Chapel ; 
 and about 500 Families of Spaniards, Mulatoes and 
 Indians. The Houfes are large and ftrong ; with 
 “Stone VValls ,; and they are thatched with Pa/meto 
 | Leaves. : : 
 /? One Branch of this River comes out of the La- 
 
 7 
 ati 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘ 
 
 pre of Tompeque, and mixes with this, three 
 Leagues before it falls into the Sez. Therefore ’tis 
 fometimes called the River of Tompeque. The La- 
 gune of Tompeque lieson the South fide of the Ri- 
 Ver, and breeds abundance of Fith, efpecially 
 Shrimps. There is a Town of the fame Name, 
 built on its Banks, whofe Inhabitants are moft Fi- 
 ‘fhermen. Beyond this Lagune there is another 
 large one, wherein is an Ifland and Town, 
 famed Haziago; its Inhabitants moft Fifhermen, 
 “Whofe chief employment is to take Shrimps. Thee 
 they boil with WVater and Salt, in great Coppers 
 for the purpofe; and having dryed them after- . 
 Watdsin the Suz, they are made up’ in Packs oe 
 eo | ent 
 
 
 
 
7 
 
 128 . Alvarado Town: 4 
 a 1576u fent to all the chief Towns in the Country, efped- 
 wvwrwwally to Mexico, where, tho’ buta hungry fore 
 3 Food, they are mightily efteemed. a 
 The Account | have given of the Campeachy 
 Rivers, &c. was the refult of the particular Obfer. 
 vations | made in crufing about that Coaft, i 
 which I {pent 11 or 12 Months. ' For when the vio: 
 ‘lent Storm, before-mentioned took us, I was ut 
 juft fettling to VVork, and not having a ftock of 
 VVood to purchafe fich Provifion as was fent from 
 Famaica, as the old Standardshad; 1 with mam 
 more in my citcumftances, was forced to range 
 about to feek a fubfiftance in Company of fome 
 Privateers then inthe Bay. In which rambles we vift 
 ted all the Rivers, from I7i/? to Alvarado; ant 
 made many Defcents into the Country among the 
 Villages there, where we got Indian Corn to at 
 i with the Beef, and other Flefh that we got by the 
 | way, or Manatee and Turtle, which was ali 
 great fupport to us. a 
 ! _ Alvarado was the VVeftermoft place I was at 
 : Thither we went in two Barks with 30 Men in each, 
 and had 10 or 11 Men kill’d and defperately wound 
 ed in taking the Fort, being four or five Hours en 
 gagd in that Service, in whichtime. the Inhabitants 
 having plenty of Boats and Canoas, carried al 
 their Riches and beft Moveablesaway. It wasafter 
 Sun-fet before the Fort yielded, and growing datk, 
 we could not purfue them, but refted quietly that 
 Night; the next Day we kill’d, falted and fent aboand 
 200r 30 Beefs, and a good quantity of falt-fith, and 
 Indian Corn, as much as we could itow away. He 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 were. but few Hogs, and thofé eat very fifhy 
 therefore we did not much efteem them : but df 
 Cocks, Hens and Ducks were fent aboard in abun 
 dance. The tame Parrots we found here were the 
 largeft and faireft Birds of thetr kind that I evel 
 faw in the Weft Indies. Their colour was yell 
 an 
 
 
 

 
 
 7 " Exne Parrots. A Sea Fighi, 
 ‘and red, very courfly mixt; and-they would prate 
 very prettily ; and there was {carcea Man but what 
 - fént aboard one or two of them: So that with Pros 
 wifion, Chefts, Hencoops and Parrot-Cages, our 
 Ships were full of Lumber, with which we intended 
 to fail : but the fecond day after we took the Fort, 
 having hada Wefterly Wind all the Morning, with 
 Rain, 7 Armadilloes that were fent ftom Le Vera 
 Guz appeared in fight, within a Mile of the Bars, 
 coming inwith full fail ,; but they could fcarce ftem 
 
 the Current of the River, which was very welk 
 
 for us: for we were not a little furprized. Yet we 
 wot under fail, in order to meet them; and clears 
 ing our Decks by heaving all the Lumber over 
 “Board, we drove out over the Bar, before thep 
 Weach’d it : but they being to Wind-ward, forced ug 
 4 exchange a few fhot with them. Their Admiral 
 was called the Toro. She had 10 Guns and 100 Men 3 
 “another had 4 Guns and 80 Men: the reft having 
 “fo great Guns, had only 60 or 70 Men a-piece, 
 ‘armed with Muskets, and the Veflels barricadoed 
 ‘ound with Bull-hides Breaft-high. We had not 
 ‘above 50 Menin both Ships; 6 Guns in one and two 
 Be other. Affoon as we were over the Bar, we 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘pot our Larboard-Tacks aboard and ftood to the 
 | Baftward, asnigh the Wind as we could lye. The 
 Spaniards came away quartering on us; and our 
 Bhip being the Head-moft, the Toro camedireGtly to+ 
 Wards us, defigning to Board us, We kept firing at 
 “fer, in hopesto have lamed either Maft o:Yard s 
 but failing, juftas fhe was {hearing aboard, we 
 ‘Pave hera good Volley, and prefently-clap’d the 
 ‘elm a Weather, wore our Ship, and got our Star 
 board Tacks aboard, and ftood to the Weftward< 
 “and fo left the Toro, but were faluted by all tha 
 ‘final! Ctraft as we paft by them, who ftood to the 
 Eaftward, after the Loro, that was now in purfuit 
 and clofe by our ies We ftood to the gar 
 i De) i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ee a A 
 
 
 
 
 
 dry on all the Sandy-Bays on all this Coaft 
 
 it ftick fo firmly as Pitch, but isaptto peclat 
 
 the Eaft Lagune, where I remained till my Depe 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Munjack a fort of Pitch. . 
 till we were againft the Rivers Mouth, then we 
 tackt and by the help of the Current that came 
 of the River, we were neer a mile to Wind-ward ¢ 
 them all: then we made Sail to affift our Confort 
 who was hard put to it; but on our approach t 
 Teroedged away toward the fhore, as did all th 
 seft, and ftood away for Alvarado, and we, glad 
 the Deliverance, went away to the Eaftward, a 
 vifited all the Rivers in our return again to 
 And fearched the Bays for Mumjack to carry with 
 for the Ships ufe, as we had done before for the 
 bothof Ships and Canoa’s. 
 
 Munjack isa fort of Pitch or Bitumen whi 
 find in lumps, from. three or four pounds to 
 pounds in a lump ; wafhed up by the Sea, an 
 
 in fubftance like Pitch, but Blacker , it me 
 the heat of the San, and runs abroad as Pitch woul 
 do if expofed, as this is, onthe the Bays : Tk 
 finell of it is not fo pleafant as Pitch, neither dos 
 
 from the Seams or Ships Bottom; however wW 
 find it very ufeful here where we want Pitch 
 becaufe it is commonly mixed with Sand by 
 on the Bayes, we melt it and refine it veryy 
 before. we ufeit ; and commonly temper itm 
 Oyl or Tallow to corre&t it ; for though it m 
 the heat of the Sun, yet it is of a harfher mat 
 than Pitch. I did never find the like in any ot 
 part of the World, neither canItell from whet 
 it comes. : 
 
 And now the effe&ts of the lateStorm being alm ft 
 forgot, the Lagune Men fettled again to the am 
 ployments, and 1 among the reft fell to Work ll 
 
 “ture for Famaicas 
 
ee ag Te rn” ata 
 a oF is 
 «The profit of the Logmood-Trade. 13% | 
 I will only add as to this Logwood-Trade in ge- 
 neral, that I take it to be one of the moft profitable 
 to England, and it neareft refembles that of New. 
 foundland ; fince what arifes from both, is the pro- 
 “du& of bare Labour; and that the Perfons imploy- 
 
 ed herein are fupported by the produce of their 
 
 Native Country. | 
 Tris not my BufinefS to determine how far we \ 
 Might have a right of cutting Wood there, but this I 
 can fay, that the Spaniards never receive lefs Da- 
 
 mage from the Perfons who generally follow that 
 “Trade, than when they are imployed upon that 
 Work. | 
 
 While I was here the laft time, Capt. Gibbs arriv’d 
 ina Ship of about 100 Tuns, and brought with him 
 20 ftout New-England Indians that were taken in 
 the Wars there, defigning to have fold them at 
 
 Jamaica, but not finding a good Market, brought 
 them hither to cut Logwood, and hired one Mr. 
 
 Richard Dawkins to be their Overfeer, who carried 
 them to work at Svmmafenta: But it fo happened 
 that about a Week after, the Captain came thither 
 inhis Boat from Oxe-Bufh-Key where his Ship lay, 
 and the Overfeer having fome Butinefs, defired leave 
 
 tobe abfent for two or three days: But as foon 
 
 as he and the Seamen were gone, the Indians taking 
 their opportunity, killed the Capt. and marched off, 
 defigning to return to their own Country by Land:, 
 they were feen about a Month afterward, and one © 
 of them wastaken near the River ‘Londelo. 
 
 _ After I had fpent about ten or twelve Months at 
 the Logwood Trade, and was grown pretty well 
 “acquainted with the way of Traffick here; I left the 
 
 Imployment, yet with a defign to return hither at- 
 
 ter I had been in England; and accordingly went 
 ftom hence with Captain Chambers of London , 
 Dound to Fumaica. We failed from Trif the be- 
 
 ; ee P12 ginning 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 The Authors veturn to England. 
 ginning of April 1678. and arrived at Famaica} 
 May, where lremained a fmall time, and then 
 turned for Exg/and with Captain Loader of Londo 
 ‘Tarrived there the beginning of Avgu/t the fam 
 Year; and at the beginning of the following year, ] 
 det out again for Famaica, in order to have g0 
 thence to Campeachy , but it proved tobe a Voyg 
 round the World, of which the Publick has alreac 
 had an Account, in my former Volume, and the Fy 
 Part of this, Whe | | 4 
 
 es 
 
 
 
 
 
 
i Mae ee ee eee eee ee ee |) eee 
 (ji 
 
 ; 
 
 Be. 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 Capt, Dampter 
 
 DISCOU RSE | 
 
 OF THE 
 
 “‘Trade-Winds, Breezes, 
 Storms, Seafons of the 
 Year, Tides and Cur- 
 rents of the Torrip ~ 
 Z one throughout the 
 World. 
 
 i 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
+ 
 
 
 
 
 A Scheme of the following Treatife, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 True, or General at Sea. 2¢ 
 €Trade- F 
 winds, p.I. Conftant. 12 
 e Coafting Oblique points. 17; 
 Shifting oma points; Monfoons 
 | 4g Sea, 26, nthe E. Indies. 21. 
 | Breezes 4 General. 28. : 
 Peculiar to ( Summafenta-Winds. 43. 
 | fomeCoafts Cartagena-Breezes. 44- 
 Popogaios. 46- 
 ee jel 
 de + _{Terrenos, ¢ Coromandel. 47 
 | or hot 
 fy beoducie Winds of J Malabar. 48 
 particular 4 
 or near y | | Effeds; The Perfian 
 he Torrid Je Gulf, 43 
 Har matans or cold Terrenss. 
 L of Guinea. 49 
 TNorths. 60 
 In the and Chocolatta North 62. 
 Weft | Jamaica. 65 
 
 Campeachy. 66 
 St CAurricans of the Carribbe Iflands. 68 
 orms ands 
 
 their Pre- Taffoons. 71, 726 
 fages In the ecg 
 
 Eaft 
 
 indies Stormy Monfoons. 72 _ 
 
 . and Elephanta. 74 ~ 
 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 | | Indies Ibex? of 
 
 Seafons of the Year, Dry, Wet, Tornadoes, &c, 76. 
 ; 
 
 | 
 i 
 | Tides. 90. 
 
 pe : : 
 
 Currents. 100. 
 
 An Account of the Gountrey of Natal. 108. 
 
 lig 
 
 
 
 
 
 pe eS 
 
 
 

 
v 
 
 Place tt next 
 fo. Tabs 15 
 
 ol, Fohn 
 erhia ndo 
 
 ae / 
 
 bh Coafting Win 
 
 
 
 =F 
 
 taeoSO WEE O € EAANE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 As 
 
 eral 8 Coasting ERADE- Yinds in a 
 
 ( 
 
 
 
 2 Ger 
 
 View of th 
 
 that the Arrows 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 F 
 Note 
 
 
 
 
 
Ce ra 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tf 
 
 
 
Aa Vee of Coafting TR 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SS Helena = 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 Mr. Dampier’ Voyages. | 
 
 i Vol. IL. Pare ll: 
 
 
 
 A Difcourfe of Winds, Breezes, Stormis ; 
 Tides and Currents. 
 
 q Oi: A Beaks yin 
 4 Of the General Trade-Wind. 
 
 The Introduction. 
 
 fe (Of the General Trade-Wind at Sea. Of thé 
 best time of the Year to crofs the Equinottial. 
 | The Winds ear the Line commonly uncertain, 
 _ and attended with Galms and Tornadoes. A 
 Hee of the Winds blowing South near the 
 _ Line, an the Atlantick Sea. How Ships 
 _ bomeward-bound from thé Bite ef Guineas 
 | | fboald crofs the Line, Of the Trade-Wind 
 in the South Sea ; and in the Eaft Indian . 
 Ocean. 
 
 
 
 Shall reduce what I have to fayon this 
 Subject, to. fome. general Heads; beginning — 
 Ee the Trade-Winds, as being the moft 
 ~ remarkable. ; 
 _ Trade-Winds are fuch as do blow conftantly 
 
 rom one Point or Quarter of the Compaf, a 
 } 2a et 
 
 
 
 
 
-4s from about 30d. North, to 30 d. South of th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ieee S Leal 2) 5b Nan iia ies 
 
 
 
 2 Of the general Trade-Wind. 4 
 the Region of the World moft peculiar to them, 
 Equator. ,. 
 
 There are divers forts of thefe Winds; fome 
 blowing from Eaft to Weft, fome from South to 
 North, others from Weft to Eaft, €%c. Some are 
 conftant in one Quarter all the Year, fome bloy 
 one half the Year one way, and the other fix 
 Months quite contrary ; and others blow fix Months 
 one way, and then fhifting only eight or ten Points, 
 continue there fix Months more, and then retum 
 again to their former Stations, as.all thefe fhifting 
 Trade-Winds do ; and fo as the Year comes about 
 they alternately fucceed each other in their proper 
 Seafons. : 
 
 There are other forts, call’d Sea-Winds and Land 
 Winds, differing much trom any of the forme 
 the one blowing by Day, the other by Night, com 
 {tantly and regularly fucceeding each other. 
 
 Within the torrid Zone alfo are violent Storms, a 
 fierce, if not fiercer than any are in other Parts of 
 the World: And as to the Seafons of the Year, 
 can diftinguifh them there, no other way: than hj 
 Wer and Dry; and thefe wet and dry Seafons d 
 as fucceflively follow each other; as Winter and 
 Summer do with us. . ae 7 
 - Here are alfo ftrong Currents, fometimes fetting 
 ene way, fometimes another ; which though itt 
 hard to defcribe, with that Accuracy which is de 
 firable, yet | fhall give as particular an Account 
 them, as alfo of the feveral forts of Winds, as my 
 own Obfervations, and the -Judicious Informations 
 from others, will afford me Matter to-do, | 
 
 Of the General Trade Wind. 
 
 Of all Winds before:mentioned, I fhall endeavolt 
 to treat diftinttly ; tbeginning with the T7ue 1 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i Of the general Trade-Wind. 2 
 Wind firft, which I call the General Trade-Wind at 
 Sea; becaufe all other Trade-Winds, whether con- 
 ftant or fhifting, feem to have their dependance on 
 fome accidental Caufe ; whereas the Caufe of thefe, 
 be it what it will, feems uniform and conftant. 
 
 _ Thefe general Trade-Winds are only in the At- 
 Jantick Ocean which parts Africa from America, 
 in the Eaft Indian Ocean, and in the Great South- 
 Sea. 
 
 Inall thefe Seas, except juft under ot near the 
 Line, they conftantly blow without Intermiffion, 
 as well to the South, as to the North of the E- 
 quator, but not with equal force at all ‘Times, nor 
 in all Latitudes; Neither do thefe conftant Trade- 
 Winds ufually blow near the fhoar, but only in the 
 Ocean, at leaft 30 or 40 Leagues off at Sea, clear 
 from any Land ; efpecially on the Weft Coaft, or 
 fide of any Continent: For indeed on the Eatt fide, 
 the Eafterly Wind being the true Trade-Wind,blows 
 almoft home to the fhore; fo near as to receive a 
 check from the Land-Wind ; and oft-times to admit 
 of the Sea-Breez, by which it is drawn from its 
 “Courfe frequently 4 or 5 Points of the Compafs: 
 But of the Sea-Breez I fhall {peak in its place. In 
 fome Places, and particularly the South Seas, in 
 South Lat. the true Eaftern Trade is not found to 
 blow within 1500r near 200 Leagues of the Coaft, 
 but in North Lat. in thofe Seas, it comes within 
 30 or 40 Leagues diftance of the Shore: And this 
 “I fhall give asa general Rule, That in North Lat 
 thefe Winds are commonly a¢ E. N. E. in South 
 Flat. at E.S. E. 
 _ When we go ftom England, and ate bound to. 
 “the Eaft or Weft Indies, or to Guinea, we com- 
 “monly find thefe Winds in the Lat. of 30 d. fome- 
 _ times fooner, as in the Latitudes of 320r 35. And 
 it may fo happen that we may meet with an Eaft- 
 ; Maa 2 erly 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘. 
 q 
 ane 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 “4 Of the general TradeWind. 
 
 _ Cancer, and then comes to the E. N. E. where it 
 
 Be, Be. | ec ee ees Seige 
 
 ‘ where we had fair clear Weather: And fteering 
 
 ' Afcention, where we ftruck two Turtle, (for this 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 erly Wind in 40 d. or go out of our own Channel 
 with a North Eaft Wind ; which fometimes alfo 
 fails us not till we come into a true Trade-Wind; — 
 but this is only accidental, therefore is not the 
 Wind thatI fpeak of’; but between 32 and 28 Idid 
 never know nor hear, that the true Trade-Wind — 
 failed. pease : 
 If in coming from Exgland, we have a North 
 Eafterly Wind that brings us hither (7. ¢. into the” 
 true Trade-Wind) it fometimes ftays at North Eaff 
 efpecially if we keep near the African Shore, ag 
 Guinea Ships do, till we are near the Tropick of 
 
 fettles ; but commonly it fettles there in 28 d. if 
 we are fo far off Shore as to receive the true Trade 
 When the Wind is thus fettled, we havecommonl} 
 fair Weather, and a clear Sky, efpecially if the 
 Sun isin any Southern Sign ; but if in a Norther 
 Sign, the Weather is ufually. cloudy. | 
 
 On the contrary, when we are in South Lat. in 
 the Atlantick, if the Sun is in Northern Signs, 
 the Sky is clear, but if in Southern Signs the Sky 
 is cloudy. This I once experienced to my forrow, 
 in my return from Baztam, in the Year 1671. We 
 had cloudy Weather and brisk Winds, while we 
 were crofling the Eaft Indian Ocean; and hada 
 very good Paffage alfo about the Cape of good Hope: 
 
 from thence, for the Ifland St. He//ena, where we 
 thought to Water and Refrefh, as all our Enghfh 
 Eaf? India Ships do, we mift it for want of an OF 
 Sfervation. For before we came to the Tropick of 
 Capricorn, the Sky was again clouded, {0 that we 
 feldom faw the Sun or Stars, till we were quite 
 paft the Ifand. However, we found the Ifle of 
 
 was not the laying time, but the beginning of the 
 ae | Cooting 
 

 
 Of the general Trade.Wind. 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 only were drawn hither.) This was the latter end 
 of November. From the time that we thought our 
 felves to the Weft of St. He//ena, we had our VVa- 
 ter meafured out to us, 2 Pintsa Man per day, till 
 "we came into our Channel. ‘This was the firft time 
 that I began to know the value of frefh VVater ; 
 for we took in none in all our way home from Buy- 
 tam. But fo much for this Digreffion. 
 
 The VVinds, as I faid before, as we run to the 
 'Southward from England, do firft fettle in the 
 P that and 24 d. efpecially when the Sun is to the 
 Southward of the Line; but in May, Funeand Fly 
 you will find the VVinds at E. by S. or E. S. E. 
 
 _ Thefe VVinds, whether we meet them to the North 
 of the Eaft, or to the South of it, we find blowing 
 a moderate Gale from our firft meeting them in 30 
 
 » ona VVind, our lower Sails would be enough. 
 _ Thefe brisk Gales blow in the Atlantick Ocean, 
 and North of the Equator, from the Lat. of 23 to 
 
 12 or 14. conftantly, between the E. N.E. and the 
 
 E. But between 10 or 12 degrees and the Line, they 
 
 are not fo frefh nor conftant to that Point ; for in 
 
 do oft timesblow even to 11 d. or 12 d. of North 
 Lat. keeping between the S. S. E. and the 8.S. VV. 
 | or S. VV. but in December and ‘fanuary the true 
 | Trade blows within 3 d. or 4d. of the Equator. And 
 | “as the Sun returns again to the Northward, fo the 
 | Southerly VVinds do inereafe and draw more to the 
 Northward of the Line, till Fw/y, and then gradu- 
 | ally withdraw back again towards the Line : VVhen 
 | ‘the Sunis in Southern Signs, ’tis the beft time of the 
 | Year to crofs the Line, if bound to the Southward ; 
 4 Aaa 3 for 
 
 a 
 iN 
 
 Cooting or Ingendring Seafon ; therefore fome few 
 
 E.N. E. about the Lat. of 23d. or be fure between . 
 
 the Months of ¥u/y and Auguft, the South VVinds — 
 
 7 ae ee ee Vary 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 eee os 
 
 
 
 6 ‘ 
 
 ‘which at other times are between the S.S. E. and 
 
 ' Ship, by any unforefeen accident, fhould prove un 
 
 VVelterly we find the VVinds commonly atS.& 
 
 meh 
 
 a A ee a en 
 
 Of the general TradeWind, = 
 for befides the benefit of the true Trade, to bring 
 a Ship near the Line, the VVind is then more con 
 {tant and frefh, the VVeather clearer, and the VVind 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.5. VV. are now at S.E.or S.E. and by E. but 
 in our Summer Months we find nothing but Calm 
 aid Tornadoes ; and tho’ Tornadoes do ufually rif 
 again{t the fettled VVind ; yet but few Commandets 
 will endeavour to take the Advantage of the VVindi 
 that come from them, but rather furl their Topfails, 
 hall up their Corfes, and lye ftill till the guft of Wind 
 is pait, except necefflity requires hafte; for thele 
 fudden Tornadoes do not continue long ; and befides 
 often very violent and fierce, fo that a Ship with 
 her fails loofe, would be in danger to be over-fet by 
 them, or at leaft lofe Mafts or Yards, or have tht 
 ‘ails fplit ; befides the Confternation that ail Met 
 muft needs be in at fuch a time, efpecially if the 
 
 rly, as by the miftake of the Man at Helm, or he 
 that Conns, or by her broaching too againft all 
 endeavours, which often happens when a fetce gull 
 comes; which though it does not laft long, ye 
 would do much damage ina fhort time; and the 
 all things fhould fall out well, yet the benefit of if 
 would not compenfate the danger: For *tis muchif 
 a Ship fails a Mile before either the VVind dye 
 wholly away, or at leaft fhifts about again to th 
 South. Nor are we fure that thefe VVinds will 
 continue 3 Minutes before they fhift,; and fome 
 times they fly round fafter than the Ship will, tho 
 the Helm lies for it ; and all Seamen know the dat 
 ger of being takena back in fich VVeather. j 
 ~ But what has been {poken of the Southerly VVinds 
 Calms, and Tornadoes is to be underftood of the 
 Eaft fide of the Atlantick to as far WVeft as the 
 Longitude of 359d. or thereabouts; for farther 
 
 Ny 
 oa 
 
 cae 
 a 
 
 i i 
 
 7 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | Of the general Trade-Wind, 4 
 even in crofling the Line, and a very brisk gale, ’tis 
 for that reafon our experienced Guinea Comiman- 
 ders do keep to the Southward of the Line, tilt 
 they are about that Longitude. Some run over nearer 
 the American Shore before they crofs the Line ; 
 > Our Eaft India Commanders do alfo crofs the Line, 
 ‘coming ftom India near the American Coaft, and 
 ‘find brisk Gales at S. E. all the times of the Year ; 
 ‘but going to the Indies, they fteer away South , 
 ) ftom the Ifland St. ¥ago, where. they commonly 
 VVater and meet the Winds in that Longitude. But 
 -of this enough. 
 __ The Winds near the Line in the Indian Ocean and 
 South Sea are different from this, yet there the 
 Winds are alfo Southerly and therefore different 
 
 ' uncertain, and oftentimes there are perfett Calms, or 
 _ at leaft very {mall Winds and fome Tornadoes in the 
 » Eaft Indian Sea. Mn the South Seas, near and under 
 the Line, the Winds are at South 130 Leagues off 
 _ from the Shoar, but how farther off I know not ; 
 _ there the Winds are but fmall, yet conftant, and 
 | the Weather clear from March till September , bat 
 _ about Chriftmas there are Tornadoes; yet in both 
 | the Eaft IndianSea, and the South Sea , the VVinds 
 ' near or under the Line, are often at South ; yet 
 ’ thefeé Winds do not blow above 2 or 3 d. to the 
 - North or South of the Line, except near fome Land; 
 but in the Atlantick Sea, as Ihave faid before, the 
 ' South and South Weft Winds do fometimes blow 
 » even to 10 or 12 d. North of the Line. And for the 
 ' South Winds to blow conftantly near the Line in 
 ' the Atlantick, between Cape Verd in Africa, and C. 
 « Bhincoin Brazil, is no wonderful thing, if a Man 
 _ will but confider thofe Promontories that {hoot’ out _ 
 _ from the Continents on each fide the Sea, one on 
 the North, the other on the South fide of the Equa- 
 b Aaa 4 tor, 
 
 
 
 
 
RSE GEES Re NY oD A | eee eo aes. Te 
 
 ae Sie 
 
 _ it were, between the Land and the Line, is feldom 
 
 frican Promontory and the American, it ister from: 
 
 Channel, before they tack again, for fear of meeting — 
 — with the foaking Current on the Weft, or Calms 
 
 oh (ied aceite CARS 
 
 
 
 By ale Of the general Trade-Wind, = 
 tor, leaving but a fmall {pace clear, for the VVinds 
 to blow in; where ‘there is always a pretty bri 
 Gale, efpecially on the American fide. And as wi 
 2 or 3d. of the Equator, it is moft fubje& 
 Calms ‘and Tornadoes and finall faint Breezes in 
 other Seas not pend up as this is. So’ this Sea; except 
 juft in the very opening between both Promontories, 
 is much more fubje€t to it than any other, efpecially 
 on the Eaft fide : that is ftom the Bite: or the Inland 
 corner of the Coaft of Guimed to 28 or 30 d.diftance — 
 VVeft:But this feems not to be altogether the effets 
 of the Line, but owing partly to the nearnefS of the 
 Land to the Line, which fhoots out from the Bite 
 of Guinea, even to Cape St. Anns, almoft in a par 
 tallel with the Equator (allowing for the Bays a 
 bendings) and this is 23 or 24 d. of Longitude, and 
 not above 80 Leagues from the Line in fome Places: 
 So that this part of-the Sea, between the Coaft.of 
 Guinea, and the Line or 2d. South of it lying, as 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 free ftom bad VVeather ; efpecially from April to 
 September ; but when the Sunis withdrawn towards 
 the Tropick of Capricorn, then there is fomething 
 better VVeather there. sa ses F 
 - And in the Sea under the Line between the A- 
 
 Tornadoes and Calms, and more fubjeGt to fair 
 VVeather and fiefh Breezes. Therefore both our 
 Englifh and Dutch Eaft India Ships, when outward: 
 bound, endeavour-to CrofS the Line as near‘as they 
 can in the mid Channel, between both Promon 
 tories, and although they meet the VVinds: fome- 
 times at S.S.E. or at S.S. W. or farther Eafterly” 
 or Wefterly ; yet will they not run above a degree. 
 to the Eaft, or a degree to the Weft of the mid ~ 
 
 on the Eaft fide; either of which would be alike - 
 prejudicial to their Cowmfe.. 4S The 
 
7 Of the general Trade-Wind. 9 
 _ The Portuguife in their Voyages to Brazil, take 
 the fame method, and get to the South of the Line 
 before they fall in with the Land, for fear of fal- 
 ling to leward of Cope St. Auguftine, for there are 
 fo many things which make that a difficult Cape to 
 pafs, that hardly any Man would try to do it, but at 
 a diftance. oe 
 ~ But our Guinea Ships do generally pafs on to 
 ‘their Ports on the Coaft of Guinea, at any time 
 ‘of the Year, without ufing fuch methods ; becaufe 
 ‘their BufinefS lyes moftly on the North of the Line, 
 ‘where they always find a fair Wefterly Wind. But in. 
 ‘their returns from thence, they crof$ the Line, and 
 run 3 or4d. to the Southward of it, where the 
 ‘meet the Wind between the S.S. E. and the 5. S. W. 
 ‘and a brisk gale; with this Wind, they run away in 
 the fame parrallel 35 or 36 d. before they crofs the 
 ‘Line again to the Northward, which is about mid- 
 way between the Extreams of both Promontories ; 
 ‘there they finda brisk gale, which carries them to 
 ‘the Weft Indies, or where they pleafe. Some run 
 Weft 40 d. before they crofs the Line, and find {trong 
 Gales, whereas {hould they come from O/d Cal/abar, 
 ‘or any other Place in the Bite, onthe North of the 
 ‘Line, and fteer away Weft, thinking to gain their 
 ‘Paflage the fooner, becaufe it is the neareft way, 
 ‘they would doubtlefs be miftaken, as many Men 
 have been: For if they keep near the Line, they. 
 ‘meet with great Calms;, and if they keep near the 
 ‘Land, they megt with Wefterly Winds ; and ifthey 
 keep inthe middle between both, they muft of ne- 
 “ceflity meet with both Inconveniencies, as alfo with 
 ‘Tornadoes, efpecially in May, June, Fuly and Au. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 L4T. 
 
 a By which means fome Ships, if they go any of 
 thefe three ways now cautioned againft, {pend more 
 time in going from the Bite to Cape Verd, than ano- 
 ther Ship will do if it crofS the Line in the right 
 “ MRR i's Mrmemy Wels s 
 
 Dae + ~ 4 q 
 
 
 
ed Be EAR Le tee a errs ee 
 
 ‘ i ead aes nisin hn ih ai 
 
 10 if the general Trade-Wind. = 
 Places before mentioned, in going to the Barbadbes. 
 Sometimes unexperienced Guinea Mafiers in ej 
 return from thence, after they have crof¥d the Ling 
 from N. to S. and are in a fair way to gain a fpeedy 
 Paffage, will be fo obftinate in their Opinions, after 
 they haverun 26,28 or 30d. Weft from O/d Callahap 
 (with a fair Wind) to fteer away W. by N. or W, 
 N. W. it being the dire€teft Courfe they can fteer 
 for Barbadoes, then they muft of neceffity keep within 
 a degree of the Line, while they are running 2 or 300 
 Leagues,which may prove to be a long time in doing, 
 ‘becaufé of the uncertainty of the Winds near the 
 quator;therefore they that crofs it near the middle} 
 tween both Promontories,or near the American Coalt 
 when they are minded to fall away to the North 
 _ ward, fteer away N.W.or N.W.by N.and fo deprefs of 
 raifé a degree in running 28 Leagues at moft ; there 
 fore (which is beft) they are but a fhort time neg 
 the Equator: And befides, in thuscroffing it in th 
 middle between both Promontories, they feldom 
 mifs of a Wind : for the Wind in thefe Seas has no 
 other Paffage, but between thefe two Promonto. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ries. : 
 What I have faid already on this Head, has been 
 chiefly of the Ar/antick,and of that too moftly about 
 the Line, becaufe it is the moft difficult Place to 
 pafs in going to the Southward. In other Seas, a 
 in the Eaft Indian. Sea, and the Great South Sta 
 there is no fuch difficulty to paf$ any way, becautl 
 there is Searoomenough, without coming into fuch 
 Inconveniencies, as we meet with in the Atlantick; 
 and as to the Winds between the Line and the Tro 
 picks, in the Eajt Indian Sea and the South Sea, 
 _ they are in their Latitudes, as I faid before, viz. 
 South Latitude, at E.S.E. and in North Lat. at 
 E. N. E. blowing conftantly fiefh Breezes, efpecially 
 in the South Seas, even from within a degree or two 
 of the Line, on each fide to the Tropick, to 30 
 coi 
 
 pS 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j Of the general Trade-Wind. 1K 
 | degrees of Lat. And this I may truly fay, That 
 neither the Atlantick nor the Eaft Indian Seas have 
 | the true Trade-Winds fo conftant nor brisk at all 
 ‘times of the Year, andin all Latitudes, as they are 
 here. For being once got into the Trade, I mean 
 without the verge of the coafting Trade-Wind, it 
 ‘blows a very brisk gale all over the Ocean. Capt. 
 ‘Eaton experienced this in failing fromthe Galapagos 
 Iflands to the Ladrones, \n the latter end of. the 
 Year 1685. VVe had the like experience, failing from 
 Cape Corientes to Guamthe Year after (as appears 
 ‘by my Journal of that Run, in my Voyage round 
 the World. Chap. 10. Pag. 185.) And as for the Wind 
 ‘to the Southward of the Line, I had great Experience 
 ‘of it in my ramble there with Capt. Shearp , and 
 fince that Capt. Davis, in his return out of the South 
 ‘Sea, had greater experience, becaufe he took his 
 ‘departure from the Gul/lapagos Mlands alfo, and 
 fteering W.S. W. from thence, till he met the True 
 Trade at E. S. E. he fteered dire&tly South, clear from 
 the Line, till he got to the Southward of the Tropick 
 of Capricorn, and fo quite without the Trade. 
 _ In the Eaff Indian Sea, between the Lat. of 30 d. 
 “and. 4 degrees South of the Equator, the true Breez 
 bisat E.S.E. or S.E. by E. yet not fo conftant nor 
 “brisk as in the South Seas; befides that part of it 
 ' which lyes to the Northward of the Line, has not 
 'fuch a conftant fteady Breez, but is more fubjeCt to 
 Calms, andnear the fhoar to fhifting Winds, accor- 
 ding to the Seafons of the Year, . 
 
 CHAP. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cre ACP. 1, 
 
 Of the conftant crafting Trade- Winds. 
 
 A Parallel of the South Part of Africa and Pen 
 The Trade-Winds blow with an acute Angles mM 
 any Goaft, The Winds about Angola and m th 
 South Seas alike ; as alfo at Mexico and G i 
 
 ‘nea. The Winds shift not in fome Places 
 Sand blown from the Shoay about Cape Blane 
 in Guinea. An Account of the Trade-Wint 
 from thence to Cape Lopos. 
 
 HE Trade-Winds which blow on_ af 
 
 F Coaft , are either Conftant or Shit 
 ines: : 
 
 The Coalts that are fubjeft to conftant Trade 
 Winds, are, the South Coaft of Africa and Pert, 
 and part of the Coaft of Mexico, and part @ 
 Guinea. 
 The South part of Africa and Peru, ate in ote 
 
 - Lat. both Coafts trending North and South , both on 
 the Weft fide of their Continents ; both in South 
 Lat. and tho’ they do not lye exattly parallel, by 
 Reafon of fome Capes or Bendings in the Land, yet 
 are the Winds much alike on both Coafts, all the 
 Year long. ~ | 
 On the Coaft of Angola the Winds are betweel 
 the S. W.andS.. And on the Coaft of Perz,’ 
 reckon them between the S.S.W. and S.S.E. Bu 
 this the Readet muft take notice of, That the Trade 
 Winds that blow on any Coaft, except the North 
 Coaft of Africa, whetaer they are conftant, > ae 
 ow 
 
Sal lad 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 blow all the Year, or whether they are fhifting 
 Winds, do never blow right in on the Shoar, nor 
 fight along Shoar; but go flanting, making an 
 
 accute Angle of about 22.degrees. Therefore as the 
 
 North or South on thefe Coafts, fo the Winds do 
 alter accordingly ; as for example, Wherethe Land 
 lies N. and S. the Wind would be at $.5. W. but 
 where the Land lies. $.W. the Trade would be at 
 ». W. But if the Land lyesS. S. E. then the Wind 
 would be at South. This is fuppofed of Coafts 
 dying on the Weft fide of any Continent, and on the 
 South fide of the Equator, as the two Coafts of 
 Africa and Perz are; but the North part of .A- 
 frica has the Trade blowing off from the fhoar, two 
 or three Points. 
 
 ' Thefe Southerly Winds do blow conftantly all the 
 Year long, on both the Coafts of Peru and Africa ; 
 they are brisk, and blow farther off from the Coafts 
 than any fhifting Winds. 
 
 | On the Coaft of Peru, thefe Winds blow 140 
 or 150 Leagues off Shore, before you can perceive. 
 em to alter ; But then as you run farther off, fo 
 the Wind will come about more Eafterly, and at 
 about 200 Leagues diftance it fettlesat E.S. E. which 
 isthe true Trade. 
 
 ' Between Azgo/a and Brazil the Winds are much 
 as they are in the South Seas, on the Weft fide of 
 the Peruvian Coaft; only near the Line, within 
 4 degrees of it, inSouth Lat. the Wind holdsin the 
 5.S.W. or S. W. for 28 or 30 d. of Longitude, and fo 
 it may in the fame Lat. in the South Seas, for ought 
 Tknow; for it was atSouth, as far as any of us 
 Were, which was near 200 Leagues. 
 
 ' As the Coaftsof Peru and Ango/a have their con- 
 {tant Trade-Winds, fo has the Coaft of Mexico and 
 Guinea. And asthe Coaft of Peru lies Nerth and 
 outh , fo thofe lye neareft Eaft and ae 
 ccot- 
 
 Of the tonftans coafting TradeWinds, 13 
 
 UE a bo isin Die 
 
 Lands trends more Eafterly or Wefterly ftom the ° 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 34. Of the conftant coafting Trade-Winds, 
 Accotding to the Courfé of the general 
 the Winds fhould be Eafterly on thefe Coafts ; but 
 here we meet with the quite contrary , for ftom the 
 Lat. of tod. North to 26 d. North on the Coaf 
 of Mexico, the Winds are conftantly near the Weft 
 on all the Coaft, except check’d fometimes with Tor. 
 nadoes, which do commonly rife againft the Wind 
 the fame is obferved on the Coaft of Angola ; whete 
 there are Tornadoes alfo;, But the Coaft of Peruis 
 not fubjeét to any, yet on that Coaft there are fome. 
 times Calms two or three days together off of the 
 Bay of dAvica, between the Lat. of 16 and 23. | 
 the Lat. of 19 you fhall have Calms 30 or 40 
 Leagues off Shore, but not fo far on either fide the 
 Bay, neither are fiich Calms ufuial on the Coaftsof 
 Angola and Mexico only after a Tornado, as is cont 
 mon in other Places. E 
 
 As the Coafts of Angola and Peru, do in mof 
 things run parallel each with other ; fo do the Coaft 
 of Mexico and Guinea: Andif lam not miftaker 
 the Winds on both thefe Coafts are much alike, 
 Both thefe Coafts do begin at the Bite or Bending of 
 the Land, where the other two Parallel Lands do 
 end; for as the Mexican Continent begins at or neg 
 Panama, which is 8 or 9 degrees North of the Equé 
 tor ; fo that part of Guinea, which I fpeak of, be 
 gins about O/d Callabar, in about 4 or 5 degrees of 
 North Lat. “a 
 
 The Land trends away Wefterly fiom both 
 thefe Places fome hundreds of Leagues ; ami 
 though not on one Point of the Compafs, becaufeot 
 the {mall Points, Bays and Bending in the Land, ye 
 the Winds that on more regular Shores, keep thei 
 conftant Courfe, and blow in upon the Shore, about 
 two Points trom the Sea, do alfo here on the Gi 
 zea Coaft, blow on theShore from the Weft Qua 
 ter, and as the Land lies Pointing in on the Shore, 
 even from Cape Mount to Old Calabar, i is 
 
 above 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of the conftant coafting Trade-Winds. 15 
 
 hove 400 Leagues; and that with fuch conftancy 
 that the Eaft part of that Coaft is called the Lee- 
 ward Coaf? ; and the Weft part the Wind-ward Coaft ; 
 And yet this is fo contrary to the general Opinion of 
 Seamen, concerning the Courfe of the Winds, that 
 othing but their own experience will convince them 
 of the ‘Truth of it ; for thus they generally reafon ; 
 Barbardoes is the Eafter-moft of the Carribe Iflands, 
 therefore the reft are faid to be to Leeward of it, 
 and foof any other Ifland ; as indeed it ufually holds 
 fue, becaufe the Winds there are commonly at 
 Faft ; but this Counter Wind on the Coaft of Guz- 
 mea af{tonifhes moft Seamen that have {een nothing 
 like what they meet with here. There are other 
 Coafts where the Winds fhift very little as on the 
 Coaft of Carraccos, and the South fide of the 
 Bay of Mexico, 7. é. inthe Bay of Compechy, and 
 all the Carribe Iflands. Indeed there may be fome- 
 times fome fmall flurts of a Wefterly Wind on 
 thefe Coafts, but neither conftant, certain nor la- 
 
 fting. 
 . Bad indeed this was the great ftumbling Block 
 that we met with in running from the Gadlapagos 
 I/ands for the Mfland Cocos, mentioned in my former 
 Book, Chap. 5. Pag. 111. 
 
 | But that part of Africa, which lies between 
 Cape Verd in 14d. North, and Cape Bayedore in 
 7. has commonly Northerly Winds; or between 
 the N. and N. E. very frefh gales; therefore our 
 winea Ships, bound to Guinea, ftrive to keep near 
 that Shore,and oft times make the Capes: And being 
 to the Southward of Cape Blanco, which lyes in 
 Lat. about 21. they are fometimes fo troubled. with 
 the Sand, which the Wind brings off Shore, that 
 they are fcarce ableto fee one another: Their Decks 
 are all ftrewed with it, and their Sails all red, as 
 aif they were tann’d, with the Sand that fticks to 
 them, it being of a reddifh colour. 
 
 | From 
 
iii: 2.) iia 
 5 ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 Of the conftant eoafting Trade-Winds, 
 From Cape Verd to Cape St. Anns which is 
 about 6 degrees North, the Trade is between t a 
 E. and S. E. from Cape St. Anns to Cape Palmas 
 in about 4 d. North, the Trade is at S: W. 
 Cape Palmas to the Bite of Guinea, which is at 
 bending of the Coaft, the Wind is at W.S.W. 
 this bending the Land begins to turn about to 
 South ; and from thence to Cape Lopos, 
 as to the South of the Line, the Trade is 
 S. W. as it ison all that Coaft, even to 30 de 
 grees South. ae? & 
 This laft Account I had from Mr. Camby, who has 
 made many Voyages to Guinea. | 
 
 = i 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 BWA Peolll. 
 E Of the coajting Trade-Winds that rift. 
 
 Wihe Goals where ‘the Winds fhift. Of the 
 ©) Winds between Gratia de Dios, and Cape 
 © La Vela. Of thofe on thé Goaft of Brazil : 
 ) At Panama : About Natal: And Cape Co- 
  rientes; And the Red-Sed: Erom the Gulph 
 ) of Perfia to Cape Comorin. Of the Mon- 
 p foons in India: heer Benefit for - faring 
 
 } 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ ferviceable for the fame purpofe. By what 
 | belps long Voyages are made in an open 
 ved. 
 
 WA ELE Coafts. where the Winds do uftally 
 
 { fhift, are fome in the Weft Indies, as that 
 
 h -&. part of the Coaft between Cape Gratia. 
 Me Dios, and Cape La Véla chiefly : The Coaft of 
 tazil , the Bay of Panama in the South Seas, and 
 Nall the Coaft of the Eajt Indies, even from thé 
 iver Natal, which is in thé Lat. of 30 4. South, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ope, to the North Eaft Parts of Chia, compre- 
 mding all the Bays between. The Iflands alfo have 
 sir Annual changes; Of all thefe I fhall trea 
 their order, beginning firft with that Coaft which 
 ss between Cape Gratia de Dios and Cape La 
 fla: And | the rather begin with this part firlt, be- 
 Hfaufe this part of the Weft Indies is all that is fub- 
 
 from Place to Place. Sea and Land Breezes 
 
 hn the Eaft fide of Africa, beyond the Cape of good . 
 
 ect to change ; neither is the change altogether — 
 
 - 
 
a ee Cet 
 \ 
 
 18 
 
 Of the coafting Trade-Winds, &c. 
 fo orderly, or certain as the Monfoones in the Eaf 
 Indies =~ ot the fhifting Winds~on the Coaft ¢ 
 Brazil. ; a 
 The Common Trade-Wind on this Coaft ish 
 tween the N. E. and the Eaft; This Trade blows 
 conftantly from March till November, but is oft 
 check’d with Tornadoes in the Months of MM 
 Fune, Fuly and Auguft, efpecially between the Ti 
 ver of Darien and Coftarica, but to Wind-wale 
 there is a more férene Airjand a brisker Wind: Frog 
 Odober till’ March there are Wefterly Winds, mig 
 conftant, nor violent, but blowing moderately fomy 
 times 2 or 3 Days or a Week ; and then the Brag 
 may blow again as long. Thefé Winds are moftig 
 December and Fanuary, before and after thefe ty 
 Months the Trade-Wind is only check’d a Dayi 
 two near the full or change of the Moons; @ 
 when the Wefterly Winds blow longeft. and {ta 
 geft_ onthe Coaft, the Eafterly Trade-Wind blo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 off at Sea, as at other times. Near Cape La Velat 
 true Trade blows within 8 or 10 Leagues of the 
 Shore, when the Wefterly Winds blow on the Coal 
 except ina ftrong North, which turns the Tia 
 ‘Wind. back, and on the Coffarica , and between 
 and the River Darien the Wefterly Winds, ast 
 are more frequent and lafting, than towards Cape 
 Vela, fo alfo they blow farther off at Sea, as iol 
 times as far as to 20 or 30 Leagues from# 
 Shore. . 
 _ Therefore Ships bound to Windward, if tf 
 have far to go, either take the opportunity of @ 
 Wefterly Wind-Seafon, or elfe go through the Gd 
 of Florida, and ftretch away to the North, tilt 
 get into a variable Winds way, and then run tou 
 Eaftward as far as they think convenient before tl 
 fixetch to the Southward again. All that are boul 
 from the Weft Indies to Guinea moutt take this cou 
 if they fail ftom Jamaica (becaufe they muft pa 
 
 
 
4 Of the coafling Trade-Winds, &c. 
 
 ‘thro’ the Gulph of Frid) but from other Iflands 
 they may firetch away direCtly to the North, and 
 ‘ule the {ame method. 
 
 _ But if Ships have only a fmall way to Sail to 
 Wind-ward, they make ufe of the Sea and Land 
 ig » making no account of the time of the 
 Year. : 
 
 _ The Winds on the Coaft of Brazil, ate from Sep- 
 tember till March at E. N.E. and from March till 
 September again they are at South. 
 
 ' The Winds in the Bay of Panama ate frorn Sep: 
 
 tember till March Eafterly, and ftom March till Sep: 
 ‘ember again they ate at. andS.S. W. 
 
 ~ From the Cape of good Hope Eaftwards, as far as 
 the River Natal, which lies in 30d. South Latitude, 
 ‘and Cape Corientes in Lat. of 24 degrees South, the 
 Winds fiom May to Ofober axe conttantly from the 
 Welt to the North Weft, within 30 Leagues of the 
 hore : They blow hardeft at North Weft. When 
 he Wind comes to the North Welt, it iscommonly 
 lormy and tempeftous Weather, attended with much 
 ‘ain, and then the Weather is cold and chilly. 
 tom Offober till March the Winds are Eafterly ; 
 tom the E. N. E. tothe E.S. £. you have then very 
 air Weather: The E. N. E. Winds are pretty ftefh, 
 mt the Winds at E. S.E. are fmall and faint, fome- 
 times affording fome drops of Rain. 
 
 ~ From Cape Corientes to the RedSea, ftom Offo- 
 4 till the middle of Fanuary the Winds are vari- 
 able, but moft times Northerly, and oft fhifting 
 ‘Tound the Compafs: The ftrongeft Winds are at 
 North; thefe are often very violent and ftormy, and 
 “accompanied with much Rain, and thus it blows 
 “about the Ifland of Madagafcar and the adjacent 
 Wands. 
 
 '. Thefe ftorms are commonly preceded by a great 
 9a out of the North. From January till May the 
 ‘Winds are.at N. E, or N.N.E. fine trefh gales and 
 = B bb 2 fair 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ’ , 
 e i 
 \n 
 
 19 
 
 
 
[ee oS ieee ee ee A ey eee eee Pe Se ee SP 
 . r Cee . 
 
 ae a ee ee Cet. Sant ewe! Pear een ee epee Ot Same 
 
 Ppa ic oe aL lh a es 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of the coajting Trade-Winds, &. 
 fair Weather. From” May till.Ofober the Wink 
 are Southerly, in Fuly, Auguft and September the 
 are great Calms in the Bay of Pate and Melemde 
 anda ftrong Curtént fetting into the Bay: There 
 foye-Ships that have occafion to pafs this.way in the 
 three Months, ovght to keep at leaft 100. Leagi 
 fiom the Coaft to avoid being driven by the Curteit 
 into the Bay , for thefe Calms do fometimes Tit 
 6 Weeks, yet off at Sea, at the diftance of 1 
 Leagues the Winds are'trefh at South. Atti 
 entrance into the Red-Sea near Cape Guardefuer th 
 are commonly very -hard gales and turbulent Wi 
 ther, even when the Calms are fo great in the} 
 of Melende, and not above ro or 12 Leagues at 
 from the faid Cape, there is alfo very fair Weat 
 and pretty frefh Gales. * =i ; 
 “In the RedSea from May till Ofober; the 
 are {trong at S. W. and the Current fetting out ftrdi 
 fo that there is no entring into that Sea. in tht 
 Months; except you keep clofe tothe South Shot 
 theré you-have Land-Winds, and an eddy Curtei 
 In the:Months of September or Olfeber, the W 
 fhuffles about to the North, and at laft fettles 
 N.E. then comes fair Weather on this Coaft; 
 fo continues till the Mon/oon fhifts, which is in 
 griLor May , thenit firlt takes one flurry at 
 
 end t1cm~ thence veers to the Eaft, and fo abot 
 the South, and there it fettles: © 3 3! ; 
 -- The Account of this Coaft from the Cape of gi 
 ‘Hope hither, | had from Capt. Regers. : 
 And as this hither-moft part ot the Eaft In 
 even from the Cape of good Hope to'the Rea 
 which Coaft lies neareft N.E. and S. W. hati 
 thifting. Seafons,. fo the other Parts of Izdie, 1 
 the Gulph of Persia to Cape Comorin, has itst 
 “fiant Annual change, and trom Comorim, clear 10umh 
 the Bay of Bengal, the’ change is no leis; 
 Leven from thence, .thtough the Srreights of 
 
 
 
Say ENS TR a Re RE HS Bieter ES OEE OL A Tha Oe TTR eee 
 
 of fis So cooing Toade Wind: 
 a,-and Eaftwards as far as’ Fapan, the nifiae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y as the Year comes about. 
 
 | Bays where’ the Land lies on’ feveral Rombs,. the 
 Winds mutt alter accordingly. Though ‘that: ‘Rule 
 does not hold altogether true in Bays that are-deep, 
 
 es near alike; ‘allowing for Points of Land and 
 nall Coves, which make no alteration: But on 
 
 e Bay of Bengall, the Bay of Siam, &c. the Wind 
 ffers much on’one fide of the Bay from what it 
 es on-the other; and both ‘fides differ from the 
 n{tant Trade on the open Coaft ;- yet all thift in 
 e thifting Seafons, ‘which are April’ and September 
 ‘one and the. fame time, to their oppofite Points : 
 
 Sa little alteration from that general Rule. © 90) 
 /Thefe fhifting Winds in the Eat Indies, a 
 
 allied Monfoons ;' - one is called the Eaft Aono 
 other the Weft Monfoon.° "The batt Monfoon: 
 iS in about Seprember and blows till, Apri/y then: 
 afeth, and the Weft shh takes ‘place and Howe 
 
 ’/Seafons'flanting in on the Coalt,> as is before’ 
 ibed : The Eaft Afon/oon' brings: ‘fait Weathers: 
 > Welt brings Tornadoes and Rain. For, (as 1 
 d before inthe firft Chap. of the General Trade- 
 nd-at Sea) when the Sun comes fo the ‘North of 
 
 the Tropicks,' are troubled with Clouds and Rain, 
 
 bb 3 clear. 
 
 de Winds do: ‘alternately ficceed each: othier “as 
 “It cannot be fippofed' that the ‘Trade'Wind in all 
 efe Places, {hould be exaétly’ on one Point-of the 
 ompaé : For I have’ already fhown, that’ thefe’ 
 
 Trade-Winds on any Coaft do commonly blow flan# 
 ne in on the Shore about 2 or? Points; therefore’ 
 
 but is chiefly meant for a pretty ftreight Coaft, which. 
 
 € fides and in the bottom of large Bays, fuch as. - 
 
 mean on the open Coalt, for in tome Bays there : 
 
 PES as on. 5 ee 
 é ” 
 Ni 
 
 e Line themall- Places North of the’ Equator, with. _ 
 
 hen the Sun is in Southern Signs thentheSky is : 
 B 
 
 et i i vim 8 
 
 wae 
 
time in South Lat. is accompanied with fair Wet 
 
 rave ras ee eae eee 
 
 Of the coafting Trade-Winds,&c. 
 clear, And as moft of the Trading Countries in the 
 Eaft Indies, efpecially thofe on the main Conti 
 do lye between the Line and the Tropick of Can 
 So thefe Countries are. all fubje&t to the Che 
 and Seafons already defctibed. But the Iflands 1 
 under the Line, and tothe South between the 
 and the Tropick of Capricorm, have contrary Se 
 to thefe. Yet do they change at the felf-{ame time, 
 
 The difference between the /Monfoons. on the 
 North of the Line, and the Mox/oons on the South 
 of the Line is that in Apri/, when the Weft Me 7 
 Joon fets in to the North of the Line, the 5.5.9 
 ‘Winds fetsin to the South of the Line, and is calle 
 the S.S. W. Menfoon. And in September when the 
 Fatt Monfoon fetsin to the North of the Line, i 
 N.N. E, Wind blows in South Lat. and is called th 
 N. N.E. Mox/foon. And whereas the Weft Monfem 
 is accompanied with Tornadoes and Rain in Noth 
 Lat. the 8.S, W. Monfoon, which blows at the fam 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ther. And as the Eaft Mon/oon- is attended with fl 
 Weather in North Lat. the N. N. E. Mon/oox, whid 
 blows at the fame timein South Lat. is attended mitt 
 Tornadoes and very bad Weather. And though thet 
 Winds do not fhift exaftly at one time in all Yea 
 yet Sept.and Apr. are alwaysaccounted the turtil 
 {onths, and do commonly participate of both fe 
 of Winds, For thefe Monfoons do as conftantl 
 fhift by turns, as the Year comes about. Ar 
 means of thischange of Wind, Ships have th 
 nefit to fail from one part of India, with one \ 
 and return with the contrary: So that moft of i 
 Navigationin India depends on the Monfoons, iil 
 Ships do conftantly wait for thefe Changes; andil 
 Merchants fit out to any Place according as the Se 
 fon of the Year. draws on : And wherefoever th 
 they certainly difpatch their bufinefS fo as to refi 
 back again with the next oy contrary Moxfoon: 
 
, Of the coafteng Trade-Winds, &c. 
 
 Tere is no failing to and from any Place, but with 
 the Monfoon , Onecasries them out, the other brings 
 Them back. Neither dol know how it were pof- 
 fible for Merchants in thefe Parts to Tradeby Sea 
 ‘from one Country to another, were it not for thefe 
 
 thifting Monfoons: For, as I have faid before , 
 
 oft of the Trading Kingdoms in India do lye be- 
 
 tween the Line, and the Tropick of Cancer. And the 
 
 Land lies foto the North, that Ships cannot go to.the 
 
 North of the Tropick, and by that means get into a 
 
 variable Winds way ; asthey may and do in the Weft 
 
 Indies,when they are bound far to the Eaftward. Nei- 
 ‘ther could it be any advantage to ftand off to Sea, as 
 
 they may in the South Sea ; for that would be of lit- 
 
 “tle moment, becaufe they would thencome {0 near the 
 
 “ine, that they would be always lyable to Tornadoes 
 
 ‘and Calms: And fhould they crofs the Line and run 
 
 ‘to the Southward of it, thinking that way to gain 
 
 ‘their Paflage, it is likely they might ficceed no 
 
 ‘better there : For that part of the Sea which 
 
 ties to the Southward of the Line is open and 
 
 free to the true Trade, which feldom fails: But 
 
 “indeed that VVind would carry them to the 
 
 “Southward quite beyond the Trade into a vari- 
 
 “able Winds-way.. But the Sea is not open there, 
 
 or Ships to pais fo far to the Eaftward as to 
 
 “Bain their Ports. | 
 
 » For our Eaft Ixdia Ships that are bound to Szam, 
 
 ~ Tunqueen, China, &c. cannot get thither but in the 
 
 “Seafon of the Weft Moenfoon , though they go 
 
 ‘dire€tly from Exgland, and though, after they are 
 
 ‘palt the Cape, they have the convenience to 
 
 " firetch to the Eaftward, as far as the Land will 
 
 “permit, yet they cannot. go fo far, as is con- 
 
 “Yenient before they will be obliged to“fteer down 
 
 "Within the Courfe of the Trade-Winds, which would 
 
 “obftru&t their Paflage, if they were as conftant here 
 
 ~@ in other Places, And therefore if thefe Anniver: 
 
 a Bbb4 dary 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 
 
 Wind, then weare forced; as is faid befote, either 
 _ pafs thro’ the Gulph of Florida, if we are far to Lf 
 
 oft to the Weftward till ‘they are out-of the Co 
 
 Of the coapting Trade Winds, 82. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Land Breezes under the fhore, and:in many 
 Places good Anchoring, by which means Ships may 
 {top when they find the Current againft them: Bit 
 Voyages of a great diftance cannot be made’ ofly 
 with Land and Sea-Winds without fome other helj 
 ~ In the W. Indies we have thefe helps of Land-Win 
 and Sea-Breezes by which we fail from one placé 
 another,provided they are no great diftance afiinder,an 
 perform our Voyages well enough; but when weé 
 to {ail a great'way tothe Eaftwatd againft the Trade 
 
 ward; or elfe to pafS between the Iflands, and 
 ftrétch away to the ‘Northward, till we are clear ot 
 of the Trade, and fo get our Longitude that way-Se 
 in the South ‘Seas ‘alfo, and’on the Coafts ‘of Guine 
 the Coaft of* Brazif, and the Coaft of Afr 
 between the Cape of good Hope and the Red-S& 
 there are Sea and “Land Breezes,: which. may® 
 made ufe of to fail againft the Trade, if the Voyag 
 be thort : But when we: are to fail a- great wa 
 againtt the Trade-Wind, ‘we muft ‘not wholly « 
 pend’ ori the Sea and Land Breezes ‘3"' for then mt 
 thould be'a long time in accomplifhing fiich Voyages 
 In fitch Cafes we have tecourfe to other helps; {ut 
 as Providence has fupplied thefe Seas with, whit 
 feems to be wanting in the Ea/? Indies} as’ for exam 
 ple; inthe ‘South Seas & on the Coaft of Peru w 
 the Southerly Winds ‘blow conftantly ‘all the 
 
 there Ships that are bound to the Southward ftre 
 
 ba 
 
pak NS ee RE eT ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ing Trade-Wind, and there meet with the true Trade 
 E.S. E. with which they fail as far as they pleafe to 
 e Southward, and then fteerin-for their Port. Se 
 on the Coaft of Mexico, where the Coafting Trade 
 “is Wefterly, there they run off to Sea, till they meet - 
 “the true E. N. Ev Trade; and then ftretch away to the 
 Northward, as far as their Port ; and Ships that come 
 from the Philipines, bound for the Coaft of Mexico, 
 firetch away to the North, as far as 40 degrees to get 
 a Wind to bringthem on the Coat. 
 Thus alfo all Ships boundsto, the Ea/t Indies, after 
 they-are paft -the.Line in the Atlantick Ocean, ftretch 
 away-to the Southward beyond the Trade, ‘and then 
 ftand. over.to the Eaftward, towards the Cape; fo in 
 teturning home, after they have croft the Line’to the 
 Northward, they iteer away North, with ‘the‘Wind at 
 BE. NiEvtill they'are:to the Northward of the Trade- 
 Wind, dndthien dirécttheir Courle Eafterly. All. Gui- 
 wed Shipsand.,Weft India Ships do-the fame in. their 
 feturns: And this.is.the Benefit of an openSea, But 
 to return. Moa GER: HOO. Seay, ee 
 " The Monfoones among the Eaft India Ulands that 
 lyé!to the Southward of’ the Line;~.as | faid before, 
 are either at NN. E. or S.S. Wi: Thefealfo keep time, 
 and'fhift,as the Mozjoones.doto the North of the Line} 
 inthe Months ‘ofi-Apri/ and September, but nearthe 
 “Line, as a degree or two on each fide; the Winds:are 
 not forconftann Indeed there they are -{o-very uncer: 
 ain, that I cannot/be particular io as/to give anytrud - 
 ccount of theny::Only this | know, that,Calms’ are 
 “very: frequent. theres<as: alfo’ Tornadoes’ and, fudderi 
 “Gotts’s: in whichthe Winds fy in ’a -moment:quitd 
 pund the Compaiied « 2iaqutoD aise suiod eno a} 
 Ho: Teh work one 
 
 OES SRO 
 
 CHAP. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of the coafteng Trade-Winds, Sec, , 5 
 
 
 
How Sea-Breezes differ from Common Trade 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. Iv. 
 Of Sea and Land-Breezes. 
 
 Winds. The time and manner of their Rife; 
 Aud particularly at Jamaica. Of the Lank 
 Breezes. Thetime and manner of their Rife; 
 As on the Ifthmus of Darien and at Jamaica, 
 
 - The places where thefe Winds blow firongeft 
 flackeft ; as at Gapes and Head Lands,’ detp 
 Bays, Lagunes and lands. Seals-Skin Bla 
 ders ufed tnftead of Bark Loggs. i 
 “\.E A-Breezes, generally {peaking; are no othet 
 by than the Common Trade-Wind of the Coals 
 7 on which they blow, with this difference, that 
 whereas all Trade-Winds, whether they are thok 
 that I: call the: general “Trade-Winds at Sea, of 
 coafting Trade-Winds, either conftant or thifting, do 
 blow as well by Night as by Day, with an equal 
 brisknefS,except when ‘Tornadoes happen: So contrat 
 ly Sea-Winds are only in the Day, and ceafe in the 
 Night; and as all Trade-Winds:-blow conftantly neat 
 to one Point of the CompafS, both where thé con 
 {tant Trade-Winds are, or where they fhift; on the 
 contrary thefe Sea-Winds do differ from them in 
 that in the Morning when. they firft {pring up, ey 
 blow commonly as the Trade-Winds on the Coaft _ 
 i 64 ate , at 
 

 
 Li Of Sea and Land-Breexes. 
 at or near the fame Point of the Compal; but about 
 
 Mid-Day they fly off 2, 3 or 4 Points further from 
 
 the Land, and,fo-blow almoft right in on the Coaft, 
 ‘efpecially in fair Weather , for then the Sea-Breezes 
 are trueit ; as for inftance, on the Coaft of Angola 
 the Land lies almoft North and South, there the 
 
 _ Trade-Wind is from the SS. W. to the S. W. the true 
 “Sea Breezes near the fhore are at W.byS.or W.S. W, . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and fo of any other Coaft. 
 
  TheféSea-Breezes do commonly rife in the Mor- 
 ling about Nine a Clock, fometimes fooner, fome:. 
 times later ; they firft approach the fhore fo gently, 
 as if they were aftaid to come near it, and oft- 
 times they make fome faint breathings, and as if not 
 willing to offend, they make a halt, and feem ready 
 toretire. I have waited many a time both afhore to 
 ee the pleafure, and at Sea to take the benefit 
 moi it. 
 
 — It comes in a fine, fall, black Curle upon the 
 Water, whenas.all the Sea between it, and the fhore 
 not yet reach’d by it,is as fmooth and even asGlafSin 
 Comparifon; in half an Hour’s time after it has 
 reached the fhore it fans pretty briskly, and fo in. 
 creafeth gradually till 12 a Clock, then it is com- 
 monly ftrongeft, and lafts fo till 2 or 3 a very brisk 
 gale ; about 12 at Noon it alfo veres off to Sea 2 
 or 3 Points, or more in very fair Weather. After 3 
 a Clock it begins to dye away again, and gradually 
 withdraws its force till all is fpent, and about 5 a 
 
 it is lull’d afleep, and comes no more till the next 
 Morning. | | na . 
 _. Thefe Winds are as conftantly expefted as the day 
 in their proper Latitudes, and ieldom fail but in the 
 
 wet Seafon. On all Coafts of :the main,:. whether in 
 the Haft or Weft Indies, or Guinea, they rife in the 
 orning, and withdraw towards the kvening, yet 
 
 
 
 Clock, fooner or later, according as the Weather is, 
 
 Capes 
 
 a 
 

 
 23° 
 
 - * Bays contrarily have the difadvantage,’ for thet | 
 
 _ though it {fprung up in the Morning at©. S. E. or SB 
 _ And on the North fide I have foufd the Sea-Breez a 
 
 FE OSS tae eee OER ee” Lem Ie eae 
 
 Of Sea and Land-Breexes, 
 Capes and Head-Lands ‘have the greateft benefit “of 
 them, where they are higheft, rife earlier, and-bloy 
 leer fe 4 Di # 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 they blow but faintly at beft,- and- their continuan¢ 
 is but fhort. Iflands that lye neareft Eaft and Welt 
 have the benefit of thefe Winds on both fides equally, 
 for if the Wind is at S. W. or S.W.'& by S. on th 
 South fide of any Ifland, then on the North fided 
 would be at N.W. or N. W. by N. 7. e. in fair Wea 
 ther; but if turbulent Weather it would be’ E. S$. 
 on ‘the Southfide, and -E. N. E. on the other : Bi 
 this’ true Sea-Breeze does‘not veer fo far out excep 
 only ‘near the-fhore; as about 3 or 4. Leagues diftant 
 for farther than that, ‘you will find only the right 
 Coafting Trade-Wind! \'Fhis Thave. experienced 1 
 feveral Parts of the World, particularly at. Famaieay 
 about which I have made many Voyages, both on thé 
 North and the South fide; where-1 have ‘experiencet 
 the Sea-Breezes very much to difter;) for on th 
 South fide I have found the true Sea-Wind: after. 1 
 aClock, and in very fair Weather at S.or S. Sok 
 
 “ha 
 5), 
 
 " : nately 
 
ar ht Ra oe ier as 
 
 Of Sea and Lahd-Breezés; 
 tely fucceedeach other. For when the Sea-Breezes 
 ve performed their Offices of the Day, by brea: 
 ing on their refpettive Coafts; they inthe kvening 
 
 either withdraw from the Coaft, or lye downto 
 {t; Then the Land-Winds whofe Office it:is to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 wine Impulfe, do rouze out of their ptivate receffes 
 and gently fan the Air till the next Morning ; and 
 "ythen their task ends and they leave the Stage. 
 
 >. There can be no proper time fet when they do 
 begin in the / Evening, or when they retire in the 
 Morning, for they:do not keep to an hour; but 
 ‘they commonly {pring up between 6 and 12. in the 
 ykyvening, and: laft till 658; or 10 in the Morning. 
 »They both come.and go away. again earlier or later, 
 ‘according to the Weather, the Seafon of the Year, 
 ‘or fome accidental Caufe from the Land: -For~on 
 -fome Coafts they do rife earlier, blow frefher, and 
 tremain later than on other Coafts, as I fhall fhew 
 » hereafter. Foshan ear al 
 
 poi {hore contrary to the Sea-Breez, ‘which way {o- 
 fever the Coaft lies;: Yet I would not fo be under- 
 
 Tra&ts of Land in .comparifon with the two main 
 Bodies of kand of :Mexzco and Peru, and thofevalt 
 Regions in Affa and Africa lying within the Tropicks, 
 I cannot determine whether the Land-Winds. are 
 there; as I -have-fourd, them-in my- {mall Travels - 
 therefore 1 -thall only confine this particular, Di- 
 
 wae courts 
 
 breathe in the Night moved by the fame order of Di 
 
 . They are called. Land-Winds, becaufe they blow 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 Yo or11 a Clock in the Morning, betore I c 
 
 _ nable many times, but by the fying of the Clouds 
 
 South. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IS Re! oon > a eos oo yo Re Or ae cs es pea | ahaa Soe ne 
 
 Of Sea and Land-Breezes: 7 
 courfé to thefé and other Places within my ow 
 Obférvations. I thall begin firft with the Ifthmuse 
 Darien ; there I have found the Land-Winds in 
 middle of the Country blowing all Night, and 
 
 perceive the Sea-Breeze to arife, and that not difee 
 
 efpecially if I was ina Valley; and it was in Val 
 lies that I did chiefly perceive the Land-Winds, whig 
 blew in fome places one way, in others contrary, of 
 fide ways to that, according as the Valliés lay pend 
 up between the Mountains ; and that without af 
 refpect to either the North or the South Seas, bat 
 indeed near either fide of the Land, they alwa 
 bent their courfé towards the neareft Sea, une 
 there was any Hill between them and the Sea, at 
 then they took their Courfé along in the Val 
 but from both thores, as well from the North as¢# 
 South they blow right forth into the Sea. : 
 In the Ifland of Famaica thefe Land-Winds are | 
 the middle of the Country, alfol have found the 
 {o, as I travelled from one fide of the Ifland to 
 other, having lain 2 Nights by the way, as I he 
 before obférved them, when I liv’d at 16 Mile 
 Walk, where I continued about 6 Months ; D 
 there and in other Iflands the Land-Winds do blo W 
 towards the neareft fhores, and fo from thence of 
 to Sea, whether the fhore’s lye Eaft, Weft, North 
 
 _ Thefe Winds blow off to Sea, a greater or le 
 diftance according as the Coaft lies more or lef € 
 poled to the Sea-Winds : For in fome Places we fil 
 them brisk 3 or 4 Leagues off fhore, in‘other Plac 
 notfo many Miles, and in fomeé Places they ‘tat 
 peep without the Rocks, or if they do fometimes 
 very fair Weather make a fally out a Mile of? 
 they are not lafting, but fuddenly vanifh a 
 
 our 
 
" rae 
 
 Ly Of Sea and Land-Breezes.. | 
 though yet there are evety Night as fiefh Land- 
 Winds afhoreat thofé Places as in any other part of 
 the World. . 
 
 ~ Places moft remarkable for the feweft or fainteft 
 Land-Winds, are thofe that lye moft open to the 
 Common Trade-Winds , as the Eaft ends of any 
 ‘Mlands where the Trade-Winds do blow in upon the 
 ‘Shore, or the Head-Lands on Iflands or Continents 
 
 
 
 
 
 that are open to the Sea-Breez, efpecially where the. 
 
 Trade-Wind blows down fide-ways, by the Coaft; 
 for there fuch Head-Lands as ftretch fartheft out to 
 Sea are moft expofed to Winds from the Sea ;' and 
 have the lefs benefit of the Land-Breezes, 
 I thall give a few Inftances of either. And firft 
 of all begin with the N. E. andS. E. Points of the 
 Wfland of Famaica, Thefe Points are at the Eaft end of 
 the Ifland, one is at the very Extreme of the North 
 ‘fide towards the Eaft, the other on the South Ex- 
 treme towards the fame Point; at thefe two Places 
 we feldom light of a Land-Wind ; nor very often 
 at the end of the Ifland between them, except near 
 ‘the fhore. For that Reafon the Svoop-men of Fa- 
 mMaica that Trade round the land are commonly 
 a totheir Trumps, when they come there in their 
 Voyages: For if they meet no Land-Wind they are 
 - Obliged to beat about by turning to. wind-ward againft 
 the Sea-Breez in the Day time ; they then curfe thefe 
 Points of Land, and are foolifhly apt to believe 
 ‘that fome Devion haunts there. 
 __ And if they are 2 or 3 Days in beating about (as 
 fometimes they are) when they return to Port Royal, 
 they will talk as much of their Fatigues, as if they 
 had been beating a Month to double the Cape of good 
 _ Hope, though indeed the Men are brisk enough, and 
 “thanage their floops very well ; which alfo are ge- 
 _herally very good Boats to fail ona Wind. I think 
 they ate thebelt finall Trading-Boats in the Kivg’s 
 Dominions, 
 Point 
 
 
 
 2i 
 
ps 
 
 
 
 it. Therefore they are many. times longer beating 
 
 by E. whereas if the VVinds were as. true there 4 
 
 Se ee ee Meee ee ot A eee Pee Pe 
 
 ia hg yor ~ oe 
 
 Of Seaand Land-Breezez. 
 Point Pedro-on the Soutb-rde of the Mfland, 
 another very bad Point to double, if a Sb 
 come from the Weft-end of the Ifland ; This Poig 
 runs out far into the Sea, and is not only. deftitu 
 of the Common Land-Winds. But if there is ap 
 Current fétting to Leeward, here the S/oop-men m 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 about it, then about the two former Points of t 
 South Eaft and the North Eaff, and. not without 
 {towing fome Curfes upon it. Nay, fome Capta 
 of Privateérs, whenthey have been’ beating about 
 have ftood clofe into the Point, and fired. th 
 Guns to kill the old Demon that they fay inhal 
 there ito difturb: poor Seamens' Uhave related tht 
 odd Paflages to {hew how ignorant Men are that ¢ 
 notdée the Reafon of it. And becaufe | ami 
 willifg to leave my Reader in the dark, 1 tha 
 give a few Inftances more on this fubjett. .T 
 North fide of Fucatan, at the entrance into the B 
 of Campeachy , gives. us another Inftance of b 
 Land-Winds ; and commonly where the Land-Wind 
 are {canty, the Sea-Breezes are but indifferent neither 
 This will partly appear by what I have obferved 
 them on this Coaft between Cape Catoach , and G@ 
 Condefeado at the entrance of the Bay of Campeacht 
 which two places are about Eighty Leagues | 
 {tant ; for there the Land trends Eaft and We 
 It is a ftreight-Coaft and-lies all of it, equal 
 expofed to the Trade-VVind, which is common 
 there at E.N.E. Tothe W.of thefe Places the Seaa 
 Land-VVinds do as duly fucceed each other, as | 
 any other Coaft, but here they, are each of thé 
 of a Baftard kind; for the Sea-Breezes. are | 
 N.E. by E. which is. no better than a . Coaft ‘Trad 
 VVind, and the Land-VVind. is.at E. S.E. or 54 
 
 ro 
 | +a 
 
 on other Coatts, the Sea-Breez would be at NY N.E 
 
a eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Z Of Sea and Land Breezes. 
 “fometimes at N. and the Land-VVinds would be at 
 §.S.E. and S as they are indeed clofe under the 
 fhore ; which if they do at any time come off ftom, 
 ‘they ate very faint. The Land on this Coaft is low 
 ee even, and the Land-VVinds afhore are pretty 
 brisk. | 
 The Capes on the Peruvian Coaft in the South 
 Seas, will more fully make it appear, that Head- 
 ; Lands do feldom afford any Land-VVinds: I fhall 
 only Inftance in Cape sc oe: in Lat. 8 Minutes Soxth, 
 Gope St. Laurence, in 
 ‘Blanco, in 3 d. — South. have pafs‘d by them all. 
 -feveral times and at different Seafons; yet did never 
 find any-Land-winds there, though between thefé 
 
 ‘Ships that fail to the Southward againft the Breez, 
 ‘mutt beat it about by hard Labour, efpecially about, 
 
 Other 2: and if thereis any Current, as commonly, 
 ‘the Spaniards are a long time getting about, fome- 
 times a Fortnight or 3 VVeeks; and when they have 
 fplit their Sails, which are feldom very good, they 
 tun back to Gwiaguill to mend them again. We 
 found it hard getting about, tho’ our Sai/s were 
 good ; and I think we could work our Ships better 
 - the Spaniards are ever able todo in thofe 
 meas; 7 
 
 I have already given feveral Inftances of fuch 
 Places, as have no Land-VVinds, or at leaft but vety 
 ‘Ordinary ones ; I fhall next proceed in order to fhew 
 Where the ftrongeft or beft Land-VVinds are met 
 with ; and then | fhall {peak of thofe Places where 
 there blows 4 moderate and indifferent Gale between 
 both Extreams : That fo any one may judge by the 
 Lying of the Land, whether it may attord a good 
 Land-wind or no. 
 
 Cec The 
 
 at 
 
 at. 1d. — South, and Cape. 
 
 ‘Places there are very good Land-winds. Therefore. 
 
 Cape Blanco, for that lyes more expofed than the | 
 
 33. 
 
34 
 
 for Bays, Ifhall firft pitch on the Bay of Campeach 
 
 “fently anchored that Night, and come into the 
 
 wife have paft farther to the VVeftward quite out 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Sea and Land Breezes: i, 
 
 The briskeft Land-winds are commonly in deep 
 Bays, in great Lakes within Land, and among great 
 Ranges of Iflands or fimall Keys that lye near the — 
 fhore : I fhall give Inftances of allthefe. And ag 
 
 which lies between Cape Condecedo and the Hig 
 Land of St. Martin ; between both thefé Places th 
 Land-winds are as brisk 2 or 3 Leagues off at 
 as inany Place that] know. Inthe Cod or Midd 
 of the Bay, the Land trends from Eaft to VVeft, 
 there the Sea-Breezes are at North, and the Land 
 winds at South; they commonly begin to blow at 
 7 or 8 a Clock in the Evening, and continue till8 
 or 9 the next Morning, in the dry Sea/on efpecially, 
 In that Bay there is an Ifland, call’d by the Englil 
 Beef-Ifland from the multitude of Bulls and Cows 
 that inhabit it. ‘The fmell of thefe wild Cattle 
 driven off to Sea, by the Land-winds fo frefh, that 
 by it Mafters of Ships failing inthe Night on this 
 Goaft have known where they were, and have y e 
 
 of ‘Ivift the next Day ; whereas they would other 
 
 of their way, if they had not fimell’d the {trong {tent 
 of thefe Cattle. & 
 
 So all the bottom of the Bay of Mexico, evél 
 from the High-Land of St. Martin down to Lavet 
 Cruz, and from thence Northerly towards the Riva 
 Mefchafipi affords good Land-winds and Sea-breezes 
 The Bay of Honduras alfo, and almoft all the Coatt 
 between it and Cape /aVela, aftords the like, & 
 lowing for the Capes and Points of Land, which lye 
 between ; where it fails more or lefS, as the Pormisd0 
 lye more or lefS expofed to the Sea-Breezes. 
 
 So in the South Seas, the Bays of Panama, Gat 
 aguil, Paita, &c. have their frefh Land-winds an 
 breezes. But in fome Places, as particularly at 
 the Land-winds do not {pring up till 12 a Clock 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 Of Sea and Land-Breezes. 
 _ the Night, but then are always very frefh, and lat 
 till 7 or 8 the next Morning; and they are 
 _conftant all the Year long: VVhereas in the Bay of 
 Panama, and alfo in all the Bays and Coafts of the 
 other, or North fide of America already defcribed, 
 they are not fo conftant in the wet Sea/on as they 
 are in the dry. 
 
 The Bay of Campeachy will alfo afford us Inftances 
 of the Land-winds that blow in Laguaes: As 
 _ for. inftance, the Lagune of Trift, which is about 9 
 or 10 Leagues long and 3 broad, is barricadoed from 
 the Sea by thelfland of ‘I7i/?. There the Land-winds 
 blow in the dty Seafon from 5 or 6a Clock in 
 F the Evening, tillo or 10 in the Morning. There are 
 two other Lagunes lying within that, and parted 
 from it by low Mangrove-Land: there the Land- 
 winds ate frefher and the Sea-Breeze duller, and of 
 2 lef$ continuance, than in the Lagune of ‘I7ift. 
 _ Nay, fometimes the Land-wind blows all Day ; fo 
 inthe Lagune of Maracaybo to VVind-ward of Cape 
 Alta Vela, the Land-winds are very frefh and lafting. 
 _ The like may be faid of the Lagune of Venizuella 
 or Comana 
 
 -. Sometimes in the fore-mentioned Lagumes, the 
  Land-winds do blow for 3 or 4 Days and Nights 
 together, fcarce fuffering the Sea-Breez to breath 
 there ; though at the fame time the Sea-Breez may 
 blow trefh out at Sea: and if the Sea-Breez at fuch 
 times fhould make a bold Sa//y into thefe Lagunes,it 
 ~ would be but of a fhort continuance. On the other 
 hand at Capes and Head-Lands more expofed to Sea- 
 “Breezes, the Land-winds are thier of coming there, 
 than the Sea-winds are into Lagunes. Neither may 
 we forget the Harbour of Jamaica, fot there are 
 _ very good Land-winds. It is compaiied in on one 
 
 - 
 @ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fide with a long Neck of Sand, and many {mall 
 ~ dlands at, the mouth of it, and within there isa 
 
 Co.c''2 pretty 
 
 a te ns ee a a ee ee eT So see 
 
moft of them, quite home to Czba, there are vety 
 _ brisk Land-winds. They fpring up early in the 
 
 Royal is ferved. The other Iflands I fhall mention 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Seaand Land-Byreezes, = 
 retty deep Lake, in which are conftant Sea and 
 and-winds, by which the VVherry-men run with — 
 
 full fail, both to Legamy or Pajfage-Fort, from the. 
 Town and back again. They go away with the 
 Sea-Breez, and return with the Land-wind. There 
 fore Paflengers that have occafion to go either way, — 
 wait for the coming of thefe VVinds, except their 
 Bufinefs requires haft; for then they are rowe 
 againtt the ae and though the Land-winds d 
 fometimes fail or come very late, yet the ‘VVherties — 
 feldom ftay beyond thetr conftant Hours of 7 oF 
 $ aClock, and fometimes the Land-winds do come 
 by 3 or 4, but when they come’ fo early it is com 
 monly after a Tornado from the Land. ‘This 
 may futfice as to the -Land-winds in Lakes or Bays 
 As to what may be fpoken concerning the Land. 
 winds among Iflands, I fhall only mention 2 Places, 
 both of them in the Weft Indies ; the firft are the 
 Keys of Cuba, which are abundance of fmall Hands 
 bordering on the South fide of Cuba, reaching i 
 length from Eaft to VVeft, or near thofe Points, as 
 the Ifland lies, about 70 Leagues; and in fome 
 Places reaching near 20 Leagues from the faid 
 Mland.. Among thefé Iflatds, even from the outer 
 
 Evening, and blow late in the Morning. The ja 
 majca Vurtlers vifit thefe Keys with good fuccefS for 
 Turtle all the Year long, and ftom thence bring moft 
 of their Turtle wherewith the Market of Pork 
 
 are the Sembaloe Vlands betwixt Cape Samblafs and 
 
 Golde Mand, though they are not fo large a Range 
 
 as the Keys of Cuba, yet do they afford ‘very good 
 
 Land-winds ,; nearas good as the Keys of Cuba do 
 
 And thus much for the Places where the beft as well 
 
 as where the {cantieft er’ fainteft oe 
 4 i '9.on0 OUR 
 

 
 Of Sea and Land-Breezes. 
 
 found. 1 fhall next give fome Inftances of the 
 Medium between both Extreams. : 
 +: IT have already fhewn that Capes and fuch Head- 
 Lands as lye out fartheft from the reft of the fhore, 
 _are thereby moft expofed to the Sea-winds, and con- 
  fequently. the Land-winds are there much fainter 
 _ than in other Places, efpecially in deep Bays or La- 
 ~ guines within Land, or among Iflands and {mall Keys 
 near the Land; All which is no more than my own 
 Experience has taught me. I {hall now fhew how 
 the Land-winds blow on Coafts that do lye more 
 “fevel. As all Coafts have their Points and bendings , 
 {0 accordingly the Land-winds are frefher or fainter, 
 "as you come either towards thefe. bendings or towards 
 _intermitting Pointsor Head-Lands. 
 _» I fhall give an Inftance of this by fhewing how 
 the VVinds are on the Coaft of Caraccos. It is as 
 ‘freight a Shore as 1 can pitch on; yet full of finall 
 Bays, divided from each other by a like number of 
 ~ Ridges of High-Land, that fhoot forth their Heads 
 alittle way without the Bays’on ,each fide. There 
 in the Night or Morning, while the Land-wind 
 "blows, werfind fiefh Gales out sof the Bays: but 
 when we come abreaft of the Head-Lands, wei find it 
 Calm ; yet fee the Breez curling on the VVater on 
 _ both fides of us, ‘and fometimes get a {purt of it to 
 help us forward: and having recovered the .VVind 
 | “out of the next Bay, we pais bythe Mouth of it 
 prefently, till we come ;tothernext Head; and 
 “there we lye becalmed as before... wart 2908 
 _»Thefe Bays are not above half; a.Mile ora Mile 
 wide ; neither are the Heads’ much, wider:'; but 
 ~ tthefe Heads ofthe Ridges lying in between 
 tthe Bays, have fteep Cliff again{t the Sea; .and 
 _-where-ever’ I hhaye met. the like fteep Cliffs againtt 
 “the Sea, Ihave:feldom found any Land-VVinds. 
 - Butiin all other Places wheré the Bays ftrike deeper 
 sinto, the Land, there we find the Land-winds mote 
 a Mera Ete ih lafting 
 
 
 
 37 
 
i 
 
 Of Sea and Land-Breexes. ni 
 lafling and ftrong, and where the Points are farther 
 out, there are ftill the lefs Land-winds, and the briskeg 
 Sea-Breezes. For the Capes and fmaller Points on — 
 all {hores isem to be fo many Barricadoes to break 
 off the violence of the Sea-Breezes ; for this we 
 always find when we are turning to VVind-ward : 
 being to Leeward :of a Cape, that the Breez is 
 moderate, efpecially if we keep very near the fhores; 
 but when once we come within a Mile, more or lels_ 
 of the Cape and ftand off to Sea, as foon as we get 
 without it, we find fich a huffing Breez, that fomé 
 times we are not able to ply againft it, but in the 
 Night we find a frefh Land-wind to Leeward ; tho 
 when we come to the Cape we find. it Calm; of 
 
 erhaps fometimes meet witha Sea-wind. The Land 
 bree on the Coaft of Guinea between Cape St, 
 Anns and Cape Palmas, ( mentioned ‘in the fecond 
 Chapter of this Difcourfe,) are at E. blowing brisk 
 4 Leagues off fhore : the Sea-winds there ate at S.V¥, 
 The Land-winds on the Coaft of Amgola areatE. N.E 
 the Sea-winds at VV. S. VV. thefé are very true VVinds - 
 of both kinds. uit | 
 The Land-winds on the Coaft of Perz and Mex 
 ico inthe South Seas, arein moft Places right om 
 from the fhore, elfe the Fifher-men could never g0 
 out to Sea, as they do, on Bark Loggs. And as the 
 Land-winds are true there, fo are the Sea-Bre 
 alfo ; for with the Land-wind they go out'to F 
 and return in again with the Sea-winds. In f 
 Places they ufe Seals Skins inftead of Bark Log 
 they are made fo tight that no: Bladder is tighte 
 To thefé they have long Necks, like the Neck ‘o 
 Bladder, into which-they put a Pipe and blow th 
 up, as we do Bladders; two of thefe being fa 
 together, a. Man fets a-ftride them, having one a 
 
 , fore and the other-behind him ; and {0 fits firmer 
 
 “than in a Troopers Saddle. His Padle is like a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ae ae ta Pe ra ox er S thee 
 
 a 
 tu ae 
 a 
 
3 
 
 : 
 
 i 
 ah, 
 Ff 
 
 Of Sea and Land Breezes. 
 
 -Quarter-ftaff, with a broad Blade at each end; with 
 this he firikes the Sea back, firft on one fide, and 
 ‘then on the other, with each end of his Paddle, 
 
 and fo. gives himfelf frefh way through the 
 
 VVater. c 
 
 In the Eaft Indies alfo there are true Sea-Breezes, 
 .as well on the Iflands, ason the main. On Iflands, 
 -asat Bantam inthe Ifland Fava, and at Achin in 
 
 “the Ifland Swmatra, and in many Places. on the 
 
 ndMindanao: And on the main alfo,as particularly 
 
 at Fort St. George on the Coaft Coromandel. There 
 
 the Land-winds blow right off from the fhore, and 
 the Sea-winds right in ; but fometimes they come 
 
  flanting in ; and about Chri/tmas they blow from the 
 
 N.E. or N. N. E. I found them fo when I came on 
 the Coaft, and being advifed of it by Mr. Coventry 
 
 in whofe Sloop I then was, I fell in with the Land 
 
 - 10 or 12 Leagues to the Northward of the Fort, 
 
 _and had a brisk Northerly Sea-wind to bring me into 
 the Road. 
 
 I think thefe Inftances are enough to fhew how 
 thefe Land-winds do ufually blow in moft parts of 
 
 the VVorld; fhould I be very particular, *tisnot a 
 _larger Treatife than I intend this to be, would hold 
 a quarter-part of it. But I have been more particular 
 ‘in the Weft Indies and South Seas, becaufe thefe » 
 _Land-winds are of more ufé there than in the Ea 
 
 Indies : For though fometimes Men in the Eafi In- 
 dies do turn againft the Momfoones, yet they do ge- 
 
 _nerally tarry.for them before they budge. - 
 
 | Indeed thefe VVinds are an extraordinary _bleffing 
 
 to thofé that ufé the Sea in any part of the VVorld, 
 
 within the Tropicks; for as the conftant Trade- 
 winds do blow, there could be no failing in thefe 
 Seas: But by the help of the Sea and Land- 
 Breezes, Ships will {ail 2 or 3 hundred Leagues ; as 
 particularly se Famaica, to the Lagune of Trift.in 
 : Ccc4 the 
 
 39 , 
 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 
 
the Bay of Cumpeachy ; and then back again, al 
 
 Of our Famaica Sloops do go to Trift, and defign te 
 ‘the Gulph of Horida. 
 
 -ufual way from Famaica to Barbadees, — thougl 
 
 of thefe VVinds, Sloops in-the Weft Indies fail clear 
 
 eat ee te eee. eee ?. 1 Le eos) eae a? tats 
 
 “OF Sea*and Land Bree: 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 againft the Trade-wind : And I think this is one of 
 the longett Voyages that is ufed of this kind. Ifam 
 
 carry their VVood to Cwra/ao, then they put throug h 
 
 The Spaniards alfo that come from any pat 
 of the Bay of Mexico, and are bound to am 
 Place to VVind-ward of the Ifland Cub , aa 
 want to put through the Gulph, and fo ftretch 
 away to the Northward, till they come clear 
 of the Trade, and then ftand away as-far a 
 they pleafe to the Ealiward ,; This is alfo the 
 
 fometimes they turn up-by the Carrtbbee Iflands, 
 only taking the Benent of thefe Sea and Land-winds, 
 So alfo Ships may and do pafS ftom Portobello 0 
 Corthagena, or to St. Martha, or to any other 
 Place,- by the help of thefe Breezes, if the & 
 {tance is not too far. So by taking the Advantage 
 
 round the Iflands,or to any part of them,ina fhort time. 
 In the South Seas alfo the Spaniards in’ their 
 Voyages from Panama to Lima, -by taking the 
 Advantage of thefe VVinds, do fail as high a 
 Cape Blanco ; bat in all their Voyages ‘to the 
 Southward of that Cape, they ftand quite of 
 to Sea into the Trade. Thus you {ee the ufe and 
 advantage of them. i ia 2 a 
 The Seamen that fail in Svoops of other fin 
 Veflels in the Wef? Indies, -do know very w 
 when they fhall meet a brisk Land-VVind, 
 
 VVind, to fee a thick Foge lye till and 
 like -Smioak over the Land, not’ flirting any V5 
 and ‘we look outj for  fuch. Signs. when we 
 
 Chines 
 
Soe, SP aa ky” 7 
 
 ; Of Sea-and Land-Breezes. . 
 plying to VVind-ward. For if we fee no 
 over the Land, the Land-wind will be. bur 
 faint and fhort that Night. Thefe figns are to 
 ‘be obferved chiefly in fair VVeather; for in the 
 wet Seafon Foggs do hang over the Land all the 
 Day, and it may be neither Land-wind nor Sea- 
 “Breeze ftirring. If in the Afternoon alfo in 
 “Yair VVeather, we fee a’ Tornado over — the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 / Vind. , 
 _ Thefe Land-winds are very’ cold, and though the 
 ‘Sea-Breezes are always much ftronger, yet thefe are 
 “Colder by far. The Sea-Breezes indeed are very 
 | comfortable and refrething ; for the hotteft time in 
 all the Day is about 9, 10 or 11 a Clock in 
 the Morning, in the interval between both Breezes : 
 | For then it is commonly Calm, and then People 
 pant for breath, efpecially if it is late before 
 the Sea-Breez comes, but afterwards the Breez 
 allays the heat. However, in the Evening again 
 patter the Sea-breez is fpent, it is very hot till 
 | the Land-wind fprings up, which is fometimes not 
 ill ‘Twelve a Clock or after. 
 
 ' For this Reafon Men when they go to Bed 
 /uncloath themfelves and lye without any thing over 
 them; Nay, the ordinary fort of People {pread 
 Mats at their Doors, or elfe in their Yards, in 
 famaica, and lye down to fleep in the open 
 Ai ‘ 
 
 2 a ; ; 
 ., Inthe Eaft Indies at Fort St. George alfo, 
 Men take their Cotts or little Field-Beds, and 
 but them in the Yards, and- go to fleep in the 
 Air: And Seamen aboard Ships in thefé hot 
 ountries lye on the Deck, till the Land-wind 
 a! omes, _. FOU eae an a re 
 . The Inhabitants of Jamaica or Fort St. George, 
 have fomewhat*'to cover themfelves_when the 
 Land-wind comes, befides a Pillow on pa 
 es BS ite allan i SB rt > SRE call, 
 
 
 
 wand, it commonly fends us forth a frefh Land- — 
 
 4 
 
42 
 
 have wrought hard all Day, lye naked ‘an 
 
 naked in the Nights, 
 
 
 
 Of Sea and Land-Breezess 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Breaft, or between their Arms. But Seamen whe 
 
 expofed to the Air, it may be all Night long 
 before they awake , without any covering, éf 
 pecially if they have had their dofe of Pung 
 But next Morning they are fcarce able to budge 
 being {tiff with cold, that brings them to Fluxes 
 and that to their Graves; and this is the fat 
 of many ftout and brave Seamen : and it is a great 
 itty that Mafters of Ships have fo little regard 
 or their Men, as not by fome good. Orders, te 
 prohibit this dangerous Cuftom of lying abroad a 
 
 nt 
 rr 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Land-winds and Sea-Breezes _paculiar 
 F to fome Coafts at fome particular feafons 
 of the Year ; as alfo of fome Winds that 
 produce flrange Effetts. 
 
 | of the Summafenta-Winds in the Bay of Cam: 
 
 ~ Coafts of Carthagena. Winds on the Mexi- 
 ~ can Coafts, call’d Popogaios. Others on the 
 ~ Coaft of Coromandel, calld Terrenos: The 
 fame about Malabar, but at a different Seafon : 
 _ As alfo in the Perfian Gulph. And of the 
 _ Hermatans on the Goaft of Guinea. 
 
 Shall begin with the SummafeutaWinds, as they 
 are called, which blow in the Bay of Cam- 
 MA peachy. Thefe are VVinds that come in the 
 Months of Feb. Marchand Apri/, and they blow only 
 
 fand = Cape Condecedo , which Places are about.i20 
 Leagues afunder.. They are,properly {peaking, neither 
 Sea-Breezes nor true Land-winds.yet in refpett of their 
 
 that fomewhat,of kin to the Land-winds. Thefe 
 WVinds are commonly at E. S.E. in the Cod or Mid. 
 Mle of the Bay where. the Land lies E. and VV. 
 and the true -Land-winds there are at S. S.E. but 
 from thence toward Cape Condecedo, the Land trends 
 away N.E.N.N. E. and N. So that they be- 
 tome Land-winds. there refpefting the Land dog 
 
 ae : | whence 
 
 a, 
 mel. y 
 
 e 
 
 peachy. Of the Winds peculiar to the 
 
 in that Bay between the High-Land of St. Martin 
 

 
 2) 
 
 ‘ ftronger than either. I never could perceive that thele 
 
 Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafts, &c, 
 whence they blow ; but then they differ both ftom 
 Sea and Land-Breezes in refpe€t to their duration: 
 For thefe SummafentaWinds blow 3 or 4 Days 
 fometimes a VVeek, both Night and Day before they 
 ceafe. They are commonly dry VVinds and blow 
 very frefh, and Ships that go fiom Trt w 
 Logwood at the. time when thefe VVinds bl 
 will be at Cape Condecedo in 3 or 4 Days; w 
 if they go at any other time, it will take up & 
 10 Days, tho feldom more than that: For hete 
 are good Land-winds and Sea-Breezes at other times, 
 
 _.Vhefe VVinds are commonly colder than the See 
 winds, though not fo cold as the Land-winds, ye 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VVinds did make’any alteration‘on our Bodies. diffe 
 rent'ftom: other VVinds. But the Tides when: thee 
 WVVinds blow on that Coaft, are very finall, efpeciall 
 inthe: Lagunes\of, E7ift\; . fo.that the Log-wont 
 Barks, that bring the,VVood. Aboard of the Shi 
 are then forc’d to lye, ftill for want of ‘VVater to float 
 them over fome flats in the Lagunes.~* 
 __ On the Coaft of Carthagena there ate a peculiar 
 fort of VVinds that blow in the Months of Apri, My 
 and Fume fo very fierce that'Shipsare not able to ply 
 to VVind-ward on'that Coaft while thefé VVindsle 
 Thefé VVinds blow about 40 0r §0 Leagues to Wim 
 ward of CarthagenaTown, and about 10 to: Leewaid 
 of, it. They are-very fierce fromthe middle of ‘the 
 
 ‘Channel between it and Hi/pamiola,anid fo continueak 
 
 Moft'to the Coatt of Carthagena. Tho" they are fome- 
 times a little fainter within 2 of 4 Leagues of ME 
 thote, efpecially Mornings and Evenings. They com 
 monly rife in the Morning before day, fometimesat 
 a" 4 a Clock, and fo continue ‘till 9, ro‘or 11@ 
 Night, and thus'they will blow 10 or 11 Days toge 
 ther very’'fiercely. “At this time the’ ‘Land-winds 
 fides-their fhort'continuance are very faint and blow 
 but. little way off fhore : So that fiom 10 a 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Winds peculiar to fome Goafts, &c? 
 
 Night till 3 inthe Morning ’tis quite Calm and not 
 1¢ breath of VVind from a League diftant off the 
 lore ; tho’ 3 or 4 further off you'l find the Breez, 
 ad nearer a finall Land-wind. Thefe VVinds are at 
 
 ea-Breezesare at N. E. byN. or N.N.E. - 
 
 While thefe fierce VVinds ftay.the Sky iscommonl 
 ear without any Cloud to be feen’; tho” doubtless 
 is imperceptibly hazy, for then the Sun does not 
 
 e a true black fhade on the Ground, butvery faint 
 d dusky. The Horizon too looks very dusky, thick 
 wd hazy, and while the Sun is near the Horizon, 
 ther in the Morning or Evening, it looks very red. 
 ometimes, though but feldom, when thefe VVinds 
 ow the Sky is over-caft with {mall Clouds, which 
 ford fome drizling fmall Rain. But though thefe 
 Vinds are fo fierce on the Coaft of Carthagena, 
 et both to VVind-ward and to Leeward at the di- 
 ances before-mentioned, the Breezes blow moderate 
 yat other times. For the Sea and Land-winds do 
 ere keep their conftant and regular Courfes. Nei- 
 her are the Coafts of Hif/pamiola or Famaica troubled 
 ith thefé fierce VVinds, any nearer than half Chan- 
 lel over, as was {aid before. 
 
 ‘Tt has not been my fortune to have been on this 
 aft when thefe VVinds have blown, yet I have had 
 ie Relation of it fo often,and from fo many Perfons. 
 fat | am very well fatisfied of the truth of it: Nay, 
 it is fo generally known among the Famaica Seamen 
 and Privateers, that they call a Ia/kative Perfon in 
 rifion, a Cartbagena-Breeze. | remember 2 or 3 Men 
 lat went by that Name,and I knew them by no other, 
 io’ I wasin the {ame Ship with them feveral Months. 
 Some of our Englifh Frigots that have been fent to 
 amaica have experienced thefe Breezes, when the Go- 
 ernour has fent them upon bufinefS to that Coaft : 
 or plying between Portobello and Carthagena, when 
 hey have been within 10 Leagues of Carthagena, ei 
 , ave 
 
 
 
 
 
 .N.E. as the Common Trade is; whereas the 
 
 45 
 

 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafts,&c, 
 have met withthe Sea Breez fo ftrong that they have 
 been forced to riff their Topfail, which even then the 
 could not maintain, but have been obliged t 
 it quite up ; and fo with only their lower Sz 
 which fometimes they have been forced to riff 
 have been beating 8 or 10 Days, to get only fo mam 
 Leagues; which tho’ at laft they have done, yet 
 it been with much trouble, and not without d 
 to their Sails and Rigging. Neither can I forget a Samm 
 dron of French Frigots, Commanded. by the Countaé 
 Eftrees, that came to Famaica, and demanded leayeo 
 the Governour to VVood and VVater there ; which be. 
 caufe it feemed f{trange that they fhould want in coming 
 only from Petit Guavas, it was demanded of them 
 why they came from thence fo ill provided?They faid 
 they went from Petit Guavas over to the Coaft of 
 Carthagena,with a defign to have plyed to VVind.watt 
 under that {hore, but met the Breezes fo hard onth 
 Coaft, that they were not able to hold up their fides 
 againft it,and for that Reafon ftood back again towattl 
 Petit Guavas ; but not being able to fetch it, the 
 fore they came to VVood and VVater at Famaica, & 
 figning to go from thence thro” the Gulph : And tho 
 the Pilots of Famaica did all conclude that the Breen 
 time was paft by more than a Month, yet the Go 
 nour gave themleave to VVood and VVater at Bien 
 fields Bay,and fent one Mr. Stone to be their Pilot tht 
 ther. ‘This was in 1679. and in one of our Summet 
 Months, but I can’t tell which, tho’ I was there. 
 
 In the South Seas on the Mexican Coaft, be 
 
 
 
 30 Leagues diftance, there are VVinds which 0 
 only in theMonthsof May, Fune and Fuly, call 
 the Spaniards Popogaios. They blow Night and Da 
 without intermiffion; fometimes 3. or 4 Day 
 a VVeek together. They are very brisk VVinds, bit 
 not violent: I have been in one of them whe 
 
 ; went 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | Of Winds peculjar to fome Coafts,&c: 
 t from CalderaBay, bound to Realeja méntioned 
 my Voyage round the VVorld, Chap. 5. Pag. 118. 
 ch blew at North. 
 
 n the Eaft Indies on the Coaft of Coromande/,there 
 
 inds that I have already treated of ; for thefe blow 
 y in Fune,Fuly and Aug, and are in feveral refpets 
 ite contrary to them. For whereas the true Lamd- 
 inds blow only in the Night,including Evenings and 
 Aornings ; on the contrary, thefe blow 3 or4 Days 
 ithout intermiffion ; nay, fometimesa VVeek or 10 
 s together: and as the true No€turnal Land-winds 
 te very cold, onthe contrary thefe are the hotteft 
 of all VVinds le¥er heard of: They come with hot 
 “Blooms, fuch as [have mentioned inmy Voyage round 
 , and they blow only in the Months of Fuze, 
 uly and Auguft, which is the Weft Monfoon-Seafon, 
 ho’ the proper Monfoon then on this Coaft is S. VV. 
 Vhen thefe hot VVinds come the better fort of Peo- 
 le at Fort St. George keep clofe: They alfo fhut up 
 heir VVindows and Doors to keep them out ; and 
 have heard Gentlemen that lived there fay, that 
 then they have been thus fhut up within Doors, 
 
 
 
 y the Change they have felt in their Bodies. And 
 otwith{tanding that thefe VVinds are fo hot, yer 
 he Inhabitants don’t fweat while they laft, for 
 jeir Skins are hard and rough, as if they had 
 een parched by the Fire, efpecially their Faces 
 
 Hands, yet does it not make them fick. The 
 ds which are raifed by thefe VVinds are a great 
 oyance to thofe whofe bufinefs lyes abroad, and 
 o can’t keep their Houfes. For many times. they 
 wheel about and raife the Sands fo thick, that it 
 ics like finoak in Peoples Eyes ; and the Ships am 
 | at 
 
 € VVinds call’d by the Portuguife Terrenos, becaufe- 
 blow from the Land. Theie are not thofe Land. . 
 
 e Word, Chap. 20. Pag. 530. Thefe Winds are at 
 
 hey have been fenfible when the VVind fhifted 
 
 47. 
 
48 
 
 _ Of Coromandel is the Eafi-fide of this long Eat 
 
 Of Winds peculiar to forme Goats, &c: 
 that lie in the road at that time have their Decks 
 covered with this Sand. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 On the Coaft of Mavabar they have of thefe forts 
 WVinds alfo, but not at the fame time 
 the Year. For as thefe on the Coaft of Gyo 
 mandel blow in the Months of Fune, Fuly and 
 Auguft, when the Wef/t:\Monfoon Reigns ; on thé 
 contrary on the Malabar Coatt, they blow in the 
 Months of December, Fanuary and February) 
 when the Eaft or North Eaft Monfoon blows: 
 for then the Eafterly VVind, which is then th 
 true Monfoon comes over ftom the Land oF 
 this Coaft ; This being the Weft-/ide, as the Coalt 
 
 Indian Promontory. 
 
 The Perfran Gulph is as remarkable for thefe 
 hot VVinds as either of the former, they com 
 there in the Months of Fume, Fuly and A 
 guft in the Weft Monfoon time , and the he 
 there by all Accounts does by far exceed tha 
 on the other two Coatts. , q 
 _. The European Merchants that are employes 
 in the Ports within the King of Perfa ft 
 Dominions , do leave their Coaft, Habitatio 
 and Bufinef$ there, during thefe hot Months, 
 and fpend their time at I/pabam till the Ai 
 is more agreeable to their Bodies; but thei 
 Servants mutt indure it. And if any Ships ate 
 there, then the Seamen alfo muft do as well 
 as they can. “Tis reported the Commanders dt 
 keep Bathing-Troughs full of VVater to lye 
 and wallow in, and hide their Bodies from_ th 
 noifom hot Blooms. I was never in any of thefe hot 
 Winds, for | went from Fort St. George before they 
 came on the Coaft. — 
 
r Of Winds peculiar to fome Goafts, oT gg: 
 ~ On the Coaft of Guinea there are a particular fort 
 of Land-winds, ‘which are very remarkable; not 
 or their Heat, as thofe laft-mentioned , but for 
 heir exceeding Cold and Searching Nature. They 
 re called Harmatans. 1 have had an Account of 
 hem from feveral who have Traded to Guinea ; 
 ut more efpecially from a very Senfible and Expe- — 
 jenced Gentleman, Mr. Greenbil/, Commiffioner of 
 is Majefties Navy at Port/mouth ; who upon my 
 kequeft, was pleafed to fend me the following Ac- 
 punt: which the Reader cannot have better than in 
 is own Words. Where, together’with the Harma- 
 ans, he gives an Account alio of all the Winds on 
 hat Coatt: : ) 
 
 Mr. Greenhill *s Letter. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 m ol, 3 . 
 T Lave been very ill fince my return Home with the 
 | Gout; fo that I have not been capable of anfwer- 
 ye your Expectation : But being a little better reco: 
 red, I fhall make as good a return to your Enquiry 
 the Harmatans. on the Coaft of Guinea, as my 
 umflances will permit. The ufual Time. of their 
 ing ts between the latter part of December, and 
 beginning of February ; before and beyond which 
 ons, they never exceed. bey are of fo very 
 fharp and piercing a Nature, that the Seams 
 the. Floors of our Chambers and the Sides and 
 chs of our Ships (as far as they are above Water ) 
 i] open fo wide, as that with facility you may put 
 Caulking Iron a confiderable way into them, im 
 h condition they continue fo long as the Harma- 
 blows, (which 1 fometimes two or three, and 
 ry rarely five Days, which zs the very utmoft I ever 
 ferved or beard of ) and when they are gone, they 
 again and are as tight, as if it never had been. 
 Natives themfelves and all Perfons who inhabit 
 Ddd ? 
 
 thofe _.. 
 
 
 
_ which they never exceed, being the moft fettled am 
 
 without Thunder, Lightning or Rain; bur clofe gla q 
 
 Siar as oe a — 
 
 Of Winds peculiar to fome Goafts: | 
 thofe parts (during that fhort Seafon) to prevent 
 their pernicious Effetts, are obliged to confine them 
 Selves within Doors, where they endeavour their own 
 Security, by rendring their Habitations as clofe and 
 impenetrable as pofible: Neither will they once fir 
 abroad, unlefs induced thereto by a more than ordi- 
 nary Occafion, It is ae deftruttive to the Cattle alfa, 
 whofe fafe Guard confifts in their Proprietors Care, 
 who againft this Seafon ought to provide fome fu 
 hike place for them : Otherwife they muft expect but 
 a pitiful Account when the Seafon is over ; fort 
 moft certainly deftroys them, and that in a very fhore 
 lime. ‘= 
 
 This I accidentally experimented by expofing a couple 
 of Goats to the Afperity thereof, which in four hou 
 Space or thereabouts, were depriv'd of Life. Na, 
 we our felves (unlefs affifted by the like Convent 
 ency, and the benefit of fome [weet Oyls to correttine 
 Air) cannot fetch our Breath fo freely as at ott 
 times , but are almoft fuffocated with too frequer 
 and Acid Refpirations. — They generally bl 
 between. the E. and E.N. E. to the NorthwardG 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fleddy ( but frefh) Gale, I ever obferv'd ; comm 
 
 Weather , the Sun not fhining all the time: BM 
 when they expire, the Trade-wind (which conftanil 
 blows on that Coaft at W. 8. W. and S. W.) returt 
 with the aceuftomary feafonablenefs. of Weatha 
 
 _ The Coaft of Africa from Cape Palmas zo Cap 
 Formofa, des E. and E. by N. and near thofe Pout 
 ihe Land Breezes blow on that Coaft, which common) 
 begin about feven in the Evening, and continue @ 
 Night, till near that time the next Morning : Duritl 
 which interval, we are troubled with ftigking Fog 
 and Mifts off Shore, which by return of the Ste 
 Breezes upon the oppofite Points areal driven away 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ae +e 
 Of Winds peculiar io fome Goafts: 
 id we have the benefit of them, in a curious frefh 
 Je, till obout 5 in the Afternoon. 
 And here let me Nore it for a general Obferva- 
 on, [bat in thefe and all other Places within the 
 Tropicks. (as far as ever J took notice) rhe Wind zs 
 yawn by the Land. Kor if an Ifland or Head-Land, 
 vere inclining to a circular Form, the Sea and Land. 
 reezes fall in Diametrically appojite to that part 
 bere you are. So that if you are on the South file, 
 ¢ Sea-Breez fhall be at South, and the Land Breez 
 en it comes in its Seafon ) at North. 
 In getting on the al we endeavour to fall in 
 ith Cape Mount or Cape Miferada, which 7s about 
 8 Leagues to the E.S. Eaftward thereof, and after 
 bat we double Cape Palmas (whence as afore/aid, 
 Land trends away E; by N.) the Current near the 
 e fets upon that Point down into the Bite. But 
 t getting off, we as much attempt (if poffible) to 
 y hold of St.Thomas; and thence to run to the 
 outbward of the Line, perbaps 3 or. 4. Degrees , for 
 further Southerly we go, the fironger we find 
 Gales , and more beneficial for getting off the 
 ftican Coaft ; but thofe who keep to the Northward 
 ercof, generally meet with more Calms; and con: 
 ttudes we continue, till we are got between 25 and 
 Degrees to the Weftward of Cape Lopez dé 
 falyo, and then we crofs again to go either for 
 land or the Weft Indies. But by the way let mé 
 ferve to you, that when once we are to the Weft. 
 ward of the faid Cape, and in South Latitude, the 
 ent fets Northerly, and the Wind to 20 Degrees 
 atitudé, 7s at E.S.E. as (to the like number of 
 rees) onthe North fide of the Line it blows at 
 .E. Neither did lever obferve any Mutation of 
 Currents, unlefs in the Tornado-Seafon , when 
 ing their blowing they commonly fet toWind-ward, 
 @ perhaps the Moon upon Full and Change, may 
 3 ES ie aa bave 
 
 quently longer Voyages enfue. In or about thofe La- 
 
 st 
 
52 
 
 get to Windward. 
 
 - Te ee Seen ee a er as Bask 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Winds peculiar to fome Goafts. 
 have the like influence there, as in other Places 
 I never took any particular notice thereof. 
 
 The faid Tornadoes ufually come in the begi 
 of Apr. and feldom relinquifh the Gold Coaft th 
 commences, and with frequent vifits make us fe 
 of ibeir Qualities. We have fometimes three or] 
 in aday , but then their continuance is but So 
 perbaps not above two hours, and the firength 
 fry (it may be) about a quarter or balf an How, 
 bui accompanied with prodigious Thunder, Lighinmg 
 and Rain and the violence of theWind fo ex 
 dinary, as that it has fometimes rolled up the 
 wherewith the Houfes are cover'd, as clofe an 
 patily, as poffible it could be done bythe Art of J 
 The Name implys a. variety of Winds : 
 firengih of them is generally at S. E. and by 
 tbat are bound off the Coaft, they are made ufe ym 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 I fhall conclude with that moft worthy Obfervate 
 the Seafon wherein the Rains begin, which 
 Gold Coaft zs about the 10tbof April : Andt 
 be generally remarked, from 15 d. N.to 15 d. 
 Latitude, that they follow the Sun within 5 
 And fo proceed with bim till be bas touch 
 Tropick, and returns to the like Station again 
 I fhall illuftrate by the following Example, Vit 
 Corfo Caftle lies in 4, 4.55 North. About th 
 of April zhe Sum has near 12 degrees N. Dechm 
 ‘At that iime ibe Rains begin, and continue wiih 
 Inhabitants of that Place, untilbe bas performea™ 
 Courfe to the greateft obliquity from off the 
 and returned io the like Pofition South. #Ibe 
 Suppose may be obferv.d, and under ftood of other p 
 wubin ihe Tropicks, sae 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Winds peculiar to fome Goafts. 
 
 _ The Variation (of which in the Year 1680. I made 
 requent Obfervations) was 2 d. 14 m. Wefterly : 
 ind it generally flows at the aforefaid place $.S.E 
 and N. N. W. upon the Full and Change. ‘The Wa- 
 ler rifing upon Spring Tides about 6 or 7 Foot up 
 and down. I remain, : 
 
 Boni His Mat ot 
 
 B tics 3 Yard, eg a Your humble Servant, 
 
 _ Port{mouth, the Bi rey 
 sth June 1698. Heary Greenhill. 
 
 , | 
 
 Upon my Receipt of this ftom the Gentleman 
 itoref{aid, | wrote tohim again, to have his Opinion 
 bout what I[ have faid concerning the particular 
 Angitude, in which ’tis beft to rofS the Line, in 
 Boing from Guinea to the Weft Indies : And fo much 
 t his Anfwer as concerns this Matter was in 
 hefe Words. | 
 
 Mr. Greenhill’s fecond Letter, 
 SIR, oe 
 
 E Do not diffent from Croffing the ‘Line at 35 or 
 36 d. Longitude, Weftward of Cape Lopes, and 
 t may as well be done at 30. provided the Breeze 
 ontinue frefh. But if we bave but little Winds, we 
 encrally run on the South fide of the Line till we 
 tach the diftance Weft : and then Croffing we fs 
 way Weft North Weft and Weft by North for 
 Darbadoes. : 3 
 
 oy 
 
 led to you, that the further we keep to the South- 
 D dd 3 ward 
 
 Vanes te, WADE T Se eke e esas hE CORES te 
 
 - 
 
 \_ And this you may obferve, (as I bave already bin 
 
Mr. Dampier calls i.) Thefe are mighty plenty! 
 we” the Coaft of Angola azd BCG ¢ 
 
 Ta ee i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Winds peculiar to fome Goats: 
 ward of the Line, the frefher and confeq 
 more advantageous the Breezes are, = 
 
 I remain, 
 SIR, | 
 Your obliged Friend, 
 
 And moft humble Servant, — 
 
 x 
 BY 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 And here | judge it will not be unacceptable t 
 the Readerto infert two other Letters from an Ex 
 petienced Captain of a Ship, becaufe they havea 
 general Relation tothe Subje&t I am now upon, a 
 well as to the Coaft of Guinea in particular. — 
 
 Part of two Letters from Captain John Cova rf 
 Portbury, to a Gentleman im London. 
 
 GLEETER <I, 
 Honoured Sir, 
 
 Have fent Mr. Dampier’s Book, which you we 
 iT pleafed to fend me, to Captaind Thi 
 gone through it, and find it very well worth my tit 
 being very delightfome, and I believe true, q 
 
 I fi ne Jome Remarks on it, as baving fo 
 the like of what be afferts, in other places. As p.b 
 mention vs made of the Sucking Fith, or Remoral 
 
 
 
 adagatcar, and berate 
 Cape Lopes de Gonfalvas and the River Gabi 
 They are Shaped as be de/cribes them. q 
 
 AAs to what he faith p.73. I have found the India 
 an the Gulph of tiorida,offering falfe Ambergriecet! 
 Sale, and particularly in Lat.25 d, where in the Yeat 
 1693. feveral of our Men were cheated with aa a 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OF Winds peculiar to fome Coafts. 
 _ What Mr. Dampier jaith of the Lazine/s of the 
 People of Mindanao, p. 326. the very fame may be 
 Jad of the People of Loango on the Coaft of Gui- 
 “nea exatily, , 
 
 _ Their manner of Worfbip, mentioned p. 338. 7s the 
 
 ik Barbary. . 
 _ Lhe Notturnal Daneings ufed by the Hottantotts 
 t the Cape of Good Hope ee Full and New Moon, 
 541. are alfo prattifed by the Inhabitants of Loango, 
 Aolinbo andCabendo. | 
 
 I fhall give you the trouble of a {mall Relation of 
 Paffage to Loango in the Year 1693. When we 
 e fo far to the Southward as 2d. 40m. N. Lat. 
 8 d. 25 m. Longi. Weftward from the Meridian 
 Lundy, zt being 31ft of March we had fmall Wind 
 S.S. W. and §.W. with fhowers of Rain. There we 
 et with prodigious fhoals of Fifh, confifting chiefly 
  Albicores amd Bonetoes. There were alfo great 
 bers of Sharks, fome 10 or 12 Foot long. For 
 verfion we catchd above an 100 of them at times. 
 € otber Fifh we took as we bad occafion frefh and 
 efh : and one day we caught a Barrel of them with 
 
 ty Hooks. Thefe Shoals of Eifh kept ws Company 
 we were under the Equator in Long. 4 d.3 m. 
 ward of the Meridian of Lundy. Ths was 
 1 27. we bad the Winds at S. E. and S.E. by E. 
 Gales and clear Weather , but a mighty Leeward 
 ent. At the Kifhes parting witb ws that day, I 
 ht an Albicore that weighed75\. It ts a mighty 
 rong ¥ifh, fo thar the kifhing-Craft muft be very 
 rong to take them. 
 “The City of Loango I find to lye in Lat. 4 d.30m. 
 d Longi. 18d. 8 m. Eaftward from the Meridian 
 undy : from whence 1 took my departure, bound 
 ae Jamaica, Oot 771693.” * 
 _, When we find the Winds South, S. by W. and s.s.W. 
 Jrefh Gales , veerable to §.W. and back to South, we 
 d 4 ftand 
 
 
 
 ery fame with what I have feen at Algier, on the 
 
 55 
 
56 Naas Of | Winds peculiar to. fome Coafis: oe 
 
 es ee en ga SEE ST ey ey asa ee 
 
 ite 4's 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 from the Meridian of Lundy ; And there we fin 
 Winds veerable from S. E.by E. to E. by §. and 
 
 and fo they continue blowing frefh as we fill r 
 the Weftward between the Lat. of 3 and 4 d.8 
 till we make the Iland Fernando de Noronho, w 
 find to lye in Lat. 3 d.54.m.30 f. South. And byt 
 Experience of twoVoyages have found its Longi.so 
 59m. Weftward from Loango, and22 d. 51 m. fit 
 the Meridian of Lundy. This [land appears with av 
 high Pyramid. And when we come clofe to it, t 
 ramid looks like a large Cathedral. On the N.W. 
 
 fleered N. W. with frefh Gales §. E. and at E. 
 in order to crofs the Equator, and defigning to il 
 the IlandTobago : Which by my Run from the afo 
 Jad Mland, I find to lye in Lat. 11 d. 33 m. No 
 Longi. Weftward of Fernando, 28 d. 19 m. +3, 
 Metidian di/tance from Fernando 1721 Mules & J 
 by my reckoning or Fournal Tobago is Weft fi 
 she Meridian of the Ife of Lundy 51 d..10 mas 
 
 , pee ey Wea. 
 
 BR) uos 
 
Of Winds peculiar t0 fome Goasts. 
 In this Paffage between the faid Wlands we find 
 “firange Rippling and Cockling Seas, ready to leap in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gent to be firong: And it feems to be occafioned by 
 the great Riwer on the main Land, which is not far 
 from us in this Paffage. Tobago is an high Iland 
 with abrave fandy Bay on the §. W. fide, where the 
 (Dutch bad formerly a great Eort, till molefted by the 
 Englifh in the laft Dutch War. From this Ifand 
 I fhapedmy Courfe for Jamaica, and found the N. E. 
 Corner to lye in Lat. 18 d. North, and in Longi, Weft 
 from Tobago 13 d. The Meridian diftance from To- 
 hago is 749 Miles VVeft.. In our paffage we faw no 
 Land or Ifland, till we made the N. E. end of Jamaica : 
 ‘which lyeth in Longi. VVeft from the Meridian of Lun- 
 dy 64d. 10 m. andVVeft from the Gy of Loango 
 82d. 18 m. I fhall only add that I am of Opinion that 
 ibe Gallopagos Iflands do lye a great deal further te 
 ‘ibe WWeftward than our Hydrographers do place them, 
 according as Mr. Dampier hints, p. 100 of his Voy- 
 age round the World. I am, 
 
 SURE | 
 Portbury 
 Saba Your moft humble Servant, 
 1698. { : 
 Fobn Covant: 
 
 1 Past of a fecond Letter from Captain Covant ; dated 
 | from Briftol, Decemb. 10. 1697. 
 
 BEPTER D. 
 SPR} : its 
 By of the 6th Inftant came to my Hands, with 
 the enclofed Queries, which I fhall endeavour to 
 _anfwer in part, as far as my memory will affift me, 
 > being now from home, and at a diftance from my Four- 
 me als, Kc, : ae | : 
 
 
 
 Anfwers 
 
 WN eee, ee 
 
 57, 
 
 i pon the Ships Deck; which makes us think the Cur- _ 
 

 
 ee 
 
 Pee ee i eee 1S REN Oo ie RDS OEP aT Oe Te Re oe: 
 
 }, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 Anfwers to the Queries. a 
 1.Tbe Common Trade-Winds on the Coaft of Angola, 
 blow from the §. VV. to South, till about 12 d. Long, 
 from the Meridian of the Ile of Lundy. 4 
 2. I have found them always in the fame a 
 and not fubject to fhift in all the time I have ufed this 
 Coaft , except that at a {mall diftance off the shore, 
 they are fometimes a Point more totheVVeftward. 
 3. Ihe Dry Seafon on this Coaft I obferved to be 
 from the latter end of April to September ; tho’ Me 
 times intermix’d with fome pleafant foowers of Rain 
 I cannot be fo punttual as to the time of the We 
 Seafons. a 
 
 4. Ibe true Sea-Breez I have commonly found hen 
 to be from W.S.W. to VV. by 8. if itbe fair Wea 
 ther : andthe Land Breez 7s at E. by N. But if aot 
 nado happens, it caufes the Winds to fhift all ro n 
 the Compafs, and at laft it fettles at 8. VV. whichit 
 the former true Trade Wind. 4 
 
 Iam yours. 
 
 Fobn Covant. 
 
 CHAP. 
 

 
 
 
 GHA. NI." 
 Of Storms. 
 
 Storms lefs frequent, but more fierce between the 
 
 Tropicks. Prefages of their coming. Of Norths,the 
 Times and Places where they blow : Signs of their 
 
 approach: N.Banks.A Chocolatta North, A North 
 beneficial to Ships going from Campeachy to 
 
 _ Jamaica. A very uncommon way of wearing a 
 
 Ship ina North. Of Souths, the Times and 
 
 _ Places where they Blow. A Defcription of a 
 _ Soath at Jamaica, and at the Bay of Campea- 
 chy: Much Fifh kill'd by that Storm. Of 
 
  Hurvicanes, A Defcription of a terrible one at 
 
 4 Antegoe, where abandance of Fifb and Sea 
 Fowles were deftroyed by it. The difference be- 
 
 tween North Banks, and the Glouds before an 
 Hurricane : the latter adorned with radiant Go- 
 
 
 
 ¢ tours. Tuffoons in the Eaft-Indies the fame 
 
 mith Hurricanes in the Welt. Of Monfoons in 
 
 _ the Eaft-Indies. A Storm, called by the Por- 
 _ tuguefe, the Elephanta, which is the violent- 
 eft Monfoon of that Seafon, | 
 
 (xTorms within the Tropicks are generally 
 “~, known to us by fome Name or other, to di- 
 
 S 
 
 AY ftinguifh them from other common Winds: 
 
 and. though Storms are not fo frequent there, 
 
 as they are in Latitudes nearer the Poles;yet are they 
 
 “heverthelef{s expetted yearly in their proper Months; 
 and when they docome, they blow exceeding fierce, 
 
 though 
 
 59 
 
60 
 
 though indeed fome years they do not come ata ) 
 
 gee Te). a> eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Storms. 
 
 or at leaft do not blow with that fiercenef§ 
 other times. And as thefe Winds are comm 
 very fierce, fo are they but of a fhort continuanee. 
 in comparifon with Storms that we meet with in 
 higher Latitudes. oy 
 
 In the We/t Indies there are three forts, viz, 
 Norths, Souths, and. Hurriganes; In the Eaft 
 Indies there are only two forts, \.viz. Monfé 
 and Tuffoones. ASE 
 __ All thefe forts of violent Storms, except 
 Nortbs, are expetted near one time of the 
 and this is taken notice of by thofé that have be 
 any of them ; that they give certain Prefages of 
 being at hand, {everal hours before they come. 
 _ Norths are violent Winds, that frequently | 
 in the Bay of Mexico from Oéfober till March : 
 are chiefly expected near the full or change of the 
 Moon, all that time of the year, but they are mol 
 violent in December and Fanuary. Thefe Winds 
 ate not confined to the Bay of Mexico only, bit 
 there they are moft frequent, and rage with the gree 
 teft Violence. They blow on the North fide of 
 Cuba very fierce. too, and in the Gulph of Eo 
 as alfo about Hifpaniola, Famaica, &c. and i 
 Channel between Famaica and Portabe/; and i 
 the Weft Indian Sea between the Iflands and 
 Main, as high as the Ifland Trinidado. But 
 Jameca Eaftward, except on the North fide of 
 Uland Hifpaniola, they blow no harder than a 
 ty brisk Sea Wind. They are here at W. N. 
 N. W. though in the Bay of Mexico they 
 ftrongeft at N. N. W. and this is the Seafon of 
 terly Winds in thefe Eaft parts of the We/t-Indie 
 I have before noted in the third Chapter of this 
 courte. | {hall be moft particular of them 
 blow in the Bay of Mexico, and what Signs 
 give us before hand. : 
 
 = 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : Of Storms. 
 
 _ Commonly before a North the Weather is vety 
 ferene and fair,the Sky clear; and but little Wind; and 
 at too veering from its proper Point,or thecommon 
 
 S. W. and Weft a Day or two before the North 
 
 comes. The Sea alfo gives notice of a Storm, by an 
 
 extraordinary and long Ebb. For a Day or two be- 
 te a North, there will be hardly any difcernable 
 
 Flood, but a conftanr ebbing of the Sea. And the 
 Sea Fowls alfo before a Storm, do commonly hover 
 over the Land, which they do notat other times ufe 
 do, in fuch great flights and numbers. All thefe 
 gns concurring, may give any Man notice of anap- 
 proaching Storm, but the greateft and moft remark- 
 able Sign of a North, is a very black Cloud in the 
 _N. W. trifing above the Horizon to about 10 or 12 
 degrees : the upper edge of the Cloud appears very 
 even and fmooth, and when once the upper part of 
 the Cloud is 6,8, 10 or 12 degrees high, there it 
 mains in that even form parallel to the Horizon 
 without any motion; and this fometimes 2 or 3 
 
 Days before the Storm comes: At other times not 
 above 12 or 14 hours, but never lefs. 
 
 - This Cloud lying fo near the Horizon, is not feen 
 but in the Mornings or Evenings, at leaft it does 
 not appear fo black as then; this is called by En- 
 plifh Seamen a North Bank , and when ever we fee 
 fuch a Cloud in that part ofthe World, and in the 
 Months before mentioned, we certainly provide for 
 a Storm; and though fometimes it may happen that 
 fuch a Cloud may appear feveral Mornings and: 
 Evenings, and we may not feel the effects of it, or 
 but very little ; yet we always provide againft it ; 
 
 
 
 ‘Cloud. But if the WVinds alfo whiffle about to the 
 ~ South, with fair flattering VVeather, it never fails. 
 ~WVhile the VVind remainsat S. §. W. or any thing to 
 the South of the Weft it blows very faint , ee 
 
 when 
 
 
 
 ade Wind of the Coaft: and breathing gently at S, * 
 
 ~ for a North never comes without fuch a foreboding © 
 
62 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Storms. 
 
 when once it comes to the North of the Weft, i 
 begins to be brisk and veers about prefently to the 
 * North Weft, where it blows hard ; yet does it not 
 ftay there long before it veers to the N. N. W. ane 
 there it blowsftrongeft and longeft. Sometimes if 
 continues 24 or even 48 hours, and fumetimes lon 
 When the Wind firft comes to the N. W. if 
 black Cloud rifes and comes away, it may chanc 
 give but one flurry, like that of a Tornado ; and 
 then the Sky grows clear again ; and either the Wind 
 continues at N. W. blowing only a brisk Gale,which — 
 the Famaica Seamen call a Chocolate North, of 
 elfe it veers about again to the Eaft, and fettles there 
 But if when the Wind comes to. the N. W. th 
 Cloud {till remains fettled, the Wind then continues 
 blowing very fierce, even fo long as the black Bank 
 continues near the Horizon. It is commonly pretty 
 dry and clear, but fometimes much Rain falls wit 
 a North : and tho’ the Clouds. which bring Raia 
 come from the N. W. & N.N.W. yet the black Bani 
 near the Horizon feems not to move till the Hear 
 . of the Storm is broke. When the Wind ftarts from 
 the N.N. VV. to the N. ’tis a fign that theviolenc 
 of the Storm is paft, efpecially if it. veers. to the 
 Eaft of the North ; for then it foon flys about to 
 the Eaft, and there fettles at its. ufual Point and 
 brings fair VVeather: But if it goes back. from 
 the N. to the N. VV. it will lafta day ortwo 
 longer, as fierce as before ; and not without a. great 
 deal of Rain. 4 
 VVhen our Famaca Logwood-fhips are. coming 
 loaden out of the Bay of Campeachy in the North 
 Seafon, they are gladto have a North. Foragood 
 North will bring them almoft to Famaica, neither 
 have any of our Veilels mifcarried in one of thefé 
 Storms that I did ever hear of, though fometimes 
 much fhattered ; but the Spaniards do commonly — 
 fuffer by them, and there is feldom a Year but oné 
 
 ‘ae 
 ae 
 
 4 
 \ 
 ‘ 
 

 
 if Of Storms, | 
 or more of them are caft away in the Bay of Cam- 
 peachy in this Seafon: for they don’t work their fhips 
 as we do ours. They always bring their fhips too 
 ‘under a Forefail and Mizan, but never under a 
 “Mainfail and Mizan, nor yet under the Mizan 
 alone; but we generally bring to under Mainfail 
 and Mizan ; andif the VVind grows too fierce we 
 bring her under a Mizan only; and if we cannot 
 ‘Maintain that, then we balaftour Mizan: which is 
 by riffing and taking up great part of the Sail. If 
 after all this, the VVinds and Seas are too high for 
 us, then we put before it, but not before we have 
 tryed our utmoft, efpecially if we are near a Lee- 
 fhore. On the contrary, the Spaniards in the We/t 
 Indies, (as1 faid before) lye under a Forefail and 
 ‘Mizan: But this muft needs be an extraordinary 
 ‘fitain to a Ship, efpecially if fhe be long. Indeed 
 there is this convenience in it, when they are minded 
 to put away before it, tis but halling up the Mizan, 
 and the Forefail veers the Ship prefently : and I 
 judge itis for that Keafon they doit. For when 
 the Wind comes on fo fierce that they can no longer 
 Keep on a Wind, they put right afore it, and fo 
 ‘Continue till the Storm ceafeth, or the Land takes 
 ‘them up (7. e. till they are run afhore.) I knew two 
 Spaniards did fo, while I was inthe Bay. One was 
 a Kings fhip, called the Pi/cadore. She run afhore 
 ‘Ona fandy Bay, a Mile to the Weftward of the 
 “River Tobafco. The other was come within 4 or 5 
 ‘Leagues of the fhore, and the ftorm ceafing, fhe 
 efcaped fhipwreck, but wastaken by Captain Hewet, 
 Commander of a: Privateer, who was then in the 
 Bay. Her Mainmaft and Mizan were cut down in 
 the ftorm. Both thefe Ships came ftom La Vera 
 Guz, and were in the North fide of the Bay when 
 -firft the ftorms took them. And tho” we don’t ufe 
 ‘this method, yet we find means to wear our thips as 
 Well as they; for if after the Mizan is hall’d up 
 am 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
64 
 
 “re ee 
 
 Mind. Now our Main-yard and Fore-yard wet 
 _ lowered down a Port laft, as we call it, that is dow 
 
 now. He never tarried for an Anfwer, but run fot 
 ~ ward prefently, and I followed him. We went il 
 
 Tne!) Ue ae ee” es Pee ye oad 
 ¥ q 
 
 
 
 as on 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Stain ae 
 and furled, if then the fhip will not wear, we muft 
 
 do it with fome Headfail, which yet fometimes put 
 us to our fhifts. AsI was once in a very violen 
 {torm, failing from Virginia, mentioned in my. 
 age round the World, we {cudded before the Wi; 
 and Sea fome time, with only our bare Poles ; and 
 the fhip by the miftake of him that con’d,broched tog 
 and lay*in the Trough of the Sea; which then 
 went {fo high that every Wave threatned to over 
 whelm us. And indeed it'any one of them had broke 
 in upon our Deck, it might have foundred us. Th 
 Matter whofe fault this was, rav’d like a mad Mar 
 & called for an Axe to cut the Mizan Shrouds,& t 
 the Mizan Maft over Board : which indeed mi 
 have been an Expedient to bring her to her cor 
 again.Cap.Dav/s was then Quarter-mafter and a mote 
 experienced Seaman than the Mafter. He bid him 
 
 hold his hand a little in hoes to bring her fome othet 
 way to her courfe: The Captain alfo Was of his 
 
 pretty nigh the Deck, and the Wind blew fo flere 
 that we did not dare to loofe any Head-fail, for they 
 muft have blown away if wehad, neither could all 
 the Men in thefhip have furled them again;  thete 
 fore we had no hopes of doing it that way. Iwas 
 at this time on the Deck with fome others of ot 
 Men; and among the reft one Mr. Fob Sinallbome 
 who was the main Inftrument at that time of 
 faving us all. Come! faid’ he to me, let usgoa 
 ittle way up the Fore-fhrouds, it may be that mi 
 make the Ship wear ; for I have been doing it before 
 
 the Shrouds Half:maft up,. and there we {pread 
 abroad the Flaps of our Coafts, and prefently the 
 Ship wore. I think we did not ftay there above 3 
 Minutes before we grain’d our Point and came do vit 
 agalll, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - _ Of Storms. | : 
 gain, but in this time the Wind was got into our 
 
 Mainfail, and had blownit loofé , and tho’ the Main- 
 yard was down a Port-laft and our Men were got on 
 e Yard as many as.could lye one by another,befides 
 e Deck full of Men, and all ftriving to furl that 
 ail, yet could we not doit, but were forced to cut 
 
 on the Deck 
 
 fome account of Souths. 
 
 | _ South Winds are alfo very violent Winds. I have 
 _fotheard any thing of thefe fortsof Stofris, but at 
 Jamaica or by FamaicaSailers. The time when they 
 blow at Famaica is about Fune, Fuly or’. Auguft, 
 “Months that Norths never blow in. The greateft 
 TtrefS of Wind in thefe ftorms is at South, ftom 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 What they differ from the Hurricanes that tage 
 an the Carribee Iflands, 1 know not, unlefs in 
 ‘this, that they are more Conftant to one Point ofthe 
 
 furricanes do ; but thofe Storms call’d Hurricanes, 
 ‘had never been known at Famaica when I was there. 
 “Met fince I liave heard that they have felt the fury 
 are féveral times. But I was at Famaica when 
 there happened a violent South. It made great ha- 
 Wock in the Woods; and blew down many great 
 “Trees , but thete was no great damage done by it. 
 fort Royal was in great danger then of being wafhed 
 “away, forthe Sea madea breach clear through the 
 Town ; and if the violence of the Weather had con- 
 
 & 
 
 timed but a few hours longer, many of the Houfes 
 
 
 
 i, 
 
 had been wafhed away: For the Point of Land on - 
 
 Which that Town ftands, is Sand; which began to 
 Wath away apace : but the Storm ceafing, there was 
 ho further damage. This wasin uly or Augufl in 
 | the Year 1674. : | 
 
 Le Eee J 
 
 t all‘along by the Head-rope, and folet it fall down 
 
 __ Havinglargely treated of Norths, I fhall next give | 
 
 Whence its probable they are named Sows. In - 
 
 Compafs, or that they come fooner in the Year thant 
 
 65 
 
66 
 
 of the Weft Lagune. ‘Two days before this ftc 
 
 _ Weather alfo wasvery fair,and the Men.ofWarB 
 
 have fome Ships come hither in a fhort time ; 
 
 Of Storms. 3 7 
 
 I was afterwards in the Bay of Campeachy, wher 
 we had a much more violent Storm than this, ‘cal 
 alfo by the Logwood-Cutters a Souzh, It happe 
 fome time in June, 1676. 3 
 I was then cutting Logwood in the Weftern G 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 began, the Wind whiffled about to the South, 
 back again to the Eait, and blew very faintly. — 
 
 came hovering over the Land in great numbe 
 which is very unufual for them todo. This m 
 fome of our Logwood-Cutters fay; that we fho 
 
 q 
 
 they believed it was a certain token of the arr 
 ofShips,when thefe Birds came thus hovering over 
 Land. And fome of them faid they had lived at. 
 badoes, where it was generally taken notice of : and 
 that as many of thefe Birds as they {aw hovering over 
 the Town, fo many fhips there were coming thithe 
 And according to that Rule they foolifhly gueft that 
 here were a great many Ships coming hither at tha 
 time: Though ’tis impoffible that they could ima 
 there could be the hundredth part of the§ 
 arrive, that they faw Birds fly over their Head 
 that which I did mott admire was, to fee the 
 Keep ebbing for two Days together, witho 
 flood, till the Creek, where we lived, was alt 
 dry. Therewas commonly at low Water 7 of 8 
 foot Water ; but now notabove 3, even in themit 
 dle of the Creek. 
 
 About 4 a Clock the 2d day after this unufual 
 the Sky looked very black,& theWind {prusg u 
 at S.E. and increafing. In lef$ than 2 hour 
 it blew down all eur Huts, but one; and that 
 much labour we propt up with Pofts,and with Ro 
 caft over the Ridge,and faftning both ends to 
 of Trees, we fecured the Roof from flying 
 init we huddled altogether sill the ftorm ete 4 
 
 | rained 
 
Of Storms. 
 
 - fained very hard the greateft part of the {torm, and 
 | eo two hours after the Wind firft fprang up, the 
 a Waters flowed very faft in. The next Motning it 
 was as high as the Banks of the Creek: which was 
 _ higher than I had ever feen it before. - 
 _ The Flood ftill inereaféd, and run fafter up the 
 Greek than ever I faw it do in the greateft Spring: 
 ‘Tide; which was ‘fomewhat ftrange, becaufé the 
 Wind was at South, which is right off the fhore on 
 “this Coaft. Neither did the Rain any thing abate, 
 and by 10a Clock in the Morning the Banks of ' the 
 Creek were all overflown. ‘About 12 at Noon we 
 - brought our Canoa to the fide of our Hut, and 
 faftned it to the ftump of a Tree that ftood by it ; 
 at being the only refuge that we could now expects 
 for the Land.-a little way within the Banks of the 
 “Creek is much lower than where we were: So that 
 “there was no walking through the Woods becaufé of 
 the Water. Befides, the Trees were torn up by the 
 Roots, and tumbled down fo ftrangely a-crof$ each 
 Other, that it was almoft impoffible to paf$ through 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 them. 
 + The ftorm continued all this Day and the Night 
 following till 10a Cfock: then it began to abate, 
 and by 2 ia the Morning it was quite calm. 
 
 \ This ftorm made very ftrange work in the Woods 
 by tearing up the Trees by the Roots: The fhips alfo 
 iding at Tvift and at Oxe-Bufh-Key, felt the fury of 
 ‘ifto their fortow ; for of four that were riding at 
 “One-Bufh-Key, three were driven away from their 
 Anchors, one of which was blown into the Woods 
 Mf Beef-Ifland. And of the four fhips that were 
 at Tiff, three alfo were driven from their Anchors, 
 one of which was caft up about 20 Paces beyond 
 igh Water-Mark on the [Wand of Ivift. The other 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lever heard of fince. 
 # Bee 2 The 
 
 wo were driven off to Sea, and one of them was - 
 
 67 
 
 
 
68 
 
 this ftorm did not reach 30 Leagues to Wind-ward 
 
 all agrez that either they are preceded by flatte 
 
 - great glut of Rain, or elfé by both Rains and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Storms. 
 
 The poor Fifh alfo fuffered extreamly by thie 
 {torm, oy we faw multitudes of them either 
 on the fhore, or floating dead on the Lagunes. . 
 
 Trift, for Captain Vally of Famaica, went he 
 but 3 days before the ftorm began, and was not paf 
 30 Leagues off when we had itfo fierce, yet he 
 none of it: But only faw very black difmal Clo 
 to the Weftward, as-he reported at his return fr 
 Famaicato Trift 4 Months after. 
 
 I fhall {peak next of Hurricanes. 
 
 Thefe are violent ftorms, raging chiefly among 
 Caribee Ilands ; though, by Relation, Famaica hi 
 of late beenmuch annoyed by them ; but it hasbeel 
 fince the time of my being there. They are expe 
 in July, Auguft or September. 
 
 Thefe ftorms alfo as well asthe Norths or Souths, 
 give fome figns of their approach before they come 
 on. Ihave not been in any one of them my felf, but 
 have made enquiry of many Men that have, and they 
 
 unufual fmall Winds and very fair Weather, orb 
 
 together. ‘ 7 
 { fhall give an Inftance of one that gave fich 
 ning. It happened at Antego in Augu/t 1681. I 
 the Relation of it from Mr. 7obn Smallbone, be 
 mentioned, who was Gunner of aShip of 120 
 and 10 Guns, Commanded by Capt. Gadbury. 
 Before this ftorm it rained two days excefliv 
 then it held up two or three days more: but the 
 was clouded and appear’d to be much troubled, 
 but little Wind. ‘The Planters by this, were ce 
 of a Hurricane, and warned the Ship-Comma 
 to provide for it, efpecially Capt. Gadbury ; 
 hadcareend his {hip in Muskito Cove in St. Fi 
 Harbour, but a little before, and by this war 
 given him by the Planters, had gotten his a 
 
zs Of..Storms.. : 
 ‘Board again, which though all he had, yet was-but 
 about half his lading of Sugar, Moloffoes and Rum. 
 He alfo moored his fhip as fecure as he could, with 
 all his Cables and Anchors, befides fome Cables which 
 he had made faft afhore to great Trees. And about 
 7 a Clock that evening that the ftorm came, he drea- 
 ding it, went afhore with all his Men, and retired in- 
 “to apoor Planters Houfé about half'a Mile from the 
 fhore. By that time he and his Men were arrived at 
 “the Houfé, which was before 8 a Clock, the Wind 
 came on very fierce at N. E. and veering about to the 
 N. and N. VV. fettled there, bringing with it very 
 “violent Rains. Thus it continued about 4 hours, 
 “and ‘then fell flat calm, and the Rain ceafed. 
 In this Calm he fent 3 or 4 of his Men down to 
 "the Cove to fee what condition the {hip was in, and 
 “they found her driven afhore dry on the Sand, lying 
 on one fide, with the Head of her Maft fticking into 
 “the Sand; after they had walked round herand view'd 
 her a while, they returned again to the Capt. to give 
 him an Account of the Difafter, and made as much 
 “hafte as they could} becaufe the Wind began to blow 
 
 _hatd at S. VV. and it blew fo violently before they — 
 
 ~ recovered the Houfé, that the Boughs of the Trees 
 ~ whipt them fufficiently before they got thither, and 
 it rained as hard as before. The little Houfe could 
 “fearce fhelter them from the wet ,; for there was 
 little befide the VValls ftanding : For the firft North- 
 "erly Guft blew away great part of the Ridg and mott 
 of the Thatch. Yet there they flayed till the next 
 Morning, and then coming to the Ship found her 
 almoft upright ; but all the Goods that were in the 
 ~ Hold were wafh’d out,and the Sugar was wafh’d out 
 ~ of the Cask. Some of the Rum they found; a Cask 
 in one placeand a Cask in another : fome on the 
 ~ fhiore, and fome half'a Mile in the VVoods ; and fome 
 ” ftaved againft the Trees and leeked out , for it feems 
 i there had beena violent Motion in the Sea, as well 
 ie Bees | as 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 69 
 
70 
 
 that it not only fet them a-float, but dash’d many of 
 
 the Houfes were blown down,theTrees tore up by the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Storms. 
 as inthe Air. For in the beginning of the Ni 
 when the N. E. Gutt raged,the Sea ebb’d fo prodig 
 oufly, or elfé was driven oft the {hore by the violence _ 
 of the VVind fo far, that fome fhips riding in the 
 Harbour in 3 or 4 Fathom WVater, were a-ground ; _ 
 and lay fo till the S. VV. Guft came, and then the 
 Sea came rowling in again with fuch prodigious fury, — 
 
 them onthe fhore. One of them was carried upa 
 great way into the Woods: another was ftrangely 
 hurl’'d on two Rocks that ftood clofe by one another, — 
 with her head reiting on one Rock, and her ftern on 
 the other: And thus {fhe lay like a Bridge between 
 the two Rocks, about 10 or 11 Foot above the Sea, 
 even in the higheft Tides ; for the Tides do ufually 
 rile here but little, not above 2 or 3 Foot, but in thelé 
 Higenicasies it always ebbs and flows again prodigk 
 oufly. : 
 5 ie was not the Ships only that felt the fury d 
 this ftorm, but the whole Iiland futtered by it; for 
 
 Roots, or had their Headsand Limbs fadly fhatter 
 neither was thereany Leaves, Herbs or green T 
 left on the Hland, but all look’d like Winter. 
 much that a fhip coming thither a little after, 
 ufed that Trade, could fcatce believe it to be 
 fame lfland. Neither did the fury of this ftorml 
 only here, for Nevis and Sz. Chriftophers had t 
 fhares alfo ; but Mount/urat felt little of it, tho 
 not above a Fortnight atter there happened another — 
 
 with fith of divers forts, as well great as falls 
 na Pees Re Piafies) sry oe) | si 
 

 
 
 
 te Of Storms. 
 fuch as Porpoifes, Sharks, &c. and abundance ef Sea- 
 _ Fowls alfo were deftroyed by it. 3 
  Iwould not have any Man think that thefe Hur- 
 — Ticanes,or any other Storms, do always give warning 
 ' of their coming exaétly alike: For there may be 
 - fome difference inthofé figns, though all of them be 
 plain enough if well obferved. Befides fometimes 
 they are duplicated, fometimes only fingle figns, and 
 fometimes the figns may be more vifible and plain 
 than at other times: when by fome accidental caufe 
  thofe figns may be lefs vifible by Reafon of fome 
 high Hill or Mountain that may be interpos’d_be- 
 tween you and the Horizon, efpecially if any Hill 
 tyes N. E. from you, whichis the Quarter that Hur- 
 Ticanes do commonly rife in. : 
 _. The Clouds that precede a Hurricane are different 
 from the North Banks in this, that whereas the 
 Clouds preceding Norths are uniform and regular, 
 of an exa&t blacknefs even from the Horizon to the 
 upper edg of it, and that as ftreight and even asa 
 Line ftretched out.. On the contrary, the Hurricane- 
 Clouds tower up their Heads, prefling forwards as if 
 they all ftrove for precedency ; yet folinked one with- 
 ‘in another, thatall move alike. Befides, the edges 
 of thefé Clouds are guilded with various and afrigh- 
 ting Colours, the very edg of all feems to be ofa pale 
 fire colout, next that of a dull yallow, and nearer 
 the Body of the Cloud of a Copper Colour and 
 the Body of the Cloud which is very thick _ ap- 
 _ pears extraordinary Black : and altogether it looks 
 
 ‘very terrible and amazing even beyond expreflion. 
 
 Though I have never been in any Hurricane in the 
 _ Weft Indies,yet Lhave {een the very Image of them in 
 
 the Ea/t Indies,& the effets have been the very fame, 
 
 and for my part I know no difference between a 
 “Hurricane among the Carribee Iflands inthe We 
 Indies, anda Tuftoon on the Coaft of Chiza in the 
 : Eee 4 Ea 
 
betegpeie ra 
 
 T% 
 
 _ Eaft Indies, but only the Name: AndI am apt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Storms: — 
 believe that both Words have one fignification, 
 which isa violent Storm. 3 oa 
 
 I have given a large Account of one of thefe 
 in my Voyage round the World-: Chapter XV, 
 Page 414. That gave warning by flattering Weather 
 before hand, and a very difmal Cloud, fet out with 
 fuch colours as I have before defcribed, rifing in the 
 N. E. from whence the violence of the firft Guit 
 came, which was wonderful fierce and accompanied 
 with extraordinary hard Rain; then it afterwards 
 fell calm about an hour, and then the. Wind came 
 about at S. W. and blew as fierce as it did be 
 fore at N. E. which is much like the Hurrican 
 betore-mentioned at Atego, but of a longer ¢on 
 tinuance than that: Befides, in both places they 
 blow at one time of the Year, which is in Fuly, 
 Auguft or September ; and commonly negr the 
 Full or Change of the Moon, = q 
 Another thing thdt we muft alfo take notice 0 
 is, that both Places are North of the Equator 
 though not exaCtly in one Latitude. a 
 - But of thefe Tuffoons I thall fay no more now, 
 haying defcribed them _ particularly in my Voyage 
 to Tonquin, Chap. Il. Pag. 36. a ie 
 ~The Monfoons in the Ea? Indies are the ‘next 
 to be treated of ; by which I do not mean the 
 Coatting Trade-wind, fo called, which I have ab 
 ready defcribed in Page 21: of this Difcourk 
 for tho’ [ Monfoon] is a general word for the Wi 
 there, diftinguifhed by Eaft or Weft, according 10 
 the Points from whence they blow; yet it {ome 
 
 . y . . 2 OL ve nea 
 times alfo fignifies a‘Srorm, as I now takeit. ‘And 
 
 it is €afie to be underftood,. when it is ufed if 
 reference’ to the Trade-wind, or when {poken off 
 Storm ; for if applyed to a Storm, ’tis exprefs 
 ‘by fome Epethite going before : As i Tet 
 
 ‘3 a 
 . it? ae 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tible, €7c. without any diftinfion of Eaft or Welt, 
 which “is commonly ufed in {peaking of the Trade- 
 
 ‘ gl . 3 4 : ty 
 ~ Thefe Monfoons or Storms on the Coaft of Coro- 
 _mande/ are expe&ted either about Apri/ or September, 
 which are accounted the two fhifting Months. For 
 in thefe two Months the Winds begin to fhift and’ 
 arn from that Point, on which they have blown fe- 
 
 ompaf{s; as from Eaft toWeft, or the contrary : but 
 ommonly this fhift is attended with a turbulent Sky, 
 ch endsinaviolent ftorm of Wind, or exceflive 
 ns, or both: And this iscalled alfo the breaking 
 
 aft from Wicabar Mand to Sumatra, men tionedin 
 | mny Voyage round the World, Chap. XVIIL Page 496. 
 ‘This was the Apri/Monfoon. is 
 
 _ The Septemb. Monfoons ate generally more violenr 
 aan thefe laft: yet by the Account I havelately had 
 tom Fort St. George, they have fuftered very much 
 y one of the Aprz/ Monfoons (if it may be fo call- 
 
 a 
 
 ould be expeCted. bie Cy 
 As for the September Monfoons, though the time 
 f the Year is fo wellknown, andthe warnings of 
 their approach almoft certain; yet our Eaft India 
 Merchants have had very confiderable loffes there , 
 for the {trefs of the Winds blows right in upon the 
 fhore, and often: hurries the fhips from their An- 
 thors, and toffes them. in a moment on the fandy 
 Da 
 
 the greateft Inconvenience of that Fa&tory, a Place 
 ubtlefs defigned by the Englifh from its Original to 
 be the Center of the Trade of thefe Parts. For all 
 Our Faftories, jand the Trade in general, Eaft from 
 Cape Comorin, are now fubordinate to this. . ni : 
 
 gt , RRS he 
 
 hte 
 
 eral Months before, to the contrary Points of the_ 
 
 ip of the Monfoon.. It wasin one of thefe that I 
 
 ed) for it came before its ufual time, - even before it — 
 
 _ Indeed the want of a fecure Place to-Ride in, is 
 
 73, 
 
74 
 
 at come out then; but after the violent Winds ate 
 
 See < RR oe ek te eae >, Gai 
 
 Of Storms. x 
 The Dutch had once a place of Confequence, 
 ‘ealled Pa/lacat on this Coaft, about 20 Leagues to 
 the North of it ; but they withdrew moft of 
 Families and Effetts from thence in the Year 1 
 mentioned in my Voyage round the World, Chap. X) 
 Page 522. And it is very probable that thefera 
 ging Winds might be one caufe of this their defert 
 ing it: whatever was the Motive of fettling here; 
 for they have fecure Harbours, and Roads enough in 
 India,which we to our great difadvantagg very much 
 want. | a 
 But to return to the Monfoons. | 
 Thefé (as I have told you) blow fiereeft in Sep 
 tember, and, as 1 have been informed, blow on feveral 
 Points of the Compafs. i 
 The ftormy Monfoons on the Malabar Coat dif 
 fer from thefe on the Coaft of Coromandel , in 
 that they are more common, and laft even from 
 April to September, which is as long as the cof 
 mon Weft Monfoon lafts, though not fo frequent 
 and lafting in the beginning of the Monfoon, a 
 towards the latter end. a 
 _.The Months of Fuly and Auguft afford very be a 
 Weather, for then there is hardly any intermiflion, — 
 but a continued troubled Sky full of black Clo dS 
 which pour down exceffive Rains, and often vely 
 fherce Winds. But towards the breaking up oF 
 the Monfoon, they have one very terrible Storm 
 called by the Porruguefe the Eliphanta, which con 
 cludes the bad Weather. For after that they put t0 
 Sea without fear of any more Storms that Seafon. 
 _ Thefé violent Winds blow dire€tly in upon the 
 fhore ; and they damn up the Harbours on this Coafl, 
 efpecially that of Goz, fo that no Ships can go il 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c/a 
 4 « 
 
 fe ae 
 -- 
 ae 
 on 
 Sig 
 1 oa, 
 
 paft, the Channel opens again, and fo continues till 
 the next Seafon. r 
 
 LCE em Bee a Oe) 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Of Storms, 
 
 ian who was at Goa during the bad Weather. 
 
 | I fhall only take notice that thefe Storms are alfo 
 | at the fame time of the Year, when the Hurricanes 
 | Souths are in the VWeft Indies, and the Tuffoons on 
 ) the Coafts of China , Tunqueen, Cochinchina and 
 | Cambodia inthe Eaftern Parts of the Eaft Indies, and 
 that all thefe places are to the North of the Equa- 
 
 | This Relation I had froma. very ingenious Gentle- 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 woke Pe. iVEL 
 
 Of the Seafans of the Year. 
 
 The Wet and Dry Seafons on the North fide of the | 
 _ Equator 5 and on the South of it. Places fa- 
 mous for much dry Weather ; as part of Peru, 
 and Africa. A Comparifon between thofe Coafts, 
 Of raining Goafts ; as Guinea. Why Guinea 
 more fubject to Rains than the oppofite Goaft of 
 Brazil. The time of Sugar-making. Of the 
 Seafons at Suranam. Bays more fubje&t to 
 Rain than Head-Lands, Several inftances f 
 this, as at Campeachy, Panama, Tunqueen, — 
 Bengala, €6’c. Mountains more fubjeét to Rains 
 than Low Lands 5 An inftance of this at Ja 
 maica, The Ile of Pines near Cuba, a web 
 Place. So isalfo Gorgonia in the South Seas. 
 The manner how Tornadoes arife. | 2 
 
 ‘We, 2 
 ae 
 Cae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S Summer and Winter are the two moft dif 
 A ferent Seafons in our Climate; fo the Diy 
 and theWet are within the torrid Zone, and 
 are always oppofite to each other. They 
 ate often called by Europians VVinter and Summ 
 but more generally, Dryand VVet. 
 Thefe Seafons on each fide of the Equator, are a5 
 different as the Seafons of Summer and Winter ar 
 temperate Climates,or near each Pole. For as’tis S 
 mer near the North Pole, when ’tis Winter near the 
 South Pole, and the contrary : { when ’tis fair and 
 
See To Se 
 
 Of the Scafons of the Tear, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and rainy Weather South of it, and the contrary ; 
 cept within a few degrees of the Line, and that 
 in fome places only. 
 
 _ There is alfo this difference between the Torrid 
 and Temperate Zones, either North or South of the 
 Equator; that when it is fair and dry Weather in the 
 one, it is Winter in the other : and whenit is wet in 
 ‘the one, itis Summer in the other. I fpeak now of 
 
 as the Sun when it pafies the Equinox, and draws 
 towards either of the Tropicks, begins to warm their 
 tefpective Poles, and by how -much the nearer he 
 approaches, by fo much isthe Air without the Tro- 
 cksclear,dry andhot. On the contrary,within the 
 
 ae farther the Sun is off, the dryer is the Weather, 
 And as the Suncomes nearer, the sky grows more 
 cloudy and the Weather more moift: for the Rains 
 follow the Sun, and begin on either fide of the E- 
 Quator, within a little while after the Sun has croft 
 4¢ Equinox, and fo corftinue till after his return 
 ck again. 4 Te. 
 
 __ The wet Seafon on the North fide of the Equator 
 ‘inthe torrid Zone, begins in. April or May, and fo 
 “Continues till September or Offober. . | 
 
 _ The dry Weather comes in November or December, 
 and continues till Apri/ or May. 
 
 In South Latitudes the Weather changes at the , 
 
 fame times, but with this difference, that the dry 
 Months in South Latitude, are wet Months in North 
 Latitude, and the contrary, as I have faid before, 
 Yet neither doe the wet or dry Seafons {et in or go 
 “Out exactly at one time, in all Years ; neither are all 
 ‘Places fubjeCt to wet or dry VVeather alike. . For in 
 (me places it rains lef than in others ; and confeé- 
 quently there is more dry VVeather, . But generally 
 uf | Places 
 
 Places lying on the fame fide of the Equator: For 
 
 orrid Zone (though on the fame fide of the Line) 
 
 
 
 A Shy eeeigc.. 
 ity Weather North of the Equator, ’tis bluftering 
 
of VVinds. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of the Seafons of the Year. q 
 Places that lye under the Line, or near it, have 
 greateft Rains in March and September. 
 ' Head-Lands or Coafts that lye moft expof 
 the Trade-winds have commonly the heft tha 
 dry Weather. On the contrary, deep Bays or bend 
 ings of the Land, efpecially fuch as lye near the 
 Line, are moftfubje&t to Rains. Yet even among 
 Bays or Bendings, there is a great deal of difference 
 in the Weather as to dry or wet; for the VVeather, | 
 as well as the Winds feem to be much influenced by 
 accidental Caufés, and thofe Caufes themfelves, 
 whatever they are, feem to be fubje& to great ya 
 riation. : 
 But to proceed with Matter of Fa&t ; I thall be 
 gin with the dryeft Coafts, and firft with thatof 
 
 
 
 Peru, frem 3d. South to 30d. South. There it 
 never Rains, neitherat Sea for a good diftance 
 fhore, as for 250 or 300 Leagues; no nor o 
 ore for a confiderable way within Land; th 
 exactly how far I know not; yet there are ff 
 Mifts, fometimes in a Morning for two or 
 Hours ; but feldom continuing atter 10 a Clock; 
 there are Dewsalfo inthe Night. of 
 _ This Coaft lyes N.andS. ithas the Sea open 
 the VVeft, and a chain of very high Mountains 
 ning a long {hore on the Eaft,& the VVinds conftant — 
 ly Southerly, as I faid before in the fecond Chapter 
 
 In which Head I have made a Comparifon aswell 
 of the VVinds on the Coaft of Africa in the fame 
 Latitude, as of the lying of the Coafts. Only thete 
 is this difference, that the coafting Trade-winds on 
 the American fide do blow further ftom the Land 
 than thofe on the African fide. WVhich difference 
 may probably arifé frona the difproportion of the — 
 Mountains that are in the two Continents, for ’tis 
 Known that the Andes in America are fome of thé 
 higheft Mountains inthe VVorld, but whether there 
 
 ate 
 

 
 ie Of the Seafons of the Year, 
 
 areany on the Continent of Africa in thofe Lati- 
 ‘tudes fo high, I knownot. Ihave not heard of any, 
 ‘at leaft none fuch are vifible to Seamen. 
 
 ~~ Icome now to fpeak of the Weather on the A- 
 frican Coaft, which though °tis not fo dry as the 
 “Coaft of Peru, yet is it the next to it. The Weather 
 there is very dry from March till Ofober, whichis 
 the dry Seafon. : | | 
 
 _/ The rainy Seafon,which is from Offober till March, 
 4s moderate, without that excefsthatis in moft other 
 4 Places in thofe Latitudes ; fo that the wetteft Seafon 
 , * only be called fo from fome gentle fhowers of 
 ‘ain. 
 
 There are fome Tornadoes, but not fo many as 
 ate in any other Places both of the Ea? or Weft In- 
 “ties, the Peruvian Coaft excepted. And if the 
 “height of the Azdes are the caufe that the true Eaft 
  Breez does not take place in the Pacifick Sea, within 
 200 Leagues diftance from the fhore, when yet the 
 
 Goat blows within 40 Leagues of the African 
 
 
 
 Coaft ,; that Coaft may perphaps be fuppofed to 
 want fuch high Mountains. And if thofe Ameri- 
 ‘tan Mountains do ftop the VVinds from their Career, 
 why may they not as well break the Clouds before 
 they reach near the fhore, and be the caufe of the 
 dty VVeather there ? And feeing both Coafts do lye 
 ‘alike, and the VVind is alike ; why fhould not the 
 L eather be thefame; were it not for the difpro- 
 erin between the Mountains of thefe Coafts ? For 
 the Eaft fide of thofe Mountains are fupplied with 
 Rain enough, as may be known by the great Rivers 
 ‘that difembogue from thence into the Atlantick Sea, 
 Whereas the Rivers onthe South Sea-Coaft are but 
 Very few and fmall , fome of which do wholly dry 
 away for a good part of the Year; But yet they 
 “Conftantly break out again in their Seafons,when the 
 “Rainsin the Country docome, which always fall on 
 : the VVeft 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 that from its nearnefS to the Equator only, we 
 probably conjecture that it is a rainy Coaft; 
 moft places lying near the Line are very fubjett 
 Rains: yet fome more than others; and Gui 
 may be reckoned among the wetteft Places in 
 World. There may be Places where the Rains cot q 
 ie longer, but none ate more violent while they 
 alt. : & 
 
 
 
 efpecially where they bothmeet. Yet there m 
 other caufes that may hinder thofe Effetts, 
 leaft férve to allay the violence of them, as 
 doon fome other Coafts. I fhall only inftance 
 the oppofite Coaft of America between the No 
 Cape, whichlies Northof the Equator, and Ca 
 Blanco on Brazil, in South Latitude. Now t 
 Land lyes much after the Form of the Coaft o 
 Guinea, With this difference, that one Coatt a 
 outh 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 south Lat. the other lies North of the Equator, both 
 f thefe Promontories lay paralel with the Equator, 
 there’s not much difference in their diftance fiom 
 ; but that which makes the differenceis, that one 
 
 the very Wettermoft Land of the Continent of 
 rica, the other is the Eaftermoft Land of the 
 ontinent of America: The one has only an eddy 
 Vind, which feems to me to be the Effect of two 
 ontrary Winds: The other Coaft lies open to the 
 dade, and never wants a Breez. And the former is 
 troubled with Tornadoes and violent Kains during 
 the wet Seafon, whichis May, Fune, Fuly, Auguft 
 nd September : but the extreameft wet Months are 
 wy and. Auguft,, when it rains in a manner conti- 
 
 The other Coaft on the American Continent, 
 ich lyes open to the E. and N.E. or S. E. and 
 ich enjoys the freer Trade-Wind, is lefS fubjett 
 Rain; only as itlyesnear the Line, it has its part, 
 
 not to exceifSnor in any comparifon withGuinea, 
 nd as the Line is to the N. of it; fo its wet Months 
 from Ofober till April, andthe dry Seafon from 
 
 t7 degrees Northof the Line: which I do not 
 w to be fo in any other part of the World again, 
 eed Cape Lopes in Guinea, is inone degree South, 
 participates of the fame Weather that the reft 
 Guinea has, which lies to the North of the 
 ine. 
 
 Now the Reafon why Europeans do account the 
 Seafon Summer, and the wet Seafon Winter ; 
 ;becaufe the dry Seafon is their Harveft time, efpe- 
 lally in our Plantations, where we chiefly make 
 ar; for then the Canes are as yellow as Gold. 
 sy have then indeed lefS juce, but that little there 
 is very {weet. Whereas inthe wet Seafon, tho’ 
 Par the 
 
 its out Weftward the other Eaftward; and foone * 
 
 vil to Ocfober. And thefe Seafons reach even to | 
 
Se ele ee ee SEY so ee aes eet ree Cota eee ee ~ a 
 
 pa es Ez Nips aaa mie 
 
 _ Of the Seafons of the Year. : 
 thé Canesare ripe, and come to their Maturity ; yet 
 do they not yield fuch quantities of Sugar, neither is 
 it fo good, though the pains. in boiling it be alfo 
 greater. Therefore in Northern Climates, as all our 
 Plantations are in, they commonly begin to wor 
 about making of Sugar at Chriftmas , after the d 
 Seafon has brought the Canes toa good perfettic 
 But in South Climates, as on the Coaft of Br 
 they begin to workin Fuly. Some Places there are 
 in North Latitudes alfo near the Line, where t 
 Weather bears time with the Seafons in South 
 as at Swranam, which tho’ it is in North Latitud 
 yet are the Seafonsthere the fame as in South 
 tudes ; but | know not fuch another inftance 3 
 where. And though the dry Seafon is the time 
 gather in the Canes, and the wet Seafon to plant 
 yet are they not fo limited as to make ufe ‘o 
 thefe Seafons for either ; but do it chiefly for the 
 beft convenience ; for they may plant at any-time Or 
 the Year, and that with good fuccefs: efpecially 
 after amoderate fhower of Rain, which often hap 
 pens even in the dry Seafons. k 
 
 But I muft photeed. | | 
 
 I have faid before that Bays have great 
 Quantities of Rain than Head-Lands. — 
 The Bay of Campeachy isa good Inftance of this, 
 for the Rains are very great there; efpecially in the 
 Months of 7udy and Auguft. On the contrary, tit 
 Coa{t from Cape Catoch, to Cape Condecedo, whitit 
 lies more expofed to the Trade, has not near the 
 Rains as the Bay of Campeachy hath. . 
 The Bay of Honduras alfois very wet, and@ 
 that bending Coaft from Cape Gratia de Dios, evel 
 to Carthagena. But on the Coaft of Carraccos, a d 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 about Cape La Vela, where the Breezes are molt 
 brisk, the Weather is more moderate. Wheteast 
 thofe little Bays between, there is ftill a differe 
 For in the Bay of Mericaya, which lies a litt 
 

 
 | Of the Seafons of the Year. 
 
 the Eaft of Cape La Velz, there is much more Rain 
 ‘than at or near the Cape, 
 
 _ TheBay of Pamama alfo will furnifh us witha proof 
 of this,by its immoderate Rains; efpecially the South 
 fide of it, even from the Gulph of St. Michze/, to 
 “Cape St. Francis, the Rains there are from Apri/ till 
 November , but in Fune, Fulyand Augu/t, they are 
 - moft violent. 
 
 _ There ate many fmall Bays alfo Weft from the 
 Bay of Panama, which have their fhares of thefe 
 “Wet Seafons, asthe Gulph of Dylce, Caldera Bay, 
 | Amapala, &c. but tothe Weft. of that, where the 
 ~Coaft runs more plain and even, there are not fiich 
 “wet Seafons; yet many times very viclent Tornadoes. 
 _) The Eoft Indies aliohas many Bays that are fub- 
 * to very violent Rains, asthe Bay of Tongueen, 
 that of Szam, the bottom and the Eaft fide of the 
 “Bay of- Bengall. But on the Coaft of Coromandel, 
 Which isthe Weft fide of that Bay, the Weather is 
 “More moderate : that being ‘aneven, plain, low Coaft. 
 I Bat on the Coaft of Malabar, which is on the Weft 
 “fide of that Promontory, the Land is high and 
 ‘mMountainous,& there are violentRains.Indeed theWeft 
 fides of any Continents are wetter than theEaft fides, 
 the Coaft of Perw and Africa only excepted ; in the 
 fotmer of which the drynefS may be occafioned (as 
 Sfaid before). by the height of the Avdes. And ’tis 
 Mobable that the violence of the Rains near thofe 
 lountains falls chiefly on the Ea/? fides of them, 
 ind feldom reaches to their Tops: which yet if the 
 tains do they may there be broke in pieces, and 
 €ach io further. For, among other Obfervations, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with more Rains than low Lands. 1 mean the low 
 ‘Land bordering on the Sea. As for inftance, the 
 South fide of Famaica beginning at Leganea, and 
 ftom thence away to the Weftward, asfaras Black 
 | River, including all the plain Land and Savannahs 
 
 % Pil about 
 
 
 
 |Whave taken notice that. Mountains are fupplied 
 
-about Sr. Fago de la Vega, Old Harbour and Wit 
 
 Planters, whofe Plantations and Cattle have fu 
 
 _ of the Country fuffers, for I have known info 
 
 FRA OC ee Be ee eee 
 
 - Of the Seafons of the Tear. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 wood Savannahs. This isa plain level Country ft 
 many Miles lying near Eait and Weft, having th 
 Sea on the South, and bounded with Mountains o 
 the North. 
 Thofe Mountains are commonly fupplied wi 
 Kain before the low Lands. I have known the 
 Rains to have begun there three Weeks before a 
 has fallen in the plain Country, bordering on the 
 Sea; yet eyery day I have obferved very black 
 Clouds over the Mountains and have heard it thur- 
 derthere. And thofe very ‘Clouds have feemed by 
 their Motion to draw towards the Sea, but have been 
 check’d in their Courfe, and have either retur 
 towards the Mountains again or elfe have {pent t 
 felves before they came from thence, and fo 
 vanifhed away again to the great grief of t 
 
 for want of a little Moifture. Nay,thefe Tornad 
 
 have been fo nigh that the Sea Breez has d 
 
 away and we have had the Wind. frefh out of» 
 
 Clouds, yet they have vanifhed, and yielded no K 
 
 to the low parch’d Lands. ; a: 
 And I think that the want of feafonable Shev 
 
 is one of the greateft Inconveniencies that this 
 
 very dry Years, that the GrafS in the Savannahs | 
 been burned and withered for want of Rain, and the 
 Cattle have perifhed thereby for want of Food. - 
 Plantations alfo have fuflered very much by it, 
 fuch dry Seafons have not been known on the 
 fide of the Ifland where the Mountains are bord 
 ing on theSea.or at leaft but a little diftance offit! 
 there they are fupplied with feafonable Showers 
 moit all the Year, and even in the dry time it } 
 near the Full and Change of the Moon. But in me 
 wet Seafon, the Rains are more violent, which 
 their Inconvenience, 
 
Of the Seafons of the Year. 
 
 _ As for the Valleysin the Country,they are not fub- 
 _ je&t to fuch Droughts as the plain Land by the Sea, 
 at leaft I have not obferved it my fell, nor have 
 I heard it mentioned by others. 
 
 The Ifle of Pines near Cubais fo noted a placefor 
 Rain that the Spaniards inhabiting near it on Ca, 
 fay that it rains more or lefS every day in the Year, 
 
 - at one place or another, It is generally {poken alfo * 
  & beliey’d by Privateers, for ithas been oft yifited by” 
 them. I have been there my felf, but cannot con- 
 _ firm that report. However, it is well known to be 
 avery wetand rainy place. - _* 
 
 It is but a fimall [fland of about 9 or 10 Leagues 
 - long and 3 or 4 broad; and in the midft is a high 
 ~ pecked Mountain, whichis commonly clouded ; and 
 __ the Privateers fay that this Hill draws all the Clouds 
  toit ; for if there is not another Cloud to be feen 
 _ any where elfé, yet this Hill is feldom or never 
 ee clear. 
 Gorgon 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 iy ain the South Seas alfo has the fame re- 
 port. It is much fimaller than Prves. I have men- 
 tioned itia my Voyage round the World. Chap. VIL. 
 Page 172. ; 
 
 This Ifle lies about 4 Leagues from the Main : but 
 the Ifle of Pres not above 2, andis a great deal 
 bigger than it. The Main againft Gorgomia is very 
 low Land; but Cuba near Pies is pretty high, and 
 _ the Mountain of Pines is much bigger and higher 
 _ thanthe Hill of Gorgomja, which yet is of a good 
 height, fo that it may be feen 16 or 18 Leagues off ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 __ yet know that it rains very muchand extraordinary 
 a d hard. . 
 
 _ Ihave been at this Ifle three times, and always 
 found it very rainy, and the Rains very violent. I 
 -retmember when we touch’d there in our return from 
 _. Captain Sharp, we boiled a Kettle of Chocolate 
 
 before we clean’d our Bark; and having every Man 
 
 i | mi his 
 
 Ny 
 
 
 
 ~ And tho’ I cannot fay that it rains every day there, ~ 
 
 
 
 gs : 
 
 at 
 
86 
 
 all the time in the Rain; but I am confident nota 
 
 .that after we had fup’d off as much Chocolate and 
 
 larly in the Atlantick Sea. Other Seas are not 
 
 _ vety ptobable however, that the Sea has not fo gre 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 | OF the Seafons of theYear, 
 his Callabafh full, we began to fup it off, ftanding © 
 
 Man among us all did clear his Difh, for it rained 
 fo faft and fuch great drops into our Callabafhes, — 
 Rain-Water together as fufiifed us, our Callabafhes 
 were ftill above half full ; and I heard fome of t 
 Men fwearthat they could not fup it up fo faft as 
 rainedin ; at laft 1 grew tird with what I had le 
 and threw it away: and moft of the reft did fo like. 
 wife. ie 
 
 As Clouds do ufually hover over Hills and Moun- 
 tains, {> do they alfo keep near the Land. I hav 
 mentioned fomething of this in my Voyage rou 
 the World. Chap. X. Page 283. where I have fai 
 that in making Land we commonly find it Cloud 
 over the Land, tho” ’tisclear every where befide : And 
 this may ftill confirm what I have faid in the fore 
 going Difcourfé, that Hills are commonly clouded; 
 tor High Land is the firft difcerned by us, and that, 
 as I faid before, is commonly clouded. But now ]_ 
 fhall {peak how we find the Clouds, when we ar 
 but a little way from Land, either coafting along th 
 fhore, or at an Anchor by it. I hope the Read 
 will not imagine that l am going to prove that 
 never Rains at Sea, or but very little there ; for t 
 contrary is known to every Body, and I have alread 
 faidin this Difcourfe of Winds in my firft Chapter, — 
 That there are very frequent ‘Fornadoes in feveral 
 
 * 
 w 
 
 Seas efpecially near the Equator, and more particu- 
 
 much troubled with them; neither is the Atlantick — 
 fo tothe North or South of the Line: efpecially at 
 any confiderable diftance from thefhore, but yet *tis 
 
 a portion of Tornadoes as the Land hath. For wh 
 we are near the {hore within the torrid Zone, w 
 often fee it rain on the Land, and perceive it to be 
 : r Fi - = ‘ ‘ : ( very ah 
 

 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 f Of the Seafons of the Year: 
 very cloudy there, when it is fair at Sea and {carce 
 -aCloud to be feen that way. And though we have 
 the Wind from the fhore,& the Clouds feeming to be 
 ‘drawing off, yet they often wheel about again to the 
 | Land, asit they were Magnetically drawn that 
 ‘way : Sometimesindeed they do come off a little’; . 
 but then they ufually either return again or elfe in- 
  fenfibly vanifh ; and that’s the Reafon that Seamen 
 _ when they are failing near the fhore and fee a Tor- 
 nado coring off, they don’t much mind it, but cry, 
 ‘the Land will devour it : But however, fometimes 
 they fly off to Sea;"And “tis very rare that Torna- 
 does ariféfrom thence ; for they generally rife firft 
 over the Land, and that in a very ftrange manner ; 
 for even from a very fmall Cloud arifing over the 
 top of a Hill, Ihave often feen it increafe to fucha 
 _ bulk, that I have known it rain for 2 or 3 days fuc- 
 _ceflively. This I have obferved both inthe Ea/t and 
 _ Weft Indies, and in the Soutband NortbSeas. And 
 *tis impoffible for meto forget how oft I have been 
 " difturbed by fuch fmall Clouds that appeared in the 
 Night. Tis ufual with Seamen in thofe parts to 
 " fleep on the Deck ; efpecially for Privateers, among 
 “whomI made thefe Obfervations. In Privateers, 
 efpecially when we are at an Anchor, the Deck is 
 _ fpread with Mats to lyeoneach Night. ‘ Every Man 
 has one, fome two; and this with a Pillow for the 
 Head anda Rug for a Covering, is all the Bedding 
 
 "that isneceflary for Men of that Employ. 
 [have many times fpread my Lodging, when the 
 - Evening has promifed well, yet have been forced to 
 withdraw before Day ; and yet it was nota little 
 Rain that would aftight me then; neither at its 
 _ firft coming could I have thought that fuch a finall 
 ~ Cloud could afford fo much Rain: And oftentimes 
 _ both my felf and others have been fo deceived by the 
 appearance of fo fmalla Cloud, that thinking the 
 Rain would foon be over, we have laintill we were 
 tA dropping 
 
 
 
Of the Seafons of the Year, = 
 dropping wet, and then have been forced to move at 
 laft. _ But to proceed. . 
 
 [have conftantly obferved, that in the wet Seafon 
 we had more Rain in the Night than in the day ; fo 
 thongh it was fair in the Day, yet we feldom efcaped 
 having a Tornado or two in the Night. If we had 
 ~ one in the. Day, it rofe and came away  prefentl ji 
 and it may be we had an Hours Rain, more or le 
 but when it came in the Night, though there was 
 little appearance of Rain, yet we fhould have jt 3 
 or 4 Hours together ; but this has commonly been 
 nigh the{hore; and we have feenthick Clouds ovet 
 the Land and much Thunder and Lightning, and to 
 Our appearance , there was more Rain there than we 
 had; and probably out farther off at Sea, there 
 might be ftill lefS: for it was commonly pretty cleat 
 tit way, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 CH A Poavilly 
 Of Tides and Currents, 
 
 ‘The difference between Tides and Gurrents, No 
 _ place in the Ocean without Tides. Where the 
 Tides are greateft, and where fmalleft: Of the 
 Tides in the Harbour and Lagunes of Vrift ; in 
 the Bay of Campeachy. Of thofe hetmeen the 
 Capes of Virginia. The Tides in the Gulph of 
 St. Michael 5 and the River of Guiaquil, zu 
 
 the South Sea, A miftaken Opinion of a Sub- 
 
 __ terranean Gommunication between the North and 
 
 South Seas, under the Ifthmus of Darien. Of 
 the Tides at the Gallapagos Iflands ; at Guam, 
 one of the Ladrones ; About Panama; In the 
 _ Gulph of Dulce and Necoya River 5 on the 
 «Goat of Peru; i the Weft Indies; and at 
 
 - Tonqueen ; where, and at New Holland, they 
 
 are very irregular. A guefs at the Reafon of fo 
 great an ivvegularity. Of the Tides between 
 the Cape of Good Hope and the Red Sea. Of 
 Currents. They are influenced by the Trade- 
 Wind. Inftances of them at Berbadoes, €$’c. 
 _ at Cape La Vela ; and Gratia de Dios. Cape 
 Roman. Jfle Trinidado; Surinam; Cape 
 Blanco; between Africa and Brazil. Of 
 Counter-Currents. Of Currents in the Bay 
 of Campeachy ; and of Mexico 3.12 the Gulph 
 of Florida. a the Cacufes. No firange On 
 
 oY 
 
 93 
 
height of the Water. 
 
 indeed they alternately flow and ebb twice 
 
 her as’ ‘the Tides do... Neither are the Tide 2 not 
 
 ‘their Increafé and Decreafé, as well.as their diu 
 Motions, are influenced by. that Planet; - th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for the furface of the Water to run Gount 
 ats lower Parts. Of the Gurvents on the Coa 
 of Angola; Eaftward of the Cape of Good 
 Hope: On the Coaft of India, North i” 
 Line : And tn the South Sea. 
 & “B Aving treated of the Winds and Seafons if ? 
 m— Icor inthetorrid Zone, now come tof 
 B of the Tides and Currents there. An 
 the way Note. That, 
 
 
 
 of the Sea feems tobe Univerfal ; though not 
 larly alike on all Coafts; neither as to Time no: 
 
 By Gurents 1 mean another Motion of theSed, 
 which is different from Tides in feveral Retpedst 
 both as. to its Duration, and alfo as to its Cont 
 
 Tides may be compar *d to the Sea & Land-Breezt 
 in refpe& to their keeping hear the fhore ; though 
 
 Hours. Contrarily the Sea-Breezes blow on the! 
 by Day, and the Land-Winds off from it _ t 
 Night ; yet they keep this Courfe as duly in a 
 
 thofe Breezes far from the Land. a 
 Currents may be compar’d to the Coafting Tra de 
 Winds, as keeping at fome farther diftance fromth 
 fhore, as the Trade-winds do ; and’tis probable 
 are much influenced by them. 
 Tis a general belief) elpecially among Seamet, 
 That the. Tides are governed by the Moon: hat 
 
 fometimes accidental Cauies in the Winds may 
 der the true eu thereof. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Ides and Currents, 
 
 We are taught, as the firft Rudiments of Navigati- 
 o fhift our Tides; 2. ¢. to know the time of full 
 ”a in any Place ; which indeed is very neceffary to 
 known by all Englifh Sailets, becaufé the Tides 
 more regular in our Channel, than in other parts 
 f the World. | J 
 
 But my fubje& being to fpeak of the Tides with- 
 inor near the Tropick, I leave thofe in places nearer 
 and, tobe difcourfed on by Coafters, who are 
 only knowing Men in this Myftery: They hav- 
 by experience gained more knowledge in it than 
 Others; and that is always the beft Mafter. 
 
 “1 have not been on'any Coaftin the World, but 
 te the Tides have ebb’dand flow’d, either more 
 tlefs ; and this! have commonly obferved, that 
 greateft Indraughts of Rivers or Lagunes, have 
 Ommonly the firongeft ‘Tides. Contrarily fuch 
 Oafts as are leaft fupplied with Rivers or Lakes 
 the weakeft Tides ; at leaftthey are not fo per- 
 ble. Where there are greatIndraughts either of 
 ts or Lagunes, and thofe Rivers or Lagunes are 
 though the Tide runs very ftrong into the 
 ouths of fuch Rivers or Lagunes, yet it does not 
 fo high, as in fuch Places where the Rivers or 
 takes are bounded ina narrow Room, though the 
 Tides do run of an equal ftrength at the Mouthsor 
 Entrances of either. Neither do the Tides flow fo 
 h on or about Iflands remote from: the Main 
 Land, as they do on the Coafts of it. 
 I fhall firlt give fome Inftances of thefé general 
 bfervations, and then proceed to Particulars. 
 ‘The Places that 1 {hall mention fhall be fuch as 
 thave been in my felf , and where I have made the 
 bfervations before-mentioned ;1 fhall begin with the 
 uneof I7iff, in the Bay of Campeachy. 
 his Placeis very remarkable, in that it has two 
 ths of a confiderable bigneis ; the one is about 
 Mile and half Wide, and about two Mile oneuge: 
 e: pe oF | betore 
 
 Vv 
 
 Ea aS RP ss tee tae ee ee eee 
 
92 
 
 ‘Yndraughts,where the Tides fowand ebb much mt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | Of Tides and Currents, 
 before you come to a Lagune, which is feven’ 
 eight Leagues long and three wide. The other Mot 
 is 7 Leagues from it, and is about 2 Miles and hg 
 or 3 Miles wide, and about 2 Miles long, before 
 opens into the Lagune.  Befides, farther with 
 Land there are 3 or 4 more Lagunes lefs thant 
 former. 
 
 The Tides that flow or ebb inall the Lagunes 
 in or out at the two Mouths before-mentioned, whi 
 makes them run very {wift, infomuch that the 
 niards have named that Great Lagune Laguna 
 mina, ot, the Lake of Tides , becaufe the Tidesa 
 fo very {trong in thofe two Mouths. Yet, thoy 
 the Tides do run fo {wift at the Mouths of thel 
 gune, they do not rife in height proportionabl 
 that fwiftnefs; for the greateft Tides here do 
 rife and fall above 6 or 7 Foot, except force 
 extraordinary Caufes, as Storms, or the like 
 which I have {poken before. 
 
 I could alfo inftance in the Channel, between th 
 Capes of Virginia; where the Tides do run 
 fwift; yet the Floodsand Ebbs are not proport 
 bleto the fwiftnefs of the Tide between the C 
 There are not indeed {uch Lagunes as at Tri/ff,inthe 
 Bay of Campeachy; but there are many wide Rives, 
 and abundance of fmaller Creeks. Befides, in 
 places there isLow Land, whichis over-flown by: 
 Tides; {0 that all the Water that runs in withfi 
 fwiftnefS within the Capes is infenfibly fwallon 
 up. there. aie ; 
 
 Thefeare inftances of ftrong Tides, occafion 
 great Indraughts ; yet where there is but littl 
 fing-and: falling of the Water in comparifon with 
 thedtrength of the Tides at the Mouths of thofe 
 draughts! fhall next give fome Inftances of thegt 
 
 more than in the former Places ; though the Tid 
 the Mouths of thofe Indraughts does not run fwutet 
 than in thofe Places before-mentioned. 
 

 
 
 
 
 Of Tides and Currents. 
 
 I fhalt only mention two Rivers in the South. Sea, 
 that Ihave taken notice of in my Voyage round the 
 id, (viz.) theGulph of Sz. Michael ; and. the 
 erof Guzaguill, 
 
 the Gulph of Sz. Michael there are many large 
 
 ‘Leagues wide. This Lagune is barricadoed from 
 
 “the Sea with fome finalllow Mangrovy Iflands, and ~ 
 
 “between them are Creeks and Channels, through 
 which the Tides make their daily paffes into the La- 
 “gune ; and fromthence into the Rivers, and fo back 
 “again; many times over-flowing the faid Iflands, and. 
 ‘leaving the tops of the lower Trees above Water, 
 _ The Rivers that run into this Lagune are pretty 
 ‘narrow and bounded. on each fide with fteep Banks, 
 
 'as high as the Floods ufe to rife, and but very little _ 
 
 preter. For at High-water, and on a Spring-tide, 
 a Water is almoft, or altogether even with the 
 Land. | 
 The Lagune at the Mouth of the Rivers is but 
 ‘final, neither is there any other way for the Water 
 ‘to force it felf into, befide the Lagune and Rivers ; 
 ‘and therefore the Tides do rife and fall here 18 or 
 "20 Foot. 
 '_ The River of Guzagui/, in this refpett,is much the 
 fame with the Gulph of St. Michael, but the La- 
 ess near it are larget. Here the Tide rifes and 
 falls 16 Foot perpendicular. ' 
 I don’t know of any other fuch Places in all the 
 South Seas; yet there are other large Rivers on the 
 “Coaft, between thefe Places ; but none fo remarkable 
 for high Tides. The great Tides in the Gulph of 
 St. Michael have doubtlefs been the occafion of that 
 Opinion,which fome hold,that there’s ajubterreanean 
 Communication between the North and the South 
 Seas; and that the Ifthmus of Darien is like an 
 Arched Bridge, under which the Tides make their 
 “conitant Courles, as duly as they do under Lordon- 
 | Bridge. 
 
 ‘ivers, which all difembogue into a Lagune of 2 or . 
 
 93 
 
94 
 
 ‘meet with fuch ftrange Whirl-Pooles, but foun 
 
 Andiesfrom P. 538 to 440. burl am afraid he toak 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Tides and Currents. i 
 Bridge. And more to confirm this Opinion fome hare 
 faid, that there are. continual and ftrange Noite 
 made by thkofe Subterranean Fluxes and Refluxes, 
 and that they are heard by the Inhabitants of the 
 Ifthmus ; and alfo that Ships failing inthe Bay of 
 Panama are tofsd to and-fro ata prodigious rate’ 
 Sometimes. (fay they) they are by the boiling of the 
 Water, dafh’d againftIflands ; andina moment left 
 dty there, or ftaved in pieces ; at othertimes th 
 drawen or fuck’d up, as°twere, in a Whirl-Pool a 
 ready to be catried under Ground into the 
 Seas, with all Sails ftanding. They have faid 
 that when the Tide flows, - efpecially on a Sprif 
 thelIflands in the Bay are all over-flown ; nay, 
 even the Country for a great way together : 
 then nothing is to be feen, but the tops of Trees. B 
 if this were fo, *tis much that I and thofe that 1 
 with, fhould not have heard or feen fomething of 
 For | pafsd the Ifthmus twice, and was 23 days ii 
 the laft Trip that I made overit ; but yet did I nevét 
 hear of any Noifés under Ground there. 1 failed 
 alfo in the South Seas (taking in both times t 
 was there) near 3 Yeats: & feveral Months of 
 wasin the Bay .of Pazama, And after I wenta 
 thofe of our Crew that-remained there, fpent a 
 deal more time in that Bay. Yet did they 
 
 pieaent failing there, as any where in the W 
 either did Tever hear any of the Spaniards o 
 dians make mention of any fuch thing in all 
 Converfe with them; which certainly they w 
 have done, if they had ever experienced it ; h 
 been only to terrifie us, and {tate usaway from 
 Coafts. + sah | bs onary 
 
 I remember indeed our Country-man Mr. G 
 
 ives fome hints of thefé ftrange Currents in t 
 Bay, in his Book, called, A New Survey ofthe Welt 
 
 moft 
 
 
 
; Of Vides and Currents) | 
 ;oft of it upon truft from others ; or elfe he was 
 eaefick all that little Voyage : for he gives a very 
 perfect and lame Account of that Bufinefs, as if 
 underftood not what he wrote. I fhould dislike 
 is whole Book for that one ftories fake, if I did not 
 now that hehas written candidly upon other Mat- 
 ters; but I think have faid enough of this: To 
 toceed then, : Sag 
 As to the great Tides, which are reported to 
 | bein thefe Seas, I have given inftances of them, ‘but 
 they are not fo great as is reported , neither do they 
 “ebb and flow fo much any where as intheGulph of 
 St. Michael only: where indeed they flow over thofe 
 tall low Mangrove Iflands, at the Mouth of the 
 Tagune, and leave only the tops of the low Trees 
 a Water ; for thofé Iflandsare very low, neither 
 do they afford any high Trees. But however, the 
 ‘Wands at the Mouth ofthe Gulph, before you come 
 to thefé low ones, are near over-flown; yet are they 
 very {mall and low, in comparifon with other 
 Ilands in the Bay of Panama. Aud indeed fhould 
 the Iflands in that Bay be over-flown, the City of 
 Panama would foon be many Yards under Water. 
 But fo far is this from being true, that the Pear/ 
 Wands which are very flatand low, are yet never 
 Over-flown. For there the Tide rifeth and falls not 
 “above 10 or 11 Foot ona Spring, at the Southermoft 
 end of them, which is almoft oppofite to the Gulph 
 “of Sz. Michael, and not above 12 or 14 Leagues 
 diftant from it. And yet there it flows more than 
 it does at ornear Paxama, or any other Place in the’ 
 Bay (except juft at the Mouths of Rivers) by a or 
 ; Foot. Therefore all that report is wholly groun- 
 lefs. | | 
 But togo on. 
 
 I havealio obferved, that Iflands lying far off at 
 Sea, have feldom fuch high Tides as thofe that are 
 hear the.Main, or as any Places onthe Main it felf; 
 
 as 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 95 
 
96 
 
 oO 
 
 -as for example, at the Gallapagos Mlands, wh 
 
 — moit parts of that Coaft. 
 
 - Foot. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Tides and Currents. 4 
 about 100 Leagues from the Main; The Tidesdon’t 
 rife and fall above a Foot and half or two Foot, 
 which is lefS than they do on the Coaft of the Main, 
 For on moft Places of the Main it rifés and falls 2 
 or 3 Foot, more or leis, according as the Coalt js 
 more or lefs expofed toIndraughts or Rivers. 
 
 Guam, one of the Ladrone lands, is alfo another 
 inftance of this. There the Tide tiféth not above 2_ 
 or 3 Foot at moft. Inthe Bay of Panamathe Ti ey 
 do keep amore conftant and regular Courfé. thanon 
 other Places on the Coafts of Perw and Mexico, it 
 was for that reafon I called them Currents in fome 
 Places (mentioned in my Voyage round the VVorld, 
 as particularly near Guwatulca, on the Mexican Conte 
 nent, in Chap. IX. Page 238.) but it was truly a Th 
 (which there I called a Current) and it fets to 
 Eaftward as the ebb doth to the Weft. The 2 
 there do rife and fall about 5 Foot, as they doa 
 
 ae 
 
 At Ria Leja they rife and fall about 8 or j 
 
 At Amapala they alfo rife and fall about 8 or 9 foo 
 and the Flood there runs to the Eaft, and the Ebb 
 the Weft. 
 _ In the Gulph of Dulce and Neicoya River, 
 rif€ to 10 or 11 Foot ; but on the Coaft of Pe, 
 they don’t rife fo high, efpecially on all the C 
 between Cape St. Francis and the River Gutagual 
 there the Flood runsto the South, and the Ebb to 
 the North. ; — 
 
 At the Ifland Plata the Tide rifes and falls 3 of 
 Foot; but from Cape Blanco, in about 3 d. $ 
 to 30d. South, the Tides are fmaller ; ‘there 
 rife and fall not above a Foot and a half or 2 Fo 
 The Flood on this Coaft {ets to the South and t q 
 Ebb tothe North. — : 
 

 
 Of Tides and Currents. 
 
  Inall my Crufings among the Privateers, I took 
 ‘notice of the rifings of the Tides ; becaufe by 
 knowing it, I always knew where we mightbeift 
 “fall afhore and clean our fhips : which is alfo great- 
 ly obferved by all Privateers. 
 
 In moft Places of the Weft Indies, the Tide flows 
 but little over what it doesin our Channel. 
 
 : In the Ea/t Indies alfo the Tides are but finall on 
 toft Coafts, neither are they fo regular as with us. 
 
 The moft irregular Tides that Idid ever meet with, 
 ate at Tonqueen inabout 20d. North Latitude,and on 
 the Coaft of New Holland, in about 17 d. South. 
 th both thefe places, the neap Tides are fcarce dif: 
 @tnable. Thofe of Tonqueen are defcribed at large 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 When he was chief of the Englifh Factors there, 
 ‘to obferve them: And the whole Difcourfe is pub- 
 lithed in The Philofopbical Tranfattions of the Royal 
 Society: whither I refer you. 3 
 
 __ At New Holland J had two Months time to ob- 
 ‘fetve the Tides. There the Flood runs E. by N. 
 andthe Ebb W. by S. And they rife and fall about 
 five Fathom. 
 
 | In all_ the Springs that we lay here, the higheft 
 were 3 Days after the Full or Change, and that 
 Without any perceptible Caufe in the Winds or Wea- 
 ther. I muft contefs we were ftartled at it; and 
 though fome of us had obferved it in the Springs, 
 : that happened while welay onthe Sand to clean our 
 Ship, (as I have mentioned in my former Volum:, 
 Entituled, A New Voyage round the World, Ch. XVI. 
 
 Ggg Pags 
 
 by Mr. Davexport, who was imployed by Mr. Fumes 
 
 
 
 
 
98 
 
 PT Le Re FRE: 
 
 
 
 Of Tides and Currents. 
 Page 471.) yet inthat Spring that we defigned to 
 hall off, in order to be gone from thence, we did 
 all take more particular notice of it than in the” 
 preceding Springs; for many had not taken notice” 
 of it before: And therefore the Major part of the 
 Company, fuppofing that it was a miftake in us: 
 who made thofe former Obfervations, expected to 
 
 hall otf the Ship the third Tide after the Change; 
 but our Ship did not float then, nor the next Tide 
 neither; which put them all into an amazment,anda 
 great Confternation too :\ For many thought we 
 
 fhould never have got her off at all, but by dig 
 ging away the Sand; and fo clearing a Paflage for 
 
 her intothe Sea. But the fixth Tide cleared all 
 
 thofé doubts ; for the Tide then rofe fo high, asto 
 float her quite up ; when being all of us ready to 
 work, we hall’d her off; and yet the next Tidewas” 
 higher than that ; by which we were now al 
 throughly fatisfied, that the Tides here do not keep 
 the fame time as they do in England. rt 
 
 This I muft alfo obferve, That hete was no Rivet, 
 nor Lagune, nor any other Indraught on the Land 
 near us, that might occafion thefe great Tides; tho 
 tis very probable that the great Bending between 
 New Holland and New Guinea, may have both Rr — 
 vers and Lagunes, which may caufe thefe ca 
 Tides ; or elfe there may be a Paflage of the : 
 
 ore 
 
 
 
 between both Places; as it is laid down in fom 
 Draughts : Or if neither of thefe, there may be 
 at leaft a large and deep Sound. pag 
 
 This is the more probable, becaufé of the exttaor 
 dinary Flood that {ets to the Eaft-ward in all that 
 Sea, between New Holland, and the (lands lying 
 North of it; which we moft~fenfibly perceived, 
 when we were near New Holland: And fuch a Tide 
 as this muft of neceflity have a greater Indraught 
 than'barely a River or Lagune; and *tis the ike) 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 " Of Tides and Currents) 2h 
 
 Aikely till, that this Tide fhould have a Paffage 
 through between New Holland and. New Guinea, or 
 at leaf{t a deep Sound there ; becaufe it keeps along 
 * “by the Main, and doth not tun in among the Iflands 
 
 4 “Promontory of New Holland fhoots down almott 
 j to the Line, which feems to be a Barrier to it on that 
 J fide ; therefore it may in reafon be fuppofed to have 
 “its Paflage fome other way ; but of this guefs, ] 
 ~ have faid enough. 
 
 
 
 ets and the Ebb to the Weit. 
 
  Thave found the Tides at Malacca’ Town, torife 
 and fall about fix Foot on a Spring. I had the Ex. 
 _ perience of two Spring-Tides, when I was Captain 
 _ Minchins Mate, as is before- tentioned j in my Voy- 
 age from Achin to Malacca. 
 
 
 
 the Cape of Good Hope and the RedSea ; ‘the Tide 
 
 ~ On the Eaft-fide of the Aftican Coat, between 
 
 q Se its conftant Courfe. . The Flood runs to the 
 “South-ward ; the Ebb to the North-ward. And at 
 a Spring- tide in the Rivers on that Coaft, the Tide 
 
 tiles and falls fix Foot, efpecially in the River of 
 
 Natal, in Lat. 30 d. South. 
 
 
 
 ' Thave this Relation from Capt. Rogers, whois 
 
 4 a very ingenious Perfon, and well experienced on 
 
 “that Coatt ; and isnow gone Commander of a {mall 
 
 
 
 y effel thither to Trade. 
 “row to {peak fomewhat of Currents. 
 
 Ggg2 Currents 
 
 
 
 to the North of it. And befides, the Northermoft . 
 
 | i Inthe Streights of Malacca the Flood {ets to the 
 
 . _ Having already largely treated of Tides, I come | 
 
 é99 | 
 
 
 
1990 
 
 
 
 Of ‘Rses and Carrenss. 
 
 (es and Tides differ many ways ; for Tides 
 tun forward, and back again, twice every 24 
 Hours: on the contrary, Currents run a Day, a 
 Week, nay, fometimes more, one way; and thenit 
 May be, run another way. 
 
 In fome particular Places they run fix Months one 
 way, and fix Months another. ea 
 
 In other Places they conftantly run one way only 
 a day or two, about Full Moon, and thenthey run — 
 {trong againft the former Courfe ; and after that, — 
 teturn the fame way again. . a 
 
 In fome Placesthey run conftantly one way, and 
 never fhift atall. Mi 
 
 The force of Tides is generally felt near the — 
 fhore ; whereas Currents are at a remote diftancey _ 
 neither are the Effects of them fenfibly decerned by — 
 the rifing or falling away of the Water , as thofe 
 of the Tides are; for thefe.commonly fetalong fhora 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "Tis generally obferved by Seamen, that in all — 
 Places where Trade-winds blow, the Current is i 
 fiuenced by them, and moves the fame way with 
 the Winds ; but tis not with a like {wiftnefs in all” 
 Places ; neither is it always fo difcernable by usin — 
 the wide Ocean, as it'is near to fome Coaft ; and 
 yetitis not fo difcernable neither, very ‘near any 
 Coaft, except at Capes and Promontories, that fhoot — 
 jar forth out into the Sea ; and about Ilands alfo 
 the Efteéts of them are felt more or lefS, as they — 
 lye in the way of the Frade Winds. - 
 
 I {hall inftance Barbadves for one, and ail the Cat 
 ribbes may as well be included, cH | 
 

 
 SSS See 
 
 
 
 
 
 RO Meare ge eae ee Se ERT. ee ee oe eee ON ee eee eee 
 
 , | Of Tides and Currents. 
 The greater Iflands.as Hi/paniola, Famaica and 
 Cuba have only fome particular Capes or Head~ 
 
 Lands, expofed to Currents, as Cape Tibercex on 
 
 Hifpaniola, Point Pedro, and the N. E, Point of 
 Famaica, Cape de Cruz, Cape Corrientes, and Cape 
 
 _ Antonios on Cuba: But ofall the Iflands in the Weft 
 
 Indies there are none more {enfible of Currents than 
 Corrifao & Arubanor any Capes.on the Continent fo 
 remarkable for Currents as Cape Romar, which ihoots 
 out againft the Sea, betweenthofe two Places, as 
 alfo Cape Coguibaco and Cape La Vela to Leeward, 
 all three on the fame Head-Land: which fhoots 
 
 ' forth far, without any other Land on the Coait. 
 
 There is no fuch Head-Land till you come to 
 
 Cape Gratia de Dios, which is about 260 Leagues 
 
 to Leeward. . Indeed to the Eaft-ward there is 
 
 Land that trends out almoft fo far, within 150 
 Leagues of it: ( Viz.) The Ifland Trinidad and 
 
 the Land againft it ; and there alfo are great Cur- 
 rents. But I fhall firft fpeak of the Currents be- 
 
 tween Cape La Vela and Cape Gratia de Dios. 
 
 The Currents at Cope La Vela do feldom fhift, 
 
 "therefore Ships that ply to Wind-ward to get about 
 
 it, do not ply near the fhore, but ftand off to Sea, 
 
 till they come in fight of Hi/paniola, and then back 
 again, till within about 6 or 8 Leagues of the Cape, 
 
 but not nearer. But in the Wefterly Wind-Seafon, 
 
 which is from Offober till March, Ships often meet 
 
 Wefterly Winds that laft two or three Days, with 
 which they may run to the Eaftward, without — 
 any. trouble. 3 
 
 Between Cape LaVela and Cape Gratia de Dios, 
 the Currents are much different from what they are 
 
 again{t the Cape : and this feems to proceed trom 
 
 | the make of the Land; for the fhore between the 
 
 Gee 3. two 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 two Capes, runs into the Southward, making a 
 great Bay : And this Bay affords mote’ varieties of 
 Winds and Currents, than any one part of the Weft 
 Indies befides. . aa 
 
 | 2 
 Here, in the Wefterly Wind-Seafon, the Current 
 {ets to the Weftwards conftantly ; but fometimes 
 ftronger than’ at other times. - At about four — 
 Leagues oft fhore, you find it, and fo it conti 
 nues till you are 20, ——— 25, or 30 Leagues 
 ott ~~ Beyond that you meet with an Eafterly 
 Wind ; and if there is any Current it runs alfo to 
 the Wefiward : therefore Ships that are bound to 
 the Weltward, muft run of to Sea Thirty or For 
 ty Leagues to get a Wind, or elfe if they have but 
 alittle way to go, they muft ply clefé under the 
 {hore, that fo they may Anchor when they pleafe: 
 Otherwifé they will bé carried away to the Eaft 
 ward, Fourteen or Sixteen’ Leagues in a Night 
 time ; and that too, though they have a -taint 
 Fafterly Wind, as frequently they meet with, 
 
 Of Tides and Currents, 4 
 \ 
 
 see 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ha pti 
 
 though ’tis the Wefterly Wind-Seafon. ve 
 
 To the Eaft of Cape Roman, as high as the [land 
 ‘Trinidedo, you meet only a foaking faint Current 
 fetting to the Weftward, except only near fuch 
 places as thoot out fartheft into the Sea; as 
 about the ‘effegos, which are fmall Hlands lying ~ 
 to Wind-ward of the Hland Margarita. Between — 
 thofé Hlands and the Main, you meet with a pretty 
 {trong Current: therefore itis hard getting to the — 
 ‘Eaft-ward there ; but on all the Coaft, between 
 Cape Roman‘and the Head-Land, fhooting out to — 
 wards the Teffegos, you may ply up with the Land — 
 
 “@udibea-Breezese! tyivteo 600i i 
 
 From thence, till you come as high as the Eaft- 
 end of Ivinidedo Ie, you meet with an extract: 
 dinary {trong Current. cM ' Krona 
 
the ih Wages Te nn fet. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Tides and Currents, 
 From the Eaft-end of T7igdado, till you come to 
 
 Surinam , though you meet an Eafterly Current,. 
 
 yet ‘tis poffible to beat it up with the Land and 
 Sea-Breezes. 
 
 From Surianam alfo to Cape Blanco, you may turn 
 it up, though to be fure youl meet with Cur- 
 rents fetting to the Weft; except near the Full of 
 the Moon; and then on all the Coafts before-men- 
 tioned, we commonly meet with Currents, {etting 
 to the Eaftward ; at leaftthenit flackens and ftands 
 ftill, if ic doth not run to the Eaftward. Bur 
 _ when you are come as far to the Ealt as Cape 
 Blanco, on the North of Brazi/, you meet with a 
 Current always againft you; and fo from thence 
 
 Southerly, as far as Cape Sr. Auguftine. 
 
 There is no dealing with this Promontory ; for it 
 fhoots. out fo far into the Sea, and thereby lies fo 
 expofed to the Sea-Breezes and the Currents, that 
 
 foak down between Africa and Brazi/, that it isquite — 
 
 contrary to reafon to think, there {hould not always 
 be a {trong Curyent fetting to the N. W. 
 
 I have before hinted, ‘That in all places where the 
 Trade blows, we find a Current fetting with the 
 Wind, which is not fo perceptible in the wide Sea as 
 nearer the Shores ; yet even there the force of the 
 Winds conftantly blowing one way, may- and pro- 
 _bably, does move the furface of the Water along 
 with it. Omri: 
 
 From hence it may be inferred, that the Southerly 
 Winds on the Coaft of Africa, and the true Trade 
 between it and Brazi/, gently move the furface of 
 the Sea with it, and the Trade being moftly. at 
 S. E. drives the Sea to the Northward, flanting in 
 _ onthe Coaft of Brazil, which, being there ftop’d. 
 Ges 4 by 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Of Tides and Gurrents. 4 
 by the Land, bends its Courfé Northerly towards 
 Cape St. duguflime : And after it has doubled that 
 great Promontory, it falls away more gently to. 
 wards the Coaft of Swranam ; and from thence to. 
 wards the Weft Indies. For after it has doubled 4 
 that Promontory, it has moreroom to fpread it felf | 
 and thereby becomes weaker in motion, being agi. , 
 
 | 
 | 
 
 tated by the Trade-winds, which to ‘the North of 
 
 ‘the Line, we find commonly blowing-at E.N.E 
 and this ftill bears the Sea flanting down along the — 
 *Coaft to the Weftward. . And probably ‘tis for — 
 this Keafon, that we find the Current fetting {tron 
 geft near thofe Head-Lands before-mentioned. — 
 Whereas at Barbadoes, and other of the Caribe 
 Iflands, we find only a foaking Current, fuch asfeems 
 to arife only from the conftancy of the Trade-winds 
 blowing there, andnot from an original Current, — 
 from the South part of the Atlantick: which, ‘as]} 
 faid before, doubles about Cape St. Auguftine, and — 
 fo Coafts along pretty nighthe fhore. af 
 The Currents about the Ifland Trimidado, and at 
 Currifao and Aruba, as ‘alfo between them wail 
 Cape Roman {eem to indicate as much. The Cur ~ 
 rents alfo -between Cape Roman, and Cape La Vela — 
 ‘indicate thefame. a) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘From Cape LaVela the Currerts fet ftill tothe 
 ‘Weftward, towards Cape Gratia de Dios ; but ina 
 dirett Line, and not borrowing or flanting in to 
 wards the fhore. For, as I faid before, it is a large 
 Bay, and Currents commonly fet from one Head — 
 Land to another ; fo, that Bays have feldom any: of 
 if they have, theyare only Counter Currents. And 
 thefe Counter Currents too ‘do fet ftom one Point 
 ‘toanother, without interfering with the litcle Bays 
 ‘between. And *tis alfo very probable ‘that thee 
 Counter Currents, ‘fuch as we meet with in this Bay, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r Of Tides and Gurrents. 
 
 ‘their Seafons, after they have furrounded the 
 ay, and are gotas farto the Eaft as Cape La Vela, 
 heel off there, and turn about again with the 
 Stream to the Weftward, like an Eddy in a River. 
 ~ From Cape Gratia de Dios the Current fets away 
 N. W. towards Cape Catoch, and fo pafles away to 
 
 land Cape Antonio on Cuba. 
 
 ' In the Channel between thofe two Capes, we 
 commonly find a ftrong Current fetting to the 
 Northward: And here I have found them extra- 
 ordinary ftrong. 
 
 » On the North fide of Fucatan, as you pafs into 
 ‘the Bay of Campeachy, you meet with a {mall foak- 
 ing Current to the Weftward, even down to the bot- 
 tom of theBay of Mexico; but on the North fide 
 ‘of the Bay of Mexico the Current fets to the Eaft- 
 ward: And tis probable that isthe reafon, that the 
 Spaniards, coming from La Vera Cruz, keep that 
 hore aboard. And “tis as probable, that the Cur- 
 tent, which fets to Leeward, on all the Coaft from 
 ‘Cape St. Aguftine to Cape Catoch, never enters the 
 ‘Bay of Mexico ; but bends {till to the Northward, 
 ‘till °*tis check’d by the Florida fhore; and then 
 wheels about to the Eaft, till it comes nearer the 
 Gulphs Mouth, and there joyning with the foaking 
 “Current that draws down on the North fides of 
 | Hifpaniola and Cuba, pafles altogether with great 
 ‘ftrength through the Gulph of Florida, which is 
 ‘the moft remarkable Gulph in the World for its 
 “Currents ; becaufe it always {ets very ftrong to the 
 “North. Yet near the fhores on each fide this Gulph, 
 “there are Tides, efpecially on the Florida fhore ; and 
 ‘Ships may pafs which way they pleafe, if they are 
 ac uainted. 
 
 _ it has formerly been accounted very dangerous to 
 ‘meet witha North inthis Gulph; and for that 
 Reafon our Famaica Ships to avoid them, have pay 
 i ofen 
 
 the Northward, between Cape Catoch on Fucatan,. . 
 
 
 
 105 
 
| from Eaft to Weft one part of the Year, and fra 
 
 the Sea israifed in Waves and driven violently : 
 
 Of Tides. and Currents: » 
 chofen to go tothe Eaftward; and pafé throug 
 Cacufes in the Seafon that the Nozths do blow. 
 Cacufes are Sands that lye off the N. W. end.of 
 poniola, Thofe that wentftom PortRoyal in Fa 
 had good reafon for this; tor if a North took: 
 at their going out, it would help them forward 
 their way; which, fhould they have been going | 
 wards the Gulph, it would obftru& them. T 
 befides, if'a North take a Ship in the Gulph, 
 Wind blowing againft the Current makes an ext 
 ordinary Sea, and fo thick come the Waves one 
 another that a fhip can’t poffibly live init, y 
 late they go through at. all times of the Year, and 
 a North takes them in the Gulph, they put away 
 right before the Wind & Sea,with a {mall head Sa 
 yet the Current is then as ftrong or f{tronger than 
 other times; and forces them back, {tern formd 
 again{t both Wind and Sea: For tho” the furfa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 e* 
 all 
 
 the Winds to the Southward, yet the Current und 
 neath runs {till to the Northward ; neither is it am 
 fitange thing to fee two different Currents at of 
 place and time, the fuperficial Water running of 
 way, and that underneath running a quite contrayj 
 For {ometimes at ai Anchor, I have {een the Cal 
 carryed thus by two different Streams-, the u 
 part having been doubled,.one way, and the u 
 part the contrary. But “tis certain, in all other pat 
 of the World, the Current. fhifts at certa 
 times of the Year ; Asin the Eaft Indies they 
 
 Weft to Eaft the other part : Or as inthe Weft h 
 dies and Guinea, where they fhift only near a 
 Moon. This is meant of parts of the Sea near ai 
 Coait; yet there are {trong Currents in the wid 
 Ocean alfo, fetting contrary to the Rules be 
 going: I mean againft theTrade ; but ’tis not comma 
 
 On the Coaft of Guinea’ the Current fets 
 
 except 
 
Of Tide, ond Currents. 
 pt at ornear a Full Moon; but to the South of 
 Line from Loango, to 25 or 30d. the Current 
 with the Wind fromS. to N. except near the Full. 
 o the Eaftward of the Cape of Good Hope, ftom 
 ~ South, to 24 d. South, the Currents from May 
 ‘7. fet E.N.E. and the Winds then are at W.S.W. 
 ‘S. W. but from Of till May, when the Winds 
 e between the FE, N. E. and E.S. E. the Currents run 
 ithe Weit. Thefe Currentsare thus found from 5 
 Or 6 Leagues off the fhore to about 50. Within 5 
 
 eagues off the fhore you have the Tide, and nota 
 uirent, and being paft 50 Leagues off fhore, the 
 Itrent either ceafeth quite or is imperceptible. 
 On the Coaft of India,North of the Line, the Cur- 
 t fets with the Monfoon, but doesnot fhift al- 
 gether {0 foon,fometimes not by 3 Weeks or more, 
 d then never fhifts again till after the Moonfoon 
 fettled in the contrary way. As for Example, the 
 Welt Monfoon fets in the middle of Apvi/, but the 
 Current does not fhift till the beginning of May : So 
 When the Eaft Monfoon fets in aboutthe middle of 
 ptember,the Current does not fhift till Ocfober. 
 Jn the South Seas on the Coaft of Peru, the Cur- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ae Line, and to 3 or 4 d. North of it. 
 
 At the Gallapagos Iflands we found a foaking Cur- 
 Mt, not very {trong, but fo {trong that a fhipcould 
 et very little by turning ; and °tis probable that 
 Nearer the Main, they are ftronger becaufe of the 
 conftant Southerly Winds. 
 ‘The moft remarkable Places for Currents in the 
 uth Seas ; are, Cape Sr. Francis, Cape Paffao, Cape 
 Laurence and Cape Blanco. This. laft has com- 
 only very {trong Currents fetting to the N. W. 
 Ihich hinders {hips mightily ; and the more becaufe 
 itis a very windy place ; fo that many times fhips 
 “ae not able to carry their Top-fails ; and then it is 
 butbad plyingta Wind-ward againft a Current. I 
 a ae had 
 
 Toy, 
 
 fent fers from South to North, even from 30 d. to 
 
108 
 
 Of Tides and Cugrents. 
 had not fo much Experience of the Mexican 
 becaufe we commonly kept within the Verge 
 Tides. But on the Coaft of Guatamela, in the 
 of 12 d. 50 m.and 13 d. we had a Current f 
 S. W. and it is -probable that here alfo the Cur 
 fets with the Winds. For, as it is before note 
 Currents on allCoafts fets as the coaftingTraded 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 And thus have] finifhed what my own Expetiei 
 ot Relations from my Friends, have furnifhed 
 with on this ufeful Subject of Winds, Tides, Ga 
 rents, &c. which I humbly offer, not as a compl 
 and pertet Accouut, but as a rude and imped 
 Beginning or Specimen of what may better bed 
 by abler Hands hereafter. And I hope this may 
 ufeful fo far as to givea few hintsto dire&t the m 
 accurate Obférvations of others. | 
 
 Toe following Paper containing a {hort Defcription of a part of 
 that is not well known to Europeans, I thought would not be 
 ceptable to the curious Reader. Ihave therefore annexed it 
 received it from my ingenious Friend Capt. Rogers, who is 
 gone to that Place: and hath beenthere feveral times befor 
 
 HE Country of Natal takesup about 3 d. and half of 
 
 | from N.to §. lying between the lat. of 31 d. 30 m. SO 
 and 28 S. ‘Tis bounded onthe S. by a Country inhabite 
 {mall Nation of Savage People, called by our Englith Wi 
 Afen; that live in Caves and in holes of Rocks, and h 
 other Houfes, but fuch as are formed by Nature ; They 4 
 low ftature, tauny cofour’d, with crifped Hair ; They area 
 ted very cruel to their Eaemies. Their Weapous are Bo 
 poifoned Arrows. Thefe People have for their Neighbours 
 S. the Hottantots, Dellagoa isa Navigable River in Lat. 285: 
 _.bounds Natal on the N. The Inhabitants of this. Rivet 
 Commerce withthe Portuguefe of Mozambique, who oft vifi 
 in {mall Barks, and trade there for Elephants Teethy of 
 they have great plenty. Some Englifh too have lately been 
 to purchafe Teeth, particularly Capt. Freak, juft mentioned 
 my former Volume,Ch. 23. P. sto. who after he had been 18 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Natal # Africk. 
 
 of Dellagoa, and purchafed 8 or 10 Tunof Teeth, loft his 
 ¢ Ship on a Rock near Madagafcar. The Country of Natal lies 
 pen to the Indian Sea on the Eaft, but how far back it runs to 
 eftward is not yet known. 
 
 at part of the Country which refpeéts the Sea is plain 
 mpion and Woody; but within Land it appears more uneven, 
 eafon of many Hills which rifein unequal Heights above 
 | other. Yet is it interlaced with pleafant Valleys and 
 e Plains, and tis checker’d with NaturalGroves and Savan- 
 . Neither is there any want of Water ; for every Hill af- 
 s little Brooks, which glide down feveral ways; fome of 
 yhich, after feveral turnings and windings, meet by degrees and 
 ake up the River of Natal, which difchargeth it felf into 
 Eaft Indian Ocean inthe lat. of god. South. There itopens 
 ty wide, and is deep enough for fmall Veffels. But at the 
 ith of the River is a Bar which has not above ro or 11 foot 
 | Water on it in aSpring-Tide ; Though within there is Water 
 though. This River is the principal of the Country of Natal, 
 id has been lately frequented by fome of our Englifh Ships: 
 atticularly by a {mall Veffel that Capt. Rogers, formerly men- 
 tioned, commanded. 
 
 _ There are alfo other Streams and Rivers, which bend their 
 
 100 Mile within Land, and which runs due North. 
 he Woods are compofed of divers forts of Trees; many 
 which are very good Timber, and fit for any ufes, they being 
 
 ick Grafs. 
 
 The Land-Animals of this Country are Lyons, Tigers, Ele- 
 
 Phants, Buffaloes, Bullocks, Deer, Hogs, Conies, dc. Here are 
 abundance of Sea-Horfes. 
 
 aloes and Bullocks only are kept tame, but the reft are all 
 lephants are fo plenty here that they feed together in great 
 
 are feen grazing in the Savannahs, but in the heat of the 
 they retircintothe Woods , and they are very peaceable 
 t molefted. ies 
 
 eer are very numeréusherealfo. They feed quietly in the 
 nnahs among the tame Cattle, for they are feldom diftur- 
 
 d, viz. Duckand Teal, bothtame and wild: and plenty of 
 ‘s and Hens. Befides abundance of will Birds, wholly un- 
 Wn to us. 
 
 Here are a fort of large Fowlsas big asa Peacock, which have 
 
 any fine coloured eathers.. They are very rare and fhy. 
 f There 
 
 
 
 Courfes Northerly, efpecially one of aconfiderable bignefs about 
 
 and large. The Savannahs alfo are cloathed with kindly , 
 
 foops 3 1000 0r 1g00in aCompany 3 Mornings and Evenings - 
 
 109: 
 
 ee Xe ae Se 
 
 wet ffF- . ie i aca calle» a eA ae i EAN IE ti ld bid cto 
 
110 
 
 _ and their Afpett is altogether graceful. 
 
 - Took after ; for every Man knows his own, though they fin 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Natal in Africk: 
 
 ‘There are others like Curlews,but bigger. The fleth oft 
 is black, yet {weet and wholefom Meat. 3 
 
 The Sea and Rivers alfo do abound in Fifh of divers forts 
 yet the Natives do but feldom endeavour to take any, except 
 Tortoifes; and that is chiefly when they come afhore in the 
 Night tolay their Eggs. Though they have alfo another very 
 odd way, which they fometimes make ufe of to catch Turtle of 
 Tortoifes.They take a living fucking Fifhor Remora,and faftning 
 a couple of ftrings toit, (one at the head and the otherat the 
 tail. they let the fucking Fifth down into theWater on theTurtle 
 Ground, among the half-grown or young Turtle: and whe tt 
 they find that the Fifh hath faftned himfelf to the back ofa 
 Turtle, as he will foon do, they then draw him and the Turtle 
 up together. This way of Fifhing (as I haye heard) isalfoufed 
 at Madazafcar. ah. 
 
 The Natives of this Country are but of amiddle Stature, yet 
 have very good Limbs: The Colour of their Skins isblack: 
 their Haircrifped : they are oval vifaged : their Nofes neither 
 flat nor high,but very well proportioned : their Teeth are white, 
 
 They are nimble People, but very lazy : which probably isfor 
 want of Commerce. Their chief Employment is Husbandtj 
 They have a great many Bulls and Cows, which they care 
 
 all promifucoufly together in their Savannahs; yet they hae 
 Pens near their own Houfes, where they make them gentle, and 
 bring them to the Pail. They alfo plant Corn and fence 
 their Fields tokeep out all Cattle as well tame as wild, The 
 have Guinea Corn, which is their Bread ; and a {mall fort. 
 Grain no bigger than Muftard-feed, with which they maket 
 drink. : 
 Here are no_Arts nor Trades profefs’d among them, 
 every one makes for himfelf fuch neceffaries, as Need ot ' 
 nament requires, the Men keeping to their Employment 
 the Women to theirs. — 
 The Men build Honfes, Hunt, Plant, and do what is tobe 
 done abroad. And the Women milk the Cows, drefs the Vidtu- 
 als, (yc. and manage all Matters within Doors. Their Houle 
 are not great nor richly furuifhed ; but they are made clofe . 
 and well thatched, that neither Winds nor Weather ca butt 
 them. — 
 They wear but few Cloaths and thofe extraordinary m 
 The Men go ina manner naked, their common Garb being 
 a {quare piece of Cloath made with Silk Grafs or Af»ho Ri 
 wrought in formof a fhort Apron. At the uppercor 
 has two ftrapsto tye round their Waftes; and the lower ci 
 being finely fringed with the fame, hangs down to their eo 
 
ine 
 
 
 
 Of Natal in Africk. © 
 
 
 
 A e Tallow mpft be made very pure, before ’tis fit for this ufe. 
 
 Befides they lay on but a little at a time and mixt it finely 
 among the Hair; and fo it never afterwards comes off their heads. 
 When they goa Hunting, whichis but feldom, they pare off 2 
  or4 Inches from thetopof it, that fo it may fit the fnugger, 
 but the next day they begin to buildit up agains; and fo they 
 "every day till’tis of a decent and fathionable height. 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bristoat a Tallow Cap. But Boys are not fuffered to wear any, 
 
 | their Heads. The Women have only fhort Petticoates which 
 | Yeach from the VVafte to theKnee. VVhen it Rainsthey coyer 
 ‘their Bodies with a fimple Cows-hide, thrown over their Shoul- 
 
 ‘ders like a Blanket. A 
 
 
 
 
 u Guinea Corn, Beef, Fifh, Milk, Ducks, Hens, Eggs, dc. They 
  alfo drink Milk often to quench their Thirft : and this fome- 
 es when it is fweet, but commonly they let it be fower 
 ‘rit. 
 
 _ Befides Milk, whichis the common Drink, they make a bet- 
 ter fort of the fame Grain before-mentioned, purpofely to be 
 “merry with. And when they meet on fuch occafions, the Men 
 | make themfelves extraordinary fine, with Feathers ftuck into 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H i 
 
 | efides theie Head Ornaments they weara piece of Cow-hide, 
 ) made like a Tail, and ’tis faftned behind them asa Tail, reach- 
 ing from their VVafte tothe Ground. This piece of Hide is 
 - about 6 Inches broad, and each fide of it ts adorned with 
 little Iron Rings of their own making. 
 
 | WVhen they are thus attired, their Heads a little intoxicated 
 ' andthe Mufick playing, they’l skip about merrily, and fhake 
 | their Tails to fome purpofe; but arevery innocent in their 
 
 Every Man may have as many VVives as he can purchafe and 
 / maintain: And without buying here are none to be had ; 
 Neither is there any other Commodity to be bought or fold but 
 YVomen. , 
 
 - Yonng Virgins are difpofed of by their Fathers, Brothers or 
 “Neareft Male Relations. The price is according to the Beauty 
 | of the Damfel. a ie 
 
 | They have no Money in this Country, but give Cows in ex- 
 change for VVives: And therefore he is the richeft Man that 
 Ohas moft Daughters or Sifters 5 for tobe fure he will get Cat- 
 pte enough. 
 
 nC a ails Sc = nl fe a WS OH LD ee ON ee ee LE | 
 
 They have Caps made with Beef Tallow of about 9 er Ve 
 ches high. They area great while a making thefe Caps: for | 
 
 It would be a moft ridiculous thing fora Man here to be feen 
 
 The common Subfiftence of thefe People is Bread made of » 
 
 They | 
 
 “tillthey come to Maturity; and then they begin to build upon — 
 
1iz 
 
 - Delagoa; but they ftayed here till Captaia Rogers accide 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of Natal z= Africk ‘ 
 
 They make merry when they take their VVives 5 but the 
 Bride cries all her VVedding-day. They live together in 
 Villages, and the oldeft Man governs the reft 5 for all that liy 
 together in one Village area kin, and therefore willingly fubmi 
 to his: Government. | . 
 
 They are very juft and extraordinary civil to Strangers; 
 This was remarkably experienced by two Englifh Seamen 
 lived among them 5 Years; their Ship was caft away on 
 Coaft, and the reft of their Conforts marched to the River 
 
 came hither and took them away with him: They had g 
 the Language of the Country : And the Natives freely 
 them VVives and Cowstoo. They were beloved by all the 
 ple; and fo much: reverenced that their VVords were taken 
 asLaws. And when they came away, many of the Boyscryed 
 becaufe they would not takethem with them. Be 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 eR 
 
 General INDEX | 
 To both Volumes of 
 
 DAMPIER’S VOYAGES. 
 
 
 
 Note, that in this Izdex the feveral Parts of the 
 Work are thus diftinguifh’d. 
 
 O. refersto Voyage round the World; or Voll. 
 
 S. to the Supplement of the Voyage round the Worlds 
 or Vol. If Part 1. 2 
 
 C. to the Campéachy Voayges, or Vol. IL Part 2. 
 
 W. to the Difcourie of the Winds,&c. or Vol.l.Part 3; 
 
 Any Feure that has not one of thefe Capital Letters 
 immediately prefix’d, is tobe taken as referring to 
 that which goes neareft before it. | 
 
 a. fignifies De/cribes, whether wholly, or in patt. 
 
 Note alfo, That the Sheet K. Vol. Hl. Part 1. having feveral 
 Pages falfe mark’d, the Reader is defired to correct them; the 
 index referring not to the falfe figures, but thefe which ought 
 to have been there. 
 
 & 
 
 ~- & Capulco, its remarkable Land ¢.0, 244. the T. Port and 
 A Caftie d. 244, 6,7. its Tradeand Courfeof it, C. 129. 
 0.244, 5,6. 277- beh gar anaoath 
 Acapulco-Ship, its Courfe, O. 245, 6.255. 260. 283. 290, Is 
 gst. 387, 8,9. and why, 280, aim dat by the Privateers, 2445 
 255, 7, 389. but mift, 260. 303.384. like to be loft on aShole, 
 303. 384. taken by Cavendifh, 260. gs 
 ’ Accomptants, bad and good, S. 137. 
 Achar’s, Pickles, what and where, O. 391. S. 1296 : 
 Achin, Kingdom, d. %. 120, &c. its Rains and Floods, 14%, 9- 
 - and Winds, W. 39. the Road, and iflands, and Channel lying off 
 ‘it, S.121, 2,3. O. 476. the Soil and Vegetables, S. 1234 1268 
 . LAI 18k6 
 
 
 

 
 cy Se ae) ee z a x 
 7 pa uaa Ba Oe gh RE E: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. a 
 121. 0.362. Animals, S.127,8. 0.321. _ Malayan Ynhabie 
 tants, d. S. 128,9. their features, habit, &c. 7b, Arts and 
 Trades, 130, 1. Proe’s, O. 475 5 and Coire-Cables, 295. their 
 Coins, Sums and Weights, S131, 2. Mahometan Learning ant 
 Religion, O. 490. 343. S, 137.8. 148-180. Laws and Punifh 
 ments, £38, 9- 140. Government by a Queen and Oromkey’s, 141, 
 her Election,142,3.a War upon it,143,4,5, 8. the Oromkey’s have 
 have the real power, S. 141, 2,3. the Commons moft Slaves, 
 - and how, 141. City of Achin, and Buildings, 129. Merchant 
 ftrangers there. 129, 132, 4, §,6.°146. Gugurat-Brokers, 135, 
 ‘Siammers. O. 804. China Camp, Chinefe and their Trade there, 
 S. 136, 7. 8. O. 420. Price of Nutmegs there, S, 152. P 
 of Gold, O. sro. 182. and Gold Mines, d. S$. 133, 4+ 
 §. d° Acofta’s (mprifonment, and why, C. 96, 7. 
 Ads, Tools, where usd, O. 332. S. 181. ‘ 
 ZEthiopick Sea, what fo call'd by the A3 Pref. Vol. 2. See Ate 
 Bantick , Indian. 
 Africa, its Coafting-Trade-W. W.12. 13. 15. 16. 19: 20 
 not fo broad’a courfe as the Peruvian, and why? 78,7 
 Breezes (S and L.) W. 24. 29: §0,&c. its Weft Coaft 
 and when Dry, 78, 9. 83. Tides on its EaftCoaft, 99. and Cute 
 rents, 107. and Ambergriefe, O. 74. and Seals, 90. See Angi 
 C. Blanco, Guinea, R. Sherboro, C. Verd. Harmatan's. Hippopt 
 tamus. | y 
 Aguala-wood, what and whence, S. 8. 
 Ague, the A. taken ‘with one, O. 255. where frequent, 334: 
 Air good, where and when, O. 63. 108. 186. 218. 297.3 
 842, 4, 8. S. 31. bad, where and when, 0.153. 186. 221 
 8. 5.180. bad where there are Gold Mines, O. 153, 195: oll 
 phureous, when, 131. Sick. men die coming from Sea to and: 
 Alr, 113. a 
 Albicore, Fifh, where, W. 55. 
 Alcrane’s, Ifland, d. their Bufhes, Rats, and Birds, C. 24, §,8 
 48. Seals, O. 90. a 
 Alforce’s, Mindanian’s, d. O. 325. thein Wars, 325. 337444 
 Algatrane, a fort of Tar, d. O. 134. ee 
 _ Algatrofs, a Bird, where, O. 531. , = 
 Algatrojs, a Rock, d. O. 242. ( . 
 Alligator, d.C. 33.74, 5, 6,7, 8- 81, 2. where found,75,0 
 O. 256. their flefh and Eggs musky, C. 75. yet eaten, 75.0. 
 bat feldom, C. 75. their. Musk-Cods, ib. good for Dropfies,O 
 Dogs coveted by them, and fearful of them, C. 76. an i 
 indanger’d by one, 77. (fee Dampier alfo ) the Campeachy 
 lefs fierce than fome are faid to be, 82. and in general th 
 Crocodile, 76. how they and the Crocodile differ, 75, 6. 
 Almanack of Mexiéo, a Recciptin it, O. 256. of Zongu 
 China, S$. 60. ee ss 
 
oe Genernl Index. 
 
 Almond-milk, where usd, S. 148. 
 Alms of Miffionaries make and keep up their Profelites, $. 96, 
 Lignum Ales, whence, S, 8. Les, 
 C. Alta Vela, its Winds, W. 35. " 
 Altars of Idols, where and what, O. 396. 412. S. 43. 
 | AlvaradoR, T. Fort, Fifhery, Trade, and Commodities, d. 
 €. 43- 123, 4, 6, 8: 130. taken by Privateers, 124, 8. its fine 
 ' Parrots, 128, 9. ES eae 
 | Amapaila Gulph, d. O. 121, 2,4, 5,8. its Tides,W.96. Towns, 
 BO. 122, 3, 6. 
 | Amapaila,J. d. O. 122, 4, §58. 
 |. Ambergriefe, where found, O. 72, 3,4. 477- where a pro- 
 'fitable Trade to be driven for it, 480,1. a large piece of it, d. — 
 73,4. found above High-water-mark, 7b. and with Beetles in it, 
 ab. Counterfeit, where and what, 72,3. 477. W. 54. ; 
 America, its Breezes, W. 35. and Savaanahs, Q. 87. its di- 
 ‘ftance from Afia reckon’d too great, 288. from, Africa too little, 
 89. Plantains, how efteem’d there, and where found, 313, 4, 5. 
 _ Plantains and Bonano’s usd there as Bread, S. 23. Blood-wood 
 _and Stock wood, its natural growth, C. 57. Tobacco of the Phi- 
 lippines probably from thence, O. 333. its Savages lefs fo than 
 reported, 485. defirous of Trade, S. 116. paint themfelves, 
 . $37. aad wear skins naftily, $39. fee Atiantick Sea, South Sea, 
 North America, Seals there, O. 90. and where none, 7b. fee 
 alifornia, New-England, Weft-Indies, I/tomus, Mexico. Virginia. 
 South Ainerica, its Weft Couife generally rocky, Q. 90. its 
 fifth and Seals, ib. its Rock-fith, 91. aud Snappers, 7b, its Coaft. 
 ng Trade-wind broader than the African iuthe fame Latitude, _ 
 nd why, W. 78,9. where the Coaft makeslike that of Guinea,’ 
 _and what the effetts of it, 80,1, Blooms or hot Blafts theace, 
 O. 529. fee Andes, Brazil, Chili, T. del Fuezo, Welt Indies, Peru. 
 Amy (Anbay)in China, its Trade great, O. 417. aad free, 418. 
 Anatta (Otta) a Dye, where and what, O. 226,7. C.7. 113. © 
 how usd by Indians, ib. more valuable than Indico, O. 227,8. price 
 ofit,227. anadvantageia it flipt, 227, 8. 
 - Anchorings, where and whit, O. 46, 8. 55,7. 77,8. 81, 
 PA 91, G. 1009. LIC, 3,9. 125, 8. 132,3,4, 6. 144, 5,6, 9. 
 MEST, 2. 163s Ay.92 17253>. $5730 188..196,8,0), 20254, ey me 
 §212, 3. 232,3, 8,9. 242, 7,8,9. 250, 4, 7,9- 262, 6, 7- 2755 
 97> 291+ 309: 346, 7,8. 378, 9- 382, 4, $,9- 399% gol, Go 
 I7- 421, 25 3,4, 5- 439. 443. 454, 8. 463..475, 8. 5.4, 9.10, 
 2+ 13. 123. 154, 7, 9- (71,4. C.. 16. 18- 19+ 23,6,9. 30, 2. 
 4, $- §0, 1. LOL. 118. 125. W. 24. 34. 56 good on Shoal 
 oafts, O. 422,3,4, 5. badon bold Coafts, or where Cliffs and 
 Rocks, ib. See, 4arpours, Roads. ean 
 Anchovy, a vickled Fifh like it, where, S. 27. 
 “Andeman's, Wands, QO. 476. ic aaa | 
 | ho 
 
 ( 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 e 
 a 
 5 
 
 > 
 
 
 
ere ie 
 
 . fucking-fifh there, 54. 
 
 ‘economy, &c. C.60, 1,4, 53.  Ants-Eggs, where and why 
 
 rn (Spanijh) its Arrival at Portobel, O. 171,9. me i ge 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 | General Index. | 
 Andes, Ms. of Chili, Peru ( Sierra Nuveada des Andes 
 higheft in the world, O. 94,5. caufe deep Sea’s, 423. at 
 greateft breach -in. the True General Trade-w. W. ioe 
 catch the Rains, 83. : 
 St. Andrea’s, J. its Cedars, O. 29+ no provifion there, 31. a 
 ort Angels, d. O. 239. a 
 Angola, its Coaft, d, W. 27. and Winds, 12.13. 14. 30. 38 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 am 
 
 Anhay, fee Amy. | 
 Animals, fee Beafts, Birds, Fifth, Infetts. 
 _ St. Anns in Campeachy, C. 120. 
 
 C. St. Annsin Guinea, its Winds, W. 16.38. Coaft, 8. ; 
  Aunifeed, where, S.6. a Berry calf'd fo by the Dutch, 6 
 who ftcep it in their Arack, 64. 
 
 Ants of feveral forts, d. their Nefts, Travelling, Labou 
 
 fteem’d, id. OM 
 White Ants, or Wood Lice, where, S$. 127. a 
 Ant-Bears, d.C. 59, 60, I. ie 
 Ante, or Mountain-Cow,where found, and d.C, 102, 3) 4e 
 Antego harrafs'd by the Caribbee Indians, C. 6. its Curreiits 
 VV. Iol, 105.a Hurriane there, @. 68,'9, 72. another, 70. 7 
 Antivopophagi or. Man-Eaters, fee Canibals. 4 
 C. Antonioin Cuba, C.9. 28, 9. its Currents, VV. 10%, §- 
 - Anvil, what usd inftead of it, O. 332. ' 
 Apples, where, Q. 532. 
 Pine- Apples, fruit, fee Pine. s 
 : Arabick, where usd in prayers, &e., O. 331, and fd ie ; 
 137. 
 Aracan, China Earthen ware a Commodity there, $, 63- ae 
 Arack, what and where, 0.371.420. S. 53. 78. 167. 
 with Hens blood, 83. a Drug like Annife infus d in it, 63, 4. and 
 Snakes and Scorpions, 167. 
 Arek-tree and Nut (mifcall'd Bele) d. O. 318, 9. where nt 
 how usd, 311, 8, 9. 328. 336.355, 9. 457. S.54. i. 
 Punta Avena, O. 149. ae 
 Arica Bay, Calms, VV. 14. Arica Town, O. Intr.iye've 
 Pulo Arii, d. $.158, 9. 
 Arms, Silver Hoops worn on them, where, O.' 365. 
 Arms kept neat, 8.70, 1. fee VVeapons, 
 Armour of Buffalo’s hide, d. O. 432. 
 
 be | 
 di 
 
 - eral Courfe, 179. 180, 4, 5. 
 Armadillo (animal) d. C. 59. 61, 2. oS 
 Arrows headed with Flint, 0.85, 6. poifon’d, VY. rofl 
 Art of Indians, fee Indians. 
 Arts Liberal, what and where fiudied, s. 595 oe 
 ‘—Mechaniek, fee. Artit 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i . Gentral iadae, 
 _ Artificers,O. 331, Ze 5. 60. &c. ‘136.181, : 4 : 
 Aruba, J. d. O. 47. its Currenrs, VV. Io1, 4. water there 
 breeding worms in the body, C. go. gna 
  Afcension, }.deep Sea about it, O. 393. laying and breeding 
 
 there, O. 393. - 
 
 _ Afh, J. Vacca) a Ship like to be loft there, O. Intr. 1. | 
 
 __ Afia, reckon'd too broad, and too far to the Eaft, O. 288, 9, 
 fee China, Indies (Eaft)’ Perfia. i 
 
 Turkey, C. 7. VVild Afs finely ftrip’d, O. 5 3% 
 
 eckon’d too broad, 0.289. its True Trade-winds, VV. 3,5, 11° 
 Q. 549, 550. Calms and Tornado’s on the Eaft fide of it, VV. 6: 
 and near the Line, 86. where leafi, and what winds at the Line, 
 and why, 7,8. Shy Turtle, 0.449. 
 -' Aves, 1. d. O. 49, 50. D’E ‘res fhipwreck there, ib. 
 CC. St. Auguftin of Brazil, why hard to double, VV. 9. 103, 458+ 
 | «C. St. Anguitin of Florida, its Pearl-Oyfters, Q.173.. 
 _ C.St. Auzuftin of Madagafcar, the Cygnet funk there, O. §11. 
 , Avogato-pear, d. O. 203. : 
 . Terra Auftralis, incognita, Difcoveries how to be made there, 
 0.351, 2. an Ifland of it (as fuppos’d) feen by Captain Davis, 
 db. feeN. Holland. 
 _- The Anthor, fee Dampier. - : 
 . Axes, what and where usd, O. 332. much valu’d by Indians, 
 O. 483, 6. ©.41. 119. fee Hatchet. | . 
 7 Aynam, 1. its Situation, S. 8.20, 1. and Pearl-Oyfters, Q. 178. 
 ‘the Chinefe Inhalitants and their Jonks, $.8,9.  .° 
 
 _ Aximuth-Compaffes, moft us'd by Englifh, O. $33. 
 
 B. 
 
 “DP Acalas,fee Rock- fifth 
 
 g Bahama \. Ambergriefe there, 0.74. 
 
 ' Bahar, what, $.132. _ 
 
 w . Balachaun, a Pickle, d,_$.27,8. 30. 
 
 » Baldera, fee Valdera. 
 
 ' Baldivia, O. 83, 192. 
 
 _ Bamboe’s, and Hollow Bamboes, where and how usd, O. 16, 
 299+ 330, 55 6+ 367. 398. 480. 490. 8.71, 9 180, Bambo-Achar 
 or Pickle, O. 391. Bamboing, what, S.80. Bambo, a Meafure fo 
 eall'd, S$. 135. ; . 
 
 - Bancal, a weight, S. 132. 
 
 + Bancalis, its Peppet-trade, S. 182. aw'd by the Dutch, 111, 
 
 
 
 be re B ji 
 _ Bancouli, fee Bencoali, cst lee 
 4 f : Banda, 
 
 I eae Ty SPP Peay REE TL el ee ae Para ee etre Co. ONT OCS PRY 
 Sih aie pale POL oe ee Leer B ’ 
 
 
 
 place for Turtle, 107. 393. VV. 4, 5. but no food for them - 
 
 Affes, where, O. 74. fee Mules. Affes Skins how grain’d in - 
 
 ; 3 
 | Atlantick 3ea, what fo call’d by the A. fee Vol. 2. Preface’ 
 
c ia Ai. 
 General Index. 
 Banda ¥. its Nutmegs, 0.447. Cloves near it, 317¢ 
 Banditti, maim’d, and arch, S. 138, 9. 
 Bang (Ganga) intoxicating, $. 136. 
 _ North. Bank (a Cloud) fee North. | 
 Fifhing-Banks, C. 21,2. of Oyfters, 17.28. 
 Sand-Bank, high, d. C. 123,4. 
 , Banks about Villages, where, S. 44. J 
 Bantan, its Breezes, VV- 39. and Pepper, whence, 4. 182, 
 Petties there, what, 132. Theft how punifh’d, 139. reverence 
 done to the Kiag, £42, 3. a 
 Bao or Boutan, Kingdom, where, S. 61. its Commodities and 
 Trade, \64. ‘4 
 Barbadoes ravag'd by Caribbe-Indiang O. 485. C. 5. Courk 
 thither frow Famaica, VV- 40. from Gained, 10. $3. its Cured tt 
 100, 4. es 
 Barbecu, what and where, 0.20. S. 90. C. 12. 89. 
 Sanda Barbara, Harbour, O. 46. 4 
 Bark-Logs for Fifhing, O. 134. d. 141, 3, 153, 4. for ¢ cate 
 rying goods, d.141,2. where usd, ib. and for what, 143.214 
 for fingle men,and where us‘d, cies 189. d.W.38. fee Catanarans 
 Barks, fee Shipping. a 
 Bark for Tanning, O. 54. 4 
 Barlaventa Fleet, its progrefs, d. C: 125,6. ineffectual, $, 1 
 Barly at the C. of Gaod-Hope, O. 532: x q 
 Bafhee-Drink, 0.422. 4.431, 4, 3+ 5. 
 Bafhee, or the Five Iflands, O. 385. d. 420,152, 8, 6. 431,6 
 itsProduct, 426,7,8, 9. 43054; 3,5. Houles and T. om Preci 
 pices, 428, 9. Boats, 429. Inhabitants, their Habit, 427. Food 
 425, 9. 43Q 3. Euployments, 429, 433- Trade,Goverament,&t 
 431,2,4,5,6, 7- Oeconomicks and Manners, 432, 3,4. fee Bul 
 laws, fee Goat 1. Grafton 1. Monmouth 1. Orangel. and 
 Bufhee 1. properly fo call'd, d.O. 385.422, 5, 8 431, . 
 Baskets of Palmets, O. 150. 
 foe what and where, O. 357 fee Bamboing, Pa 
 nifhments. a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lacca, 109. ¥ 
 Bathing io Rivers, Loa much asd, and why 0. 330. ut 
 Bats, great, d. and where found, O. 321. 38 I. 4 
 1. of Bats, d. 0. 330, 3, 26 
 Batfha, its Pilots, S$. 11.29. 5 
 C. Bayedore, its VVinds, VV. 15. ; 4 
 ~ Bay’s, how caus'd, 0.422, 3, 4, 5. have mot Rain, VV. 7% 
 
 80, 2,2: aid Heat, S. 32. Sea-Breezes fcarce there,ib. VV.2 
 
 38. but good Land-Br. 34.feldom any but Counter-Currents,1o4s 
 Beacons fet on Shoals, O. 45>. a 
 Beads valu'd by inna OQ. 13+ 23,4. Ge 112 
 
 
 
Fee a ee de Vk) Segal a Oe, ee ON eG Be ee at) fem 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ane _ General Index. 
  Ant-Bears, fee Ant. 
 
 “fhell, 32. | 
 | Beafts, where none, O.31. nofie of prey, 320. track of one 
 
 one like a Guano, 321. 392. fee Alligators, d. Ante (Mountain- 
 Cow,) d. Ant-Bears, d. Armadillo’s, d. Beeves, Buffalo’s, Cats, 
 Conies, Crocodiles, d. Deer, Dogs, Elephants, Goats, Guano, 
 d. Hippopotamus ( River-horfe, or Sea-horfe) d. Hogs, Horfes, 
 Jaccals, Lions, Lizards, Mice, Monkies, Pecary, Porcupines, 
 Poffums ( O-poffum ) Racoons (Indian Conies) Rats, Sheep, 
 Sloths,d. Squathes, d. Squirrels, Tigers, Tiger-Cats, @. Land- Tom 
 toife, d. VVarree. Beaver-hats, old, a Commodity, C. 120. 
 Beef, how cut and order’d, C. 81. S. 30. Irifh, aCommodity, 
 - 48. fee Beeves. 
 
 hives, ib. fee Honey, VVax. Ev 
 
 - Beetles found in Ambergriefe, 0.73. 
 
 _ Beeves, inthe VV. Indies, whence,C. 98. impatient of thirft,77. 
 where, O. 44,6, 8. 62.75. 115. 124, 8. 1372 176. 186. 211, 84 
 P 221, 3. 239. 240. 250, 8, 9. 260,4, 5, 9. 320. 364, 9 378, 9- 
 382,7. 406.419. §40, 6. §.25. 30. 127-163. 181. VV. 34.fmelt 
 Off at Sea, ib. bad where, $.31. eaten raw, 30. fing’d like Hogs, 
 1ab. Hides how dreft, C. 88. Beeve-hunting, d. C. 81, 3,4, 5, 6 
 ‘in aCanoa, 81. dangerous, 99.120. fee Hockfing. 
 
 | Beef-l. d. C. 50, 1, 3677.88.92 tolol. 120. VV. 34. 67. fu- 
 ) gitive Indians there, d. C. 94, 5, 5- , 
 
 Begging people, O. 327, 8. 358,9- 365, 9- 370+ 433.5. 13. 
 
 _ Bells, where made, $. 60.101. Mufical, ftruck upon, O. 342. 
 with claws, worfhipt, 411, 2. 
 
 ' Bellows, a particular fort, d. ©. 332.429. 
 
 _ Benches for Rowing, moveable, ©. 480, 1. 
 
 ‘yet a goo! Spring there, 525. Product and Native Malayans. 
 6 180, 1. Icolatrous Sacrifice there, O. 397, $.59. The Fort, 
 S. 180, 3. ill govern’d. O. 518. 519. 520. $. 183, 4. the A. 
 Gurner of it, O. 512. 518. 5. 183. its Trade, O. 420. S. 63; 
 Tio, 1. 182. 
 _ Bengal Kay, low Shores, O. 425,.- its VVinds, S. 179. VY.20,1. 
 Commcdities, $. 145.173. Butter, d. 146, a Venemous Beaft 
 ‘there, O. 321. 
 
 | Bengal-Channel by Achin, $8. i22, ; 
 | Bermudas, t. dangecous Coafts, O. 405. Cedars, 29. Palmeto- 
 works, 150. Ambergriefe, 74. ‘ / 
 
 _ Berries us'd in Drink, fee Arack, Bafhee-Drink. 
 _ Berle-tree a leaf, d. (mifcall’d Arck) O. 319. S$. 24. how usd, 
 54- whence, &. 25. blacks the Teeth, 128. oe ee ae 
 
 Beards of the Chine/e, O. 407. whef@ none, 464. of Tortoife- 
 
 “at N. Holland, 463. in the VVoods of Nicobar, 483. Venemous ° 
 
 Bees, a large ard {mall fort, d. C. 112. their Honey and Trunk- — 
 
 Bencouli, d.S. 179. &c. fickly, 112,180. bad VVater, O. 5246 
 
1 
 
 ie 
 
 ape Soe by — ee Ee See te ees eee eke ce ak ee ee 
 toi * 5 ? SAE 5 : a VES eae ee 
 : : i 
 
 yf - \ ~ 
 we General Index. 
  Bill-birds, d. C. 6s, 9. bats 
  Birds(and Fowls)where none,O. 31.282. many or few a 
 is Grain,426. at Sea,a fign of Land near,282.531-kill'd by a Hum 
 cane,VV.71. fmall,of feveral forts, 0.321.406. 426.8.26.fee A 
 trofs, d. Bats, large, d. Bill-birds, ¢. Black fmall Birds, d. Bl 
 birds, or chatteting Crows, ¢. Boobies, d. Cockrecoo’s, Co ng 
 tants, d. Corrofo’s, d. Crab-catchers, d. Crockadores,d. Carrion 
 Crows, d. Curlews,d. Ducks, VVild-Duck and Mallard, @. E 
 birds, d@. Fifhing Hawks, d. Flamingoes, d. Geefe, Seas 
 Herons, d. Humming-birds, d. Maccawes. Man of VVarebird 
 Mango-Volucres,d. Natal-bird,d. Noddies,d. Parrakites. Parro 
 Partridges. Pelicans, d.-Penguins, d. Poultry ( Dunghill-f 
 Cocks and Hens ) d. Quams,d. Subtle-Jacks, d. Teal. Trop 
 birds, d. Turkies. Turtle-Doves. es 
 Black {mall Bird, d. O. 97. 
 ~ Black: bird, a fort, call’d Chattering-Crows, d.C. 65, 6. 
 C. Blanco of Africa, its Sands blown off toSea, VV.15. 
 C. Blanco of Brazil, its Coaft, d. VV. 80, 1. VVeather, if, 
 VVinds, 7. Currents, 103. eM 
 "©. Blanco of Mexico, d.O. 111, 2. its Popogaio’s, VV. 46. fe 
 C. Blanco of Peru, lies N.cf the Pacifick-Sea, ©.1 53+ de 138,06 
 147. why hard to double, W. 33.40. its Tides, ‘96.’ and Cuts 
 rents, 107. a: = 
 I. Blanco, d.O.§7, 8. its large Green-Turtle, 10. = 
 Blew Mountain in Famaica, C. 8. “- 
 _ Blewfields R. d. O. 33. its Manatee and Indians, ib. their flone 
 hatchets, ib. 85. , o 
 Blewfields in Famaica, C. 38.W.46. its Lance-wood; 0, 11% 
 , Blood- wood, d. 0. 115. C. 57,8. feeCam-wood. + 
 Blooms or Hot-Blafts, where, O. 529. W. 47. 
 _ Boats, what, where, and how us’d, O. 2. 292,8, 9. d. 420, de 
 480. 492. W.31.S. 8. 13.14. 45,8. none, where, O. 464, 8 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fee Canoa’s, Oars, Proes, Tholes, Shipping. 
 Bob-wood, O. 35 
 R. des Bocca’s,d. ©.118, 9. 120. | a 
 Bocca del Drago, its Manatee, O. 33. and Savages, 486. 
 Bocca-Toro, its fite, and Careening,O.38. Green Turtle,ib 
 Manatee, 33. Visello’s, plenty, 235. Savages, 38. 486. 
 Bodies of people, ice Complexion, Countenance, Featut 
 Hair, Limbs, Shape, Stature. . 
 Bonairy (Bonayre) 1. d. its Road, People, Produét, 0. 48. 
 pond, 49. Water breeding Leg-worms, C. 90. how its Indi 
 Ret Fire, O. 466. 
 Bonano’s, a fort of Plantains, d.O. 316, drink made of the ii 
 where found, O. 175. 183, 7. 198. 311. 426+ 546+ S 23.124 
 181.C. 5. fee Plantains, Plantations, Q 
 Boneto’s, Fith, where, O. 32%¢ 
 
 et 
 
 Bongiess 
 

 
 yn ae Rm ee at ee, ts ee ep eee 
 
 General Index. 
 
 ' Bonzies, Heathen Priefts, O. 396. 
 
 Boobies, d,0. 49. where found, 52.97. 132, 146. (their Eggs) 
 159. 282. 473, C. 23, 4,5, 6. 45. 69. courfe food, 146. 
 
 Boots limber, O. 419. of Guts, and eaten, 528. 
 
 Borneo, I. a Letter from Englith there, O. 370 504. low An- 
 choring Coafts, 425 . Malayan {poken there, 394, 5. 
 
 Boua, or Pageant King of Tonquin, his Palace, &c. S.48.66,7,8- 
 
 Boutan Kingdom by China, fee Bao. js 
 
 Bouton I, and Kisgdom,and City, d. O. 453, 4. its Produ&, 45s, 
 King and People, 4. 454, 5,6, 7,8. inflave and fell the Inlanders. 
 456. Boy with double rows of Teeth, 457, 8. fhy Turtle, 453 
 fee Callafufung. 
 
 Bows and Arrows, where usd, S. 72. W. 108, 
 
 Boxes, laoker’d for Chinam, S. 54, 5. leathern for Cartages,7o. 
 
 Brazil, approach’d in E. India Voyages, O. 531. Courfe thi- 
 ther, W. 9. its Winds, 13. 18.19.24. Coaft and Weaaher, d. 
 80, I. Currents, 103. fee C. St, Auguftin. CG. Blanco. 
 
 Bread, fine Cakes of it, O. 418, 9. Plantains,cc.where us’d as 
 bread, O. 12. where not, S. 23. none of any fort, where,0.464,3. 
 fee Corn, Fruits, Roots: fee Melory, Sago, and 
 
 Bread-truitand tree,d, where, and how made, O. 296, 7. 
 
 , Breeches, where aiid what, O. 326. 408. 419. 456. S. 129. 
 
 a ; 
 
 Breezes, fee among Winds. 
 
 Bremes, where, O. 321. 
 
 Brewers ftreights, a.S.109. 1106 
 
 Bricks dried in the Sun, O. 139. 140. Brick, where us’d, ib. 
 411. S. 45,8. a 
 
 Brokers of Guzurat, d. 134, 55 7. 
 
 Brooms Of Palmeto Leaves, O. 150. 
 
 Buccaniers, fee Privateers. 
 
 Hift. of Buccaniers refer'd to, O. Intr, IL. IV. 60, 252. 272. 
 
 Buffadore,Rock and Spout,d. O. 232, 3- 
 
 Buff Jacket, a Plantain-Pudding, O. 314. 
 
 Buffalo’s, where, O. 220+ 359- 365+ 378. 387+ 406. 410. 458. 
 $.25. 30.127,9. 181. draw the Plow and tread out Rice,O.410,1. 
 
 their Hides bought, 431. Coat- Armour thereof, 432. Butter of 
 . their Milk, d. S. 146. 
 
 Bugegaffes, who, S. 108. 
 
 _ Bullawan, a name for Gold, where, O. 431-513. a Metal like 
 Gold, fo call'd, where and what, 426,7- 431, 4, 9- Mines of it,426. 
 and Ear-rlngs, 427-431, 2, 9. how burnifh’d, 427, 8. 439. 
 
 - Bumkins, Water-Veffels, O. 2. 
 Burrs, troublefome, where, C. 48. , 
 Burten-wood, d. O. 101. where found, 7d. C. 23. 48. 57-. 
 
 _ makes good Coals, ib. 
 
 a & 
 
 a 
 
 Burying, alive, where and why, O. 432. fee Funeral. 
 
 al; Bufhes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
' for Green Turtle, O. 107. 
 
 ’ Calm between S, and L, Breezes, VV. 27.41. C, 21. Calms wit 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 Bufhes (Shrubs) C. 44. a prickly fort, ¢4. fee Burton. D 
 One Bufh-Key, d. C.17.50, 1,2. 92.77. W. 67. 
 Wild-Bufh-men, d. and where, W. 108: 
 Butchers, Chinefe, at Malacca, S. 162. . a 
 Butter ( of Buffalo’s Milk and Lard, d.) S. 146, where little 
 
 made, O. 515. ae 
 Buttons, prefented at Siam, S.108.  ° : 
 
 a 
 re, 
 . 
 ° & * 
 1faO 
 
 Cc, 
 
 Abbage-tree and fruit, d: O. 165, 6, 7. 318. where fou 
 FOG. Gy 102, 0. 0. 124.” 
 Cabbinets (Combs, &c.) what Tortoife-fhell usd for the 
 QO. 103. fee ,Lacquer-ware. 
 Cables, fee Cotre ; and of Rattans. “a 
 Cacao-tree and fruit, d. kinds, Husbandry of it, aud where _ 
 found, O, 59.60, 1,2. 182. C. 7. 102. 110, 1, 2,.9. Trade ofit, 
 O. 64.152.245.C. 110, 9. goes for Money where,O. 62. CI 
 120. carriage of it, 119.121, 2. White-Cacao ( Spuma ) wh 
 and where, C.111. fee Chocoatte. 
 Cachao City and Prov. §.13.15. 16.19. 20, 21.d. 43,& 
 61. 73,786, 7, 9 90,6,9. 100, Is 
 Cacufes (Caycos) what and where, W. 106. 
 Caihooca, d.C, 122. its Vinello’s, 123. 0.233. 
 Caimanes, both Alligators and Crocodiles call’d fo, C. 7 
 I. Caimanes, Great, d. C. 30. its Crocodiles, ib. Breeding- 
 
 I. Caimanes, Little, d.C. 9.30. \ 
 Calabafhes and Gourd. fhells, their ufe, O. 153, 293. 43 
 ¥15. W.86. as i 
 
 Caldera, Bay,d, 0.112. its diftanee from the L. of Nicarag 
 113. and Trade with it, 115. its Lance-wood, 118. its Popogais 
 W.46,7. Rains and Tornado’s, 83. 
 
 Galifornia, not known to be an Ifland, O. 272. its W. 
 only known to the Spaniards, ib. its Lake or Sea why purpo 
 unknown by them, ib. Coaft low towards Guatimala, 425.' 
 munication with Mexico by Boats, 244. 264. Pearl-Fifhery4 
 Trade, 173. 244. 264. Trade. Wind, 245. its Indians Enem 
 the Spaniards, 264. 272. a Root eaten by them, 275. 
 
 Callabar, Old, W. 9. 10. 14. 
 
 Callafufung, d.O. 454, 7,8. fee Bouton, I. 4 
 
 Callico’s, Chints, &c. where and how a Commodity, 0. 24 
 333. 379. S$. 61. 134. “a 
 
 Calms, a prefage of ftorms, O. 413. 481. W. 61, 6, 8, 937 
 
 and when ufual, VV. 6.8. 9. 11.14. 20, 355 7+ met by the 
 O. 2.75. 82. 120. 135. 400. 413, 5. 448,451.5. 184, se me 
 amboaly 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | Geunernl \ndex. 
 Cambodia, Kingdom, VVomen proftituted there, 0. 368. its 
 Idols, 397. Product and Trade, 399. 400, 1. S. 105. a profitable 
 one to behad there, 3. and how, 102, 3.Coaft and Point, 0.399. 
 flands lying off it, 389. 390. fee P. Condore. P. Uby. River, d. 
 |S. 105, 6,7. Pirates routed thence, 75. 
 » Cam-chain, and Cam-quit, Oranges, d.S.23, 4. 
 _ Campeachy(Campeache )Bay aad Countrey,Coaft,Lagunes, Rivers, 
 Towns, &c. 4.0.87.424.C. 16, 7.41 to 53, 5, 6,8 79- 83,6.925354. 
 Tol, 7, 8.110, 1,7 to 122. its Bounds, 16.42. 123. VV. 32. 4; 
 il, C. 42, 36,8, 9. VVeather, S. 32. VV. 82.C. 5g. Land-floods, 
 S. 35- C.55, 80, I, 2. 91, 2,3. 108, 9. 122. VV.67. Storms, 65,73 
 C. 80, 1, 2. Fifh kill’d by them, 0.524. VV. 68. VVinds, 15.22, 
 4,5- Tides, 92. its Vegetables, O. 59. 62. Iol. 123. 152. 156. 
 203. 235. 263. C. 43, 6, 8, 9 50, 6,7, 8. 79+ 85. 94, 5. 102. 
 7» 9.111, 2, 3. feeLogwood,Mangroves,Beafts, Infetts, 44. 59, 2,32 
 39 to 64. 74.to 78. 80, 4.96, 8. d. 102, 7,9. 111 to 115,85 
 )i21. OQ. 87. Beef- hunting, 81, &c. 97, &c. Birds, d.6§0 to 71: 
 114, 8,9. Fifh, 17.44. 70. d. 71, 2, 3. 109. O. 33. 90, 03. 
 | Commodities, Manufactures, and Trade, O. 62.C. 17, 8.42, 3,6, 
 178+ $051, 35 456, 7+ 80, 8. 96,7, 8. 110 to 115, 8; 9.120, I, 2% 
 | 125, 6. Ship-worms, O. 363. Carriers there, 119.121, 23 Priva- 
 fF teers, 43, 5, 9,7 50) 1,3,4- make Slaves of the Indian Inhabi- 
 | tants, 43. Thefe infulted by the Spaniards, 42.113. and even 
 a Negro’s, 116. yetthe Villagers live comfortably, O. 124. C: 
 
 
 
 212, 3. 5. till no more Land than barely for their fubfiftence; 
 “119. moft ofthe Towns confift of them, 110. their food and 
 drink, 43. ¢.113. Cloathing, 46.114. Government, Employ- 
 ment, Marriages, Churches, Manners, 112, 3, 4, 5,6. 42, 3,7- 
 fee Logwood-cutters, Spaniards, (for particular places the Map; 
 
 er: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pie 
 Campeachy-T. Fort, Buildings, Trade, and Spaniards, C. 12,9: 
 20. 425 354+ a 45,6. 113. taken by Privateers, 45, 6. 96. 1103 
 Log-wood call’'d thence Palo de Campeachy, 46,7. 
 _ Camphire, whence, S. 128. 
  Cam-wood, for Dying Red, 0.78. C. 58: 
 
 Canales, 1. d.O. 213. 
 _Careo, 1. O. 215. 
 Canes, how usd, S.29. for walking, where, 178. and how 
 _ growing, O. 380-a Commodity,where,S. 167. 178. fee Baniao §; 
 | Rattans. 
  Canibals, whether any in the VVorld ? O. 485. Stories of them 
 refuted, ib: Inhabitants of the Ifles of Canibals (Caribbe’s) Tradé 
 with Exropeans, ib. hurt done by them, but why, 485, 6. 
 _ Canoa’s, what, where and how usd, O. 2.35. 515.5. 4. 118: 
 “how made, O. 214, 5- by wild Indians, 85. floating full of wa- 
 ter, C.12. hunting in Canoa’s, where and how, C. 81. fee Boats 
 made with Outlayers, d. O. 480, 1. 492, §, 6,9. fee Pros: 
 Bs") Ea2] beft 
 
 \s 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 General Index. ¥ 
 beft Canoa’s rhade of Cedar, 29. few Canoa’s, wlhiere, 177) 
 
 Cantarras I. d.O. 213. a 
 
 Canton, City and Prov. of China, its great Trade, ©. 408, 6, 
 Houfes, 410. China-ware made of a Clay there, 409. Courfe from 
 Manilla thither, 405. Tea call'd there, Chau, 410. fee China, 
 
 « St. Fobns, 1. Macao. cS: 
 
 Pulo Canton, its Chochinchinefe, S. 6. 
 
 R. Capalita, of O. 233. 
 | Capes, are drieft, VV. 78. have moft Sea-Breezes,28: and break 
 them, 38. have feldom Land-Br. 33,5, 7: _ 
 
 Cape R. that of C. Gratia Dios fo call'd, G. 128. Privateetsgo 
 up it into the S. Sea, 129. it Catara&ts, ib. 
 
 Caps, what and where,O.418,9. S.42. 129. of Tallow, VV.11h 
 Caraccos Coaft, its fingular make, and product, d. W. 37.0. 
 8,9. 203. 423,4. its Boundary and Trade, 63, 4. its Cacao 
 (beft of any) d. 59 to 62. C. 112. never blighted, O. 62. Fifh, 
 249. Winds, W.15.37. diy and fcabby. ©.63. Weather, it 
 W. 82. the Barlaventa-Fleet fails by it yearly, C. 126. Low 
 Coaft thence to Sanda Martha, O 424, 5. Caraccos City and 
 
 Countrey, d. 0. 62, 3,4. 
 
 Carcening aud cleaning, placesfit for it;&c. O. 33, 83 46.525: 
 97- Ilo. 12%. 138. 147. 169. 171, 6: 249s 272, 6. 362. 380 
 395, 7+ 436. 443. 469.481. C. 120. W. 68.97. where and why 
 to be done often, 0. 363. ° pv 
 
 Caribbe, why call'd Lee-ward Mlands; W.15. Winds there, ib 
 41. Hurricanes there, d. 65,7 to71. Indico there growing, 0. 
 227. fee Antego, Barbados, Santta Lucia, Tabago, St. Vincent. 
 
 Caribbe- Indians of the Continent, their Roving at Sea,at Sania 
 Lucia, &c. C. 4. §. 6. lefs Savage than thought to be, 0. 485, 6. 
 
 CarpentersR. its Cacao, O. §9. arich T. there, 28, 9. , 
 
 Carriers,in America, O. 185. 249. 250. 269. d. C.119. 120,ly2 
 
 Cartion-Crows, black, white, and King-carrion-crows, 4G 
 65, 7,8. 82. not kill'd, where and why, id. : : 
 
 Cartagena Coaft, low, O. 424. wet,W.42.its VVefterly VVinds, 
 ©. 44. and Breezes, VV. 40. fee Cartagena-Breeze. its Produé, 
 O. 203. 213, Fifh, C. 13. Trade,O. 45. Correfpondence with 
 Lima by Land, 180, 4. Courfe of the Armada and Barlavettae 
 Fleet there, 185. C.126. A fair City,open to the Sea, 0.41 
 
 €artagena-Breeze, d. VV. 44, 5,6. a Prater focall'd, i, 
 
 Carving, the Chinefe cnrious at it, O. 409. : 
 
 Cafh (a Coin) of Tonquin, S. 60. 131. value of it, 72. 88 of. 
 China, ib. of Achin, 131, 2. = 
 
 Cafica{ Cacique )the chief of an Indian Village,O. 124, 8 C.112 
 
 Point Cafivina, d.O. 122: ; 
 
 Caflavy Root common in the VV. Indies, C. 73. . 
 
 Catamarans, Bark-Logs, what and where, O. 143s 
 
 Cataratts, where, O; 129. ire ef 
 
 iy ok Ga 
 
 Are: 
 oie 
 
 
 
lS ag ee ae ae 
 Se ary * 
 
 
 
 Genctral Tndex. 
 Cats, where, O. 122. S. 25. eaten, 30; 1: : 
 Tigre-Cat, fee Tigre. “ee 
 _ Cat-fith, d. O. 148, 9. venemous fins, and where foutid, 29, * 
 m262,4. S.171. C. 109. 
 __ C. Catoch in Fucatan, d. C. 9. 10. 28,3. 45,7. its VVinds, 
 VV.32.VVeather, 82.Currents, 105.bogwood, to, 57. Fifh,12,13. 
 Cattel, where, O, 218. 231. 406, 416. kill’d by VVinds,VY.¢0. 
 Catty, aweight, S. 132. [See Beeves. 
 Caput-Cavalli Hill,d. O. 266. 
 Cavallies, Fifh, where, O. 321. $.128. C. 71. 
 Sir T. Cavendifh, his taking the Acapulco-Ship, O. 260. his 
 Courfe over the S. Sea, 280. — 
 Cedars, where and what, O. 29. 275. beft for Canoa’s, 29. 
 
 - Celebes, i. d. O. 446, 7, 8. low Anchoring Coafts,425. inlets, 
 Bays and Lakes, 447. Iflands and Sholes near it, 447,8. 450,1. 
 fee I. Bouton. Beacons fet on the Shoals, 450. Tornado’s and 
 Spouts, 450, 1. vaft Trees, 448, 9.450. wild Vine good for 
 Ulcers, 449. Shy Turtle and vaft Cockles, ib. Land-crab found 
 by Sir Fr. Drake on an Ifland near it, 473. fee Macaffer. 
 
 4 Centipee, a yenemous VVorm, d. O. 320, 1. where found, ib. 
 ‘Ss 25. Cs 64. 
 Centiquipaque (falfly Santa Pecaque) d.O. 268, 9. pillag'd, 
 270, 1, its Silver-Mines, 269. 
 Ceylon, 1. its Cinamon, O. 447. 
 Chagre R: goods fent down it, 0. 26,7. 189: 
 Chairs, none us'd, where; O. 329: 
 Chambongo T. and. d. 0.378. 
 Chametly, Iles near C. Corientes, d. 257% 
 Chametly Iflesnear the Trop. of Cancer, d. O. 262, 3, 4. 
 __ Champa, Kingdom, its Trade and Commodities, O. 400. likeli 
 hood of a good Trade there, $.3. Means of it, 102,3. Idola- - 
 trous Inhabitants, O. 400. their charatter, gor. their Arms, Vet” 
 fels, and skill in Shipping, 400, 1. , 
 Pulo Champello de la Mar, S. 6,7. 
 Pulo Champello de la Terra, S.7- 
 Champeton R. and T. d.C. 47, 8. 
 Chandy, Point, O. 147- 
 Channels, what and where, O. 38. 48.55, 7. 82.97. I10, 9... 
 124, 5- 130. 146. 151. 169.175, 6, 7. 188. 15% 4. 206. 213, ¢ 
 242, 6.252. 346. 378, 9. 390. 406.436. 459: 46c. S. 9, 10. 1 
 109. 110. 122. 158. C.23, 9. 30. §0: 123. W.91,2, 3. Englifh 
 ‘Channel, great Tides, 97. and moft Regular, 91, 7. 
 Chau, Tea where fo call'd, O. 409. S. 31.41. fee Teg 
 Chaubuck , a Punifhment, S: 138. ie 
 _ Cheapo T. in the Ifthmus, attempted by Privateers, O. ¥ 
 202, 5. Cheapo R. 21,3. 202,5. d. 204, 5. 5 
 _ Cheapo in Mexico (Chiapa) its Cochineel, ©, 229, Mountains, 
 G. 100; 8, 119. La3] Checapeque 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
eT eee ee OP 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Checapegne R. d. C. 118, | ‘ 
 
 Cheefe, where, O. 250. where little of it made, 115. 
 
 Chepelio, I. d. O, 202. 
 
 Chequetan, d. Q. 249. 
 
 Cherburg, fee Sherboro. . ne 
 
 Children, how Educated and Employ’d, O. 7.8. 330, 1.432,3. 
 Dutiful to Parents, 432. civil to Strangers, 433. W. 112. held 
 out to move Strangers Bounty, O. 433. fold by Parents, S. 37, 
 8, 50. and gam’d away, 42. a witty and attive one of Moftefa, 
 0.249.286, I. 
 
 - Chick- weed, where, C. 23. 
 
 Chili, its High Land, O. 94, §. 423. fee Andes. No Rains,jb, 
 nor Riversof note, ib. nor any perennial, but caus’ by Rains 
 within Land, 95, 6. ib. $.35. W. 79.80. its quiet Sea, O. 94. 
 deep, and why, 423. its Rock-fifh, 91. SeePeru, See Baldivia, 
 John Fernando's 1. Guafco, Coquimbo, and 
 
 Chile J. its Timber, a Commodity, O. 140. 
 
 Chins of People, fhort, where, O. 32. 
 
 China, its S. Borders,S. 18.20 1. 64, 6. low Anchoring Coaft, 
 O. 425. S. to. its Winds, W. 17. 23. and Storms, 71, 5. See Tuf- 
 
 
 
 foons.. Good Stages thither, O. 394. $. 103. Chinefe fubjetto 
 
 the Tartars,O. 406. 7. 417. 421. who force them to cut their 
 Hair, 407. which they dote upon, 7b. S. 42. and Rebel upon it, 
 O. 407. 421. atid flee their Country, S. 7. 42. of thefe, Pirates, 
 where, 106, 7. Manillathreatned by the Chinefe, O. 33 I. their 
 Jonks, where, and what, 396. 403. 417.S. 16. d. O. 401. 412, 
 3- parted like Well-boats, 412.rheir Sails at and Mafts, 412, 3 
 Guftom of Meafuring ftrange Ships, O. 354. Wrecks at J. Prata, 
 405, 6. Their Merchantsand Trade, how, and where, 308. 
 383,7,8.417.S. 8.10. 15.16. 36.65-134, 6,7, 8 162. bent upon 
 It, 15,136, 7. 162. Cath or Coin, 88. China Camp or Fair, where; 
 and what, 136, 7, 8. Accomptants, where, O. 360. Mechanicks, 
 S. 136, 167. Manufattures and Employments, @y'c. O. 408, 9 
 China Difhes, &c. made of what, ib.a Commodity, where, S. 63. 
 their Chop-fticks, 84. Drinks, fee Tea,Sam-fhuy Hoc-fhu. Fansand 
 Umbrello’s, O. 407, 8. their Perfonages, d. Hair of Head and 
 Beard, fmall Eyes, and Habit, 406,7, 8. 426. Ingeny, 409, 1 
 Cuftoms, 407, 8,9. are fober, S. 137. but love Gaming unmeatut- 
 ably, 42. 136. 162.0. 409, 10. and hang themfelves whén all is 
 loft, 7b. their Religion, hideous aa 396, 7+ 4ir, 12. 
 59-Renegado where, 138. Chinefe Language how fpoken, O. 43 
 and written, $.59. 60. the Fokien Dialeft of it, the Cout d 
 Tongue at Tonquin, 59. the Womens tying their Hair,O- 497° 
 little Feet and Shoes; 408. China.Gold, fee Gold. China Silks 
 fee Silk. See Amoy, Aynam, Canton, Fokien, St. Fobu's ky 
 Macao, Yutiam. e 
 . China, Root, where found, O. 409.5. 63. ; 
 : _ Chinarts 
 
 
 

 
 ay 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Chinam,and Chinam-Box, d. 8. $4, 5. 
 Chinchanchee, T. G. 14. 
 
 Chir apee Bay, d.Bad for Ships, O.144. . : 
 Chocolatte, O. 2.250. We 85. why muchdried by the Spaniards, . 
 
 . O. 60. See Cacoa, Spuma. 
 
 a kao ag care a 
 
 Ki 
 S 
 y 
 
 ’ 
 
 
 
 Chocolatta-North (a VVind) d. VY. 60.C. 39. 
 
 Chop or Pafs requifite at Tonquin, S. 16. 
 
 Choua, or Governing King of Tonquin, fee Tonquin. 
 _ Chriftianity, ftate of it in Tonguin, 8c. S. 95,6, 7. Obftacles to 
 at fBei 
 
 Monte Chrifto, d. QO. 136. 
 
 Chuche, 1.d.O. 211. : 
 
 Chucquebul, T. d.C. 51. taken by Privateers, 26, 
 
 Churches, where, and what, and how adorned, O. 42. 122, 3e 
 135, 9. 140, I. 152+ 179. 188. 218, 223, 233. 242-266, 9. 387. 
 C. 51. rio, 1. 115.127. S 16c. Bufinets tranfacted there, and 
 Paftimes, O. 127. C.115- 
 
 Cinamon, whence, O. 447- 
 
 Circumcifion,where and how ufed, O. 339.See Mahometanifm. 
 Solemnities at it, 339-340, I, 2+ 369+ 370. 
 
 Citrons, where, S. 124. 
 
 Clam, a fort of Oyfter, d.O, 176, 7+ 
 
 St. Clara.J.d. O. 147. 
 « Cloaths, worn neat and tight, O. 454. fine, give a Reputation, 
 
 _ where, 261, 2. none from abroad, where, 431. Gld, a Commo- 
 
 dity, where, 13,72, 6. 489. C. 120. where little or none worn, 
 fee Naked. OfSkins, where ufed,¢464- 538, 9. VVhat Cloaths, 
 and where worn, 327-407, 8. 419- 427. S. 42, 3.129. C. 46 
 
 - 115.fee Armour, Breeches, Caps, Coats, Frocks, Hats, Jack- 
 
 ets, Ornaments, Petticoats, Safh, Scarf, Shoes, Slippers, 
 Stockins, Turbans. 
 
 Cloth, long, O. 327. Cotton, 427. S. 42. C. 46. 114. Plantain, 
 a.Q.315- Coco, d.224, §.327- 427+ Indian, S. 61,5. Cloth (Lin- 
 nen and VVoolen) what and where a Commodity, O. 74. r1s. 
 142, 3+ 15245245» 333- S42. 65. 129 134. C. 110. 120. fee 
 Callico’s, Muflin’s, Silks. . 
 
 Clouds, how a fignof Land near, O. 283. hover about it,282. . 
 about Mountains, VV. 79. 83, 4, 5, 6- their motion when Spouts. 
 comeé,O. 451-how they prefage the Monfoons fhifting, 490. and 
 Storms, 322.413, 5. See North banks, Hurricanes, Tuffoons. 
 looking difmally, VV. 71. 
 
 Cloves, where, 311. 447- 512. ftore to be had, 317. 350. 447. 
 how they grow,316. trick to {wellthem, 318. 
 
 Clove-Bark, where,O0.316-350. 511. 
 
 Coals, of what VVood beft to harden Steel, C. 0, 7. 
 
 Coafts, no where of acontinued height, O. 423. high and low 
 
  eaufe what Seasand Anchoring, 422, 3, 4, % how they make 
 
 Bays 
 
 
 
— oe ee sll i \ * <a a a ea ree 
 ee ee ee ae Rs a eae eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Bays, 423, fee Bays. Convenience of bold Coafts, 4242 remark: 
 able, fee Caracco’s,Chili, Mexico, Peru, fee Marks at Sea. the VVel- 
 Coaft, what fo call’d, 476. 
 
 Coats fhort, O. 419. Coat-Armour of Buff; fee Armour. 
 
 Cochinchina, Ilands off it,S.9. has Tuffoons, VV- 75. Ship- 
 wreck’d-men detain'd there, S. 7. Ghinefe Refugees there, ib. VVo. 
 men Proftitues, O. 395. its Tea, 409. and Pepper, $. 181. VVars 
 with Tonquin, 21. 67. 72- once under it, 67. Gochinch inefe of Pulo 
 Canton, 6. of Pulo Gondsre, and what they bring thence, 
 O. 395. S. 8. their Roats, ib. this a fit place to introducea Trade 
 with Cochinchina O. 394. probably a good one,S. 3. further means 
 of it, 102, 2. 
 
 cone: Tree, Fruit, Infect, where found, and management 
 of it, O, 124.225, 228, 9.. - 
 
 Cocldes, where, O. 153. few 465. vaft ones, 449. 
 
 Cock, white, requird as a Fee for a ftrange. Cure, C.91. 
 Cock-fighting, where usd, $. 184. Cocks and Hens (Dunghil 
 Fowl) See Poultry. ; . 
 
 Cockreco’s, Birds, d.C. 65, 9. 
 
 Coco-Trees and Nuts,where, O. 76,7. 111, 187.29M, 4, §.31h 
 378. 454, 7+4725 4, 5,6, 8, 9.480, 8. S. 4.23, 4.124. 181. d 
 291 to 296. 318. ufefullnefsof this Tree, 295. of the Sap, 293. 
 4- 479.480, 6,8. See Toddy, Arack. of the VVater or Milkof 
 » the Nuts, 292, 474, of the Nuts, 292, 4. 474, 6,7) 8. $37)% 
 of the Shell, 294. 490. of the Husk, 294, §. fee Coire. how neg 
 leéted in the W. Indies, ib. the Guam-Nuts, 293, 6. thofe of 
 Sumatra, 295. of an Ifland drown’d every Tide, 474. floating at 
 Sea, ib. Groves at Nicobar, 478, 9. what Soil and Air beft for 
 them, 295,6. where a Commodity,S.m51,2. + . . 
 
 Cocos, I. im the S. Sea, d. O. 111.131. why mift by thed, 
 W. 15. Cocos. in the E. Indies, d.O* 470, 2. ae. 
 
 Coco-plum, Bufh and Fruit, d.and where found, C. 49.107. 
 
 Cod-Pepper, fee Guinea-Pepper. ; a 
 
 Coins, fee Cajh, Fanam, Mefs, Petti. | 
 
 Coire-cables of Coco-nut Husks, O. 294, 5. of Strings hang 
 ing from a Tree, 295. 460. : 
 
 Eaft-Coker in Sommerfetfhire, its Wariety of Soil, S. 123, 4. the 
 Author born and bred there, i5.C. 2. 2. 
 
 Colan, its Water, and Indian Fifhermen, O, 141. 
 
 Colanche, R.Q. 134. : A a 
 
 Coldeft Winds what, O. 529. 530. fee Harmatans. 
 
 Colima, T. and rich Valley, O. 251, 2, 3. its Volcan always but- 
 niug, ib. its Cacoa, ib. 60. : a 
 
 Colorad) Sholes, d. C. 29. 39. i"; 
 
 Colour of Face and Skin, Natural , fee Complexton 5 by : 
 Pigments>.O. 514. 538. fee Dammer, Feoly. Colours, fee Dyes. | a 
 
 Comana, in vain attempted by Privateers, Q. 63. The Barla — 
 venta Fleet touches there, C.126, Commo; 
 
 
 

 
 General Index. 
 
 Commodities, Spanifh, American, E. Indian, how mutually 
 exchanged,O. 244,5,6.Commodities what,and where, fee Cacao 
 and Chocalatte, Corn and Flower, Drugs, Dyes, Pieces of Eight, 
 Fruits, Gold, Hides, Iron in Bars and wrought, Lack, Leather, 
 Marmalade,Moloffo’s, Negro’s, Oil, Pitch, Quick filver,Silver,Soap, 
 Spice, Tallow, Tea, Timber, Tin, Wine. See Manufactures. 
 
 C.Comerin, its Winds, W. 20. 
 
 Company, E. India, fee Dutch, Englifh. 
 
 Compafs (fee Azimuth) Winds flying roundit, W. 58. fee 
 Tornado's. an 
 
 Complexion of People, Coal-black, face and body, O. 464. 
 dark Copper-Colour, 7. 32-170. 297. S. 128, 181. C, 31. 115. 
 Indians generally fo, ib. O. 297. very dark, 427,537. VV. 110. 
 Afhy,O. 407: dark Tawny, 395- C.115. W. 108. light Tawny 
 or Yellow, O. 326. 454. S. 40. the VYomen of a brighter Yel- 
 low than the Men, O. 326.454. 
 
 Compoftella in Mexico, d.O. 269. its Gold and Silver Mines, 
 266, 9. itsMerchants, and Silver refin’d there, 76. 
 
 Gomrade, who focalldat Mindanao, O. 327, 8. 358.365. fee 
 Pagally. 
 
 ConceptionR. 0.22. a Wood there dying like Logwood, C. 58. 
 
 Coneh-fhells faid to make Ghina- Ware, O. 409. - 
 
 C. Condecedo,d. C, 10, 1,2,4+6-42- its Winds, W. 32, 4.43, 
 4. and YVeather, 82. Ws 
 
 Pulo Condore, its Commodious Scituation, O. 394. Courfe by 
 it, 8. 6. the Harbour, Channel, Trees, Fruits, Tar, and Animals, 
 d, 385,9.to 394. Cochinchinefe Inhabitants, 394, 8. their Perfons, 
 395. VVomen Proftitutes, ib. Trade, 7b.S. 8. Language, O. 394, 
 Religion, 396. anold Pilot there, 398. 490. | 
 
 Conga, R.O.7. 15. d. 193- 
 
 ‘Conies, where, VV. 109. Indian Coneys, fee Racoons. 
 
 Cookery, what and where, O. 79- 294-312, 4- 329-357» 9» 
 429. 430-473» 4+ 488, 9-490. S. 27, 8.30, 1.129. C. 18. 
 
 Coolecan R. ( Cullacan) O. 264. Atich T. by it trading for 
 Pearl, 7b. 
 
 Gooting or engendring time of Turtle, fee Turtle. 
 
 Copper-rings, a Commodity, where, C. 119, 
 
 C. Goquibocoa, its Currents, VV. 1ol. 
 
 Coquimbo, whence its Timber, O. 140. 
 
 Coral-bank, where, O.50. 
 
 Cordage, what and where, O. 223. 294, 5- 
 
 Cordial, of Snakes and Scorpions, where us'd, S.52. 
 
 C. Corrientes in Mexico, its ¥Vinds, and how and when tobe 
 made, O. 245. 257. d. 256 to 261. its Longitude 256. 
 
 C. Corrientes in Peru, d. Q. 174. 
 
 egal C. Corrientes 
 
OFS I et. | ET Ce ey RO Te OE Tp aes ee ee 
 
 ' General Ieee. 
 
 C. Corrientes of Cuba, C. 9. 29. 30, I. its Currents VV. lol. a 
 G. Corrientes of Africa, its Winds VV. 19. -. 
 Cormorants, d. and where, C.69. 71. 
 
 Corn, where, O. 75.99. 114. 253. See Barley, Cuneo 
 Maiz, Millet, Rice, V Vheat. 
 
 Corn Iflands, and their Indians, d.O.31,2. 
 
 Coromandel, its low Anchoring Coatts,O. 425. VVinds, Vag, 
 Storms, 73, 4. VVeather, 83. Famines, and Sale of VVives and — 
 Children, $.37, 8. 50. 130. fee Catamarans. See Cunnimere, pe 
 St.George, Pallacat, Ponticherri, Trangambar. 
 
 Corenada Mount, or Crown-land, d.O. 256. 
 ~ Corpus Sant,a Meteor, and what afign of, O. 414, 5. 
 
 Corrofo, a Bird, where, O..39. C.65. 118. d. C. 67. Bones pois 
 fonous, 7). ; 
 
 c. Corfo, its Rains, VV. 52. Variation and Tides, 53. a 
 
 2 Corunna (the Grein) bad Beef there, why, S. 31- . 
 
 Cofta Rica, its Cacao, O. 59. 
 
 Cotton:Shrub, Cotton and Cloath, where, O. 165, 384. 125, 
 §.42.C.46.115. where a Commodity, S. 145. 
 
 Cotton-tree (vaft and foft) where found,and its kinds,d. 0.85. 
 164, 5. its Downof littleufe, 75. 
 
 Capt.Covant’s Letters to the A. VV. 5457+ : 
 
 Countenance of People, where ftern and hard- evo 0,7. 
 44.170. 297. 464. Graceful, 326. 470, 8. 8. 128. See Pa 
 Feature. a 
 
 Courfes fteer d, seri fteer'd, what, where attd why, 0.4. — 
 7708, 9. 119.135, 8, 9- 147, 167. 171. 184,5. 193. 201. 211.245, 
 231, 3, 5, 6, 29: 351, 2-378, 9. 421. 4392 440, 2, 3, 5, 8 
 ¥, 35 8, 9. 460, I, 2. $27- $31. 549. S. 6. 10, 109. C. 2 8, 98 
 39, abe 6. VV. 7-8. 18. 23, 5. et 40. 51,3) 5% lol, ” 
 2, 5) 6. 
 
 Courtiers all Learned, how and where, S. 39. 
 
 Courts of Judicature, where none, S. 80. 
 
 Cows, fee Beeves. 
 
 ' Mountain-Cow, fee Anie. 
 
 Sea Cows, fee Manatee. 
 
 + Cozumel ¥,C. 9.29. 
 
 Crabs, (Sea) where, S. Sy C. "76. 
 
 Crabs (Land) where, O. 473 S 27. d, C. 32, 3. vient 
 fonous, 32. 
 
 Crabcatchers, Birds, where, $.26.d.€.69.70. © 
 
 Craw-fith, where, $.27. 128. 
 
 Crawls, what and where, 0. 168, 9. C. 33.98. fee Hogs: 
 
 Creeks, how caus’d, O. 422, 3,4, 5. fee Harbours. aan 
 
 Creffets, what and where usd, QO. 337+ 400, te S. 140. 1764 
 
 Criole’s, who fo call'd, O. 68. “ao 
 
 Crockadett 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ale 
 
 AN 
 a 
 
 ae 
 
ar Saran 
 WS 
 be 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Crockadore, Bird like a Parrot, where, O. 458. 
 — Crocodiles, where, C.30, 3. 74, 5.d. and how they differ 
 from Alligators, 74,5, 6+ and their Eggs, 75. their boldnefs, 
 33. 76. greedy of Dogs, and terrible to them, 7. 
 
 Carrion-Crows, fee Carrion. Chattering-Crows, fee Black-Birds. 
 
 LaVevaCruz (and St. Fohn d Ulloa) C. 45.120, 1. d. 124, 5. 
 Courfe thence, VV. 105. its Communication and Trade, C. 120, 
 i, 5. O. 180, §. 244.261.277. taken by Privateers, C. 126: 
 Hawks-bill Turtle,O. 104. Old Veracruz, d. C. 127. 
 
 C. de Cruz in Cuba, its Currents, W. lot. 
 
 Venta de Cruzes, O. 185. 
 
 Cubal. C.9.29- 30, 1,35 4- itsSavannahs, O. 87. its Béeves. 
 and Hog-Crawls, 168. C. 33. 98. Commodities,O. 45. 227. Wea- 
 ther, W. 85. Currents, tog. fee C. Antonio, C. de Cruz, C. Cor- 
 rientes, I. of Pines; and 
 
 S. Keys of Cuba, C. 31.d. W.36. Winds, ib. ftor'd with Fifh 
 and flefh, C. 37. O. 33. 106,7. 
 
 Cubebs, where, S. 138. 
 
 Cudda (Queda) good Trade,O. 495. Ufe of Oil there, 537. 
 
 Cunnimere,an Knglifh Fattory in Coromandel, O. 509. 
 
 Cups of Coco-Nut, O. 294. fee Calabafh. 
 
 Cure, of Amputations, 138, 9. of Leg-worms, a ftrange one; 
 C.90,1. of Difeafes, fee Alligators Cods, Bathing, Cam-chain, 
 Herbs, Mangaftan, Sago, Sands hot, Vine-wild. 
 
 Curlews, great andimall, d.C. 69, 70. 
 Gurrafao, or Querifas, a Dutch I. O. 43. d. 46. W. 40. its 
 
 . Currents, 101, 4. defir’d but mift by the French, 0.47. 50, 
 
 Currents, their kinds, courfes, &c. d. Ws 100 to 108. foaking 
 and Counter-Currents; what, 104, influenc’d by Trade-Winds, 
 90. 100, 3. ftrengthen’d by a contrary Wind, O. 401. forward 
 or retard the Log, 290. how they differ from Tides, W. 9. i00s 
 whatand where, 4. 20. 32, 3. 51,5, 5, 7» O. $7. 139. 290.401,5. 
 462. 494: 5.196. C.26, 9. 
 
 Curtana’s, what and where us'd, O. 400. S. 70. 80. 
 
 Cuftoms, O. 327. fee Artsand Artificers, Begging, Children, 
 Cloaths, Cookery, Cure, Dancing, Drink, #&ntertainments, 
 Feafts, Fighting, Fifhing, Food, Funeral, Gaming, Government, 
 Hunting, Houfes, Husbandry, Learning, Manners, Marriage, Orna- 
 ments, Religion, Shipping, Singing, Slaves, Trades, VVafhing, 
 Women, VVriting. 
 
 D. 
 
 Ammer a fort of Pitchand Pigment, where, O. 514. 
 Dampier his Education, aud firft Voyages to France, New- 
 foundland, and Bantam, and back to Englaad, C.t.2. 3. S. 123,4- 
 W. 4. § to Famaica, Cs 4.7.8. and Campeachy, 9 to17. he 
 hy Me Ke furnty 
 
oe ns; See ee eee ee eee - eee ee I eS ae Ve ray kee 
 
 
 
 General Index. . me 
 
 . 
 Lee 
 
 feturns, 19. is in danger of the Spaniards, 20. 34, 5. of fhip: 
 wreck, 22, 3,6. and ftarving at Sea, 36, 7,8. but recovers Fae 
 maica.38,9. His fecoudVoyage to Campeachy,and cutting of Log. 
 wood, 41.82, 3, 7,8, 9.91. 128. 10,1. his danger froma Snake, 
 
 
 
 63. Alligators, 82. 100. a Leg- worm (ftrangely cur’d) 89. 90,1, 
 lofing inthe VVoods, 83, 4, 5. a violent Storm and Flood, 91,2, 
 VV.66,7. and return to Famaica and England, C.131, 2. Hegoes 
 again to Famaica, ib. O. Intr. I. Il. croffes the Ithmus of Ame- 
 rica, ranges in the S. Sea, and returns, III.IV. 11 to 24. careof — 
 his Journal, 16. hardfhips, 14, 6, 8. 23,7. cruifes about the VVe » 
 Indies, 26, &c. goes toVirginia, 65. {ets out again, 66,9. great 
 Storm,70. VV. 64. touches at C. Verd Ifles,ib. R. Sherboro, 78 
 re-enters the S. Sea, 83. his Traverfes there, and dangers, (fee 
 Frivateers) 2b. to 279. Sicknefs, 255. and Cure, 276. 282. Has 
 zardous Voyage crofs the S. Sea, 279. 281,3,4- he arrives at 
 Guam, 284. the Philippines, 306. Mindanao, 309.P. Condore,389. 
 Coaft of China, 406. (a Typho, 413, 4, 5,6. S.25,6,) the Pifca- 
 doves, 416,7. Bafhee-Ifles, 421. ¥. Bouton,453. N. Holland, 462. a 
 he plots to leave the Privateers, 402. 440. 470, 2,.4,6+ isleftto 
 fhiltat Micobar I. 481, 2,3. puts to Sea in an open Boat, 486, 7% 
 400. his Danger, Fatigue, and fad Reflettions, 492, &c. long 
 Sicknefs upon it, sol. S. 2.3. 90. 161. TI1, 9.147, 8. 177. atte 
 val at Achin, O. 02. and harfh Phyfick, 503. He goes to Mae 
 lacca and Tonquin, 505. S. 2. 3.8. 11,2,6.90, 4y 9. 100. Occue 
 rences, 90 to lol. returns, 101,3, 4, §. to Malacca, 110. and 
 Achin, 119. goes again to Malacca, 154,9. and back to Achin, — 
 177. dangers, 92. 145, 6, 7,8. O. 526,7- He -goes fo Fort 
 St. George, 05. g11. S$. 178, 9.and (with Feoly) to Bencouli, ih 
 O. 505. 512. toC. Geod Hope, $20, 1, 8. St. Hellena, $44. and 
 England, 550. ' q 
 Dancing and Singing, what and where, O. 127, 337. d. 361, b 
 (when none, 359. 390, 1.) C. 115. VV.111. in the Night,0.127. 
 459-atN.and F. Moon. 541. I. Thackers, O. 361, 2. Dancing — 
 VVomen, ¢7'c.d. 340. 15 2. S146. = 
 Danes otf St. Thomas, I. 0.46. of Trangambar,§0§.S. 130.154,7)8" 
 Darien Ifthmus, fee lfthmus. x 
 Darien R.d. O. 40.° Spaniards there,41. its Savages, their Trutl 
 and:poifonous Arrows, ib. Enemies to the I/thmus Indians, ib. 
 Manatee there, 33.41. and Ante, C. 103. Trade-VVinds and Tot 
 nadoes to the VV. of it, VV. 18. pe 
 Davenport's Account of the Tides of Tonguin, referr’d fo 
 VV. 97. , 
 Capt. Davis's Difcovery, O. 352. 
 Davis's Streight, fee N. Weft Patfages. 
 ‘A Day loft or got in compaffing the VVorld, 0. 376, 7- 
 Debtors, how ufed at: Tonguin, $.78, 9. i 
 Declination, care to be had of it incomtpafling the world, ; 
 ©. 377, 8 ) Decdjs 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General Index. 
 
 Decoys of Hogs, where, O. 168. ; 
 
 Deer, where, O. 9. 39. 212+ 320. 347, 8: 369.8. 25.127. 181, 
 C. 32. 52, 9. 108. VV. 109. 
 
 A Degrée of the Eq. how much, G. 288, 9.290. © 
 
 Degrees taken, and Examinations for them, where, S. 60. 
 
 DellagoaR. d. its Negro’s and Elephants Teeth, VV. 108, 9. 
 T12. 
 
 Defarts Iles, Defarcuffes, Seals there, O. 90. See des Arena’s. 
 
 Devil, where fear’d, and how call’'d, O. 9. 
 
 Dews at Night where it neverrains, VV. 78. 
 
 Monte-Diabolo in Famnaica,C. 8. 
 
 Diamond-point, d. 0. 499. S. 121. 14,6. 1772 
 
 Dice made of Sea-Lions Teeth, O. 90. 
 
 Dildo-bufhes, where, O. 81.d. lot. 
 
 Dilly R. d. and its Pirates, S. 156,7. 
 
 Pulo Dinding, Dutch Fort, ds'c. S. 164. d, 17 1.to 177. 
 
 Gratia Dios, Nombre de Dios 5 fee Gratia, Nombre: 
 
 Direétions for failing, fee Courfe. 
 
 Difcoveries (fee Davis’s) what and how to be made, O. 272s 
 BVA. 251, 2. 
 
 Difeafes, fee Ague, Dropfie, Feavour, Flux, Gripes, Head- 
 ach, Leprofy, Scurvy, Smallpox, VVorms. Itching in the Anus, 
 fee Penguin-fruit. ' 
 
 Difhes of Coco-nut-fhell, O. 294. 
 
 Ditches and Drains, what and where, S. 26. 38. 44, 5. 
 
 Dogs where, O.122. S.25. C. 67. 76. VV. 56. where none, 
 0.369. whereeaten, S.30, 1. coveted by Alligators and Cros 
 codiles, and fearful of them, C.76. not fuffer’d to eat what bones, 
 67. Englifh one where valued, O. 302. 
 
 Dog-fifh, where, C. 12. 35. 
 © Domea R. and Bar (a branch of Tonquin-R. )and T.d. S, ro, 6, 9- 
 21, 9.90. 
 
 rioves of three or four forts, where, S. 128. fee Furtle-Doves, 
 Pigeons. 
 
 Doughboys or Dumplins, ©. 18. 
 
 Dragon-tree, and Gum (Tragacanth) d. and.where, O. 463. 
 
 Sir Fr. Drake’s Bowels where buried, O. 39.1. Plata nam’d 
 from him, 132. his taking Guatulco, 233. Courfe over the S. Sea; 
 280. Land-Crab found by him at an Ifle near Celebes, 473. 
 
 Draughts or Carts Erroneous, fee Miftakes. 
 
 Drift-wood, what, and where, O. 230. 
 
 Drink long abftain’d from, yet Urine voided, O. 282. Water 
 the common Drink of Indians, 431. where Corn-drink of Maiz 
 ( Pofole) O. 12. d. C. 43.113. with Honey, ib, Rice-drink, 
 0.368, 9. Samfbu, 419. of Wheat, fee Hocfhu. Of Millet, W- 
 -rio,1. of Sugar-Canes and a Berry, fee Bafhee-drink. Water 
 
 {weeten’d and fpic’'d, O. ee ee aN a Cartoa of it, Io. 
 : 3 
 
 Plantaine 
 
pels 
 ce 
 ym 
 
 _ Teeth black, 41. fee Anatta or Otta, d. Blood-wood, d. (or Rede 
 
 VOL GMT eYS hn om Se A ASSP et Oe ESN oe eT Se eee 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Plantain-drink,314, 5. Bonano-drink, 316. Milk, four, W. Ith 
 fee Tire. See Arack, Toddy, Tea, Water, VVine. Drinking to 
 one another, where usd, 434. fet and hard, 10. 369. 419. Wi 
 111. fee Drunken. ; 
 
 Diogheewhere frequent and mortal, and how cur'd,O. 255,6, 
 276. “si 
 Drugs, where a Commodity, O. 152. where feveral,$.61,3,126, 
 fee Aguala-wood, d. Alligators-Cords, d. Aloes, Ambergriefe, d. 
 Annife, d. Arek-nut, d. Bang, d. Betle, d. Cambodia (Gum 
 booge) Camphire, China-Roots, Cubebs, Gum-Dragon, d. Ge 
 linga, Lack, @. Musk, ¢. Rhubarb, Sago, d. Sarfaparilla, Scor- 
 pions, Tea, Vine wild, d. Vinello’s, d. fee Dyes; Fruits, Herbs, | 
 Roots, Spice. | 
 
 Drums us'd, C. 115. heard in the night, ©. 458. wherea Ter 
 rour, 4609. 
 
 ‘Drunken men loft at Sea, O. 51. | 
 
 —<—-———. Fe 
 
 Dry, fee Seafon, Weather. 
 Ducks, tame, where, O. 321, 9. 406. §33: $45. S$. 25. 30. 128. 
 163. 181. W. 109. 111. C. 69. Duck-houfes, S. 25, 6, Wild 
 Ducks, where, S. 26. (caught with Nets, ib.) 30. W. 109. Duck 
 and Mallard, their kinds, d.C. 69.70. ~ a 
 Dulce, Gulph, O.215. its Weather, W. 83. Tides, 96. 
 Dunghill fowl (Cocks and Hens) fee Poultry. Ss 
 Durian tree and fruit, d. and where, O. 319. 320. S.124. 18h | 
 Dutch, and Dutch Eaft-India Company, diligent, S$. 174. 182. i 
 Sea-men thievifh and clofe, 318. their tricks to fwell Cloves, th — 
 Jealous of the Englifh,331-Poffeffions and Trade in the W-Indies, 
 45, 6, 7,8. 63,4. C. 90.126. fee Aruba, Bonairy, Currafao, Te 
 bago. Inthe E. Indies, 0.318. 333. 496. $. 145,8. Veffels bought 4 
 and new fitted, 5.110,1. they engrofs the Spice-Trade, 0.316 
 350. S. 164, 6. deftroy the Spice, O. 316, 7. inflave or awethe 
 people, 316. 331.366. S. 115,6, 8. 164, §. with Guard-fhips, — 
 163, 4. 173, 4- therefore hated and dreaded, O. 316. 331.350% — 
 366. 456.5. 117. Free Merchants of them excluded the Spice- — 
 Iflands by the Company, O. 317. yet allow’d to Trade where the 
 Company not, 5. S. 135,6. other Spice-Iflands yet free, 0.350 
 513. Their Factory and Trade at Tonquin, S. 10,1, 233, 6+ 264h 
 (their houfe, d) 49.51, 2. 61,3, 4, 5. intrigue with Womens 
 Brokers, 51. Places got by them, 162. W. 56.0. 545. and loft 
 again,ib. narrowly mift by them, S$. 182,3. Dutch Ship furprizd, | 
 O 51, 2. eaten with Worms, 362. fee Batavia, P. Dindings 
 C. Good Hope, Macaffer, Spice-I/lands. — 
 Dyes, what and where, $.61, 4. poifonous usd for dying the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 wood of Nicoya, or Nicaragua-wood ) Cam-wood, Cochineel, & 
 Indico, d. Logwood, d. Sappan-wood, d. Silvelter, d. Stock 
 fifh-wood, d. The Skin dy’d or ftain’d by Indians, O. 538+ fee 
 Dammer, Painting. Ears 
 
 
 

 
 i va, . ol) (MISSA Gaeeee ee oe .F Oe ee Wee Beer we) Vee Male, = 
 
 General Index, 
 
 E. 
 
 Ars bord with wood in them, O. 32. Ear-rings, 427. §14.' 
 Earth yielding Salt-petre, where, C. 11. fee Soil. 
 - Earthen-ware, what and where, O. 250. S. 61,3. C. 115. fee 
 -China-ware, Jars. 
 _— Eating, how, O. 329.430. a Probation for Souldiers, S.61. 
 
 Ebb, long,a prefage of a Storm, W. 66. 70. fee Tide. 
 
 Eels, where, S. 128, 
 
 Eggs,found, eaten,traded for,O.14.22. 54.76. §00.8.30,.W.11I- 
 of Boobies and Penguins eaten,O. 159. of Eftriges, 464. 533. of 
 Land-Crabs, C- 33. of Alligators (musky) 79. of Crocodiles, ib. 
 Ants-Eggs, fee Ants. See Birds. 
 
 - Egg-birds, d. and where, O. 54. C. 23, 4, 6. 
 
 Pieces of Eight traded with, how and where, O. 245. 
 
 Elephants, whereand what, and how order’d, S. 22, 5- 47.69. 
 93.142, 4,6. 
 
 Elephant-Idols, where, S. 56,7. 91. 
 
 Elephant-Mountain, at Tonguin, 11.19. 
 
 _ Elephanta, aStorm, d. W. 74, 5+ : 
 
 Empaling where us’d, S. 140. 
 
 Employments, what and where, 0. 395. fee Artificers, Fifh- 
 ing, Trades. : 
 
 England, Englifh Channel, moft Regular Tides, W.91. great, 
 97. fee E. Coker. : 
 
 - Englifh, Poffeffions, and Trade in the W. Indies, 0.64. 227. 
 485. C. 4. §. 98-126. fee Caribbeelflands, Famaica, Logwood- 
 Cutters, Privateers. In Africa, 0.78. fee Guinea, Sanéta Hellena, 
 Natal. Inthe E. Indies, Factories and Trade,and Englifh E. India 
 Company, S. 101, 2, 3, 8, 9. 0.355, 8. gol. 476. 509. $12. ill 
 managed where, S. 101, 2, 3- 183, 4.146, 8. at Tonquin,’ 10, 1, 
 2, 3,6.41. (their houfe, d.) 48,9. 61, 3,5. 86 to 90,: 1¢1, 5. at 
 Achin, O. 502, 35 45 §- S. 130.145.(prefent to the Queen,145,6.) 
 &c..at Malacca by ftealth, 111.166. able men to be imploy~ 
 ed in Fattories, 102. Trade to be improy’d, S. 102. how and 
 where, ib. 103. O. 64+ 316,7.331.C.131.wkere defir'd to fettle,O. 
 316, 7« 331. 349+ 359-4385 9. W. 112.and Trade, $.5. welcome 
 to it, 135. well fpoken of, O. 455, 6. thought lefs incroaching 
 than the Dutch or Spaniards, 331.359. once traded to Formofa, 
 421. how they got Bencouli, 8.182, 3. and Sanéla Hellena, 0.545. 
 Englifh Women there, @. 548. Exploits under the K. of Sigm, 
 S. 105. 6,7. reward, 108. fome Maffacred there, others leave 
 it, 150, 1, 2, 3- War with Siam, O. 04. and with the Mogul, 
 $. 146. 178. Englifh fammon’‘d to Fort St. George, 153. Renega- 
 do's, 138. Englifh at Borneo, 0.370. 804. See Bencoult, Cunnimere, 
 _ Fort St. George, Fndrapore-Englifh Sea-raen {carce and valuable in 
 i Jape iit Mies the 
 
 
 
208: lA Ski URIS OTN Re 
 teh thas - : i oe 
 
 ¥ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - General Index. 
 
 the E. Indies, S. 112. carelefs of their health, W. 42. ferve the 
 Mogul, O. 507. ufe Azimuth-Compaffes, 531. feldom touch at the 
 C. Good Hope; and their Courfe to doubleit, #5. fee Barbadd's, 
 Courfe, Guinea, Famaiza, India. _ 
 Entertainments, howand where made, O, 328. 355, 9, 4 
 to 439.457. 486. S. 53,4, §. 78. C.113. W. 110, 1. enjoy 
 as a Mul@ to end Quarrels, S. 78. fee, under Manners g 
 Hofpitable. = 
 Equator or Equinoéial, (the Line ) not fo hot as near the Tro- 
 picks, and why, S. 32,3. what Winds and Weather there, and 
 Near it, ib. O. 2. 100,8. 110. 549. W. 6, 7. 8.9. IT. $354. 80,20 
 why S. VVindsthere, 6. 7. whenand where beft to crofs It,VVge 
 6-51, 3, 6. and how tobe done, 6. 7. 9, from St. Hellena; Q. $495 
 Efcondedo R. and Port, C. 48. - 
 Eftantions or Beef- farms, fee Beeves where. ve 
 Effapain the S, Sea, d. and its Mufcles,O. 250. - 
 Eftapo in Campeachy, d. C, 11, 1. in vain attempted, id, ; 
 Count @’ Eftre’s Expedition, VV. 46.0. 47. Shipwreck, ib, 
 Eftridges,(Oftridges) and their Eggs(eaten) where,O.4.64. 
 Ethicks, (Moral Philofophy) ftudied at Tonguin, S. 60. 
 Eunuchs, where the almoft only preferr’d, S.69.81, 2.and 
 85. their qualities, 83, 4, 5. Voluntary Eunuchs, 81, 2. 
 Europe,plenty of Sealsin the N. of it,0.90. fee Gallicia,En 
 Europeans, lik’d by the VYomen, where, Q. 327. Children on 
 of them in the W. Indies, call’d Crioles, 68. Prifoners fent 
 Mexico,C. 54, fee Danes, Dutch, Englifh, French, Portug 
 Spaniards. . 
 Eyes (fee fight ) fmall, O. 32.170. 39. 407. 427. meal 
 proportion’d, 297. black, 32. 395. 478. §37. S.128.hazel,42 
 Eye-brows, hanging over the Eyes, O. 32. thick, 426. ge 
 454. 537. VVomen with none, 479. / 
 Eye-lids, half clos‘d to ayoid Flies, 0. 464. 
 
 F, 
 
 4 Aces, where people of Round, O. 32.426. Oval, 325, 
 S. 40. (Negro-make) VY. 110. flattith, O. 537. §.40. long, 
 O. 7.44. 170. 297. 395+ 407. 464. 478. S.128. full, O, 32. t 
 170. VVomen rounder Vifag’d than Men, where, 326. well 
 turd, ib. fee Complexion, Countenance, Features. - a 
 _Fattory, what Men beft for fettling one, O. 352, 3+ S. 102, 3 
 Conjtant Falcons power at Siam, S. 95. 108; 9. 110, 1§2. 
 Famines, where and how occafion'd, S.37, 8.1 30 
 Fanain, of Coromandel, how mach, O. 508. 
 Fans of Palmeto-leaves, to blow the F ite, O.. 180, 16 
 Feafts, at V Veddings, O. 334. at a Circumcifion 0 
 ieee 397+ Annual, 53,5. Funeral, d. S, 52, 91,2. fee Entertain 
 ents, nde ; 
 

 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 - Feathers wore in Caps, 0.418, 9: W. IIT. Tote 
 
 _ Features, fee Chin, Eyes, Face, Fore-head: Limbs, Lips; 
 Mouth, Nofe, Shape. People of not one graceful Feature, 0. 464. 
 
 Feet, fmall, 0. 32. Womens, very, and why, and what the con- 
 
 fequence, 327. 408. going bare: foot, O. 32.326.408.455. S$. 433 
 
 LL. Fobn Fernand, d. 0.87, 8. 423. difcovery of it, 83, its 
 ftocking with Goats ,id. fertility, 87, 6. fith, 89. 90,1. ftrength, 
 7b. Herbage, 92. ablack Fowl there, 97. Hiftory of a Askites 
 man leftthere, 84, 5, 6. : 
 
 J. Fernando de Noronho, d. W- $6, 7: 
 
 Reiperos, or Negro-Priefts, S. 83. : 
 
 eavours, Men taken with them, 0.79. where frequent, 133 . 
 
 297.334. a malignant one, 224.230. what bad for them, S. 23. 
 200d, 2b. 
 q Fighting,manner of it, where,O.337,8. where none, 516. fhoré 
 and hafty, S. 74. fighting to death, a punifhment, 141. Indians 
 loth to fight in the Rain, 176. Mock-fight, O. 339. 340. fee 
 Cock-fighting. via 
 
 Fir-tree, where and how us’d, 8. 62, 4. ; 
 
 Fire, How got by Indians, O. 466. of what wood, ftrong, C;’ 
 0, 7. Fires feen in the night, where; O. 459. 382. a Spant( 
 fignal, 7b. and Privateers, 252. Laws and Provifion againft Fires; 
 S. 45, 6,7. and Punifhment; 79. 4 
 
 Fith and Fifher-men, what and where, O: 2.9: 11408134. 141,98 
 159-181. 241, 2, 3.257- 276s 283.297. 321. 348. 358» 39557596 
 400. 429.448. 463+ 474. 480, 5,.9+ 514, 5+ 533. 5.6. 8.11. 20; 
 T, 7, 8, 9+ 30+ 43- 64 89. 128.130, I. 142. 162, 3-175,6, 1816 
 C. 12, 3, 5. 215 255; 6- 3154s 71, 25 3-124, 7+ We 110, 1. fee 
 
 “i. Se re Si ee pe Oe Ds ee ee SPELT ee ee ee aL a CDN Perey ee bal aN lat aa NaS Sol all te 
 
 Le oe ed 
 
 Boneto, Breme, Cat-fifh, d. Cavally, Dog-fifh, Eel, Flying-fith; i 
 
 _ Gar-fifh,d. Few-fith, d. Limpit, Sea-Lion, d. Manatees d. Spanijh 
 Mackril, d. Mud-fifh, Mullet, Nurfe, d. Parricoota, ¢. Porpusy 
 Ray (Sting, Rafp, Whip-Ray) d. Remora or Sucking-fith,d. Rock. 
 fith (Grooper, Baccalao) d. Shark, Snapper, d. Snook, d. Sword- 
 fith, d. Tarpom, d. Tenpounder, Turtle, d. Old-Wives. fee Shell- 
 fifh. where none, O. 31. 282.381. f{carce, 117. 302. 429.463,9- 
 moft on Rocky Coafts, 90. 254.283. Fifh and Shoals where a 
 fign of Land near, ib. Fifh unwholefome from their food,where, 
 103, 4. kilf'd by Storms and Floods, O. $24. W. 68. 70, 1. Wild 
 Indians love fifth, 0.514. and Privateers always feck for it, 117,84. 
 where the main fubfiftence, and how caught, 455,6. way of 
 Fifhing at Tonquin,and Fifh-ponds, $.26,7,8,9,48. Fifhing-Inftru- 
 ments,and how us’d,0.2.7-8.9.10. d+ 35,6,7+39557+S+ 2758.9.1305 
 _ 1.C.13, fee Harpoons Hooks and Lines,Nets, Pegs. fee Manatee, 
 Turtle, Moskito men, Strikers. none found, 283..Fifhiog- Towns, 
 
 C.43.124, 7. and Banks,17. 21,2, 8. Pearl-fifhing, fee Pearl. Salt- 
 - fith, where, 124, 8. O. 269. Pickled Fifh, 303. C.124. a {mall 
 - fort lefs than a Herring, O. 933: - Anchovy, 5S. 27- Compo- 
 
 fitions 
 
 as 
 
= U 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 __ General Index. a 
 fition, 28. fee Balachaun, Nuke-mum, Soy. Fith eaten raw, with 
 Goats maw dreft, O. 430. ; 
 
 Fifbers 1. by Tonquin, d. 5. Io. 
 
 Fifhing-Hawks, Birds, where, C. 69. d. 71 
 
 The Five Iflands, fee Bafhee Mflands. 
 
 Flags us'd, where, S. 76. with Devices, O. 456. v- 
 Cineee where, d. O.70,1,2. its Tongue, and fingular 
 Neft, 71. | BS 
 
 Fleet, Plate, from Lima, and its Courfe, 0.171, 7,9. 184, 5, 
 207. Sailing Orders, 200, 1. ftrength, 207. fight, 209. Mexican- 
 Fleet, fee Armada, Barlaventa, Flota. ay 
 
 Flefh eaten raw, S. 30. how dreft, fee Cookery: i 
 
 Flies troublefome, where, O. 464. fee Moskitos or Gnats. 
 
 Flint-heads to Arrows, fee Arrows. . 
 
 Floats in the Sea, fee Bark-logs. 
 
 Flood, Flowing water, fee Tide. 
 
 Floods, Land, how, when and where, O. 16,7. 20. 96. 
 
 " $29. 360. Ci:80, 2, 20 91, 25:2. 1085-9.:122. $. 34, 5. ftat 
 the Torrid Zone, and whence, ib. caufe of Nile’s, ib. Rivers 
 by them only, 25. and Harveft depending on them, 37, 8, 9. 
 to keep them off, d.49. and Banks, 44. Havock made byt 
 49. 50. C.92, 3. W. 67,8, &c. Water then unwholefome,O 
 
 524. Houfes ftanding as in Ponds, 329. 360. S. 180. 4 
 
 Floors, how laid, covered, &c. O. 151. 328, 9.330. 411. 
 
 _ Flovida, Gulph, its Storms, W. 60. Currents, 105. Courfe 
 it, 18, 9. 24. 40. of the Barlaventa-Fleet, C. 126. its Ambefe 
 griefe, VV. 54. O. 73. Indians lefs favage than reported, 485. 
 
 Flower, a Commodity, where found, ©. 99. 142, 3, 5+ 17m 
 
 194, 6. 223. 249.250. 260. 418, 9. fee Corn. 4 
 
 _ Fluxes, where ordinary, O. 153. 334. S. 148. how caugil 
 _VY. 42. andcwrd, O. 311, 6. 330..S. 125. 137. 148. fee Damp 
 long illnefs. a 
 
 Flying-fith, where, O. 80, 
 
 Flying-Proes, d. and where, S131. 
 
 Fogs and Mifts, where and when, O. 94, 5. 153+ 322, 3+ V 
 
  §0,¥%. chiefly in fair weather, 41. turn to wind, 40. 51. n0 
 im Peru, O. 186. ; 
 
 Fogo I. of the ¢. Verds, d, its Volcan and Fire, O. 77. & 
 griefe, 73. : ; 
 __Fokien, Prov. of China, its Shipping and Trade, O. 417, 8. 18 
 Dialect the Court Language at Tonquin, S. 59. i, 
 
 Food, what and where, 0.8. 9. 14- 39. 329+357+ 464s 59% 
 
 (47354 540. $.22.30,1. 55. 129, C. 33. 59. 6% 52, 32 799 19 
 2, §- 113. VV. Ifo, 1. fee beafts, Birds, Cookery, Corn,Flowel; 
 Fruits, Infeé&s, Roots; Porfon. Bas a 
 
 Fore-heads, people of high, O. 407, low, 32. 426, round, 46% 
 
 G, 115, flat, ibe O. 325. (VVomens) 326, 7 
 

 
 General Index. 
 
 I. Formofa, d. paft and prefent State, Englifh excluded, &e; 
 O, 421. a 
 C. Fornnfa in Africa, its Fogsand Breezes, W.50,1. 
 Fortifications and Forts, what and where, 0.46. 63.119.141,4. 
 © 179+ 217. 221+ 242, 6, 7+ 300-331, 758, 9.378, % 387, 8. 416,76 
 - 447+ 454. 518, 9. $22. $33» §46. 5. 106,7. (of Trees) 145. d, 
 160, 5. de 173, 4,5, 559. 180, 1,3. C-8.14. 346 45. 10. 124, 
 8,9. VV. 57. Places advantageous to be Fortified, O, 91. 119. 
 120. 394. 
 Fourty-legs, infect, fee Centipees. 
 Fowl, fee Birds. 
 C. St. Francifco,d»O. 13%. 162. its Rains, VV. 83. Tides, 96. 
 Currents, 107+ 
 French, Fattory at Tonquin, S,15.and Miffionaries, 93 to 99, 
 their Intereft at Siam, 108, 9. difmifs,d thence, 112. 153. fight 
 before F. St. George, O. 522, 3. Refugees, where, 532.547. Ci- 
 _ vyility to the A.52. bad Husbands of the W. India Cattel, C. 98. 
 one kill’d by a Bullock, 120. fee DEfirees, Petit-Guavres, Prie 
 vateers. 
 Frefh-water Lagune in Campeachy, d- C. 94. fee VYater. 
 Friers, fee Priefts. | 
 Friday, the Mabometan Sabbath,O.338. 377. the fame day at 
 Mindanao, as in Europe, ib. : 
 Frocks, what and where worn, d. O. 327.408. d. C. 114. 
 fold, 119. 
 Frogs eaten, where, S. 25, 7+ 31- 55+ 
 Fruits which Birds have peck’d, wholefome, O. 39. but few 
 Birds where Fruits and Roots only,and no Grain, 426. what juice 
 unripe fruits have in both India’s, 222. A fmall fhell-fruit and 
 buth, d. C. 94.120. one like a Sloe, S. 125. Fruits growing wild, 
 ©. 258. none.in N. Holland, 464. fee Annife-berry or’ fruit, 
 _ Apple, Arek-nut, d. Avogato-pear, d. Betle leaf, fee Trees, Bo- 
 nano, d. Bread-fruit, d. Cacao, d. Cam-chain, d. Camequit, dy 
 Citrom, d. Coco, d. Coco-plum, d. Durian, d. Grape-tree of Cam- 
 peachy, d. of P. Condore, d. Guava, d. Hog-plum,d. Jaca,d.Lichea,d. 
 Lime, d. Maccaw, Mammee, d. wild Mammee, d. Mammee-fappo- 
 ta, 7. Manchineel, d. Mangaftan,d. Mango, d. Melon, (Musk, and 
 VVater-melon) d. Melory,d. Mulberry, d. Orange, d. Penguin, d. 
 _ Pine-Apple, Plantain, d. Pomegranate, Prickle-pear, d. Pumkin, 
 _ Pumplenofe, Sapadillo, d.Star-Apple, @. Vinello, d. fee Spice. 
 Funeral Feaft,d. S.52.91,2. Goods buried withthe dead,0.517. 
 
 G: 
 
 4 Cn R. Remora or Sucking-fifh near it, VV.54. 
 
 ! Gage’s Survey of the W. Indies noted, VV. 94, 5. 
 
 _ . Gallapage’s ifles, d. O. 99, 100, 1, 9. 110+ laid in Charts too. 
 i ie Nine ‘Rear 
 
Ee TPMT PAP Sore eight) ok new ones 
 Pariah kes 
 q 
 
 why, 41, 2. its Terreno’s, 47. and flormy Monfoons, 37. it wal 
 
 QO, 23,4, 
 
 compaffing it, 376, 7» daily increafe of Suns Declination to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 jnear America, O. 100. W. §7. Trade-wind brisk thence to 6 
 ir. Current there, 107. Weather, O. ro8. Soil, 109. the Trees, 
 Guano’s, Turtle (Land and Sea ) and Turtle. grafs and feed, 
 IOI, 2, 3, 6,7, 9. thetr Turtle found at Plata, 160.'A good Sta 
 whither, Ape 
 /Galleons (Spanith) fee Armada, Barlaventa- Fleet, Flota. | 
 Gallera, I. d.0. 174, 5+ 
 Gallicia in Spain, its Courfe and Seas, O. 423. hot Blooms $ 
 
 there, §30. its bad Beets and why,‘ 3: 31. fee. Corunna. 4 
 Gallingal, where, S. 
 Gallio, 1. Timber thence, O. a 140. Rains there, 2b, go 
 
 Anchorage, 163, 4. d. 169. 
 
 Galliwafp, a poifonous Infect, d. C.64. 
 Gallies and Gally- houfe, what and where, S. 76,7. fee Baat: 
 
 Proe’s. 
 
 Gaming, where much us’d, S. 42. Wives and Children, gam. 
 away, i. fee Chinefe, Timguinefe. 
 
 Ganga, fee Bang. 
 
 Garachina, point, d. O. 174.193. mifnam’d in Maps, A fire 
 
 Flocd there, 4. 5. its Oyfters, 177. > 
 Gardens, where and what, O, 118. 221. 26. d. $34, Se 8. 
 
 5. 160. 
 
 Garlick, where and how us‘d, S. 129. 
 
 i Garr-fith, a. €.71, 2. the Snout dangerous, ib. 
 Garrifons at Tonquin without Forts, S. 5125 4, See fort 
 R. de la Gartos, d. C.125 ne uh 
 Geefe, where, 0. $46. S. 
 
 Genton’s, who and ite a HOR ee Gt 
 F. Si. George or Maderas, Courfe thither, its fine Pro fpedt 
 S.178, 9. its Breezes, VV. 39- {leeping there in the open A 
 
 ie 
 
 a good Road, ib. A Fight before it, d. 0.522, 3. Idolatrous 
 eeffion there, 397. Lafcars, thence, re 51. its Mango's, O. 3 
 Hoc “(hu fold there, 420, Trade for Manilla Tobacco, 307: 3 
 P. George's I. O. 276. fee Maria’s Iles. 
 Giddineis caus'd by what, O. 319. and Diliriym, S. 126+ 
 Gilded-Rings a Commodity, where, C.119- fee Bullawan, 
 _Gilolo I. its low Coafts, O. 425. 447. Clove:iflands’ near it f 
 fee Ternate and Tidore. ‘ 
 Ginger, where, S. 63. 
 ‘*Glafs-Jewels, and Looking-Glaffes valued by Indians, C. 
 
 Globe of the Earth, its Circuit; O. 288, 9.290. breadth ool 
 Oceans and Continents mifreckon'd, ib. A day loft by the A. ill 
 
 allow d for, 377, 8. 
 Goa, almoft, all that remains tothe Portuguefe'in India, Pi x 
 
rite > — af ">" OR A. oe eee ie, be Ae eet Oe wees OF eee Pee a eS ee be Pan ree 
 
 - 
 
 General Index. 
 
 ‘ftormy Monfoons there, w. 74,5. Goa-Arack, what, O. 293. 
 
 Goats,where,O.48. 56. 70,4555 6 as 84, 6,7; 8.132,7.320.387. 
 406. 416. 419. 422,56. 435,6- 458. 532-545. 5.25. 30.127. W.50. 
 
 “kill’d by Winds, ib. not kilf'd by the Owners, 0.429. yet their 
 
 Skins and Mawseaten,ib. 430. Skins dreft,a Commodity, where, 
 142, 3. 254, . 
 Goat-\. of the Bafhees, d. O. 385. 422, 5. / 
 Gold, traded for, O. 169. 170, I. 333. S. 61, 4.129. 1§1,2. 
 
 taken by weight and little coin’d where, 132.0f China and Fapan, 
 
 S. 61, 4. Rate of it, what and where,61. 132. O. 356.Gold Mines, 
 Mountains and Rivers, and Gold gather’d, where, 41.124. 153, 
 8,9. 163.171, 5,8. 193, 4,5- 211.260, 1, 6, 9-273. 307,8- 310. 
 333-350, 1. 387. 513.8. 22. 61,4. 127, 5..133,4. and perhaps, 
 O. 426.&c. fee Bulawan. how gather’d, 153.195. Lumps of it, 
 and fo Dug, where, 7b. S..133, 4. Indians and their Padres in- 
 rich’d by it, O. 124. 195.308. Gold-Countreys all unhealthy,153. 
 S. 133, 4. Rings, cc. worn, Q, 365. 514. fee Butawgn. Gold- 
 
 Image, and Gilded Pagoda, S. 152. Gold-{miths, working, where, 
 
 I1Zg0,1.0.33!, 2. 
 Gold-Coajt of Guinea, Trials there by Bitter Waters, 5.3.83. its 
 Weather,' Tides, and Variation, W.52, 3. fee C. Corfo. 
 Golden I. of the Samballo's, its Turtle, O. 182. Breezes, L, 
 W. 36. 
 Golden- Mountain in Sumatra, d.O. 199. §. 121. 133. 
 Pulo Gomez, d. $.122, 3. 142. 
 Gong, what and where usd, 0.338. S. 69. 75,7. 
 Gongo, a punifhing Inftrument, d.S.79, 
 C. Lopez de Gonfalvo, fee C. Lopez, 
 C. of Good Hope, fee Hope. 
 Capt.Goodlud’s Trading in theE.India and to China,O.308.349. 
 Gorgonia, \. d. O. 172. very wet, why, W. 85, 6. 
 Government, where Arbitrary ( damping Induftry ) O. 326, 
 334, 5. (at Tonquin the Choua and Pageant Boua) S. 42. 66, 8,&c. 
 (at Achin, under Oramkeys, and a Pageant Queen) 141. where no’ 
 Form of it, bur domeftick only, O. 432. 465.479. W. 112. fee 
 Mandarin,Prince,Punifhment, Shabander. 
 Grafton-}. of the Bafhees, d. O. 385. 422-,5,6,8,9- 436. 
 Grain, fee Corn. Small, in Africa, fee Millet. 
 “Gramadael, anHerb, O.111. 
 R. Grande, rapid, O. 42. its Mouth, 43. 
 R. Grande de Darien, fee Darien, R. 
 Grapes, where and what, O. 532. Grape-tree of P. Condove, d 
 O. 392. of Campeachy, d.€.49. niakes ftrong Coals, 2b, 
 Grafs, what and where, O. 54,6, 7- 87. 112,35 121. 132. 218. 
 231/240. 265. 347+ 406.416. 426. 463.532. 3.24. C. 48. sd. 
 
 94. 108. 119. W. 109. fet on fire to burn Enemies, 265. to ma- 
 _nure Ground, C. 58. none in “cP Seas, $ 393. Silk-grafs,where 
 b 3 
 
 C. Gratia 
 
 and how us’d, VY. 110. 
 " J 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 €.Gratia Diss, itsTrade-w. VV. 17. weather, 82. Currents 
 iol, 2,4, 5. its River, fee Cape-R. iq 
 Greafing the Body, where us'd, O. 537. 
 Capt. Greenhills Letters to the A. VV. 49+ 83. - 
 Gripes, where frequent, O. 153. 334. 
 Grooper, fee Rock-fith. 2 
 Groves, what and where, O, 62. 2§8. S.24. 44.C. 6. 107. =i 
 VVoods. Idol- Grove, where, O. 411. oa 
 Guam (Guahon) 1. of the Ladrones, its Tides, VV.96. bri Kee 
 Trade-w. thither, 11. O. 285, 6. its Diftance from Mexico, va 
 rioufly reckon’d,and how found, 279. 280, 2,3,§ to 8. 290. what _ 
 from Mindanao, 288.306. the Stage of the Acapulco-fhip, goin 
 Out, 245.283. 29¢, 1. Guam, d. 290, &c. its fruits, 291. fifhand 
 Indians, 297. their Proe’s, d. 298, 9. 300. Hogs, 302. Fort and 
 Spaniards, 300, &c. Time reckon‘d there as in Europe, 377» 
 Guanchaquo, Port to Truxillo, O. 98. ; 
 Guano, d. and where, O. 57. 1ol. 177.212. 263. 320-392 
 50, 9. 63.96. 118, Venemous Beatt like it,O. 321.392. 
 Guards of Princes, what and where, O. 335.485, 7+ Se 69. 
 Guard-fhips (Dutch) where and why kept, 163,4. 173,4- 3 
 C. Gardafuer (de Guardafuy) its winds and weather, VV. 20, 
 Guafco, whence its Timber, O. Igo. \ 7 
 Guafickwalp (Guazacoalco) R. d.C. 121, 2, 3- . 
 Guatimala City and Volcan, d. O. 225. 230. product, 225,7,9 
 Coaft high, 425. low thence to California, ib. Current, VV. 108. 
 Guatulco (Aguatulco) Port, d. its Buffadore, O. 232, 3, 9 its 
 Tides, 238. VV. 96. T. here once, taken by Sir. Fr.Drake,0.23}) _ 
 Guava, d. and where, O. 222. 258. Zl. $.23, 4. 124. 18107 
 C. 94. 107, 8. 4 
 Petit-Guavure (French Tortuga) O. 30, 1. 45+ §455- 192» G. 5% 
 VV. 46. = 
 _ Guaxaca, its Cochineel, 0.329. Ra 
 Guiaquil or VVyakil, Bay, R. and T. d. O. 147, 9. 180,1,2;60 
 in vain attempted, 153,&c. whentaken, 157. Port to Qui, 
 ma its Commodities, ib, 60. 96.140. 152. Rains, 140. noheak 
 thy, 153. | 
 La Guiare, (Porto de Guayra) d. 0.63. 185.C.126, ae 
 Guinea, Coaft, d. VV.8.14. 80, 1. why divided into Lee- and 
 WVindward, 15. low and good Anchoring, 0.425. {pout there, 
 d. 452, 3. VVinds, VVeatner and Courfe thither and thence,&cs 
 VV. 3. 4. 7. 8+ 9.10, 2, 3,5, 6, 8. 240557» 38. $1, 2, 35 $y 6. 800 
 itsHarmatans, d@.49. Currents, what, sr. and when they thift, 
 106, 7. Hawks-bill Turtle,O. 105. Hippopotamus, d.C.104,5,6 
 Palm-wine, 0.78. 248. Plantains, 315. its Negro’s Coal-black, 
 464. greafe themfelves, 537. Trade for Slaves, 51a. VVomen, 
 (even the Kings) proftituted, 395, 6. fee C. St. Ana, old €a : 
 lubar, R. Gabon, Gold-Coaft, Laango, C. Lopez de Mani yg 
 
 = 
 
See eS ee Tee! SS Pest eT Reng eagle ee eee Ta St eee ae 
 en? 7 : 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Mount or Miferada, C. Palmas, Sherhoro Re and 
 
 Bite of Guinea, d. winds and weather, VV.8.16, 8. Current, 5. 
 
 Guinea-Corn, where, O. 48- VV. 110, I. : 
 
 Guinea- or Cod-pepper, Sauce and Pickle of it, O. 296. C.124. 
 
 Guinea-worms, where, a difeafe, and how cur’d, C. 89.90,1. 
 
 Sea-Guils, where, VV. 56. 
 
 Gum, fee Cambodia, Dragon, Lack. 
 
 Gumscleans’d, by what, O. 319. 
 
 Guns, great and {mall, where and what, O. 329. 331: 343. 
 S. 69.70. a Commodity, 65- C. 41. when difcharg’d, O. 343, 9- 
 354. turning on a Swivel, 40. refts and Covering,S.71,3. Sticks, 
 0.118.Gun-powder,made where and how,S.70.97. 8, 9. fee Forts. 
 
 Guts eaten, where, O. 538. See Maws- 
 
 Guzurats, Brokers at Achin, $.129.134, 5, 7- 
 
 H. 
 
  R. de la Hacha.d. 0.43. its Stock-fith-wood, C. 58.the Gals 
 leons touch there, O. 185. and Barlaventa-Fleet, C. 126. 
 
 Hair of the head, where black, O. 7. 32. 44.170. 2975 3255 9 
 395.407.427. 464.478. S. 40. 128. Lank or ftreight, .O. 7. 
 325, 6-395. 427. 464. 478. S. 40. Long, O. 297. 326.407.4654. 
 S. 40. 128. Thick, O. 427. S. 40. Short, curd or crifp’d, O. 
 464. 537. W. 108. 110. fhortned to the Ears, O. 427. 438. Chi- 
 
 nefe fafhion of it, 407. $.15. and fondnefs for it, 32. fee Chinefe. 
 
 Moft cut off, or fhav’d, fee Tartars. Cut off to prevent Feavours, 
 O. 186. how tied by Women, 326. 407. C.114. ftuck with hells, 
 ©. 538. with Tallow and Feathers, W. i11. fhewn, to exprefs a 
 Multitude, O. 514. Of the Beard, fee Beard. Of the Brows, fee 
 Eye-brows. Horfe-hair red worn in Capss 419. 
 
 Half-moon-Proes, d. where, S. 5. 
 
 Hallover in Campeachy, d. C. 120. 
 
 Halpo, d.C, 111, 9. 
 
 Hammocks of Indians, C. 65. 115. 
 
 Haniago, its Shrimp-trade, C. 127, 8. 
 
 Harbours, what and where, 0.46.50,6. 76. 99. 111, 8,9.120,5. 
 151, 2, 176. 188. 193; 8.215, 7-221. 232, 3,9. 243, C0 7, 9. 
 254, 6+ 321. 378. 383, 557, 8. 3905 4+ 417. 421.454, 8. $33, 9. 
 $. 173-C. 42, 3,4,8. 125,6, 7-W. 35. 74. on what Coafts beft, 
 O. 309. andhow made, 422, 3, 4,5. 
 
 Harmatans, VVinds, d. VV. 49+ 50 
 
 Harpooas or Fifgigs, O. 2. 7. 8.9. 10. 4.35, 6, 7+ C. 13. 
 
 Harveft in the Torrid-Zone is in the Dry feafon, VV. 81. Two 
 in a year, S. 25, depends on the Annual Rains and Floods, 37,8. 
 fee Rice. 
 
 Hats, what and where, made, O. 150. worn, ‘G. 114. S. 43. 4 
 Commodity, O. 76. 115, Cs FIO, 120. 4 
 
 Hatchets, 
 
 ~~ 
 
ie th a ik are 
 
 
 
 ~ Hot Climates, O. 542. : 
 
 : BA ea 5 a —T Ms " oe Aah i = Bi ti re. aa WIR Reee ae ae ee ee hae Pee ‘ 
 General Index. 
 
 Hatchets, what and where, S. 131, 181.4 Commodity, where, 
 G. 41.119. Stone-hatchets, d.and where, O. 85, 466. fee 
 Havanna in Cuba, its Plantains, O. 313. touch’d at,185.C, 126, 
 Havens, fee Harbours: 3 
 Hautboys usd in Churches, C. 115. a 
 -Heads. people of Little, O. 325. Great, 464. usd to be bare, 
 407. 427. S. 43. a punifhmeat, 79. fee Caps, Hair, Hats, Tur 
 bans, Head-ach, frequent, where, O. 153. | ae 
 Healthy places and Unhealthy, O. 153. 297, 8- fee Air, Dif 
 eafes. wet feafon, unhealthy, 297, 8. VVet places to people of 
 Dry, 186. R i 
 _ Hean T. Province; Trade, &c, d.S, 145 $16, 9+ 205 55.49.93. 
 Paffage-boat to Cachas,99. 100. . ; 
 Heat, what and where, S.32,3, 4-149- how Indians lite 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ee 
 
 Hedges, what and where, O. 296. 534. S. 45. ie 
 Sanéa Hellena,t. a baiting-place, VV. 4. healthy but poor, 
 
 S, 111, 2. deep Sea, and high Coaft,O,423. d. 544,5. its c 
 of Mafters, Product, Inhabitants, Englifh VVomen,&c. 54§,6,7,84 
 
 - Point Sanéka Helleha,and Village, d. 0.133, 4. its Product,1§9 
 
 - Hemp, where, O. 218, 9. 223- a 
 
 Hens, (Dunghill fowl) fee Poultry. ss 
 Herbs, where, O. 532. Sallade; S.12. 22, 3, 30.45. 125. 
 inal, O. 92. 334. S.2253.-126. devour'd by Locufts, 0.4 
 Bur, Gramadael, Grafs, Mofs, Purflain, Thiftless ae 
 _ Herons, d. and where, C. 69. 70. S. 26. 
 Hides; how dreft, C.88. a Commodity, 110; O. 115. 152% 
 worn, VY. 111. feeSkins, Leather, Bark. ae 
 Hilanoons, Mindanaians, their Proe’s, Mines, &c. O. 325-383 
 Hills ragged, O. 251. fee Mark, Mountain, Soil and | 
 Hina-hill, d. ©. 44. . 
 Hippopotagnus, River, or Sea-horfe, of Loango, d. C. 104, § 
 of Natal, d.104) 6,7. VV. 109. of C. Good Aope, d.C. 103 
 Hifpaniola, its Storms, VV. 44, 5» 60. Currents, Ior. Savalt 
 nahs, ©. 87. Anatta and Indico, 227. Orange-groves, C. 6. die 
 vided between French and Spaniards, O.192. fee C, Alta Velas 
 Petit-Guavyes. . 
 Hives tor Bees, what and where, C. 112. 7 
 
 F Hockfing of Beeves, d. and wheresC. 96, 7, 8s Hockfing-Irom 
 
 +97. a 
 Hoc-fhu, its Jars, &c. where fold, O. 419. 420. S. 4375 — 
 
 Hoe’s, 2 Commodity, where, ©: 119. fee Plantations. 
 
 _ Hogs, what.and where, O. 9. 62.76. 141. 166, 758.17 
 200+ 240. 302. 320, 3435 4+379- 3825 7: 39257. 406: 4¥0, 1,9 
 426. 4355 6, 7. 480, 9-532. 5455 6. S. 25, 123, 7+ 181. C.305158 
 3.4) 6,7. 98-128. (eating fifhy, 75.) VV. 109. food for them, 
 ©. 166. and Decoys of them, 168. the VV. Indies how ftocké 
 
 \ with 
 
General Index. 
 
 with them, C. 98. not kill’d, nor the Guts medled with, "where; 
 O. 429. eatenraw, S. 30. Hog-farms, fee Crauls. China-hogs, 
 
 _ d. O: 436. much meazled,ib. how abhorred by Mahometans, 343,44 
 
 490. 515. fee Pecary, Warree. 
 Hog- Mle, d. O. 475. others neat it, 7b. 
 Hog-plum-tree a fruit, d. and where,O: 123, 
 New- Holland, reckord too far tothe E. O. 289. and tothe N: 
 462, its Lat. to be kept, by what Ships, 289. how to be coafted, 
 351. Difcoveries to be made, 352 Dangerous Shoal near it,46 1,23 
 Coaft, d. 462,3. Tides, 462, 9. W. 99. Manatee and Turtle, 
 thy, O. 33.449. 463, 4. Vegetablesand Animals, 462. 3. trouble- 
 
 _fome Flies, 464. The forry Inhabitants, d. 464, &c. 48. fub- 
 
 fiftence, 465. weapons, 466. fear of Strangers, 467, difefteem, 
 of Cloaths, &c. 468. awkardnefs at work, greedinefs, incuriofity, 
 ib féar of Guns, 460. greafing themfelves, 537. penury, 464,6,6, 
 485. greater thanthe Hottentots,464. he, 
 Honduras, Bay, low Coaft thence to Sanda Martha, O. 424s 
 wet, 230. Breezes, W: 34. Hawks-bill Turtle, O. 104. and Green, 
 105. Ambergriefe found, 73. China-Roots, 409. Mountain-Cow, 
 
 C, 103. Logwood and Logwood-cutting, 10. 53. O. 449. 4304 - 
 
 “firft Trading of Englifh there, 227. 
 
 Honey, where, O. 78, 371. C. 112, 3: fee Bees. 
 
 Hooks and Lines, fifhing, S. 28.131. C. 12.31, 4. x4 
 Hoops, or Wrift-bands of Silver, O. 365. of Gold, 514. 
 
 C. of Good Hope, feafon of doubling it, O. 327. and courfe to 
 
 do it; $31. cold Winds there, why, 529. 530. Trade- winds, 
 
 W. 19. Breezes, 24. not the neareft way to the Eaftern Indies j 
 O. 331. touching there, 531. figns of being near it, 7b. Coaft and 
 Profpett, 530, 1. Table-land and Harbour, 7b. $35. Dutch Settle- 
 
 ments and French Refugees, 531, 2: Produét, 532, 3. Dutch 
 
 — 
 
 Fort; T.and Garden, d. 533; 4; 5. Provifion and Taxes, ib. Hip: 
 popotamus, d. C. 163, 4. Negro’s, ‘fee Hottentots. — 
 Horizon, Clouds there; how aud of what a fign, fee Clouds: 
 
 _ The Dawa high or low, prefages fuch Winds, 0. 498. 
 
 Horns of Spiders, Pickers for Teeth, and Tobacco-pipes, C.64. 
 Horfes, where, O. 48. 115.25 354,55359-26559. 270, Ie 320,387. 
 832. S. 25.47. d. 59. 127. 134. UC. $2, 9.102. None, O. 223. 
 
 , eaten, 259.5. 30,1. Horfe-Idols, 56, 7. 91. 0. 296. 
 
 Horfe-tioof,;a Shell-fith, d. C. 44, 5. 
 Hofpital, where, 0.221... . 
 ‘Horréntots, or Hodmadods, of Monematapa, d.O. $36 to 542. 
 
 » their Make and Habit, 537,8- Houfes, 464. 539. food, bartering, 
 
 and way of Living, 464. 540, 1,2. Dancing at N. and Full Moon; 
 
 841. W. $5. their-Neighbours, 108, &c. 
 
 Houfes, what and where, O. 139. 140. 300. 322,8,9- 339,5,9,7- 
 
 © 365+ 387+ 410. 417+ 428. 457-479--539- Ss 125 3+ 4354, 5957284 _ 
 © 9334e Ce 115+127+ L100 eee W. 108. Duck-houfes, 
 : ees My 
 
 S 2 he 
 
Pee Ce Ene a RL ey te eg a ee ae 
 ’ ; Br ee ieeat ~ aD. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 8,25, 6. Galley-houfes, d. 77. fee Floors, Pofts, Roofs, Walls, 
 “windows, Houfholdftuff, $. 43. 93.129. 131) W. Ilo. a 
 Hudfons Bay, not beft way to feck a N. W. Paffage, 0.273. 
 Humming-Bird, d. C. 65, 6. ie 
 Hunting, where and how, O. 36456, 7, 8,9. C.33, 4, 5: (in 
 4 Canoa, d.) 81, 3) 45,6. W. 110, I. little, S. 25. fee Beeves, 
 Deer, Hogs. a 
 Hufricans, what and where, W. 60, 5. d- 68,9. 70,152. Clouds — 
 _ prefaging them, d.7i. 
 Husband-men, and Husbandry, where and what, O. 269. 4le’ 
 S, 130. 182. W. 110. by burning of Grafs, C. 38. of Cattel, 98 
 fee Harvett, Plantations, Plowing, Rice. 
 
 J. 
 y* (Jack) tree and fruit, d.and where, O. 320. S. 124+ 181 
 Jaccals, where, O. 240. 3 
 Jackets, what and where, O. 427. S.43. C. 114. 
 Subtle-Jacks, Birds, d. and their Nefts, C. 65, 8, 9- 
 St. Fago, I. of the C.Verds, d. 0. 76, 7+ 
 St. Fago R. in Mexico, d.O. 267, 8. the T.270. 3 
 St. Fago R.in Peru, d. O. 163, 4. : 
 Famatca, Coatts, d.W. 31, 2, 5, 6+ 83,4, 101. Savannahs and id 
 Mountains, 83, 4. O. 87. C. 7.8.98. its Breezes, 28 to 3264+ 
 Weather, 83, 4. Storms, 60, §,8. Currents, 101. Courfe to or — 
 from it, 18,9. 39.40. 62.106. beftBoats, 31. Trading about 
 it, C. 8. 9. Salt-petre Earth, 7.8. Cattle whence and how mae 
 nag’d, 98. and what it owes to the Spaniards, ib. O.60. 203, fi 
 424. Centipee’s, 320. Vegetables, Trade,&c. 60, 4. 118s 12 
 203,4+ 222, 6,7,8+ 296. 314. gag. C.7. 8. 9- negletted, O. 204 
 227+ Fifh, 33. 104. 249. Nets for Turtle, d. 395: where takell, 
 W. 36. price of Slaves, 184. fleeping in open Air, W. 41% 
 French Squadron there, 46. fee Blewfields, Blew Mountain, Mom 
 te Diabolo, Legamy, Point Negril, Point Pedro, Ports Royal. 
 Famby, its Pepper, S. 182. Fe 
 Fapan, ftore of good Tea there, O. 409. Soy thence, S.28.its 
 Gold pure, 61. 127. Lacquer-ware, 61. 1g1. Camphire d 
 there, 126. Trade thither, what, 15. rich, and how tobe fetl 
 ¥o2, 3-117. O. 394. Monfoons, W. 21. 
 Jars, d. O, 196, 7+ 419. 420. 434, $+ S. 98, 9. 105. 146+ 
 Fava, I. high Coaft, O.425. anI. off it, d. 472, 3- ano 
 us'd there, 537. Maiming, S. 139. Trade, 5. Pepper, 182 
 groft by the Dutch, 116. Fruit like a Sloe, 125, Malayan 
 there, O. 394. Counter-winds in Streights to the E. of it, 
 Streights of Sunda, 394. fee Bantam, Batavia. 
 Idolatry, fee Altars, Feafts, Groves, Images, Incenfe, 
 Paper, Proceffions, Sacrifices, Temples, Torches, and 
 Hols, whete and what, Q. 396, 7» 400. 415, 2+ Ss 96,75 817 
 

 
 General Vndex. 
 
 Feoly the Painted Prince, &c.O. 350. 511, 35.4,8,5,7- $29. 549° 
 
 Few-fith, d. and where, O. 249. 259.277. falted, 277, 9. 
 
 Fibore (Thor) R. and Kingdom, d. S. 4. its Half-Moon-Proes, d. 
 and Trade, 5.158. 164. Malayan Natives, 128. 
 
 Images, fee V. Mary, Saints. 
 
 Incenfe, where us‘d in Sacrifice, S. 58. 
 
 Indies and Indians, General Obfervations of them, O, 222. 
 244, 5) 6-296. 433, 4. 466. 514.542. § 46.116, 7. 128, 176) 
 C. 6. W.41, 2. 74. 
 
 Eaft-India, Coafts, O. 425. Produé, 174. 315. 387. 391. 518+ 
 Indians, E. Habit, Ufages, State, &c. 295,56, 7. 309. 328. 348- 
 380, 35 7+ 391s 4s 5- 4331 4+ 455, 5, 9. $37. S$. 13. 24, 37, 8 
 40, 2» 64, 112, 129. 130.142, 3. 1§3. 164. 
 
 Eaft- Indian Ocean, its breadth, O. 289+ difcovered by‘Sea, - 
 
 830. S. 161. how to be further difcover'd, O, 331, 2. Courfe to 
 and from, 331.549. W: 3. 7.8.18, 9.22, 3, 4, §. Baiting-places, 
 4.0. §27. 331. Winds and Weather, 306. W. 3.4.7. 11, 75 9- 
 20 to 7- 39.47, 8. Storms, 60. Tides, 97. Currents, 107. Fifh 
 O. 90. 105. 174. 449. fee Aracan, Bao or Boutan, Bafhee \flands, 
 Bengal, Bouton, 1. Cambodia, Champa, Celebes, Ceylon, China, Co-s 
 chinchina, P. Condore, Coromandel, Formofa, Fapan, Fava, La- 
 dranes,Malabar, Malacca and Malayan, Meangis, Nicobar, Omba, 
 Pentare, Pegu, Philippine Ufles, Pifcadores, Pracel, Prata, Siam, 
 Spice-Iflands , Sumatra, Timor, Tonquin, P. Uby. E. India Voyage 
 (Glanius’s) noted, S. 125. : 
 Weft-Indies, Courfe to or fram it, W. 9. 18. 24,5. 39+ 40. §3- 
 VVinds and VWVeather, 17, 24, 7.102. Seafon of Sugar-making, 
 81, 2. Storms, 60,0. 451. Tides, VV. 97. Currents, lof, 2, 4, 
 8, 6. Change there, O. 58. Productions, 34.87.91. 101, 2, 3, 46 
 2C4, 213. 222,7. 313, 4,$- 320. 426. 453, 4. S$ 24.C. 89. In- 
 dians, VV. their Habit, Stage, Management, Ufages, &c. O. 7, &c. 
 12, 35 8, 9+ 20, T, 3, 4+ 315 2p 8 41, 3s 4e 113) 4. 123, 4,71 Be 
 134+ 14145558)9+ 153,49 7 £63, 75 8,9. 170. E81, 2s 34+ 1914s 
 §, 8. 218.229. 2339455» 249- 250, 1,7 8 Oe 254, 5,5. 272, 36 
 309-4845 5, 6- 538, 98 C. 31. 4253) O 94, S¢ 110 CO 124, 7, 8e 
 131.fee America, Atlantick Sea. See St. Andreas, Aruba, Aves,Blancty 
 Bocca del Drage, Bocca-Toro, Bonaity, Campeachy, Caraccos, Caribbe, 
 Cartagena, Comana, Coquibocoa, Corn, \. Cuba, Currafao (Querifaa) 
 
 Darien, Grande R. Guiare, ( Guayra) Florida, R. la Hacha, - 
 
 Hifpaniola, Honduras, Famaica, Ujthmus, Fucatan, Maracaybo, Mare 
 gavita, Sanita Martha, MexicoGulph, Moskito's, Nicaragua, Pearle 
 Flt, Madre de Popa, Cofta Rica, Porto Rice, Provideuce, C Romany 
 Sambalo’s, Scuda, Tortuga, Trinidada, ©. Ia Vela, Venezuelay 
 Verina. 
 Indian-Corn, fee Maiz. 
 Indieo, d. where, and how made, 9. 22,9. (price of it) 227, 
 Indrapore in Sumatra, O. 511, 2, 3. its Pepper, $. 182. 
 [C2] Indraughte 
 
Gee “+ General Index. 
 InPraught-Land, what the Dutch call fo, O. 289, a 
 Infetts, a poifonous one,d. O. 321. fee Ants, Bees, Beetles, — 
 
 Gentipees, Cochinecl, Land-Crabs, Flie’s, Frogs,Galliwafps,Gua- 
 
 no’s, Lizards, Locufts, Maggots, Moskito’s or Gnats, Scorpioas, 
 
 Snakes, Soldiers, Spiders, Coads, Wood-Lice or White-Ants, 
 
 . Inftrument-Cafes, coverings for them, C. 73. 
 
 St. Johns I. by China, d.its Animals, Rice, Inhabitants, Houfes, 
 Husbandry, O. 406 to 410. Bell Idoll and Temple, 411,2. Ship? 
 ping, 412, 3. oe a 
 ' St. Fobn I. of the Philippine’s, d. O. 306, 8, 9. 384. 442, 3. 
 
 Capt. Fohnfons Murder, S. 110, &c.- as 
 
 Jonks, of Aynam, d.$. 8.9. of the Chinefe, 136. fee Chinefes 
 
 Jrifh Beef, a Commodity, O. 53. Men, 388. C. 77, 8... > 
 
 Iron, how wrought by the Moskito’s, O. 48,5. where none, — 
 454,6. wild Indians have not the ufe of it, 85. its value among 
 them, and how and where 4a Commodity, 12,2,8. 23. 385. 350,38 
 371. 431,4, 58,9. S. 167. O.110,9.underftood & wrought where, 
 O. 429. 432. Iron Rings made, W.111. fee Axes,Guns,Hatchets, _ 
 Hockfing-Iron, Hoes, Knives, Macheats, Needles, Saws, Sciffas, 
 Wedges. - 
 
 iflands, ranges of them have beft Land-Breezes, W. 34, 6. Ie 
 mote from the Continent have fmall Tides, 91, 5,6. Iflands 
 Anonymous, in the B. of Panama, O. 175, 6, 7,8. 188. 198. 0f — 
 Spice,317. fee Spice. near Sebo, with Canes, d. 379. 380. The 
 Five Iflands, fee Bafhee. : e 
 
 I{/paban, Merchants fpend the Hot Seafon there, W. 48- . 
 
 Ijthmus of America or Darien, its. Breezes on the N. W. 29. — 
 Cedars, O. 29. Mountain Cow, C. 103. its Indians, O.12,3,455,8" 
 to 24.40. 182. Enemies to thofe of the R.. Darien, 41. a Receipt 
 of theirs, 449. Intercourfe with the Englifh, and how began, 220 _ 
 180 to 4. 261. and Privateers croffing the Ijthmus, Intr. Tt 
 to 24. 191, 6,7. fhorteft Paffage, 23. Soil, 18. Croffes, ib. Mail 
 Ridge, 22. for particular places, d. fee the Map,O.1. | . 
 
 » Fucatan (Yucatan) Coafts, Rivers, Towns, &c. d. C.°9 to 165 
 21,2..and VVinds, VV.'32,3- VVeather,82. Currents, 105: Looks 
 outs, ©. 13, 4, 5. Soil, 14, 5. Salt-petre, 11. Salt-ponds, me 
 Trade, 10,1. Vegetables, 10,1,2,4 ,6. 57.Fowl and Deer, 15. Indians 
 Watchmen, 13, 4: Fifhermen,Fifh, Fifhing-Banks and Towns,12) 
 3545. goin funk Canoas,.12. Spaniards, 11,5. Privateers there 
 ri, 2, 5. For particular places, d. fee the Map, C. 1. - + 
 
 ~ Port St. Fulian, its Oyfters, O. 177.: be aid ae i 
 « Juftice, by agreement, O. 432. corrupt, S.78. amicable, ib, 20° 
 Courts of it, Appeal, nor Delay, 80. JuftSea-men, 117, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 +) 
 ‘ - 
 
 K. i <3 to 
 (A EYS or Iflands, fee of Cuba, Quibo. 
 
 we. Keyhooca, fee Caithooca, ote 
 sf: a . Lig§ th i , K 
 
General Index. 
 
 Kings, fee Princes. Kings-Iflands, fee Pearl-Ifands. 
 Kittimpungo, the Hippopotamus fo call’d, C. 105. 
 Knives, a Commodity, C.q1.119. valued by Indians,O.13.23 - 
 
 Lis 3 
 
 Ack, (Lacque) for Fapaning, what, and where, S. 22, 4, . 
 d. 61,2, 105. a Commodity, ib. O. 400. Lacker-ware,what. \ 
 and where made, 409. S. 24. 41. 54.60. d. 61,2. 71,4. 
 
 Ladders, how and where usd, O. 151.428,9. fee Gongo. 
 
 Ladles made of Coco-nut fhell, O. 294. 
 
 _ Ladrone Miles, Situation and Winds, 0.297,8,9.300. fee Guan 
 
 Lagunes or Salt-water Lakes, O. 241, 2. 262,4. mot fifh’ 
 241, 3.264, 5. and L. Breezes, W. 34, 5, 6 and Tides, 91, 2,3° 
 fee Termina. ; ; i 
 
 . Lamps burning, before Idols, O. 396, 7. 412. 
 
 Lances, where us'd,O. 117. 337+ 400+ 432, 466, 7, 9. S. 72, 6s 
 113.176. Lance-wood, d. where found, and ufesof it, O, 118. 
 
 Land, how known to be nigh, fee Clouds. See Bays, Capes, 
 Coafts, Marks, Mountains, Rocks, Soil. Landing, bad,O. 75.231, « 
 259+ 247» 251,354. 262, 4, 7» 422,3,4,5- C. 107. 118.123. good, 
 48. O. 133. 169.233. 258. 264. 4225 3,4,5, Land difcoverd by. 
 Capt. Davis, 352. ae ge ‘ 
 
 Languages, what and where fpoken, O. 330, 1.431. fee Ara- 
 bick, Chinefe, Malayan, Meangian, Philippine, Spanifh, Tonquine(e. 
 Words of feveral, fee Words»; ~ ., reas Lah 
 
 Laos, Kingdom, S. 18.21... 
 
 Lafcar’s, poor E. Indian Sea-men, S. 112. 
 
 Latitudes, by Obfervation,O.82,3-110. 281,5,6,7+ 421. 453 474. 
 494. by Reckoning,erroneous,288,9.290. the A.in.6o. S.Lat. 83- 
 » Lavelia,d. O. 176. 21% Commodities, 186. Lima Fleet fhelter 
 there, 200, 1, 8. . cae 
 
 Raja Laut, who, 336. his Character, Family, Expeditions,@cce 
 335, 758,9+ 344+ 356, 7-365,758. Intercourfe between him and 
 the Englifh,316. 349. 35394565758,9. 36 1,2545657,859+37 9-444, 555+ 
 
 Laws, ftudied, 5.32. ftritt, 138. fee Fire, Government, Juftice, 
 Punifhment. Tae & la 
 
 _.Lead,a Commodity, where,O, 360, 3.435. S. 55. 
 
 Learning,what and where, O. 330, 1.5.59. 60. 81. 137s 
 
 . Leather, feeGoats-skins. ° 5 
 Leeward Iflands, the Caribbe, why-call'd fo, W. 15. fee Guinea. 
 ~ Legs, how {wath’d, and. why, O. 32. how broken, S-77. clogd, 
 78. people going bare-leg’d, 43. O. 325. 480. 456. fitting crofs- 
 leg d, 329. ; : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 Lempa R. Boundary of the Spanifh Trade, &c. O. 225. 4 
 Leon, Ov 213..,Post, 215. fee Realeja., Creek, 217. Cit 
 ie G ios an 
 
 Legamy, Legatea, in Jamaica, W. 36.83. 
 y. 
 21: d 
 
 
 
Oe tee? 
 
 32.297. long, 464. clean, S. 40.C. 115. fall, 325, 7. 464. 
 
 83. 94. none, 44+ how order'd, 37, 8. 57. 80. makes - 
 
 General Index. 
 
 and Countrey, d. 218. taken, 217, 8. and burnt, 219. - 
 
 Leprofy, where and what, O. 297. 334.S. 14. 68. Antidote | 
 
 535 4. ae 
 hers, Spanifh, intercepted, O. 171. 180.200, I. Englifh, 
 
 355) 9. 370. Communicated to the Author, C. 103, 6. W. ve wo 
 
 539457 : 
 
 Leyden, Skin ofan Hippopotamus there, C. 103, 4+ 
 
 _Libby tree, and its Sago, d. and where, O. 110, I. 
 
 “Lice, Negro’s and Indians fubje& to them, O, 838, 9: Wood- 
 lice, S+127. 
 
 Lichea tree and fruit, Sle3ed. 24. 
 
 Lightning frightful, O. 131. 225.322. 414. 459-S.145. Wise 
 88. fee Thunder, Tornadoe’s. A Light in Storms,fee Corpus Saag 
 
 Lignum Aloés, and Aguala wood, where, S. 8. 
 
 Lima, its Trade, Fleet, woke to and fro,8zc. O. 136,8.142,3. 
 171, 9. 180, 4, 5. 200, 1, 6, 7, 8,9. W- 40. Ship and Cargo to 
 and from Acapulco, O. 243 to’ 7: : 
 
 Limbs, people of good,W. 1 10.0.7.170. 478. ftrong and large, _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (and thin bodies) 537. fee Feet, Heads, Legs. See Shape, Stature, ¢ 
 Lime or Plaiftering on Walls, where, O.14e. made, 1b. 398 
 other ufe of it, ib. a 
 
 Lime, chew’d, O. 318, 9. S. 54, 5. fee Arek, Betle, Chinam. ~ 
 
 Lime-tree and fruit, C. 94. $.23.d. 24. 43.124. de 8h. | 
 O, 258. 291, 6. hedges of it, ib. Lime-juice, 25. 313. 
 
 Limpits, 2. and where, O. 64.176. 393 
 
 Linchanche, T. and Look-out, C. 14- 
 
 Lines for Fifhing, fee Hooks. 
 
 The Line, fee Equator. 
 
 Lions, where, W. 109. 
 
 Sea-Lions, @. and where, O. 90, I. $47: 
 
 Lion-Lizard, d. C. 50. 
 
 Lips, full and thick, where, O. 32. $37. thin and red, 324.5 
 128. how died fo, O. 319. well proportion’d and graceful, S. jo . 
 with Tortoife-fhell hanging in them, O, 32. made fcabby by 
 Tee ase affected by Poifon, O. 398. e 
 Lizards, where, O. 320. 392.5. 127. 181.C. §0, 9- Lion-Liz, 
 d. 50. 5 
 . Loango, Coaft and City, W. 55. Courfe to oa from it,id. §6,7> 
 Current, 109. its Hippopotamus, d.C. 104, §, 6 
 : Lobos de la Mar, d.Q. 96,7. its Provifion, ib. 146. 1896 : 
 
 ¥. Lobos de la Terra, O. 96. i 145, 6. its Birds and Eggs, 159 
 Locutts, d. and where, and how eaten, O. 430. dS. 26575 300 
 The Log forwarded or retarded by Currents, O. 290. | 
 Logwood, how it grows, C. 56,7. and where,10.47. ioe hs 
 
 t 
 
Se Pe a ee ee eee a 
 
 , 
 a 
 ‘< 
 4 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 4 | Coals, §7. Tree like it, where, 58. fee Blood- wood, Cam- wood; 
 
 Sappan-wood. Its Trade and Rates, VV. 40. C. 17,8.46,7. 82,3,7. 
 8,9. 80, 1,2. ( profitable to England ) 131. Logwood-Cutters, 
 where and who, way of Living, VVorking, Trade, &c. O. Intr. 
 I. 449- 450. C. 10,2,7,8. 41.3, 5 to8. $1 tog. 65, 80 to 3, 5 
 to9.91, §, 6. 128, 9, 
 
 Loggerhead Key, in Campeachy, €.10. 
 
 Capt. Longs Shipwreck, C. 27, 8. | 
 
 Longitudes, computed, O. 28.256. 285,6,8, 472. amifs, 288,09. 
 290. 377. 
 
 Look-outs, or VVatch kept, where, O. 28. 63. 149 10, 4. 
 c. 13545 5- 
 
 C. Lopez de Gonfalvo, wet, VV. 80,1. VVinds, 16. 51,3. fith,54. 
 
 Port of Martin Lopez, O. 125. 
 
 C. St. Lorenzo, (St. Laurence,)O. 7. 135. d. (mifcail’d in Maps) 
 193. its Current, VV. 107. no Land-Breezes, 33. _ 
 _ C. St. Lucas in California, O. 245.272, 5. fee California. 
 
 I. Sanéta Lucia, ravag’d by the Caribbe- Indians, C. 4. 5.0. 485. 
 
 Luconia, 1. Spanifh Trade, &c. d. O. 307. 383, 4, 7. Profpect, 
 385. VVinds, 383, 9. Gold, 387. Iron, 431. Indians, 383, 4, 7+ 
 fee Acapulco-Ship, Manilla, Pangafanam. IflandsN. of it, 442. 
 
 M. 
 
 A Acao in China, free Port,Government,&c. d.0.418.S,107. 
 Macaffer in Celebes, d. OQ. 447. Slave-Trade, 456. Bug- 
 gaffes, S. 108. : a 
 
 Macaw tree and berry, where, O. 2@. G, 109. 
 
 Maccaw Bird, where,S. 128. 
 
 Macheats or Long-knives, where valued, O.. 13. C. 41. 1196 
 
 Spanifh Mackril, d. C. 71,2. 
 
 Madagafcar 1.-( St. Laurenee ) its Land-Tortoife, O. 102. quar* 
 relling Negro’s, and fale of them, 501. Shipwrecks, $11. W. 109s 
 Winds, 19. Sucking-fifh, 34. usd for catching other fifh, 110. 
 
 Maderafs, itsfine Profpe&,S. 179. fee F. St. George. 
 
 Magellan kill'd at Luconia, O. 307. 
 
 Str. of Magellan, O. 80, 4. Seals there, 90." 
 
 Maggots in Fruit, O. 123. 
 
 Maguella Valley, d. O. 251. ; 
 
 Maho tree and bark, Cordage of it,O. 37. and Cloth, W. 1ro« 
 
 Mahometanifm, where and how, 0.325. 331, 8.454.490. S. 4. 
 128. 137, 8. 180, 1. W. 55. fee Circumcifion, Hogs, Mofque, 
 Prayers, Ramdam, Sabbath, Wafhings. : 
 
 Le Mair’s Streights, d.O. 81, 2. 
 
 Maiz or Indian-Corn, where, O, 12,9. 48. §9. 122, 3. 141, 
 151, 9 167. 176s 240, 4. 259.260, 5,6, 8,9. 270, 1, 9 281, 2. 
 G: 113, 9128. none, O. 426,433. the Grain of the W. saps 
 
 F Os. es au 
 
 
 
te bei nai ri a ta Nee at Le ie Se . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 ~ and fupport of Birds there, 426. where a Commodity,134. C 
 and Drink of it, d. C. 43. 113, 4. 
 Malabar, Famines there, and felling Children, $.37,8. so. be 
 Pepper, 182. its Storms, W. 48.74. Weather, 83. Os 
 Malabrize, O. 20%. ae 
 Malacca, Streights, 2 great Thorough-fair, O. 394. 40 ¢ 
 S. 3. 4. dangerous for Iflandsand Sholes, O. 439. S. 4. 5. 108,9, — 
 170, 1. its Winds,O. 351. W.20, 1. Tides, 99. Dutch Guard. 
 Ships there, $.163, 4, 5. 173, 4.Cat-fifh, 171.0.149.fee P. Avil, 
 Brewers Streights, P. Dinding, P. Nuttee, P. Oro, Sincaporé 
 ‘Streights, P. Timaon, P. Verero. See Sumatra, and 
 ' Malacca Coaft and Prom. S. 4. low, 158,9. 170,1.its fruits,&e, 
 163.181, 2. ufe of Oil, 0.537. fee Fibore, P. Parfalore, Queda, 
 and . 
 Malacca Town, touch’d at, S. 4. 158. 163, 4. Harbour,168,170, 
 Tides, W. 99. Pilots, S..4. Forts, change of Mafters, Markets, 
 Trade, &c. d. 111, 5.159 to 168.174. O. 460. Sloops, d. $.5. 
 110, 1. fee Dutch, its Tongue, 0.394. fee ae 
 Malayan Language, how aed where fpoken, O. 330. (the Lin 
 gua Franca of the Katt) 394,5- 444.484. 513,4, 5. S. 128.132 
 171. a {mooth Tongue, 59. where learnt for Trade,&c. 0.395,8 
 $13, 5. not, $.59. where the Vulgar Tongue, 0.394. 454.513, 
 S. 128. 181, the Bafhean unlike it, O. 431.and Nicobarian,4] 
 yet.a few words of it, 25. 482. fee 
 Malayans (of Malacca, Sumatra,&c.) their Veffels full of men, 
 O. 401,2. their Arms, got. §. 176.184. fight not in the Rain,17& _ 
 _ bold and defperate, O-400,1. $.108. 114. 165.171, 3,5,6,7: 18 
 haughty, 128. Treacherous, 113.181. ©. 402. Frayswith them, — 
 400, I. §18,¢. S. 110 to 11. 175, 6, 184. their Raja’s abusd,h 
 love Trade, 117.165, 6,7. civilizd by it, but aw'd by the Dutch, 
 115, 7,8. 163, 4,5- 173 4, $181. fee Dutch, Indians. Theit 
 Employments, 181, 2. love Opium,i66. and Cock-fighting,184._ 
 have Houfes on Pojts, 180. fee Houfes, Floors. 
 Maldive Iles, Coco-Cordage there, O. 294, ¢. ‘ 
 Mammee-tree and fruit; d. and where, O, 187, 8. tor. 110. 
 187. 202. S | 
 VVild Mammee,d. O. 202. 
 Mammee-fappota, d. and where, O. 203, 4. ‘= 
 Man of WVar, Bird, d. and where, O. 49. 132.473.C. 23,4. 
 (their Policy) 5, 6. 45. 69. 109. . 3 
 Man of VVar Lagune, in €ampeachy, C. 92, 3,4. 101. ' 
 Manatee, d. and where, O. 2.9. d- 33, 4, 5,(how taken) 6,7 
 4. (fmall) 381. (thy) 463,9.$47. C. 73. 109.128. thongs of 
 the skin, 35- quick of hearing,37. but not of fight.4sq. Manatee 
 grafs, d. 34.C. 109. a fmalléer frefh-water Manatee, d. ib. the 
 Mindanatan lefs than the VY. Indian, O. 321. fee Moskito’s. 
 Manchineel,tree and fruit poifonous, ds and where, O. 39. 40 
 
 CG. 32, 3. Mandarin 
 
General Index; 
 
 Mandarins or Nobility of Tonquin, their Power, State, Mari- 
 mers, &c. S.16. 29.42. 50,1,2. ( 91, 2.) 58 69,76. 80. Ené 
 nuchs, 81,2,3,4,5-96-Of Achin,fee Oromkey’'s. 
 
 Mangera\. and T.d. O.122, 5. 
 
 Mangaftan tree and fruit, d. and where, S. 124, 5. 181. 
 
 Mango tree and fruit, d. and where, O. 391, 2. S. 23. 124, 
 163. 181. Mango-Achar or Pickle, O. 303, 391 
 
 Mango-volucre, Bird, where and what, O. 531. ‘ 
 
 Mangrove trees and their kinds, (white, black, red.) and Man- 
 grove-land, d. and where, O. 52. d. §4, 5. 112.119. 150, 1, 5,6. 
 194. 217. 221. 264. $.124. C.11,2,4,6,7,8. 30,152. 49. §1, 2, 
 3,6. 94. 107. 118. W.35- 93,5. Oyfters growing to their Roots; 
 C. 17. 
 
 ManillaT. Harbour, Shipping there, and Trade, d. O. 245, 6. 
 331, 2,3- 383,7,8. (P. Condore, a good Stage to it, fee Guam) 
 394. 405,6. C. 121,2,5« fee Acapulco Ship. Profpec of the 
 ‘Coaft, Manilla threatned by the Chine/e,0.331.their Factors there 
 _ and Gaming, 410. an Irifp man fettled there, 388. fee Spaniards. 
 
 Manilla: Tobacco, fee Tobacco. 
 
 Manners of People, Moral Qualities,8zc. what and where,— 
 Good, Brisk and Couragious, O. 8. 44. 400. §&. 50. Patient, 
 O. 432, 3. C. 116. Obedient,ib. $.42. 0.454. Quiet and Peace- 
 able, and Chearful,&c. 433. (faid to be, 477. not, S. 95.) 
 C. 115, 6. Juft and true, O. 433, 5. (faid to be 477. not, S. 95.) 
 S. 166. fee Juftice, Punifhment. Contented in Poverty, C. 116. 
 O. 123. begging modeftly, 433. Cleanly, neatand tight, ib. 454. 
 * Laborious and Diligent, S.41,2. 174-181. Good-Naturd, 128. 
 Affable, Courteous and Civil, 0. 297. 395.434, 5- 486. 490. Ss _ 
 so. 181. Hofpitable, Civil to Strangers, and eafily acquainted 
 with them, O. 12. 19+ 20, 1. 78.326, 7, 8. 400. 433, to 9.482,6. 
 490, S. 84.128. W. 112. Natural Affection, O. 250. 432.——~+ 
 Bad,——Lazy and Idle, Proud and Haughty, Ambitious, Info- 
 lent, O. 326. S. 30.128. 138, W. §5. 110. fullen or ftubborn, 
 O. 8. 44. Implacable and Cruel, 326.S. 83. W. 108. Revenge- 
 ful, O. 8.326. 358. 374. (fee Poifoning) S.181. Sly and Trea- 
 cherous, ib. O. 38. 362, 4. 370. (fee R. Laut) 4o1, 2. Oppref-, 
 ’ five, $. 8s. falfe and perverfe,faid to be, 95. contrary to 0.477. 
 Thievifh, ib. S. 50. 128, 138, 9. O- 76. 318. 326. 356. Over- 
 reaching, 365, 9. 370. VVheedling and Diffembling, 358, 9. 
 362,7- Begging, 327, 8.365, 9+ 370. (but modeftly) 433. Low- 
 fpirited, $- 42. Gaming, ib. fee Gaming. Nafty in Dict, fee 
 Cookery 3 in Habit, O. 537; 8,9. Drinking hard, 10. 369. 433. 
 VVanton and Pimps, S. 85. Proftituting of VVomen,fec VVomen. 
 Unnatural, fee Parents, Children, VVives. —-Mixt——Melan- 
 choly aod thoughtful, O. 127. C. 116. Injurious, O.9. 11. 46,7, 
 8,9. fubtle,$. 60. 138, 9. in awe of Princes. feverity, O. 326. 
 Fierce, bold and Savage, O. 38.41. 167. gor, 2+ lefs than re- 
 
 : Uy. ( cy ported, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a general Converfation with their Women, 327, 8. 367, 8. 
 jealous, 367. 374. loving to be vifited, S. 84. living in Common, 
 O. 465.-from hand to mouth, 26. 326. ignorant of working, 468. 
 Natural Qualities, fee Qualifications. . a 
 Manta,d. O. 135. touch’d atby Panama Ships, ib. 
 Manufattures, fee Callico’s, Cloth, Earthen-ware,Lacker-ware, 
 Fans, Leather, Moloffo’s, Muflins, Palmeto-works, Pitch, Salt, 
 Silks, Soap, Stockings, Sugar, VVine. See Commodities. 
 Maracaybo,Gulph, its Breezes. VV- 3. VVeather, 82, 3. The Gal- 
 leons and Barlaventa-Fleet touch there, O.185.C. 126. 
 Marble Rocks, where, S. 19. 20. ! 
 Margarita, I. its Currents, VV. 102. Pearl-Oyfters, O. 173. 
 The Armada and Barlaventa-Fleet touch there, 185.C.126. 
 
 Maria’s Iles d. O. 274, 5, 6. ge 
 
 Maria \. of the Ladrones, fee Guam fi 
 Sana Maria R. T. and Gold Mines, d. O. 158,9.175. 1934560 
 taken by Privateers, Jnir. III. quitted to them, 191, 5. Be 
 ' V.Mary’s Image,a celebrated one,O.42.0ne taken 99.feeSaints, 
 Marks and Makisgs of Land off at Sea, O. 42.59. 77. 82. 94)5+ 
 III, 28,9. 120,2. 131,36. 147-172) 4+ 216. 225. 230,1,2,3)95 
 242, 4, 8.29525 $5637» 261525 335s 7+ 2753 9» 291+ 309+ 3798 
 3825 4,5,9+ 390. 416. 4475 B+ 45459-46015 30,1+ Sigs 10, fr 12Te 
 158, 9+ 179: 180. C. 16. VV. 56.85. ee 
 Markets and Provifion, whatand where, S. 30. 129.136,162;3 
 Marmalade,a Commodity, where, O. 44. 99. 174. ‘ae 
 Port Marquis, d-O.247- oa 
 Marriages, early, C. 114, § Feafts, O. 334. VV. 111, 2. 
 Sania Martha, and its High-land, d.O. 42. low Coafts tothe 
 E.and VV. 424. Rains, 44. Breezes and Courfe, VV. 40. Stock 
 fifh wood, C. 58. the Galleons and Barlaventa-Fleet touch theré, 
 126. 0.185. iy. 
 St. Martin's High-land, d..C. 16. 42. 123. Breezes, VV. 34:43¢ 
 Bon Mafcarin's 1. or Englifh Forreft, its Land-Tortoife, 0.102 
 Masking us’d in Churches, where, O. 127- C. ¥15- 
 
 Maffaclan, d. O. 265+ a 
 Matts of Ships, O. 394. 412)3+S, 64. 171, 2. fee TimberyTee 
 ie 
 
 bs 
 7 
 
 Mathematicks, learnt, where, S. 60. a 
 Matique Gulph, O. 225, 7. . 
 Maws of Goats eaten; how and where, O. 429, 430 
 Maxentelbo, Rock, d. O. 267- rte 
 Mayol. of the C.Verd’s, d.and its Governour trepand, 
 _-Meangis Mles, O. 347. Commodities, 350 $125 35 4+ th 
 habitants, their Painting, Ornaments, Food, &c- 514) 5. °/" 
 fee Feoly. Blige ~ Mechaniet 
 
General Tndex. 
 
 Mechanicks, $. 41. 60. 130, 6.181- fee Artificers. 
 
 Melinde Bay, Calms there, VV. 20. 
 
 Melons, where, O. 222. $.23. Musk-Melons, 124. O. 302. 311. 
 VVater-Melons, 134. 302.311. 418.420, S. 124. 163. 
 
 Melory tree, fruit, and Bread, O. 478. 480,8,9. 490. 
 
 Men, fee Bodies, Cuftoms, Government, Manners,Orsaments, 
 Religion, VVomen. pe) 
 
 Merchants at Tonquin, S.39. $1. 65. Achin, 122, 3.134, §. Ma- 
 lacca, 162, 4. Free, who fo call'd,O. 317. S. 135, 6. 
 
 Merga in Siam,a Maflacre of the Englifh thete, S. 151. 
 
 Merida in Fucatan, d.C. 14. 113. 
 
 Mefchafipi R. Breezes near it, VV. 34. 
 
 Mefs, a Gold Coin, what and where, O. go4. S. 132. 
 
 Mexico Kingdom, and VV. Coaft of it, where low, O. 425. its 
 Trade-winds, VV, 12. 25. Breezes, 38. VVeather, 83. Currents, 
 108. {mall Green Turtle, O. 107. Oyfters, 177. fifhing, 243. little 
 Shipping or Trade at Sea, 243, 4: 251..267- moft within Land, 
 and by Land-Carriage, 260,1. 277.Silyer, 269. People thinat the 
 Coaft, and poor, 250, 1, 5, 7,8. 261. fee Indians VV. Rich and 
 pleafant parts of it, fee Colima, Guatimala, Valderas. For other 
 places, d. fee the Map, O. 24. and 
 
 New Mexico, mutinous Indians, and rich Mines conceal’d, O. 
 272, 3. C. 94. Spanifh Trade, how far, O.225. fee the Map, 24, 
 
 Mexico, Bay, and its Coaft, Trade- winds, VV.15. Breezes,34.40. 
 Storms, d. 60 to §. Currents, 108. Oyfter-bank near it, C. 28. 
 its Main Port, 128. Courfe of its Plate and Barlaventa-Fleet, ib. 
 O. 180. fee Alvarado, La Vera Cruz, Guaxaca, Haniago, Mefcha- 
 (ipi, Panuk, Sacrificios, Tompeque. See Campeachy, Fucatan, Florida. 
 its Indians no great Friends to the Spaniards, C. 122. 
 
 Mexico City, Paflengers and Ports to it, O. 185. 244, 5. 255. 
 Salted Shrimps a Commodity there, C. 127, 8. 
 
 Mice, where, C. 63. 
 
 St. Michaels, Gulph, O. 5. d- 193. VVeather, VY. 83. Tides, 
 
 35 5° ' 
 d St. Michaels Mount, and T.d. O. 122, 3. 
 
 Milk four (Tire) for Fluxes, S. 148. (of Almonds, 7d. )drank 
 ordinarily, where, VV. 111. 
 
 Mindanagpd. Coafts, Towns, Rivers, Harbours,Soil,&c. O.209. 
 310. 346, 7,8, 9. 357,8. 362,7. 9.378, 9.384. VVeather and 
 VVinds, 324, 2, 3. 346, 7, 8+ 353, 4, 7: 360. 370. VV. 39. Floods, 
 O. 360. City, R.and Houfes on Pofts, &c. 328, 9. 330. 346,8,9. 
 3575 8. 360, 2, 5-479. S. 180. Plenty, O. 305. Vegetables 310,1. 
 315, 6. 320.347, 8. $11. Animals, 33. 320, 1. 346,7, 8. 358. 
 364, 5, 8,9.378, 9. 381-515. Ship-worms, 362, 3. Arts, Manu- 
 factures and Utenfils, 315. 327. 331, 2..360. §1§. S. 131. 181. 
 Shipping and Trade, O. 325. 332 to 6. 354, 6. 360, 3. feeminp-_ 
 
 . ly defir'd with the Englifh, 349. 359. Spaniards hated, Dutch 
 © 2°] fear d, ' 
 

 
 General Index. 
 
 fear’d, ib. 331. once had a Commerce with Manilla Spaniards, 
 305. fubject to them, 331. Advantage of fettling at Min- 
 danao, and way thither, 349.350, 1,2. Opportunity the A. had 
 for it, 316, 7. 331.349. 350.2, 3- Mindanaians (fee Alforees, 
 Hilanoans, Sologues) and Mindanaians peculiarly fo call‘, d. their 
 Perfons, Cloaths, Qualities, &zc. 324 to8. 334 to 8. 340,1,2,6,8 
 356 t09. 361,2,4t09. 370,4,8.S.129. Eating and Enter- 
 tainments, O. 311, 9. 329. 355 to 9. 365, 8, 9. what Betle 
 beft liked, S. 24. Marriagesand Difeafes, O. 334. Weapons and _ 
 way of Fighting, 337, 8, 9. Sports, Ornaments, Mufick and 
 Dancing Women, 7b. to 342.361. Comrades and Pagallies,327, 
 8. 358, 9. 364, S373. Wives and Concubines, 328. 334 to8, 
 366,7, 8. 374. Languages and Learning, 327. 330, I+ 431. 
 Religion, Mofques, 338. Circumcifion, yc. 337, 9+ 340s I, 25 3 
 369370. Ramdam, 343. 359.361. Wafhings and Hogs hated, 
 330. 343,4. fome Baptiz’d, 516. Government and Sultay, @. 
 his Perfon, Qualities, &c. 326. 331, 4, 5. Wives and Children, 
 325-335, 6.341, 2, 9. 353. Brother, fee R. Laut. Wars, 325. 
 337. 444. State, S.143. Prefents, gc. O.354, 5, 7- Punilh 
 ments, 356, 7. 367. Englifh Letters at Mindanao, 349. 355, % — 
 370. Seamen revelling, 373. Sce Comrade and Pagally. See 
 Chambongo. Iflands near, 331. 346. 443- See Meangis. 
 Mindora 1.0. 307. d. 382. Streights, 384. 
 
 Mines, See Silver, Gold,. Bullawan ; where none, C. 122. 
 Mithiaw of Plantains, what and where, O. 314. 
 
 Miifionaries and Miffions in the E. Indies, O.477- S. 93 to’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~- 
 
 ho Qe : ‘ ; : 
 Mifts and -Fogs, where, O. 94, 5» W- 50, I. where nO 
 Rain, 78. : 
 Miftakes or Errours, Geographical, &c.as to Point Garachina, 
 andC. St. Lerenzo, 0.193. the breadth of the Oceans and great 
 Continents, 288, 9.290. Sun’s Declination, 377, 8. Mindanad — 
 City and Harbour, 309. 310. N. Holland Coaft and Shole near it, — 
 461, 2. Gallapago's, 100. W. $7.96. Ifthmus of America, 93) 45 
 s. Tides in the South Sea, ib. Trade-Winds, 15. Cold Land 
 Breezes, 42. Omiffions in $ea-charts, O. 382. 443. Defetts, 
 416. 444. 454..As tothe Clove Countries, 447. Feoly, 517 Dir 
 Quefne's Fight, 522. Cold at the Cape of good Hope and S. Wind, 
 2 9. Manatee. at St. Hellena, 547.-Canibals, 484, 5, 6. Mangaftan, 
 3. 125. Malayan at Tonquin, 59. in confounding Alligator and 
 Crocodile, C. 74, 5,6. Mountain-Cow and Hippopotamus, 102 
 to7. Arek and Betle, S. 54. as to Cedars never being Worm 
 eaten, O. 29. the Acapulco-Trade, O.. 246. ~~ 
 _ Mogul, Erglifh{erve him, O. 507, 9: War with him, §.146,7,% 
 Mole to keep off Flecds, d. and where, S. 49. ee 
 Molinbo, Cabenbo, &c. Negro’s dance at N. and F. Moon, W- 54 
 Moloffo’s, where, O. 186. a 
 Monafterys 
 
General Index. 
 
 Monaftery, Spanifb, where, O. 42. of Nuns, 124. . 
 
 Money brought from Fapan, 8.15. of Achin, 132. Trade hin- 
 dred through want of it, 41, 2.51. where none, W. 111. Cacao 
 goes inficad of it, O. 62. G, 120. Money-Changers, Women,S.60. 
 130, 1. 142. fee Coin, pieces of Eight. 
 
 Monkeys, eaten and where found, O. 14.20,1.39. (black and 
 little) 172, 3.212. 320. S.124. (d.and their tricks) C. $9. 60. 
 
 Monmouth Id. O. 385+ 4225 556, 8; 9. 436. 
 
 Montoons, fee among Winds. 
 
 Moon, influencing Tides,where,W-90,7,8. Currents, 100,3,6,7+ 
 not, 51,2. Trade-winds, 18, 9. Storms, 60. 72. S. 36. Lunar 
 year, $3. Ecclipfe, 147. Dancing at N. and Full,0.541.W.55.111. 
 
 Halfmoon Proes, d. and where, S. s. 
 
 Moors, who in E. India,O.507,8,9. S. 146. 158. 162. 
 
 Moro de Porcos, d.O. 2116 
 
 Moroon d where and when men faid to be, C. 84. 
 
 Villa de Mof?, taken,C. 109. 1b, d. and Trade, Ilo, 1, 9. 
 
 Moskito (Mofquito) Indians, their Qualifications, Country, 
 Habit of Body, way of Living, Ingeny, dc. d.O.7.8.9. 10,1. 
 85. Dextrous ftriking of Fifh, and management of Canoas,1.2. 
 3556, 7. 160.234. 277+ 453-C. 13. 109. Hift. of one left at 7. 
 Fernando's, 0.84, 5,6. love Englifh and Englifh Names, 86, 7. 
 breed up I. Gret,181. 
 
 ' . Moskito’s or Gnats, where, O. 356, 7. C. 80, 120. ———= Cove, 
 W. 68. 
 
 Mofgues, where, O. 338.5. 129. d. 130, 7. 
 
 Mofs, Turtle feeding on it, O, 104. long on Trees, 132. 
 
 Mould, fee Soil. 
 
 Mountains interrupt the Atmofphere, W. 78, 9. gather Clouds 
 and Rain. 83, 4,5, 6. Burnittig, fee Volcans. Yielding Gold, fee 
 Bullawan, Gold. Mountains what and where, O. 22. 42. 59. 94, 
 §. 118, 9. 131, 6.153-162. 174. 216. 224. 231, 9- 242. 251, 
 26.2623 10.347.378.380, 25 445) 7: 4425 7-460 $31, 3. 545, 6. 
 S. 11, 9+ 20, 2.464.121, 3- 133-C.7. 8. 32,8. fol, 8.111, 9,123, 
 W.78. 83, (4,5. See ; : 
 
 Blew Mountain, and Monte Diabolo, in Famaica, C. 8. and 
 
 The Mount in Fucatan, d.C. 10,1, 6.22. and — 
 
 C. Mount or Miferada in Guinea, its Winds, W. 14, 5. 5. 
 
 Mountain- Cow, fee Ante. 
 
 Mountferat, 1.Storm there, W. 70. ae 
 - Mouths, people of large and wide, O.325, 464. middle fiz’d, 
 
 427. little, 395. (yet pretty full) C. 115. 
 _. Mozambique, Ambergriefe, 0.74. Trade, W. 108. 
 Mud-fith, where, $. 128. 
 Muger-K ey, or Womens I. C. 8. 9. 
 Mullatto’s andMoftefos,who & where, O.186,249.250,1.C.122. 
 Mulberry tree and fruit, what, where, and how usd, 5.23, 4. 
 ts Ee Agi Mules, 
 
General Index. 
 Mulessevhere,O, 99.249. 250. 277. Cs 1226 / 
 Mullets, where, O. 321. $.128. C, 71. 
 Munjack, Pitch, d. where, and its ufe, C. 130. 
 Mufcles, where, O, 1§3.173:4, 7. 393+ (fcarce) 465. q 
 Mufick, where us’d, W.111, fee Bells, Drums, Gongs, Haut. 
 boys, Pipes, Strumftrums. That of the W. Indians doleful, 0.127. _ 
 Musk, where a Commodity, S. 61. whence and how got, 64 
 Musk-kernels, Musky flefh and Eggs of the Alligator,C.75 .0.256. 
 Mullins, a Commodity, where, O. 137. 245. fee Cloth. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 N. 
 
 Ni’ of the left Thumb kept long, where, O. 326. a. 
 N Naked, People going fo, all but a Cloath about the mid: 
 die, a Safh, or fhort Petticoat, O. 11. 31, 2. 40. 427. 479. 516. . 
 or Thong with Grafs or Leaves, 464, 5. of Apron of Silk-grafs 
 Cloath, W. rio. i 
 Sit 1, Narborough mifinformed, in what, O. 246. 
 Naffau 1. d. and anI. of Coco-trees near it, O. 475. 
 Nata, d. O..176. 211. 
 Natal VVinds, VV. 19. Tides, 99. R. and Country, Produd 
 Negros, &c..d. 108, ¢yc. R. and Hippopotamus, da. C, 10! 
 
 iy 
 
 Ace ; 
 Natural Philofophy learnt, where, S. 60. be 
 Needles, aCommodity, where, C. 119. si. 
 Negros, where and what, O. 175+ 195. 200. §34. fee N. Hoe 
 
 landers, Hottentots, Natal, VVild-bufh Men ; a Bark full of them, 
 -154.taken, 158. advantage might have been made of them, 
 158, 9. Trade for them, C. 90,0.46,7.184. VVars and fale 0 
 one another, 510. Spanifh, arm'd, 64.270. incourag’d in do 
 neering over the Indians, C, 116. Subje& to Leg-worms, 
 Negros Hair and Guinea Negro’s Coal-black, O. 454. Trial by 
 bitter VVaters, S. 83. thofe of Sherbore R. Hofpitable,O. 78. 
 Nellegree Hills in Bengal, S. 145. ss 
 Nets for Fifhing what and where, O. 395. S. 28, 9. 130+ Ie 
 OF T2, 36 * 
 N:vs, la Hurricanethere, VV. 70. 
 New Year, fee Year ; new Moon, fee Moon ; new Holland 
 fee Ajliand. See ae 
 New England Indians, exploit of fome of them,C.13r. 
 Newjound!and,a cold Country, C. 2.its Trade ‘profitable t 
 England , 131. Penguins ,'O. 97. High Coafts and deep 
 wrss, 4 23 3 a 
 Ngean, Prov. of Tonquin, S. 21. lufty Men and good Eat 
 ers, 71. ve 
 Nicaragua, L, Trade by it, aad its VVood, Q. 115. Se 
 Blood-wood, cr a 
 Actas ~Nicobats 
 
vance dee 
 
 
 
 ite bg 
 
 - General Index. 
 
 Nicobar Mfles, d. O. 476. Commodities and different Characters 
 of the Inhabitants, 477. with S. 94, 5. Ambergriefe, True and 
 Counterfeit, O. 72, 3. 477. 481, 2. Canoas, 480, 1. See 
 
 Nicobar 1. properly focall’d, d. O. 477,8. its Fruits, Animals, 
 Plantations, 478, 9. 480. See Melory. The Inhabitants, their 
 Habit , Language, Honfes, way of Life, Difpofition, dc. 
 478, 9.482, 6, 8,9. 490. Proes or Canoa’s,d. 480, 1, 6, 7, 8, 
 9° 492. | ae: 
 
 Night, then moft Rain in the VVet Seafon, VV. 88. Singing 
 and Dancing thenufual, where, O. 127.459.5341. Fires then feen, 
 382. 459. Drum heard, 458. 
 
 Nigril Point in Famaica, C. 38, 9. 
 
 Noddy, Bird, d. O. 53. 
 
 Nombre de Dios,nowa Ruine, O. 58.. 
 
 Fernando de Noronhd’s, 1. d. VV. 36- 
 
 Norths, Storms 5 and North-Banks, Clouds prefaging them, 
 d. VV. 60, 1, 2. 71. 105, 6. Cs 21. Chocolatta-North, 39. d. 
 VV. 60. 
 
 Nerth-Seas, ftore of Seals, O. 90. North-Sea, See At- 
 Lantick. 
 A North-Weft and North-Eaf? Paflages, how to be tried, 
 » 273, 4. 
 
 Notes, where People of fhort and low, O. 32. 325,6. 427. 
 thick, 32. and flat, ib. 326. 537. high or Aquiline, 44. 297.395- 
 407+ large, 407. fmall, 170. 326. mean bignefs and well propor- 
 tioned, 395. 478, §. 40. 128. C, 115. VV. Ito. 
 
 Nuke mum a Pickle, what and where, C. 28. 30. 
 
 Nurfe, Fifth, d-and where, C. 25. 35. | 
 
 Nutmegs, where, O. 316. 447. 513. a Commodity, and Price, 
 S. 1§2.V Vild orBaftard Nutmegs, without {mell or tafte,0.391,2« 
 
 Pulo Nuttee, VVater and Provifions, S. 4. 
 
 oO. 
 
 \y Akam for calking Ships, 0. 295. a 
 Oaks, the only ones feen by the Author, in the Torrid 
 Zone, C, 53... 
 
 Oarrha, ‘d. Ou 255+ / 
 
 Oars, what, where, and how ts'd, 0.429. 490. S 5.13,4. 75. beft 
 Looms or Handles, of what wood, O, 54. 118. 
 
 Oath of Allegiance; where and how taken, S. 82, 3. 
 
 Obfervations taken of the Sun, 0.82. 281. fee Latitudes by Ob. 
 
 Offerings to Idols,flefh, O. 411. burnt fticks, 412. fee Paper. 
 
 Oil, a Commodity, where; O. 142, 3. 196.214. of Coco-nuts, 
 
 how made, 294. where usd ( and Palm-Oil) for anointing the 
 
 Body, $37, 8. Train-Ojl of Seals, where to be had, 90, C. 26,7,8. 
 of Sea-Turtle;O. 1c9. 110.395, (and of Porpuffes) S. 6. 8. {weet 
 Oils usd againft Harmatans, VY.50. | Old 
 
General Index. 
 
 Old VVives, fifh, where, S. 128. 
 
 OletaR. d.O. 267. 
 
 Omba, I. d. and Ifles and Sholes near it,O.459. 
 
 One bufh Key, fee Bufh.  ~ 
 
 Onions, where, S. 23- 127. . 
 
 Opium, a valuable Commodity, where, S. 154. 165, 6. 4 
 Oranges, what and where, O. 258.291. 311. (Cam-chain and 
 Cam-quit) S.235 4+ 45+ 90,2: 124. 163.181. C, 6. 94, : 
 
 Orange I. d. O. 385.421, 2, 9. 4 
 
 Ornament, of Dancing Women, O. 340. Princeffes, 342. of fe- 
 veral people, 32- 326, 7+ 407, 8. 418, 9» 427. 456+ 464. 47% 
 814, 5- $37, 8. S. 40,1. C. 114. W. IIT. 
 
 Pulo Oro, S. 5. 
 
 Oromkeys of Achin, O. §00°S. 141,2, 3. 4. 
 
 Oftridges, fee Eftriges. 
 
 Oteque I..d. O. 2000 
 
 Otta, fee Anatta. 
 
 Oven made in Sand, 0.275. a fence from Fire, S. 45, 6. 
 
 Out-cry of Fifth at Malacca, manner of it, S. 163. 
 
 Outlagers of Boats, what, O. 299. 480. how ferviceable, 487, 
 492,857 fee Proes. 
 
 Oyfters, Oyfter-banks,and Pearl-Oyfters, what and where,0.43. 
 
 , 153+ 1739 45 6,7» S.9. 89. 163. C. 17.28. | 
 
 Pp. 
 
 
 
 S 
 ‘ 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Acheca Y. O.d. 175. 196, 9. 206. ; 
 Pacifick Sea, what properly fo, O. 94. and how made fo, 
 
 W. 78, 9-83. Dews and Mifts tho’ no Rain, 78. O. 94.and great — 
 Waves, ib. healthy Coaft, 153. 
 
 Paddles, how and where usd, O. 299. W. 38, 9. 
 
 Padres, fee Priefts (Spanifh.) 
 
 Pagally, what and where, O. 327, 8. 358. 3645 §-377- 5: $2 
 
 Pageants, O. 340, 1. Pageant Princes, fee Boua, Q of Achin. 
 
 Pagoda’s \dol Temples, what and where, S. 56, 7+ 9051, 2-152) 
 
 Pagoda, Coin, how much, O. 509. . 
 
 Paita, fee Payta. ; 
 
 Painters, where, S. 60. 136.0. 409. Painting the Body, where 
 and how, $14. §37. the Teeth black, S. 41. : Z 
 
 Palaces, d. S. 47,8. 130. fee Houfes. 
 
 Palankin, of the Sultan of Mindanao, O. 341. 
 
 Palimbam in Sumatra, its Pepper-Trade, O. 401. 
 
 Pallacat in Coromandel, O. 522. why deferted, W. 74: ak 
 
 Palm-Tree, and Dwarf-Palm or Palme toRoyal, a: 0.248.318 
 and thatch, 328. d.S.46,7. C. 79. 115. - 
 
 Palmewine, O. 78. whence, 248. p 
 
 Paltn-OiJ, where ufed for anointing the Body, 0,$37- rail 
 
 f alma 
 

 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Palma-Maria, d. and where, O. 212, 3. 4 
 
 Palméto, and works and Thatch of it, ¢.and where, O.150,14 
 300. 328. 335, 412.479. S.46, 7. C. 11. 49.79. 114, 6.127. 
 
 C.Palmas, Coaft and Winds, W.16.38.50,1. Weather,80. 
 
 R. Palmas,C.120. . te 
 
 Palo de Campeche, Logwood, why fo call’d, C. 47. ; 
 
 Panama Bay, its Coaft, O. 186. low, 34. 425. Bounds 164, 
 Rivers, 178. Ship-worms, 353, Rains, Air, &c. 186. W. 82. 
 Winds, 17, 9. 34, 5-.40- 0.186. Tides, W. 95, 6. IMands, 95. d. 
 O..1745'5+ 193) 9- 200, 2, 6.211. fee the Map, O. 1. 
 
 Panama City, d. O. 178,9, 186. its firength, 205. whence its 
 provifion, 176. its Commerce with Portobel, 179.184, ¢. Cour{ 
 towards Lima; 4. (35.167. and from Lima thither, 200, 1. om 
 Panama burnt,178. 
 
 Panay, a Spanifh Lunfrequented, O. 382. Fires in the night, ib» 
 
 Pangafanam (Pongaffinay) of Luconia, d.O. 383. 
 
 -Pangafinam in Sumatra, its Pepper, S. 182. 
 
 -Pan-tile,. fee Roofs. 
 
 Panuk, R.,and City, ¢. C. 127- 
 
 Paper what and where made, S.60, 1. burnt in Sicrifice to 
 Idols,58,9.0.395- ig ’ 
 
 Parades in Spanifh Towns, O. 219.269. 387.C. 46. 
 - Parakites, where, O. 321. 392. 426. 498.°S. 26. 128, 184, 
 
 » 65. > 
 
 Parents, play away Children, where, S. 42. fell them, 
 37, 8, 9- so. their Daughters to Husbands, ib. fee Chil- 
 dren. ee 
 
 Pulo Parfelor, d.S..158, 9+ 
 
 Parracota, Fith, d. (fometimes poifonous) C..71, 2. 
 
 ;Parrots,; where and, what, O. 39. 321. 392.8. 26. 128. 
 x84. C. 65,118. (a fine fort, d.) 128, 9. 
 
 Partriges, where, S. 26... 
 
 C. Paffzo, d. O. 162. No L. Breezes, W.33. its Currents,107: 
 
 Paffage-Fort in .Famaica, Salt-Earth,, C. 18. Breezes, We 
 
 at 
 
 Gi, ik cody ieee taping 
 : : Pafjages North-Weft ind North Eaft, how to be attemp‘ed, 
 O, 273, 4- ce 
 1 Raffange-Fonca, ©. 499-590, 1, 2S, 148+ 13354. 
 )PaftlaR.fee Goolecan. 
 
 . 9Raftures, where, 0..218.,231-8.14. 21. fee Savannahs, 
 Patagonia, aStage to, Eaft India. Arrow-heads of Flint, O. 
 o'BS, G08 to Bost 
 us) he Bay,great Calms there, W.20. 
 
 Pattache,, a Spanifb Galleon, its Courfe, 0.185. 
 Pavillions to fleep ins a Commodity, €. 41. neceffary, 80. 
 Paving of Streets, $.47. fee Floors. 
 St. Paal’s I,O, 175) 2066. ; ve 
 nT A ee . Paunches 
 
 OL: 
 . Wy =<, 
 
General Index. : 
 
 Paunches of Goats, how dreffed and eaten, 0.4 ag G30 | 
 Pea’s where growing, O. 832. - 
 Peacock,a Bird like it, where and what, W. ‘109. 
 Pears, where growing, O. 532. * 
 Pearl, Pearl-Oyfters and Fifhery, where ‘and what, 0. 43 
 
 i? 4, 5» 244. 264. S, 8. 89. Mother of Pearl, where oe a 
 
 4 
 
 Peal iflands by Tongiin, S.1i, 
 
 Pearl-Iflands in the W. Indies, feé Corn- “lands. E 4 
 _. Pearl. Iflands, or Kings-Iflands by Panama, O. 171. d. 175, 6 
 7,8. W.98. fee the Map, O. I. 
 
 Santa Pecaqgue, fee Centiquipaques 
 
 Péecary, where, O.'9. 12, 8. 39.169. C.\69.96. 
 
 Pecul, how much, S.132. . ; 
 
 Pedro Point in Jamaica, hard to double , Ww. 320 or 
 rents, 1Or. y 
 
 Pegu, its Achat’, O.°391. VVouieri Proftituted ° iets 208. 
 Shipwrack’d Men kept there, S. 8. its Jars, 98. low Coaft, ih 
 Pagoda and Image, and Commodities Imported, 151,°2. e: 
 
 Pelicans, d. and'where, C. 69.70, 1.'$.26, ul 
 
 Penguin, Bird, d. and where, O. 97. 146. (Eggs) - £593: 
 é Penguin Fruit, yellow and red, ad. sand where 0. 26 : 
 
 ' 94. it? 
 ntare,\. d..and Smoaks and Ree tae on it, O. Ree: 
 
 '. @People all lefs Savage than aaa tobe, 0. 4845 3,6. County 
 try populous ard poor, S.’40, “T.'fee Poor , ater Or 
 fioms, dc a 
 
 Pepper, where growing, and Trade; $8.68) 916, 1, les at , 
 6,7. 127. 188, 164, 6. 178, 180,74. @. 182, 4.Op 406. heats 
 Water in Ships holds , 825. Meat’ feafoned> with it; S.! ‘129 
 Guinea or Cod-pepper , Sawce, d.’ 0. 1296. ico Fithe pices 
 C. 124. Indian-pepper where, O. PS ME 2 
 
 Periago'’s, fee Canoa’s, > RETO \ : 
 
 Perica 1. Road for Panama Wipdidere® 184. a. 186: 
 
 Perewinkles, Shell-fifh, where, O. 174. fcarce, 465. 
 
 Perfia, Winds, W. 20. hot, 482". 304, 5. {ciivost dl 
 174. 
 
 Peru, Coaft, Soil, Winds and Weather, 0. 94, Bee 140, I, 
 W. 12, 3, 4. 33, 8.78, 9. 83. Tides, $6) Currents, iro7y Rivers: 
 not perennial, 7,9. Bo. s. 38, 0.95, 6. "how far dry,.°and whet 
 theit Timber, 145. Cacao ard Woollen whence, 1320. in 
 Commodities wherice, 245. its Silver, fee Rieces of Eight, Pot 
 fi. Buildings, fee Churches, Houkes, de “Réck-fifh, 91. fee And 
 Chili, P acifick Séa; Gillapago's Wee. “For particular Places, {ee 
 the Globe Map, O. Title; and the’ wes o. 2g! evolved Se 
 
 Petaplan Hill, d Qe f48y Jt fo sniv ed ; 
 
 » Ste Peter St. Paul R. d. C.94. Jory , a 1.01 lin’ i Be 
 eh 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 e General Index. 
 
 Petit Guavre, fee Guavre, WE 
 
 Petticoat an acceptable prefent toan Indian, O. 13.0f feveral 
 Nations, d..327,437- 479.C.11g. 
 
 Petties, Bantam Coin, S. 132. 
 
 Peuns, who and where, O. 507,82. 
 
 Philippine iflands, d. O. 306, 7, 8. Spanifh Ifles, ibs and Trade 
 there, 185. (fee Acapulco-Ship, Manilla,) how managed, 244, 5, 
 6. Smuggling, 307. Gold there, ib. 308. 350,1, how named, 
 431-513. Malayan learnt there, 395. People anoint themfelves, 
 537-Courfe thence, W.25. Anonymous J. by Sebo, and its 
 Canes, d. 379. 380. other Ifles, 382, 4. fee Bafbee Ifles, Bat 1. 
 St. Fobns, \:Luconta,Meangis WU les, Mindanao, Mindora,Panay,Sebo. 
 
 Philofophy, Natural and Moral, where ftudied, S. 60. 
 
 Phrenfy, Laughing, dc, caufed by a Plant, S. 126. 
 
 Pickers for Teeth and Tobacco of Spiders‘Teeth, C. 64. 
 
 Pickles, fee Achar,Pepper-Sawce.Pickled th, what and where, 
 O. 303: 593. 5-27, 8:30. C.124,7, , 
 
 Pictures in Houfes, O. 140, $. 94. of Saints in Churches,C-115. 
 painted like Indians, ib. O. 123, where a Commodity, C. 119. fee 
 Painting, Images, Idols. 
 
 Pies Pond in Beef-Ijland in Campeachy,C. 77. 
 
 Pigeons, where, ©. 39.177. 276+ 321. 392. S. 128. 181.C.65. 
 d. 66. fee Doves, Turtle-doves. 
 
 Pillory, what and where, S. 78, 9. 
 
 Pilots, where to be taken in, S. 4.11,O0. 149. 195. where un- 
 acquainted, 163. 224, 5. 
 
 Pilot-‘Book,a SpanifhManufcript, quoted, O. 163.198. 232, 9s 
 240.2 51,3,5.267. 272.425. fee Preface,Vol.tl. 
 
 Pine-Trees, where, O. 198. fee 
 
 Pinas Port,O. 198. and SPE salshchals 
 
 I.of Pines by Cuba, dC. 30,to7. Beafts,Fifh, Hunting, 7b. 
 75-98. Mangroves, 32. Violences of the Spani(h Garrifon there, 
 31. Land-Tortoife, O.102. Wet Weather, W. 85. 
 
 Pine-apple, Fruit where,O. 10. 291. 418. 420, 6-5. 125. 163, 
 x81, C. 5. Pine-drink,O. 10. 
 
 Wild Pine, Shrub, d. and itskeeping Water, C.55. 
 
 - Pipes, Mufical, where nfed,C. 115. fee Hautboys. 
 
 Pirates, Chinefe, routed, S. 106, 7- Malayans, 157.165. falffy 
 
 fuppofed, 87,8, 9. fee Privateers, Buggaffes. f 
 
 ~ Pifcadove Wles, Harbour, T. Fort, Tartar Garrifon and 
 Shipping, O. 416,7. Fruits, Gc. 418. Liquors and Jars, 419» 
 €loaths, 418, 9. 2 ~ 
 
 Pifco, its Wine, O.196. 
 
 fia what and where, O.' 223. 394. (fee Tar) 393. (how or- 
 dered “for coating Ships ,“ib.) 509. S 8. Mugjck, d. Ce 
 
 I 200 
 Pi a ds OQ, 14 4° ‘Ss 
 int 2 eee 30. cD J } Plae 
 
 PRR IRD ese 5 
 
 
 
General’ Index. 
 Planets, their Motions, where ftudied, S. 60. i 
 Plank not fawn but fplit, O. 332, fee Timber. wer 
 Plantains, where, ©. 9. 12, 9+ 20, 1. §9. ( fet to fhelter Ca- ; 
 C40) 62. 74, 5,7, 8. 122, 3. 141. 1675.8. 175. 183, 7, 198, 9 am 
 200, 2, 6. 2§3+31ls 3, 4, 5, 5. 426. 495. 480. 546. S, 4 230 
 124. 163. 181. C, 5. 9. 112. Treeand Fruit, d. O. 311, tod 
 - how raifed, 311, 2. in what Soil, 313, where valued, 313, 4, Se 
 how eaten, 313, 4.426. Plantain-drink, 314, 5. Cloth, and where — 
 worn, 7.327.427. A peculiar fort at Mindanao,with Seeds goog 
 for Fluxes,315, 6.fee Bonano’s. : ¥ 
 Plantations, what and where, O. 9. 1254,5, 8, 9. 22. lige 
 175. 348. 429. 432, 3. 546. S. 130. of Cacao, O, 60, 2) 2am 
 Coco-nuts, 479 480. Maiz, 123. C. 112, 3. Cottom, 114. _ 
 fee of Plantains, Tobacco, Yams, Sugar-Canes, When the | 
 Harveft in thefe Plantations, W.. 81, 2. fuffering for want of + 
 Rain, 84. where managed by Women, 0. 9.429.432, 3. Planta 
 tions where ufually begun with Plantains, 313. 7 
 Plata I. O. Intr.IV.V. d. 132, 3. Tides, VV. 69. a 
 Plate of Mexico, C. 125. fee Silver. Plate-Fleet, fee Lima, 
 Armada, Barlaventa-Fleet. a 
 Plow and Plowing, how and where, O. 410. 
 Plum-Trees and Fruit, fee Coco-plum, Hog-plum. q 
 Poifonous, Dye or Paint, S$. 41. Food, fee Manchaneel, Para 
 cooda. Bones, fee Corrofo. Fins, fee Cat-fith. - Poifoning) 
 what and where ufed, O. 326. 374. how the Liver affetted with 
 it, 398. Darts poifoned, 41. Arrows, VV. 108. is 
 Poles for feveral ufes, S.26, 9.47: | 
 Polar, VVinds cold, O. 530. 8.Pole, VVinds thenee, $44. 2 
 Polygamy, where, O. 334. (the Sultan ) 455. S. 5 
 VV. 111. ay 
 PomEraaaEns, where and what, O. 532, 4. S. 124. fee Mate 
 aitan. - a 
 : Ponds, Medicinal Herbs floating on them,S. 22,3. Duck- ponds, 
 26. Fifh-ponds, 27, 9. 48. 55. ; ie 
 Pone- tree, d. and itsufe,S, 24. 62, 4. 
 ~ Ponticherri, French Fort, taken by the Dutch, O, 522. 
 Pontique Point, d.O. 258. 261. 3 
 Poor people thro’ want of Trade, O. 334. 295. S. 39-41, 2 
 si. and with it,64,3. begging, 14. thievifh, so. fell Wives and 
 Children, 37, 8,9. yc 
 _ Madre, or Nueflya Sennora, de Bepa,. rich Monaftery, 
 O. 42 é 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Py or 
 
 Popgaio's, Mexican Breezes, d; NVy46,9.5° a 9 
 . Porcelan, China VVare, made where and of what,0.409. 
 
 Moro de Porcos, d. O. 211. ra a ae ue 
 Porcupines, where, C. 59 6243. 127. eaten 128. 5 = 
 Siac: a + : + 
 
 t : 5 ted Pork, & 
 

 
 iba ae a i a i at A ak laa al ello 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Pork, how eateri and young Piggs, $. 30, 1.92. abhorred, 
 fee Hogs, | ; 
 
 Porpuffes , and Oil of them, S. 6. killed by a Storm, 
 VV. 71. 
 
 Porta’ Nova in Coromandel, O. 338. 
 
 Portobel, low Goafts on each fide, O. 424. VVinds andTornado’s, 
 44. Breezes and Courfe, WV. 40. ftormy Norths, 60. unwholefom 
 
 - Turtle to the Eaft of it, O. 103. Plantains there, 313.. Com- 
 merce with Panama, 27. 184; 5. Goods taken, and Air fick- 
 
 ly, ib Barlaventa-Fleet touches there, C. 126. 
 
 Portorico Wland,Tradé,O. 227-Hog-Crauls,c.98. touch d at,126- 
 
 Port-Royal in Campeachy, Harbour and Mland, d. C. 48. 51. 4 
 vaft preen Turtle there, d. O. 105; 6 Ay 
 
 Port-Royal in Pamaica, its Turtle, whence, O. 106. W. 36. 
 indangered by a Storm, 65. Otherwife uleful, 107. 
 
 Ports, fee Harbours. Free, 0.418. 
 
 Portugal, high Coafts and deep Seas, 0.423. Portuguefe of Cape 
 Verd Ifles poor, 70, 2,4, 5. Trade and Shipping, where, 307. 
 383, 7, 8+ 460.S, 143. VV. 108. fee Goa, Macao. places loft by 
 
 them, goo. ¢45. (and why) S. 161, 2. VV. 56. Difcoveries of the 
 
 E. Indies by Sea, O. 330. S. 161. their Courfe to Brazil, VV. 9 
 Portuguefe words where fpoken, 0.479. ' 
 
 Pofole (poor Soul) an Indian Drink, d. C. 43. 113. 
 
 Poffum (Opoffum) Beaft, where, C. 59. 96. 
 
 Pofts, Houfes built on them, how and where, O. 151. 328, 9. 
 454, 7-479. 5. 129.145, 6. 180. 
 
 Potato’s, where, O. 9. 12, 4, 8, 9+ 46, 8. 75+ 141.151- 311.426. 
 43355, 7-484. 458. the Leaves devoured by Locufts,430.where 
 ne Potato’s; 480. 464, 6. ! 
 
 Potofi, its Silver inferiour to the Mexican, O. 269. 
 
 Potters, where, 8. 60. fee Earthen VVare, Jars. 
 
 Poultrey, (Duaghil Fowl, Cocks and Hens) where, O. 122. 
 240.321; (how kept) 329. 406.426. 464. (likeours) 480,9.509 
 $33. §46..S. 25. 30. 163. 184. (Cock-fighting, 2b.) €.118.128. 
 VY. 111. a wild fort, d.O. 392, 3- ne Sige ‘ 
 
 - Powder (Gun). a Commodity, where, C. 41. ill-cornd, 
 and made by every one for his own ufe,).S.:70. 99 how by the 
 
 Author, 97,8,9- 
 _ Small-Pox, fee fmall. 
 
 Pracel Sholes, dangerous, O.389. 405. S. 7+ 9+ 105- 
 
 Prata, I. and dangerous Rocks, d. O. 405, 5 . 
 
 Prawns, where, S.27. “tne 
 
 Prayers, how and where made, O. 338. 343- 5. 57, 8. 
 
 Precipices, Towns builton them, 0. 425, 85 9. i 
 
 Prefents expected, O. 328, 9. what and where made, 354, 5. 
 301,253,463 5455241859.4.20+457582500,59-108» . 2g “4 
 , Prices of Goods, what and where, O. 227+ 333. 356, 365. 427. 
 427,9+S.61. 1325450152. C476 genres en Pricfts, 
 
General Index. 
 
 Priefts, Spanifh Padre’s among Indians, O.44+ 123,5,6,7- 13%. 
 300, I, 3, 4, 8. 383,7. C112, 4. powerand wealth, O. 124. 308 | 
 C.114,5. learn the Languages of the Indians, ib. fee Miffiona- 
 ries. Heathen Priefts, where and what, Or 396.S.52,7,8.83. 
 
 Princes, Eaftern, their State,&c.S. 142,3. (abus'd, 184.)9.329, 
 335)557+340,1,2- 354,5- Devices in Flags, 455. fee Mindanaian 
 and Bouton Sultans,R. Laut,Tonguinefe ruling King or Choua,Govern- 
 ment, Guards, Prefents, Soldiers, VVomen. Painted Pr. fee Feoly, 
 Pageant Princes (without real power) fee Boa, and Q.of Achin. 
 
 A Prince of a Spice-I. invites: the Englifh to Trade, 350.366. 
 ban bird 
 
 Picatenrs Buccaneers, always feek for Fifh,Q. 117,8. and take 
 
 Moskito-men with them, 1. 2. foom mutinous if in want, 146. 
 venturous, 242. Signals to find each other,252. their knowledge 
 of the W. India Coats, 27. Queries put to Prifoners, 27, 8. Com- 
 miffions taken from Petit-Guavres, ib. 39.58. 192. bura Vefe 
 fels they' take, aad fave the Nails, C. 47. Manage Canoas well, 
 1r9. fleep on Deck, VV. 87. obferve Tides much, 9. Their Ra-~ 
 vages in Fucatan,Campeachy,NewSpain,and B. of Mexico,C.1 255433 
 47+5354-95,8.109-110,1.121,2,4,6. Cruifings among the W. India 
 Coafts and Iflands, O. 26 to 66,Revelling, 50. Exploits, &c. 50, 
 6,8. 63,8,9- Repulfe, 63. French, Ordinary Seamen, 30: Their 
 Entring the S. Sea's by the Cape-R.129. by croffing the [/thmus 
 (and Return) Intr. UI. 7.11 to 24. 191,6, 7. and firft occafion 
 of it, 180,5,2,3. entring by Sea, 83,4. Cruifing, Occurrences,&c. 
 in the S. Sea, 93 to 278. feveral particulars relating to them, — 
 ¥16,7+ 1§3 to 8. 171. 187, 8,9. 191, 6, 7. 262,8, 8, 9+ 213+ 5,9 
 220, 1,3: 4+ 241, 2,35 7+254, 59859. 260, 1, 6,7, 8- 270, 1,758) 
 In the E. Indies, 358, 9+ 364, $+ 3715 253s 4, 6. 439. 470481y% 
 506 to511. fee Pirates. : : 
 
 Proceffion at a Circumcifion, Q. 340,1,2. of Idolaters, 397. 
 
 Proe’s, what and where, their make, Outlayers,&c. 4. 0:298,9« . 
 
 
 
 300+ d- 3356. 397. 448. 455,8..475,7.480. d. S. 5. de 131, Proe= 
 bottoms builtupon, 111. fee Boats, Outlayers, Paddles. 
 Prophefie or prefage of the ftirs in America, O: 180,1. ia 
 Profpetts pleafant, O. 42. 58,9.87. 111, 2. 135. 152, 7+ 16}. 
 177,8,9. 186,7. 202. 231,3. 2$1,253,8+309. 384. 417.47 8953018 
 S+ 14-24.179.CG. 1099 VV.1o9. SOR han a 
 Proftituting of VVomen, fee VVomen. 
 Providence 1. C.57. by whom fetled, O. 33. 
 Puebla Nova attempted, O. Intr. III. taken, 213- 
 Pulo fignifies Ifland, 0. 389. fee Condore, Uby, &c. 
 Pumce-ftones, where and whence, 0.230. 
 Pumkins, where, O. 311. 426. §. 23. 45, 181. 
 Pumps (Spani/h) for Ships, how made, O. 442, 4. 
 Pumple-Nofe, fruit, d. $.124, 5. 163. 
 Puna |. T. and Pilots, d. 0.149. Oyfters, 177. 
 
 Gastonia a. 
 
 
 
=a! MM eee Se ~— 
 
 ee General Index. 
 Punifhmerits, what and where usd, O. 394, 7. 367. 432. S. 77 
 to 81, 3-138, 9. 140. ta 
 Purification, City, d.O. 257. 
 Purflain wild, and benefit of it, where, 5.22.” 
 
 Q 
 
 Ualifications of People, Docil.ard Apprehenfive, Ingeni- 
 ous, of good natural Wit, Attive, Dexterous, C¥c. 0.78. 
 Qs 10+ 385 55, Jy iB», 298s 300.326. 400, 1.429.S. 41, 2. 18% 
 VV. 110. fee Artificers, Mechanicks, Proes, Jonks, ¢yor Lear- 
 ning, Cuftoms, @c. a 
 _ Qualitiesof People, fee, Manners. 
 ' Quam, a Bird, d. and where, O. 19. 39. C. 65. d. 66,7. 
 é. I 
 
 Quantung, Province of China, fee Canton. 
 Queda, Cudda, Oilufed, O. 537. Trade, 501.5. 173, 8 
 
 Queen of Achin, her EleGion, State, dy'c. S. 141. to 8, 
 
 Querifao, fee Curra{ao. 
 
 Du Quefne’s Voyage, aF ight related in it,O. 522, 3. 
 
 Quibo (Cobaya) I.and its other Keys or Iflands, O. Infr.Iv. d, 
 21 $ » 3+ 5» Eantarras 1.213. fee Canales 1. Rancheria 1- 
 andyo-- 0.8, vrai aw 
 
 Quicaro, \..d.O. 2125 S-. : 
 
 Quick-Silver, whence, and a Commodity, O. 245." ° 
 
 Quinam, Metropolis of Cochinchina, S. 7. 
 
 Quinces, where growing, 0.5325 S 
 
 Quito,its Cloth a Commodity,where,O. 142, 3.152.City and 
 Gold Mines, d.152, 3- Rains, fickly Air, and'rich Rivets , 
 164, Do 0 Kitty Got 
 
 « 
 
 ~IPOCK 
 
 R. 
 
 Accoons , of Indian Conies, and Rats, O. 172, 276 
 Rack, fee Arack. se ee , 
 Rajts, tee Bark- Logs. do Wet ie eee 
 Rag:, a Commodity, where, 0. 489. - 
 Raja's, Vrinces, abus'd, S. 184, ‘fee R. Laut. j 
 _ Rain, what, when and where niet by the Author, dc. 0: 4.14, 
 6, to 21. 79. 83.199. 360.414, §: 438. 455. 461.W.55. where 
 _and when much ufual, O. 44. 108, 1§3. 167- 173. 195..230.322. 
 360. S. 34, 6. 149. C.33.79. W. 19. 52-62, 8, 9.725 8. 80,2,t06, 
 pleafant, 58. Seafon of Rains in particular Places,when and how, 
 «| O.;186. 207. 297. 321, 25 3-360. 394. S- 34- 148,9.'180,1. W.52. 
 »; fee Seafon, Weather. Bays moft, fubjcét to Rain, 78. 80,2, 3. 
 _-and Mountains, 83, 4 5, 6. much from a fmall Cloyd, 87; th 
 or eS ViVEl eee 1. he fod “ done 
 
a 
 
 General Index. " 
 
 done by them, S. 37,8. Floods caufed, fee Floods. Rivers. made 
 by them, 35. O. 95,6. whofe overflow fattens the Land, $. 37,8 
 Rain where a fign of Land nigh, O. 283. No-Rain, where, 94. 
 139. 140. 186. and why, W.78, 9. om ae 
 Seas or Mahometan Lent , how kept, O. 343, 39, 
 Rancheria, its Pearl-Fifhery, gc. d. O. 43, 4. 
 Rancheria 1. in the §. Sea, d. O. 212. 
 Rafhbouts, who and where, O. 507, 8. 
 Rates of Goods, fee Price. 
 Rattaa-Canes, ufe,O. 496. S..46. Rattan-Cables, d.:¥67. 
 Rats, many, where, C. 23. 45. in Ships, O, 279. ” 
 Raw Fifh eaten, O. 430. Flefh, S. 30. 
 Realeja, Ria Lexa, Port to Leon City, O. 215. the Harbour 
 and Ifland, ¢. 118 to 121. the T. a. taken and burnt, 119.221, 
 3. bad Air, 221, 4. 230, 6. 
 Recreations, S. 53. fee Gaming. 
 Red- Sea, Ambergriefe, 0.74. Pirates fond of cruifing there, 
 43 2 when bad going thither, 510-Weather and Winds, W:20,4. 
 ide, 99. Eh . 
 Red. wood, fee Blood-w.Cam-w. Log-wood. 
 Reeds, Hats made of them, where, S. 43. 
 Refugees, French, where, O. §32. §47- °< Se 
 - Religious Belief, Prayers, doc. where, S. 55, 7,-8.0. 338. mnotle 
 vifible, 432.466.479.541. ftate of, it ithe E. S. 955657. fee Chri- 
 ftianity,!dolatry, Mahometunifm, and . 
 Renegado’s, Chinefe and Englifh, S, 138. 
 Revolution at, Siam, S, 151, 2,3: 
 Rhubarb, whence, S. 63. 
 Ria Lexa, fee Realeja. ie 
 _ Rice, where growing, and a Commodity, O. 78. 175+. 291) 
 7.303. 329+ 333. 353+ 3842 397, 9- 4Oo S. 14-21, 25 4y 05: 3% 
 64. 87, 8. 105. 130, 4, §, 6- 148. 154. 183, 6. 181, 2. in wet Soil, 
 25. O. 297. 406. 410. S. 28. yet hurt by much Rain, 37. depends 
 onthe Rains, where, 37, 8. dear bought, $6. Harvelt, whet nd 
 how ordered, 25. O. 353. trod out with Buffalo’s, 410,41. 
 drefs'd and eaten, fee Cookery ; with Tamarinds, good tof 
 fick People, 526. the Grainand main Suftenance of the E. Indians, 
 399.426.$.22.30,8, 50, 55126. 148, where none, O. 426. 433.480 | 
 464,6. Rive: Drink, feeDrink. © pis 
 Mr. Ringrofe, kilfd, 0.271, 2. referred to, fee H. of Bu 
 canters. i iS ‘a 
 ‘Rings, what and where worn, O. 355. 5t4, 5. ©. 11% 
 VV. Tite ere pia a 
 ‘Ripling or Cockling Sea, O. 133. VV. 57. fee Sea. ae 
 ; crs not \perennical, where, 0. 95, 6. 5.35. - all int*the 
 Torrid-Zone overflow. in the wet Seafon, 34- brackifi im 
 the dry Seafon, O. 258. how us‘d- for Ses Hi : 
 
 
 
 
 
ae ee ee ee 
 
 f General Index. 
 
 S.180. fee Bathing, Wathing. Fit for building Ships, O. 114, 
 unfrequented, 163. ftor'd with Fifh, §. 27. 128. how caught 
 
 28,9, Ripling or Cockling Sea caus'd by Rivers, W.87. and what” 
 
 Tides, 91. For particular Rivers, fee the Maps. Gold Rivers, fee 
 Gold. River-Frigats, d. and where, S. 16. 74,5,6,7- River-Horfe, 
 fee Hippopotamus. 
 
 Roads and Riding for Ships; what and where, O. 48. §5,6.8.53. 
 
 74-97- 125. 144.151, 2. 164, 9-170, 9.184.204.238,9. 257. 3216 
 380. S$. 122,3. 165.C.17. 108- W.73.4. See Anchorings,Harbours. 
 
 Roca's les, dO. $2, 5... 
 
 Sky-Rockets fir'dat Mindanao, 0.342. 
 
 Rocks, what and where, O. 50,1,2,6.74. 81. 97. I01,9.112,6. 
 122. 132,3,6,9. 145,6. 174-186. 198. 212. 232,5,8,9.240,1,2,9. 
 25657 261, 25 357+ 275 2825 3. 291 381, 2. 405. 422,6. 468. 
 4513-475. 545,7- S: 19. 122. 160.171. C.23,5, 6. 47.124,8. 
 W. 56. (people dwelling in them, 108.) 109. Rocky Coafts have 
 deep Seas, and where fo, O. 422,3,4, 5. abound in Fifh, 91. 
 264. fee 
 
 Rock-fifh (Grooper, Bacalao) d. and where, O. 91. 257. 
 
 Rokbo, a Branch of TonquinR. 4.5.9. 10,5,6,9+ 21. 
 
 C. Roman, its Currents, W. 101,2,4. 
 
 Pulo Rondo, d. S. 122. 
 
 Roofs of Buildings, what and where, O. 139. 218. 387. 479. 
 539. S.43,5- 57-130. C. 45. 115, 8. fee Thatch. 
 
 Roots, eatable, where little need of them, S.22. fold,3o. plant- 
 ed, 182. feeCaflavy, Onions, Potato’s, Yams, 
 
 Rofario,R. T. and Gold.Mines, d. O. 266. “ 
 
 - _ Rowing, how, fee Proes. To the found of a Gong, in exa& ca- 
 dence, 8.75. without hands, 139. fee Oars, Paddles. 
 Port-Royal, Porto-Rico, fee Porto. 
 Rudder, a Paddle usd for it, O. 299.5. 5. 
 Rum, a Commodity, where, C. 18. 92. 
 Rufhes burnt on Idol-Altars, S. 43. 58. 
 Rusk, a fort of wheaten Bisket, O. 303. 
 be 
 
 Abbath. of the Mahometans, Friday, O. 338. 377. 
 
 Sacrificio I. inthe S. Sea, d. O. 238. 
 Sacrificio Wfles inthe G. of Mexico, their true Site, C.124,6. 
 Sacrifices to Idols, what and where,O 396,7. S.43.58,9. . 
 Saggen,Plantain, and Plantain-Cloth, O. 327. 
 Sago, where, what, how made, and us'd, O.310,1. 329.8, 148. 
 Sails, and Sail-cloth, d. O. 295. 384- 413.5. 13- <. 46. bad, 
 
 W, 33. Sailing {wift,O. 281,5,6. 300. in E. India, depends on 
 the Monicons, W. 22,3,4. fee Courfe, fhipping. ei 
 Saints, painted, like Indians,O.123.C.115.fold,r19,feeV. Mary. 
 Saker, of great- Guns, «vherée the moft valued, 5.6 5. sin 
 Sale or Out-cry at Malacca, ‘cw of it, $. 163. ; 
 Sa 
 
 -* 
 
General Index. 
 
 _Sal 1. of the G.Verds, and its Salt, &c. d. O. 70,2. 
 Rio de Sal, dO. 264. ‘ 
 Salina Harbour and Salt in Campeachy, d.G. 42,3. fee Salt. . 
 Sallagua T.O.245. 253. Harbour, d. 254. st 
 Salt, and Salina’s or Salt-ponds, where, O-49. 56. 70,5.110 . 
 
 
 
 240,3. 265,9. 430. (making, d. and time of kerning, 55.) C. 42,3. 
 Wells dug in Sand, Salt if deep, where,so. 118. Salt-water under 
 Frefh,S.156,7.0. 42. Salt-Lakes ftor’d with Fifh, 241, 2, 3. fee — 
 Lagunes. 
 
 Salt-Creek in Campeachy, C. 99. 
 
 Salt-Petre, imported, S.65. (us'd) 98. Earth, C. 7. 8. 
 
 .Sambaloe’s les, aad Point Samblafs,Rendezvous of Privateers, 
 Vegetables and Animals. O. 22, 3,6. 39. 40. 101, 3. C. 58. 6% 
 Breezes, W. 26. fee Golden I. 
 
 » Pulo Sambilong, and their Cat-fifh, $.17F. 
 Sambo, R. d.O. 193, 8. 
 Sam-fhu, afort of Arack, d. O. 419. 
 Sands, hot, a Cure, O. 276. a Punifhment, 357. raisd by 
 Winds, W.15.47,8. Wells, C. 50. 118. Banks, 120. high, 123, 4» 
 fee Anchorings, Bays, Sholes, Soil. 
 Santa Pecaque, {ee Centiquipaque. eI 
 Sapadilly, fruit, where, O. 39. d. 202,3.C. 48,9. 94 ; 
 Sarfaparilla, grows in water, and where, O. 152. | 
 ’ Sath worn inftead of other Cloaths, O. 479. fee Naked. 
 Saveges, mifreported, and eafily amus’d, O. 484,5,6- 
 Savannahs, Champian, or Pafture, what and where, O. 44. 5% 
 62. d. 87,8. 112,4,8, 121+1§0. 205. 211,8, 231, 2+ 240. 250) 3) 
 8,9. 264,5,9- 34758. 369. 284, 7+ 406. 442. S. 19. 22.124.C. 32° 
 48,9. 52,3,8,9- (drown’d, 55,6. 80, 1, 2.) 84, §, 6+ d> G4,1O25]20> 
 20, 1. ; : 
 Sauces, Pepper-fauce, 0. 396. fee Achars, Pickle, Cookery.  _ 
 Saufages of raw Pork eaten, where, S. 30. 
 Sawyers, and Saws, S.60. C. 41. O. 357. none, 332. 
 Scabby Lips caus'd by a Wind, O. 63. 
 Scales, not usd, where, O. 434. 
 Scarf, what. and where worn, O. 486. S. 129. 
 Scholars,where the only Courtiers, $. 59. Schools, 0. 330, © 
 Scuchadero, d. O. 195. 
 Sciffars, a Commodity, where, C. 119. 0. 23. 
 Scorpions, O. 320, C.63. S.25. an Antidote, 53, 4- 
 Scuda, 1. Sir Fr. Drake’s Bowels buried there, O. 39- 
 Scurvey cur’d, O..92. 548. : 
 Sea, where, high, great, rough, fwelling, O. 55.134. 198.23ly _ 
 25359- 241,7. 253. 26254,7.843,4. C.123,4 iacreas'd by contraty 
 Winds, W. 106,7.0.421.fee Tornado’s,Storms,No Grafs orWeeds 
 in-deep Seas, 393. where deep or fhallow, and deepening gra 
 dually, tb 422,3,4)5.C.16, 48. Head-Sea, 22, Cockling or re 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General Index. 
 
 ling, O. 82: 133, 415.W.57. fparkling & working Waves,in Storms, 
 69. O. 414. always fmooth, C. 30. long Ebb prefaging Storms, W- 
 61,6. 70. Change of Colour, O. 80. ufually a fign of Sholes, or Land 
 near, C.28. Sea and Wind rife and fall together, O. 217. At Sea, 
 Land-Breézes fainteft, W.31,2,3 feweft Tornado’s, 86, 7, 8. Far at 
 Sea, weakeft Currents, 104. and Birds not feen, 0.282. 531. Sea- 
 winds warmeft, 529. fee Weather, Winds. Frefh Water taken up 
 at Sea, 42. S.1§6. warily, 157. Sea-Marks, fee Marks, fee Atlantick, 
 Indian, Red Sea,G. of Mexico, and South-Sea. 
 
 Sea men, good, 8,4. 5. bad, fee Spaniards. Ignorance. O.276,7,8. 
 $07. VV. 15.Superftition, 31. loft by carelefuets. 41,2. Frover 45° 
 hard fhip, 48. tricks, O. 318. thievifh, ib. 528,9. juft,S.117,8. fcarce, 
 112. fee Lafcars. 
 
 Sea-Devils, fith, dC. 73. Sea-Cow, fee Manatee. Sea-or River” 
 Horfe, fee Hippopotamus. Sea-Lion, fee Lion. Sea-Dog, fee 
 
 Seals d.and where (where plenty of #.{h) 0.8). 90. 146. falted. 
 263.4. 276.533. C. 2,6. Seal-skin Floats, d. VV. 38, 9- 
 
 Seafons of the Year, VVet and Dry, what and where, d. VV. 76 to 
 88. S. 148,9. (divide the Year, as Summer and VVinter) 31,2. Wer, 
 when, 34,5. 180. O. 277. 322. C. §5. VV.52.fer Rains, Floods. Moft 
 Rain then at night, 88. iacommodious, S. 45..73- Oyfters then f efh. 
 C. 17. Dry, when and where, O. 197. 258. 257. 323. 361. 3945.36. 
 90. C. 55. VV. $8. the Harveft-time of Plantations, VV. 81,2. plea- 
 fant, C. 122. VVater how preferv’d then, 56. 76,7. Rivers brackith, 
 O. 258. 277- Seafon of VVinds, what aud where, 33,9. 44. 280.298. 
 03,6. 322+ 34557. 353,4,7+ 401, 5+ 413. 437, 9 Cand fign) 490. 544. 
 S. 179. VV-4. 8, 9- 11,253. 2257+ 3055+ 43:4,0- 101,2.for failing, bad, 
 O. 354. 416.439-461. $04, 5+ 510. 524. for Tornado’s, 458. VV. 51. 
 Tuffoons,S. 36. Norths,60. C. 29. Souths, VV.65. Hurricanes, 68. 
 ftormy Monfoons, 73. Currents, 106,7. croffiag the Line,fee E juator, / 
 
 Making Salt,&c. fee Salt, Sugar. Fifhing, C. 15. Periodical Seafons 
 of Traveliing kept by Fith and Fowl, O. 394. fee Turtle. 
 
 Sebo, 1.and one of Canes by it, d. 0.379. 380. r 
 
 Segovia, in Mexico, vifited by Privatcers,O. 129. 
 
 Selam Look-out, C. 13, 4. 
 
 Serle (Captain) and Serles Key, C.52. 
 
 Serpents, fee Snakes. 
 
 Settlements, Provifion and Perfons neceflary for them, 0.332,3 
 (and where to be made,) 158,9. 349. 350,1- 394-5. 101,2,3. fee Fa 
 ttories, Trade. 
 
 Shabander of Achin, O. 502.8. 141,2,4,5+ of Malacca, 163,6,7. 
 
 Shackles and VVrift-bands of Gold, where worn,O. 514, 5. 
 
 Shallow places, O. 33.125. 169. fee Sholes. 3 
 ' Shape of People, where ftreight, well-made, or fhap'd, O. 7. 170° 
 297+ 398 406. 454-464.478. C. 115. (and flender) $. 181. raw- 
 bon’d, O. 406. fquat, 426. thin, 537. fee Limbs. 
 
 harks,where,O.65- 79. 110. 4.72. ©.25.35. VV.5 5ekill'd by Storms, 
 
 $y.howdreft to eat,O.79. Be ee | Sheathing 
 
 ‘ 
 
General Index. 
 
 Sheathing of Ships, how neceffary, O. 360, 2, 3. : i 
 Sheep, where, O. 387. 464+ 532.540. (a few for the King) S. 25. 
 their Skins worn, and Guts eaten,C. 538, 9. s4o. 
 
 Shell-fith, where, and what, S. 27.C, 17.0.449- $40. {carce, 4650 i 
 a fort red like boil’d Shrimps, 81. fee Clams, ¢. Cockles, Conchs, — 
 
 Crabs, d. Craw-fifh, Horfe-hoofs, d. Mufcles, Oy fters, @. Periwinkles,, fF 
 
 Prawns, Shrimps. Shells ftuck inthe Hair, 538. 
 
 Sherboro, Cherburg R. neat Sierra Leona, Englifh Fattory and Trade — | 
 
 of Cam- wood, O. 78. C. 58. 
 
 Ships and Shipping, where built, O 114. whither fent, fee Trade. — 
 
 Little usd where, 117. 243. 267.C. 122. fupprefs'd, $.118. E, lie 
 
 dian, what and where, 0.332. S. 5, 8. 9. 7455)057-88. 110.1. Houfes - 
 
 built to attend them, 12,3. meafur’d, 0.354. fee Champa, Chinefe 
 Jonks, Proe’s. Spanifh, fee Acapulco-fhip, Armada, Barlaventa-tleet, 
 
 Flota, Lima. Eaten with VVorms, fee fheathing. Quarter-deck cut — 
 
 down, 380. how made to wear, VV. 64. caft on Land by Storms, C._ 
 92,3. VV. 67,9. 73-fee VVrecks, Seams opening in Harmatans, 49. 
 Hold hot with Pepper, O. 525. fee Anchoring, Bark-logs, Boats, 
 Cables, Canoa’s, Careening,Mafts, Oakam, Oars, Outlagers, Paddles, 
 Pitch, Pumps, Rudder, Sails, Tar, VVell-boat. 
 
 Shirts, none worn, 3. 43. fee Cloaths. 
 
 Shoes, none worn, 0.326. 408. 456. $. 43.129. like Slippers 
 and {mall ones of Chinefe VVomen, O. 408. fee Feet- Ae 
 
 Shooting of Birds, newly learnt, where, $. 26. Shooting-matches, 
 folem::, 72. Shot, aCommodity, C. 41. - 
 
 Shoics and fha!low places, Bars, Flats, &c. where, O. 75,8+ 119 
 133,6. 144,759. 164. 193. 212.242. 283. (a fign of Land near).283. 
 297+ 303-378. (very dangerous) 382, 9+ 425. 447,8. 450,8,9- 460) 
 (ill plac d in Charts) 462. S. 5, 9. 10,1,2+ 105. 156,9. 17051. 28,9» 
 35. 123. ufually near low Land, O.422,3,4,8- difcover’d by change 
 of Colour in the VVater, 80. Beacons fet on them, 450. proper f0 © 
 Fifh on, 297. fee Fifhing Banks. See Anchorings. 
 
 Shrimps, and Trade of them, S. 27,8. 128, C. 127, 8. 
 
 Shrubs, fee Bufhes, Fruits, Trees. 
 
 a 
 ’ 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 Siam Bay,d.Ilesand Fifhermen there,O. 398,9.4001+ 425.VVinds, 
 
 VV. 21. Courfe, 23. 399. VVeather, 82. Aguala wood, S. 8. King 
 dom of Siam, Jheir Tradé at Tonquin, 10.16. at Achin, O.504. VVar 
 with the Englifh, Bells bought for the King, and Englifh in his fer- 
 vice, i. S$. 101,2,3,5,.to 9. Maffacred at Merga, 151. Revolution,and 
 
 Englifh from Siam City, 152, 3. VVomen proftitutes, O- 395+ 
 
 Achars, 3916 
 Sibbel de Wards, Sebald de Waerdts) Wes, d. O- 80, 1- 
 
 Sick men refrefh’d with Herbs and Fruits, 0. 92. $26. 542+ 8.23, F 
 
 > 
 
 fee Difeafes,Cures. Sick place, 180.0. 524,3.fee Air bad. 
 _ Sight, good, O. 8, bad, 464, §- fee Eyes, re 
 
 te Yas 
 
 
 
 cecal a 
 

 
 ee ee a ee ee ee ES eS em ge Roa: te eee Se ee ee 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Signs of VVinds, VVeather, &c. fee Clouds, Fogs, Land, Sky, 
 Storms, Sua. Y ; 
 
 Silks,a Commodity, where, O. 137. 245. 379. S15, (and raw 
 
 Silk,) 61. C. 120. for fowing, 119. Silk-worms, and Silks made, 
 where, O. 409. S. 21,2, 5-461. VVorm, 42. (prefented) 108.129. 
 0.419. China; filk, 333. 409. S.15. Silk-Countreys poor, 39. Silk- 
 paper, 61. Silk-grafs Aprons, VV. Ilo. 
 
 Sillabar,O. 401. S. 179.180. its Pepper, 182. 
 
 Silver, Mines, where, O. 260,1.9. European Prifoners not fent thi- 
 ther, C. 54. out ofa VVreck, O.148. imported, $. 6 1,5. Buttons, 
 108. Rings, a Commodity, C. 119. fee pieces of Eight, Plate-feet. 
 Quick-filver, fee Quick. ; 
 
 dilvefter, tree, fruit, dye, dO. 124. 225,09. 
 
 Sincapore Streights, S.4. 109 
 
 Singing, Songs, what and where, O- 127. 337. 342.459. 541. 
 
 Sifal, Lock out, d. C. 14. 
 
 Sitting crofs-leg’d, where us‘d, O. 329. 
 
 Situation pleafant, cc. 0.218, fee Air, Profpect. 
 
 Skins worn, loufy, O. 539° $40. for Inftrument-Cafes,C.73. eaten, 
 O. 429.430.fee Affes, Goats,Manatee, Seals, Leather 
 
 Sky clear, when, W. 4.45. black,.66. fee Clouds, Weather, 
 
 Slaves working, where, 02266, 9. 34. fee Negro’s. made Slaves, 
 184. 456. §10,1,5,6-S.7.8. (by Parents and Husbands) 37, 8. (fee 
 Children, Wives. the ufual Punifhment, where) 83. 130, flavith 
 State, 132, 4, §.d. 141, 2. 
 
 Slippers, Sandals, worn, 0.408. S. 129. 
 
 Sloth, Beaft, where, C. $9. d. 61. 
 
 Small-Pox, where, O. 334. 
 
 Smiths (Black, Gold) &c. d. ©. 331,2.S.60. 130,1,6. 181. 
 
 Smoaks and Fires feen, O. 82. 459. a fignal, 252. 
 
 Snakes and Serpents, what and where, O. 103.172. 212. 320, Ie 
 (in houfes, &c.) 373. S.25. (an Antidote ) 53, 4.127. C. 50.62. 
 (yellow, green, dun) d. 62, 3. 
 
 Snapper, fifh, d. and where, O. 91.C. 12. 109. 
 
 Snook, fifth, d. and where, O- 243. C. 12. 71. 124. 
 
 Soap, a Commodity, where, O. 142, 3. 214. 
 
 Soil, what and. where, O, 11,5,8. 21, 9.44. §9.70,4,6. 9557-10, * 
 9+ I12. 122. 132545559 140,3- 164. 172,5. 187. 196. 202, 218, 222, 
 5+ 240. 250,35556- 261. 275, 29457+ 309+ 310 333. 351. 380,4. 390, 
 
 / 
 
 406. 42556. 447+ 457. 463. 473,8- 532 S. 14, 9+.2051,2,5. (variety * 
 
 of it) 123.4. 171,4. 181.C. 11. 23. 56,8. 94)5. 102. T11,3,9.12253. 
 
 W. 109. fee Savannahs, Rocks, Sands, Trees, Rice. 
 
 __ Soldiers, what and where, S. 60, Exerciles, 69, 72. rowing, 75, 72 
 
 Arms, 70,1,6. trial by eating, and how rais‘d,ib. Fights and Expe- 
 
 ditions, 70, 4. Watch, 77,8. hir'd,108. fee Guards, Arms, Fighting. 
 
 ~ Soldier-Infeét, d. eaten, but fometimes poifonous, O. 39. 
 Solegues of Mindgnao, d.O. 325. Proe’sand Trade, 379. 
 eee 3p eh. SE ie 3) a Soundings , 
 

 
 General Index. 
 
 Soundings, O. 232, 3.fee Anchorings. el : 
 _La Sounds Key in the Samballo’s, 0. 22,3,6¢ 1 . 
 
 South Keys or Iflands, fee of Cuba. / 
 
 South Sea, Bold Shore, and great and deep Seas, O. 423. 34. no 
 Manatee, ib. nor Hawks-bill Turtle, 105. its Pearl-Oyfters, 173: Jew- » 
 fifth, 249. Red-wood, €.58.fee Blood-wood. Ant-bears,61. Ozkam, — 
 O. 295. fee Bark Logs;Cat-fifh. Farin it, no Rocks, Fifh or Fowl, 
 
 where, 282. Courfe acrofs it, fee Courfe. Breadth, under-reckon‘d, 
 
 QO. 288. 290. VVinds, VV. 3. 10, 1. 24. 40. VVeather, 78, 9. Tides, 
 93, 5,6. Currents, 107,8. what part free from Storms and Rain, fee 
 Pacifick Sea. Better Landing about Peru than Mcxico, fee Landing 
 bad. See VVeather, VVinds, Bark-logs, Chili, Peru, Panama Bay, 
 Mexico, California. Commerce with the Atlantick by the Cape-R. 0. 
 129.bythe I/thmus, fee Ifthmus. 
 
 Souths, Storms, where, O. VV. d. 65 to 8. 
 
 Soy, whence and how made, S. 28. 
 
 Spain, prefage of the ftirs in America,O. 180, 1 Cargo thence,® — 
 125. fee ’ 
 
 Spaniards, particulars relating to them, in America, O.2.3.4.6. 12, 
 34,8. 27,8. 30,3,8. 4I to 6. 56 to 60,3,8. 75+ 83,4,8. G15 4, 4, 71 Oe 
 100,2. 113 tO 7. 120,2, tO 8. 131,4,5,5,9. 140, 3,4,75859+ 152, 3) 5, 
 to 8. 163,.6, to 173,5,7, to 182,4, to 209. 211,3.4,7, to 221.3,5,t0 
 
 235.9, to 261, 4, to 273,5,7,9- 280,2,3. S. 117-C. 13, 9+ 20, 345 5 
 42 tO 7.51,25354- 73-90, 5, tO 8. 109, to 116. 120, to 7,9. 130, — 
 (their failing) W. 40. 105. (bad Sea-men) 33. 62,3, (O. 190, 1.)at 
 Guam, O. 290, 1, 300, &c. at the Philippines. 328. 331, 3,4: 3775 9 
 382,3,4,7,8. §15,6. Trade,&c. 184,5. 243 to 6. 33354. C. 42,3090. 
 1l0,1.{20to7. 131. fee Armada, Acapulco-fhip, Barlaventa-fleet, 
 Flota, Lima-fleet, ‘Carriers, Conimodities, Trade. Fighting, Intel- 
 ligence, &c. Stratagems, 0.99. 114,7- 120,1. 13§,6. 144,7. 188,9, 
 208,9¢ 225, 7, 8. 243.259.2635. 382. Government, Policy, Severi- 
 ty, 8c. 43,4. C.¥9. 38. 44.54. 94,5,6- 109. 112,3,4,6. 27253. Ou3y 
 4. 331+ 399. 372, 3. Superftition, 42. Gaming, 410. Honour, 221,3° 
 C. 96. Buildings, fee Churches, Houfes, Parades. Ship-Pumps, 4.0. 
 443, 4. Husbandry, 235.313.C.98. Spanijh fpoken, O. 331. 349 
 355.515, 6. ei Hila ona t 4 
 
 New Spain, Coafts and places of it, d. C. 123, &c. 
 
 Spani(h Makril,where,C.7 1.4.72. cere 
 
 Spears us’d; what and where, $. 72. i 
 
 Spice, a Commodity, 8.65. 0.245. ingrofs'd and fupprefs’d,3 15,7: 
 350. 366° fee Dutch. Where to'be had, ib. 317. 350, 1, 3. fee Cia 
 oS ia tad Ginger,Nutmegs, Pepper. Spic'd-water,359° 
 
 ee the ed roa ’ ‘- 
 
 Spice .Iflands, Malayan learnt there, O. 395. Libby-tree and $ag0, _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 311. anointing usd, 537. Trade monopoliz’d, S. 117. 166. fee 
 Spice, Dutch. See Amboina, Banda, Ceylon, Gilolo, Meangis, Sumatth, — 
 Ternate, Tidores See Prince, + <2 eH YS : aa 
 gteOY t soe : Spiders 
 
General Index. 
 
 Spiders large, and ufe of their Teeth or Horns, C, 64. 
 
 Spittle provok’d by Betle, O. 319. 
 
 Spoons .of Coco-nut, O. 294. none ufed, 329. 430, 
 
 Sports at Tonquin, S- 53. of others, fee Dancing, Gaming. 
 
 - Spouts, d. (follow a Calm) and where, O. 451. 2, 3. 
 
 Spuma, a white frothing Cacao, d. and where,C. 111. 
 
 Squathes, Beafts, d. and where, C. 59. 96. 
 
 Squirrels, where,$. 127+ eaten, 128. 
 
 ’ Star-apple, d. and where, O, 204. 
 State of Eaft-Indian Princes, O. 335. 8. 142, 3. fee Princes, 
 States I. d.O.82. 424. , 
 | Stature of People, low, O.395.426.454. W.108.mean, 0.21, 
 2. 170. 325- 537» So 40. C. 115. tall,O. 7.406. 464.4728. 
 
 Stealing with the Toes, S. 138. fee Thieves. 
 
 Steel, what Coals beft to harden it, C. 50, 7. 
 
 Sticks burnt on Altars, O. 412. Chop-fticks, d.§. 84. 
 
 Sting-tay’s, Fifh, fee Rays. 
 
 Stocks, anufual Punifhment, where, S. 77. 
 
 Stock-fith- wood, d. where,and price, C.57, 8 
 
 Stockings, a Commodity, C. 120. O. 137. none worn, 326. 408, 
 456. S.43.129.fee Legs, Naked. 
 
 Stomach, what good for it, O. 319. ‘ 
 
 Stone ,Friable, O. 140. fearce, 7b. none, C. 111. fee Rocks, Soil. 
 Stone-Hatchets, fee Hatchets. 
 
 Storms, what and where ufual, or met by the Author,¢sc.and their 
 Prefages, O. 70. 83,4 401. 413, 4, 5, 5+ 437, 85 9. 495. Gc. 504. 
 $.35, 6. C. 91, 2, 3-128.d. W. 2.19. 59 to 64. 75. moft at theN. 
 and F. Moon, O. 416. fee Moon. Turning then dangerous, 414. 
 how effeé&ted, W. 64. fee Clouds, Corpus Sant, Elephanta, Hurti- 
 ricanes; Monfoons, ftormy Norths, souths, Spouts, Tornadoes, 
 Tuffoons. None where, O. 94, fee Pacifick Sea. 
 
 Strangers, carriage towardsthem, O. 327, 8. S. 50, 1. 34, 5. fee 
 Entertainments, Comrades and Pagallies, Manners, (good,hofpitable, 
 &c.) Women proftitutes. _ 
 
 Straw-hats worn at Tonquin, S. 43. 
 
 Streets, what and where, O, 387. inacceffible, 428. ill pav'd,$.47. 
 guarded, 97. hot Tea fold there, 31. 
 
 Strumftrum, a Mufical Inftrument, d.O. 127. 
 
 Subtle-Jacks, and their Nefts, d.and where, C.65, 8, 9. 
 
 Sucking-fith or Remora, d. aad where, O. 64,5. W. 54. usd for 
 catching Turtle, 110. 2 
 
 Sugar, where a Commodity, O. 45. 14223-1965. 214. 269.8, 151. 
 C. 18, Canes growing, and Works, 0.22. 46 78. 143, 199.218.223. 
 409. 429. C. 5. hindred by Salt-Earth, 8. Seafon, W. 80,1. 
 
 Sulphur imported, §. 65. (usd, 68.) fmell, O. 131. 
 
 Sumatra I. Coafts, O. 425.472, 3, 6. call’d Sheba in an old Map, 
 5. 143. anointing usd there, 537, Malayan fpoken, 394. Bese. 
 
 W. 39. 
 
ype ee Ore ae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. . Mi 
 W- 39. Commodities and Trade, O. gor. S. 5. 10,1. (monopoliz'd) _ 
 116,7- (fee Dutch) 182. feePepper. See Achin, P. Arii, Bancalis, 
 Bencouli, Diamond-Point, R. Dilly, Golden-M. P. Gomez, Hog-1. Indra: 
 pore, Palimbam, Pangafinam, Paffange- Fonca, P. Rondo, Sillabar,Trift-le 
 P. Verero, P. Way, Malacca and Sunda Streights. = 
 
 pute R. and T. d. C.3 1.102.131. Summafenta-W.or Breeze, 
 
 a. W. 43,4. _ 
 aa in what figns, what Weather, W. 4. 6. 21, 2. often Clouded 
 about Noon, 0.494. Halo round it prefages Storms,49s. fee Clouds, — 
 Sky. Its Amplitude fail’d by, 531. expofing to it, a Punifhment, — 
 357- §. 79. fee Declination, Latitude by Obf. 
 
 Sunda Streights, much usd, O. 394. Counter-winds, 297.3 
 
 Superftition, O. 9. 42. 127.495. $41. W. 31, 2. 104. C. of. fee 
 Idolatry, Mabometani{m. 
 
 Suranam, Seafons there, W. 82. Currents, 104. low Land, and 
 Manatee, O. 33. 425. 
 
 Surrat-Merchants at Achin, S. 146. Surrat Channel, 122. 
 
 Swampy and flooded Waters, why unwholfome, O. 524. 
 
 Capt. Swan, particulars concerning him, O. 137. 278. 280, 1,2, 
 394+ 30253,6- 340,1,2,8,9. 350, 3, to 7. 362, 4,6 to 374. his Mure 
 der, 445, 6. Ship, the Cygnet, 506,7. $10, I. ie 
 
 Swearing, manner of it, where, $.83. 
 
 Sweating in Hot Sands,Cure of a Dropfy, 0.276. | 
 
 Swimming of one only ina fright,O. 402. iy 
 
 - Swines-flefh abhorr’d, fee Hogs, Mahometans. 
 
 Swings at Tonquin, d.S. 53. 
 
 Swivels us'd tor Guns, where, O. 400. S. yiex : 
 
 Swords, what and where us'd, O. 337. (wooden) 466, 9, §:$.70,5 — 
 (Back-{words) 184. fee Creffets, Curtana’s. pe 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 Sword-fith, ¢. and where, C. 25. 25. ae 
 T. : 
 
 Abagilla 1. 0.188. ; a 
 
 ff = Tabago!. andT. by Panama, d. O. 187,8. 3 
 Tabago I. of the Cavribbes, wafted,O.485.C.5.d.W.§6,7, 
 
 Tabafco R. and 1.C.20. d. 131,7,8. 117, 8. 121. W. 630g 
 Table-Mount at the C, G. Hope, d. O. 31. ee 
 Tacatalpo de Sierra,d.€, 111, - 
 Tail of Cows Hide, worn and trimm’d, W.111. of Cocks, 2b 
 Fale, a fumme, what and where, S. 61.132. th 
 Tallow, a Commodity, O. 152. C. 110. Tallow-Caps, d. VV. Itt 
 ~Tamarinds, their benefit with Rice, O. 526. oi 
 Tangola, I. d. 3. 232. 
 Tanning, fee Bark, Leather. : a 
 Tar, where found or made, and howorder’d, (Algatrane) O. 223. 
 (Tartree, d-) 390, 1, (a Commodity) 4,5,7,8. S. _ 
 Tarpom, fifh, d.and where, C. 12,3..71. a 
 Tartars, — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
wees 4 " ena) ae, es eek 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Yartars, Trade, inflaving the Chinefe, Habit, d. &¢c.O. 406,76 417; 
 $,9.421. 8.15.4. 167. fee China. 
 
 Tartillo’s, Cakes, d. and where, C. 43.113. 
 
 ~ Tea, Chau, whence, and where, O. 409. §. 31. 41. $3. 
 
 Teal, where, S. 26. VV. 109. 
 
 " Feguantapeque (Tecoantepeque) R.and T. d.O. 232. C. 124, 2. 
 
 Teeth, where white, S. tv5. W. 111. O. 297.395. 427. Black, yet 
 found, 325. by chewing Betle, 319. S. 128. blacken’d with a Dye, 
 for Beauty, 41,2. Pickers for them of Spiders Teeth, C. 63. Ele- 
 phants Teeth, plenty, W. 111. fee Elephants. 
 
 Idol-Temples, Pagoda’s, where and what, O. 396. 411,2.5. 36, 7. 
 452. Mahometan, fee Mofque; Chriftian, fee Church. 
 
 ree bprov. of Tonquin, d. S. 2051.4 ah: i 
 
 Teneriffe, not fo high as Santa Martha,O. 42. fee Andes. 
 
 Tenpounders, fith, d. and where, C. 71. S. 128. 
 
 Laguna Termina, or of Tides, C. 51,2. 94. W. 92. 
 
 Fernate, 1. its Produ& and Trade, O; 311. 333. 447. fee Spice-Ie 
 
 Terreno's, hot Winds, d. 47,8. Cold ones, fee Harmatans. 
 
 Teftigo’e Hles and Currents, d. W. 102. 
 
 Thatching of Houfes,O. 254. C.79. 127.W. 110.8. 45.moveable,in 
 panes, 46. fee Palm, Palmeto, Roofs. 
 
 Thelupan, d. O. 251. f 
 
 Thieves, where, and what, S. 128, 9. O. 318. 528, 9. and how pu- 
 nifh’d, 356,7- 432. S. 80, 1.138,9. 140. 16g 
 
 Thiftles, great, where, O. 133. 
 
 St. Thoma, a Danifh tl. O. 45,6. St. Th. under the Line,W. 51. 
 
 Thongs and Tholes for Boats, of Manatee-hide, O. 35. 
 
 Thread of what, O.37-294,§- 315. aCommodity, where, C. 119. 
 
 Thumb Nail (the left) kept long, where, O. 326. 
 
 Thunder and Lightening, where, 0.16.79. (fulphureous fmell) 
 U31. 199.2250 332» 414.459. S. 155. 177. W. 52. 88. fee Lighten- 
 ing, Tornados. 
 
 C. Tiburon of Hifpaniola, Oranges, C. 6. 7. Currents, VV. 1or. 
 
 Tide, what and where, d. VV. 90 to 100. W. 44. 50, 
 I, 3. 66°70.0. 5+ 40, 8.50.82. 108. 119.133. 149. 151. 173, 4. 
 194, 8.238, 9+ 378:9- 382+ GOI. 435. 447. 460,9- S. 16,1,254,6. 106, 
 156,59. 170. C. §0,1. 108. fee Currents, Ebb, Moon. 
 
 Tidore, 1. Produét and Trade, O. 311. 333-447. fee Spice-I. 
 
 Tigres, where, VV. 109. 
 
 Tigre-Cats, d.and where, VV. 109. 
 
 Pulo Timaon, d.§. §. 109. 
 
 Timber, a Commodity, O. 96. 138. 140. 169. 170. what _usd,and 
 for what, 166,7. 360. fee Mafts, Trees. 
 
 Time, how kept, $.75, 5«O. 338. fee Day. Time of Year, fee 
 ¥eaft; Harveft, Moon, Ramdam, Seafon, Year. 
 
 Timor 1. high Coaft, O. 425. d. and Iles and Sholes near it, and 
 ‘Trade, 459. 460. Tree with ftrings,7b. 295, 
 
 Tin, Gafh of it, $.131,2- fee Tufaneg. (Ee) Tire, 
 
Ae General Index. . 
 Tire, thick four Milk eaten, where, S. 148. . 
 Tifpo in N. Spain, d. C, 127. : 
 
 Toads, where, S. 25. ‘at cay 
 Tobacco, us d and Entertaining with it, O. 328. 336. 385, 95 487. 
 a Commodity, 45.333.540. growing, Verina, 63. Manilla and Min- 
 danaian, 304. d. and whence, 333, 4. ; i 
 Tobago ; Tobafco : fee Tab. 4 
 Toddy and Toddy-Arack, d. and where, O. 2935 4. 480,6,8. 
 
 _ Tomaco R.and Village, O. 169.170. 
 Tompeque, Lagune and Village, C. 43. d. 127- 
 Tondelo R. C.120. d. 121.131. ie 
 Tongnin, Tunking, Stage thither, O. 394. B. of Tong. S. 6. 7. d. 8.9 
 104,5. Ifles in it, 9. 10. Tides, W.97. Tonquin Kingdom, its Rife, 
 S.66,7- Bounds, 8. 18. and Provinces, 16. d. 20,1,2.. fee Ngean, Te= 
 naa, Teneboa. Towns, how feated, 44,5. fee Cachao,Domea, Batfh 
 Rivers, 19. 20. chief R. fee its branches, Demmea, Rokbo. Coun 
 Soil, Profpetts, Mountains, Plains,8c. 11,4,9. 20,1,2. 3758,9+ 44 
 90. 100,5, Weather, Floods, Seafons and Harveft, 32,9. 49. §0,5¢ 
 149,W. 23.75. 83.Vegetables, C. 58.5. 14. 21. d.22, to §..45- 61 
 3,4: 90,2. Animals,21,2.d. 25,6,7- 30,1 47+ §8- 69. 73. 89. 92.Com 
 modities, 21,2, 4,5. 38,61,2,3, (imported) 4,5. 87, 9: 101. Matt 
 fadtures, 24,5,8. 39.d. 60, to 3. Arts and Contrivanees, 26,7,8- 45» 
 6575 9+ §9+ 6051;2,3. 70,153, to 7. 82.90, 6,7,8,9. People numerous 
 and poor,14.25- 37 to 42. 50,1. 64,5. 96, 9, their Manners and Qua 
 lifications, 12,4. 41,2. 50, 1, 3,5- 68,8. 71,8 81 to 52905 2. Ge 1008 
 Language, Writing and Learning, 23. d. $9.60, 7. 81. Buildings and 
 Furniture, Gardens, &c. 43 to9. §2,6,7. 90,1,4. Cloaths, Fafhions, 
 41,2,3. 72. Cufloms, 12,3,4. 37. 41, 2,5;6)7+ §0, tO 9.7152, 4 7, t0 
 85- 90,1, 2. 100. O. 375. Markets, Food, Cookery, Tea, Entertait- 
 ments, 409.S. 28. 30,1. §3,4,5. 90,1,2,3. 100. Feafts, Religion,ant 
 WVorthip, 0. 395,7. S. 53, § to 9, 67.91, 258, 6,7+ Trade, 135+ 20% 
 37+ 41525 50,1. 60,1,3,4,5. 86,7. 101,2,3. Coin, 60. 72. 82,8. 9 BS 
 ing and Boats, 14, 6. d. 74 to7. Government, Juftice,Punifhments 
 13,5,6.42+ 74, d. 77 to 83,5,8,9. The two Kings, and their Pal 
 47,8. 66,7,8. fee Boua. The €houa or governing K. his State, 
 42. §8.81,2,3. his Rife, Character and Family, 66,7, 8,9. Exac 
 tions, 65.85,9. VVealth, Stables, Artillery, Guards, Gallies, 69,to 77: 
 WVars, 21.67. 72,6. Officers, fee Eunuchs, Mandarins, For 
 Merchants, Factories, and Miffionaries, 12 to 5. 48,9. 93 to 103 
 Toona, Cochineel tree, fo called, O. 22 9. fee Cochineel, 
 Torches carried in a Heathen Proceffion, O. 397. 
 Tornado’s, d. and where, O. 31.44.79. 120. 131.211, 6, 7s 225 
 §247-322-450,1,3,8.S.155.C.21.55,W.6.7.8.9.14,8. 212355560304 
 $1,2° 79-80,1,3,4,6,7,8. fee Calms, Lightening and Thunder, 
 Yornato, Timber and Rains there, O. 140. | a 
 Tortovfe. Land, and its kinds, ( Hecatee, Terapen) d. and where, D: 
 BOT, 2. C. 32, 59,109. 118, Tortoife-fhell Beards, d. Q. 32+ what 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pelt. 
 
General Index. 
 
 beft, 103, 5. Oilofthem, eaten, rog. 110. fee Turtle. 
 
 Salt-Tortuga i. d. O. 58,6,7. French Tort. fee Petit Guavure. 
 
 Tower, Funeral, d. $.52. 91,2. Watch, fee Look-out. 
 
 Towns, Spanilh in America, how built, fee Parades, Churches, O. 
 219. on Precipices, 428,9. Malayan, &c. feeHoufes on Pofts. Ton- 
 quinefe in Groves, with Banks and Ditches, $. 14.44, 5. fee Mole, 
 Streets. See Forts, Harbours, Profpect pleafant. 
 
 Toys, a Commodity, where, C.119. fee fron, and 
 
 Trade, what and where, O. 22,7. 43, to 8. 55,9. 62. E15. 152. 
 179. 188.227, 8. 244, 5, 6. 261+ 277. 307,8. 3325 3, 4. 383, 8.399-- 
 400,1,5- 41758. 421. 431,4,5,7)9+ 447-456. 450. $39. Se 5.9. 13,5 
 203234, 5° 37-41,2. 50,1, 605153,4,5+ 86,7 Iol, 2, 3> 59 Ilo, 1, 3> 5° 
 127. 130, to 7. 142,5,6,8. 150 to 4, 8.162 to7, 9° 173,-4, 8. 182,3. 
 C.. 10515 8. 40,2,6,7,8288: 89679258. 110; 3, 9. 120,24, 0 7. F391. 
 W.73,4-108,9. to be eftablifhed, O. 64.235. 272, 3- 316, 7+ 331- 
 349- 350+ 383. 394. 439.477+480, 1.5. 3.5. 7- 102, 3, §. 182, 3. C, 
 131. W.108,9. reftrain'd, where and how, O. 188. 307, 8.8. 115,7, 
 8. 164,5,6,7- 173, 4. 183,4. Trade civilizes People, O. 325. 434. 
 $. 113,5,6. brings Oppreffion, i. but thrives by Liberty and Ho- 
 nefty, 116,7.161, 2. Language us‘d for it, fee Malayan. See Com 
 modities, Manufactures, Money, Shipping, &c. 
 
 _ Tradesand Employments, what and where, O. 331, 2.395» 409. 
 ~ §.130,1,5,6. 181. 
 
 Trade-wind, True or General, Coafting, Shifting, Monfoons, fee 
 among Winds ; 
 
 Train-Oil of Seals, Turtle, Porpuffes, fee Oil. 
 
 Trangambar, Danes and Moors, O. 506,7. S. 154,758. 
 
 Travelling by Land, bad, where, O. 14,5,6,759- 20, 35 7+ 235+ of 
 Fifh and Fowl, 393. fee Turtle. 
 
 ' Treachery,O 7 5. C.6.S. 173. fee Manners, bad, R. Laut. 
 
 Treats, fee Entertainments. TW iF 
 
 _.. Trees, Shrubs, &c. what and where, OQ. 11,8. 10%. E10, 2. 121. 
 132,5+ 150,1. 162,34. 172,5,7» 188. 194,6. 212.232;:3,5- 247525 538- 
 309+ 310. 380,2.°390,7+ 406.446. 426. 443,38. 463. 4725 3, 5,8. $326 
 GS: 5014.24. 64. 113. 123,4. 181. C. 32. 43. 5558,9+ 94. 1025 7, 8,94 
 120;1,3. W. 93,5. 109. torn. up by a Storm, 67.0, 322. floating in 
 the Sea, 230. Timber-trees,fit for Shipping ,Mafts, Yards,Canoas,&c. 
 29.87. 101.122.131- 169.191, 5.204. 213. 394. S. 24.64. ¥13. | 
 123, 4.181. C. 58,9.94. 102.W. 95. 109. fee Plank, Mafts. Yard. 
 See of ufe for Cloth, Cordage,Gun-fticks, Lances, Oars. Tree with 
 firings, O. 295. 450. a ¥ery great one, d..449. 450. Trees for Dy- 
 ing, fee Dyes: Fruit-trees, fee Fruit: Spice-trees, fee Spice. See 
 Aguala, Aloes, Betle, Cabbage-tree,Cedar,Cotton-tree,Cotton-bufh, 
 Dragon, Fir, Lack, Lance-wood, Libby, Palm, Palma-Maria, Pal- 
 meto, Pone, Silvefter, Tar-tree, Yoowa or Cochineel-tree, Turpen- 
 tine. See Bufhes, Groves, Woods. ; 
 
 Triangles, Mles in the G. of Mexico, C. 28, 45. : 
 
 hatin é [E2] Trinidada. 
 

 
 
 General Index, 
 
 " ‘Trinidada I. C. 126. Currents, W. tor, to 4. Turtles O. 104; 
 _ Feft 1. Harbour and Lagune in Cgmpeachy, C, 13. d. 17,9. 20, I. 
 4157, tO $3, 6. 81.92,3,4. 12258. 130. W. 34, §, 9.40, 4. 67. Tides, _ 
 
 E32: 
 z Tift \.by Sumatra, low, d. and its Coco-Nuts,&c. d. O. 474. 
 
 Tropicks, greater Heat there than at the Line, $.32. why, 33-aid _ 
 General Trade-w. flronger, W. 5. fee Zone. 
 
 Tropick: bird, d. and where, O. 53. 
 
 Trunks to fhoot Arrows with, O. 41. for Bee-hives, d. C. 142 
 Elephants-trunks,accounted a choice Difh,S. 31. 
 
 Truxillo,a rich T. O. 98. fee Guanchaquo, Malabrigo. 
 
 Tuffoons (Typhones) d. and where, S. 35, 6. W. 60. 71,258 
 
 Tunquin, Tanking, fee Tonguin. 
 
 Turbans, where worn, d. O. 326. 486. S. 129. 
 
 Turkey, Affes Skins how grain’d there, C. 73. 
 
 Turkeys, where, O. 546. C. 65. 85. 114. 
 
 Turmerick, usd to colour food, where, S. 129. 
 
 Turpentine, and Pitch made of it, where, S. 62, 2. is 
 
 Turtle, Sea-Tortoife, what and where, 0.2. 9,38,9. $5759 19" 
 d. 103, to 110, 133. 146. 159. 160. 181,2. 215, 276. 321. 378393 
 7+ 449-453, (very large) 4. 4639. S. 5,6. 27. 181. C. 10, 30, I. 73" 
 W. 4.5. 36.110. live long, O. 108. how and when they Coot of 
 couple, 7. 160. W. 4. 5. how they Travel and Jay, and where,0.75» 
 (and their Eggs) d.104, to 8. 215. (confirm’d) 393. C. 27+ 30,h 
 W. 4. 5. their food (Sea-Mofs, Turtle-grafs) 103, 4. d. 105. noneat 
 their Laying-places, 393. often rife to breath, ib. 108. (and blow 
 hard) 454. how ftruck or taken,35. (and Turtle-Irons or Pegs) 4.37" 
 105,8,9. fee Moskito-men. where fhy, 449. 453. 463. their fight 
 better than hearing, and beft ftruck im the night, id. Turtle-Nets, 
 what and where, 395. Suckiug-fith fticking to Turtle, 6g.andusd 
 for taking them, W. I10. Wears to keep them, 0.106. Oil of Sea 
 Turtle, ib. S. 6. Kinds of Turtles Tiunk-Turtle, a. 0. 103: 
 Loggerhead-T. d. ib. and where, C. to, Hawks- Bill T. (beft Tortoile- 
 thell, fleth of fome unwholefome, their feed, &c.) d. and where, 
 103, 4, 5- C. 73. Green-T. (largeft, beft meat, thin Shell for im 
 laying, eat Turtle-grafs,8c.) where, O. 38. (beft of all the W: Indies) 
 58. 103, to 7. (one very large, 103, 6.) 378. 393. S. 526.181 Br 
 ftard fort of Green-T. d. and where, O. 106. ¥60. and a {mall fort, 
 107. 133. 234, Land-Turtle, fee Tortoife. iy 
 
 Turtle-Doves, where, O. 39. de 103. 177. 276. 320+ 392+ o 26. - 
 128. C. 65. (whitc, dun, ground) d. 66. ) 
 
 Tutaneg, a fort of Tin, and Trade of it,S. 173, 8. ii 
 
 ~ 
 
 “ea 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 heca; 1. fee Ape 85! 
 Valderus (Balderas) d.O, 2589. 261. 277% ie 
 
 Vallenfuella (Venezuela) Lagune, de Q. 63. ; + 
 
 Valleys, rich, &c. fee Soil. yt an 
 rae ; yy ee Variation 
 
Conrad Index. 
 
 Yariation of the Needle, what and where, W. $3 ) 6+ O. 80,8.287,8,5 
 Doubling the C. G. Aope by it, 531. 
 
 Varnifh made of Lack,where,S. 61,2. 
 
 Pulo Uby, d. and Trade, O. 399. 400. $. 105. 
 
 Vegetables, fee Bufhes, Corn, Drugs, Dyes, Fruits, Herbs, Roots, 
 Trees, Weeds. 
 
 C. La Vela, its ‘Trade-winds, W. 17, 8. Breezes, 34. Currents 
 101, 4, §. Barlaventa-fleets coafting it, C. 126. 
 
 C. Alta Vela, its Winds, W. 35. 
 
 Venemous Creatures, fee Centipee’s, Galliwafp (Beaft like a) 
 Guano,Snakes.Fruit, Fins, Bones, 8zc. fee Poifonous. 
 
 LaVera Cruz, fee “Crug. 
 
 C. Verd, VVinds near it, VV. 7.9: 15, 6- 
 
 C. Verd Ifles, their Product, Portuguefe,occ. d. 0. 70, to 7. 
 
 Pulo Verero, d. S.157, 8. 
 
 Verina, itsexcellent Tobacco, O. 63. 
 
 Vermine of Negro’s and Indians, how bred, O. 538, 9. 
 
 Veffels, to hold Liquids, 8c. O.2- 10,6.294. 412. 490.C,115.fee 
 Bambo’s hollow, Baskets, Bumkins \Cabbinets, Calabafh, Chinam- box, 
 Cups, Earthen-ware, Jars,Ladles, S poons. For Navigation, fee ¢ Boats, 
 Canoa’s, Shipping. . 
 
 Vice, Smiths, none us’d, where, O. 332. 
 
 Villages, tax’d to provide Soldiers, where, §.71.how feated abun, 
 &c. fee Towns. See 
 
 Victualling-houfes or Inns at Tonquin, S. 100. 
 
 St. Vincent, 1. of the Caribbees,C. 5. 
 
 St. Vincent 1. of the C.Verd’s, O. 77. 
 
 Vines, Vine-yards, where, O. 532; $- fee Grape-tree, Wine. 
 
 Wild Vine, its Leaves good for Ulcers, where, O. 449. 
 
 Vinello’s, Plant and Cods, curing of them, and ufe, and aes to 
 be had, O. 38.124. d..23455..C. 123. 
 
 Virginia, its Cedars, O. 29. Ship-worms, 363. Cold N- Ww. Winds, 
 830. Tides, W.92. 
 
 Lignum Vite, where, O. $7. 
 
 Ulcers, Cure for them, O. 449. 
 
 St..Fohnd Ulhoa, Fort, d.C. 125. fee\(La Vera) Cre 
 
 Umbrello’s, where usd, 0.407. 
 
 Ungee, a Title (probably) at Tonquin, S. 81. 
 
 Voice, deep inthe Throat, where, O° 466, 9. 
 
 Volcans, their Eruptions accompanied with Storms, 0, 226, 
 throw out Pumice-ftones, 230. fee 
 
 Volcan Vejo,d.1 18,9. 216.feeVolcans of Colima Fospenattiala,L ees 
 
 Voyages, fee Courfe. See Dampier, Drake, du Quefne. Glanius’s 
 Noted, §. 125. \Zavernier's Brothers, $9-  Utenfils, fee Adds, 
 Anvil,Bambo’ s,Barbeu’s, Barklogs,Beacons, Bellows, Benches, Bob-: 
 Bricks, Broom, Canes, Chairs, Coals, Cordage, Dice, Flags, 
 Hammocks, Hives, Inftrument-Cafes, »Ladders, Pageants, Palan- 
 
 Mine’ - Paper, ema: Pickers, ae Plows, Powder, 
 Be oi 8 es Pumps, 
 
 { 4 5 
 
 Ud 
 
 
 
ea nse ey 
 
 WY. 106. fee Sea. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Pumps, Scales, Thongs, Thread, Vices. See Boats,Canoa’ s, Cloaths) 
 Fifhing- Inftruments, Iron, Lacker-ware, Maufical- -Inftruments ,Orna- 
 ments, Palmeto-works, Shipping, Weapons. 
 
 Vulgar Errours, fee Miftakes. 
 
 Wwe left among the I/thmus Indians, O. 18. and his Retu 
 from them’ naked and painted, 40. his Book referr'd to, 
 
 Winiae. the evil fo call'd by the Moskito-men, O. 9. é 
 Walking-Canes, whence, S. 178. 167. fee Canes. Cacao-walks, 
 C.111,2.d. 119. fee Cacao (and of Plantains) Plantains,Plantations, 
 Walls, what and where, O. 140. 218. 335.411. C.45. 118. 12]. 
 Man of War, Bird, where, W.66.and d. fee Man. . 
 Sibbel de Wards’ (Sebald de Waerdts) Mfles, d. ©. 80, ¥. 
 Wares, fee Earthen, Lacker, Manufactures: * 
 Warner s caufing a Breach with the Caribbee- Indians, C. 6. 
 Warree, wild Hog, where, O. 9. 39. 169. C- 59. 95 at 
 Wars among E. Indians, O. 325. 337-444. S. 21. 67, 72, 8 103, i 
 6, 8. 143,4,5,8. 176. fee Fighting. Be 
 Wafhing, for health, pleafure, or Religion, where, O. 322,9. 330% 
 343.S. 137. 148.180. 
 Watch kept in Streets, d. 5. 77,8. on Coafts, fee Look-outs. — 
 Water, ors for Ships, &c. where, 0.49. 50, 3. IOI. 10, to 3, 
 123.132, 4, 6."I41. 159. ve 172,457- 188. 198, 9.204. 212938. 
 23243, 4+ 241,2,4,9- 25455,8- 268. 274, 7+ 347+ 379+ 380, 2+ 393s dy 
 3,9. i 416-426. 436+ 443-472,8. 482, 490. $25. S. 4. 5+ 123,40 
 156, 7, 8. 164. 171,44 Ce 12+9.3255+ 4254. 50, 3. 109. 118. We 4b. 
 86, FOO. ‘where none, O: 49. 50.84.97. 148. C. 23, 9.30. 44, oY 
 fee Rivers. none but by digging Wells in the Sand, O. 453, 7. (Salt, _ 
 if dug deep) C.'50. 118. Brackifh in the Dry Seafon, O. 258. 27]. 
 C. 53. how kept then, 11. 56. 77-84. where gone then, O. 95,6, 
 497-198. 394,8.S. 35. taken up frefh at Sea, O. 42.5. 156. tobe — 
 done cautioufly, 157. Jars of it carried on Bark-logs, O. 142, 3. 2 
 valuable Commodity, 144,5- the common Drink of Indians, 431. 
 Prifoners confin’d to it,S. 78. {wampy and flooded waters uawhole- 
 fome, O. 5243 turning black inthe Cask,’ and ‘heated with the — 
 fumes of Pepper, 525. Aluminous or Copperifh, where, $3. War 
 ter breeding Worms in the Legs, 8c. C. 90. and’ Ship-worms — ot 
 (brackifh) O. 363. Spic'd water, 359. Bacter-wate fey i Sigs by them ‘ 
 in Guinea, Si 83. fee i 
 Waves, rolling one way, and Current underneath a contrary, om 
 
 
 
 * Bees-wax, a Commodity, and pine Oo. 333. wy C) Pa: 
 . Pulo Way, O. 499. d. S. 121, 2, 3. Banditti, 138,.9,-.-- - 
 ~ Weapons, what and where us'd,S. 70.113.176.W.108 4 Artows, s 
 Bows, Creffets, Curtana’s, Guns, Lances, Spears, Swords. a 
 ise: to sehe arcle whcre, 0. iad : ee gin hi vr! pe ase egy . 
 : We ey 
 
rT.” eee, ; Sawn ae bee oe, 
 
 General Index. 
 
 Weather, wet, dry, fair, hot, cold, what and where, d. profeffed- 
 ly, W.76 to 88. and 2.4. 6. 7. 8. 19, 20,1,2,7. 30. 40,1,5,7,8,9. Se, 
 
 25558 66, 8. 74- oO. 9455. 186. 321,2,3. h 31 to Gs 148, 9. Cc. 555 6. : 
 
 fcatter'd Obfervations or Inftances of it, O. 2. 4. 11,2,4,6. 21,2, 7. 
 31,9. 44. 79- 81,3. 94,5 108. III. 131, 2. 162. 173. 207.212, $36. 
 225. 230,2,3,8. 242. 251, §. 261, 7. 274. 281,3,5. 297. 306. 347, 8. 
 360. 378: 389+ 399+ 400, §. 413,5,6- 420. 437, 8. 450. 4725355+ 493, 
 to 9. 30254. 529. 530. $44. S. 16. 62. 90. 109.177. 180.C. 9. 225 
 23. 41. 79- 129. flattering Weather prefaging Storms, W. 68. O. 
 
 413. fee Storms. Moft flormy at N. or F. Moon, 416. fee Moon, See 
 Rains, Seafons, Winds. 
 
 Wedges, a Commodity, where, C. 41. 
 Weeds, none in deep Seas, O. 393. fee Chick-weed, Gramadael, 
 Grafs, Mofs, Purflain, Thiftles. 
 Weights of Achin, $.132. 
 Wells dug in Sand, where, 463, 7. Salt, ifdeep,C. 0. 118. 
 Well-Boat fafhion’d Jonks, d. O.412, 3. 
 The Weft Coat, that of Sumatra fo call'd, O. 476.its Pepper,S.182. 
 Iflands lying offit, &c. fee Sumatra. 
 Wefterly-wind Seafon, fee Winds Shifting. 
 Wheat, where growing, O. 532. Indian, fee Maiz. See Flower, 
 Guinea-Corn. - 
 Whip-Ray, fifh, two kinds of it, d. C. 73. fee Ray: 
 White Cacao, or Spuma, d.C. 111. 
 White Cock, a fee for a flrange Cure, C. 91. 
 White Lillies, where, C. 89. 
 Wigeon, Birds, where, $. 26. 
 Wild-bufh-men, Negros, d. and where, W. 108. 
 Winds Variable, fomewhat without the Tropicks,and Polar, VV.23. 
 C. 126.0. 70. 81, 2, 3.245. 351. §26, 8. 530. $44. Stated, in and 
 near the Torrid Zone 5 Tradewinds, d. VY. i 2. 26-31. 90. 100,3,6. 
 True or General at Sea, d. profeffedly, 2, to 11. occafional Obferva« 
 . tions, or Inftances, 32, 45.55,6. 81. 103,4. O. 55,7-63-7758- 81-100, 
 . 275+ 28153,455,6-290,1,8- 309. 351. 549. C.9. 21.48. 126. —Coaff- 
 . ing and Gonftant, d. profeffedly; VV-12, to 6. occafionally, 25, 8. 
 . §0, 8.789. 90. O. 2. 3.4. 6» 93,4. 100. 110, I, 9. 131, 2,359 142, 
 3,6 162, 7. 172;4+ 201, 2. 239. 267- 274,5 Shifting, d. pro-} 
 fefledly, VV. 17 to2§. occafionally, 15.72. O. 143. 178+186.198,96 
 . 207. 442,3,6- Monfoons, and their Benefit, &c. d. VV. 21, to 5.107. 
 (ftormy Monfoons, d.72, to §.O. 322, 40254. 494,to 9. fee Storms) 
 N.E. Monfoon, ©. 303.d. 321,3.370,8,9+ 3815359--399-437- 481,7,8- 
 490.5. 11.62. Log. 179+ S. VV. Monfoon,S. 11.0. 303, 6. d. 221,2 
 345,7,8- 353457: 399+ 40155. 413,'5)7+420- 437,8,9. 481, 7, 8. 499, 
 3,to 9. 540,7. (¥ Vefterly-wind Seafon inthe W. Indies, d. VY.17, 
 8,9-10r, 2. ©. 38, 9.44.) Dubious, Irregular, Stormy, &c. 405, 6. 
 4935455. 437-448.45153- 45859-46152. 472,3,5- 504. 5.4. 35-155578 
 %59- 170,7-C, 22, 8,9. 36,8. 129, Counter-winds, O. 351. it 
 laity 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 General Index. a 
 their Seafon, C. 21, 9. 39. 41,8. fee Norths, Seafons,Sterms.Breeges! 
 (Sea and Land) d. profeffedly, VV. 26 to 42. VV. 5.8. 18, 9.20,4, 
 597+ 50,8. 102,3-O. 2. 6. 119. 130, 8.186. 201,9. 218.240,6,7, 251, 
 2,7. 26257. 274+ 280. 321. 348. 450,1. 502. 548. $.12.32. 106.149, 
 156- 170y1,7. 180. C, 22.30,1,7. 55. Sea-winds, warm, O. $29. $30, 
 Land-winds, cold, 76. VV. 41,2. C.8. fee cold. whiffling winds pres — 
 faging Storms, VV. 61. 0.413. attending Spouts, 451, 2, 3. Temper 
 ftuous, fee Storms. Eddy winds from two contrary ones, VV. 81, 
 ‘ VVind and Sea rife and fall together, 531. Scabby winds, 63.fee6ar- 
 thagena-Br.Elephanta,Harmetans,Popogaios,Terreno’s, Summafenta-VVe 
 
 WVindows, what and where, $. 43. 172. 0.335. 
 
 VVine, made, what and where, 0.74. 532. and a Commodity,142 
 35+ 170. 194,6-214. fee Vines, Palm-wine. 
 ~. WVives, plurality of them, O. 334. 455. $14. S. $0.68. VV. HL 
 ‘where but one, O. 9.432. bought of their Parents, S. 50. VY.11fy 
 married early,C. 114. proftituted by their Husbands, O. 395. fee 
 VVomen proftitutes. Allowed free Converfation with Strangers, 
 327,8. 367,8. fee Pagilfies. Agreement with their Husbands, 432 — 
 influence over them, 13. Employments, 9.432. VW. 110. of Princes 
 S. 67,8. 0. 335. 514. fold by their Husbands, S. 50. gam’d away,42. 
 fee Manners, Marriage, VVomen. a 
 
 Old-VVives, Fifth, where, S. 128. aaa 
 
 VVomen, refpect fhewn them, S. 100. abus’d, 161. negotiating 
 Trade, 51,2. familiar with Strangers, 327. fee Pagallies: civil to 
 them, 12. 433. begging modeftly, ib. Natural Affettion,&c. 43253: 
 250, C. 115. Proftitutes, O. 365. 395. S. 13-0, 1. Dancing-VV¥o- — 
 men, 146. O. 340, 1,2. felling Tea, O. 409.5.31- Money-changets, — 
 60. 88.131. 142. all the VVomen Slaves,146. Perfotis,d..C.11g. fee 
 Bodies. Cloaths, 114, 9. O. 32, 427. VV. 111. fee Cloaths, Orne 
 ments. Love of Finery, O. 13. fee Wives. With little Feet, 327° 
 408. and large Calves, 32. fee Ornaments. 
 
 Womens-1. (Key Muger) in Campeachy, C.9. 10. 
 
 Woods, Wood-lands, Wood for Fewel in Ships, ¢c. where, O. — 
 11,4, 6.2%, 35- §8..89. 112+ 126,150. 162) 3x4» 7174575 Gel Obe 
 198.205.211,6,8.231, 25 9.24052, 9.250, 15 39 55 C0 8. 263, 9275+ 
 
 | 291-309. 335: 347. 378, 9-380, 25 4, 5+ 393, 9+4O2y 6.421. 442,300 
 45446 3-47 258.480.9.4.5.19220,25 4.4.4.105.128+14.2516 4.173 hel 80, 
 1.C.14.30,2,4. (Men loft in them) 83 to 7. (Ships lodg’d there by © 
 Storms, W. 70. C.) 92, 5,9-111,2:VV.46.86- 109..nOne, O, 106.G. 
 
 '4§- fee Trees. VVood for Dying, C. 57,8. fee Dyes. Beft for Lacker= 
 Wate,$.61,2.4. fee Lack. Drift- vood, g..O. 230. 
 
 WVood-lice or White Ants, where, S. 127. 
 
 VVooders, his Efcape from the Spaniards, Co19- F 
 
 __ Words, Names, Exotick, of Indians, Negroes,&c. 0.9. 143.321) 
 
 “8. 3595389.391.409°419.431-455.478. (479. fee Language.) 498,9» 
 $02, 758. $13, 4,5. $364 7+5.2338s 31+ $6. 8.153+3299e. 1329 Se EZE;399" 
 
 C. 10§. 7 
 World, 
 
 
 
 

 
 General Index. 
 
 Working, fee Log-wood-cutting. Work-houfes unhealthy,S.62s 
 
 World, fee Globe. 
 
 Worms, in Hides, C. 88. breeding in Mens Legs, &c. 89. d. and 
 Cure,90, 1. Silk-worms, where, S. 25. Ship-worms, where bred, 
 - Hurt and Remedy, O. 362, 3. 
 
 Worm-feed, aCommodity, S,61. and whence, 64. 
 — Worthip( Mahometan)alike in the E.andVVeft-I, Wi55.what at Ton- 
 quin, 8.57,8 fee Idolatry. See Religion, Idolatry, Mabometanifin. 
 
 Wound of Amputations, how cur’d, S$. 139. 140. 
 
 Wrecks, what and where, O. 50. 134° 148. 405,6.S. 27,8. C. 9253, 
 W. 63, 9. 70. Ship-wreckt Men Kept, where, S.7. 8. 
 
 Ams, Roots, where, O. 9. 12,4,8,9. 22.46,8. 75. I4¥.1§1.311s 
 BR 426. 433,5,7. $14. §46. 3. 22. 93.126, 181. C. 9. none, O. 
 480. 464, 6. \ 7 
 Yards of Ships, Timber fit for them, where, O. 394, 8. 171, 2. 
 Year, Seafons of it where diftinguifh’d into Wet and Dry, W. 26 
 S» 31, 2. New-year, when it begins, and New-years Fealt" at Ton- 
 quin, §3. fee Day, Time. 
 Ylo R. not perennial, 0. 95.5. 35. 
 Yucat an, fee Fucatan. 
 Yanam ( Funan) Province of China, its Site and Commodities,S.64. 
 Ve eh 
 Elifeo ( Xalifco) hill, d. O. 267. 
 
 Zone, Torrid, tts Seafons beft diftinguifh’d into Wet and Dry, 
 S.32.W. 2. yet the Weather various, even in the fame Latitudes, 
 77, &c. greateft Heat there, where and why, S. 32, 3. the Cavfe 
 of Land-Fleods there, and Nile’s overflowing, 34, 5. Rivers made 
 by the Floods only, ib. Weather, and Winds there, Storms, Tides 
 and Currents, fee the Scheme, W. 1. fee Equator, Oaks, Tropicks, 
 
 Tropick-Birds. 
 ERRATA. 
 Vol fi." Part 't. Part 2. 
 p> 3. 1. 16. r- has been p- 12.1. 30. for night, ¢. nigh, 
 4. 1.19. r. Coco-Nuts, 17. 1.14. blood, r. flood. 
 9. 1.17. r.as without. 19. 16.£-which is u‘ually,Scs 
 
 17.1.6. r. many years. 
 
 20. 22.70w, rina Tow. 
 39.1. 19.1. the Pacifick 
 
 g0.. 35. Shoots, r. Shoals 
 79.1. 36. 8. bare-headed; §2. 13.carried, r. careend 
 81.1.12.4r. fcaree a 34. 6. r.had not forgot their, 
 84, l.10. r. quinefe $6. 37. haftily,r-happily (8zc~ 
 91-1.32.r.broad at the ground: 94. 28. fometimes, r.fome of 
 95.1. 35. 1. page 477. 106.1. 6.r. This paft 
 
 98. 1.20. for Arek r. Coco. 109.L19,20.r.Trees;(here are, 
 100. 1. 26. of a perfon I. 22. 1r.8.Seas;)viz. (&c. 
 117. |. 11. have of a 110. 1.17, t,OfnabrugsKentinsy 
 ‘|. 27.8. their Forts. 423. 11. bluat, tr: bluff. 
 
 180, af the bottom, r. command E €] Part 3¢ 
 
 ye See tee ee ee re Say ee Spag ee e Tree ea eee! ee Se P erre ) eeee) ee 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Part 3. ‘INDEX. |) lm 
 
 gp. 6.1. 21.9. broaching to In the Advertifementy p. 1, 1. 15. 
 
 8.1.18. r. Bays and r. Defcrib’d, on 
 
 48. 1.12. r, comes from over { Courtiers,&c.r. S. 59. eK 
 
 §3.1.465.r.tocrofsthe: Curlews,&c.addlike them, W.ilo, 
 64. 1.18.r. in hopes Land, I. 3.1. 1234. good. 
 
 1. 36. for Coafts,r. Coats; | Languages, r. 431. 479. a 
 
 }. 28. r. we gain’d ese OE giers20. BOR. 4 
 
 75-1 4. r. Hurricanes and © | Man of War Bird, add, W. 66. — 
 Piura for Pinra = 
 
 , Poligamy,r.45 5.514. $. $0. 64. 
 . Rivers, r. not perennial = 
 
 SSS SEE SS NET 
 
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 —————Mifcellany Poems. mn 
 | Le2] Mr, 
 
 
 

 
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 % Sullen Lovers 
 
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 4 Virtuofo 
 
 5 Pfyche 
 
 6 Libertine | 
 
 7 Epfon VVells 
 
 8. Timon of Athens 
 
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