eh ile Fone Ve en SEEM i eaation ae Tit ate “Als f : : oy q Eye ay ete il a : § EIS hs te NOR Cae Seer, ee ee ee ee ae CR ts Beg OL ah hy Se a aoe ikea ae A ~ es he DBE Sp: ah en IE ag Ph tag ST ia tae sagt OL ES 8 a RO ee ek ae a ast rst ee, J y 4 sig 3 ss BEES " wf AR TS. sai Nicholas M. Williams Memorial Ethnological Collection f “ow, pam aman eits = SS aye Sipe aM, SIS ces iaeatpettn elialinon caeeae re ee Te a He } car ‘ | Ses ae B Ris ca) VS al 7 ey & \ ee s te A i a + - q Se ! | ia T be Englifb-American bis Travail by Sea and Land: |@ OR, A NEW SVRVEY % é | OF THE 7 if WEST-INDIAS,| CONTAINING é A Journall of Three thoufand and Three hundred Miles within the main Land.of AMERICA. & 7, é CELE CS SPSL OPEL SSP ee Wherin is fet forth his Voyage from Spain to S'.Iobu de Ulhus; and from thence to Xalappa, to Tlaxcalla, the City of Angeles, and forward to Mexico, With the defcription of that great City, as it was in former times, and alfo at this prefent. BE ® ay/ Likewife his Journey from Mexico through the Provinces of Guaxaca , Chiapa, Guatemala, Vera PaX , Truxillo, Comayagua, with his abode Twelve years about Guatemale, and e{peciaily in the Indian-towns of Adixco, Pinola, Petapa, Amatitlan. Asalfo his ftrange and wonderfull Converfion, and Calling from tho remote Parts to his Native-Counrrey. PIS GRIEF With his return through the Province of Nicaragua,and Coffa Rica, to Nicoya, Panama, Portobelo, Cartagena, and Havana, with divers occurrents and dangers that did befal in the faid Journey. ELEPLE LES PL LES: Hep A Lee 6s A New and exaé& Difcovery of the Spanifh Navigation to thofe Parts ; And of their Dominions, Government, Religion, Forts; Caftles, Ports, Havens, Commodities, fafhions, behaviour of Spaniards, Prielts and F'riers, Blackmores, Mulatto’s, Meftifo’s, Indians; and of their Feafts and Solemmnities. » Witha Grammar, or fome few Rudiments of the Indian Tongue; called, Poconchi, or Pocoman. By the true and painfull endevours of Tuomas Gace, now Preacher of the Word of God at Actis i# the County of Ka x zr, Anno Dom. 1648. London, Printed by R. Gotes, andare to be fold by Humphrey Bluwden at the Cattle in Cornhill, and Thoma Williams at the Bible in Little Briain, 1648, SEFESSIAITE ADIT DDSI DISSE IGT SSOP DSI ISI SITS IASG SSS 0 SHPSELELINS HLLLE a> To His Excelenoy ST HOMAS FAIRFAX Knighe Lord FAIRFAX. ERON, CAPTAIN:-GENERALL of the Parliaments Army; | And of all their Forces in E N GLAND ; and . the. Dominion of WAL E 8. May it pleafe your Ex CeLLEne ry RB He Divine Providence hath hitherto fo ordered my life , that for ibe greateft part thereof I bawelivedl (45 it were) in exile from my native 1G Countrey: which sa pie partly, by reafon BEA of my education in the Rowmifb Religion, and “ we that in forraign Daivinities: and partly, by my entrance into Moxafticall orders. . For twelve years fpace of which time, l was wholly difpofed of i in that part of America called New- Spaifr, and the parts adjacent. My difficult going thither, being not permitted to any, but to. thofe of the Spanifb Nation; wtylong flaythere 3 and laftly my returning home, not onely to my Country, but tothe true knowledg aud free-profeffz ff on of the Gofpels purity, gave me reafon to conceive, That thefe e great mercies were not appointed me by the heavenly Powers, to the end LI feould bury my Talent in the earth, or bide my light under abujbell, but that I fbould impart what I there fam and kuew to the ‘¢ A 3 es oe sae OSES ae What us Columbus off’red long agoe, Of the New-World a new difcoverie, | : Which here our Author deth fo clearly thow 4 That he the {tate which of thefe Parts would know, Need not hereafter fearch rhe plenteous ftore Of Hackluit, Purchas and Ramufio, Or learn’d Acofta’s writings to look o're; Or what Herera hath us told before, _ Which merit not the credit due from hence; _ Thofe being but reck’ningsof anothers {core, But cthefe the friits of felf-experience : Wherein our Author ufeth not the fence Of thofeat home, who doe their judgments leave, And after wandring farr with vaft expence, See many things, which they doe ner perceive Laborious are by ftudy much at home To know thofe Parts, which they came lately from. Lefs doth he ufe tis as the late writ Books Of journeys made unto the Lewaat-States 5 Wherein when we doe pry with curious looks, Of Greece and Troy to know the prefent fates; They tell us what Thacidides relates, What Strabo writes, what Homer crown’d with bayes, What Authors more, who have out-worn their dates, Befides what Plutarch and Polibius {ayes : So what they were, not what they are, they fing, And thew their reading, nor their travailing, But here our Author neither doth us cell, Or to us fhew one inch of Sea or Ground, Unlefs To tke READER. Unlef{s juch a&s which in his time befell, Or what his‘cyes faw' the Horizon. bound: He uttereth nought at all he heard by found, He {peaks not of a City ora Street,, But where hinifelf hath ofteri gone the round, And meaturedio're with his induftrious- feet, And yet it muft acknowlédg’d be for true, Since worthy Hawkins, and the famous Drake. Did firft prefent unto the Englith view This New-found-world, for great Eliza's fake; Renowned Lawleigh twice did undertake Wich labours great, and dangers not 4 few, A true difcovery of thefe Parts to maké} And thereof writ both what he faw and knew. But as the man who iti Ship doth pais Our narrow Seas, thé flowings of each tide, The Ships courfe, foundings, turnings of the glafs, What Land he makes on Nerth of Southern fide, He may impart: But who they be abide, Or what Religion, Langwage, or what Nation Poffefs each Coaft ¥ fince he hatch macverc cide, How can he make theréof a trué Relation? So thofe who have deferib’d thefe Parts before, Of Trade, Winds, Currents; Hurican’s doe tell, Of Headlands, Harbours, trendings of the fhore, Of Rocksand Hes: wherein they might as well Talk of a Nut, and onély thew the fhell; The kernell neither taftéd; touch’d nor {een Had yet remain’d; but thacit fo befell, That thefe Relations to us made have béen ; Differing as much from what before y have heard, As doth a Land-Map froma Seainans Card. But how thefe truths reveal’d to us thould bee, When none but Spaniards to tho le Parts may go; Which was eftablith’d by fevere Decree, Left Forain people thould their fecrets know : This Order yet to be neglec&eéd fo, As that our Author had permiffion free, Whofe Nation too they count their greatelt foe, Seemeth almoft a miracléto me, nent Sure To the READER. Sure the preicience ef that power Divine, Which fately to thofe parts did him convey ; Did not for nought his conftant heart incline There twelve whole years fo patiently to ftay é That he each thing exa&ly might furvay, Then him return’d, nay more did turn to us, And to him fhewd of blifs the perfe& way, Which of the reft feems moft miraculous. For had the laft of thefe not truly been, Thefe fair Relations we had never feen. Nor can I think bur this moft ufefull Book In time to come, may like fome new-born Starr, Dire& (uch Wifemen as therein will look, And fhew their way unto thefe Regions farr. And though we now lie junk in Civill war, Yet you the worthy Patriots of this Land, Let nor your hearts be drowned in defpair, And {fo your future happinefs withftand. For time will come you thall enjoy a Peace, Bur thenno longeryoumuftjoyinfinn; = «> When they no more hall raign, thele Ware fhall ceafé} And then your after blifs thall {oon beginn. The fiery trialls which you now arein, In ftead of foes thall prove your beft of friends, And you from fervile bale affeGtion win, _ To fit your hearts for high and Nobler ends : Your Drums which uf’d to beac their Martiall dance Upon the banks of Garone, Seine and Soane; Whilft you trode meatures through the Realm of France; Doe now at home (Ohgrief !) on both fides groane, Asif they did your ill {pilt blood bemoane ; Which long agoe with Richard, England's King, When he the holy Warr maintain‘d alone, Their dreadfull notes did through Fudea ring. Now fhail the tawnie Indians quake for fear, Their direfull march to beat when they doe hear; Your brave Red-Croffes on both fides difplay‘d, The noble Badges of your famous Nation, Which you yet redder with your bloods have made, And dy’d them deep in drops of deteftation. You ss a i a ie ie i eS amy rs A To the READER. You fhall again advance with reputation, And on the bounds of utmoft Weftern fhore Shall them tranfplanr, and firmly fix their ftation, Where Englifh Colours ne'r did fly before. Your well-built Ships, companions of the Sunn, As they were Chariots to his fiery beams, Which oft the Earths circumference have runn, _ And now lie moar’d in Severa, Trent, and Tews , ‘Shall plough the Oceanwich their gilded Stems, And in their hollow bettoms you convay To Lands inrich’d with gold, with pearls and gems, _ But above all, wheremany thoufandsRay — Of wronged Indians, whom you fhall fet free From Spazifh yoke, and Romes Idolatry. All this and more by you fhall fure be done, Yet Ino Prophet, nor no Prophets fonne. THOMAS CHALONER? LLLELESSEE GEL LL. LEG LOL ELE LE LSE SELESEREDDEEDET MEEEEETELOLES LELPEEPEILEL SELES OPI OES A AEERESE SES EASES TE SE EEE NEW SVRVEY OF THE. CHA. Boialliioy-2: | How Rome doth yearly vifit the American and Afian Kingdoms. HE policy, which for many yeares hath upheld the ae ‘0 Church of Rome, hathclearly and manifeltly been difcovere by the many Errors which in‘feverall times by fundry Sy- nods or Generall Councells , ( which commonly are bue Apes of the Popes fancy, will; pleaftare, and ambition ) havé been enagted into that Church. And.for fach purpofes doth that man of Sinne, amd Antichriftian tyrant, keep conftantly in Rome fo many poor Penfionary Bifhops as hounds at hig : table; fascling, out-hie asabitions thoughts 5 with whom he fills the Synods, when he calls them, charging them never to leave off barking and wearying out thereft of the Prelates, untill they have them all'as a prey unto his proud andambie tious defignes, from which if any of them dareto ftarc, not onely their Penfions thall befurely forfeited, but their fouls fhall bee curfed, and they as Hereticks Anathemati- zed with a Cenfure of Excomnuunication late fententie. Hence fprung that Maiter-piece of Policy.decreeing that the Pope alone fhould be above the'Generall Councell; let other- wife one Mans pride might be curbed by many headsjoyned together; - And fecondly, that Synodicall definition, thatthe Pope cannot erre, that though the Councels power, wifdome and learning were all fifted into one mans brain , all: points of faith traitned into one head and channell; yet the People thould not {tagger in any lawfull doubts; nor the learned fort follow any more the light of reafon, or the fuisfhirie of the Gofpel; but all yeelding to blind Obedience, and their moft holy Fathers infallibilicy > in the foggic and Cimmerian mitt of ignorance, might fecure their fouls from erring, or devia= ting tothe Scy#a or Charybdis of Schifm and Herefie: What judicious eye, that will not beblinded with the napkin of ignorance, doth not eafily fee chat Policy only hath been the chief A&tor of thofe damnable Opinions of Purgatory, Tranfubftantiation; Sacrifice though unbloody(as they term it)of the Mafé, Invocation of Sainte,their Cano- nization or inftalling of Saints into the kingdom of heaven, Indulgences, aaricular Con- feflion,with fatisiaGtory Penance,and many uch like:All which doubtles have been cont manded as points of Faith, not fo muchto fave thofe wretched fouls,as to advance that. _ evackt-brain head in the conceits of his European wonderers, who long agoe were efpyed outby the Spirit of Jobn wondring after the Beaft , worthipping him for his power, and faying,Who is like unto the Beaft, who is able to make Warre with him? Revel. 1 : an 394- Thus can Policy invent a Purgatory, that a Pope may be fouight from all partsof Europe, nay now from Eat and Welt India’s, to deliver fouls from that imaginary Firé which never God created, but he himfelfhath fancyed, thatfo much glory niay be afcri- bed tohim, and his power wondered at, whocan plunge into torments, condewin to burning, and when he liftjdeliver out of fire, Much more would he be admired, atid his B goodnefs 4 goodnefle extolled, if he would deliver at once all thofe his Purgatory Prifoners with= out that Simoniacall receipt of money. But policy can afford an infinite price and value of a facrifice of the Maffle, to delude the ignorant people, that. though they leave their whole eftates toenrich Cloyfters, and fat proud Prelatesand Abbots ; yet this is no- thing, and comes farre fhort (being finite):o that infinite Sacrifice, which onely can and muit deliver their fcorching, nay broyling fouls: And if this infinite Sacrifice be not enough,( which will not be enough, whereas Chrifts infinite fatisfaction was not enough in the opinion in that erroneous Church )Policy will give yet power to a Pope fi divitie afivant, if money and rich bribes abound, to grant fuch plenary Indulgences, which may upon one Saints day, er at fuch a Saints¢Altar, work that foul out, ‘which lyeth lurking and frying in the deepeft pie of Purgatory, O who is like unto the Beat? But witl chofe that wonder at him, bee alfo wondred at as workers of wonders and miracles? Policy will give power to a Pope to canonize fuch, and and fet them at Gods right hand, fit to be prayed unto, and called upon as Judges of our neceflitics, and Audicors of our wants: But thishonormutt be given, after that the whole Colledge of Cardinalls have been clothed with new Purple Robes, and Loads of money brought to the Court of Rom:; . Witnefs thofe many thoufand pounds, which the City of Barcelona, andthe whole Country of Catalonia {pent in the Canoni- ging of Raimundus de Pennafortya Dominican Fryer: Witneffe at leaft ten Millions,which E have beencredibly informed, that the feftiites {pent for the canonization of their two Twiris, Igeatius Loiola; and Francifew Xavier , whom they call the Eaft India Apoftle. And itis not {even years ago yet that it was my chance to travail from Frankford in Ger- many as far, as Millanin company ef one Fryer Fobn Baptift a Francifean, who toldme, That was the fourth time of his going to Rome from Valencia in the Kingdome of Arra= gon in Spain about the Canonization of one Fobn Capiftreno of the fame Order ; and that befides the great Almes which he had begged over many Countreys, (andin thatjourney went purpofely to Infpurg to the Prince Leopolda for his Almes and Letters of commen- dation to the Popeand Cardinals) he had{pent of the City of Valencia onely five thou- fand Duckets, and yet was not his Saint enthroned, as he defired, inheaven; But Rill gmoney was wanting,and more demanded forthe dignifying with a Saints title him,who had lived a Mendicant and begging Beier. Thasare choles bliaded Nations brought by Policy to run.to Rome with rich treafures, and thus dee they ftrive who fhall have moft Saints of their Countrey or Nation) though impoverifhing themfelves; whilft ac Rome ambition and Policy fay not, Itis enough,fit mates for the Horfleech his two daughters, crying, Give, give, Prov.3.@.15« Give, fay they, and the rigid Penance juftly to be impo- fed upon thee for thy tinnes moft hainous, fhall be extenuated and made eafie for thee. Give, fay they, and thou fhalt-bedifpenfed withto marry thy neareft Kinfwoman or Kinfraan. It would bea long ftory to infert here how the Popes-Policy fucks out of England our gold and filver for the authorizing of our Papifts private: Chambers and Altars for the gaining of Indulgences ia them,and delivering of fouls out of Purgatory, when Mafles arefaid andheard atthem. Thus hath Remes policy blinded and deceived many of the Exropean Kingdomes's-and with the fame greedinefle gapes at Afi2 and America. Who would not admireto fee that at this day in America onely 5 the Popes authority and ufurped power isextended toas many Countreys as all Ewrope containes, wherein no Religion but meer. blinde Obedience and fubjection to thet Man of Sin is known ? And daily may it more and more encreafe,whereasthe King of Spain gloryeth to have received from the Pope power-over thofe Kingdomes farr greater than any other Princes. of Europe have enjoyed fromhim. But the pity is,chat what power thefe Princes have, they mutt acknowledge it from Rome, having given their own power and ftrength unto the Beaft, Revel.17. 13. fuffering themafelves to be divefted of any Ecclefiatticalt power over the Clergy, andunabled to tender any Oath of Supremacy and Allegianceto their own and naturall fubjeGs, onely fo farre as his Holineffe thall give them power. Which, Policy fince the firt Conqneft of the Weft India’s, and ambition to advance the Popesname, hath granted tothe Kings of Spain, by a fpeciall title, naming thofe Kingdomes, E/ Patrimonio Real, The Royall Patrimony; upon this Condition, that the King of Spainmutt maintain there the preaching of the Gofpel, Fryers, Priefts and Jefuitesto preach it with all the erroneous Popifhdottrines, which tend to the advance ment of the Popes glory, power, andauthority.. Sethat what power hee hath diveited himfelf of, andinvelted the Pope with; what power other Princes are divefted of , — va A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. the King of Spain in his Kiagdomes of Europe, frommedling in Ecclefiafticall affaires, or with Pcclefialticall men; Arch-Bifhops, Bifhops, Preifts, Jefuices, Monkes and Fryers; that {ame power by way of Royall Patrimony is conferred upon him in the India’s only. And this only politickly to maintain there Popery;elfe never would it have fo much increafed there;tor pocr Preifts and mendicant Fryers would never have had means enough to be atthecharges of fending yeerly Flockes and Sholes of Fryers thi- ther, neither to keep andmaintain them there, neither would the covetoufnefle of the Popes themfelves have afforded out of their full and rich treafaires, means fufficient for the maintaning of fo many thoufand Preachers as at this day are preaching there, more Rom: and Antichrifts name,then thename of Chrift and the trath of the Gofpel. And policy having thas opened way to tholé e4erican parts, the charges thus being laid upon the Crown of Spaiw, and the honour of a Royall Patrimony, with power over the Clergy thus conferred upon the Kings of Spin; how doth the Pepe yeerly charge the Catholike King with troopes of Jeuites and Fryers to be conveyed thi- ther? Nowthe Jefuites (the beft{cholars of Romes policy ) feeing this to bee thus fetled between the Pope and the King of Spain, forthe increafing of their Order, and to fuppreffe theincreafe of other Religions there,have thought, frftof a way of chal- lenging all the India’s to themfelves, alleadging that Francis Xavierius companion of Ignatiws Loiola was the firft Preacher that ever preached inthe Eaft India’s, and fo by right chat they being of his profeffion ought only to befent thither.But this their way being {topped by the oppofition of all other Religious orders, efpecially by the folici« tation of one Fryer Diego Colliado, a Dominican, as hereafter I will thew more large- ly: Now,fecondly,their policy is to leanemore tothe Popesof Romeythenany other of thofe Orders, by a fpeciall Vow which they make above thethree Vowes of other orders, Poverty, Chattity, and Obedienceto theirfuperiors; to wity to be alwaies ready to go to preach when or whither foever the Pope hall fend them,and toadvance his name, defend his power in what parts feever, maugre whatfoever danger, or op- pofition, Thus though the remoteneffe of America may difcourage other Orders from going thither to preach , and their freewill which is left untothem to make choice of fo leng and tedious a journey may retard their readinefle. andthedangers of the Bars: barians unwillingnetlc to fabmicte a Popes power; and admit ef anew Religion as {u< perftitious as their own, may affright them from hazarding their lives among a barba< rous, rude, and idolatrous people ; yetif all others faile, the Pope, and the Jefus — ites being thusagreed, andthe King of Spain bound by the new Royall Patrimony, Preachers have not, norfhall ever be wantingin thofe parts: Andin fteadof the old Jefuitesand Preachers grownin ages yeerly are fent thither Miffions( asthey call them) either of Volunticrs, Fryers mendicante, Preifts or Monkes, orelfeof forced Jefuites: All whichentring once into the Lift and Bond of Miffionaries, muft abide there,and be maintained by the King of Spain ten yeers, And whofoever before the ten yeersexpired, fhall defire to fee Spain again, orranagate-like fhall return, may be conttrained (if takenin Spaix ) to return again to the India’s, as it happened whilft Lived in thofe parts, toone Fryer Peter de Baleazar a Dominican, who privily fly- ing back to Spain, was the year after fhipped, and reftored againto his forced fervice under the Pope of Xone. And thus doth policy open the wayes to thofe remote and forain parts of America. Thus hath policy wrought upon'the Kings of Spsim; and Jefuiticall policy meeting with Antichrilis policy and Ambition, doth Rome yeerly vifit her new nurted Children, greeting that InfantileChurch of Afia and America with troopes of meflengers onc afier another, like Jobs meflengers, bringing under pretence of falvation , damnation and mifery to their poor and wretched fouls. CHAP. Il. * ‘ Shewing that the Indians wealth under a pretence of their Converfion hath cor- rupted the hearts of poor begging Fryers, with fivife, hatred, and ambition: | Tisamoft true andcertain faying, Odis Religionum funt acerbiffens, hatred groun- dedin points and differences of Religion ( let me adde, if ambition blow the fire to that hatred ) isthe moft bitter and uncapable of reconciliation. Nay, it if an obfer- B32 vation! Aye ne RR OT LRN SRE NRCC a New Survey of the VVekt-Indies. a vation worth noting.of fome (fee Do&tor Day upon thes Cor, 16.9. Verfe ) that the neerer any areunto a conjuntion in matters of Religion, and yet fome difference re- tained, the deeper isthe hatred; As hee obferves, a Jew hatesa Chriftian tarre worfe then hee doth a Pagan, ora Turke; a Papilt hates a Proteitant worfe then hee doth a Jew, and.aFormalift hatesa Puritan worfethen bee doth aPapift. Nofuch hatred under heaven .( faith hee) as thatbetween aF ormalift, anda Puritan , whereof our now Domettick and Civill Warres may bee a fad and woefull experience, A truth which made Paw! burft out into.a lamentable complaint, 1Cor,16.9. laying, 4 great doore and offectwall is epened unto mee,and there are many adver faries. And as when. the doore of true Faith once is opened, then Adverfaries begin to fwarmeand rage; fo inallpointsof falfeand fained Religion where the entrance to it islaid open, hatred and enmity will a& their parts. But much moreif with fuch pretended. Religion, Wealth and Ambition as counterfeit Mates. thruft hardto-enter at theopened doore, whatftrife, hatred, and envy doe they kindle even in the hearts of fuch who have vowed poverty and the contemptof woildly wealth? I may adde to what hath beene obferved above, that no hatred iscomparable to that which is, be- tweene a Jefuice and aFryer, or any other of Remes Religious Orders; And above all yet betweenea Jefuite, andaDominican. The ambition and pride of Jefuicesis in- confiftentin a Kingdome or Common-wealth with any fuch as may bee equall to them in Preaching,Counfell or Learning. Therefore ftrive they fo much for the-education of Gentlemens Children in their Colledges, that by teaching the fonnes, the love of the fathers and mothers may bee more ealily gained: and their love and good will thus gained, they may withall gaine to themfelves, whatfoever praife, honour, glo- ry may bee fcto beebeftowed upon anyother Ecclefiafticall Perlon. Which Policy and Ambition in-them being fo patent and knowne to all the World, hath ftirred up in all other. Religions a hatred to. them uncapable ever of Reconciliation. This hath made themallto confpire againft them, and.to difcover their unfatisfied covetoutneffe in beguiling the rich widowes of what meancs hath, beene. left them by their deceafed husbands, to. ere&tand build thofe ftately. Colledges beyond the Seas, the fight where- of both outward.and inward doth draw the ignorant people, to refort more to their Churches and preaching then toany other. Thus whilelbin Veni, they got the fa- your of one of the chief Senatours of that Common-wealth, they politickly drew him to make his.will accordingto their will and pleafure,leaving to his. fonand heire no more then what they fhould think fit to afford him. But they appropriating to them- felves the chiefeft part of the young heices meanes, and with fo proud a legacy think- ingto. overpower all other Orders, were by them oppofed fo, that the Will was called for by the wholeState and Senatours of Vexicefully examined, and they commanded to reitore to the heise the whole Eftate asenjoyed by his Father. Well did that wile Senate cenceive, thatas one Noble man had been cheated by them of his fortunes,fo might they.one by one, and foatlength the riches of Venice might become a treafure onely. for Jefuites to. maintaine the prideand pompe of their glorious fabricks. And though thofe vowed fervants to the Pope obtained his Excommunication againft the whole Eftate of Venice upen non-complying with the forefaid Will and Teftament; yet fuch wasthe preaching of all other Preifts and Orders againft them, that they caufed the State to.flight the Excommunication, andinliew of making them heires-of the. deceafed Senatours Eftate, they fhamefully banifhed them out of Venice, Thus alfo havethe: Preifts and Fryers of Bifésyain Spain prevailed againtt the admitting, of Je- {uits into. San-Sebaftian.though by the favour of fome they fave in feverall occafions ob- tained an houfe and erected.a Bell to ring and fummon in the People to their pretended Church and Colledge. Nay the very houfe wherein their Patron Ignatius Loiola lived, havethey often ferioufly offered to buy fora Colledge ; yet fuch hath been the oppo- fition of the Preiftsand Fryersof that Countrey, that they have dafhed to nought their ofteniterated endeavours to purchafe that which they efteem theirchiefelt Relique. But tocome neerer to our owne Countrey, what acombultion did this firife betweene Jetuites and other Preifts of Exglandcanfe among our Papifts ten yeares agoe, when the Pope fending into, Exgland Do&tor Smith pretended Bifhop of Chalcedin to bee the Metropolitan ‘head over all the Clergy and other Orders, howthen wasitto {ee the pride of che Jefuites. as inconfiftent with any one that might overfway them, or gain more credit then themfelves?. who never left perfecuting the Bifhop, till by the Popés . fry A New Survey of the VVeft-lndies. 5 Popes Letters they had banifhed him out of Exzland. Which curtefie,the fecular Preifts gaining yet ahead over them with title of Archdeacon, Door Champney, have ever fince fought to repay home, by endeavouring alwayes to caft them out of Exgland, as pernicious tothe State of this Kingdome, more then Fryers or any other fore of Preilts ; Which they have fufficiently made known by difcovering their covetoufnefle in encroaching upon many Houfes and Farmes, enriching themfelves, as namely at Winifreds Well (10 tearmed bythem) wherethey had boughtan Inne, and {peedily fell to building there thatthey might make ita Colledge for Jefuites to entertaine there all Papiftscomers and goers to that Well, and fo might. winto themfelves the hearts of moft of the Papilts of the Land, whodoe yearly refort thither to bee wafhed and healed upon any light occafion eicher of Head-ach, Stomack-ach, Ague, want of children, where they blindly phanfiea fpeedy remedy for all maladies, or wants of this Werld. Thus havethe Preifts difcovered further our Englith Jefuites. covetouf- nefle in the building of the Sope-houfes at Lambeth under the name of Mr. George Gage their purfe-bearer,and fince projecting the Monopoly of Sope under Sir Richard Wifton, Sir Bafil Brooke, andmany others names, who were but Agents and Traders with the Jefuites rich and mighty Stocke. Thus came out the difcovery of the Levelling of | Hils and Mountaines, cutting of rocks at Leigein the Lew Countryes at the Colledge of the Englifh Jefuites, a worke for Gardens and Orchards for their Novices recreation and paftime, which ( asI haveheard from their owne mouthes) coft them thirty thoufand pound, which gift they {queezed out of one onely Countefle of this Land; Like to this may prove their Colledge at Gaunt, for which they have obtained already a faire beginning of eight thoufand pounds from the Old Countefle of Shremsberry, and from the greateft part of the Eftate of Mr. Sackefiedd, whom whilft chey had him intheir Colledges, they cherifhed with their belt dainties, and with hopes that one day hee fhould bee a Canonized Saint of their Religious Order, All the(e knaveries doe even thofe Preifls of thefame Popifh Religion difcover of them, and thereby endeavor to make them odious. And though of all, the Jefuites be the moft covetous, yet may T not excufethe Secular Preifts, Benedi&tine Monks, and the Fryers from this damna- nablefinne; who alfo ftrive for wealth and meanes for their. Doway, Paris and Lisbbe Colledges, and lofe ne opportunities atthe death of their Popith favourites for the obtaining a Legacy of ene or two hundred Pounds, affuring them their foules fhall bee the better for their Maffles. Thus doe thofemiferable wretches inthe very heat of their zeale of foules{eeketo {upprefle one another, and having vowed Poverty; yet make theythe Converfion of, England the onely obje& of their Ambition and unfatiable Covetoufnefle. Butaboveall isthisenvy and hatred found between Dominicans and Jefuites, for thefe owe unto theman old grudge,for that when Igeatia Loiola lived,his Do&rine de Trinitate ( which hee pretended was revealed to him from heaven, for hee was certainely paft the Age of ftudying at his Converfion ) was queltioned by the - Dowinicans, and hee by a Church Cenfure publickly and fhamefully whipped about their Cloifters for his erroneous principles: This affront done to their chief Patron hath ftirred up in them an unreconciliable hatred towards the Order of the Dominicans, and hath made them even cracke their brainesto oppofe Thomas Aquinas his Do€trine. How fhamefully doe thofe two Orders indeavour the deftrudtion of eachother, bran- ding one another with calumnies of herefie in the Opinions efpecially de Conceptione Marie, de libero arbitrio, d: Auxilis? And of the two,the Jefuites is more bold andob« ftinate in malice and hatred, How did they fome twenty yeares agoe, all Spaine over, a- bout the Cenception of Afar ftirre up the people againft the Dominicans, in fo much that they were in the very ftrects tearmed Hereticks, {tones ca(t at them, the King almoft perfwaded to banifhthem out of all bis Dominions, and they poore Fryers forced to ftand upon. their Guard in their Cloifters in many Cities, efpecially in Sevill, Ofuna, Antiquera and Cordove,to defend themfelves from the rude and furious multitude. Much like this was that publike Conference and difputation betweene Valentia the Jefisite and Mafter Lemos the Dominican, before the Pope, concerning their altercation de Auxilia 5. When the cunning Jefuite hoping to brand with kerefie the wholeOrder of Domini- cans, hadcaufed 4uguStines Workes to bee falfly printed at Lions, with 'fuch words which might dire@ly oppofe the T boméfts Opinion ; and had prevailed, had not Lemos. begged of the Pope that the Originall Bookesof Auftia might bee brought out of his Va- _tican Library, where was found the quite contrary words; to what the falfe a B 3 : na A New Survey of t Se RE = = ——— he Welt-Indics. had caufed to beprinted ; hee was forced to contefle his knavery, was har{hly repre- hended, and with theapprchenfion of that great affront, the next night gave up his ghoft te his father, the father of lies and falfhood. An other reafon of this mortallenmity between thefe two Orders, is for that the Jefuites farpaffe all others in ambition of honour , credit, and eltimation, whence it is they cannot indure to behold the Dominicans to exceed them in any preferment. Nowitisthat bythe Laws of Arragon and theKingdome of Valencia, the Kings of Spaiz are tied to havea Dominican Fryer for their Confeifor or gholtly father;which could bit the Jefvites obtain, how would they then rule and govern Spain and the Kings heart? But chough they could never yet prevail to alter thiseftablithed law, yer have they prevailed now lately fo that Antonio de Svtomayor the King of Spins Contef~ for fhould lie at reft in the Court of Adadrid, witha penfion and dry title only; and that Ferencia that grand Statift fhould be Confeffor co the Count of Olivares, the Royall Iffue, the Queen,and fhould hear the Kings confeffions oftner then his chofen and ele&ted Confeflor Sotomayer. Secondly,the Dominicans as firft Authors of the In- quifition ( which they prove from their Martyr Peter of Verona) {till enjoy the higheft places of that Court, which isa wofull fightto the Jefuites to fee their Religion af- fires handled, their Church kept pure from what they call herefy by any but them- felves. © hadthey (as they have often ttrived for it) in their hands the judicature of that tribunall, how thould all Dominicans,nay all forts of Preifis but their own, prefently by them be branded with herefy?. Thirdly, in Romethereisan other prefer- ment fucceflively due to Dominicans,fromthe time of Dominicus de Guzman founder of that Religion,to wit,to be sagifter Sacri Palati,the Popes Palace matter, inftituted to this purpofe that about himthere may be fome learned Divine( for commonty the Popes are more Statifts,and Canonitts;then Divines ) to read a daily lefture of Divinity to fuch as will be inftru&ted cherein,and to refolve the Pope himfelfe of what{oever dif- ficult points in Divinity may be queftioned. Thisis the Dominicans due with a penfi- onto maintain Coach and fervants within the Palace of S+ Peter. Which the Jefuites have often by favourand cunning Jefuiticall trickes endeavouredto bereave the Domi- nicansiof; but proving labourinvain, they continue ftill in their unplacable enmity and hatred againftchem. And thus you fee the-fountaines of their ftrife; which as here in Bwrope hath been well feen, fo hath this contentious fire overpowered thefire of their zeal of foulesin the Zaft and Weft-India’s; and the wealth and riches of thofe Countries, the ambition of honor in their Gofpel fun&ion hath more powerfully drawn them thither;then(what they pretend)the converfion of a barbarous and idola- trousnation.T his was well publifhed to the view of the whole world by a moft infa- mous libel which inthe year 1626.tryer Diego dz Cofiado a miflionary Fryer in Pbilippi- nes and Fapan fet out of the unheard of paffages and proceedings of the Jefuites in thofe Eaftern parts. Acthat time the Jefuites pretended that miflion to themfelves only , and petitioned the King of Spain, that only they might go thither topreach; having been thefirft plantation of Francifews Xavier, and fince continued fucceflively by their Preifts.’ Tothis purpofe they remembred the King of the great charges he was at in fending {o many Fryersand maintaining them there, ail which fhould be faved,might they only have free ingreffe into thofé Kingdomes. All which charges they offered themfelves to beare, and further tobring upthe Indians in the true faith , to inftru& them and civilize them, to teach them all liberall {ciences , andto perfe& them in mu- fick and all muficall inftruments, and in fencing, dancing, vaulting, painting and what- foever elsmight make them acompleat, and civill people, But againftall this was ob- jeCted by Diego Colliado,chat notzeal only and charity moved them to this offer,but their ambition and covetoufnefle, which would foonbe feen in their encroaching upon the filly and fimple Indians wealth; bringing inftancesof many thoufand pounds which they had {queezed from the poore Barbarians in the Mflands of Philippinas , And that their entring into fapan was more toenrich themfelves, then to convert the 7aponians to Chriftianifme; that whenfoever they entred into the Kingdome they conveyed from Manila whole {hips laden with the richeft commodities of thofe Iflands; that their tra- ding was beyond all other Merchants trading, their Bench for exchange mony farre more accuftomed then any other whither for China, tor Fapan,for Pern and Afewico; and that the Viceroy himfelfe madenfe of none other, but theirs. Thatto keep out all other orders out of Fapan, they had ingratiated themfelves fo farre , under pretence of i FN eee er : VE OT ce ny ce pi > ian d a i a aa vas ? are . ¢ N x f t New ureey the Wet-Indics. of trading, intothe Emperours favour by gifts of Watches, Clocks, Dials, Lockes, and Cabinets, and {uch like prefents of moft curious and artificiall Workmanthip,that they had got freeaccefleto his Court, and counfelled himto beware of Fryers, which cunningly crept into his Kingodme to preach a new law, perfwading him by rigorous fearch and enquiries to rcot them out:thus politickly for their own ends hindering the increafé of Chriltianifme by any nieans or inflruments fave themfelves ; andblinding ‘the Emperors eyes with their cunning infinuations,that he might not fee in them what they defired he might difcover in others, thatthey might appear in fheep skins, and others clothed with wolvesskins; and fo the Fryers might havelittle heart to trade, but enough to doe to fave themfelves from the ftormy perfecution, whilft they freely mightenjoy theliberty of rich trading. This brand upon thefe cunning foxes was: commanded to be printed, thankes given to Diego Coliado for difcovering to the Eftate their crafty proceedings, with not a fewtenents maintained by them in Japan even a- gaint cheir owneSoveraigne ; a fat Bifhoprick wasoffered tothe Fryer, which he refu- a, fing, commiffion was given unto him for che railing of forty Fryers out of Spain, and the condu&ting of them tothe Iflands of Philippinas, and that it fhould, be free for all Preifts and Fryers, as wellas Jefuites,to paffe to thofe parts for the preaching of Chrift and the extending of Chriftianifme among the Heathens and Barbarians. O that this my difcovery made to England of thofe diflembling and falfe Preifts , would make us | wileto know and difcover under the afhes of their pretended Religion, the fire of ftrife and contention which they kindle in Kingdomes, and to rake up that covetoufneflc, which we may ealfily find inthem, tending totheruine of many fair eftates,andto the temporal] and {pirituall danger ot this our flourifhing Kingdome ! ~ CHAP. IIL. Shewing the maaner of the Miffions of Fryers and Fefuites tothe India’s. Allthe Kingdomes of Americe, that have been conquered by the Kings of Spain, are divided as into feverall temporal] governments, fo into feverall fpiriwaall juril- di&ions, under the name of Provinces, belonging unto feverall religious Orders, and their Provincials. _ Thefe though fo farre diftant from Ewrope, yet live with a depen- dency and fubordination unto theCourt of Rome, and are bound to fend thither a ftri& account and relation of what moft remarkable paffages and fucceffes happen there, asalfo what want of Preachers there is in every feverall Prevince. Which is to be performed in this manner. Every religious Order ( except the Jefuites and Domi- nicans, whofe Generall continueth till death, unlefle a Cardinals cap be beftowed upon him) maketh ele&ion of oné of the fame order to be the head Raler, or( as they call him)Generall over all chofe of the fame profeflion every fixth year. The fubje&s untothis Generall which are dilperfed in Italy, Germany, Flanders, France, Spain, Eaft and Weft-India’s aredivided into fundry Provinces,as in Spaiz there is one Province of Andaluzia , another of Caftilianmva, new Caftile, another of Caftilia vieia, old Caftile, another of Valencia, another of Arragos, of Afurcia, of Catalonia; So likewifein America there isthe Province of Mexies, of Adechoacan, of Guaxaca,of Chi-- apaand Guatemala, of Comayagua, Nicaraguaand the like. Every Province of thete hath a head named the Provinciall, chofenby the chief of the Province every three ’ years, which ele&ion is called a Provinciall Chapter,and the former a Generall Chap- ter,which alfo is allotted to be in fome chief City,commonly in Italy,France, or Spain. When the Provinciall Chapter is kept,then by the confent of all that meet in it isthere one named by nameof Procurator or Diffinicor, whois to goe ia the name of the whole Province to the next eleXion of theGenerall; and thereto demand fuch things ~ as his Province (hall think fit, and to give an account of the ftate of the Province fromm whencehe isfent, Thus fromthe Weft-India’s are fent Procuraters, who commonly ‘ are the belt prizesthe Holand thips meet with, for that they carry with thems great _- wealth, and gifts to the Generalls, to the Popes and Cardinals and Nobles in Spain, as bribes to. facilitate whatfoever jut orunjult, right or wrong they areto demand. Among other bufineffes their chargeis this, to make knownthe greaé want of labo rers a a al. PO A ON SW RRNA ER ter ed oS a SR 2 id ," A New Survey of the VVeft-Indies. rers incheaboundant and plentiful! harveft of the Ivdia’s (chough not all Provinces demand Preachers trom Spain, as 1 will thew hereafter). andto defirea number of thirty or forty young Preilts, who may be fit for any Inaéan language and to fucceed the old ftanders. The Order of the Province being readto the Generall, or his Generall Chaptersthen are Letters Patents granted unto this Procuratorfrom theGenerall, naming him his Vicar Generall for fuch a Province., and declaring his fufiiciency and worthy parts, (though noneatall in him, as LT have beene witnefle of tome) the great paines hee hath taken inthe new planted Indian Church, and how fit hee hath been judged to convey to thofe parts, a Miflion of {uch as {hall voluntarily offer themfelves for the pro- pagation of Chriltianity amongft thole Barbarians. Thenthetauny Indian Fryer be- ing well fet out with high Commendations,and fairly painted with flattering Elogies, prefents thefe his Patents (and with them peradventurea little wedge of Gold, a Box of Pearles, {ome Rubies or Diamonds, a Cheft of Cochinill, orSugar,with fome boxes of curious Chocolatte, cr fome feather works of AZechvacan, {ome {mall fruits of his great painesand labour) tothe Pope; who for his fir reward gives him his. Toe and Pantofie to kifle, feconding this honour with a joyfull countenance to behold an A- pottle, judging him worthy of the belt of the Indian wealth, and bis foule peradventure fit for the title of a Saint; This complacency in the gift and the giver, breeds imme- diately a motus proprivs in his Holineffe to granta Bull with a degree of the Popes Commiflary, wherein this poore Mer dicant Fryer is inabled to runne over all the Cloifters of his Profeffion in Spaz, to gather up his thirty or forty yong Preachers. Who for their better encouragement areat their firft lifting by the Popes Authority ab- folved 4 culpa & apena,trom all finne, and from their Purgatory and Hell due untoit, by aplenary Indulgence. And whofoever fhall oppofé,or any way cifcourage this Popes Comumuiflary,or thofethat are or would be lifted by him, are #p/o fatfo excommunicated with an Anathem referved only to this Commiflary or his Holinets himfelfO what isit to fee, when fuch a Commiflaries coming is knowen,how the young birds, that as in Cages are fhut up within the walls of a Cloifter, leap and cherifh themfelves with hopes of liberty? What is icto feedifordered Fryers, who for their mifdemeanours, and leaping over their Cloifter walsin the night to nd out their wanton harlets, have been imprifoned; now rejoyce at. the coming of a Popes Commiflary, and Plenary Indulgence, freeing them from finnes paft, and fitting them for the Converfion of fouls, though there one be not averted from their Harlot,nor as yet truly and unfainedly con- verted to theloveof God?’ True it is, I have kowne fome'that have written their names in the lift of Indian Miffionaries, men ot {ober life and Converfation, moved onely with a blind zeale of encreafing the Popith Religion: yet I dare fay and confi- dently print this truth without wronging the Church of Rome, that of thirty or forty which in fuch occafions are commonly tran{ported tothe India’s, the three parts of them are Fryers of Jeud lives, weary of their retired Cloifter lives, who have beene punifhed often by their Superiours for their wilful] back-fliding from that obedience which they formerly vowed ; or forthe breach of their poverty in clofely retaining money by them to Card and Dice, of which fort 1 could here namely infert'a long and tedious Catalogue; or laftly fuch , who have been imprifoned for violating their vow of chaftity with leud and lafcivious women, either by fecret flight from their Cloifters, or by publike Apoftatizing from their Order, andcloathing themfelves in Lay-mens Apparell, to runabout the fafer with their wicked Concubines. Of which fore icwas my chanceto bee acquainted with one Fryer Job Navarro a Francifcan in theCity of Guatemals, who after hee hadin fecular apparel] enjoyed the leud com- pany ofone 4marylls a famous Woman player in Spain for the {pace of a years fear- ing at Jaft heemight bee difcovered, lifted himfelfein a Miflion to Guatemala, the year 1632, there hopingto enjoy with more liberty and lefle feare of punifhment any luft- full or carnfull obje&. Liberty,inawerd, under the Cloak of Piety and Converfion of Soules,icis, that drawes fo many Fryers ( and commonly the younger fort) to - thoferemote American parts; where after they have learned {ome Indian languaye, they are licenced with a Parifh Charge to live alone outof the fight of a watching Prior or Superiour, out of the bounds and compafle of Cloitter walls, and authori- zed to keep houfeby themfelves, and to.finger as many Spanifh Patacones, as their wits device (hall teach them to fqueezeout of the newly Converted Indians TT his iberty "7 Now Surety ofthe Welt Tadier fiberty they could neverinjoy in Spain,and this libecty is the Midwife of fo many foule falls of wicked Fryers in thofeparts. For the prefentonely, I fhall return again to my Fryer Iobn N avarro,who at his comming to Guatemala,being made for his wit %nd lear- ning, Mafter and Readerof Divinity, and much. eltcemed of for his acute Preaching,, a= mong many others got the eflimation and love ofa chief Gentlewoman , CQua femel oft imbuta recens fervabit odorem,tefta dia who continued in Navarro his heart the tormer fent of theunchatft love of 4msaryllis, {o far. chat the Fryer being blinded and wounded with Cupids Arrow {ticking in his heart,ran headlong to quench his luftfull chirft upon St. Fames his day, 1635.for better memory of the Tragical event( being the Spaniards com= mon Advocate,and {peciall Patron of that City,named St: Fage de Guatemala where cru- ell A4ars oppretling Vewus in her wanton Ads, the injured husband a&ing Adars,&& find- "ing NavarroCupids pagefaluting his Venus upon her bed, drew his fword, cutting the Fryer firftin the head and faee,who ftrugling with death,and purchafing his life with a {wift and nimble flight to a Garden, where his own brother a Fryer of the fame Order, & Pander to thatfoula&, entertained the Motherlefle children; tor the husband having miffed his fatall blow (willingly as fomeimagined , or unwillingly as others, judged ) inthe Fryers heart, wilfully laid it in the throatof his anchaft Wile,fcarce leaving way for breath to makea {peedy Confeflion of her finneto Navarre his Brother; whoten:: dring her foule.as much ashis Brother had tendred her body abfolved her from: her finne, finding figmes, though nouttering {peech of Repentance, while the ‘murderer fled, and the murdered lay in the doore of her houfe for afad obje& to all, that imme- diately flocked thither to fee that bloody Tragedy.. The Wife being the fame day buried, the Husband being retired toa clofeSan&uary, Navarro was carried tohis Convent to beecured; and alter his Cure was banifhed that Country; whom two yeares after it was my chance to meet in Cartagena returning to Spain with his {card face, beating the marke of his la{civious life , and ofthatliberty. which hee had injoyedin America. Such are the fruits of the zeale of chofe wretches, who upbraid our Church and Mini« fters for want of zeale tolabour. in the Converfion of Infidels... Who when they ar- rive to thofe parts, are entertained with ringing of Bells, with founding of Trumpets moft part of the way as they travaile,and as Apoftles arereceived by the Indiens,though foon like Juda they fall from their calling, and for pleafureand covetoufnefle {ell a= way Chrift from their Soules. Englaxdmay here learn to beware of fuch Converters, who are daily by name of Miffionaries fenthither by the Pope to preach amongus Po= pery; but like Navarre cometo feed and cherith their, wanton luits,as.1 could give ma- ny inftances, might I not be cenfured for long digreflions in.mingling Englifh Hiftories with my American Travailes, CHAP. IV. Shewing tawhat Provinces of the Eaft andWeft India’s belonging to the Gromy of Caftilia are fent Mifsions of Fryers and le{uites. And [pecially of the Milfiou [ent inthe yeare 1625. : & ‘ N allthe Dominions of the King of Spain in America, there are two forts of Spaniards more oppofite one to another then in Exrope the Spaniard is oppofite to the French, or to the Hollander, orto the Portingall; To wit, they that are bornin any parts of Spaizand goethither, and they that are borne: there of Spanifh parents , whom the Spaniards,to diftinguifh them from themfelves, termeGriolio’s , fignifying the Natives of thatCountrey. This hatred is fo great, that I dare fay, nothing might|bee more ~ advantagious then this, toany other Nationthat would conquer America, And. no- thing moreealily gained, then the Wilsand affections ofthe Natives of the Country, to joyne with any other Nation to freeand refcue themfelves from that fubje&tion, or kind of flavery, which they fuffer under the hard ufage of the Spaniards, and their partiall Government and juftice toward them, andthofe that come from Spaia.. This is {0 grievous tothe poore Criolio’s or Natives, chat my felfe have often heard them fay,s They would rather bee fubje& toany other Prince, nay to the Hollanders, then . t@ Pace ee he TEC ye NRE oR CRE eam erence A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. tothe Spaniards, ifthey thought they might enjoy theic Religion; and others with- ing the Hollanders, when they tooke Traxillioin Hondsras, had ttayed in ic and entred further into the land, they fhould have been welcometothem; and that the Religion they enjoyed with fo much flavery, was nothing {weet untothem. This mortal] ba- tred betwixethefetwo forts of Spaxiards, made the Criclio’s foready to joyn againit the Marquefle of Gelues Viceroy of Mexico, inthe tumule and mutiny ot that City, wherein they cleaving to Dox Alonfo de Zerns , the Arch-Bithcp cauted the Viceroy to efcape for his life by flight, and would then have utterly rooted out the Spanifh Go- vernment, had not fome Preifts diflwaded them from it; but ofthis I fhali tpeak more largely hereafter. The caufe of this deadly hatred hath proceeded from a jealculie which the Spasiards have ever had of the Criolio’s, that they would taine withdraw themfelves firft from the commerce wich Spain, and fecondly, from the Government whichis laidupon them; whichis fuch, that the Criolio’s muft be alwaies under, anda fubje&, alwaics governed, but {carce any a Gov-rnour. Never yet was there {een any Criolio made Viceroy of Adexico, or Pera or Prefident of Gustemils, ov Santa fe, or S, Dominga; or Governour of Yucatan, Cartagena, Havana; or A.calds Mayor( asthey callthem)) of Ssconwfco, Chiapa, San Salvador, and {uch like places of credit. Solikewifeinthe Courts of Chancery, as S*: Domingv, Mexico, Guate- mala, Lima, and the reft, wheze commonly there are Six, called Oydores and one Fi- Seal, {carce one of them to befoundaCriolio, or native of the Ccuntrey ; though therebe among them thofe that defcended of the chief Conquerors3as in Lima and Pe- rethe Pizarros, inMexieoand Guaxaca the honfe of the Marquefle Dell Vaile, Fe di- nando Cortes hisSucceflors, others'of the hou of Giroz, others of the houfe of Alas arado, others of the Gufmanes, finally: many of the chiefelt houfesof Spain, yet-none of thefe ever preferred to any dignity.’ And not onely thus arethey keprfrom offices, but daily affronted by the Spasiards as uncapable of any Government,and termed halte Indians by them. i - Which generall contempt hath al(@ fpread it felfe in the Church, where no Criolio Preitt is (Carce ever preferred to be a Bifhop,or Canon in a Cathredall Church, bucall fuch ascome from Spaix.So likewi(e in thé religious ordersthey have many years indea- ° vored to keep under and fupprefs fuch as have bin admitted to their orders of the natives of che Gountrey, left the number of them fhould prevail againft thofe that are brought from Spain,they have been very nice in choofing of them,& though they have been for- ced to admit of fome,yet ftil the Provincials,the Priors,and all Superiors have been Sp2- niards born ia Spain. Till'now lately fome Provinces have got the upper hand andpre- vailed againft the Spaviards,&& have fo filled their cloifters with Criolio’s or natives,that they have utterly refufed to admit the fupplies of Spamif> Miffions which formerly were fentuntothem, and till chis day are fent to others.{n the Province of Adexi¢o there are Dominicans, F rancifcans,Auguftines, Carmelites,Mercenarians,- and Jefuites, whereof theJefuitesand Carmelites only to this day prevailagain{t Criolio’s,bringing every two or three years Miffions from Spaiz, The laft Miflion that was fent to the Mercenarians wasthe year 1625. and then was the oppofition fuch between that Miffionand the Criolio’s, that inthe ele&tion of the next Provinciall in their Cloilter of AZexieo, the Fryers drew knives one againft another,and were like to kill eachother; had nor the Viceroy gone to their Cloifter to make peace, and imprifon fomte of them. Yet at Jat by the multitude of voices the native partly prevailed, and till this day have ex- empted themfelves ftom Spanifh Miffions, alleadging (asothers havedone ) that they have Fryers enovgh in their Cloifters,and need none to be fent them from Spain; fab- mitting themfelvesto the Pope, and prefenting to him as ftately gifts as ever Spaniards. didbeforethem. _ IntheProvince of Guaxaea noneadmit cf Miffionaries from Spain; true itisthe Dominicans are but newly fubdued by the Criolian party ,; and as yet are Rrongly pleading at Reme for Spanifb Fryers, alleadging thatthe glory and luftre of their Religion hath been much blurred fince the non-admittance of fupplies of their zealous Compatriots. The Province of Gratemala,( which is of a large extent) containing Guatemala, Chiapa, the Zoques, part of Tabafco, theZeddaks, the Sacapn~ las, the Vera Paz,all the coatt lying to the South fea Suchwiepeques and Soconafco, Comay- ague, Flonduras, 8. Salvador,Nicaragua,hath init thefe orders chiefly , Dominicans, Francifcans, Auguftines, (whe are fubjedt to Mexicobeing one poore Clcifter in Gua~ semala ) Jefuites alfo in Guatemala fabje& to the goverment of Adexico and Mecenarians, : whereof ~ A New Survey of the whereof the three orders of Dominicans, Francifcans, and Mercendrians » are the only Preachers and parifth Preifts throughout all the forenamed Provinces. - And thefe three Orders have ftill kept under the Criolian party, never as yet fuffering any of them tobe Provinciall, Bringing every two or three yeare {ome one year and {ome another, Miffions of Fryers from Spain to maintain and keep up their fa&tion againit the Crio- lians. The Provinces of Pcrv being morediftant from Spainjand hard to:come to by fea, haveno Miffions fent unto them. There are of the moft Romith religious orders, yet the chiefare Dominicans,and they all live above their vow of poverty,abounding in wealth, riot, liberty and pleatures, In the Kingdome of Nuevo reinode Granada, and Cartagena, Sauta fee, Barina, Popayanand the government of S+.A4artha,are Dominicans, Jefuites, Francifcans,Carmelites, Augattines and Mercenarians;whereof the Dominicans, Jel ites and Francifcans till this day admit of Miffions from Spain.T he Mand of Cuba, Fa- maica,la Margarita, Puerto rico, all are {ubje& to the head Provincial] of Sasto Doxaingo, being Dominicans, Jefuites, and Francifcans,and have all now and then Miffions frona Spain. Tueatan hath in it only Francifcans, who live moft richly and plentifully and ftrongly uphold the Spanifb fa&ion with Exropean Miffions: Mechoacan belongeth to the (Mexican Fryers, and is in the fame condition as was faid before of Adexico, Thushave I briefly run over all America that pertains to the Crown of Caffiléa:for the Eaft-India’s they belong to the Crown of Portingall and Brafid, as firlt difcovered and pollefied b y the Portingals, and now doubtlefie are fabje& to King Iohn, the new King of -Portin- gall. Yet the Iflands of Philippines are fubje& to the King of Spain, and there are Do+ minicans,Francilcans, Auguftines,and Jefuites, all which lie ftill in waitin Adunile the Metropolitan City, for fomefure fhipping to Tapan, to convert that Kingdome, And though they admit of fome few Crioli’os among thems, efpscially (ome of their Con= verts of China and Ispan;, yet their chief number and ftrength:is of Spanith Miffio- naries, whoaremore frequently conveyed thither then to the parts afore-mentioned of America, Firft they arefentin the thips that are bound for Nueva Efpana and Adex- zo; andafter they have relted eWo or three moneths in Adexico , they arefent.to Aea- pulco,lying on the Mar del Zur,cthere they are thipped in two great Garacks which year ly go and come richly laden with Chiza,lapax, andall Eaft-India ware from AZanilato Acaptleoto enrich Azexico wich farre greater riches then any are fent by the North fea from Spaiz, Thevoiage from Acapulco thither, is longer then from: Spain to Mexico; and cafy and pleafant, though the return is farre longer and moft dangerous. The yearof our Lord 1625..there were four Miffions fent; the one of Francifcans to Yxca< tan, the other of Mercenarians to A4exice, the other two of Dominicans and Jefuices to Philippinas, - At which time it was my fortune torefide among the -Dominicans in Xerezin Andaluxia. The PopesCommiflary for that Miffion wasPrycr A€atheo de Ia Villa, whohaving a Commiflion for thirty and having gathered fome-24 of them about Caftilia and Madrid, fent them by degrees well ftored with mony toCales,co take upa convenient lodging for himfelfe and the reft of hie crew, tillthetime of ‘the fet« ting forth of the Indian Fleet. This Commiflary named one Fryer Antouto Calvo to be his fubfticute, and to vilit the Cloifters of Asdaimzia lying in hisway ; namely Cordo- vay Sevill, S* Lecar,and Xerez, to try if out of them hecould make up his compleat number of thirty, which wasafter fullycompleated. About theendof A4ay came this worthy Calvoto Xerez,and in his Company one Antonio Melendez. of the Colledge of S* Gregory in Valladolid, with whom Thad formerly neer acquaintance. This Melendez greatly rejoyced when he had foundmee and being well ftocked with India Patacones, the firftnight-of his coming invited meto his chamber to a ftately fapper. The good Xereg Sack which was not{pared, fet my friend in fuch a heat of zeale of converting Lapsmians, that all his talke was of thofe partsnever yet feen, and at leatt fixthoufand leagues diftant. Bacchus metamorphofed him froma Divine into a Orator,and made hint a Cicero in parts of Rhetoricall elgquence.. Nothing was omit- ted that might exhort meeto joyne with him in that funGion, whichhe thought was Apottulicall.. Nemo Prophetain patria faa swas a great argument with him ; femetimes he propounded Martyrdome forthe Gofpel fake, and the glory after it, to. have his life and death printed, and of poore Fryer Amtony a Clothiers fon of Sequsvia to bee Riled S* Anthony by the Pope, and made collaterall with the Apoftles in heaven; thus did Bacchus make him ambitious of honor upon the earth, and preferrement in hea= ven. Bat when he thought this Ahetoricke had not prevailed, then would sein a LVAIAHS ~ ANew Survey of the VVelt-Indies, Midas and Cre({w, fancying the /edia’s paved with tiles of gold and filver, the tiones tobe Pearls, Rubies, and Diamonds, the trees tobee hung with clutters of nutmegs bigger then the cluftersot grapes of Casusz, the fields to be planted with Sugar Canes, which fhould fo fweeten the Chocolatte,that it fhould tarre exceed the milke and hony _ of the land ot promife; the filkes of @bina hee conceited fo common, that the failes of the fhips were nothingelfe; finally he dreamed of Adidas happinefle, that whatfoever he touched fhould be turned to gold:Thus did Xeres NeCtar make my friend and mortified Fryer,.a covetous worldling. And yet from a rich covetuus Merchant did it fhape him toa Courtier in pleafures, fancying the Pbilippinas tobe the Eden , where was all joy withontteares, mirth without fadneffe, laughing without forrow, comfort without griefe, plenty without want,no not of Eves for Adams, excepted only that in itfhould be no forbidden fruit, but all lawfull for the tafte and fweetning of the ~ palate; and as Adam would haye been as God, {0 conccited Adelendez himfelfe aGod in that Eden; whom travelling,” Indiaw Waites and trumpets fhould accompany; and to whom, entring into any Town, nofegaies {hould be prefented, flowers and boughes fhould be ftrowed in his way, Arches fhould be ere&ted to ride under,Bels for joy fhould be rung, and Indian knees for duty & homage,as toa God,fhould be bowed to the very greund. From this inducing argument, andreprefentation of a Paradife, he fell into aftrong Rhetoricall point of curiofitysfiading out a tree of knowledge, anda Philo- fophicall maxime, Omnts homo naturaliter feire defiderat, man naturally inclines to know more and more; which knowledge he fancied could beno where more furnifhed with rare curiofities then in thofe parts; for therefhouldthe Gold and Silver, which here are fingered,in their growth in the bowels of the earth be known; there fhould the pepper be known in its feafon, the nutmeg and Clove, the Cianamonas arine or bark ona tree; the fafhioning of the Sugar froma green growing Cane into a loaf; the ftrange fhaping the Gocbinil from a worme to fo rich aScarlet dic; the changing of the J snta which is bat graffe with ftalke and leaves inte an Indigoblack dye,fhould be taughe and learned; and without much labour thus fhould ofr ignorance be inftru&ed with various and fundry curiofities of knowledge and underitanding. Finally, though Xe- rex liquor ( grapes bewitching tears’) had put this bewitching eloquence into my Az- zonies brain ) yet he doubted not to,prefercre before ic his wine of Philippinas, grow- ing on talland high trees of Cece, wherein he longed to drinke a Spanith Brindisin my company to all his friends remaining behindin Spain. Who would net bee moved by thefe his arguments to follow him, and his Calvo, or ball pated Superiour? Thus fup- per being ended my Melendex, defired to know how my heart ftood affeéted to his jour- ney; and breaking out into a Veto « Dies with his converting zeal,he {wore he fhould have no quiet nights reft untill he were fully fatisfied of my refolution to accompany him. And having learned the Poets expreflion, Quid non mortalia peClora copia, Auri fad cra fames ? he offered unto me halfe adozen of Spanih piftols, afluring me chat I fhould want nothing,and that the next morning Calvo {hould furnifh me with whatfoeyer mo- nies I needed, for to buy things meceffary for the comfort of fo long and tedious ajour- ny-To whom I antwered,fuddain refolutions might bring future grief and forrow,and that I thould that night lye down and take counfell wich my pillow, afluring him that for his fake J would doe much, and thatif I refolved to goe,my refolution thould draw on an other friendof mine, an IrifhFryer, named Thomas Deleon, Thus tooke I my Jeaveof my Melendez, and retired my felf to my chamber and bed, which that nighe was no place of repofeand reft to me as formerly it had been. Imuft necdsfay Melendez his arguments, though moft of them moved me not ; yet the opportunity offered me to hide my felf from all fightand knowledge of my deareft friends, firred upin mea ferions thought of an angry and harfh letter, which not long before I had received out of England from mine ownfather, fignifying untome the difpleafure of mott of my friends and kindred, and hisqwn grievous indignation again{t'me, for that having {pent fo much money in training me upto learning, I hadnot enly_utretly refined to be ofthe Je(uites Order ( which was his only hopes.) but had proved in my affeGions a deadly toe andenemy unto them. And that be would have thought his money becer fgent; if Thad been a Scvilion in a Colledge of Jefuites, then if. ¥ fhould prove a Generall of the Order of Dominicans; that I frculd never think to be welccme to my Brothers nor kindred in Englard,rcrto him; that] fhould not ex- re ever more to heare from him, nerdare to {ee him if ever I returned to England;but ’ expec i A | Ne wrdey of the | WeltIndics, expect that he would fet upon mee even Jefuites, whom Thad deferted and oppofed, to chace mee out of my Country , that Hailing houfe though hee had loft it with mach more meanes forhis Religion during his life; yet with the confent of my Eldeft Bro- ther (now Governour of Oxford, and Maffe-founder in that our Famous Univerfity:) hee would fellicaway ; that neither from the Eitate, or money made of it, I might injoy a childs paredueunto mee. Thefe reafons ftole that nights reft from my body , and {leep from my eyes, teares keeping them unclofed and open,left Cyntbia’s black and mourning Mantle fhould offer to cover, clofe and fhutthem. To this Letters confidera- tion was joyneda {trong oppofition, which ferious Studies & ripenefle of Learning with a carefull difcuilion of fome Schoole- points and Controverfies had bred in mee againtt fome chief ofthe Popith Tenents. Well could I havewifhedto bave come toEugland, thereto fatisfie and eafemy troubled Contcience; well confidered], that if I flayed in Spainswhen my Studies were compleatly finifhed, the Dominicans with a Popes Manr damus wouldfend me home for a Miffionary to my Country.But then well confidered the fight of a wrathful! Father,the power sf a furious Brother a Colonell,who (asnow — landed in England to {earch me out,and dame milchiet )then,when Zepbry as with a plea~ fant gale feconded his Popifhzeale,might violently affault mee. Well comfidered I the increafed rout and rable of both their great friends, the Jefuites, who what with Court friends power, what with {ubtile plots and Policies wonld foone and eafily humt me out of England. Laltly, well confidered I my Melendez his laft inducing Argument. of the increafe of knowledge naturall by theinfight ofrich America and flouri(fhing Afta, and of knowledge (pirituall by a long contemplation of that new planted Church,and of thofe Church Planters lives and Converfations. Wherefore atter a whole nights ftrife and inward debate, as the glorious Planet began to banifh nights difmall horror , rifing with abright and cheerefull countenance, refe inmy mindea firme and fetled re- folution to vifit America, andthere to abide till fuch time as Death fhould furprife my angry Father, Ignstivs Loiola his devoted Mecznas, and till I might there gain out of Potoft or Sacatecas treafure that might Counterpoife that Childs part, whichfor des tefting the foure Cornered Cap, and black Coat of Jefuites, my Father had deprived meeof, So inrecompence ofthe Supper which my friend Amthony had beltowed up- on mee, I gave hima mott pleafing breakfaft by difcovering unto him my purpofe and refolution to acompany him in his long and Navall journey. And at noon I feafted him with a dioner of onedifh more then his breakfaft, to wit, thecompany allo of my Irifh friend Thomas Dekon. After dinner wee both were prefented to Calvo the bald pate Superiour ; who immediately imbraced us, promifed to us many curtefies inthe way; read unto usa Memorandum of what dainties he had provided for us,what varieties of fifh and flefhy howmany Sheep, how many Gammons of Bacon, how many fat Hens, how many Hogs, how many barrels of white Bisket, how many Jarsof wine of Cafal- la, what ftore of Rice, Figs, Olives, Capars, Raylins, Lemmons, fweet and fowre Granges, Pomegranates, Comfits, Preferves, Conferves and all forts of Portingall fweet meates; hee flattered us that hee would make us Matters of Arts,and of Divinity in 744- nila; then opened hee his purfe, and freely gaveus to {pend thatday in Xerez, and to buy what molt we hada mind to, and to carry us to Cales; Laftly hee opened his hands to beftow uponus the holy Fathers Benedi&tion, that no mifchiefe might befall usinourway ; Texpeéted fome Relique or naile of his greattoe, or oné of his velvet Pantofies to kiife; Buc peradvencure with frequent kifling through I¢aly and all Caffilia it waseven wornthredbare. Much were wee frewned at by the Dominicans our chicfeft friends of Xerez, but the liberty which with Adclendex we injoyed that day about the City of Xerez tooke from us all fad thoughts,which (0 faddaine a departure from our friends might have caufed inus, And Cave much fearing that the love of fome Nuns ( too powerfull wich Spani(h Fryers) mightyet keep usback from purfuing our putpofed journey , with cunning policy perfwaded usto depart from Xerez the next morning. Which willingly wee performed in company of AZelendex and another Spanifh Fryer of that City (leaving our Chelts and Bookes to €zleo tofend after us) and that day wee travailed like Spanifh Dons upon our little Boricoes, or Affes towards Puerto de. Santa Maria, taking in out way that ftately Convent of Cartufians, andthe River of Guadslethe, the former Poets River of oblivion, tafting of the fruits of thole Ehfian fields and Gardens and drinking of Guadalethes Cryttall Streams,that fo perpetual! ob- livion might blindand cover all thofe Abftractive Species which the intuitive ye c _ «Asdge ANew Survey of the VVelt-Indies, ledge of Spains and Xerezes pleafant obje&s had deeply ftamped'in our thoughts and hearts. At evening wee came tothat Pxerto fo famous for harbouring Spains chief Gallies, and at that time Don Frederique de Toledo; whohearing of the arrival] of foure Indian Apoltles, would not loofe that occafion of fome Soule-SanGification (which he thought might bee his purchafe) by entertaining us that nightat Supper. The Town thought their Streets bleffed with our walking in them, and wifhed they mightinjoy fome Re- liques fromus, whom they beheld as appointed to Martyrdome for Chrift and Anti- chrifts fake together; the Galley flaves {trived who fhould found their Waits and Trum- pets moft joyfully, Pon Frederique {pared no coftin Fifh and Fleth that night , doubting not bat that receiving foure Prophets, hee fhould receive a fourefold reward hereafter. Supper being ended, wee were by “Don Frederique his Gentlemen conveyed to the Cloi- ' fer ofthe AZinims appointed by Don Frederique to lodge us that night, whoto thew theirbrotherly love wafhed our feet, and fo recommended us to quiet and peaceable reft. The next morning after a ftately breakfaft beftowed upon usby thofe poor Men= dicant Fryers,a boat was prepared for us and Dom Frederique his Gentlemen to wait on us, and toconveyusto Caés. Where wee found out our fellow Apoftles, and the Popes Commiffary Fryer (Mathew Dela Villa, who welcomed us with Bomes Indul= gences, 4culpa@ a pena, and withaflourifhing Table ftored with Fifh and Fleth for dinner: Thereweecontinued in daily honour and eftimation, enjoying the fights moft pleafant which Calesboth by Sea and Land could afford untous, untill the time of the Fleets departing. Which when it drew neere, our Grand Apoftle Fryer AZathew De laVilla, (whom wee thought burned with zeal of Martyrdome) tooke his leave of us; fhewing usthe Popes Commiflion to nominate in his place whom hee lift, and naming bald Calvo for Superiour , returning himfelfe to 44adrid with more defire ta enjoy a Bifhoprick in Spain (as wee underfteod) then to facrifice his life in Fapan. His departure cauied a Mutiny among us, and cooled the fpirit oftwo of our Miflionaries , who privily fled from us, The reft were pleafed with honeft Ca/vo, forthat hee was 2 fimple and ignorant old man, ( whom theycould more jeere then any way refpect) more Scullion-like in daily greazing his white habit with handling his fat Gammons of Bacon, thenlikea Popes Commiffary ; for his Mafters Toe the proudeft of our Miffioners chen would willingly have kifled; yet Calvees greazy filts the humble would loath to havekifled. Thus undera floven was that Apoftolicall Miffion to bee conveyed firftto Adexico three thoufand Spanifhb Leagues from Spain, and afterwards three thoufand Leagues furcher from thence to AZanile the Metropolitan and Court Ci- ty of the Iflands of Pbilippinar. CHA.P.:V. Of the Indian Fleet that departed from Cales,Anno Dom. 1625. And of (ome remarkable pafages in that V oiage. be the firft of Fulyintheafternoon, Don Carlos de Ybarra Admirall of the Galeons that then lay in the Baye of Calesgave orderthat a warning Peece fhould be fhot off to warne all Paffengers,Souldiers, and Mariners to betake themfélves the next morning to their Ships,O what was it to fee {ome of our Apottolicall company who had injoyed much liberty fora moneth inCales, who had began to entangle their hearts with fome young Nuns love, now hang down their heads, and a& with fad and demure lookes Joath to depart,and cry out, Bonum eff nos bic effe,Itis good for.us to be here?and amongft them one Fryer Iobx De Pacheco made the warning Peece to be a warning to him to hide himfelf( who could no more be found amongft his fellow Miffioners thinking it a part of hard cruelty to forfake a young Francifcan Nun to whom he had engaged and whol- ly devoted his heart, What was it to fee others with weeping eyes piercing through the fron grates the tender Virgins hearts, leaving and bequeathing unto them fome pledges of their wanton love, and receiving from them fome Cordialls againft Sea-ficknefle, Caps,Shirts and Hand-kerchiefs,to eye them or wearethem when Ziolus or Neptune fhould mot oppofe them? The fecondof F#ly in themorning early notice was given unto us, that one Fryer Pablo de Londres, anold crab faced Englifh Fryer living in Se. Lucar hadgot the Duixe of Adedina his letter and fent itto the Governour “a Cales charging = A New Survey of the Weft- Indies. charging him to fearch for me & to flay me, fignifying the King of Spins will and plea- fizrethat no Englifb fhould paffe to the Izdia’s,having 4 Countrey of their own to con= vertsthis did that old fryer to ftop my paflage, having before wrote unto. me many letters to the fame purpofe,and got aletter from that father Mafter that was in England before, with the Count of Gondomar, alias Fryer Diego de la F luente, then Provinciall of Caftifia, and{entitunto mee, wlhiereiathat Superiour offered mee many kind offers of preferrement, if 1 would defift from my journey, and return to him to. Caftilia; bucnone of- thefe letters could prevail with mee; nor the Governours fearching ftop mee ; for immediately I was conveyed alone to our fhip, and there clofely hid in a barrell that wasemptied of Bifquettothat purpofe; fo thet when the Governour came a (hip-board to enquire foran Englif>man,F ryer Calve having the father of liers in my fteadabout him, refulutely denyed mee, whowouldnot be found, becaufe not fought for ina barrells belly. This found our Apoftles {port and talk that firftday. Then wentout the {hips one by one crying 4 dios, A dios, andthe Towne replying Buen viaie, buen viaie; when all were outand no hopes of enjoying more Caks plea~ fures and liberty, then began my young Fryers to wifh themfelves again a Land, {ome began prefently to feed the fifhes with their Nuns {weet dainties, othersto wonder at the number of ftately fhips, which with eight Galeons that went to convey us beyond the Iflands of Canaria were fourty onein all ; fome for one Port of the Indises, and fomefor another. To Puerto Rico went that yeartwothips; to Santo Domingo three ; to Famaica two, to Margarita one, to the Havana two, to Cartagena three, to Campeche two 5 to Honduras and Truxille two, and to S*. Fobn Dilva, or Vera Crux fixe teen; all laden with Wines, Figs, Raifins, Olives, Oyle, Cloth, Carfies, Linnen, Tron, and quick filver for the Mines, to fetch outthe pure filver of Sacatecas from the earthen droffe from whenceit is digged: The perfons of nioft note that went that years was firff the Marquefle de Serralvo with his Lady , who went for Viceroy of Mexico, in ftead of the Conde de Gelves then retired to a Cloifler for feare of the common people, who the year before had mutinied again& him; this Marquefle went in the fhip Called §;, Andrew, and with him in the fame {hip went Doz Martin a Carille a Preift, and Inquifitor of the Inquifition of Valladolid ; who was {ent for Vifiter Generall to Mexi= 6s, toexamine the ftrife becween the Gonde* Gelves and the Arch-Bifhop,* and the mutiny that for their fakes had happened; with full Commiflion aad Authority to im- prifon, banifh, hangand execute all Delinquents. In the hip called Santa Gertrndis went Don Fobn Nino de Toledo, who was fentto be Prefident of Mani@a in Philippinas 5 and in the fame fhip with him went the whole Miflion of thirty Jefuites fent to. Philip= pinas; who had already got thefavour of the Prefident, and politickly fought to be paffengers in the fame {hip, that fo they might the miore ingratiate themfelves to him ; for this cunning generation ftudies purpofely how to. infinuate themfelves with - Kings,Princes, Great men,Rulers,and Commanders.In the thip called St. Antony went . my Dominican Miffion of 27 Fryers.In the fhip called Noftra Sennora de Regla went four and twenty Mercenarian Fryers bound for Mexico; part ofthofe that afterwards drew their knives to flafh and cut the Criolio’s of their Profeffion. Thus with the Convoy of - eight Galeons for fear of Tarkes and Hollandéers(whom the Spani(h Dons fhake and trem bleat )fet forward our fleet with a pleafant and profperous gale,with.a quiet and milken fea, uatill we came to the Golfe,called Golfo de Yeguas,or of kicking Mares,whofe waves and (welling (urges did fo kick our fhips, that weethought they would. have kicked our St. Anthonies gilded image out of our fhip, and bereaved my Aztonio Melendez of his gilt and painted idol, ( to whom hee daily bowed and prayed. agaiaft the mer- cileffe element, and chat all our fhips galleries would have been torn fromus with thefe {purnings and blowes of that outragious-Golfe. But at laf having overcome the danger of this Golfe, theeight Galeons took their leave of us, and left our Merchant fhips now to fhift for themfelves, The departure of thefe Galeons was moft folemnly performed on each fide, faluting each othér withtheir Ordnance, vifiting each other with their Cock-boates, the Admirall of the Fleet feafting with a ftately dinner in his fhip, the Admirall of the Galeons; and thelike performing moft of the other {hips to the feverall Colonels and Captains and other their allied friends that were of the Rois all Fleet. Here ic was worth noting to heare thefighes of many of ott Indian Apo- files, wilhing they might return again inany of thofe Galeons to Spain; their zeal was now cold, atid fome endeavoured many waies for Calvo hislicénce to returne € which, C3 ey could ily 4 | a ’ ‘a 5 { Mi Mt Fi } of Canaria; shefameday in the morning called to Councell'all the Pilots of the thips, “A New Swrbeffthe Weilndion rt ine gh could notbe granted ) othersimployed themielves moit of that day in writing letcers to their friends, and Sifters in Cales. Thus dinner being ended, and the two Admi- ralls folemnly taking their leaves, the warning piece being fhot off for the Galeons to joyn together, and turnetheircourfe to Spain, we bad mutuall adieu, crying one to another Buen Viaie, Buen paffiges we kept our courfe towards America, tailing before the wind conttantly till wecame to America; athing worth noting in that voiage from Spain to the Indies; that after the Iflands of Canaria are once left, there is one con{tant wind, continuing to America ftill the fame without any oppofition or contrariety of other winds; and this fo profperous and full on the failes, that did it blow conftantly, and were it not interrupted with many calmes, doubtlefle the voiage might be ended in amoneth orlefle. But fuch were the calmes that many times wehad, that wegot not to the fight of any land tillehe twentieth day of Axguft:fo that neer ix weeks we failed as on a river of frefh water,much delighting and{porting our (elves in fithing many forts fifhes, but efpecially one, which by the Spaniards is called Dorado, the golden fith, for the skin and (calesof it chat glitter like goldsof this fort we found fach abundance, that no fooner wasthe hooke with any fmall bait caft into thefea, when prefently the Dorado was caught, tothat wetookethem many times for pleafure, and caft them 2 gaineinto thefea, being a fith fitter to be eaten fre(h then falted. Many were the fealts and {ports ufed in the fhips, till wee difcovered the firft land, or I{land called Deffeada. | Thelaft dayof Fly ( being according tothe Jefuites Order,and Romses appointment, the day of Ignatius their Patron and founder of their Religion ) che gallant thip cal- ded S# Gertrydis ( wherein went 30 Jefwites ) fortheirs and their Saints. fake made to ali the reft of the Fleet a moft gallant fhew, thee being trimmed round about with white linnen, her flags and top gallants reprefenting fome the Jefuites arms, others the iGtare of Igwatius himfelf,and this from the evening before,fhooting off that night at Jeaft fifty thot of Ordinance, befides four or five hundred {quibs (the weather being very calme )and all her maftsand tacklings hung with paper Lanthornes having burning lights within them;the waits ceafed not from founding,nor the:-Spaniards from finging allnight. Thedaies folemne {port was likewife great, the Jefuites increafing the Spa- nierds joy with an open proceffion in thefhip; finging their fuperftitions Hymnes and Anthemet to their fuppofed Saint, andall this conded with roaring Ordnance,no powder being (pared for che compleating of thatdaiesjoy and triuthph. Thefourth of Anguft following,being the day which Reme doth dedicate to Dominiek, the fir the founder of the Dominicans or Preachers Order, the fhip wherein Iwas, named — St. Antbony, ftrived to exceed S**Gertrudis, by the afliftance of the 27 Dominicans that were inher. All was performed both by night and day; asformerly in $%- Gertradis, both with powder, fquibs, lights, Waits and mufick. And further did the Domini- cansjoy and triumph exced the Jefuites, in that they invited all the Jefuites, with Dow Fobn Nino de Toledothe Prefident ot Atanila, with the Captaineof the thip of 5’ Ger- tradis,to a Stately dinner both of Fifh and Flefhz whichdinner beingended, for the afternoones {port they had prepareda Comedy outof famous Lope deVega,to be aed by fome Souldiers ; Paffengers and fome of the younger fort of Fryers; which I con- fefle was as ftately adted and fet forth both in fhewes and good apparell, in that narrow compaffeof ourfhip, as might have beenupon thebeft ftagein the Court of MZadrid. - The Comedy being ended, and a banquet of fweet meates prepared forthe clofing up of thatdaics mirth, bothours, and St4. Gertrudis Cock-boat carried backe our invited) friends, bidding each other adieu with our Waits and chiefeftOrdnance. Thus went we on our Sea Voiage without any ftorme, with pleafant gales, many calmes, dayly {ports and paftimes till] wedifcovered the firft land called Deffeada upon the twentietly day of Aaguft, See . CHAP. VI. Of our difcovery of [ome I ‘lands , and what trouble befell us in one of them. He Admirall of our Fleet wondring much at our flow failing,whe from the fecond of July to the 19 of Augu{t had {een nor difcovered any Jand, fave only the Iflands to et A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. co know their Opinions concerning our prefent being, and the neerneffe of Land. The Ships therefore drew neere unto the Admirall one by one, thatevery Pilot might de- liver his opinion, Here was caufe of laughter enough, for the paflengers to heare the wife Pilots skil; Qnefaying,we werethree hundred miles , another two hundred,ano- : _ ther one hundred, another fifty, another more, another lefle, all erring much trom the truth (as afterward appeared). fave onely one old Pilot of the fmalleft Veflell of all, whoaftirmed refolutely, thatwich that {mall gale wherewith weethen failed, wee fhould come to Guzdalupethe nextmorning. Allthe reftlaughed at him, but hemighe well have laughed at them, for the next morning by Sun-riiing weeplainly difcovered an Ifland called Deffeads by the Spansards, or the defired Land, for that at the firft difcovery of the India’s it was the firft Land the Spaniards found , being thenas defrous to find fome Landafter many dayes failing as wee were. Atter this land prefently we difcovered another called Marigalante, then another called Demsnicas and lattly, ano- ther named Guadalupe, which was that wee aimed at to refefh our felves ins to wath our foule cloathes , andto takein frefh water, whereof wee ftoodin great need. By two orthree of the.clock in the afternoone weecame to a fafe Prode lying before the land, where wee caft our Anchors, no wayes fearfull of thenaked Barbarians of that and theother Mlands, who with great joy doe yearly expect the Spanifs Fleets com= ming, and bythe Moones doe reckon the Moneths, and thereby make their guefle at their comming,and prepare fome their fugar Canes,others the Plantin,other the Tor- tois, fome one Provifion, fomeanother to barter withthe Spaniards tor their {mall Haberdath,. or Iron,Knives, or {uch things which may help thena in their Wars,which commonly they make againft fome other Iflands. Before our Anchors was cait, out came the Indians to meet-us in their Canoa’s, round like Troughes, fome whereof had beene painted by our Exglifh,fome by the Hollanders,tome by the Freack,as might appeare by their feverall Armes,i¢ being a common Rodeand harbourto. ail Nations that faile to America. Before wee refolved to. goe to fhore, wee tafted of thofe Indian frnites, the plan-_ tin aboveall pleafing our tafte and Palate. Wee.could not but much wonder atthae fight never yet feene by us of people naked, with their haire hanging downto the mid- dle of their backes, with their faces cut out in feverall fafhions, or flowers, with thin plates hanging at their Nofes, like Hog-rings, and fauning upon us like children, fome fpeaking in their unknowne tongue, others ufing figns for fuch things a8 we ima gined they defired. Their figne forfome of our Spanifo Wine was eafily perceived; and their reqneft moft willingly grantedto by our men, who with onereafonable Cup of Spanifo Sacke prefently tambled up their heeles, and Jeft them like {wine cambling on the Deck of our Ship. After a while that our people had {ported with thele rude and Savage Indians, our two Cock-Boates were ready to carry to fhorefuchas either had clothes to wath, or a defire to. bathe themfelves in a River of frefh Water which is within the land, ora mind to fettheir feet again apon unmeoveable Land, after fo many daies of uncercain footing in a floating and reeling Ship. But that day being farrefgent, our Fryersrefolved to ftay in the Ship, and the next whole day to vifie the Ifland ; many of the Mariners and Paffengers of all the Ships went that evening to fhore, fome returning at night, and fome without feare continuing with the Indians. all nightonthore. The next morning my felfe and moft of our Fryers went and having hired fome Spaniards to wath our cloathes, we wandred fometimesall together fometimes two and two,and fometimes one alone about the Ifland , meeting with many Indians, who didusno hurt,but rather like children faaned upon us,offering us of their fruits,and begging of us whatfoever toies of pins,points or gloves they efpied aboutus. Wee venturedto goeto fome of their houfes which ftood by a pleafant River, and were bythemkindly entertained, eating of their fifh, and wild deeres flefh. About noone wee chanced to meet with fomeofthe Jefvices of Santz Gertrudis Ship in. the midft of the Mountain, who werevery earneft in talke with a A4ulatto, all naked like the ret of the Indians. This A4ulatto was a Chriftian,born in Sevill in Spain,and had been lave there formerly to a rich Merchant, his mame was Lemzand {poke the Spanifo Language very perfe&tly. Some twelve yeeres before, hee had run away from his Matter by reafon of hard aad (lavith ufage,and having got to Cales, offering his fervice to a Gentleman then bound for America, the Gentleman fearing not that his true Mafter fhould ever have more notice of himfroma new World, took hima Ship board ees C 3 hao P SS I OS Se ee ES ee wi A New Suroty of the VVelt-Lndies. him as hisflave. The Adglattoremembring themany ftripes which hee had fuffered from his firftcruellMafter, and fearing that from America hee might by fome intelli- gence or other be fentback againto Spain,and alfo jealous of his fecond Matter (whofe blowes hee hadbegun to fuffer in the Ship) thathee would prove as cruell as his firft; when the Ships arrived at Guadalupe, refolved rather to die among the Indians( which hee knew might be his hardeft fortune)then evermore to live in flavery under Spaniards. So cafting his lifeupon good or bad fortune, hee hid himfelfe among the trees in the Mountaine till the Ships were departed;whio after being found by the Indians,and giving them fometoyes which hee had got by flealth from his Mafter, hee wastentertained by them, they liking him, andhee them. Thus continued this poore Chriitian flave among thofe Barbariansfrom yeare to yeare; who had care to hide himfelfe at the comming of the Spanifh Fleet yearely. In twelve yeares that hee had thus continued amonglt them, hee had learned their language, was married to an Indian, by ‘whom hee had three children living. The Jefuices by chance having met with him, and per- ceiving more by the Wooll upon his head, that hee was a AZulatte, then by his black and tauny skin (for thofe Indians paint themfelves all over with a red colour ) they prefencly imagined theeruth that hee could not come thither but" with fome Spaniard, fo entering into difcourf with him, and finding him to {peak Spanif/ , they got the whole truth of him. Then wee joyning with the Jefuites,began to perfwade the poore Chriftian to forfake that heathenith life, wherein his foule could never bee faved, pro~ mifing him if hee would goe along withus , hee fhould bee free from flavery for ever. Poote Soule, though hee had lived twelve yeares without hearing a word of the true God, worthipping frockes and ftones with the other Heathens ; yet when hee heard a- gain of Chriit, of eternall damnation in hells torments, and of everlatting Salvation in Heavens joyes , hee began to weep, affuring ua that hee would goe with us, were itnot for his Wife and Children, whom hee tenderly loved , and could not forfake them. Tothis wee replyed, that hee might bea meanes of faving likewife their Souls, if hee would bring them wich him; and further that wee would affure him that care thould bee taken that neither hee, his Wife, norchildren fhould ever want meanes com- petent forthe maintenance oftheir lives, The A¢slatto hearkned well to all this,though a fuddaine feare furprized him, becaule cercaine Lndiazs palicd by, and noted his long conference with us. The pooreandtimorous Adulatto then told us, that hee was in danger, for having been knowenby us,’ and that hee feared the Indians would kill him, and fafpe&that wee would fteale him away; which if they did, and it were notfed about the Hland, wee theauld foone fee their love changed into cruell rage and Muciny. Wee perfwaded himnot to feareany thing they could doe to us, who, had Souldiers, Guns and Ordnance to fecure ours and his life alfo, wifhing him to refolye to bring his Wifeand Children but to the Seafide, where our men were drying their Clothes, and woulddetend him, anda Boat thould bee ready toconvey him with his Wife and Children a Ship board. The A/#latto promifed to doe as wee had counfelled him, andthat hee would entice his Wife and Children to the Sea fide to barter with us their Wares for ours, defiring fome of the Jefuites (whom hee faid he fhould know by their black Coates) to bee there ready for him with a Cock-Boat. Lews departed, as tous hee feemed refolute in what bee had agreed ; Ourjoy likewife was great with the hope of bringingto the light of Chritianity five Soules out of the darknefle of heathenith Idolatry. The Jefuites who had begun with this A¢sJatto were defirous that the happy endand conclufion might bee their glory. So taking their leaves of us,they haftened to the Sea'to informe the Admirall of what they had done, and to provide that the Cock~Boat of their Ship might beein readinefle to receive Lem#, and his fa- mily. Wee likewife returned to the fhore to feeifour Shirts, and Clothes were dry. Moft of us (among whom my felfe was one) finding our Linnen ready and our Boat on {hore went aboard to our Ship. leaving two or three of our company with many of other Ships on fhore, efpecially the Jeftites waiting for their prey. When wecame to our Ship, moft of our Fryers with whatlove they had found in the Barbarians , were inflamed with anew zeale of ftayingin that Jfland, and convertingthofe Heathens to Chriltianity, apprehending it an eafie bufineffe (t-¢y being aloving people ) and no Wayes dangeroustous, by reafon of the Fleet that yearely pafleth that way, and might enquire after our wfage. But by fome it was objected,that it was a rafh and and faving that provilion which we had brought from Spsix. But the heat was o extraordinary, that the day was no pleafureunto us; forthe repercuffion of the funs heat upon the ftill water and pitch of our fhips, kindled a fcorching fire, which all the day diftempered our bodies with a conftant running (weat » forcing us to ‘caf off moft of our clothes, The evenings and nights were fomewhat more cemforta- bley yet the heat which thé {un had left inthe pitched ribs and plankes of the fhip was fuch, that under deck and in our Cabins wee were not able to fleep, but in our fhirts tere forced to walke; or fit, orlie upon the deck.. The Mariners fell to wathing them- felvesand to {wimming , till the infortunate death of one inthe thip called St.Framcifco, made them fuddainly leave off that fport. Theneerer wee come to the main land, the _ fea abounds with a menfrous fith called by the Spaniards, Tilson, Some miftake this fiftforthe Caiman, or Creecdile, holding them both for one; and thinking thae itis only the Caimen or Crocedile ( by abufe called Tiburon ) which devoures mans fleth, awholejoynt ata bit inthe water. But themiftake isgroffe, forthe Caiman is plated all over with fhells, whereas the Tibaronhath no fhelle, but only like other great Sea fiftes, bath athick skin, The Caiman though the Indians eat of it, yet the Spaniards hateit; whoeat of the Tibmrep; andin our fhip catching one with a tridencall iron | | Fork, k 3 s ne Oe eT SS eae ae LS A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. 1! Fork, and haling him witha Cable rope to the hip fide, and then binding him with it, ( being as much as a dozen or fifteen men could do to hoifehim up into the thip) we found himto bea moftmonttrouscreature, twelve els long at leaft,which we falted,and found likewife tocat like flefh, as hath been faid of the Zortois.. This kind is as rave- nous after mansflefh asthe Crocdile, and many of them were to be feen in this Sound of Mexico, 7 ° . The Spaniards bathing themfelves dayly by thethips fide, ( wherethereis no fuch dangerof the Zibarex; whouleth nottocome too neere the (hips ) ome Mariner of the fhipcalled St. Francifeobeing more venturous then the rell, and. offering to fwimme from’ his fhip , to fee fore friends in another not farre off, chan< cedto beamoft unfortunate prey tooneof them, who beforeany boat could be fet cut to help him , was thrice {een to bee pulled under water by the Montter,who had devouredaleg,anarme, and partof his fhoulder; the reft of the body was after found and taken up, and carried to S. Fravcifeo, andthere buried in the forme and manner as hath been faidof our Fryer Jobs delaCueva. They that goedowne to the fea in foips, thefe fee the workes of the Lord, and bis wonders in the deepe, Pf, 107. 235 24- Here they fhall fee not only Whales, butother Fifheslike Monitters maftering {trong and valiant men, with feverall fetsof fharpe, ftrong and mighty teeth, devouring at one bit wholelimmes with flefh and bones together. This mifchance fadded all our | Fleet for three daies till it pleafed God to refrefh our burning heat with acool and pro= | {perous wind,driving us out of that calm Sound,which (ifwe had continued in it with that exceflive heat) might have proved moft unfound and unhealthy to our bodies. Three daies after we had failed, being Munday in the morning about feven of the cleck, one of our Fryers faying Maffe, and all the people in the thip kneeling to hear it, andto adore their bread God, one Mariner with a loud and fuddain voice crieth out J ierrs, Tierra, Tierra, Land, Land, Land,which rejoyced the hearts of al! that were in the (hip, as it feemed, morethen their Maffe, forleaving that, and their God upon the Altar with the Preift co eat him alone; they arefe from their knees, to behold the Continent of America.Great wasthe joy of all the fhips that day: and great was the flaughter which our old Calvo made among his fowles,Cwhich he had {pared ‘ormerly) to feattthatday hisFrycrs. Aboutten of theclock the whole face of the land was vifibly apparent, and wee with fullfalerunning to itnbraceit. Buc our wife Admiraill knowing the danger of the Coaft, and efpecially the dangerous entiing into the Ha- ven, by reafon of the many rockes that lie about ic, and areknown only by markes aod flags fet out to giveall fhips warming of them, perceiving that with the wind wherewith weefailed then, we {hould not come till towards evening to the Port:and laft- ly, fearing left {ome North-wind ( which is dangerous upon that Coaft,and erdinary in the month of Seprember){hould in the night arife,, and endanger all our (hips upon the rockes; hetheretore called to Councell all the Pilots, to know whether it were belt to keep on our failing with full (ail tchatday, with hopes to get that day in good time in- to the Haven, or elf with the middle fail only to draw neer, that the next morning with more fecurity wee might with the help of boats from land be guidedin. The re- fult of the Councel! was not to venture that day too neer unto the Port, for fear of be- ing benighted, but to pulldown all; butthe middle fail. The wind beganto calme, and our {hips to move {lowly towards land, and fo we continued till night. A double watch was kept that nightin ourtbip, andthe Pilot was more watchfull himfelfe and ‘morecarefull then at other times; Butour Fryers betooke themfelves to their reft;which continued not long; for before midnight the wind turned tothe North, which caufed a fuddain and generall cry and uproar in ours, andall the other fhips. Oar Mariners: came to theF ryers, ufing almoftthe fame words of Jonah1.6, What meaneft tho, O fleeper? Arife call upon thy God, if fo bee shat God will thinke upon us, that we perifh not. They changed the name of God into thebleffed Virgin AZsry, in whom they feeme to confide in fuch oceafions more then in God himfelfe. Their feare was more for the apprehenfion of danger by thatkind of wind, and of what might happen, then for, _ @hatas yetthe wind threatned,which was not ftrong nor boifterous,however hallows. ed wax candles were lighted by the Fryers, knees bowed to A4ary,Letanies and other, hymnesand prayers fung aloud unto her, till towards the dawning of thedays when behold the North wind ceafed, our wonted gale began to blow again , it being Gods will and pleafurey and no effet of the howling Fryersprayersto Mary, w ho yet fuper-, } ao Ritioully ee ee SS ele ee ig eS oi i i] ; ay 4 Gia ie vik We fitioufly to deceive thefimple people , cryed out, Milagro, cles aimiracle, a miracle, By eight a clock in the morning wee came to the fight of © the houfes, and made fignes fer boats to convey usinto the Haven ; which immediate- ly with great joy came. out, and guided us one by one between thofe Rockes » Which make that Portas dangerous as any I have difcovered in al] my travailes both upon the North and South fea. Our Waits plaied mott pleafantly, our-Ordnance faluted both Towne and Fort over againit ic, our hearts and countenances reciprocally rejoyced; wee caftour Anchors, which yet were not enough to fecure our fhips inthatmott dan- gerous Haven, but further wich Cable ropes we fecured themto Iron rings, which for that purpofe are faftned into the Wall of theFort, for feare of the ftrong and boifte- rous Northerne winds. Andcthus welcoming one another to a new World, many boates waiting for us, we prefently went with joy to fet footing in America, : Milagro, Milagro, a mira- ee eet Bai ag RY CHAP. VIII. Of our Landing at Vera Crux, otherwile St John de Ulhu uted tertainment there. re ) of our en- SPonthe 12 day of September, we happily arrived in Ayerica in that famoné ; ks Towne, called St. Fobx de Ulbua » Otherwile Vera Crux; famous’ for aq that it was thefirlt beginning of the famous conquelt of that valiant and ever renowned Conqueror Hernando Cortex, Here firtt was that noble and generous refolution, that never heard of policy , tofinkethe thips, which had brought the firft Spaniards to that Continent > Steater then any of the other three parts of the world, tothe intent that they might thinke of nothing but fuch a conquelt ‘as after followed, being deftituteof the helpe of theirthips, and without hopes evermore to returneto Cube, Yucatan; orany 6t thofe parts from whence they had come. Here it was, that the fir five hundred Spaniards ftrengthned themfelves again millions of enemies,and againtt the biggeit fourth pact ofall the world: _ Here were the firft Ma- ailtrates, Judges, Aldermen, Officers of Juftice named. _.The proper name of the Towne is 8. febn de Ulbua, otherwile called Verg Crex, from the old Harbour and Haven of Vera Crux, fix leagues from this; and focalled for that upon good Friday at was firft difcovered. But the old VeraCrux proving too dangerousan Harbour for thips, by reafon of the violence of the Northern winds 3 it wasutterly forfaken by the Spaniardsywho removed to St. Fobx De Vibua,where their fhips found the firkt fafe road by reafon of a Rocke, whichis a ftrong defence againftthe winds. And becaufe the memory of the workeof that good Friday thould never be forgotten;toS. Fobnd: Vl. hua they have added the name alfo of Pera Crax,taken from that firftHaven which was difcoveredupon good Friday, Anno .1 519. As fooneas we came to fhore, wee found very fol ment, all the Towne being reforted to the Sea fide j Cathedrall Church, allthe religious Orders of the feverali Convents ( which are there Dominicans, Francifcans, Mercenarians, and Jefuites }) being ina readincfle with their Croffes borne before them, to guidethe new Viceroy of Mexico, in procefli- on to the chiefe Cathedrall Church. The F ryersand Jefuites were qnicker in going to land then the great Doz the Marqueffe de Serralvd and his Lady. Some of them kiffed the ground as holy intheir opinion, for the Converfion of thofe Indians to Chri« ftianity , who before had worfhipped Idols, and facrificed to Devils; others kneeled upon their knees making fhort prayers, fometo the Virgin A4ary,othersto fuch Saints as they belt affe€ted ; and fo betooke themifelves to theplaces and ftations of thofe of tseirprofeflion. In the mean time all the Cannon playing both from fhips and Caftle, fanded the Viceroy and his Lady and all his Traine,accompanyed with Don Martin de Carrillo the Vifiter generall for the ftrife between the Count of Gelves the laft Viceroy,8 the Archbithop of ALexico. The great Don and his I ady being placedundera Canope of ftate,began the Te Deumto be fung with much variety of muficall inftrumente, all mar- ching in proceffionto the Cathedrall,w here with many lights ef burning lampes, tor- ches,& Wax candles,was to the view of ail,fetuponthe highA Itar their Cod of bread, sowhom all knecs were bowsd,a prayer of thanks-giving furg, holy water bya Preitt i | {prinkled emne preparations for entertain« all the Preiftsand Canons ef the A New Survey of the Wekt-Indies. _ {prinkled upon all the people,and laftly a Mafle with three preifts folemnly celebrated. This being ended the Viceroy was attended on by the Chief High Juttice, named Ao calde Major by the Officers ofthe Town ,fome Judges fent from A4exico to that purpofe, and all the Souldiers of the Ships and Town unto bis lodging; The F ryers likewife in Proceflion with their Croffe before them werecondudted totheir feverall Cloifters. Fryer Calve prefented his Dominicans to the Prior of the Cloifter of St. Deminicke,who entertained us very lovingly with fomefweet Meates, and every one with a Cup ‘of the Indian drink called Chocolatte, whereot I thal! fpeake hereafter. This refrefhment being ended, wee proceeded to a better, which was a moft ftately Dinner both of Fifk and Fleth; no Fowles were{pared, many Capons, Turky Cocks, and Hens were pro- digally lavifhed, to thew us the abundance and plenty of Provifion ofthat Country. The Prior of this Cloifter was no flayed, ancient, grey-headed man, fach asufually are made Superiours to govern young and wanton Fryers; but hee was Gallantand Amo- reus young Sparke, who (as wee were there informed) had obtained from his Superi- our.the Provinciall the Government of that Convent with a Bribeofa thoufand Die: Kats. After dinner hee had {ome ofus to his Chamber, where wee cbferved his light- neffe and little favour of Religion or Mortification in him ; We thought to have found in his Chamber fome ftately Library,which might tel us of Learning and love of Study; but we found not above a dozen old Bookes,{tanding ina corner covered with duftand Cobwebs, as if they were afhamed that the Treafure that lay hid in therm, fhould be fo much forgotten, and undervalued, and the Guitarra (the Spanif> Lute) preferred and fet above them, His Chamber was richly drefled and hung with many pi&ures, and with hangings,fome made with Cotten Wooll, others with various coloured feathers of Adechoacan, his Tables covered with Carpets of Silk; his Cubboards adorned with feverall forts of China Cups and Difhes, ftored within with feverall dainties of fweee Meatesand Conferves. _ q This fight feemed to the zealous Fryers of our Miffion moft vaine, and unbefeeming apooreand mendicant Fryer ; to the others, whofe endin comming from Spain to thofe parts was Liberty, andloofneffe, and covetoufnefle of riches, this fight was plea- fing and gave them great incouragement to enter further into that Country, where foone a Mendicant Lazarws might become a proud and wealthy Dives. The difcourfé of the young and light headed Prior wae nothing but vaine beafting of himfel!, of his birth,bis parts, his favour with the chiefe Superior or Provinciall, the love which the beft Ladies, the richeft Merchants Wives of the Towne bare unto him, of his cleere and excellent voice, and great dexterity in Mufick, whereof he prefently gave us a talte, tuning bis Guitztre and finging to us fome verfes (as hee faid, of his owne compoling) fomelovely AmaryHis, adding {candallto fcandall, leofeneffe to liberty 5 which it grieved fome of us to fee ina Superiour who fhould have taught with words , and in his lifeand Converfation examples of Repentance and Mortification, No foon< er were our fenfes of hearing delighted well with Mufick, our fight with the objets of Cotten- Wool,Silke and Feather workes, but prefently our Prior caufed to be brought forth of all his ore of dainties, fuch variety as might likewife relifh well and delighé our fenfe of talting. Thus as wee were truely tranfported from Exrope to Ameri¢a, fo the World feemed truely to bee altered, our fenfes changed from what they werethe night & day before when we heard the hideous noife of the Mariners hoifing up Sailes, when wee faw the deep and monfters of it, when we tafted the ftinking water, when we {melt the Tarre and Pitch;but here wee heard a quivering and trembling voice and initrument well tuned, wee beheld wealth and riches, wee tafted what wasfweet, and inthe Sweet-mieates {mele the Muske and Civit, wherewith that Epicurean Prior had feafoned his Conferves. Here wee broke up our difcourfe and paftimes, defirovs to walke abroad and take a view of the Towne,’ having no more timethen that, and the next day to flay in it. . Wee compaffed it round about that afternoone; and foundthe © fituation of it to bee fandy, except on the South- Wet fide, where itis Moorith ground, . and full of ftanding Bogs, which with the great heates that arethere, caufe it to beea very unhealthy place ; T he number of Inhabicants may bee three thoufand,and amongft them fome veryrich Merchants, fome worth two hundred, fomethree hundred, awd fome foure hundred thoufand Duckats. Of the buildings tittle we obferved , for they areall,both Houfes, Churches, and Cloitters buile with Boards and Timber,the Walls — of the richelt mans houfe being made but of boards swhich with the impetuous Pee | ri Aue | if F e i: : * ay hh ee ‘ Hy) Wy if j h q ay if) i iy m | j i} & 5 ay tia yi 74 He a ea t i : : eas) ey ye vi i i | 40 4 dl Be" / { i if i Ay KF | % A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. from the North hath bin caule that many times the town hath bin for the moft part of it burntdown tothe ground. The great Trading from Mexico, & by Adexice from the Eaft India’s, from Spain, from Cuba, Sto. Domingo, Fucatan,Portables,and by Portabello from Perufrom Cartagena,and all the Iflands lying upon the North Sea,and by the River 4]- varado going up to Zapatecas,St. Ildefonfo,and towards Guaxaca, and by the River Gri- jala, running upto T abafco, Los Zoques and Chiapa de Indios, maketh thislittle Town very rich, andto abound with all the Commodities of the Continent Land, and of all the Ealt and West-India’s Treafures. The unhealchineffe of the place is the reafon of the paucity of Inhabitants, and the paucity ofthem, together wich the rich Trading and commerce, the reafons that the Merchants therein are extraordinary rich; who yet might have been farre richer, had not the Town been fo often fired,and they in the fire hadgreatloffes. Allthe ftrength of this Towne is firft the hard and dangerous en- trance into the Haven ; and fecondly,arock which lyeth betore the Town leffe thena Masket fhot off, upon which is builea Cafile, andin theCafile a flight Garrifon of Souldiers: In the Town there is neither Fort, nor Caftle , nor fearce any people of warlike mindes. The Rocke and Caftleareas a Wall, defences and inclofure tothe Haven, which otherwife lyeth wide-open to the Ocean, and to the Northern Winds. No Shipdares caftanchor within the Haven, but onely under the Rock and Cattle, and yet not fureenough fo with Anchors, except with Cables alfo they be bound and fattened to Rings of Iron for that purpofe to the fide of the Rock ; from whence fome- timesit hath happened that Ships floating with the Stream too much on one fide the Rocke have been driven off and caft upon the other Rockes or out to the Qcean , the Cables of their Anchors, and thofe wherewith they have beene faftned to the Caftle being broken with the force ofthe Winds. This happened to one of our Ships the firft night after we landed;who were happy that we were not then at Sea; for there arofe fuch aftorme and Tempeit fromthe North, that it quite broke the Cables of one Ship and drove it out to the maine Sea, and wee thought it would have blowne and droven us out of our beds afterit,for the flight boarded houfes did fo totter & fhake, that we ex+ pected every houre when they would fal upon our heads. We had that firit night enough of St. Fobnde Vibuay and little reft, though feafted as well at Supper as at Dinner by our vaine beafting Prior, who before wee wentto bed, had cautéed allour feet to bee wafhed, thatnow ineafier beds then forabove two moneths together the ftrait and narrow Cabins of the Ship had allowed us, our fleep might be more quiet, and more nourifhing to our bodies ; but the whittling Winds and cottering Chambers, which made our Beds uneafie Cradles to us, caufed us to flie from our relt at midnight, and with our bare (though wafhed) feet to feeke the dirty Yard for fafer fhelter. In the morning the Fryers ofthe Cloifter who were acquainted with thofe winds and ftorms, laughed atour fearefulneffe, afluringus, that they never flept better then when their Beds were rocked with fuch like blafts. Butrhat nights affrightment made us weary already of our good and kind entertainment; wee defired to remove from theSea fides which our SuperiourCalze yeeldedto, not for our feare fake fo muchyas for his feare, left with eating too much of the fruits of that Countrey , and drinking after them too greedily of the water (which caufeth dangerous Fluxesyand hafteneth death to thofe that newly come from Spain to thofe parts.) wee fhould fall fick, anddie there,as hun« dreds did after our departure for want of temperance intheufe of thofe fruits, which before they had neverfeen, oreaten. Thirty Mules were ready for us. which had bin brought a purpofe from AZxico,and had waited for us in St. fobn de Ulbua fix days before ever the Fleet arrived. Calvethat day bufied himfelfea Ship board in fending to fhore our Chefts, and fuch Provifion as had been left of Wines; and Bisket, Gammons of Bacon, and falted Beefe,whereof therewas fome flore,befides a dozen Hens and three ’ Sheep, which was much wondred at,that fo much thould be left after fo long a voiage. In the mean time we vifited our friends and tooke our leaves of them in the forenoone; and after Dinner feats were prepared for us inthe Cathedral] Church to fit and fee a Comedy a&ed, which had beene on purpofe fiudied and prepared by the Town for the entertainment of the new Viceroy of Mexico, Thus two daies onely we abode in Sc. Fob de Vibua.and fo departed. , GH AP. oi Sein sce miIS, eel ht: a Sone A NewS urvey of the Weft-Indies. 4 CHAP. IX. of our journey frem S*. Johnyde Ulhua to Mexico; and of the moft remarke- able Townes and Villages in the way. bs The firft Indians we met with, was at the old Vera Crux, a Towne feated by the fea fide, which the Spaniards that firft conquered that countrey thought to have made their chief Harbour;but afterwards by reafon of the {mall fhelterthey found in it for their {hips againft the North winds, they left it,and removed to S. Fobn de Vib. Here we began to difcover the power of the Preifts and Fryersover the poore Indians, and their fubjeCtion and obedience unto them. The Prior of S. Fobe de Ulbus had writ a letter unto them the day before of our paffing that way,charging them to meet usin the way, and to welcomeus into thofe parts;which wasby the poor Indians gal- lantly performed; fortwo miles before we came to the Towne,there met us on Horfe- back ome twenty of thechiefe of the Towne, prefentingunto every one of us a nofe- gay of flowers ; whorid beforeusabow fhot, tillwe met with more company on foot, to wit,the Trumpeters, the Waits; ( who founded pleafantly all the way be- fore us ) the Officers of the Church, fuch as here we call Church-wardens, though gorein number , according to the many fodalities or confraternities of Saints whona (they ferve, thefe likewife prefented to each of us anofegay ; nextmet us the finging men and boyes, all the Quirifters, who foftly and leifurely walked before us finging, Te Deum laudamus, till we cameto the midftof the Towne, where were two great Elmetrees, the chiefe Market place;tthere was {et up one long arbour with green bowes, and a table ready furnifhed with boxes of conferves, and other fweat meates,and diee- bread, to prepare our ftomacksfor acup of Chocolate, which while it was {cafoning with the hot water and Sugar, the chiefe Indians and Officers ef the Towne made a fpeech unto us, having firtt kneeled downe and kiffed our hands one by one; they wel- comed us into their Countrey, calling us the Apoftles of Jefus Chrift, thanked us for shat we had left our own Countrey, our friends, our fathers aud mothers fer co fave thcirfoules; they told us they honoured us as Gods upon earth; and many fach com- plements they ufed till eur Checolatte was brought. We refrethed our felves for the {pace of one hour,and gave hearty thanks to the Indians for their kind refpets unto us,aflu- ring them that nothing was more deare snto us in this world then their fouls, which that we might fave, wee regarded not fea, nor land dangers, nor the ushumane cru- elties of barbarous and favage Indsans,(who as yet had no knowledge of the true God ) no nor our owne lives. " : | And thus we took our leaves, giving unto the chief of them fome Beads,(ome medals, fome Croffes of brafle, forne Agum Dei,fome reliques brought from Spain, and to eve- ry one of the Town an Indulgence of fourty years (which the Pope had granted unto us, to beftow where and upon whoth, andas oftem as wee would ) wherewith we began to blind that fimple people with ignorant, erroneous, and Popith principles.As we went out of arbour to take our Mules, behold the Market place was full of Indian men and women; whoas they faw us ready to depart, kneeled upon the ground as adoring us fora blefling, which as we rid along, we beftowed upon them with liftedup hands on high, making over them che figneof the Croffe. Andthis fubmiffion ofthe poor /a- dians unto the Preifts in thofe parts; this vain-glory in admitting fuch ceremonious entertainment and publike worfhip from them, did fo puffe up fome of our young Fry- ers hearts,that already they thought themfelves better then the bett Bithops in Spaizs whothough proud enough, yet never travail there with fuch publike acclamations as wedid. The Waitsand Trumpets founded againe before us, and the chiefe of the | Town condu&ed.usa mile forward, and fo tooketheir leaves. The firft twordaies we lodged butin poore fall Indian Townes,among whom we ftill found kind entertain- ment, and good ftore of provifion, elpecially of Hens, Capons, Turkeys, aud feve- D rall sen Be RRR é $ < ee iota i eR STII a RO i } "A New Survey of the VVelt-Indies. rail forts of fraits. The third day at night wecametoa great Towne confitting of neeve two thoufand inhabitants, fome Spaniards, Lome Indians, called Xelappa de la Vera Crux. This Towneia the yeare 1634. was made a new Bifhops Sea ( the Bifho- prick of the City, called La Puebla de los Angeles being divided inte two) and this be= ing not above the third part of it, is thought to be Worth ten thoufand duckats.a yeer. ic ftandsin a very fertile foile tor Indian wheat called CMaiz, and fome Spanifls wheat. Therearemany Townes aboutit of Indians; butwhat makesit rich, are the many farmes of Sugar, and fome which they call Eftantie’s, rich farmes for breeding of Mules, and cattell ; and likewife {ome Farmesot Cochinil, In this Towne there is but one great Church andan inferiour Chappell, both belonging to a Cloifter of Francifcan Friers, wherein we were lodged that hight and the next day, being the Lordsday. Though the revenues of this Cloifter be great, yetit maintaines not a- bove halfea dozen Fryers, where twenty might be plentifully maintained, that fo thofe few lubbers might be more abundantly, and like Epicures fed and nourifhed. The Superiour or Guardian of this Cloifter was.no leffe vaine then the Prior of S,ebn de Ulbuaand though ke were not of our profeflion, yet he welcomed us with ftately entertainment. Here and wherefoever further we travailed, we ftill found in the Preifts and Fryers loofeneffe of life, and their waies and proceedings contrary to the i \ waiesof their profeflion , fworneto by a folemne Vow and Covenant, This Order elpectally of the mendicant Francifcan Fryers voweth ( befides chaltity and obedience) poverty more {tridly to be obferved, then any other Order of the RomifbChurch; for their Clothing ought to be corfe fackcloth, their girdles made of hemp fhould be no finer then @rong halters, their fhirts fiould be bur woollen, their legs fhould know no ftockings, their feet no fhoes,but at the moft and belt either wooden clogs,or fandals of hemp,, their hands and fingers fhould not fo much astouch any money , nor they have the ufe or pofleffion or propriety of any , northeirjourneysbe madeeafy with the help of Horfestocarry them, but painfully chey oughtto travaile on foot; and the breach of any of thefe they acknowledge to beadeadly and mortall finne, with the guilt of a high foul-damning and foul-curfing excommunication. Yet for all thefe bonds and obligations, thofe wretched Impes live in thofe parts as though they had never vowed untothe Lord, fhewing in their lives that they have vowed what they arenotableto performe. _ Jt was tousa ftrange and {candalous fight to fee herein Xalappaa Fryer of the Cloifter riding in with his lackey bey by his fide,npon ‘a goodly gelding, ( having gone butto the Townes end, as we were informed, to hearea dying mans confeflion ) with hislong habit tucked up to his girdle, making thew of a fine filke orange colour ftockin upon hisegs, anda neate Cordovan fhoe upon his foot, with a fine Holland paire of drawers, with alacethree inches broad at knee. This fight made us. willing to pry further into thisand the other Fryerscarriages, under whofe broad fleeves we could perceive their dublets quilted with filke,and at their wrifts the laces of their Holland thirts.{n their talke we could difcerne no mortification, but meer vanity and wordlineffe. After {upper fome of them began to talk of carding and dicing;they challenged us, that were but new comers to thofe parts,to a Primera;which though mott of ours refufed,fomefor want of money,fome for ignorance ofthat game, yet at lait with much ado they got two of our Fryers to joyn with two of theirs:fo the cards were handfomely fhuffled,the vies and revies were doubled, Jofle made fome hot & blind with paflion,gain made otherseager and covetous; and thus was that religious Cloifter made all night a gaming houfe,and {worne religious poverty turned into pro- fane and worldly covetou(nefle. We that beheld fome pat of the night the game,found enough to obferve, for the more the {port increafed, {candalls to the {port were added, both by drinking and {wearing that common oath Voto 2 Chrifto , Voto a Dios, and alfo by {cofing and jearing at the religious vowes of poverty which they had vowed ; for one of the Francifcans though formerly he had touched money, and with his fin- gers had laid it to the ftake on the table ;. yet fometimes to. make the company laugh, if he had chanced to winnea double vie ( and{fometimesthe vies and revies went round of twenty patacons ) then would he takethe end of one fleeve of his habit, and open wide the other broad flecve , and fo with his fleeve {weep the money into his ether fleeve, fayingy! have vowed notte touch money, norto keep any, I meaned then a naturall conta& of ic; butmy fleeve may touch it, and my fleeve may kcep it: fhewing with (coffes and jefts of his lips, what religion was in his heart. My eares tingled with hearing A New Survey of the Wefi-Indies. 7 oo a7 | nope ee hearing fuch oatkes,my tongue would have uttered fomie words of reproofe; buethat I coniidered my felf a gueft and ftranger in a ftrange houfe,and that if any thing I thould | fays it would doe no good ; {o filently I departed to my reft, leaving the Gametfters, who continued til Sun-rifing,and in the morning I was informed that the jetting Fryer, that rather roaring Boy then religious Francifcan, fitter for Sardaxapalus or Epicurus his Schoole, then to live in a Cloifter, had loft fourefcore and odde Patacons, his fleeve (it feemes) refufing to keep for him what hee had vowed never to poffeffle. Here I be- gan to find out by experience of thefe Francifcans, that liberty and loofnefle of life it was that brought yeerly fo many Fryers and Jefuitesfrom Spain tothofe parts, rather then zeale of Preaching the Gofpel and Converting Soules to Chrift, which indeed be- ing an actof higheft Charity,they make a {peciall badge of the truth oftheir Religion: But theloofnefle of their lives theweth evidently that the love of money,of vain-glory, _ of Power and Authority over the poore Indéans, is their end andaime morethen any love of God. From Xalappa we went to a place called by the Spaniards, La Rinconada, which is no Towne nor Village,and therefore not worth mentioning in fuch a Rodeas now Fam in; yetasfamousin twothings, ic muft not bee omitted amongtt greater places. This place ftands fo far from any other Town,that Travellers can fcarce make their journeys without either baiting there at noone, or lyingthereat night, or de- clining three or foure miles out of the Rodeto fome Imdian Town. Jt isnomore then one houfe, which the Spaniards call, Venta, or as our Englifo,Innes,{eated in the corner ofa low Valley, which is the hotteft place from St. Fobude Vibuato Mexico, about it are the beft Springsand Fountaines in all the Rode,and the waterthough warme with the heat of the Sun,yet as {weet asany Milk-The Inne-keeper knowing wel the Spaniards heat,that it feeks coole and refrefhing drink,have fpeciall care fo to lay in water in great earthen Veflels,which they fet upon a moift and waterith Sand,thatitis {0 cold that it maketh theteeth to chatter. This {weetnefle and this coolnefle together of that water in fo hot and {corching a Countrey, was tous a wonder, who could find no other refrefl- ment fromthat extraordinary heat. Befides our Provifion hereof Beefe, Mutton,Kid; Hens, Turkeys, Rabbets, Fowles, and efpecially Quailes, was fo plentifull and cheape, that wee were aftonifhed at:it. The Valley and Countrey about itis very rich and fertile, fullof Spanifh Farmesof Sugar, and Cochinil, Spanifo and Indiaz Wheate. But what maketh mee more efpecially remember this Venta, or Inne, is, for that though Art and experience of man have found a way to provide for Travellers in fo hot a place coole and refrefhing water, and God have givenit the fweetnefle of Milk, and to the place fuch abundance of Provifion, yet all thisin the day onely is comfortable and pleafant; but in the night the Spaniards call it, Comfttes en infierno, that is to fay 5 Cunmfits in hell, for not onely the heatis fo extraordinary, thatit is impoflibleco bee feeding without wiping away the continuall {weat of the Face, whofe drops from the Browes are alwaycs ready to blind our eyes and tofill with fauce our difhes, but the {warmes of Gnats are fuch that waking and fleeping no device of man is able to keep them off. True itis, moft ofus had our Pavilions which wee carried (with us to hang about and over our beds, but thefe could not defend us from that piercing and ftinging Vermine, which like Egypes Plague of Frogs would befure to be in every place, and through our Curtaines to come upon our very Beds, Yetin the day they are not; but juft at San fetting they begin to fwarme about, and atSun rifing away they oe. Aftera moft tedious and troublefome night, when weefound the rifing of the Sun had difperfed and banifhed them away , wee thought it belt for us to flieaway from that place wich them and fo from thence earely wee departed to a Towne as pleafant and fertill and abounding with Provifion as this Rizconeda, and free from fach bufie guefts and individuall Mates and Companions as the night before had intrudedthem= felvesupon us. Thenext night wee gotto. a Towne called Segura, inhabited both by Indians and Spantards, confilting ofabout a thoufand Inhabitants; here again without any charges we were ftately entertained by Francifcan Fryers,as light and vain glorious asthofe of Xalzppe. This Town had its firft beginning and foundation from Hereando Cortex, and is called Segura de la Frontera, being built up by him for a Frontier Town ro fecurethe Spaniards that came from St. FobndeUlhusto Mexico, againtt the Culbz- acaus and people of Tepeacac, who were alliedtothe Afexicans, and fo much annoyed the Spaziards, But what moft incenfed Cortez was,that after his firft repulfe from Adexi~ cy the dndians infulting over him and the reft ef his Company, whom they Sara ce! 2 ech 2 : ee oe a i] i oe — ioe St BUNINOIR irae oo a Bea hr oa Fee SM ERAT OT SIC Se ee ee SR EN, ee, oe ee SERGEY , A New Sabuey Of the Ww eft-Indies. | beene dangeroully wounded, and were retired to Tlaxcatanto recover and firengthen themfélves ; the cwo Townes, Ca/bua and Tepeacac, thenin League with the AZxi« _cansagainit Cortez and the Town of T laxcallen, lying in wait forthe Spaniards, took twelve ofthent, and facrificed them alive totheir Idols and eat their tlefh. Where- apon Corte defired Adaxixcs, a chief Captain of Tlaxcallan, and divers other Gen- tlemen of that Towne to goe with himand tohelp him to bee avenged of the people of Tepeazac for the cruelty ufid cotwelve of his Spaiards , and for the daily and great hurt they alfu did tothe Inhabitants of T laxcallan with the helpe of their allied friends the Culhuacans and Adexicans.. Maxixcz andthe chief of Tlaxcallan forthwith entred into coun(el! with the Statesand and Communalty of the Town, and there determined with general! confentto giveuntohim forty Thouland fighting Men,belides many T «+ memez, who are Foot Carriers, to beare the Baggage, Viftuall, and other things. With this number of Tlaxcalteca’s, hisowne men, and horles, Cortez went to Tepeacac, requiring them infatisfaétion of the death of the twelve Chriitians, that they thould now yeeld themfelves tothe obedience of the Emperour and King of Spain his Matter, and hereafter never more to receive any Adexican into their Town or houfes, neither yer any ofthe Province of Culbua. The Tepeacacs anfwered that they had flain the Spa- niards for good and jult caufe, which was that being time of Warre, they prefumed to pafle through their Countrey by force without their willand Licenfe. And alfo that the Mexicans and Culbuacans were their friendsand Lords, whomalwayesthey would friendly entertaine within their Towne and houfes, refufing utterly their offer and re- queft, protelting to giveno obedienceto whom they knew not, wifhing them there- fore to return incontinent to Y/laxtallan,except they had defireto end their weary days, and to be facrificed and eaten up as their twelve friends had been. Cortez, yet invited them many times with peace ; and (eeing it prevailed not, he began his Wars in earneft. The Zepeacacs with the favour of the Culbuacans were brave and Iufty, and began to ftop and defend the Spaniards entrance into their Town. And being many in number with divers valiant men among them, began to ckirmith fundry times; but at the end they were overthrown and many flain without killing any Spaniard, although many T laxealteea’s were killed that day. The Lordsand principal! Perfons of T epeacae {ce- ing their overthrow, and that their ftrength could not prevaile, yeelded themfelves unto Cortez for Vaflals of the Emperour with condition to banifh for ever their allied friends of Culhbwa, and thathee fhould punith and corre& at his will and pleafure all thofe which were occafion ofthe death of the twelve Spaniards. Forwhich caufes and ebftinacy , at the firft Cortez judged' by his fentence that all the Townes which had been privy to the murther, fhouldfor ever remain Captives and flaves ; others affirm thathe overcame them without apycondition , and correéted themfor their difobedi~ ence, being Sodomites,Idolaters and eaters of mans flefh,and chiefly for example of all others. And in conclufion,they were condemned for flaves,and within twenty daiesthat thefe Ware lafted, hee pacified all that Province, which is very great, hee drave from thence the Culbuacans, heethrew down the Idols,and the chicfeft perfons obeyed him. And for more affurance he builtthere this Town naming it Segura DelaFrontera, ap- pointing all Officers forthe purpofe, whereby the Chriltians and ftrangers might patfe without danger from Vera Crux to Mexico. This Town likewife, asall the reft trom St. Luba de Vie-ua to Mexico, is very plentifull of provifion, and many forts of fruits , namely Plantins, Sapots, and Ghicofapots, which have within a great black kerneil as big as our horfe Plume, the fruit it felf is as red within as Scarlet, as {weet as Honey ; but the Chicofapotte, isleffe and fome of them red, fome browne coloured,and fo jui- cy that atthe eating the juyce likedrops of Honey fallfromthem, andthe fmell is like unto a baked Peare. Here likewife were prefented unto us Clufters of Grapes as faire as any in Spain, which were welcome unto us,for that wee had feen none fince we camefrom Spain, and weefaw by them that the Countrey thereabouts would be very ft for Vineyards, if the Kingof Sp2iz would grant the planting of Vines in thofe parts; which often hee hath refufed to doe, left the Vineyards there fhould hinder the Trading and Trafique between Spain and thofe parts, which certainly had they but Wine, needed not any commerce with Spain, This Towneis ofa more temperate Climate thenany other from Vera Crux to Mexico , and the people who. formerly had been eaters of Mans fefh, now as civill and politick, as loving and curteousasa- ny anyintherode. From whence wedeclined a little out of our way more Weltward(the rode being North-Weltward ) only to fee that famous. Towne of T laxcallan, whofe inhabicants joyned, with Cort: , and wee may fay were the chiefe inftruments of tha: great and unparalleld Conqueft, CHAP. X; Wherein is {et downe the eftate and condition of the great Towne of Tlaxcallan; when the firft Spaniards entred the Empire of Mexico, Cortez hw firft en- counter with the Tlaxcalteca’s, their league with him ,with a- defcription of the Towne; and of the ftate and condition of it now. t 1% L axcallan being worthall the reft of the Towries aiid Villages between S. Jobs AN: 4: Vlbua and Mexico; I thoughtit notficto parallell ic with the others in XQ naming it briefely and pafling by ivas a Traveller, but rather I judged it con- " venient, and befeeming my prefent Hiftory, to record to pofterity with one whole Chapter, the greatnefle of ir and the valour of its inhabitants, from the con= queft of America made by Hernando Cortez, Whobeingupon his march co (Mexico, and having arrived to Zaclotan, and being informed that the T /axcalteca’s were men of valour, and enemies to A/ontezu#mathe Emperour of A4eixco, thought it his beft po= licy to joyne with them againft the Adexicans. _ Whereupon hee difpatched unto them foure Indians of a Towne called Zempodllan, a3 Ambafladours toacquairit them of his coming into thofe parts, and of his defire to vi- fittheir Towne, not for any harme heintended tothem, but rather for their good, The T /axcalteca’s fearing Cortez,and judging him atriend of Adentezuma, becaufe upori his way to vifithim, and having heard of themany coftly prefents which the Empe= rour had fentunto him, they refolved to refift his coming;and tofend him no an{wer to his ambaflage; but tooke the four Meflengers which he had feng , and imprifoned. them, minding to facrifice them unto their Gods as Efpics. Cortex {eeing che long tars rying of the Meflengers, departed from Zaclotan, without any intelligence from T /ax- eaan.’ Hiscamp had not marched much after their departure frem that place, but they cametoagreat circuit of ftone made without limeor morter, being of a fadome and a halfe high, and twenty footbroad, with loupe holesto fhoot ar; this wall crof fed over 4 whole valley, from one mountain to another, and but one only entranceor gate, in thewhich the one wall doubled agdinft the other; and the way there was fourty paces broad, . infuch fort that it was an evil and perillous paflage, if any had been thereto defend it. Cortez demanded the caufe of that circuit, and who had built it; the Indians that went with him,told him that it was but a divifion from their coun- trey and 7 /axcallan, and that their Anteceflershad made the fameto difturbe the en- trance of the Tlaxcalteca’s in time Of warre, who came to rob and murther them becaule of the friendthip betwixt them and Montezuma,whofe vaflals they were. That ftrange - and coftly wall {eemed a thing of great majefty to the Spaniards, and more fuperfluous then profitable, yet they fulpe&ed thatthe T/axcalteca’s were valiant warriers, who had {uch defence made againft them. But Cortex fetting all fear afide, withthree hun- dred Souldiers on a ranke, entred the way in the wall, and proceeded in good order all the way forwards, carrying the Ordnance ready charged, and he himfelfe the Lea- der ofall his Army, and fometimés he would be halfe a league before them,to difcover. and makethe way plain. And having gonethe fpace of three leagues from that circuits he commanded his Foot-men to make hafte,becaufe it was (omew hat late,and he with his Horfe-men went todefery the way forwards,who afcendirig up a hill, two of the formoft Horfe-men met with fifteen Indians armed with words, and targets, and cuffes of feathers, which they ufedto weare inthe warfes, Thefe fifteen being Spies, when they faw the Horfe-men, began to-flie with fear, or elfe to give advice. Buc Cortez approaching with other three Horfemen called co them to ftay, which they by. no means would hearken unto ; till fix more Horle*men ran after them, and overtooke " them. The Indians then joyning all together with determination rather to die then, to yeeld; fhewed tothe Spaniards fignesto ftand ex Bat the Horfemen es 3 | ay 30 ee meta lay hands on them,they prepared themfelves to battel and fought,detending themfelves fora while.In this fight the /adians flew two of their Horfés, and( as the Spaniards do witnefle }) at two blowesthey cut off a Horfe head,bridle and all. Then came the reft of the Horfemen,the Army alfo of the Indians approacked,for there were in fight neer five thoufand of them in good order, to fuccour their fifteen fighting men ; but chey came too latefor that purpofe, for they were all flain by the Spanifh fury, becaufe they would not render themfelves in time, and had killed two ot their Horfes. Yet note withitanding their fellowes fought,until they efpied the Spans Army coming,and the Ordnance, then they returned leaving the field to the Spawiards, whole Horfe-men fol+ lowed them , and flew about feventy of them, without receiving any burt. With this the Indians perceiving the great advantage which the Spaniards had again{t them with their Horfes,and meaning to come upon them fabtilly with a more powerful Ar- my,that they might the better deceive and deludethem,they fent unto Cortez two of the four Meffengers which had been fent unto them with other Indians, faying, that they of Tlexcallan knew nothing of the things that had happened, certifying likewife that thofe with whom he had fought, were of other communities, and not of their jurif- dition, being forrowfull for chat which had pafled; and for fo muchas it happened intheircoantrey, they would willingly pay for the two Horfes which were flain,pray- ing them to comein good time to their Towne, who would gladly receive them, and enter into their league of friendfhip, becaufethey feemcd tobee valiant men; But all _ this was a feigned anda falfe meflage. Yet Cort:z beleeved themg and gave them thanks for their courtefieand good will; and that according to their requeft he would goe unto their Towne, and accept their friendthip. And touching the death of his Hories, hee required nothing, for that within fhort time heexpected many more; yet forrow-~ full he wasnotfo much for the wantof them,.as that the Indians thould thinke that Horfes could die or beflain. Cortez proceeded forwards about two leagues, wherethe. Horfes were killed,although it waS@lmoft fan (et,and his men wearied, having travelled far that day. He planted his Army by a river fide,remaining all that night with good watch both of Foot-men and Horfe-men, fearing fomeaffault; but there was no at- tempt giventhat night. The next morning at funrifing, Cortez departed with his Ar- my In good order, and in the mid& of chen went the Fardage and Artillerie, andafter alittle marching they met with the other two Meflengers whom they had fent from Zaclotan ; they camewith picifull cryes exclaiming of the Captaines of the power of T laxeallan,who had bound them and detained them from returning; but with good fortune that night they had broken loofe,and efcaped , for otherwife in the morning following they had been facrificed to the God of Vitory , and after the facrifice they had been eaten for a geod beginning of the warres; the T/axcalteca’s protefting to dee the like to the bearded men ( for fo they termed the Spaniards ) and to as man y as came withthem. They had no fooner told their tale, when there appeared behind a little hil about athonfand Indians,very well appointed after their fafhion,and came with {uch a marvellous noife and cry, as though their voyces fhould have pierced the heavens; hur- ling at the Spaniards, ftones, darts, and fhot with bowesand arrowes. Cortez made many tokens of peace unto them, and by his Interpreters defired them to leave thebattail. Burt fo much the more as keintreated for peace, the more hafty and ear- melt were they, thinking eitherto overcomethem, orelfe to hold them play, to the in- tent that the Spaniards {hould follow them to acertaine ambuth that was prepared for them, of morethen fourefcore thoufand men. Here the Spawiards began to ceafe from words, and to lay hand upoutheir weapons; for thatcompany of a thoufand were as many as on the Spaniards fide were fighting men ; though they were well pra&ti= fed inthe warres, very valiant, andalfo pitched in a better place for fight. This bat- tail endured certainehoures, and at the endthe Indians being either wearied, or elf meaning to take the Spaniards inthe {nare appointed, began to flietowards the main battail, not asovercome, butto joyne withtheirown fide, The Spaniardsbeing hot in the-fight and flaughter, which wa8 not little, followed them with all their fardage; and unawares fell into the ambufh, among an infinite numberof Indians armed they ffayd not, becaufe they would not put themfélves out of order, and paffed through their campe with great hafle and fear. The Indians began to fet upon the § ‘pai fb Horfe= men, thinking to havetaken their lances fromthem , their courage was fo ftout; | ma- ny of the Spaniards had there perifhed , had it not becn fortheir Indian friends , er ANew S urvey of the Weft-Indies. hadcome with them from Zempoallan and Zaclatan, Likewife the courage of Cortez did much animate them ; for although hee led his Army making way, yetdiverstimes hee turned him back to place hismenin orders and to comfort them, and at length came out of that dangerous way and ambuth, where the Horfes might help, and the Ordnance ftand inttead, which twothings did greatly annoy.the Indians to their great wonder and marvell, and atthe fight thereof began to flie. In both incoun- ters remained many Indians {lain and wounded,and of the Spanéards fome were hurt,but none killed, who gave moft hearty thankes unto God for their delivery from fo great a multitude as were foure (core thoufand againft one thoufand onely of Indians and Spaniardsjoyned together. The Indians of Zempoallan and Zaclotan did play the va- liant menthat day,wherefore Cortex honoured them with hearty thankes. Then they wentto pitch their Campe in a village called T eoacaz.incoywhere was a little Tower anda Temple,and there fortified chemfelves. The night following the Spanairds {lept nocquiet- ly with fear of a third Invafion of the T /axcalteca’s.As foone as it was day Cortez {ent to the Captains of T/axeallanto require them of Peaceand Friendthip,willing them quict- . ly to fuffer theni to pafle through their Countrey to Aéexico, for that chey meant them no hurt,but rather good wil. The anfwer of the captains of T laxeallan was,that the next day they would come and talke with him and declare their minds.Cortex was well pre- pared that night, for the anfwer liked him not, but rather feemed brave, and a mat- ter determinedto be done, asfome had told him ( whom hee tooke prifoncrs ) who likewife certified that the T/axcalteca’s were joyned tegether, to the number of a hun- dred and fiftythoufand men to give battaile che nextday following, and to {wallow upalive the Spaniards whom fo mortally they did hate, thinking them to bee friends unto the Emperour Adontezumajunto whom they wifhed all evill and mifchief, Theic intent was therefore with all their whole powerto apprehendthe bearded men, and tomake of them a more folemne Sacrifice unto their Gods then at any time they had done, with a generall banquet of their fleth, which they called Celeftiall, : The Captaines of T lexcallan divided their Souldiers into foure Battailes,the one to T epeticpac, another to Qcetelulce, the thirdto Tizstlan, aodthefourthto Quiabuiae tlan, that isto fay, the mien of the Mountaines, the men of the Limepits, the men of the Pinetrees, and the Warermen, allthefefoure forts of men did make the Body of the Gommon-weelth of T/axcalan, and commanded both in time of War and. Peace. Every of thefe Captaines had his jult portion er number of Warriers; but the Generall of all the whole Army wascalled Xicstencal, who was of the Limepits ; end hee had the Standard of the Common-wealth,which is a Crane of gold with his wings {pread, adorned with Emeraldsand filver worke, which Standard was according to their ufe either carryed before the whole Hoft, orelfe behind them all. The Licutenant Generall ofthe Army was Aaxixcazin ; and the number of the whole Army was a hundred and fifty Thoufand men. Such a great number they had ready againft foure hundred Spziards, and feven hundred Indians of Zempoallam and Zaclotan, and yet at length overcome; and after chis fight they were the greateft friends that Cortex had im thofe parts again Adontezums. Thefe Captaines came with their Companies, chat the fields wherethey were feemed a Forreft; They were gallant-Fellowes and well : Armed according to their ufe, although they were painted, fothat their faces fhewed like Devils, with greattuffes of Feathers,and they boalted gallantly. Their Weapons and Armour were Slings, Staves, Speares, Swords, Bowes and Arrowes, Sculles, Splintes , Gantlets, all of Wood, guilt or elfe covered with Feathers or Lea~ ther; their Corfelets were madeof Cetten Wooll, their Targets and Bucklers gallant aad ftrong, made of wood covered with leather and trimmed with Jat- ten, and feathers, their Swords were ftayes with an edge of flint ftone cunningly joyned into the ftaffe, which would cutvery well and make a fore wound. Their in- {truments of War were hunters hornes, and Drummescalled Ataballs made like a Cal= dron and covered with Vellam. So thatthe Spanéardsin all their difcovery of India did never fea better Army togecher,nor better ordered; that which I could not o- mitto {peake of bere, having come inthe orderof my hiftory to T laxcallen, where this numerous and gallant Indian Army was fet forth againft 400 Spaniards and 600 Indians their friends. Thefe Indians thus ordered in Battalia bragged very much as gainttthe Spaniards, and faid amongtt themfelves, What mad people are thefe beard- ed menthat threaten us and yet know usnot? Butif chey will bee fo bold to invade our : New Survey ofthe WVelt-Indies, our Countrey without our licence, let us not fetuponthem fo foone, it is meet they have a little reft, for wee have time enough to take and bind them; let usalfo fend them meat,for they are come with empty flomackes,and fo they {hall not fay that we do ap- prehend them with wearineffe and hunger. Whereupon they fent unto the Spaniards three hundred Turkey cocks and two hundred baskets of bread, called Centli; the which prefent was a great fuccour and refrefhment for the need the Spaniards food in, And foone after, Now ( fay they ) let us goe and fet upon them, for by this time they have eaten their meat, and now we willeatthem, and fo fhall they pay us the vidtu- als that wefent.Thefe & fuch like brags they ufed,feeing {6 few Spaniards before them, and not knowing the ftrength of their Ordnance againit their fo numerous an hott. Then the foure Captaines fent two thoufand of their valianteft men of warre, and old Souldiers, to take the Spaniards quietly, with commandement that if they did refit, either to binde them, or elfe tokilithem, meaning not to fer their whole Army upon them,faying,that they fhould get but fmall honour for fo greata multitude to fight a- gainft fo few. The two thoufand Souldiers paffed the trench chat wasbetwixt the two canipes, and came boldly tothe Tower where the Spaziardi were. Then caitie forth the Horfe-men, and after them the Foot-men,; and atthe firft encounter, they made the Indians fecic how the iron {words wotild cut; atthe fecond, they thewed of what force thofe few in number were, of whom alittle before they had fo jelted ; but at the third brunt; they made thofe lufty Souldiers flie, who were come to apprehend: them, for none of them efcaped, but only a few fuch as knew the paflage of the tren- chesorditch. Then the main battail and whole Army fet forth with a terrible and marvellous noife, and came fo fierce upon the Spaniards, cil they entred into their campe without any refiftance, and there wete at haidy ftrokes with the Spaniards, and in agood {pacecould not getthem out, many of thembeing killed,which were fo bold toenter. Inthis fort they fought four houres, before they could make way among their cnemics. Then thie Ixdiaus began to faint,{eeing fo many dead on their fide, and the great wounds they had, and thatthey could kill none of the Chriftians ; yet the battail ceafed not; tillit drew neere night, and then they retired. Whereof Cortex and hig Souldiers were exceeding glad,for they were fully: wearied with Killing of Indi- ans. The nextday in the morning Correx went fore to ranne the fields as he had done before, leaving halfe his men to keepethe campe ; and becaute he fhould not be efpied, he departed before day, and burned about ten Townes, and facked one Towne’, which was of threethoufand houfes, inthe which were found but few people, becaufe the moft of them were goneto their campe. After the fpoilehe (et fire onthe Town,and came his way tohiscampe witha great prey by noone time. The Indians purfued thinking to take away their prey,and followed them into the camp, where they fought five houres, and couldnot kill one Spaniard, although many of their fide were {lain ; for even as they weremaiy , aid ftoed on athrong together, the Ordnance made a wonderfull {poil among them, fo that they left off fighting, andche victory remained for the Spaniards, whom the Indians thought wereinchanted, becaufe their arrowes couldnothurtthem. Thenextday following, the four Captaines {ent three feve= rall things in prefent to Cortex, and che meffengers that brought them faid. Sir, behold here fiveflaves, andifthou be that rigoroueGod that eateft mans fiefh and blood, eat thefe which webringuntothee, and we will bring thee more. And if thou be the gentleand meek God, behold here frankincenfe and feathers. And if thou bee @mortall man, take here fowle, bread and cherries. Cortez anfwered that both he and his were mortall men even as they were. And becaufe that alwaics he had ufed to telf themtruth, wherefore did they ufétotell him lies, and likewife to flatter him,for he defired to bs their friend, advifing them notto be mad and ftubborn ia their opinion , for if they fodid, affuredly they fhould receive great hurt and dammage. Notwith ftanding this anfwer, there came againe about thirty thonfand of them e- vento Certez his campe, toprove their corflets , as they had done the day before, but they returned with broken pates. Here isto be'noted that although the firft day thé whole holt of Indians came to combat with the Spaniards ; yetthe next day they did ‘thot (c, but every feverall Captaine by himfelfe , for to divide the better the travaile and paines equally among them; and becaufe that one fhould not difturbe another through the multitude, confidering that they fhould fight but with a few, andin anar- tow place; and for this confideration their battails were more fre(h and firong 5 ae each § -In : A New Survey of the Welt each Captain did contend who fhould doe moft valiantly for te get honour, and efpe- cially inkilling one Spaniard, for they thoughe that all their kurts fhould be {aristied with the death of one Speniard,or taking one prifoner. Likewife isto be conficered the ftrangenefle of their battail, for notwithitanding their controverfic fitteen daies that they werethere, whether they fought or no, they fent unto the Spaniards cakes of bread, Turkey cocks andcherries. Butthis policy was notto give them that meat for good will, but onely co efpie and fee what hurt was done amongit them, andalfo to fee what feare or ftomack they had to proceed. . But finding by their many {pies that the Spaniards were nothing daunted nor diminifhed, they refolved to fend unto Cortex Xicotencatl, who was chiete and generall Captain in T laxcallan, and of all the wares; he brought in hiscompany fifty perfons of authority to keep him company. ‘They ap- proached neer where Cortez was,and faluted each other according to the ule of their countrey. Their falutationsended , and the parties being fer downe, Xicotencat/ be- ganthe talke, faying. Sir,] am come on mine owne behalfeand alfo of my fellow Cap- tain and Lievetenant A4axixca, and in the name of many other noble perfonages , and finally in the name of the whole Stateand Common-wealth of Tlaxcallan, to befeech and pray you to admit us into your friendfhip, and to yecld our {elves and countrey € dies. om! unto your King, craving alfo at your hand pardon for our attempt in taking up armes_ againft you, wee notknowing what youwere, nor what you fought for in our coun. trey. And where we prefumed to refift and detend your entrances weedid itasagainkt ftrangers whom weknew net, and fuch men as we had never heretofore feen; and fearing alo that you had been friends to Montezuma, who is, andalivaies hath beeri our mortall enemy: | And we had rather all in general! to end our lives, then to puc our felvesin fubje&tion to him’ for wethinke our felves as valiant men in courage as our fore-fathers were, who alwaies have refitted againft him and his grand-father,who was as mighty as now is he. We would alfo have with{tood you and your force,but we could not , ‘although we proved all our poffibility by night ahdday, and found your ftrength invincible, and we no luckeagainftyou. Therefore fince our fate isfuch, we had rather be fabje& unto you then unto any others; fer wee have knowne and heard by the Zempoallanezes, that you doe no evill, nor came riot to vexe any, bat were mof valiant and happy, as they have feen in the wartes, being in your company. For which confideration, we truft that our liberty fhall not be diminifhed, but rather our own perfons, wives and families better preferved,and our houfesand husbandry not deftroyed. And!in fome of his talke, the tears trickling down his cheeks, be beloughe Cortez to weigh that T laxcallan did never at any time acknowlege any fuperiour Lord or King, nor at any time had come any perfon amongthem to command, butonly he, _ whem now they did voluntarily ele& and choofe as their Superioar and Ruler. Cortez. much rejoyced with this ambaffage, and to feefuch a mighty Captaine, whocomman~ deda hundred and fifty thoufand Souldiers , comeunto his camp to fubmit himfelfe; judging it al(o matter of great weight to havethat Common-wealth in fubjection, for the enterprife which hehadin hand, whereby he fully made an account, that the wars wereatanend, tothe great contentation of him and his company, and with oreat fame and reputation among the Indians.So with a merry and loving countenance he an(wered, laying firlt to their charge,the hurt and damage which he had received in their countrey, becaufe they refuled atthe firftto hearken unto him, and quietly to faffer him to enter into their countrey,as he had required and defired by his meflengers fent unto them from Zachtan. Yer allthis notwith{landiag he did both pardon the killing of histwo Horles, the affaulting of him in thehigh way, and the lies which they had moltcra‘tily ufed with him,(tor whereas they themfelves fought againit him, yet they laid che fault to others ) likewife their pretenceto murther him in the ambuth prepared for him ( enticing him to cometo their Towne ) without making firlt defi- ance according to the law of Arms, Yet thefe injuries notwithftanding , he did lo- vingly receive their offer madein {ubje&tion to the Emperour, and that very fhortly he would be with him in Tlexcallax. Atthisfametime there were Ambaffadours from Montezuma with Cortez, who grieved much to fee the League that was now beginning between the T loxcalteca’s and the Spaniards;they advifed Cortex to give no credit unto them, faying, they meant nothing but treafon, and fies, and to lock them up in Tlaxcallan. Cortez, anfwered the Ambafladours, that although their advice were true, yet he did determineta'goethicher, for that he feared them lefle inthe Towne sa Sa 4 aS ae ~ 34 A New Survey ef the Welt-Indies. the field. ‘They hearing this anfwer and determination, befought him to give unto one of them licence to returneunto Mexico, co advertile AZontuzuma of all that was pat, with an anfwer totheirambaflage, promiling within fix dayes to have newes from Mexico, and cill then prayed him not to depart with his campe, Cortez granted their requelt, and abode therethetime appointed, expecting their an(wer, and within him- felte rejoycing to fee how the Afexicansbegan to feare, that his peace with the T lexcal- teca’s would betheir ruine and deftru&ion, as indeed afterwards it proved. In this mean feafon came many of TZ /sxcallanto the campe, fome brought Turkey cockes, o- ther brought bread and cherries, with merry countenances, defiring them to goechome wita them unto their houfes. The fixe day the A/exican Ambafladour came according to promife, and brought unto Cortez ten jewels of gold, both rich and well wroughe, and fifteen thoufand garments of Cotton exceeding gallant,and mot earneftly befought him onthe behalfe of A4ontezuma,that he fhould not danger himfelfe in truftingto the words of the T/axcatrecad’s, who were fo poore that with neceffity they would rob him of the things and prefents which his Matter had fent him, yea and likewife murther him, knowing of che friendthip between his Mafter and him. At the very fame time all the chiefeft Lords of Tlzxca2an came tointreat him to goe with them to T/exeallax, where he fhould be cherifhed, lodged and well provided : for ic was a great difhonour and fhame unto them to permit fuch perfonages to abide in fach vile cottages, as they werein. And if( faid they}you trutt us not, then weare ready to give you for your fecurity whatfoever pledges or Zages you fhall demand. And they did both (wear and faithfully promife that they might fafely goe wich them , faying alfo that the Oath and Faith of their Common-wealth fhould never be broken for all the goods in the world. Thus was Cortez on both fidesearneftly folicited, and intreated; the Ad. xicans fearing his League and friendthip with the Tlaxcalteca’s , and thefe hoping that his friend{hip with them would be their chiefe protection againft the tyranny of AZontexn- ma. But Certez aiming chiefly atthe Empire of Afexicr, which Afontexuma his diffem- bled friendthip would never helpe him to enjoy ; and fecing the good will of fomany gentlemen his new friends of Tlaxcallan, the moft mortall enemies of Montezuma, and likewife the Iedéans of Zempoallan, of whom he had good credit, did fo impor- tune him, and aflure him of his going, he commanded his F ardage to be laden > and alfo.his Ordnance, and departed toward Tlaxcallan, with as good order as it had been to abattail,and atthe Tower where he had pitched his camp, he left certain croffes for a memory with a great heape of {tones ( which till this day remain in the place, and my felfe have feen them ) andentred into I laxcallan the eighteenth ef September. There came out fuch a multitude of people to {ee him and to meet him in the way, that it was awonder to fee. He was lodged in the greatett Temple, which had many great and tair lodgings fufficient for him and all his company , except the Indians of Zempoallan and Zaclotan his friends, who were lodged inother Temples. He fet cer- taine limits, out of the which he commanded ftraitly that none of bis company fhould paffe upon pain of death, and alfo commanded that they fhould take nothing, but what fhould be giventhem. His commandement was well obferved > for none pref med to goe a ftones caft without his licence. The Indian gentlemen (hewed great plea- {ure and curtefie to the ftrangers, and provided them of all things neceflary, and ma- ny of them gave their daughters unto them in token of true friendfhip , and likewife to have fruit of their bodies, to be brought up forthe wars, being fuch valiant men. Coriex being throughly fatisfied of their hearty good wills, demanded of them the eltate and riches of Afontezuma. They exalted him greatly as men that had proved his force. Andasthey affrmedic was neer a hundred yeers, that they maintained warres with him and his father 4xaiez, and others his uncles and grand-fa- thers; they aflured himalfo that the gold and treafure of Adoniezem2z was without number, and his powerand dominion over all the land, and his people innumerable; for (faid they )he joyneth fometimes two hundred thoufand men , yea and. three hundred thoufand for one battail. And if it pleafed him, he would make as many mendouble, and thereof they were good witnefle, becaufe they had many times fought with them.Cortez told chem he was nothing difconraged at all that his power, but intended ajourney to Afexico, not doubting to oppofe AZontexwma, if hee thould encounter him inthe way. He promifed them likewife that he would free them from his tyranny, and fubduein his way all thofe Townes which wereallied to the A/exi- cans. A New Survey of the Weft-Indies. | cams, and did any way ainoy themand their Common-wealth. They gave him hearty thankes, affuringhim toaffift him and accompany him to Mexico. and for the prefent offered him twentythoufand men, making a folemne League and Cove- nant never to forfakehim. Thus was TJaxcallsn fabdued and {worneto the power and command of the Spaniards , being in thofe times’ one of the chiefeft , though not richeft, Townes in America; whofe Inhabitans after clave mott faithfully to Care zez, and were chief initruments for the fubduing of AZxieo; and therefore to this day are freed from tribute by the Kings of Spaiz, paying not the money which aga _ ~ cribute taxe is layed upon every Indian to bee payed yeerely, but onely in acknow=-_ ledgement of {ubjeCtion they pay yeerely‘one corne of Maiz, which is their Indian Wheat. This great Towne of Tlaxcallan is properly in the Indian tongue as much as tofay, as bread wellbacked, forthere is more Graine called Centli gathered, then in allthe Province, roundabout; In times paft the Towne was called Texcallan , ‘that isto fay, a Valley betwixt two hills. It is planted by a River fide, which {pringeth out of a hill called Aslaneapetec, and watereth the moft part of the Province, and from thence iflaeth outinto the South Sea\, by Zacatullanx. » This Town hath foure goodly ftreets , which are called Tepeticpac , . Ocotelulco, Tizatlan, Quiabuiztlan. Thefirlt {treet ftandeth-on high upona ‘hill, farre from the River which may be about half a League, and becaufeit ftandeth on a ‘hills it is called Tepeticpac, that is to fay, a hill, and was the firft: population , which was founded there on high becaufe of the Wars. An other ftrect is fituated on the hill fide. towards the River; . becaufe at the building thereof, there were many Pine trees; they named it Ocoteluleo > which is to fay, A pine apple plot. This ftreet was ‘beautifull,’ and moft inhabited of all the Town, and there was the chieteft Market place, where all the buying and felling was ufed, and that place they called Tianquiztli; inthat ftreet was the dwel- ling houfe of Afaxixea. Along the River fide in the plaine ftandeth another ftreet cal- led Tixatlan, becaufe there is much Limeand Chalke. In this ftreet dwelled Xicoten- catl, CaptaineGenerall of the whole Common-wealth, Thereisanotherftreet named by reafon of the brackifawater, Quisbuixelen's, but fince the Spaniards came thither,all thofe buildings are almoft altered, after a better fafhionjand built with ftone. In'the plain by the riverifide ftandcth the Town houfe, & other Officesyas in the City of Venice, This Tlaxeallan was governed by Nobleand rich men; they ufednet that one alone fhouldrule , but did rather flie from that-‘Government asfromtyranny, and therefore hated Adontezuma asatyrant. ‘In their Wars (asl havefaid before) they had foure Captaines,which governed each one ftreet,of the which foure they did ele& a Captaine Generall. Alfo there were other Gentlemen, thatwere Under-Captaines, but a finall number. In the Warstheyufed theit Standard to bee'carried behindthe Army , but . - when the battaile.was to be fought,they placed the Scandard,where all the Hofte might fee it, & he that came not incontinent to his Ancientt,payeda penalty: Their Standard had two Crofle-bow Arrowes fet thereon,which they eftcemed, as the Reliques of their Anceftours. ‘This Standard two old Souldies and valiant men, being of the chiefelt Captaines, had the charge to carry, in the which an abufe of foothfaying ei- ther of lofle or vittory was noted. Inthis order they fhot one of thefe Arrowes againit the firft enemies that they met, and if wich that Arrow they did either kill or hurt, it was a token that they (hould have the victory,and if it neither did kil nor hurt,then they affuredly believed that they fhould lofe the field. This Province or Lordthip of Tlax- callanhad 28. Villages and Townes , wherein were contained 150000 houtholders. They are men well made, and were good Warriers, the like were not among the Is- dians. They are very poore, and have no other, riches, but onely the Graine and Cornecalled Centli, and with the gain and profit thereof, they doe both clothe them- felves, and provideall other meceflarics. They have many Market places,but the great- eft and mott ufeddaily, ftandeth in the ftreet of Ocotelulee, which formerly was fo famous,that 20000, perfons came thither in one day to buy and fell, changing one thing for another, for they knew not what money meaned. They have now and had formerly all kind of good policy in the Town ; there are Goldfmiths, Feather= dreffers, Barbers, hot houfés, and Potters, who make as good earthen Vellel, -asis made in Spain. The earth is fat and fruitfull forCorne, fruit, and Pafture, for among _ the Pinetrees groweth{o much grafle, that the Spaniards feed their Cattell there,which in Spain they cannot doe, Within cwo Leagues of the Town ftandeth around hill) of wire. - = — = anid eb ee: a a a a a I i i heat ate ids A New Survey of: the V Velt-Indies. of fix miles of heigth,and five and forty miles in compafle,and is now called St.Barthole- siewes hill, where the {now freezeth. In times paft they called that hill AZatealescie , who was their God for water. They had alfoa God for Wine, who was named Ometocbili, for che great drunkenefle which they ufed. Their chicfeft God was called Camaxtlo; and by another name Adixcevatl, whofe Temple flood in the ftreet of Qcoteluico, in the which Temple there was facriced fome yeceres above cight hundred perfons. In the Towne they fpeak three languages, that is to fay, Na- bualb, which isthe courtly fpeech, and chiefeft in all the land of Adexico; another is called Otomir, which is moft commonly ufed inthe Villages; Thereis one onely {treet that fpeaketh Pivomer, which isthe groffeit {peech. There was alfo formerly in the Town acommon Jayle, where Felons lay in Irons, and all things which they held for finne,were there corre€ted. At the time that Cortez was there it happened that a town{man ftolefroma Spaniardalittle gold; whereof Cortex complained to Maxix- ca, who incontinent made (uch enquiry,that the offender was found in Chelella, which is another great Town five Leagues from thence;they brought the prifoner with the gold, and delivered him to Cortez, todoe with him his pleafure. Cortez would not accept him, but gave him thankes for his diligence; then was hee carried -with a cryer be- fore him, manifefting his offence, andin the Market place upon a Scaffold they brake hisjoynts witha cudgell: the Spaniards marvelled to fee {uch ftrange juftice,and beganto bee more confident that asin this point they had endeavoured to pleafure and right them, fo likewife they fhould afterwards find them very forward to doe their wills and pleafures for, the beteer conquering of Mexico and Montexums. Ocote- inicoand Tizatlan, arethe two ftreets whichnow are moft inhabited; In Ocotelulco ftandeth a Cloifter of Francifcan Fryers who are the Preachers of that Town ; they have there joyning to their Cloifter a very faire Church,to which belong fome fifty Indians fingers, Organifts, players on Muficall Inftruments, ‘Trumpeters and Waits , who fet out the Maffe with a very fweet and harmonious Mufick, and delight the fan- cy and fenfes, while the {pirit is fad and dull aslittle acquainted with God, who will. bee worfhipped in fpirit and in truth. In Tepeticpac and Quiahuiztlan are two Chappels onelysto which onthe Lords Day, andupon other occafions the Fryers of the Cloifter refort to fay Maffe. In this Cloifter wee were entertained aday and two nights with great Provifion of Flefhand Fith, which is very plentifull by reafon of the River; The Fryers are allowed by the Town adozen Indians who are free from other fervices onelyto fithfor the Fryers. They change their turnes by Weekes, foure one Weeke and foure another,except they be called upon for fome {peciall oceafi- on, and then they leave all other worke, and attend onely with fifh upon the Fryers. The Town now is inhabited by Spaniards and ledians cogether; and isthe feat of a chief Officer.of Juttice fent from Spain every three yeares, called Alcalde Adajor , whefe power reachcth to all the Townes within twenty Leagues about. Befides him the Indisns have likewife among themfelves, Alesldes, Regideres and Algwaxilesy fue periour and inferiour Officers of Juftice appointed yeerely by the Alcalde Adajor, who keepesthem allin awe, and takes from them for his fervice as many as hee pleafeth without paying any thing for the fervice done unto him. The hard ufage of this A/- ealde Major and other Spaniards hath much decayed that populous Town,which fhould rather have been cherifhed,then difkeartned by the Spantards,who by meanes of it gain- ed all the reft of the Country. | CHA P. XI. Coniluding the reft of our jonrwey fom Tlaxcallanto Mexico, through the City of Angels, and Guacocingo. 7 KQHE next place moft remarkablein the Rode wherein wee travelled was the ) City called by the Spaniards, La Puebla de los Angeles, the City of Angels. § To the which wee were defirous to goe,knowing that in ic there was a Con- : vent of Dominicans of our profeffion,not having met with any fuch fince the day we departed from St. FobadeUlbue. Here wee refrefhed our felves at leafure three dayes,finding our felves very welcome to our owne Brethren,who {pared nothing that was is = SDA: = x , rs ( 5 Koo = A " a A Ne was fit for our entertainment. Wee vifited allthe City; and tooke large notice of i, judging of the wealth and riches ofitnot only by the great Trading init, but by the many Cloifiersboth of Nunsand Fryers, which ic maintaineth, fuch being: common- ly very burthenfome to the places where they lives an idle kind of beggers who mak: the people believe the maintaining of them is meritorious and faving to their Soules, and that their prayers for them is more worth then the meanesand fuftenance which they receive from them.Of thefe there isin that City avery great Cloifter of fome fifty or threefcore Dominicans,another of more Francifcans,another of Auguftins, another of Mercinarians, another of difcalced Carmelites, another of Jelueits, befides foure of Nuns. This City is feated in alow and pleafant Valley, aboutten leagues from a very high Mountaine,which is alwayes covered with fnow; Itftandeth twenty leagues from Mexico, it was firtt built and inhabired in the yeare 1530. by thecommand of Don Antonio de Mendoza Vi-eroy of Mexico, together with the confent of Sebaftian Ramirez wio was a bifhop, and had been Prefidentin time paft inSto Domingo, and was that yeare in flead of Nannio de Guzman(who hadbehaved himfelfe very evill both with the Indians and Spaniards) {ent to bee Prefidentof the Chancery of Afexico with thefe other foure Judges the Licenciates Foln de Salmeran, Gafio Quiroga, Francifeo Cey- nos, and Abon{s Maldonade, Thete Judges governed the land farre, better then Naznjo de Guzman before them had done; and among other remarkable things they did, was to cauicthis City to bee inhabited; and fetatliberty the, Imdians who inhabited there before, and were grievoufly fuppreffed and inflaved by the Spaniards, and therefore many of them departed from thence, who had inhabited there before, and went to fecketheir living at Xslixco, Handuras, Guatemala and other places, where Warre then was. This City was formerly called by the Indians Cuetlaxesapan , that is to fay, aSnake in water, the reafon was, becaulethere are two Fountaines, the one of evill water, and the otherof good. This Cityisnow a BithopsSea, whole yeerely Revenues fince the cutting off trom it Xzléppa De laVera Crux, are yet worth above twenty thoufand Duckats; By reafon of the good and wholefome aire it dayly increaleth with Inhabitants, who refort from many. other places to live there; but efpecially the yeare 1634..when AZexico waslike to beedrowned with the inun- dation ofthe lake, thoufands left it, andcame with all their goods and Families to this City of the Angels, which now is thought to confift of cen thoufand. Inhabi- tants. That which maketh ic moftfamous istheCloth whichis made init, and is fent farre and neere, and judged now to. bee as good as the Cloth of Segoviz, which isthe beit that is madein Spain, but nowisnot{o much efteemed of, nor fent fo much from Spain to America by reafon ofthe abundance of fine Cloth which is made inthis City of Angels, The Felts likewife that are made, are the bet ofall chat Coun- try ; there is likewile a glafle houfe,which is there a rarity, none other being as yet Knownein thofe parts. Bucthe mint houfe chat is in ic, where is coyned halfe the Silver that cometh from Sacatecas, makes it the fecondto Adsicos and it is thought that in time it willbeeas great and populous as Afexico. Without it there are many Gardens, which flore the Markets with provifion of Salets, the foile abounds with Wheat, and with Sugar Farmes; among the which not farre from this City there isone fo great and populous( belonging tothe Dominican Fryers of A¢exico) that for the work onely belonging unto it, it maintained in my time above two hundred black= more flaves men and women befides their little children. The chicf Town betweene this City.of Angzls, and Afexico, is called Guacocingo confilting of {ome five hundred Indians, and one hundred Spaniards Inhabitants, Here is likewile 4 Cloifter of Fran- cifcans, who entertained us gallantly, and made thew unto us of the dexterity of their Iadiansin Malick. Thofe fat Fryers wanted not likethe reft all Provifion ne+ ceffary for thebody. But theirgreate glory and boafting to us was the education Which they had given tofomechildren of the Town, efpecially fuch as ferved them in their. Cloifter, whom they had brought upto dancing atter the Spanifb fafhion at _ the found of the Guitarra. Andthisa dozen of them { the biggeft not being above fourteene yeears of age) performed excellently for our better entertainment that night, é wee were there till midnight, finging both Spanifb and Indian tunes, capering and dancing with their Caftannettas, or knockers ontheir fingers with fuch dexterity; ag not onely did delight,but amaze and aftonith us. True it is,wee thought thofe Fran cifcans might have been better imployed atthattime in their Quire ac their neers ev otro RPA Ne nn a ‘ i > * x te Se Doin Ri ene a ye a i Ma 4 \ : i 1 from 4 / 23 ai at nh i sn epemerve ge A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. LLL AL RAL A devotionsaccording to their profeflion ; but we ftill found vowed religious duties moreand more negle&ted , and worldlineffe too too much imbraced » by fuch as had renounced and forfaken the world and all its pleafures , {ports and paftimes. This Towne of Guatocingois almoft as muchas Tlaxcallan priviledged by the Kings of Spain; for that irjoyned with Tlaxcallan againt the Mexicans, in defence of Her- nando Cortez, and the rett of the Spaniards that firftconquered thatland. Thefe of Gus cocinzo being confederated with the inhabitants of T laxcallan,Cholella, and Hascacholls firongly defended the inhabitants of Chalco, when they fent to Cortez for {uccour, decla- ringthatthe Adexicans made great {poileamongthem, Which fuccour Cortes at that time not being able to fend thems being bufied in fending for his Vergantines to befiege Mexico by water as well asby land, he remitted them to the helpe of the Tlaxcalheca’s, andunto thefe of Gwacocingo, Choblla, and Huacacholla; who fhewed great valour as yetnever buriedin oblivion, in relieving Cha'co againit the ftrength, and power of Montezuma, which had iffued out of Aexico , to keep the Spaniards from drawing _neer unto that City. For that faGis this Towne with the others fore-mentioned, un- till this day priviledged and highly elteemed of the Spaniards. From hence wee made our laftjourney to theCity of Afexieo, palling over the fide of that high hill which we had dilcovered at the City of Angels, {omethirty miles off. There are no Alpes like untoitfor height, cold, and conftant fnow that lieth uponit. From Spain tothat place we had not felt any (uch extremity ofcold, which made the Spaniards that had conte out of the hotelimate of Spaiz, and endured exceflive heat at {ea > wonder and admire. This laft journey from Guacocinge to Mexico wereckoned to be thirty Exgl fb miles, and of thechirty miles wejudged at leaftthe fifteen to be up and downe the hill. and yet the topof it ( whither we afcended not ) was far higher. From chat highett partof it which wetravailed over , we difcovered the City of Adxico, and the lake a- boutit, which feemed tous tobe neer at hand, ftanding fome ten Englifo miles in a plain fromthe bottome of this mountaine. When Hernando Cortez, went the fecond time from T /axeallan to Adexico 5 to befiege it by land and by water, with Vergantines which for that purpofe he had caufed to be madey on the fide of this mountaine were his land Forces lodged, where many had perifhed with cold, had it not been for the itore of wood which they found there. But inthe morning he afcended upwards on this hill, and fent his fcoutof foureF eot-men and four Horfe-men to difcover, who found the way {topped wich great trees newly cut downe by the AMfexicans, and placed croflewilein the way, But they thin king that yet forwards it was not fo, proceeded forth as well as they might.till ac length the let with great huge Cedars was fuch, that they could paffe no further,and with this newes were forced to return,certifying Cortes that che Horfe-inen could not paffe that way in any wife. Cortez demanded of them whether they had feen any peoples they anfwered No. Whereupon he preceeded for- ward,with all the Horfe-men,and a thoufand F oot-men,commanding all the refidue of his Army to follow him with as much {peed as might be s fothat with that company which he carried with him,he made way, taking away the trees that were cut downe to difturbe his paflage; and inthis order in fhort time paffed hie hoft without any hurt or danger,but with great pain and travaile,for certainly if the AZexicans had been thereto defend that paflage, the Spaniards had not pafled; forit was thena very evill way (though now it beareafonoble wide open rode,where Mules laden with wares from St, Fobt de Vibua, and the Sugar farmes daily paffe ) and the AZxicans alfo thoughe the fame to be fure with the trees which were crofled the Way ; whereuponthey were carelefle of that place, and attended their coming in plain ground ; forfrom Tlaxcal- lan to Adexico are three wayes, of the which Cortez chofe the work » imagining the thing that afterwards fell out , or elfe fome had advifed him how that way was cleare from theenemies. At the defcent of this hill Cortez abode and refted himdfelfe, cill all the whole Army were come together , to defcend downe into the plaine; for from hence they defcried the fires and beacons of their enemies in fundry places, and all thofe who had attended their coming by the other two waies 9 Werenow gathered to- gether, thinking to fecupon them betwixt certain bridges ( which are in the plain made for travellers by reafon of the many dikes andcurrents of water which iffue frona che lake ) where a greatcompany abode expeCting their coming. But Cortez {ent twenty Horfe-men who made way among them, and then followed the whole Army, who flew many of them without receiving any hurt. Thusdid the remembsance of thofe antiqui< pt as COPE ATES Re a Mm MES ETE x PRA RS EMOR TRMEE ie ET . ANew Survey of the Welt- Indies. antiquities newly refrefhed by the obje& of the hill and plain beneath, make thatcold and hard paflage more comfortable aud eafieuntous.- The firft Towne we came to be= low the hill, was Quabutipec, of the juriidi&ion of Tezcaco, where we allo called to mind,that this was the place, neer unto which was pitched the Campe of the Indians of Culkua, which was neer a hundred thoufand men of warre, who were fent by the Seniors of Adexico and Texcuco to encounterCortez; butall ia vaiti; for his Horfe-men ' brokethrough them, and his Artillerie made fuch havock among them, that they were foon put to flighe. Three leagues from hence on our right hand as we travailed, we difcoveréd Texciico by the fide of the lake, and out of the Rode; yet it miniftred unto us matter of a large difcourfe, taken fromthe time of Cortez and thé firlt Conquerets, who found ita great City, and at that time evenas big as Mexico ; thoughinit Cortez met with no refiftance ; for as hejourneyed towardsit, foure principall perfonsinhabicants of it met with his forces, bearing arod of gold with a little flag intoken of peace, fay= ing that Coacnatoyotin their Lord had fentthem to defire him not to miake any {poile in his City, and Townes aboutit; and likewife tooffer his friend(hip,praying alfo that ic might pleafe him with his whole Army to take his lodging in the Town of T excuco,where he fhould be well received. Cortez rejoycing at this meflage, yet jea- Tous of fometreachery, and miltrufting thé people ot Lexcucd ( whole forces joyned with the Afexicans and Culbsacans he had met with alittle befote_.) wenc forward on his way and came to Quahntichan and Huaxuta( which then weréfuburbs of the great City Zezeuco, but now are petty Villages by themfelves , where heand all his hott weré plenteowlly provided of all things neceffary, and threw down the Idols. Thisdone - he entred into the City, where his lodging was prepared ina great houfe, fufficient for him and all the Spaniards, withmany other his Indien friends. Andbecaufethat at his firftentry, hefaw neither women nor children, he fufpe€tcd fome treafon , and forthwith proclaimed upon pain of death that none of his men fhould goe our, In the evening the Spaniards went up into the Zoties.and galleries to behold the City,and therethey fawthe great number of Citizens that fled from thence with their ftuffe,fome towards the mountaines, and others to the water fideto takeboat, a thing ftrange to {ce the great hafte andftirre to provideforthemielves. There were at that time at Jeaft twenty thoufand little boats ( called Canoas )occupied in carrying houfhold-ftuffé and paffengers;, Cortez, would faine have remedied it; bucthe night was fo nigh at hand, that hecould not, He would gladly alfo haveapprehended the Lord, bug hee was one of thefirit that fled unto Afexica. This Towne of Tezcxcoto this day is fa- mousamong the Spaniarés; for that it was one ofthe firtt, if not the firft (( which ac- cording to the Hiltories of thofe parts isvery probable ) that received a Chriltian King toruleandgoverne. For Cortez hearing that Coacacoyocin then King of that City and Townes adjacent was fled , caufed many of the Citizens to be calted before him, and having in hiscompany a young gentleman of a N: blehoufe in that ecountrey,who had been lately chritteneds. and had to nam2 Hernando ( Cortez being bis God-father , who loved him well) faid unto the Citizens, chat this new Chrittian Lord Don Hernando was fonneunto Nezavalpincinsli their loving Lord, wherefore he required them to make hinrtheir King, confidering that Coacnacoyocin was fled unto the enemies, lay ‘ing alfo before them his wicked fac in killingof Cacwzs his owne brother, onely to put him from his inheritance and Kingdome, through the cuticernent of Daahuttimoscin amortallenemy tothe Spaniards. In this fort was chat new Chriltian Dow Hernando ele&ted King, and the fame thereof being blown abroad,many Citizens repaired home again to vific their new Prince fo that in fhort{pace the City wae as well replenithed with people, asit wasbefore, and being alfo well ufed at the Spaxietds hands, they ferved them diligently in-all chingsthat they were commanded. And Den Hernando. - abode ever after a faithfull friend untothe Spaniards in their warres againit Afexieo, and | in {hort time learned che Spanifo tongue. And foone after came the inkabicants of Quabutichan, Husxute, and Autencs co fubmit themfelves , craving pardon’ if in any thing they had offended. Within two daies after Din Hernando was made King of this. great City and Territorie belonging te it ( wholeborders reach unto the borders of Tisxcallan) camecer\ inegentlemen of Hvaxata and Quabutichan, to certifie unto him how all the power ot the AZexicans was coming towards them , and toknow ifit were his pleafnre, that they thouldcarry their wives, = sand other goods into the’ sid mOUns gg Ad Now Steirepef the Wetec, H mountaines, or clfeco bring them where hewas, their feare was fo great. Cortez, tor the King his God-child and favourite made unto them this anfwer, faying, Bee ye of good courage, and feareyenot. . Alfo I pray you to command your wives and families to make no alteration, but rather quietly to abide in your houlés.. And con- cerning the enemies] am glad of their coming, for yee fhall fee how I will deale wich them. Butthe enemies went not to Huanuta,as it was thought. neverthelefle Cortex having intelligence where they were, went out toencounter them with two pieces of Ordnance, , twelve Horfemen andtwo hundred Spaniards, and with many Indians of Tlaxcallan.. He fought withthe enemy, and flew butfew, for they fled to the water, and {fo efcaped in their €anoa’s.-'Thus did Cortex iis Texcuco detend himlelfe and friends from the great powenof the (A4exicans, who daily attempted to be revengéd on him, andthe new Chriftian\King whom he had made. But Cortez thinking that place the moft convenient to lanch his Vergantines to the water, arid hearing that they were fi- nithed at Zlaxcalan, fent Gonzalo de Sandovalto bring them from Tlaxcafan; who atthe border of that Provincemet-with them being broughtin pieces,as. cables,planks _ and nayles, wich all otherfarniture; the which eight thoufand men carried apon their -backes, , There came alfo for their fafe condu& twenty thoufand men of warre, anda thoufand J amemez, who werethe Carriers of viduals, and fervants. Chichimecaterl, a principal] and valiant Indian and Captaine of a thoufand men had the Rere-gard. And Zupitil and Tewtecatl, very principall gentlemen, hadthe Vant-gard with ten thoufand men, Inthe mid{t were placed the Tamemex, and thofe that carried the Foyit, with all the apparellof the Vergantines. Beforethofe two Captains went a hundred Spaviards , and eight Horfe-men, andbehind and laft came Gonzalo de San- doval with all the refidue, and feven Horfe-men. Thus they tocke their way towards Lezeuto, with a_marvellous.noife, crying, Chritians, Chriftians, Tlaxcallan, Llaxcallan , and Spaine. When they came to Tezevco, they entred ia in very «ood order, with thefound of Drummes, Snail fhels, and other like inftruments of mulick; and againft their entry into the Cicy, they put omall their bravery of clorbes, and bufhesof feathers, which wasa gallant fight; they were fix houres in entring into the Towne, keeping theirarray. At the fameof sthis mauy Provinces came to fabmic and offer their fervice unto Cortex, fome for fear of deftru&ion,;and others forthe hae tred which they baretothe Adexicans; fotharnow Cortex was ftrongboth with Spa- uiards and Indians; and. his Court at Tezcneo was.as great, or greaterthen Afontexs- wsa’s formerly had been at Adexico. . And here Cortexmade his preparation for the fiege of Afexice withall hak, and furnifhed himfelfe with fcaling ladders, and other necef- faries fit for fuch a purpof.His Vergantines being nayled and throughly ended; he made afluce, or trench: of halfealeague of Iength, twelve foot broad and More, and two fadomein depth. . This worke was fifty daies. a doing , although there were foure hundred thoufand men daily working; truly.a famous worke and worthy ofmemory, which hath made T excuco glorionfly mentioned , though now almoft decayed in the great number of inhabitants, The Dock or Trench beingthus finifhed, the Vergan- tines were calked with towe and cotton wooll ,: and for want of Tallow and oyle, they were ( as fome Authors report’) driven to take mans greafe, not that Cortez per= mitced them to {lay men for thateffec, but of thofewhich were flaine in the warres, and of fuch as {allied dayly outof. AZexico to hinder this work,and fighting were flainc. The Indians,who werecruel and,bleody Butchers,uling facrifice of mans flefbh,would in this fort open the dead body and-take out the greafe. The Vetgantines being lanched, Cortez multered hismen, and found nine hundred Spaniards, of the which were four- icoreand ix Horfe-mer, anda hundred and eighteen with Crofle-bowes, and Harga- buthes ;.. and allthe refidee had fundry weapons, as Swords, Dageets, Ta rgets, Launces, and Halberts. Alfothey had for armour, Corflets, coats of Mayle, and Jackes.,. They had moreover three great Peeces of caft Iron, fifteen {mall peeces of braffe, and ten handred weight of powder, with ftore of thot, befides a hundred thoufand Indians, men of warre.. On Whitfanday all the Spaniards «came into the field , that great plaine below the high mountaine fpoken of before, where Cortex: made three chiefe Captaines, among whonr he divided his whole Army. Unto Pedrode Alva~ rado the firlt Captainehe appointed thirty Horfe-men , anda aondred and {event Foote-men of the Spaniards, two peeces of Ordnance, and thirty thoufand Tzdians, commanding him te campe in Tlzeopan. Unto-Chriftovsl de Olid the fecond ‘Captaine he VoNee A New Survey of the Weft-Indics. hee gave three and thirty horfemen,and a hundred and eighteen foormen of the Spsnifh Nation, two Peeces of Ordnance and thirty thoufand Infians, and appointed him to pitch his campe in Cxlbeacan. To Gonzalo de Sandoval, who wasthe third Captaine, hee gave three and twenty horfemen, and a hundred and threefcore footmen, two peecesof Ordnance, and forty thoufand Indians, with Commiffion to choofe a placeto pitch his campe. In every’ Vergantine hee planted a pecce of Ordnance 5 ix Hargabufhes, or Croffe:bowes, and three and twenty Spaziards, men moft fit tor that purpofe. Heeappointed alfo Captaines for each, and himfelfe for General], whereof tome of the chiefeft of hisCompany began to murmur, that wentbyland, thinking that they had been in greaterdanger ; wherefore they required*him to goe with the maine battaile, andnot by water. Cortez little efteemed their words; for although there was more dangerin the land then in the watery yet it did more import.to have greater care inthe Warres by water, then onthe land, becaufe his men had beene in theone, andnotinthe other, . Befidesthe chiefeft hopes that Cortez, had to winne Mexice, were thele Veflels, for with them he burned a great part of the Canva’s of Adexico, and the reft hee (olockedup, that they were no hel p unto the Mexicans, and’ with twelve onely Vergantines hee did annoy his enemy as much by water, as che reft of his Armydid by land, All this preparation for the fege of Mexico by land and water, with above a hundred thoufand Indians, befidesthe Spsnirds above men= — tioned , and thetwelve Vergantines by water, was finiflied in this City of Tezcscu, whichis a fufficient argument of the greatnefle of it at that time, maintaining with Pro- vifion fic and neceflary fo many thoufandsof people, and it yeelded matter enough unto us fora large difcourfewhilft not farre from the fight of it wee travelled inthe o- pen and direé& plaine Rodeto AL-xico. And aswetalked of the greatneffe of it.in for- mer times, fo likewife weenow wondered toconfider itto bee but a {mall Govern- ment, where doth conftantly refide a Spanifo Governour fent from Spain, whofe power reacheth to thofeborders of TZ laxcallan and Guacocingo , and to moft of the pet= ty Townes and Villages of the plaine, which were formerly under the command and power of aKing; but noware not ableto makeup above athoufand Duckats a yeer,, which is fuppofed to bee the yeerly revenues of the Governour ; and Texcnce it felf this — day judged toconfift onely of a hundred Spaniards, and three hundred Indizn Inhabi- tants, whofe chiefe riches come by gardening , and fending daily in cheic Canoa’s Herbes and Salets to Afexico.Some wealth likewife they get by their Cedar trees which grow there, and are ready timber forthe buildings of Mexico. Yet nowallo are thefe Cedars much decayed by the Spaniards, whe have wafted and {poiled them in their too too fumptuous buildings. Cortex onely was accufed by Pamfilo de Narvaez, for that hee had {pent {even thoufand beames of Cedar trees in the worke of his owne houte. ~ Gardens there were in Texcwco formerly, that had a thoufand Cedar trees for walls and circuite, fomeofthem of a hundred and twenty foot long,and twelve foot in com- paffe from end to end; butnow that Garden that hath fifty Cedar trees about it, is much regarded. Atthe end of this plain wee pafled through Mexicaleince, which formerly was a great Town, but now not of above an hundred Inhabitants, and from thenceto Guetlavac,a petty Village, yet moft pleafant for the fhade of many fruit trees, Gardens, and ftately houfes which for their recreation fome Citizens of Mexico have. built there,being at the foot of the Cawley which fromthis Town through the Lake reacheth about five Exglifh miles to Mexico. Andthus upon the third day of Odtaber, 1625. wee entred into that famous and gallant City, yet not abiding in it,but onely patling through it,till we came to a houfeof recreation,ftanding among the Gardens in the way to Chapultepzeynamed Saint facintho,belonging to the Dominicans of Manila in the Ez -India’s,(whither our courfe-was intended )where wee were fiately entertained, and abode till after Candlemaffeday, the time of our fecond thi Ping at Acoapuleo,(So. leagues from Adexice)by the South-Sea to (Manila the chief City of the Ilands named Philippinas. A New Survey of the VV atuliidies: CHAP. WIT. Shewing {ome particulars of the great and famous City of Mexico in former times, with a true defcription of it now, and of the State and condition of it the yeare 1625. | » wy SVGQT hath been no final! peece of Policy in the Fryers and Jefuites of A/anila PY andthe Iflands of Philippinas to purchafe neere about Afexico, {ome houle and SY Garden tocarry thither fuch Miffionary Preilts as they yeerly bring from "~~ Spain for thofe parts. For were it not that they found fome relt and place, of Riecreation , but were prefently clofedup in the Cloiftersof AZexico to follow thofe Re# ligious duties (which fore againft their wills mof of them are forced to) they would foone after a tedious journey trom Spain by Seaand land relent of their parpofes of going forward, and venturing upon a fecond voiage by the South-Sea; and would ei- ther refolve upon a returne to Spain, or of f{taying in fome part of America; as my felfe and five more ofmy company did, though fecretly and hiddenly, and fore againit the will of Fryer Calva and others, who had the tutoring and condudting of us. Therefore that all fuch as come from Spaiz to bee fhipped againe at Acoapuke for Philippinas, may have all manner of incouragement, re{t and reereations becomming their Profeffions, whilftthey doe'abide im America, and may not bee difheartned by thofe that live about Mfexico, (who doe truely envy all that paffe that way to Afia)the Fryers and Je(uites have purchafed for their Miffions houfes of Recreation among the Gardens, which are exempted from the power and command of the Superiors of AZexi- ¢o, and are fubordinate unto the Government of the Provincials of Philippinas , who fend from thence their fubfticute Vicars to rule,and to looke tothe forementioned hou- fes and Gardens. To the Dominicans belonged this houfecalled St. Facintho,whi- ther wee werecarried , and where wee did abide neere five moneths, having all things provided that were fit and neceflary for our Recreations, and for our better encourage~ ment to a fecond voiage by Sea, The Gardensbelonging to this houfe might bee of fifteen Acresof ground, dividedinto fhady walkes under the Orange and Lemmon trees: there wee had the Pomegranates, Figges,and Grapes in abundance, with the Plantin, Sapotte, Chicofapotte , Pine-fruit, and all other fruits that were to. bee found in Mexico. The Herbes and Salets, and great number of Spanifh Cardoes which were fold out, brought in a great Rens yeerely; for every day there was @ Cart attended to bee filled and fent to the Market of Aéexico; and this not ‘at fea- fons of the yeere, as herein England and other parts of Ewrope, but at all times and feafons, both Winter and Summer, there being no difference of heat, cold, frofts, and fhow, as withus; but the fame gies all che whole yeer,the Winter differ- ing onely fromthe Summer by the raine that falls, andnot by exceflive frofts that nip. This wee enjoyed without dores; but. within wee had all forts and varieties. both of fith and flefh. What moft wee wondred at, wasthe abundance of {weet-Meats; and efpecially of Conferves that were provided for us; forto everyone of us during the time of our abode there , was brought.on Munday morning halfe a dozen Boxes of Conferve of Quinces, and other fruics, befides our Bickets, to ftay our ftomackes in the mornings and at other times of theday ; for in our ftomackes we found a‘greac difference betweene Spain and that Countrey. Forin Spsinand other parts of Euroge a mans ftomack will hold cut from meale tomeale, and one meale here of goad cheer will nourifh and cherith the ftomack foureand twenty houres; But in A¢exico and o- ther parts of America wee found that two or three houres after a good meale of three or foure feverall difhes of Mutton, Vealeor Beefe, Kid, Turkies,or other Fowles, our ftomackes wouldbce readytofaint, and fo wee were taine to fuppore them with eis theracup of Chocolatte, or a bit of Conferve or Bisket, which for that purpofe was allowed usingreat abundance. This feemed to mee fo ftrange, ( whereas the meat feemed as fat and hearty, exceptingthe Beefe, as oursin Ewrope ) that] for fome fa- tisfaction prefently had recourfe to a Dottor of Phyfick; whocleared my doubt with thisanfwer, That though the meat we fedon was as faire to lookeon, as in Spain ; yet the fubftance and nourifhment in itcame farre fhort of it, by reafon of the patture, which ts dryer and hath not thechange of {prings which the paftures of Ewrope have , but A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. = but is fhort and withersfoone away, But fecondly, heetold mee that the Climate of thofe parts had this effe&, to produce a faire thew, but little matter or fubltance. As in the flefh wee fedon; fo likewile in all che fruits there,which are molt faire and beau- tifull co behold, moft {weet and lufcioustotaite, butlictle inward virtue or nourifh- ment at allinthem, not halfe chatisin Spanifh Camucfa, or Englifh Kentifo Pippin. . And as in Meat, and fruic there isthisinward and hidden deceit; {o likewife the fame is tobeefound inthepeoplethat are borne andbred there, who make faire outward fhewes,but are inwardly falfe and hollow hearted, Which I have heard reported mucla among the Spaniards to have beene the anfwer of our Queene Elizabeth of England to fome that prefented unto her of the fruits of America,that furely where thofe fruits grew, the women were light,and all the people hollow and falfe hearted. But further reafons I omit to fearch into for this, of experience onely I write,which taught methat little fab- {tance & virtue is in the great abundance and variety of food which there isenjoyed,our ftomackes witnefling this truth,which ever and anon were gaping and crying, F eed, feed. Our Conferves therefore and dainties were plentifully allowed us; and all other ins couragements and no, occafion denied us of going to vifit Afexico ; ( which was not two full milesfromus) all the whileweeabodethere. Ic was apleafant walke for us — to goe out in the morning,and te {pend al] the day in the City andcome homeat night; our way lying by Arches made of ftone, three miles long to convey the water frony Chapultepecunto the City, Taketherefore,gentle Reader, from mee what for the {pace: of five moneths I could learne concerning it informer and prefenc times. The fitua~ _ tion of this City is much like thatof Vewice; but onely differs in this, that Venice is builc upon the Sea-water, and Adexicouponalake, which feeming one, indeed is two; one part whereof is ftanding water;the other ebbeth and floweth according to the wind that bloweth. That part which ftandeth, is wholefome,good,and fweet, and yeeld- eth ftoreof fmall fith, . That part which ebbeth and foweth, is of faltifh,bitter,and pe= | ftiferous water,yeelding no kind of ith, fmall or great, The fweet water ftandeth higher then the other, and falleth into it, and reverteth not backward, as fome conceive itdoth. The fale Lake containeth fifteen miles in breadth, and fifteen in length, and more then five and forty in Circuite; and the Lake of {weet water containeth even as much ; in fuch fort thatthe whole Lake containeth much abouta hundred miles. The - Spaniards are divided in opinions concerning this. water and the {prings of ic; fome hold that all this water lath but one {pring out of a great and high Mountaine which ftandeth South welt within fight of Azexico, and that thecaufe that the one part of the Lake is brackith orfaltifh, is thatthe bottome or ground isall fale; But howeverthis opinion bee true or falfe, certaine itis and by experience I can witneffe that of that part of the falt water great quantity of Salcisdayly made, and is partof the great Frading of that City intoother parts of the Countrey,nay itis {ent part of it to the Philippina Iflands. Others fay thatthis Lake hath two {prings, and chat the frefh water {pringeth out of thatMountaine which ftandeth Southwelt from J/exico, and the fale brakith water {pringeth outof other high Moustaines which ftand more Northweft, But thefe give no reafon for the faltneffe of ic, without it bee the agitation of ic in the eb= bing aad flowing; which not being with tideslike the Sea, but with the winds: one- ly (which indeed make it as ftormy fometimes.as isthe Sea) why may not the winds produce the fame effect in the frcfh water Lake?, I think rather, ifit{pring from a different {pring trom that from whence {pringeth the frelh water, the brackifaneffe and faltifhnefle of it may. proceed fromfomebrackith and falphurous mineralsthrough which it paffethin thofe Mountaines. For by experience I kaow the like in the Pro= vince of Gratemala, where by a Towne called Amatitan, there is a ftanding Lake of water not altogether {weet and frefh, but a little brackifh,which certainly-hath its fpring from a fiery Mountaine called there aVulcan,( whofe burning proceeds from the Mines of briaftone that are withinit ) from whence {pring neere the fame Towne likewife twoor threefprings of exceeding hot water , which are reforted to for wholefome™ bathes, as coming through a fulphuroys mine, and yet the ftanding Lake proceeding from the fame Mountaine is of that quality that maketh it the ground about it falt,and: and efpecially in the mornings the people go to gather up the fale which lyech upon the’ ground by the water fide like unto a hoary froft.. But thirdly,others concieve that that” part of the Lake of Mexico which isfaltifhand brackith comes through theearth from: the North Sea; and thongh fprings of water which come from:the Sea: lofe their brackithneffe: Sa aE aT aa PES ES SI SEN ——==—— en Seats a a a AE Ep i a ae TR SR = S eae A New Survey of tke V Velt-Indies. ———__—., brackiffinefle through the earth, yet thismay keepe fome brackifhnefle by reafon of the minerals, which are many in thofe parts; or by reafon of the great , wide and o- penconcavities of thofe mountaines, which being very hollow within (as wee find by experience of the Earthquakes which are more frequent there then hereby reafon of the wind that getteth into thofe concavitices , and fo {hake the earth to get out) give no way to the water to {weeten through theearth, or to lofe all that faleneffe which it brought with it from the Sea. But whatfoever the truereafon bee, there is not the like Lake knowne of {weet and ialcifh water,one part breeding fifh,the other breeding none at ali This Lake hadformerly fome fourefcore Townes,fome fay more, fitwated round about it; many of themcontaining five thonfand houfholds and fometen thoufand, yeaand Tcz:wco (as J have faid before) wasas biggeas Mexico. But when I was there, there might beethirty Townes and Villagesabout it, and {carce any of above five hun- dred houfholdes between Spaniards and Indians ; fuch hath beene the hard ulage of the Spaniards towards them, thatthey have even almoft confumed that poore Nation. Nay two yeers before I came from thote part:,which were the yeers of 16 35-and 1636. T was credibly informed thata million of Indians lifes had been loft in an indeavour of the Spaniards toturne the water of the Lake another way from the City which was performed by cutting away through the Mountaines, forto avoid the great inundati- ons that Adexico was fubj-ct unto,and efpecially for that the yeer163 4.the waters erew fo high that they threatned deftruction to all the City,ruinating a great part, and com- ing into the Charches that ftood in the highelt part of ir, in fo much that the people ufed commonly boats and Canoa’sfrom houletohoufe. And moft of the Indians that lived about the Lake were imployed to ftrive again{t-this ttrong Element of water, which hath beenthe undoing of many poore wretches, but efpecially of thele thirty Towns and Villages that bordered near upon the Lake;which now by that great work is further fronsthe houfes of the City;and hath a paflage made another way, though ic was thought it would not longcontinue,but would find againe its old courfe towards | México, YhisCicy when Cortez fir ented into ic,(was.as fome fay)of Gxty, but more probably itis reported to have beene of fourefcore thoufand houfes. CMontezuma his palace was very great,large and beautifull, which in the Indian language was named Te- pes and that had twenty doorés or gates, which had their outcoming into the come mon fireets. It had threeCourts ; and in theone ftood a faire Fountaine,many hals, anda hundred chambers ofthree and twenty, and thirty foot long, an hundred bathes , and hot houfes, and all this without nailes, yet very good workmanfhip, The walls were made of Mafons worke, and wrought of Marble, lafpe, and other black ftone, with veines of red, like unto Rubiesand other ftones which gliftered very faire; the roofs were wreught of timber, and curioully carved , being of Cedar, Cy- pres, and Pine tree; the Chambers were painted and hung with cloth of Cotton, and of Coneys haire and feathers. The beds onely were unfeeming this great flate, very poore and of no value, fuch asto this day the beft and richeft Indians ufe; for they Weare nothing but mantles laid upon mattes,or uponhey, or elfe mattes alone. With- in this Palaceliveda thoufand women, nay fome aftirme three thoufand , reckoning gentlewomen , fervants and flaves, all together ; Butthe moft were principal Iidians daughters; of whom Adonteznma tooke for himfelfe thofe that liked him beft,and the others hee gave in marriage to gentlemen bis fervants. It is credibly reported among the Spaniards that hee had at one time a hundred and fifty women his wives wich child, whocommonly. tooke medicines to caft their creatures, becaufe they knew that they fhould notinherit the State ; and thefe had many old women to guard them, for no man was permitted to looke upon them. Belides this Tepac. which fignifieth, Palace, Adontezuma had yet in Mexico another houfe with very curious lodgings and fair Galleries, built upon pillars of Jafpe, which looked towardsa goodly Garden, in the which there were at leafta dozen Ponds, fome of falt water for Sea fowles, and o- thers of frefh water for River fowlesand Lake fowles, which Ponds were deviled with Slaces to empty and co fill at pleafure for the cleannefle of the Fowles feathers; and thefe Fowles are {aid to have beene fo many in number, that the Ponds could icarcely hold them, and of fuch feverall forts,and of fuch ftrange and varius coloured feathers, that the moft of them the Spaniards knew not, nor had at any time {cen the like. There did belong to that houfe above three hundred perfons of feryice, who had their feverall charge concerning thefe Fowles; fome had care to cleanfe the Ponds: ; : others Ale Saye Meanie others were appointed to fith for bait,others ferved them wich meat;and to every kind of fowle they gave {uch bait asthey were wont to feediof ia the fields or rivers; ‘othersdid trim their teathere, others had care tolook to their egs;others to fet them abroods& the principallelt office was topluckthe feathers; ‘for of them were made rich mantles, tapi. tiry, targets, cuffes offeathers, and many other things wroughtwith gold and filver, © Befides this houfe, Adoutexuma had yer another houfe within AZexico, appointed © only for hawking fowles, and{owlesof rapine, In which houfe there were many high Halls, wherein were kept men, women, and. children, fuch»as were dwarfed, crook-backs or any monttrous perfons, aad with them fachas were bora’ white of colour,. which did very feldomehappen; nay. fome would deform their chils dren on purpofe to have them carried tothe Kings houfe;to helpéto fet fortiv his greats neffe by theirdeformity. Inthe lower Halls of thishoufe there were Cages for fowls of rapine of all forts, as Hawkes, Kites, Boyters( which are very many inthofe parts ) and of the Hawkes neer adozen findry kinds of them. This’ houfe had for dai« ly allowance five hundred Turkey cocks, and thréehundred men of fervice, belides the Falconers and Hunters, which fome fay were above a thoufand men. The Hunters were roaintained in thathoufe, becanfe of the ravenous bealts which were alfo kept in the lower Hallsin great cages made of timber, whefein-were keprin fome Lionssin other Tygres, in other Qwnzes, in other Wolves; in conclufion, there was no fout+footed beaft that wanted there, only tothe effe& , that chemighty Adintezuma might fay that he had fuch things in his houle, and all were ted deily with Turkey cocks, Deare, Dogges, and fuch like. » There were alfoinanother Hall great earthen veflels , fome with earth, andfomewith water, whereinwere Snakes, as grofle.as a mans thigh, Vipers, Crocodiles which they call Caymanes, “df twenty foot! long with fcales and head like a Dragon; befides many other {maller Lifartsand:other venemous beatts and Serpents, as well of thewater asof theland,. Tothefe Snakes and the other vene- mous bea(ts they ufually gave the blood of men facrificedito feed them. Others fay they gave unto them mans flefh,which thegreat Lifarts;or Caimaner cat very well But what was wonderfull to behold, horrid to fee, . hideous to heare tn this houfe; was the Officers dayly occupations about thefebeafts , the floor: with blood like a gellyy flinking like a flaughter+houfe, andthe roaring of the lions, the fearful! hiffiag of the Snakes and Adders, the dolefull howling and barking of the Wolves, the forrowfull yelling of the Ownzes.and Tigres, whenthey would have meat. And yetin this place, which inthe night feafon feemed a dungeon of Hell,:andadwelling place of the De+ vill,could aheathen Prince pray unto his Gods and idols; fof neerto this Hall was a- nother of ahundred’and fifty foot longand thirty. toot broad, where was a chappell with theroofeof filver'andgeldin leate wainfconed and decked with great ftore of pearl and ftone, as Agats , Cornerinés, Bmeralds 5 Rubies, and divers other forts; and this was the Oratory. where A4omiezwma prayed.in the night feafon’,, and in that chappell the Devill did appear unto hin; and gave him anfwer according to: his pray ers, which as they were uttered among fo many ugly and deformed beafts,and with the. noile of them which reprefented Hell iefelfe, were fitted fora Devils anfwer. He had alfo his Armoury, wherein was great tore of all kind of fuch Ammunition which: they ufed in their wars, as Bowes, Arrowes, Slings, Lawhces, Darts, Clubs, Swords and bucklers, and gallane Targets more trimme them flrong, and all made of wood, gilt or covered with leather. The wood whereof they made their Armour and Targets wasvery hard and ftrong ; and at their arrowes ends they inclofed alittle peece of flint-ftone, ofa peece of a fith-bone called Lidia , which was fo venemous, that if any were hart with it, and the head remained in the wound, it forfeitered that it was almoftincurable. Their Swords were of wood, and the edge thereof was flint-ftone, inclofed orjoyned into a ftaffe; and with thefefwords they cut fpeares, yea and a Horfes neck at ablow, andcould makedentsinto iron, which feemeth a thing | unpoflible andincredible.Thefe ints were joyned into the tlaffes wich a certain kind of glew,which was made of a root called Zzeolt,and Teuxalli, whichisakind of ftrong. fand, whereof they madeamixture, and after kneaded it with blood: of Battes, or Reare-mice and other fowle, which did glew fo ftcong, that it fcarce ever uncleaved again, and of thele Afontezams had in his hoale of Armour great ftore. Bat befides thefe houfes itis wonderfull to relate, yet many others which that great heathen Eni- perour had forhis only recteation arid paftimes wich excellent fair gardens rg A New Survey of the VV elt-Indies. nall herbs, {weet flowers, andtrees ot dele&table favour. Butof one garden more e- fpecially it isfaid , chat in ic there were a thoufand perfonages made, and wrought ar- tificially of leavesand flowers, And Adomtezama would not permit that in this gar- den fhould be any Kind of Pot-herbs, or things to be fold,faying that it did not apper- taine to Kingsto have things of profic among their delights and pleafures, tor that fach did appercaineto Merchants. Yet out ot Afexicohe had Orchards with many and fundry fruits ; and likewife pleafant houfes in woods and forrefts, of great com- pafley environed with water, in the which he had fountaines, rivers, ponds with fith, rockes and coverts where were Harts, Bucks, Hares, Foxes, Wolves and fuch like, whither he himfelfe feldome went ; butthe Lords of Mexico ufed to goe to {pore themfelves in them. Such and fo many were the houfes of Afoatezuma, wherein few Kings were equall with him. He haddayly attending upon bim in his privy guard fix hundred noblemen and gentlemen, and each of them three or foure fervants, and fome had twenty fervants or more according totheir eftace; and the moft credible re- port goes, that inthis manner he had three thoufand men attendants in his Courc, all - which were fed in his houfe of the meat that came from histable. There werein thofe times under the Adexicall empire three thoufand Lords of Townes, who had many vat- fals; but moreefpecially there were thirty of high eftate , who were able to make each of themabundredthoufand men of warre. And all thefe woble men did abide in Mexico, certaine time of the yeare inthe Court of Afentezsema, and could not depare from thence without efpeciall licence of the Emperour , leaving each of them a fonne or brother behind them for fecurity of rebellion ; and for this caufe they had general- ly houfes in the City ; fuch and fo great was the Court of Aduitezwma. Moreover he fpent nothing in the buildings of all thefe his houfes,for he had certaine Townes that payed no other tribute, but enly to work and repair continually his houfes at their own proper coft, and payedall kind of workemen, carrying upon theirbackes, or drawning in {leds ftone, lyme, timber, water, and all other neceffaries for the worke, Likewife they were bound to provide all the wood that fhould befpent in the Court, which was five hundred mens burthens,and fome daies in the winter much more. But efpecially for the Emperours chimneys they brought the barke of Oke trees, which was elteemed for the light. ‘Fhus was that great City formerly illuftrated with amighty Monarch, his houfes , and attendants. There were then alfo in Adexico three forts of ftreete, very broad and faire; the one fort was only of water, with many bridges, another fort of onlyearth, and the third ofearth and water, the one half being firme ground to walke upon, and the other halfe for boats to bring provifion to the City;, themoft part of the houfeshad ewodoores, the one toward the Cawley, andthe other toward the water, at the which they tooke boat to goe whither they lift. But this water € though fo neer tothe houfes ) being not good to drinke , there is other water frefhand {weet brought by conduit to Azextco, from a place called Cbapul- tepec three miles diftant from the City,which {pringech outof a little bill, at the foot whereof ftood formerly two ftatues, or images wrought in ftene, with their Targets and Launces, theone of Aontexsma, the other of Axciaca his father. The water is brought fromthence to this day in two pipes builtupon Arches of brick and ftone like ~a fair bridge; and when the one pipeisfoule, then all the water is conveyed into the other, till the firft be made cleane. From this fountaine all the whole City is provi- ded, and the Water-men go felling the fame water from ftreet toftreet, fome’ in little boats, others with earthen Tankards upon Mules orAflesbacks. Thechiefe and prin- cipali divifion of this City when the Spaniards firft conquered it, was intotwo ftrects, the one was called Tlateluéco, that is to fay,a little Mland, and the other AZexico,where Montezuma his dwelling and Court was, fignifying in the languagea (pring. And be- caufe of the Kings palacetkere, the whole City was named Adexieo. But the old and firft name of the City according tofome Hiftories was Tensebtittan, which fignifieth fruit out of aftone, being acompounded name of Tetl,which in the language is flone, and Nuchtli, which is a {weet fruit called generally inC#6s, and all other parts of A- eaericaby the Spaniards, Tunes; thenameof thetree whereon this fruit groweth is called Nopal, And when this City begunne to be founded it was placed neer unto a great {tone that ftood in themid{ft of thelake, at thefoot whereof giew one of thefe Nopal trees; which is the reafon why A4exico giveth for armes and device the foot of a Nopal tree {pringing froma {tone according te thefirft name of the City Teum.bslit an. But "al A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. But Ochers do afiirme that this City hath the name of the firft founder of it > called: Te nuch, thefecond{onneot Iztacmsxcoatl,whofefonnes and defcendents did fir inhabit allthat partof meri¢a, which is now called new Spain. Mexicoisas muchas to fay a {pring or fountain, according tothe property of the vowell or fpeech, from whence fome judge that City to be fo named.But others doe affirme that Mexico hath its name froma niore ancient time, whofe firft founders were called Mexzez, for unto this day the Indian dwellersin one (treet of this City are called of Mexiea. And that thefe Mex sti tooke name of their priacipall idol called Mexitli, who was in as great veneration as Vitzilopuchth sGod ofthe warre. But others afirme ( and this opinion is moft re- ceivedamong the Spaniards ) that the Mexicans firft were the inhabitants of sova Galicis a; from whence they made a violent irruption 4axo Domini 720. and lingered in divers places till the yeare 9o2. when under theleading of Mexi their chiefe Captaine they’ builethis City, andcalled itafter chename of their Generall. They were in all fe- ven Tribes, which ruled long inan Ariftocraticall ftate ; till che moft puiflant of the Tribes called Navetaleas, elected a King to whom they fubmitted themfelves. The firft King chat was thus ele&tcd, was called Vitzslovieli; the fecond, Acamopitzli; the thicd, Chimalpapoca, thefourth, Izchoalt, the fifth, (Montezuma the firtt, the fixth, Acacis; thefeventh, who was thought the chiete in my time, ealled Dox Atelchor de Velafco,one day fell into difcourfe with mee concerning England, andour Englifbnation, and inthe beft, moft ferious and judici- ous partof his Don-like conference, asked me whetherthe fin and moone in Eng. dind were of the famecolouras in Chiapaand whether Englifo men went barefoot like the Indians, and facrificed one another as formerly did the Heathens of that Coun- trey ? and whether all England could afford fuch adainty asa dithof F rixoles(which -is the pooreft Indians daily food there, being black and dry Turkey or French beanes boyled with a little biting Chille or Indizn pepper with garlicke, till the broath be- come as black as any Inke) And whetherthe women in England went as long’ with child, as did the Spanifhwomen? And laftly,whether the Spanifb nation were not a farre gallanter nation then the Englifo? When Vperceived my Don ran farther and _ farther into his fimple and foolith queftions, I cut him off fuddenly,telling him, Sir,Ic is long {ince I came out of England,if you give me leave to recolle& my memory;I will anfwerfome of thefe your hard queftions the next time we meet ( thinking hereby to’ _tery my Dons wit furcher,whether he could perceive I jeared him.) To which my fimple — Don replyed, I pray Sir doe, and whenfoever you come,you fhall be welcome toa difh of Frixoles. With this! tooke my leave of him,and at our farewell, heagaine defired K2 mee a I NE OMS eo TEV A New Survey of the Wett-Indies. mee to ttudy well his quettions,and co return hima ipeedy aniwer, whereby I was more confirmed in my conceit of my Poz,that he waseither tonto or bobo,foole or imple. Yet thought I my belt way to anfwer is to anfwer a fool according tohis folly,and fo refolved within two or three daies to return unto bim fome fimple an{wer according to his fimple and foolifh queftions. Therefore fpeedily I fingled out a good cccafion of mecting with kim at his owa-houfe, who welcomed me with much Spazifb gravity,and fitting down before Donna Angela, his painted wifeand Angel ; beganto aniwer, or more to jeer his Donfoip. began with the Sun and Moon,telling him that they were planets, & had their {peciall influences upon feverall nations, as all planets have upon mans body. And fo they did thew themfelves according to the inclination of the people of feverall King- domes. And therefore as the Spaniards were much inclined to Venus and to beauty ,and not contenting themfelves with the naturall beauty of their faire Ladies, would yet have Artadd to nature by the skill andufe of thebeft painting colours; fo thefe glo- rious planets of the Sun and Moon among the Spantards, and efpecially in Chiapa, fhewed themfelves moft comely, bright, glorious and beautifull, working the like in- clination to beauty upon, and in all Spaniards. My inftance was inthe land of the Blackmores, where Itold them that their bodies were black, and that among them the Sunappeared with a dark and fad vifage. Here my Don cried out; An excellent example. 1 gave him yet a fecond inftance from the EclipfeoftheSun; which being eclipfed , made all the Earth, mens faces and bodies feeme of a darke, or yellow co- lour,tofhew the proportion or fympathy of fublunary odiesto that high and overmatte- ring plnet.To this that good Dow replyed; fewnor no fe puede decirmas,Girynothing can be an- fwered or faid more or better.Vengamos agora a Ingalatierra,Let us draw now to England, To whichI anfweredhim, that in England the Sun and Moon appeared halfe yeer of one colour, and half of another; for the women one half yeer it appeared as in ‘Spain and Cbiapa, beautifull and glorious , for that naturally without painting they yeelded tononeinbeauty. Butthe other half yeer it appeared as red as bloed,or {car- let ; and che reafon might eafily bee gueffed at, for that no Nation is more warlik and high {pirited then the Exglifb, whofe very clothes were fiery, wearing more {Carlet then any nation inthe World; as hee might perceive by their coming fo much with their thips to the Indian Coaits to fight with the Spaniurds ; and that as they delighted to geeinred, andto bee like the Sun, fo naturally they were brought to thofe Seas to fingle out fuch thips as from America carried the rich Commodity of Cochinél, where- of they make more ufethen Spain it (elfe todietheir cloaths and Coats withall. Here my Donjogged hishead, and replyed; Sir, I thought no nation had been fo like the Sunas the Spaniards; for Ihave read that when our Anceftors came to conquer thefe parts, the Indians called them, bijos del Sol,that is, fonsof the Sun, being comely and gallant,and mire like the Sun then any other people. TothisTanfwered him. Sir, no doubt but you are like the Sun here, and none more glittering and bright, your very hatbands (hining with Pearls and Diamonds like the brightnefle of the Sun; But as I faid before the Blackmores arte liketheir Sun,fo Ufay,the Englif> is like their Sun,which isred, and fo doe and will affe& to wear Scarlet, as long as any Cochinill is to be found in the India’s. Now Don Melebor began to underftand mee, and told mee, never man had fatisfied him with better reafons then my felf. Hee thanked mee heartily, and told mee, hee thought no Gentleman in Chiapacould tell fo well as himfelfnow why the Englifa thips came fo much upon their Coafts; and thatmy difcourfe had fatisfied him tothe full. Heedefired mee to'goeon to his other queftions. To his fecond de-: manding whetherthe Englifh went barefoot like the Indians , I told him I thought that the Count of Gesdomar, (who had been many yeers Ambafladour from Spain in _ England) had fatisfied all the Spaniards that doubt,whocoming from England. to! A4g- drid, and being there asked by {ome Courtiers, whether London was asbig as Madrid, and as well peopledshe made anfwer, that hee thought there was fcarce a hundred left in Londew. Hee proved itfrom theufe and cuftome of his own Countrymen of S pain, who when they are to make a journey, fhew themfelvestwo or three daies before in colours, walking with boots and fpurs, that their friends may take notice that they are departing out of the TowneorCity. So faid the Count of Gondomar, I think by this there are very few Peoplein London ; for when I came from thence J left them all almoft in cloaths of colours, boeted and fpurred as ready to depart and take fome journey hy A New Survey of the Weft-Indies. | yo! —— ————— ourney. Andtruely my Dom (quoth1) your owne Count hath anfwered for mee; - yet fay, the Englifh are fo farre from going barefoot, thatthey goe.booted, and’ are all in a readineffe to move out of Egland tor any noble and generous defigne; but a- bove all they are ftillready for America, where they know is fore and abundance of Hydes to make them Bootes to cover the barenefle of their legges, that they may not be fufpefted to be like bare-footed Indians, Here‘Don Medchor replyed, I pray fir, when they come by Sea to thefe parts doe they come alfo booted and fpurred ? For] fhould thinke, when they fight, their fpurs fhould hinder them, To this his doubt I anfwered firft,as concerning {purres in the {hips , with the exam- ple of one of his own Nation, and of the beft Divines in Spain, living in my time in Valladolid, called Adacftro Nuno, (Reader of Divinity in the Colledge of St. Gre- gorie, but in his carriage and experience ia the World a fimple noddy ) who be- ing invited by a Noble manto goewith himin his Coach out of the City a mile or twoto a garden of recreation,went hattily about the Colledge to borrow boots and fpurs;, and when he had put them on, being asked whither he went,and why he put on boots and fpurs, anfwered that he was to goe in a Coach out of the City,and that hee thought the Coach and Mules would want fpurs to goe and come the fooner.Even fo my Don(quoth 1)the Engéi/ men come booted and {purred in their (hips,to make their fhips fail on the {wifter. And this is the reafon why the Engli(b (hips faile fa{ter,and whenthey are in fight turn about quicker then a Spani(b Galeon,becaule they are {purred & kicked’ within.O fir,t humbly thank you (faid Don Melcbor tor that by your difeourfe now L know thetruth of what indeed I have often heard fay, that the Exgli(b thips are nimbler,and quicker at Sea then our heavy Galeons. Now as for fighting the Exglifb mens {purs(faid Dare no hinderance to them, but rather a great advantage. For they fight with weapons, with their hands and with their feet, wherein they exceed the Spaniards; for when they have fhot with their peeces, or cut down with their {words any enemy, or knocked him with their holbards,then wich their feet and {purres,they fall upon him, and fo foone rid him out of the way, that hee may no more rife up againft them. All you havetold mee (faid the wife Velezco) ftands with fo much reafon, that my judgment isconvinced by you. As for eating and facrificing one another likethe Indians (Itold him) thatthe Exglifh filled their bellies fo well with fat Beef and Mutton, fowles, Rabbits, Partridges and Pheafants, that they had no ftomacke at all comans flefh. Andthattruly for frixoles drefled with garlick, that onely daintie difh was wanting in Ewgland; and that for Garlick, three reafons moved the Engli{b notto. bee lavifhing of that little they had; firft, for feare they fhould want it for their horfes drenches ; fecondly, for that they feltnot themfelves fo much troubled with the wind, nor puffed up with windy and vaine conceits as other nations did; but thirdly and chiefly they refrained from it among them- felves, that they might notf{mell of it, and that bythe fent and {mell of it a farre offatSea they might when they came tothe Coalt of America, {mell out a Spani{b fhip, and know ic from a Hollander. Here my Don Melchor fellinto admiration, af- furing mee, hee had never heard more folid reafons from any man. Alas poore Criolian of Chispa (thought 1) if Thad fpoken fenfe, thy thallow braine had not beeneable to have leaped over it, but after non-fenfe thou art eafily carried away. As for his laft queftion, I told him that was above my reach, for that poore Fryers ought notto meddle with women, neither had my mother ever told mee how long fhee went with mee. But how ever if Donwa Angels would tell mee how long thee went with her children,I would by the conttellations of the Heavens fearch out againft our next meeting, how long the Exglifb women went with their children. To this my Don Melcher anfwered that he would not trouble me to ftudy what he thought was not belonging tomy profeffion;but he knew that if I would ftudy that or any other hard & difficult point,I could give him more & better fatisfaGion then any {cholar in that City. And thus( Reader by this Don Afefchors wit and ability would I have thee judge of che Gentlemen Criolians or natives of Chiapa; and yet as prefumptuous they are and arrogant, as if the nobleft bloud in the Court of Madrid ran through their veines. Te is acommon thing amongtt them to make adinner only witha di(h of Frixoles in black broath, boyled with pepper and garlicke, {aying it is the moft nourifhing meat in all the India’s, and after this fo ftately a dinner they will be fare to come out to the ftreet- dore of their houfes to fee and tobefeen, and there for halfe an houre will they ftand K 3 fhaking * “ 103 A New Survey of the VV eft-Indies, fhaking off the crums of bread from their cloaths, bands ( but elpecially trom their ruffes when they ufed chem) andfrom their muftachoes. And with their cooth-pic- kers they will ftand picking their teeth, asif fome {mall Partridge bone ftuck in them, nay if a friend pafle by at thattime, they will be fure to find out fome crum or other in their muftacho( as if on purpofe the crums of the table had been thaken upon their beards, thatthe lofleof them mightbe a gaining of credit for great houfe keeping ) and they willbe fure to vent out fomenon-truth, astofay , A Sener que linda perdiz he comido oy, O Sir, whata dainty Partridge have} cattoday, whereas they picke out nothing from their teeth buc a black husk of a dry frixole or Turkey bean, Though great in blood and in birth they fay they are, yet in their imployments they are but rich Grafiers, for. moft of their wealth confiftech in farmes of Cattell and Mules, Some indeed have Townes of Indians fabje& unto them, whereof they are called En- comendero’s, and receive yeerly from every Indian a certaine Pole tribute of fowles andmony. They have moft cowardly fpiritsfor warre, and though they will fay , they wouldfaine tee Spaine, yet they dare not venture their lives at fea; they judge fleeping in a whole skin the beft maxime for their Criolian {pirits. One hundred figh- ting fouldiers would eafily lay:low thofe Chiapa Dons,and gain the whole City, which lyeth fo open to the fields,that the Mules and Affes come in and grafe, the ftreets being very commodious to entertain Afles from within,and from without. Yet in this City li- veth commonly a Governour,or Alcalde Major.and a Bifhop, The Governours place is of no {mall efteem and intereft,for that his power reacheth farre, and he tradeth much in Cacao and Cochinil,and domineers over both Spaniards and Indians at his will and pleafure. But ill gotten goods never thrive, as was feen in Don Gabriel de Orellana (Governour of this City and Countrey in my time ) who having fent the worth of eight thoufand crownesin Cochinil, Cacao, Sugar, and Hydes by the river of T abaf- eo towards the Havane loft it allinto the hands of the Hullanders, who doubtlefle knew how to make better ufe of it, then would have done that tyrannizing Governour, The Bifhops place of that City is worth at leat eight thoufand duckats a yeer,which truly he had needof that comes fo far from Spain to live in fuch a City where are {uch able Dons, as Don Meltchor de Velafco,and where Affes arefo freely fedandbred. Mott of this Bi- fhops revenues confiftethin great offerings which he yeerly receiveth from the great In- dian Townes, going out to them ence a yeer to confirme their children, whofeconfire mation is fuch a means to confirme and ftrengthen the Bifhops revenues, that none muft be confirmed by him who offer nota faire white Wax-candle, witha ribban and at leaft foure Rials. Uhavefeen thericher fort offer him a Candle of atleaft fix pound weight with twoyardsof twelve penny. broadribban, and the Candle ftucke from the top to the bottom with fingle Rials round about. Nay the poore Zndians make it the chiefe mafter piece of their vanity to offer proudly in fuch occafions. Don Bernara dine de Salazar wastheBifhopof this City inmy time, who defired my company to ride with him his circuit bat one moneth, about the Townes neer to Chiapa,and in this time Iwas appointed by him to hold the bafin wherein the Spaniards and Indians (whilft he confirmed their children }) did caft their offerings, which my félfe and a- nother Chaplaine did alwaies tell and caft up by good account before we carried the mony upinto his chamber, and I found that at ourreturne atthe moneths end he had received onethoufand and fix hundred duckats of onely offerings, befides the fees due to him for vifiting the feverall companies, orfodalitics and confraternities belon~ ging tothe Saints or {oules intheir purgatory ( which are extraordinary rich there) whereof he and all other Bifhops in their diftri& take account yeerly, This Bifhop was (as all thereft arethere_) fomewhat covetous; but otherwife a man of a temperate life and converfation, very zealousto reforme whatfoever abufes committed in the Church, which coft him his life before I departed from Chiapato Guatemala. The wo- man of that City irfeems pretend much weakenefle and {queamifhnefle of flomack, which they fay is fo great, thatthey are not able tocontinue in the Church while a Maffeis briefly hudled over;much leffe while a folemn high Maffe(as they call it is fung, anda Sernion preached, unleflethey drinkeacupof hotChocolatte, and eat a bitof ‘fweet-meatsto ftrengthen their ftomackes. For this purpofeit was much ufed by them tomake their maids bring to themto Church in the middle of Maffe or Sermon a cup of Chocolatte, which could not bedone to all, or moft of them without a great confufion andinterrupting both Maffe and Sermon. ‘The Bifhop perceiving this abufe and A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. and faving given faire warning for the omitting of ir, but all wichout amendment, thought fit to fixe in writing upon the Churches dores an excommunication againtt all fuch as fhould prefume at the time of ferviceto eat or drinke within the Church. This excommunication was taken by all,but efpecially by the Gentlewomen much to heart, who protefted if they might not eat or drinkein the Church, they could.not continue in it to heare what otherwife they were bound unto. The chiefe of them Knowing what great friend(hip there was between the Bifhop and the Prior, and my felfe, came tothe Prior and mee defiring us to ufe all meanes wee could with the Bifhop for the revoking that his excommunication fo heavily laid upon them,and threatning their foules with damning judgement for the violation of it. The good Prior and my felfe laboured all we could,alleadging thecuftome of the Countrey, the weakenefle of the fex whom it moft concerned, and alfothe weakneflé of their itomackes, the contempt that might from them enfue unto his perfon, and mang inconveniences which might follow to the breeding of an uproar in the church and in the City,whereof we had fome probable conjeGture from what already we had heard from fome. But none of thefe reafons would move the Bifhops_ to which he anfwered chat he preferred the honour of God, and of his houtfebefore his ownelife. Thewomen fecing him fo hard to be in= treated, began to flomacke him the moreand to fleight him with fcornefull and re- proachfull words; others fleighted hisexcommunication , drinking in iniquity in the Church, as the fith doth water, which caufed one day fuch an uproare in the Cas thedrall, that many {words were drawneagainitthe Preifts and Prebends, who at= tempted to take away from the maids the cups of Chocolatte, which they brought unto their miltrefles; who at laft {ceing that neither faire nor foule meanes would pre- vaile with the Bithop, refolved to forfake the Cathedrall, where the Bifhops own and. his Prebends cies mutt needs be watching overthem; and fo from that time moft of the City betooke themfelves to the Cloifter Churches, where by the Nuns and Friers they were not troubled nor refifted, though fairely counfelled to obey the command of the Bifhop ; whofe name now they could not brooke, andto whofe Prebends they denied now all fuch reliefe and ftipend for Maffes which formerly they had ufed to be- {tow uponthem , conferring them all upon the Fryers who grew rich by the poor im- poverifhed Cathedral]. This lafted not long, but the Bifhop began to ftomacke the’ Fryers, and tofet upanother excommunication,binding allthe City to refort unto their owne CathedrallChurch ; which the women would not obey, but kept their houfes fora whole month; _ in which time the Bifhop fell dangeroufly fick,and defired to retire himfelfe to the Cloifter of the Dominicans,for the great confidence he had in the Prior that he would take care of himin hisfickeneffe. Phyfitians were fent for far and neere, who all with ajoynt opinion agreed that the Bifhop was poifoned; and he himielf doubted not of it at his death, praying unto God'to forgive thofé that had been’ the caufe of it, and to accept of that facrifice of hislife, which he was willing to of fer for the zeale of Gods houfe andhonour. He lay notabove a week in the Cloitter, and as fooneas he was dead, all his body, his head and face did {© fwell, thatthe leaft - touch upon any pare of him cauféd the skin to break and caft out white matter, which had corrapted and overflowneall his body. A Gentlewoman with whom I was well. acquainted inthat City , whowasnoted to be fomewhat too familiar with one of the Bifhops Pages, was commonly cenfured to have prefcribed fuch a cup of Chocolate te to be miniltred by the Page which poyfoned him who fo rigoroufly had forbidden Chocolatte to be drunk in the Church.My felf heard this Gentlewoman fay of the de- ceafed Bithop,that fhe theught few grieved for his death,& thatthe women had no rea- fon togrieve for him, and that the judged, he being fuch an enemy to Chocolatte in the Church, that which be had drunk at home in his houfe had not agreed with his body. And itbecame afterwards a Proverbein that Country,Beware of the Chocolatte of Chiapa; which made'mefo cautions, that I would not drinke afterwards of it in any houfe, where I had not very great fatisfaktion of the whole Family. Thewomen of this City arefomewhat lightin their carriage, and have learned from the Devill many entiling leffons and baits to draw poore foules tofinne and damnation: and ifthey can- not have their wills,they wil furely work revenge either by Chocolatte or Conf rves.or fome faire prefent, which fhall farely carry death along with it. The Gentlewoman: that was fulpeGted ( nay was queftioned for the death of the Bifhop) had often uled to fend meboxes of Chocolatte or conferves;. which I willingly received from her, judg~ ing BS ah . 8 A New Survey of the VVelt-Indies. ing it tobea kind of gratuity for the paines I tooke in teaching her {on Latin. She was of avery merry and pleafant difpofition, which] thought might confift without fin; —untillone day fhe fent unto mee a very faire plantin wrapped up in a hankerchief,bur}- ed in {weet Jazmines and rofes; when I untied the handkerchief, J thought among the Aowers I fhould find fome richtoken, orfome peeces of eight, but finding nothing but a plantin, I wondred; andlooking further upon it, found worked upon it witha knife the fathion of a heart with two of blind Cupids arrows fticking init,difcovering unto my heart the poifoned heart and thoughts of the poifoner that fenc it.I thought it a good warning to be wary and cautious of receiving more prefents or Chocolatte from fuch hands,and fo returned unto her againe her plantin with this fhort rhymecut out with a knifeupon the skiane frata tan fria, amor no cria, as much as to fay, fruit focold , takesno hold. This anfwer and refolution of mine was foone fpread over that little City,. which made my Gentlewoman outragious, which prefently the fhewed by taking away her fonne from {choole, andin many meetings threatningtoplay me a Chiapaneca tricke.But I remembred the Bifhops Chocolatte and{o was wary,and ftaid not long after in that poifoning and wicked City, which truly deferves no better rela- tion then what I have givenof the fimple Dons, and the Chocolatte-confeQicning Donna's. There is yettwelve leagues from this City of Chiapa,another Chiapa which deferveth better commendations. This confifteth molt of Indians, ‘and isheldto be one of the biggelt Indian Townesin all America, containing at leaft four thoufand families, This Towne hath many priviledges fromthe King of Spain, and is governed chiefly by In- dians (yet with fubordination unto the Spanifb government of the City of Chiapa }) whodoechoofean /ndian Governour with other inferiour officers to rule with him. This Governour may wear a fapier anddagger, andenjoyeth many other liberties which to thereft of the Indians aredenied. No Towne hath fo many Dons in it of In- dian blood asthis. Don Pbilip de Guzman was Governour of it in my time,a very rich ‘Indian, who kept up commonly in his ftableadozenof as good Horfes for publike {hewes, and oftentation as the belt Spaniard inthe Countrey. His courage was not inferiour to any Spaniard,and for defence of fome priviledges of his Town fued in the Chancery of Guatemala'the proud and high minded Governour of the City of € biapa, {pending therein great fums of money till he had overcome him, whereupon he cauféd a feaftto be made in the Towne, both by water and Jand, foftately, that truly in the Court of A4adrid it might have been acted. i This Towne lyeth upon a great river, whereunto belong many boats and Canoas, wherein thofe Indians have been taught to a& fea-fights, with great dexterity,and to reprefent the Nymphes of Parnaffis, Neptune, Holus, andthe reft of the heathenifh Gods and Goddeffes, fo that they area wonder of their whole nation. They will arme with their boats a fiege againft the Town, fighting againft ic with {uch courage til they makeit yeeld, asif they had been trained up all their lite to fea-fights. So likewife within the Town they are as dexterous at baiting of buls,atjuego de Cannas,at Horle- races, atarming aCampe, atallmannerof Spanifb dances, inftruments, and mu- fick as the belt Spaniards. They will ere& Towers and Caftles made of wood and pain= tedcloth, & from them fight either with the boats or one againtt another,with {quibs, darts, and many ftrange fire-works, fo manfully, that if inearneft they could per- form it as well as they do it in {port and paltime, the Spaniards and Fryers mightfoon repent to havetaught them what they have. As fora&ingof playes,this isa common part of their folemne paftimes, and they are fo generous,that they nothing think too much to {pend in banquets & fweet-meatsupon their Friers,and neighbouring Towns, whenfoever they are minded to fhew themfelves ina publikefeaft. The Towne isvery rich,& many Indians in it that trade about the Country as the Spaniards do.T hey have learned molt trades befitting a Common-wealth, and pra&tife and teach them within their Town. They want not any provifion of fifh or tlefh,having for the one that great river joyning unto their Towne, and for the other many Eftantia’s( as they call them) or farmes abounding with cattell. In this Townethe Dominican Fryers bear all the fway, who havea richand ftately Cloifter with another Church or Chappel fubordi- nate unto it. The heat hereis fo great,that both Fryers and Jadians commonly wear a linnen towel about their necks to wipe offthe conftant {wet from their facesswhich ma- keth the Friers fit longer at their dinner then els the would do,for that atevery bitthey ) eat, . eate, and draught they drinke, they arefaineto make a ftop to wipe their dropping browes. Yet the evenings are trefh and cool,which are much made of there, and (pent inthe many walkes and gardins which joyneclofe unto the River fide. Two or three leagues from the Towne, there are two Ingenid’s or Farms of Sugar, the one belong- ing to the Cloifter of the Dominicans of the City of Chiap2; the other unto the Cloi= fter of this Towne, which containe neer two hundred Blackmores, befides many In~ diuns, who are imployed in that conftant worke of making Sugar for all the Coun- try. _ Hereabouts are bread great ftore of Mules, andexcellent horfes for any fervice. The Towne of Chiapa of the Indians, andal] the Townes about it want nothing but a more temperate climate andcooler aire, and Wheat, which there cannot bee fownes yet for Spaniards and fuch as cannot live without it, itis brought from Chiapa of the Spaniards and from about Comitlan; yetthisis not generally acknowledgeda want by reafon of the great plenty of A@aiz which allehe Townes enjoy, and which is now more uled both by Spaniards and dainty toothed Fryers then bread of Wheat. Yet your puore Spaniards, and fome Indians who have got the trick of trading from theni doe gaine not a littlein bringing to thefe Townes bifquets of wheaten. bread , which though ic be dry and hard, yet becaufe they are novelties to the Indians,they get by changing them for other commodities, efpecially of Cotton wooll, which here is more abounding thenin the Valley of @opanabaftlau. Upon this Country of Chiapa of the Indians bordereth the Province of Zoques, which is abfolutely the richeft part of Chiapa. This reacheth on the one fide to T abafeo, and by the River named Grijalva fendeth commonly the Commodities which are init with fafety unto St. Fobn deUlhua, or Vera Cruz. Ac trafiqueth alfo wich the Country of Ficatan by the Haven called Puerto Real, which lyeth betweene Grijslvaand Fuca- tan. Yetthefetwo, the River of Tabasco, alias Grijalva,and Puerto Realy though they bee commodious to this Province of Zegues, yet they are caufes of daily feares unto the Spansards, who well knowtheweaknelfe of them, and that ifa forraine Nation fhould manfully thruftinco that Country by any of thefe two wayes, they might fo conquer all Chiapz, and from thence paffeeafily unto Guatemala, Butthe River of Ta- bafco lying low,and being fomewhat hot, andthe Townsabontit infefted with many gnats,and the chiefeft commodity there being but Cacao,have often difcouraged both our Englifo and Hollanders,who. have come up fome part of the River,and minding more the forefaid reafons, then what was forward to bee had , have turned back, lofinga rich Country and flighting aneternall name, for few and frivolous prefent difficulties. In this Province of Zoquer, the Towns are not very bigge,yet they bee very rich; the chief Commodities are Silk and Cochinill , whereof the latter is heldthe beft of America, and the {tore of itfo great that no on¢ Province alone exceedsit. Few Indians there are who have not their Orchards planted with the trees whereon the worms breed which yeeld unto us that rich Commodity; not that the Indians themfelves efteem otherwife of ic, then as they {ee the Spaniands greedy after it,offering them mony for it, & forcing them to the prefervation of it in thofe parts, which have proved moft fucceffeful for this kind. There is great ftore of filk in this Country, in fo much that the Indians make it theic great Commodity to imploy their wives in working Towels with all colours of filk, which the Spaniards bay , and fend into Spain, It is raretofee what works thole Indian women will make in filk, fuch as might ferve for Patterns and famplers to ma- ny School-Miftreffes in England. The people of this Country are witty, andingeni- ous, and faire of complexion, the Country towards TF abajco is hot, but within in fome places very cold. There isalfo plenty of AZziz,but no wheat ; neither is there fuch plenty of Cattell as about Chiapa, but Fowles and Turkies as many asin other parts, The Province ealled Zeldales lyeth behind this of the Zoques, from the North pea within the continent,running up towards Chiapa,and reacheth in fome parts neer to the borders of Comitlan north-weltward.South-eaftward it joyns to fuch Indians which as yet havenot been conquered by the Spaniards, who make many invafions upon the Chriftian Zxdians,and burn their Towns, and carry away their Cattell. The chief and headT own in this Province is called Ococingo,which is a Frontier again{t thofe Heathens. This Provinceis efteemed rich for the Spaniards,who make much of Cacao,which ferveth _ to make their drink of Chocolatte,and here is great ftore of it. There is a}{o another Com- modity, great among the Spaniards, called Achiotte, wherewith they maketheir Choco Jstice looke of the colour of abrick, Hereisalfo plenty ef Hogsand Bacon, ii ey 5 ; UP RIES 5, a er a a a A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. 105 Survey of. the Alen fadics Turkies, Quailes, Cattell, Sheep, Maiz,Hony, and not tarre trom Ococingo, in my time was fetting up an Zzgenio,or Farm of Sugar,which was thought would prove as well as thofe about Chiapaof the Indians. The Country in mott parts is high and hilly ; but Ococingo ftandsin a pleafant Valley, injoying many Brookes and {treams of freth wa- ter, and therefore hath been thought a fit placefor Sugar. Here alfoin this Valley the Fryers have attempted tofow Wheat, which hath proved very good. Thus Reader,I have fhewed youtheCountry of Chiape, which asitis compafled about on the one fide by Soconuzco,and from thencealmott to Guatemala, by the Province of Szchutepeques, on the other fide by Tabafco, and ontheother fide by Zeldales with exceffive plenty of Cacaoand Achiotte,which are the chief drugs forthe making of Chocodattes wil yet before I depart from Chiapato Guatemala, fay fomewhat of that drinke fo much ufed by the Spaniards,and in. my judgment not tobe fleighted, but rather to bee publifhed and made known to all Nations, whofe uie might remedy thegreat abufe of wines and {trong drinks which too much are efteemed amongit us here in Europe. CHAP. XVI. Concerning two daily and commen Drinkes, or Potions mouel ufed in the India’s,called Chocolatte,and Atolle. ws; Hocolatte being this day ufed not onely over allthe Wes?-Indja’s, but alfo in XS Spain, Italy, and Flanders, with approbation of many learned Doors in A New Survey of the Weft-Indies. tobefimple, are notwith{tanding naturally compounded, containing in theméelveg contrary qualities, thatisto fay, a quality to expell, and toretaine, to incraffate ahd to extentlate, torarificand tocondenfe. Andin the fifteenth Chapter following in the fame booke, he purs an example of che broth of aCock,which moves thebelly,and the fefh hath the vircuetobinde. Yet further that this differing virtue and quality is foand in divers fubltances, or partsof fimple medicaments, he {hewes inthe firt book of his fimple medicines in the feventeenth Chapter,bringing the example of milke, in which three fubltances are found and feparated, thatisto fay , the fubltance of cheefe, which hath the virtue to ftop the fluxe of the belly; and the fubftance of whay, which is purging, and butter, as it is expreffed Chap. 15. Alfo we find in wine which is in the Mutt, three fabitances, that ig to fay, earth, whichis thechiefe; anda thinner fub- ftance, which is theflower, and may be called thefcum, orfroaths anda third {ub- ftance which we properly call wine; and every oneof thefe fubftances containes in it felfe divers qualities and virtues, in thecolour, in the {mell, and in other accidents. And this is very comformable to reafon,if we confider that every aliment,be it never folimple, begetsand produceth in the liver four humours , not only differing in cem= per, bucalfo infubftance; and begets more or leffe of thathumour, according as the aliment hath more or fewer parts correfponding to the fubftance of that humour, which ismoit ingendred. From which examples we may gather that when the Gacao is grinded and ftirred, the divers parts,which nature hath given it, doe artificially and intimately mixe themfelves one with another ; and fo the unGtuous,warme, and moift parts,mingled wich the earthy repreflech,and leaveth them not fo binding, as they were before; but rather with a mediocrity , more inclining to the warme, and moilt tem- per of the aire,then tothe coldand dry of theearth:asitdoth appear,when it is made fit to drink,that {carce two turnes are given with the Molinet, when there arifeth a fatty fcum,by which is fen, how much it partaketh of the oyly part. Sothat fromall that hath been faid,the error of thofe is wel difcovered,w ho {peaking of this drink of Cho- colatte, fay, that itcaufech oppilations, becaufe Cacao is aftringent.as if that aftri&tion were not correCted and modified by the intimate mixing of one part with another, by meanes of the grinding, as is faid before. Befides it having fo many ingredients,which are naturally hot, ic muftof . neceflity have this effe&,thatis to fay, to open, attenuate, andnottobinde. And leaving afide more reafons, this tri@h is evidently feen inthe Cacao it felfe; which if it be not ftirred grinded and compounded to make the Cho. colactt; but beeaten as it isia the fruic (as many Criolian and Indian women eatit) itdoth notably obftru& and caufe toppings, and make themlookeof a broken, pale and earthy colour, asdoe thofe that eat ear then ware, as pots, or pieces of al ae Fashaen tesserae aoa lime-walls )) whichis much ufed among the Spanifo women thinking that pale | and earthy colour,though witk obftruétions and ftoppinge,well becomes them ) and for this certainly in the Cacao thuseaten there is no other reafon, but that the divers fubftances which itcontaines,are not perfeQly mingled by the maftication Onelys but require theartificiall mixture, which wee have {poken of before, ; The tree which doth beare this fruit,is (0 delicate, and the earth where it groweth fo extream hot, that to keep the tree from being confumed by the fanne, they firft plant other trees, which they call, las Afedres del Cacao, mothers of the Gacao 3 and when theie are grown up to a good height fit to fhadethe Cacao trees, then they plant the Cacaotals, or the trees of Cacao; that when they firftfhew themfelves above the ground, thofetrees, which arealready grown may fhelter them, and as mothers nou-’ rith, defend, and fthadow them from the funne ; and the fruit doth not grow naked, but many of them (as [have faid before ) are in one great huskeor cod, and therein belidesevery grain is clofed up ina white juicy skin,which the women alfolove to.fuck off from the Gacao, finding it coole, and in the mouth diffolving into Water. There are two forts of Cacao; the one iscommon, which is ofadarke colour inclining to= wards red being round and peekedat the ends; the other is broader, and bigger, and’ fatter,and not fo rouhd,which they call,Patlaxte,and this is white,and more drying,’ and isfolda greatdeal cheaperthenthe former. And this efpecially , more then the other, caufeth watchfullneffe, and drives away fleep,: and therefore is not fo ufefull as the ordinary, and is chiefly {pent by the ordinary and meaner fort of people. As for the reft of cheingredients which make this Chocolatticall confe&tion, there is notable’ vatiety ; for fome puc-into it black Pepper,which is not well approved of by the Phy- | fitianss? oS A New Survey o if the Welt-Indies. fitians, becaule it isfohot anddry, tut onely for one who hath a very cold liver; but commonly inftead of this Pepper,chey put into it long red Pepper, called Chile,which chough ic be hot inthe mouth, yet is cooland moittin the operation. Stis farther com pounded with whiteSugar , Cinnamon, Clove, Annifeed, Almonds, Hafell- nuts, Orejuela, Bainilla, Sapsyoll, Orenge flower water, fome Muske, and as much of Achiotte,as will make itlooke of thecolour of a red bricke. But how much of each of theft may be applyed to fuch a quantity of Cacao, the feverall difpoiitions of mens bodies muft be their rule. The ordinary receipt of Antonio Colmenero was this; To e- very hundred Cacao’s,twocods of Chile, called long red Pepper, one handfull of . Annifeed and Orejaela’s, and two of the Howers called Mechafecbil, or Bainilla, or in- ftead of this fix rofes of Alexandriz, beat to powder, twodrams of Cinnamon, of Almondsand Hafel-nuts, of each one dozen; of white Sugar halfe a pound,of Achi- otte, enough to giveic thecolour.. This Author thought neither Clove, nor Musk, nor any (weet water fit, butin the Zadia’s they are much ufed, Others ufe to put in Maiz, or Panifo, whichis very windy , but fuch doe it onely for their profit, by in- creafing the quantity of the Chocolatte;becaufe every fanega or meafure of Maiz con- taining about a bufhel and a half,is fold for eight (billings, and they that fell Chocolat- te, fell it for ‘cur fhillings a pound, which is the ordinary price. The Cinnamon is held oneof the belt ingredients, and denied by none, for chat it is hot and dry inthe third degree, it provokes urine,and helpes the kidneys and reines of thofe who are troubled with cold difeafes,and ic is good for the eyes, and in effectitis cordiall,as appeareth by the Author of thefe verfes, : Commoda & urine Cinamomum & renibus afferts Lumina clarificat, dira venena fugat. The Achiotte hath a piercing, attenuating quality,as appeareth by the common practice of the Phyfi ians in the Indta’s,experienced daily in the effeéts of it, whodo give itto their Patients to cut and atter.uate the grofle humors, which doe caule fhortnefle of breath, and {topping of urine: and {ou ic is ufed for any kind of oppilations, and is given for the {toppings which are in the breaft,or in the region of thebelly,ur any other partof thebody.T his Achivtie alfc growethuponatree in round husker,which are full of red graines,from whence the Achiorte is taken, and firft made into a pafte, and then being dried up is fafhioned either intoround balls or cakes,or into the forme of little brickes, and foisfold. As concerning thelongred Pepper, there are foure forts of it; one is called Chilchotes 5 che other is very little, which they call Chilterpia, and thefe two kinds are very quick and biting. The other two are called, Towalcbiles, and thefe are but moderately hot, for they are eaten with bread by the Indians , as they eat o- cher fruits.But that which is ufuall y put into Chocolattc, is called Chilpsclagua,,which hath a broad huske,and is not fo biting as the firit, nor fo gentleas the lait. The Aze- chafecbil, or Bainillahath a purgative quality. All thefe ingredients areufually put ints theChocolatte, and by {ome more,according to their fancies. But the meaner fort of people,as Blackmores atid Indisns,commonly put nothing into it, but Cacao, Achiotie, Maiz, anda few Chiles witha little Annifeed. Andthough the Cacao ig mingled with all thefe ingredients, which are hot; yet there is to bea greater quantity of Cacao,then of allthe reft of che ingredients, which ferve to temper the coldneffe of the Cacao,from whence it followeth that this Chocolatticall confe&tion is not {o cold as the Cacao, nor fo hotas the reft of theingredients,but there refults from the ation and reaétion of thefe ingredients, a moderate temper, which may be good, both for the cold and hot ftomacks,being taken moderately. 7 Now for the making or compounding of this drinke, Ithall fer downe here the method. The Cacao, and the other ingredients muft be beaten ina morter. of ftone, or ( asthe Indians ufe ) ground upona broad ftone,which they call 4@ctate,and is only made for that ufe. Buc firft the ingredients are all to bediied, except the Achioite, with care that they may be beaten to powder, keeping them ftill in ftirring, that they be not burnt, or become black; for if they be overdried, they will be bitter, and lofe their virtue. The Cinnamonand the long red pepper are to be firft beaten , with the Annifeed, andthen the Cacao, which mutt be beaten by little and little,till ic be all pow- dred ; and inthe beating ic mutt be curned round, that it may mixe the better. Every _ one of thefe ingredients mutt be beaten by it (elfe,and thenall be put into the veflell, _ where the Cacao is,which you mutt {tirre together with a fpoon,and then take out that pafte, A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. 109 paite, and.ot t itinco the morter,under woich there mu'tbe a lictle fire, after the con- f-tion is made ; butif m. re fire be pucunder then will only warme ic, then the un&u- ous part will dry away. The Achiette alio muft be put in in the beating, that it may the bettertakethe colour. All theingredients multbefearfed, fave onely the Cacao, and it from the Cacao the dry fhell be taken, it will be the better, When itis well beatenj and incorporated ( which will be known by the fhortnefle of it) chen with a fpoon(o in the India’s is uled )is taken up fome of the pafte, which will bealmott liquid, and made into tablets,or elle without a fpoon put into boxes,and when it is cold it will be hard. Thofe that make it into tablets, put afpoonefull of the pafte upon a peece of paper ( the Indians put ic upon the leaf of a plantin tree )where,being put into the fhade (for in the {unneit melts and diffolves )it groweshard ; and then bowing the parer or leaf, the tabiet falls off, by reafonof thefatnefle of the pafte, Bucif ict be put in- ro any thing of earth, or wood, it ftickes faft, and will notcome off, but with {cra- ing orbreaking. Themanner of dtinkingit, isdivers; theone ( being the way mott ufed in Mexico ) isto take it hot with Atolle, diffolving a tablet in hot water, and then ftirring and beatingitin the cup, whereit istobedrunke , withaMolinet, and when it is well ftirred toa {cumme or froath, then to fill the cup with hot ‘Atolle and {o drinke it fup by up. Another way is, that the Chocolatte, being diflolved with cold water and ftirred with the Molinet, and the {cumme taken off and put into ano- veflel, the remainderbe fet upon the fire, with asmuch fugar as will {weeten it, and when itis warme, then to powre itupon the {cum which was taken off before, and fo to drivkeitc. But the motft ordinary way , is, to warme the water very hot, and then to powre out halfethe cup full chat youmean todrinke; and to putinto it a tablet or two, Or asmuch as will chicken reafonably the water, and then grind it well with the Molinet, and when it is well ground and rifén toa {cum , tofillthe cup with hot wa- ter, and fodrinke it by {ups ( having fWeetned it with Sugar) and to eat it wich a litele conferve,or maple bread, tteeped into the Chocolatte, Belides thefe waies there is a- nother way ( which is much ufedin the Mfland of Santo Domingo ) whichis, to put the _ Chocolatteinto a pipkin, -with a little water, and to'let it boyle well till ic be diffol- ved, and then to put in fufficient water and {ugar according to the quantity ot the Chocolatte, and then to boyleit againe, untill there comesan oily fcamme upon it; and then to drinke it. . There is another way yetto drinke Chocolatte, which iscold, whichthe Indians ufe'at feafts, torefrefh themfelves, and it is made after this man- ner.. The Chocolatte ( which is made with none or very few ingredients )being diflol- ved in cold water with the Molinet, they take off the fcumme or crafly part,which ri- feth in great quantity, efpecially when the Cacaois older and more putrefied. The {cumme they lay afide ina little difh by it felfe, and then putfugar into that part from whence was taken thefcum , and then powre it fromron high into the{cumme,and fo drinkeit cold. And this drinke is fo cold, that it agreeth not with all mens ftomacks;: - forby experience it hath been found, that it doth hurt, by.caufing pains in the ftomack, efpecially towomen, Thethird way of taking ic is the moft ufed, and thus certain- ly ic doth no hart, neither know | why it may not bee ufed as well in England asin o-' ther parts both hot and cold, for where itis fomuch ufed, the moft,if not all,as well in the Iudia’s,asin Spaine, Italy, Flanders (which is acold Countrey ) find thatita- greeth well withthem. Trueitis, icisufed more in the India’s, then in the Eurepe- ax parts, becaufe there the ftomackes are more apt to faint then here, and a cup of Cho- colatte well confe&tioned comforts and ftrengthens the ftomack. For may felf 1 muft fay, J ufedit twelve yeers conftantly, drinking one cupin the morning , another yet before dinner between nine or ten of the clock 3 another within an houre or two af- ter dinner,and another between four and five in the @fternoon;and when | was purpo- fed to fit up late to ftudy, I would take another cup about feven or eight at night, which, would keep me waking till about midnight. And if by chancel did neglect any of thefe accuftomed houres, I prefently found my fomacke fainty.And with thcuftome I lived twelve yeers in thofe parts healthy , without any obftruCtions,. or oppilations,: not knowing what either ague, or feaver was, Yet! will not dareto regulate by mine ownethebodiesof others, nor take upon me the skilof a Phyfitian, to appoint and define at what time and by what perfons this drinke may be ufed. Onely Tay, Dhave known fome that havebeen the worfe for it,either for drinking ic with coo mich fugar,’ which hath relaxed their ftomackes, or for drinking it too'oftens: For certainly ihe! . jo a “aro A New Survey of the VVelt-Indics, be drunke beyond meature, not only this Chocolattebut all other driakes, or meats, though of themfelves they are good andwholefome, they may be hurtfull. And if fome havefound it oppilative, ic hath come bythetootoo much ufe of it; as when one drinkes over much wine, inftead of comforting and warming himfelfe, he breeds andnourifheth cold difeafes, becaufe nature cannot overcome ir, nogturne fo great a quantity into good nourifhment. So hethat drinkes much Chocolatte, which hath fatparts , cannot make diliribution of fo great a quantity to all the parts; and that _ part which remainesin the flender veines of the liver muft needs caufe oppilations and obftruéions, But laftly, to conclude with this Indian drinke, I will adde what I have heard Phyfitians of the India’s fay of it, and have feen it by experience in others (though never! could find it in my felfe ) that thofe that ufe this Chocolatte much, grow fat and corpulent by it: which indeed may feem hard to beleeve; for confide- ring that all theingredients, except the Cacao,doe rather extenuate, then makefat, becaufethey are hot and dry in thethirddegree. And we have already faid, that the qualities which doe predominate in Cacao, arecold and dry, which are very unfit to « adde any fubftance to the body. Nevertheleffe it may be anfwered thatthe many un@u- ous parts, which have been proved to be inthe Cacao > are thofe which pinguifie and make fat; and the hotter ingredients of this compofition ferve for a guide, or vehi- call, to paffe to the liver, andthe other parts, untill they come to the ficfhy parte; and - there finding a like fubftance which is hot and moift, asis theun€tuous part , conver- - ting it felfe into the fame fubltarce,it doth augment and pinguifie. But how then mighe _ this Cacao with the other Indian ingredients be had in England? even by trading’ in Spaine for itzas we doe for other commodities ; or not fleighting it fo much as we and the Hollanders have often done upon the Indians feas; of whom I have heard the Spa- niards fay that when we have taken a goed prize, a fbip laden with Cacao, in anger and wrath we have hurled over board this good commoditie, not regarding the worth and goodneffe of it, but calling it in bad Spanifh, Cagarnta de Carnero, or fheeps dungin good Engiifh. It isone of theneceflarieht commodities in the India’s, and nothing enricheth Chiapa in particular more then it, whither are brought from Mexico and o- ther parts, the rich bags of Patacons onely forthis Cagaruta de Carnero, which we _ call fheepsdung. The other drinke which is much ufed in the India’s is called’ Atolle, of which I will fay but alittle, becaufe I know itcannotbeufed here. This was the drinke of the ancient Indians, andisa thick papmade of the flowerof Maiz, taq king off the huskesfromit, which is windy and melancholy. Thisis commonly car- ried by the Indian women tothe Markets hotin gots, and there is fold in cups. The Criolian ftudents, as wee goe toa Tavernetodrink a cop of wine, fo they go incoms | pany to the publike Markets, and as publikely buy and drinke by meafure of this Atol- le; which fomtimes.is feafoned with a little Chile, or long Pepper , and then it plea- feth them beft. Butthe Nuns and Gentlewomen have gota trick of confe@ioning ic with Cinnamon, Sweet-waters, Amber, or Muske, and ftore of Sugar, and thus it is held to bea moft ftrong and nourifhing drinke,which the Phyfitians doe prefcribe unto a weake body,as we doe here our Almond~miike. But of what England never knew nor tafted, 1 will fay no more, but haften my penne to Guatemala, which hath been my fecond patria, | CHAP.. A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. CHAP. XV: Shewing my jeurny from the City of Chiapa ; unto Guatemala, avd the chief places in the way, | | ecusen HE, time now being come that I was to leavethe little City of Chiapa,l took BSSt Sh Ss SS RY ISN DE S| ESS) fome occafion before-hand to take my leave of my beft friends, whofe chil- aS SS dren I had taught, and at my departure I muft confeffe I found them kind and ~ bountifull, except it were Dons Magdalena de Morals, from whom I did not expect, neither did I defire any farewell, or Adiew token. But among all,the Go- vernours wife was moft liberall unto meesfending mec many boxes ofAromaticall Cho- colatte, and one extraordinary great box with foure feverall divifions of different con-.. ferves gilt over,belides many Maple breads,and Biskets made with Egs and Sugar,a pre- fent it was which might have been {ent to a greater man then to a poor worthlefle Men- dicant Fryer , and with this ina handkerchief a dozen peeces of eight. Don Melchor del Velazco yet exceeded her,in words and complements I meane, but in deeds, hee and all thecrew of theCriolians muftthinke to come thort of them, who are borne in Spain. The firft Town L went unto, was T bespixca, fix leagues from Chispa, a faire and great Towne of Indians, who. are held to bee next unto the Iwdians of the other Chiapa in fitting and riding a horfe, In this town is nothing fo confiderableas the Church,which isgreat and ftrong, andthe mufick belonging unto itfweet andharmonious, The Vi- caror Curate of this place was one Fryer Peter A4artir a Criolian,whom I knew could not indurethe Prior nor mee, yet he would diffemble a love complementall exceeding well, and in outward thews raife it upto gradus ut Off. He knowing my prevalency with the Prior, durft not but give mee very good entertainment, which continued two dayesjuntill 1 was weary of hiscomplements. The third day I tookemy leave of him , who would not yetleave mee,but would conduc meeto Comitlan, whither I was invited by the Prior of that Cloifter, named Fryer. Thomas Rocolano, a Fresch man, who being a ftrariger tothe Spaniards (for be- fides him and my {elfe there wasno other ftranger in that County ) defired acquain- tance with mee, which hee began tofettle by meeting mee at the half way with ma~ ny Indians onhorfe back, having provided an harbour where wee might more con- veniently conferre and reft while our Chocolatteand other refrefhments were provided. But the Criolian Peter AZartir was not a little envious, (as I was afterwards informed in the Cloifter) to fee mee fo much made of and efteemed in the Country, yet his faire words and complements farre exceeded the fincerity and down-rightneffe of my French friend. At ConitlanI ftaied awholeweeke, riding about with the Prior unto the Indiaw townes, and downe the hill to the valley of Copanabaftla, where I injoyed much paftime and recreation among the Fryers and Indians and was feafted after the manner of thatCountry, which knoweth more of an Epicutian diet then doth En gland, or any part of Exrope; nay 1 am perfwaded ( and I haveheard Spaniards con- feffe it) that Spain hath taken from the India’s fince the conquelt many leffons for the drefling of feverall difhes andcompleating a feaft or banquet. After the week was en- ded my French friend the Prior condu&ted mee to Izquintenango,to tee mee well furni(h- ed up the Mountaines of Cuchumsstlanes. This Towne (as have formerly obferved) ftandeth almoft at the end of the Valley of Copanabaftla, and within two leagues of the Cuchamatlanes. Itis one of the fineft Indian Townes of all the Province of Chiapas and very rich, by reafon of the much Cotton wooll in it, and efpecially by reafon of its fituation, for ftanding in the Roade way to Gustemsla, all the Merchants of the Country that trade with their mulesthat way, pafle through this Towne, and there buy and {ell,enriching it wich mony and farre brought Commodities. It is moft plen- tifully ftoredwith fruits, efpecially with what they call Pina’s or Pine fruit, It ftandeth clofe by the great River, whichrunneth to Ghiapa of the Indians, and hath its {pring not farreoff from the Cuchamatlanes, and yet at this Townis very broad and deep.No. man nor beafttravlling to. Guatemala can goeinto it, or from Guatemala can goe out of it, but by ferrying over. And the Rodebeing much ufed and beaten by travellers, L2 and » series New Surzey of the Welt-Indies, and by fuch as they call Requas ot mules(every Requa conilitting of fitty or threefcore mules) this Ferryis day and nightimployed) and yeelds much treafure tothe town at the yeers end. The Indians ot the Lown befidesthe terry boat, have made many other little boats, or Canoa’s to goeup and downthe River. Hither when the Prior of Comitlan had brought me, we were waited for by the Vicar or Fryer. of that Town with the chiefand principall Indians, and moftot the Canoa’s. As we ferryed over, the little Canoa’s went before us with the Quirifters of the Church fingiog before us, and with others founding their Waits and Trumpets. The Fryer that lived in this Town,was called Fryer Geronymo de Guevara, lictleinftacure, but great in flate, pride and vanicy, as hee {hewed himfelf in what hee had provided for usboth of fith and fiefh. A brave profeffour or vower of Mendicancy and poverty he was,who in twelve yeers that hee had lived in that Towne, what by mumming of Mafics for the dead and living, what by {hearing and fleecing the poore Indians, what by trading and traf- fiquing with the Merchantsthat ufed that Rodejhad got fix thoufand Duckats, which hee had fent to Spain tothe Court of A4adréd,to trade with them Simoniacally forthe Bifhoprick of Cbiapa,which ifhe obtained not, (yet when | came out of that Country the report went that hee had obtained it) hee would and was well able with a fecond fupply to obtainea better, After two daies feafting with him, bee andthe Prior of Comitlan both joyned their power and authority to fee mee well manned with In- dians, tothe firft Towne of the Cuchmmatlane:.. A mule was prepared to carry my bedding, (which weecomnionly carried with us in cheftsof leather called Petaca’s ) another Indian tocarry my Petaquilla wherein was my Chocolatte and all imple- mentsto makeit; and three more Indians to ride before and behinde to guide me; but to all thefe nothing wastobe paid, ( leftacuftome of paying fhould bee brought in, for fo they doGtrined mee as a novice inthat Country) except it wereto give them a cup of Chocolatte if Idrank in the way, or whenIcameto my journeys end. Here f tooke my leave of my good French friend, (who yet continued friendfhip with mee by frequent lettersto Guatemala) and of my low but high minded Guevara,who bad mee expeétno friendly entertainment, untill I were well pafled overthe Cuchuma- tlanes and arrived at Sacapula, which wasfoure daies journey trom thence, Yet hee told mee I might demand what fervice I lift from the Indians,and call for what I had a minde to eat without. paying any mony,fo that I did writedown my expences in the common Town Book. — Oe ak ~Fhus I went away from my friendsfomewhat. heavy having no other company but unknowne Indians, leaving apleafant and delightfome valley behind mee , and feeing nothing before mee but high and fteepy hilsand mountaines, and confidering that in foure or fivedayes I fhould feeno mote gallant Dominicans and of mineown profeffion. Now I wifhedI had the company of my Adelendex and other friends,who were a comfortoneto another upon the hillsand rocksof Adaquilapa. Yet at laf Iconcluded, up Englifb heart and courage, guondam bec meminiffe juvabit. Though the mountaines feemed high afar off, yet. as I cravelled on, I found the way liebetween them very eafieand paffable, and met now and then Requas of mules, which were no little comfort unto mee to confider, if they being heavily laden could goethrough thofe Mountaines, my mule thathad in mee but alight burden would eafily over- come any danger ; it comforted mee.alfo. to confider thatthere were T ownes(though but little ones) where I might reft every night. The further Twente, the better and more open! found the Rode; Onely theraine and dirt troubled me, which I could not avoid, it being theend of September,or as therethey reckon,the end of winter. The firtt Town I came to amongft thofe Mountaines was called St. Adartinga little place of fometwenty houfes; 1 went co the houfe that belonged to the Francifcan Fryers( who feldome in the yeer came tothat poverty of houfe and houferoome) wherel lighted and caufed the Indians tobee called who were. appointed to give attendance to tra- vellersand paflengers. 1 foundthem very traétableand dutifull, bidding mee wel- come, bringing mee hot water formy Chocolatte, which I drunke offheartily; and gaveunto my Indians of Ixguintenango, who refrefhedthemfelves and their mules well for nothing, this being a cuftome among jthofe Townes in the Rode to welcome one another whenfoever they come with travellers. 1 might trave had for my fupper any thing that place would afford, but I, madechoiceof a pullet, which f chought would bee cheapelt forthe poorelwdians, I-was glad lhad brought with meea good big a i a a a a ee oats ee ANew Survey of the Welt-Indies. | cooler then the valley of Copanabaftla, My bed was made in a little thatched Cobe,and Indian boyes appointed to fleep in the next room to me,and to be at hand if inthe nighs 1 fhould want any thing, Thus having appointed what attendance I had need of in the morning to the next Town,difcharging the Indians that had brought me from Izquin- senango, 1 wentunto my reft, which] tooke as quietly as. if1 had been in the compa- ny of my beltfriends. The nextday being accompanied by two Indians, having fent -my carriage by.another, I tooke my journey to the next Towne, which is called Cx- chumatlan grande, becaufe it ftandeth on the highelt part of thofe Mountaines, and in the way the Indians {hewed mee thehead {pring or spunae of the great R4ver of Chiapa of the Indians, which isthe onely remarkablethingin that Rode. Cuchuma- tlan grandeis a Towne littlebigger then St. Adartiny and of Indians very curteous, who areufed and beaten to daily travellers, and fo make very muchofthem. Here I was entertained as the night before; and found the poore Indians willing to give mee whatfoever I demanded for my better and fafer guiding and conducting the next day, and that nighcfor my fapper whatI pleafedto call for, without any pay, but onely writing down my nameand expences with the day and moneth in their com ~ mon booke of accounts, This are thofe poore wretches broaghtto by the Fryers and commanding Jufices, though of themfelvesthey haveno more thena Milpaof Maiz as they terme ic, or a little [diaz Wheat Plantation, with as much Chile as will fuftice them forthe yeer,and what the Merchants and Travellers give them voluntarily which is little enough, From this Town | would not follow the Rode tothenext, which was along journy of feven or eight leagues without baiting by the way ; and alfo be- caufe I had beeneinformed at Chiap2 and at Copanabaftla of a {trange piCture of our Lady, which wasamongft thefe Mountainesin a little Towne of Indians called Chiantla, which inthis dayes journy being not above aleague out of my way, I was refolved to fee, The wayes were bad,lying out of the Rode,yet by noon I got to Chiaatla,w hich is a Town belonging unto Mercenarian F ryers,who doubtlefle would not be ableto fub- fift info poore a place, had they not invented that loadftone of their piCture of Afary, and cried icup for miraculous , to draw people farre and neere,and all travellers from the Rodeto pray unto it, andto leave their giftsand almes untothemfor their pray- ers and Mafles. Suchanincome of treafureand riches hath beene from deluded and ignorant foules to this beggerly Towne, that the Fryers have had wherewith to build a Cloifter able-to maintaine foure or five of them. The Church is richly fur- nifhed , but efpecially the high Alcar where the picture ftandeth in a Tabernacle with half a dozen curtaines of Silk, Sattin, cloth of gold, with borders of golden lace be- fore it, wearing arich Crowne.of gold, thickly befet with Diamonds and other pre- tious ftones. Therehang before it at leaft a dozen rich lampes of filver; and inthe veltry of che Church are many Bowness Candleftickes of filver, Cenfers to burn Frane kincenfe beforeit, befides rich Copes, Veltments, Ornaments for the Altar, and hang- ings forallthe Church, Hen 9) ARS | am To conclude, here isa treafure hidinthe Mountaines ; Oh that it could bee found outto doe the Lordfervice. I was welcomed to this place by thofe Fryers, who were ftrangers unto mee; my head was filled that day by them with relations of ftrange and many miracles or lies, which they told mee of that pi@ture; but the heavinefle of my head did mee good in fomething, for it made mee more drow/fie at night and apter to take good reft. The next day I got into the Rodeagaine, and went to the laft Town of thefe Cuchumatlanes called Chanitlan, where I flayed all that day and night,and fent ~ before aletter to the Prior. of Sacapula of my going thither thenext day. In Cbauslan I was very kindly ufed by the Zndinns, and liked the;Towne the better for the excel- It3 big F ra(cosas they call it,or bottle of wine,for I began already to find the Cuchumatlanes i lent grapes which chereI found, not planted like vineyards, but growing upinhar- ~ bours;which fhew that ifthac land were planted, it would certainly yeeld as good grapes for wine, asany arein Spain. They arecarried from that place to Guatemala, which ftands from ic neer forty leagues, and are fold about the ftreets for rarities and great dainties; and well may they,for from Aexico to Guatemala there are none like them. T he next morning J made hatte to be gone, that] might come foonerto Sacapula, wherel was to finde thofe of mine owne profeflion, with whom knew I might ftay and refta whole weekeif I pleafed. I had not rid above three leagues, when I began to difcover at alow and deep bottome, a pleafant and goodly valley, laced with a River; whofe L 3 Waterg ae “A New Survey of the VV elt-Indies. waters receiving the glorious brightneflé of Phebus beames reverberated up to the top of the Mountaine, adclightfome profpe& to the beholders, the more I hafted to thac feeming Paradife, the more didthe twinkling and wanton itreame invite mee downe the hill; which Thad no fooner defcended,but I found in an harbourby the water fide the Prior of Sacapula hirnfelfe wich a good traine of Indians waiting tor mee witha cup of Chocolatte. Atthe firft fight I wasa litcle daunted to behold the Prior, who looked moft fearfully witha bladder from his throat fwelled almoft round his necke, which hung over his fhoulders and'breaft, and flayed up his chin, and lifted up his liead fo, that hee could {carce looke any whither butup toheaven. In our difcourfe he told mee that difeafe had beene upon him at leaft ten yeers,and that the water of that River had cauted itinhim, andin many others of that Town. This medemee now as much out of love with the River, as abovethe hill Thad liked the goodly fight of 4t , and therefore refolved not'to’ {tay fo long in that place: asl had thought, left the waters fhould marke me for all my life, as they. had done this Prior ; whofe name was Fryer Fobn De'jaCruz, a Bifcaine borne,and(like fome of that Nation) a little trou- bled with the fimples, but a good hearted man, humble, and well beloved over all the Country both by Spaniards and Indians. When I came to the Towne! difcovered many men and women with bladders in their throats likethe poore Prior,which made mee almoft unwilling to drink thereany Chotolatte made with that water, or eat a- ny thing dreffed with it; untill the Prior did much incourage mee and told mee that ie did not hurt all but onely fome, and thofe who did drinkitcold; wherewith I re- folved to ftay there foure or five daies, becaufe of the old Priors importunity, who would faine have had mee continue to live with him, promifing to teach mee the In- dian languageina very fhorttime: But higher matters calling mee to Guatemala, | excufed my felfe, and continued there five dayes with much recreation. The Town though it be not in the generall very ‘rich, yet there arefome Indien Merchants who trade about the country and ¢fpecially to Swcheitepeques where is the chief flore of Cacao, and thereby fome of this Towne of Sacapula, have inriched themfelves; the reft of the people trade in potsand pans, which they‘make of an earth there fit for that pur- pofe. But-the principall Merchandize of this place is falt,which they gather in the morning from the ground thatlyeth neere the River. The aire is hot, by reafon the Town ftandeth low, ‘ahd compafled with high hills on every fide. Befides many good fruits which are here, there are Datesas good as thofe in that come from Barbary, and many trees ofthemin the Garden belonging to the Cloifter. After I had here wearied out the wéarinefle, which I brought in my bones from the Cachnmatianes, I departed taking my way to Guatemala, and from Sacapala 1 wentto.a Town called St. Andres,or Sts Andrews, which ftandeth fix or feven leagues from Sacapula, a great Town, but nothing retmarkable in it, fave onely Cotton woolland Turkies, and about it fome rich Eftanitia’sor Fartnes of Cattell, which are commodioufly feated here, it being a plain Chatipaigne Coutitty. - Yetat further.end of this plain thereis a Moun- taine which difcourageth with thefight all fuch astfavell to Guatemala, from St. An- drés Uptepared my felfefor the next daics journey; which was of nine long leapucs, to avery great Town éalled by twonames, by fome Sacualps, by others Sta. Adaria Zojabab ; to the which T could not goe without pafling over that Mountaine. I fent ‘word of going to Zojzbab the day before (as is the cuftome there) that mules and hor- fes might meet mee upon the Mountaine, and the night before T wenttoa Rancho (which isa lodge built for travellers to reftwhen the journey is long ) which ftood within a leagtie of the Mountaine by a River, where with the waters murmur, and refrefhing gales I cooke good reft; In the morning ‘having ‘refrefhed my felfe, and my Indians with Chocolatte Ifet out to incounter with that proud Mountaine; and when I came unto it I found it notfo hatdto overcome, asl had conceited, the way lying with windings and turtiings; But the higher I mounted the more my eyes were trou- bled with looking to the River below,whofe rockes were enough to aftonifh and make a ftoutheart tremble, About the middle ofthe Mountaine the Indians of Zojabab met witha mulefor tee, and another for my carriagein anarrow paflage where the way went wheeling.’ Here! lighted, whilft the ledians helped one another to unload and load the mule that cameofrefrefh. Out ofthe narrow way the fide of the Moun taine was fteepy, anda fearefull precipice of two or three milesto the bottome, almott bare of crees, hereand'there one onely growing. My heart was true unto mee,wifhing mee rere Le a a a a | ar + aR a a a a Nc Hts ati ly re RT an baa og é i ae A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. IS mee to walke up a foot untill I came unto fome broader paflage; but the Indians per ceiving my fearetold methere was no danger, affuring mee further that the Mule they had brought was fure, and had beeen well ufed to that mountaine.With their perfwa- fions I got np, but no fooner was I mounted when the Mule began to play her prankes and to kick, andto leap out of the way, cafting me down and herfelfe, both rouling and tumbling a pace to the rockes and death,had not afhrub prevented me, anda tree itopped the Muiesblindfury. The Indians cried out, milagro, mifagro, miracle, mira- cle, Santo, Santo, a Saint, a Saint, tomefoloudasif they would have had their cry reach to Rome to helpe forward my canonization; for many fuch miracles have fome been noifed at Rome, and with further contribution of mony have been enrolled in the booke and Catalogue of Saints. Whilft the Indians helped me up and brought the Male againe into the way, they did nothing but flatter me with this terme Saint; which they needed not have done, if as they confidered my dangerous fall and topping at a fhrub ( which wasby chance,and not by miracle)they had farther confidered my paflion and hafty wrath(not befitting a Saint )wherewith I threatned to bait their ribs for deceivi ng mee with a yong Mule not well accuftomed eo the faddle. Butall my hafty words and anger could not difcredit me with them, nor leffen cheir conceipt of my holineffe and fan&tity,who hold the anger and wrath of a Preiftto be the breath of Gods noftrils, and with this their foolifh conceipt of mee, they kneeled before me kifling my hands. The bufinefle being farther examined,they confeffed that they had been miftaken in the Mules, having fadled for me that which fhould have carried my Petaca’s, or leatherrie chefts, which wasa young Mule accuftomed onely to carriages, and not tothe fad- dle, and upon that which fhould have been fadled they put my carriage. Whilftthey unloaded and loaded again and fadled the right Mule,I walked up the hill about a mile, and when they overtooke me J got up and rid till 1 met with my refrefhing harbour and Chocolatte, and many Indians thatcame to receive me, among whom it was prefent- ly noifed that I was a Saint and had wrought a miracle in the way ;’ with this the reft of the Indians kneeled to me and kifled my hands, and in the way that we went to the Towne, all their talk was of my fan&tity. 1 wasmuch vexed at theirfimplicity , but the more they faw mee unwilling to accept of thathonour, the more they prefled it upon me. WhenI came tothe Town toldthe Frier what had happened , ‘and what the foolith Indians bad conceited ; at which he laughed, and told me that he would warrant meif I ftaied long in the Towne, all the men and women would conte to kiffe my handsand to offer their gifts unto me. Heknew well their qualities, or elfe had taught them this (uperftition with many others; for no fooner had we dined, but many were gathered to the Church to fee the Saint that was come to their Towne, and that had wrought a miracle in the mountaine as he came. With this I began to be more troubled.then before at the folly of the fimple people, and defired the Fryer to checke and rebuke them, who by no means would,but rather laughed at it,faying,that in po- licy we ought to accept of any honour fromthe Izdiazs, for aslong as we had credit and an opinion of Saintsamong them,(o long we fhould prevaile todo any with them, yea even to command them and their fortunes at our pleafure. With this I went downe with theF rier to.the Church, afid fatedowne with him in a chaire inthe Quire,repre- fenting the perfon of {uch aSaint as they imagined meéto be, though in reality and truth but.a wretched finner, | No fooner had wetaken up our places,when the Indians,men, women, and chil= ; dren came up by three and four,or whole families tothe Quire, fir kneclingdownfor my blefling,. and then kiffing my hands, they began tofpeake to me in their Indian complements to this purpofe, that their Town was happy and doubtleffe bleffed from heaven by my coming into it, and that they hoped their foules (hould be much the bet- “tter if they might partake of my praiers to God for them. And for this parpofe fome offered untome money, fomehony, fomeegs, fomedictle mantles, fome Plantins, and other fruits, fome fowles, and fome Turkeys. “The Frier that fate by me I per- ceived was overjoyed with this, forhe knew Iwas to be gone, and would leave unto him all thofé offerings. Idefired himto make anfweruntothe Judizwsin my behalfe, exculing me as not well verfed in their language( yetthe fooles if they thoughe and judged me to be a Saint, might have expe&ted from mealfo the gift of tongues which he did telling themthat T hadbeen butrawhileinthat Country, and though I under- ftcod pactof theirlanguage, yet could not fpeakenor pronounce it perie@ly, and therefore’ —E Sa eas 5 ic Raa oe ; TS ate Aiee Survey of the VVelt-Indies. therefore from me he did give them hearty thankes for rhe great Jove they had fhewed unto an Ambaffadour of God, witnelfling it with fo many (orts of offerings, which ~ affuredly fhould remind him and mee of our offerings for them,in our praiers and hearty recommendations of them and their children unto God. Thus wag that cere- mony ended,the Indians difmifled,and the Frier and I went upto achamber, wherehe ~ began to tell his egs and fowles and to difpofe offome of them for our fupper; he told me he would take them,but at my departure would give me fo newhat for themshe bad me keep what money they had given me,and told mel was welcome unto bim,and no burdenfome guefle, but very profitable; who had brought with me ftore of provifion for my felfe and for him many daies after. The money I received cane to fourty Rials, befides twenty which he gave me for the other offerings, which might be worth four- ty more; -all chis I got for having a fall from a Mule, and for not breaking my necke. Y would taine have departed the next morning, but Foha Vidall ( fo was the F rier na- med ) would not permit me, for that the next journey was of at leaft zo leagues, and therefore he would have me reft my felfe the next day. _ This Towne of Zojabah, or Sacualpa is the biggelt and faireft of all the Towns that belongunto the Priory of Sacapnla; the Indians are rich, and make of their Cotton- wool many mantles, they have plenty of hony, and great flocks of goats and kids; but here, nor inall the Townes behind there is no wheat, faveonly Indian Maiz. The next day fome {mall offerings fellunto mee, but nothing like the day before; and {oI ‘toldtheFrier, that now the peoples devotion was decaied , I would bee gone in the morning before day. That nightthe chiefe Indians of the Townecame to offer their fervice and attendance upon me to a Rancho or lodge that ftandeth in the middle way; but I would not accept of the great ones, but defired that I might have three onel y of the meaner fort to guide meetill I met with company from the Towne whither { was going, and whither I had fent warning of my comming. The time appointed was three of theclock inthe morning; at which houre aftera little {leep I was called, and having drunke my Chocolatte, and eata maple bread witha littleconferve,I prepared my felte for my journey, and found the Evdians ready waiting for mein the yard, with pieces of pine-wood, which burn like torches,and with which they ufeto travell in che night, and to fhew the way tohim whomthey guide. A little ee the Towne wee had fomecraggy wayes, which indeedhad need of lights, but afterwards wecame ins toa plainechampaigneCountrey, which continued till within a league of the middle way lodge; tothe which we were to defcend a fteep hill. When we came thither( which was about feven in the morning)we found our frefh fupply waiting forus,who had fe out from their Towne at midnight to meet us ( note the Indians fubjetion to their Preiftscommand ) and had madeusa fire, and warmed water for our Chocolatte. Which whilft I wasdrinking, the Indians of Zojababywho had guided me thither, gave notice to thofe that came toreceive from $7. AZartin( fo wasthe Towne called whi- ther I was thatday minded) of my miracleand fan&ity , withing them to reverence and refpe& me inthe way. But not forthis their foolifhreport did I make the Indisng - of Zoiabah drinke every one a cup of Chocolatte,and fo dilmifled them; and took for- wards my journey to St. Martin. Mottof the way'Was hilly and craggy till wecame withintwomiles of the Towne; tothe which we arrivedby noone, This Towne is cold, ftanding high, yet pleafant for the profpe& almoft to Guatemala, here, and in mott of the Towns about itis moft excellent wheat. The hony of chis Towne is the beft in the Countrey 5 but above all it furnifheth Guatemala with Quailes, Partridges, . and Rabbits. tis the firft Towne wee enter into belonging to the Cityand command of Guatemala; which did nota little comfort me, that now] wanted but one good journey to make anendof mylong, tediousand wearifome travelling, The Frier of this Towne named Thomas de la Cruz belonged unto the Dominican ‘Cloifter of Guatemalas hewasa Criolian, but yet he entertained me very lovingly. I ftaied with him but that night. And in themorning (though I might have gone to dinner to Gua- semala)| would needs goe by the way tooneof the biggelt Townesin that Countrey, _ Called Chimaltcwango, (tanding in an open valley three leagues from the Ciry,confilling of.athonfand houfe-keepers, and rich Indians whotrademuch about the Countreye In this Towne inmy time there was one Indian, who alone had beftowed upon the Church five thoufand duckates. $The Church yeelds to noneinthe City of Guatemala, and in mufick itexcceds moft about the Country. Thechieffeak of Chimaltenango is : upon A New Survey of ‘the Weft-Indies. upon the 26.day of Fuly, (which they'call St. Anes day) and then is the richelt faire that ever my eyesbeheldin thofe parts of all forts of Merchants and Merchandize; Itis father fecforth with Bull-baiting, Horce-racing, Scage-playes, Maskes, dances, Mufick, and all this gallantly pertormedby the Indians of the Town. The Fryer of this Town wasa Dominican, belonging to the Cloilter ofthe Dominicans of Gaatex mala, named Alonfo Hidalgo, a toureeyed old man, for. hee alwaies wore {peGaeles. Hee was a Spantard borne, but having beene brought up in that Country trom his youth, and having taken his habic and vowes in Guatemala among the Criolians, hee degenerated trom his birth and Country-men, hating all fuch ascame from Sp.ia, Hee was deadly enemy to the Provinciall (ayming indeed himfelie to bee Provinciall . with the favour of theCriolians) and fo I perceived hee would have picked a quar-, rell withmee) whilit Iwas wich him; hee told meel was welcome, though hee had, lictle reafon to bid any welcome that had comefrom Spain, who ‘hee thought came but to fupplant thofe that had been born and brought up therein their own Country, and that forought hee knew, I learning the language of thofe Indises might one day difpoffeffe him of that Towne, wherein hee had continued aboveten yeers; hee envied much againft the Provinciall and Fryer Job Baptift the Prior of Guatemala ; whom hee knew tobe my friend; Bur to allthis lanfwered not a word, refpetting his graveand old age, and Cryftall fpeGtacles. At laft he told mee that hee had heard fay, thatthe Indiaus of Zojabsh had cried meeupfora Saint, which heecould not be- ‘ Jeeve of anythat came from Spaix, much lefleof mee that came trom England a coun- trey of hereticks; but hee feared rather that 1 might comeas a(fpie, to view the ri- ches of that their Country, and betray them hereafter to England,and that in Gustemala there were many rich pieces, efpecially a pi€ture of our Lady, and alampe in the Cloi- fter of the Dominicans, which he doubted not but I would bee carefull to pry into, Buc allthis { pucup with ajeit, faying, that I would bee fare to take notice firft of the riches ofhis chamber in pi@tu:es, hangings,and rich Cabinets, and that if the Eng/s{b came thither in mytime, I would farely condu& them toit; and if hee himéelfe’ would but caufea fet of teeth of filver to bee fet in his gums and jawes in ftead of thofé leaden ones, (for hee was fo old that hee had loft all histeeh, and had got fome of lead in their ftead) then furely I would alfo condu& the Exgiifb to him as toa rich prizeifor his teeth,and chat I would warrant him hee fhould bee well ufed for his cutward and inward riches; andthatthis my counfell might bee profitable and of confequence to him, Itoldhim; for if the Engéifb fhouldcome, certainly they would try of what — metall his teeth were made, thinkingthat they mightbee of fome rare and exquifite fubftance found onely inthat Country, and fo might caufe him to drink ‘ich hot and fcalding broth, (to try whether they were lead) as might melt them in his mouth,and make the melted lead rannedowne his throat, whichif they were of filver,they would not doe. Hee perceived I jeared him, and fo hee let mee alone; I was glad I had put him out of his former byas ofrayling ; fodinnerbeing ended,{ told him I would not flay fupper, but goeto Guatemala to alight fupper in the Cloifter, for that hee had given mee fuch a dinner, asI feared I fhould not have digefted it in few daies. I de- fired him colet me have Indians to guide me to Guatemala,whieh he willingly performedy peradventure fearing that if I ftayed fupperwith him, I fhould mele the teeth int his mouth with fome {calding cup of my Chocolatte brought fron: Chiapz, or that in the night I fhould rifle or plunder his chamber of hisrich Idols and Ebony Cabinets. The Indians being come, t made ha(tto be gone from that four eyed bealt,being now de- firous of aconftant reftin Guatemala, Within a league from this Town of Chimaltenango, the Rode way leavingthat open,wide, and {patious valley,contra&s and gathercth in it felfe between’ hils and mountaines ftanding on each fide , and focontinueth to the. City. From this Valley unto Guatemala, neitheris there any afcenvor defcent but a plaine, broad and fandyway. Theeye hath much to view, though compaffed with Mountaines, in thefe two laft leagues; for yet i: may behold a Town of Indians which taketh up moft of the way, and iscounted as big as Chimaltemango, if not bigger, the houfes lying {cattered with a diftance one from another, mingled with many fair build~ ings of Spaniards, who refort much thither from theCity for their recreations This Townis called Xscotenangs, of a fruit named Xocotte, which is mot plenti‘ull there and all aboucthe Country ; itis freth and cooling, of a yellow colour when ripe, and of two forts, fome{wast,and others fowre, of the ftones whereof the Fedians make a fires _ tyled,and asking what Town that w a A New Survey of the VVelt-Indies. fire; they lie fo chick inthe way, dropping fromthe trees for want of gathering and fpending them all that the Spaniards have begun to practife the buying of Hogs on pur- ofeto letthem runneaboucthat high way, finding that they fatas {peedily and as well with chofe plummes, as our Hogs doe in England with Akorns. All this way are alfo many faire gardens, which fupply the Markets of Guatemala with herbs, roots fruits, and flowersall the yeer. There are further in this Rode three water mills for the corn of the City,whereof the chief and the richeft belongs to the Dominican Fryers of Guatemala, who keep therea Fryer conftantly with three or foure Blackmores to doe and overfee the worke; What will not thofe Fryers doe to fatisfie their covetous mindes? Even dutty Millars they will become to get wealth. The Frontifpice of the Church of this Town is judged one of the beft pieces of worke thereabouts; the high Altar within isalfo rich and{ftately, being all daubed with gold. I made no ftay in this place, becaufe I knew I fhould have many occafions after my fetling in the City to come unto it. And thus keeping between the hils J continued on my journey till Icame to Guatemale, whofe Dominions , riches and greatneffe the following chapter fhall largely thew. CHAP. XVIII. Deferibing the Dominions, Government, Riches, and greatnefve of the City of Guatemala,and Country belonging untoit. ; ag~ Had notrid onabove a mile from the Church of Xocotenango,when the hils % and Mountaines feemed co depart one from another, leaving a more {pati- 2% ous object for the eye to behold,and a wider Valley to wander in. The fame of that City from Aéexico and Chiape had raifed up my thoughts to con~ * ceit of fome ftrong walls, Towers, Forts or Bulwarks to (epi an afpi- ring or attempting enemy ;But when J came neereand leaft thought of it,I found my felf _ in it without entring through walls, or gates,or pafling over any bridge,or finding any watchor guardto examine who I was ; but pafling by a new built Church, ftanding neere a place of dunghils, where were none but mean houfes, fome thatched,and fome as,an{wer vas made me that it was the City of Gaa- semala,and that that, being called Se. Sebaffian,was the onely Parifh Church of the City, With thismy high conceiting thoughts ftooped downto think of fome fecond Chiapas till having continued on a while by houfes on my right hand and dunghils on my left, I came to abroader ftreet having houfes on each fide, which feemed to promife a City at hand. At my firft turning Idifcovered a proud and ftately Cloifter, which was the place of reft to my wearied body, 1 furrounded it to finde out the back gate, and there lighted, and enquired for the Prior,who bad mevery welcome, affuring me that for the Provincials fake, Ifhould want noincouragement, and that hee would doe for mee much more then what the Provincial had fignified unto him by Letters. He told mee hee had beene brought up in Spain, inthe Country of 4fturia, where many En- giift (hips did ufeto come,and having feen there many of my Nation, he affe&ted them very much, and to meeasone of fo good a Nation,and as a ftranger and Pilgrime out of my owne Country, heewould thew all the favour that the utmott of his power would afford. How glad was I,to find in him fo contrary an opinion to that offoureeyed Hj- dalgs? And how did he performe his words? He was the chief Mafter and Reader of Divinity inthe Univerfity, his name Mafter-Facintho de Cabanas, who finding mee de- firousto follow the Schools,and efpecially to hear from him fome leffons of Theologie, within the firft quarter of yeer,that I had been his conftant and attentive Auditor,graced mee withapublick a& of conclufions of Divinity, which was to defend under his dire&tion and moderation in the face of the whole Univerfity and Afflembly of Do&ors and Divines, againft the Tenents of Scotus and Suarez. But the principall and head conclafion was concerning the birth of the Virgin AZary,whom both J fuites, S#srez and Francifcans, and Scotifts hold to have beene borne without Originall finne, or any Bee ee eee any guiltor ftaine of it, again{t whole fond,foolifh and ungrounded fancies ly defended with Tbomas Aquinas and all Thomifis, that {hee (as well as all Adanas po- fterity)) wasborneinOriginall. lt wasan act, the like whereof had not been {0 con- troverted in that Univerfity wich arguments in contra, and their aniwers and folutions, and with reafons and arguments in pre many yeers:before. The Jefutites ftamped with their feet, clapt with their hands, railed with their tongues , and condemned it with their mouths for a herefie, faying, that in Exgland , where were hereticks, fach an opinion concerning Chrifts mother might bee held, and defended by mee who had my birth among hereticks, but that. Mafter Cabasnas borne among Spaxiards, and broughcup in their Univerfities, and being the chief Reader in that famous Academy fhould maintainefuch an opinion,they could not but much marvaile and wonder atic, But with patience I told them, that ftrong reafons, and thefurther authority of many oS 8 ae | publick- ocLs learned Thomift Divines thould fatisfie their vaine and clamorous wondring. The — A& was ended, and chough with Jefuites I could get nocredit, yet with the Domi- nicans, and with Malter @abannas, 1 goc fo much that { never after lott it for the fpace. of almoft twelve yeers ; but was {till honored by tlie meanes of this Gabannas and Fryer Fobn Baprift the Prior of Chiapa ( whoat Chriftmasénfuing was made Prior of Guatemala) with honors and preferments as great as ever ftranger was living amon g Spaniards. Thefe two above named being at Candlemas or beginning of February that fame yeer at Ghiapa, at the eleCtion of a new Provinciall, would not forget mee their poorett friend ftil abiding in Gastemada,but remembring that the Univerfity( which belonged chiefly to the Cloitter ) at Michaelmas would want a new Reader or Mafter of Arts to begin with Logick, continue through the eight bookes of Phyficks, and toend withthe Metaphylicks, ‘propounded mee to the new elefted Provincialll(whofe name was Fryer Feb Ximend)and to the whole Chapter and Conventicle of the Pro= vince for Reader of Arts in Guatemala the Michaelmas next enfying. Their fuic for me was fo earnelt and their authority fo great that nothing could bee denied them, and fo they broughtunto mec from the Provinciall Chapter thefe infuing Letters Patents, from Fryer Fobn Ximenxoywhofe form and manner I thought fichere to iffert out of the Original in Spanifb(which to thisday abideth with me)for curiofity and fatisfa@ion of my Reader. | Fs Iwan Ximeno Predicador General y Prior Provincial defla Provingia A de SanVicente de Chiapay Guatemala, Orden de Predicadores. Poy quanto nucfiro Conwento de Sancte Domingo de Guatemala carece de Lector de_Artes. Por la prefente Inftituyo-y doy por Lector Al Padre fray Thomas de Sanéta Ma- 71a (fowas my Name then, and by thisname will fome Spaniards know mee, who may chance hereafter to read this, and curfesmee) por la bitefascton que tengo de {us fufficiencia, Y mando al Pe. Prior del dicho nueftro Convento » le pong en polfeffion del ral officio, Y para mayor merito de obediencid le mando an virtute Spiritus faniti,et {ancta obedientia, et {ubpracepto formali . In no- mine Patris, et Filiet Spiritus faniti, Amen. Fechoen efle nueftro Conwente de Chiapa la Real en neve de Febrero de 1647. Y lamande feNar con {ello way or de nuiftro officto. Fray Juan fod ‘Por Mandadode Noftro Rdo, or | Padre, Fray Juan de Sto. Ximeno Plis . "y Domingo Noto. » » Notifique effa Parente a el Contenido, ent di as del mes de Abril de 1627. Fray Juan Baptifta Por, This Form according to the Originall in Spanif is thus in Englifb,and to this puirpofé, Ryer Lohn Ximeno Preacher Generall, and Prior Provinciall of this Pros A vince of Saint Vincent of Chiapa and Guatemala, Order of Preachre; Whereas’ ANe Whereas our Convent of Saint Dominick of Guatemala wanteth and ftands in need of a Reader of Arts: Bythefe prefents I doe inftitute, name and appoint for Reader Fryer Thomas of Saint Mary, for the great fatisfaction which Ihave of his fufficiency. And I commandthe Prior of the forefaid our Convent, that hee put him into full poffeffion and enjoyment of the {aid Office. And for the greater merit of obedience command him ( our fore- named Reader) by vertue of the Holy Ghoft;and of holy obedience,and un- deraformall precept, Inthe Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghoft, Amen. Dated in this our Convent of CAéapa the Reyall,the ninth Survey Welt-Indies, of February, 1627. And commanded thefe to bee fealed with the great Seale of our Office. Fryer Iohn By the command of our Reverend or Father Fryer loha of St. Do- Ximeno Peal, | gninick Notary. Yuotified thefe Letters, Patests, unto the contained in them-the 12. day of the moneth of Aprill. 1627. i Fryer Iohn B aptift. Por, This honour conferred upon meea ftranger, and new commer to the Province, madethe Criolian party and fome others (who had aymed at that placeand prefer- ment in the Univerfiry) to ftomack mee, But to mee it waa {purre to ftir and prick mee On to a more eager purfuit of learning, to frequent the Academy leflons with more care anddiligence; and tofpend my felfe andtime, day and night, morein ftudying , that fo I might performe with like honour that which was laid upon mee, and anfwer the expectation of my beft and torwardeft friends, Three yeers [continued in this Convent and City in obedience to the forecited Patents; oftentimes I thought within my {elf that che honour of my Englifb Nation here lay upon me in Guatemals, in not fuffering any Spaniard. to goe beyond mee, or to outbrave mee with gallant, witty and well feeming arguments; and fomany times I would at nine of the clock at night, when others were gone to bed, take in my chamber a cup of hot Chocolatte, that with it I might banith {leep from mine eyes, and might the better continue inmy ftudy till one or two inthe morning, being bound to awake and bee up again by fix.1 was loath in thele three yeers to takeupon mee any other of fuch charges which are common ia fuch Convents ; butefpecially to preach much, and to hear the Confeffions of fuch both men and women as reforted:to the Church of that Cloifter, left hereby my ftu- dies might bee hindered, and time fpentin cther waies. Yet the Prior and Mafter C2+ bannas would often bee very importunate with mee, to obtainethe Bifhops Licente for hearing of Confeflions, and Preaching abroad inthe City and Country (for im the Church of that Cloifter Imight and did fometimes, though (eldome preach with Per- miffion of the Provinciall) but this I ftrongly refufed,untill fuch timeas the Provincial him(elfe came to Guatemala, who hearing me once Preach, would by all meanes have mee further licenfed and authorifed from the Bithop, that fo I might not bee ftraitned within the Cloifters limits, but abroad in other Churches might freely Preach, and thereby get fome money for the-better furnifhing my fel fe with Bookes. Hee therefore commanded meeto bee examined by five examiners all able Divines, for the fpace of three houres (as is the cuftome of that Order and having three hourcs ftood under their hard and rigid queftions and examination, having alfo at the end obtained their appro- bation, then the Provinciall prefented meeunto the Bifhop with thefe words follow- ing,being taken out of the Originall yet abiding with mee. | ses Juan Ximene Predicador General , y Provingial defta Provincia de San visente de Chiapa y Guatemala, Orden de Predicaderes, Prefento a Veftra ‘ A New Survey of the Weit-Indies. Vueftra Sennoria luftrifima al Padre Fray Thomas de Santa Maria, exa- minado a provado por cinco examinadores per vota Secreta, conforme a nucfiras Confittutiones , Para que Vueftra Sennoria Iluftrif..ma fe firva de darle licencia para Confelfar y Predicar 4 todo genera de Gente en {uobif* pado, Conforme a la Clementina, Dudum de Sepulturis. oe. o A Vueftra Sennoria Muftrifrma Suplico le aya por Prefentado, y fe firva de dalle la dicha licencia, que en ello recibire merced. Fray Juan. . OF Ximeno, Palis. This forme of Prefentation, uled among them, naming the party prefenting, and the party prefented, is in Englifhmuch to this purpofe. Rier Iohn Ximeno,Preacher Generall,and Provinciall of this Province of St. Vincent, of Chiapaand Guatemala, Order of Preachers,do prefent un- to your Lorfhip the father Prier Thomas of St..Mary ( already examined, and approved by five Examiners by fecret Votes , according to our Rule and Coniftitutions ) that your Lordfhip may be pleafed to grant him licence to heare Confeffions, and to preach to all forts of people in your Bifhoprick, ac- cording tothat Rule and Canon of Pope Clement, beginning with thefe words, Dudum de Sepulturss. I humbly befeech your Lordfhip, to have him for prefented , and to grant him your forefaid licence, and therein I fhall receive great favour. Frier Iohy or Ximeno. Palw. The Bithop of Guatemala being my great friend,and a well-wifher to learning and e- {pecially to that Univerfitie, needed not maay words of intreaty, but prefent- ly gave me this Licence written on the back-fide ofthe Prefentation,and that with- out any further examination by his Clergy and part of hisChapter, which hee may and doth ufe when he pleafeth. 7 N? el Maeftro Don Fray Ioan de Sandoval, y, Capata,. de la orden de San Auguftin por la Divina Gracia Obi{po de Guatemala y la Vera Pax, del Confejo de fu Mugiftad etc. Por la Prefente damos licencia al Padre Fray Thomas de Santa Maria de la Orden de Predicadores Content- doen la Prefentacion de, (w Religion atras Contenida, Para que en todo efte nueftro Obi(pado pueda Predicar, y Predique la Palabra de Dios, y para que pueda adminiftrar, y admimiftre el Sacramento Santo de la Penttentia gencralmente a todas las Perfonax que con el tubieren Devocion de Confe- fare ( excepto Monias) y 4 lax Per{onas que Confe(jare pueda abfolver, ¥ ab(uelva de todos {us pecados, Crimines y excelfos, excepto de los cafos re- fervados a {wu {antidad, y 4 Nos por Direcho. Dada ew la Cindad de San- tiago de Gwatemala, en quarto de Dixiembre de Mill, y Seyfcientos y veyn- te y nueve Annos: Cl Obifpo de: Por Mandade del Ili” mi Sen- Guatemala nor Pedro Ramirez de Valdes, Secretario. eae mt M This New Suruey of the V Velt-Indies. This forme of licence to preachand heare confeffions, from the Bithop of Gzate- mala, is worth Englifhing for {ome thingsin it, which I (hall obferve with inclo- fed Parenthefesas I goealong for the better reminding my Reader of them. V VE ( Bifhops in that Church {corne the name of a fingular perfon, — fhewing they have the power of all perfons joyned together in them, - of rich and poore, of fubject and Prince ) Mafter and Lord Frier John de San- doval y Capata of the Order of St. Auguftin( though brought up in a poore Mendicant Cloifter, yet now he takes upon himthe Title of a Lord, and {hewes how Prelates in that Church ufeto Lord it over the people) by the Divine Grace Bifhop of Guatemala and the Vera Paz ( he ftiles himfelfe'a Bifhop by Divine Grace, whereas he himfelfe acording to the common report of him, as alfo are molt Bifhops there made, was made Bifhop not by any Divine Grace, but by un- warranted Simeny and favour from Courtiers, having given many thonfand Crownes for that his Bifhopricke ) of his Majefties Councell ( Bilhops there muft be Counfellors to Kings, and meddle in Court and Politicke affaires )by thefe Prefent give licence to Father Frier Fhomas of Saint Mary, ofthe Or- der of Preachers, contained in the Prefentation from his religious Order on the back-fide of this our licence, that throughout all our Bifhopricke he ma and doe preach the word of God ( yet I confeffe This word of God ss little ufed in Sermons in that Church, but rather the words of Saints of theirs and Fathers, and lying words of miracles wherewith they ftuffe up awhole houres preaching) and that he may and doe adminifter the holy Sacrament of Penance( zor only as it came from the mouth of hin towhom the Seraphims cry Holy, Holy, Holy, but as it came from the head of Rome, who facrilegioufly tiles himfelfe Holj- nefje and moft Holy Father. Not a Sacrament as fo left and ordasned by Chrift, but one of Romes feven Sacraments, which as it ws a City knowne and diftin- guifhed by [even bills,fowill that Church be knowne and diftinenifhed from the trie Church by feven Sacraments ) generally to all perfons, which thal! have devotion to confeffe with him, excepting Nuns ( thi Bifhop had iz that City one of the fix Iudges of the Chancery his daughter a Nun called Donna Juana de Maldonado y Paz, whom he loved dearly, and much conferred with her in private in the Cloifier, whofe private conferences he was jealows they fhould be knowne in Confefsion, and therefore would fuffer none to hear Nuns Confef- fions, but fuch as were his moft intimate friends, and of whom he had great {atisfaction, alleadging this reafon that [uch as heard Nuns Confefcions ought tobe very skilfull and experienced in {uch waies,and men of ages for that orea- ter cafes of Conference were to be met with in Nuns Confefsions, than in others. By which reafon he unwifely brought an afperfion upon thofe Virgins, who fhould live chaftly and holily as feparated from the world and inclofed, and yet it {ems by this Bifhops opinion, that withintheir inclofed walls fins are committed more grievous then abroad inthe wide world, and uch as way puxzlea Ghoftly Fa- ther if’ not skillful and ancient’) and that he may and doe ab{olve all perfons which fhall confeffe with him ( #f oely God can pardon and abfolve from finne, Oh how is Gods power arrogated and taken , yeaand abufed by thofe facrilegious Priefis ! ) from all their fins, crimes, and exceffes , excepting fuch cafes as are referved to his Holinefle, andtousby Canon right. (4 wickedrule and Ca- non, aGovernment certainly moft cruell and tyrannical, that bindes poor wret- chesin fome cafes to goe from Americato Rome,st leaft eight thoufand miles te cleave their Confciences before the Pope, or elfe they muft die without pardon and abfolution from finne, many having not meanes to goe thither, nor gifts to beftow upontheir Pope, who muft be bribed to abfolve them. 0 how more 'fmeet, comp or- A New Suraey of the Welt-Indies. " comfortable and {afe is it for 4 heinous finner and offendduy even at home or in the Church grievous within his heart, and keeping within himfelfe , to 1:ft up abroken heart , and make that pofte and flie with wings of Eagles to the hich Throne of Gods grace and mercy, with affured confidence that there anly is par- don, remifsion and abfolution granted to all (uch as doe truaely and unfeig- nedly repent of their finscrimes and exceffes! ) Dated n the City of St, Lames of Guatemala,the fourth day of December, in the yeer of out Lord 1629. The Bifhop of | | By the Command of my moft Guatemala ‘ Iluftrious Lerd,Peter Ramirez de Valdes. Secretary. Thus with full and ample Commiffion from the Bifhop and the Provincial was I fet- led in Gastemala, to read and preach, where, ( although I might have continued many yeers and wasofferedtoread Divinity, having.in part begun itone quarter ofa yeere ) i continued yet but three yeers and almoft an halfe for the reafon I {hall thew hereatrer. So what in that time I could obferve of that City, and of the Countrey round a- bout, having had occafions to travaile about it both when 1 lived in Gwatenala, and afterwards when I lived for above feven yeersin the Countrey Townes, I thall traly and faithfully recommend unto my Reader.This City of Guatemala ( called: by che Spaniards, Santiago, or St. Fames of Guatemala is feated inavalley,which isnot above two miles and a halfe broad for che high mountaines doe keep it clofe insbut in length towards the South-fea it continues a wide and champaigne Countrey, opening it felfe broader alittle beyond that Towne, ‘which to this day is called laCindad Vieja,or the old City, ftanding fomewhat above three miles from Guatemala. Though the moun- taines on each fide doe ftrongly environ it, and efpecially on the Ealtefide feemto hang over it, yet none of themare hinderers to Travellers, who over them have opened waies eafie for man and beafts though heavily laden with wares of all forts. The way from Adexico, if taken by che coalt of Soconuzco , and Suchwtepeques comes into the City Norch-weft-ward, which isa wide, openandfandy rode; if ic be taken by Chiapay it lieth North-eatt, andentreth into the City between the mountaines, as beforehath beennoted. Weft-ward tothe South-feathe way lieth open through the valley anda champaigne Countrey... But South or South-Eaft, the entrance is over high and fteepy hils, whichis the common Rode from Comayagua, Nicaragua, and the Golfo dulee or tweetGulfe, where the fhips come yeerly and unlade ail che Commodities which are brought from Spainefor Guatemala, Thisalfo isthe way followedby them who take a journey meer Baft-ward from this City.But the chiefeft mountaines,which firaightenin this City and valley aréetwo, called Vulcanes, the onebeing a Vulcan of water, and the other a Vulcanor mountain of fire,termed fo by the Spaniards,,though very improperly a Vulcan may be faid'tocontaine water, it taking its name from the heathenifh God Vulcan, whofe profeffion and imployment chiefly was in fire. Thefe two famous mountains ftand almoft the one over againit the other, oneach fideof the valley; that of water hanging on the South-fide almoft perpendicularly over the City, the other of fire tanding lowerfromit, more oppofite to the old City.T hat of water is higher then the other,and yeelds a goodly profpe& to the fight,being almott all the yeer green, andfull of Jadian Milpa’s, which are plantations of Indian wheat, and in’ the {mall and petty Townes which lie fome halfe way up it,fome at the foot of it,there - areRofes, Lillies, andother flowers all the yeer long in the gardens, belides Plan- tins, Apricockes, and many forts of weet and delicate fruits.It is called by the Spazi-. ards, el Velean del agua, ov the Vulcan of water, becaufe on the ether fide of it from - Guatemala it fprings with many bruokes towards a Towne called Saint Chriftopher , and e(pecially.is thought to preferve and nourifh on that fide alfo a great lake of frefh water, by the Townes called Amatitlanand Petap2. Bat onthe fide of it towards Guatemala and the valley it yeelds alfo fo many {prings of {weet and firefh water,as have caufed and made a river which ranneth along the valley clofe by the City, andis that which drives" the water-mills fpoken of before in Xecotenango. This river wasnot known when firit the Spaniards conqazed that Country; but fince, according to their conftant Traditi- M 2 5 On; ~ A New Survey of the VVekt-Indies. on the City of Guatemala ftanding higher and neerer to the Vulean in chat place and Town which to this day is called Ja Ciudad Vieja,or the old City,there lived in it then about the yeer 1534. aGentlewoman called Donna Maria de Caftilia, who having left her husband in the warres, and chat fame yeer buried alfo all her children, grew fo im- patient under thele her croffes and affli&tions, that impioufly the defied God,faying, What can God do more unto me now then he hath done?he hath done his work with- out itbeto take away my life alfo, which I now regard not. Upon thefe words there guthed out of this Vulcan fuch a flood of water as carried away this woman with the ftreame, rained many of the houles, and caufed the inhabitants to remove tothe place where now ftandeth Guatemala. This is the Spaniards own Tradition, which if true, fhould be our example to learne to feare and not to defie God, when his judgements thew hin tous angry and a God that will overcome, when he judgeth.From that time, and from this their Tradition is the Towne now ftanding where firft {tood Guatemala, called la Cindad Vieja, or the old City, and hath continued a river which before was not knowne, having its head and {pring from this high Vulcan, whofe pleafant {prings, gardens, fruits, flowers and every green and flourifhing profpe& might bea fair object toa Martials wit, who here would tancie anew Parsaffus, find out new fteps of flying Pegafus, and greet the Nymphes and nine Sifters with this their never yet difcovered and American habitation. This Vulcan or mountaine is not fo pleafing to the fight ( whofe height is judged full nine miles unto the top ) butthe other which ftandeth on the other fide of the valley oppofite unto it,is unpleafing and more dreadfull to behold, for hereare afhes for beauty,ftones and flints for fruits and flowers, baldnefle for green- neffe,barrenneffe for fruittul nefle, for water whifperings and fountaine murmurs, noife of thunders and roaring of confuming metals,for running ftreams,flafhings of fire,for . tall and mighty trees and Cedars,Caftles of {moak rifing in height to out-dare the skie and firmament, for {weet and odoriferous and fragrant fmels,a ftink of fire and brim- ftone, which are ftil in aGion ftriving within the bowels of that ever burning and fiery Vulcan. Thus is Guatemala feated in the midft of a Paradife on the one fide anda hell on the other, yet never hath this hell broke fo loofe asto confume that flourithing City, True it is formerly many yeers agoe it opened a wide mouth on the top, and breathed out fuch fiery afhes as filled the houfes of Guatemalaand the Country about, and pare ched all the plants and fruits, and fpued out fuch ftones and rockes which had they fallen uponthe City would have crufheditto pieces, but they fell not farre from it,but to thisday lie about the bottome and fides of it,caufing wonder te thofe that behold them,and taking away admiration from them that admire the force and ftrength of fire and powder in carrying on a weighty bullet from the mouth of a cannon,whereas here the fire of this mountaine hath caft upinto the aire and tumbled downe to the bottom of it fuch rockesas in bignefle exceed a reafonable houfe, and which not the ftrength of any twenty Mules (as hath been tried ) have been ableto remove. The fire which flafh- cth outof the top of this mountain is fometimes more and fometimes lefle, yet while I lived in the City, ona certainetime for thefpace of three or foure dayes and nights it did fv burne that my friend Mr. Cabannas confidently avouched to mee and others, that ftanding onenight in his window he had wich the light of that fire read a letter, the diftance being above three Exglifb miles. The roaring alfo of this monftrous beaft is not conftantly alike, but is greater in the fummertime then in the winter, thae is,from OGober to the end of April, then all the reft of the yeer; for then it feems,the winds entring into thofeconcavities fet the fire on work harder then at other times,and caufe the mountaine to roare and the earth about to quake, There was atime three yeers before my comming to that City, when the inhabitants expe&ed nothing but utter ruine and deftru&ion, and durft noc abide within their houfes for nine dayes( the earth- quakes continuing and increafing more and more)but made bowers and arbours in the Market place,placing there their Idoll Saints and Images,efpecially St.Scba(tien,whom they hoped would deliver them from that judgement, and for this purpofe they dayly carried him through the ftreets in folemn and idolatrous proceffion and adoration.But all the while I lived therethe noife within themountaine, the fmoake and flafhes of fre without, andtheSummer earth-quakes werefuch that with the ufe and cuftome of them I never feared any thing,but thought that City the healthie(t and pleafantet place of dwelling thatever I came into in all my travels, The climate is very temperate, farre exceeding either Afexzco or Guwaxaca, Neither are the two fore-named Cities oe | ored - A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. ius 125. ftored with fruits, herbes for falets, provifion of fithgand fleth, Beef, Muiton, Veale,Kid; Fowles; Vurkies,Rabbets, Quailes, Parcridges , Pheafants , and of Indisn and S pani( Wheat, then is thisCicy : trom the Souch Sea ( which lyeth in fome places not above twelve leagues from it} and from the Rivers of the South Sea Coaft, and from the freth Lake of Amatitlan and Petapa,and from another Lake lying three or foure leagues from Chimaltenango, it is well and plentifully provided for of fifi. But for Beefthereis fuch plenty, thatit exceedsail parts of America,without exception, asmay be known by the Hydes, which arefent yeerly to Spain fromthe country of Guatemala, where they commonly kill their Cattell, more for the gaine of their Hydes in Spain, then for che goodnefleor fatnefle of thefleth, which though it bee notto bee compared to our Exglife Beef, yet it is 00d mans meat, and fo cheap, that in my time it was commonly told at thirteene pound and a halfe for halfa Riall, the leaft coyne there, and as muchasthree pence here. Though all about this Country there are very great and fpatious Eftancia’s, or Farmes for breeding onely, even neer to the Golfo Dulee's where the (hips ride that come from Spain, yet from Comayagua, St, Salvador and Ni- caraguay is Guatemala ftored;, But above allare the great Eftancia’s in the South Sea. Coatt or Marfh, whereinmy timethere was a Grazier that reckoned up going in his owne Ettancia and ground, fortythoufand heads of Beafts, {mall and great, befides many which are called thereSimarrones, or wild Cattell;which were ftrayed among the W oodsand Mountaines, and could not bee gathered in with the reft, but were hunted by the Blackmores like wild Boxes, and daily fhottodeath, leat they fhould too much increafeand doéhurt. My felfe chanced to bee prefent at the Fair of the, Town of Petapé , witha frierid named Lope deChaves, (who was as they call there, Obligado, or chargedto provide flefh for fix or feven Townes thereabouts ) who at. one bargain, and of one man, bought fix thoufand head of Cattell; great and {mall, paying one with another eighteen Rials,or nine Englifh fhillingsa head. The mannerand cuftome of Guatemala for the better providing both Beef and Mutton for it, andthe Country Townes about, isthis. Nine daies betore Michaelmas, every. day Proclamation is made aboutthe City for an Obligado, or one that will bee. bound to the City and Country forcompetent provifion of Flefh meat upon forfei- ture of fuch a fumme of money to his Majefty , if heefaile, as fhall beeagreed up-. . on between him and the Court, and tothe Inhabitants of the City; if hee fail in beefs. heeis to allow in Mutton fo many pounds atthe fame rate as hee fhould have allow- ed beef. If the Obligado faile in Mutton, : hee is to allow in Fowle fiefh, fomany poundsand atthe fame rateas hee was to allow the Mutton; and this with con- fideration of the family, what competent allowance of flefh meat fhall bee judged fora day, orthedayes that the Obligado hall fail. Befides this'the Proclamation is made tor whom offers moft to his Majelty for one yeers Obligation.So that fometimes ithap-= peneth that thecight daies feverall men comeinto the Court,offering more and more; till upon the ninthday and laft Proclamation , the Office is fetled :for one yeere upon him that hath offered moft unto his Majefty. Thusniany Butchers are not allowed but one onely Obligado,who alforis abridged to {6 many pound for fo much mony, fo; thatif any other befides him offer to kill or fell, he may follow an ation and the Court. againithim: Thus the Obligado(who comnionly isa monied man.) buyeth by the hundced or by the thoufand, as for the prefent hee findeth the-expence of the City,. wichcut hee bee himfelf fuch'a Grazier, a3 hath Cattell enough of hisowne, Though Mutton bee not fo plentifull as is Beef,-yet there never wants from the Valley of A4zx- co, Pinola, Petapa,and Amatitlan,and the A4arfb and other places. Inthe Valley fore-. named I lived, and was wellacquainted with one Alenfo Capaia, who had conftantly going in the Valley four thoufand fheep. Guatemala therefore is fo well ftored with. good provifion, plenaifull and h eap, thaticis hard to finde in it a beggers for with- halfea Riall the pooreft may buy beef fora weeke, and with a few Cacao’s they may. have bread of Indian Maiz, if notof Spanifb Wheat. This City may confit of about | five thoufand families, befides a Suburb of Endians called el Barrio de Sto. Domingo, where may bee two hundred families niore. The belt part of the City .is that which joyneth to this Suburb of Indians, and iscalled alfo el Barrio Santo de Domingo,by rea~: fon of the Cloitter of Saint Dominick which ftandethin it. Here are the richeft and. belt (hops o:the City, wich thebeftbuildings, moft of the houfes being new, and, ately. Here isalfoa dayly Tianguez’ (as they sall it) or petty Market, where fom, , M 3 a Indians A New Survey of. the VVelt-Indies. Bee er ee ae yas ENR TFS F Ora HALES FERIA Pah “pa - i Indians allcheday it felling fraits, Heibs,and Cacao, but at the foure in the after- noone, this Market is Glied fora matter of an houre, wherethe Indean women meet to (which is dainties to the Criolians) as Atolle, Pinole, fcalded fell cheir Country flap, Plantins, batter of the Cacao, puddings made of Indian Maiz, witha bit of Fowle or fre(h Porke inthem feafoncd with much red biting Chile, which they call Anaca- tamales. Thetradingof the City is great, forby Mules it partakes of the belt cammo- ditics of Adexico,Guaxaca and Chiapa, and Sonthward of Nicaragua,andCoftarica. By ‘Seait hathcommerce with Pera, by two Sea Portsand Havens, the one called le Villa dela Trinidad, the Village ofthe Trinity, which lyeth Southward from it five and d by another called et Realejo,which lyeth five or fix and forty leagues fromit. It hatherafiigue with Spain by the North Sea from Golfo dulce, lying three- {core leagues from it. Itisnotforich as other Cities, yetforthe quantity of it,: it yeelds to none. There were in my time five (befides many other Merchants who were _ judged worth tweaty thoufand Duckats, thirty thoufand, fifty thoufand, fome few a hundred thoufand) who were judged of equall wealth, and generally reported to bee worth each of them five hundred thoufand Duckats; the firlt was T bomas de Silie- zer, abifcain born, and Alcalde de Corte, the Kings High Juftice, or chief Officer at Court; the fecond was Antonio luftiniano, a Genovors born, and onethat bore often Offices in the City, and had many Tenementsand houfes, efpecially agreat andrich Farme for corn and Wheatin the Vallev of Mexico. Thethird was Pedro de Lira,born in Caftilia, the fourth and fifth, Antonio Fernandez, and Bartolome Nunnex,, both Portin- gals, whereot. the firft in my time departed from Guatemala for fome reafons which here Tmuftconceale. The other foure Lleft there, the three of them living'at that end ofthe City called Barriode Santo Domingo, or the {treet of St. Dominick , whofe houfes ard prefence makesthat {treet excell all the reft of the City, and their wealth and trading weré enough to denominate Guatemala avery rich City. The Govern- ment ofallihe Country about, and ofa'l Hondura,Seconufco., Comayagua, Nicaragua, Cofta Rica, Vera Paz, Guchutepeques, and Chiapa, is {ubordinate unto the Chancery ot Cuatemala; for although every Governour over thefe fevera]? Provinces is ap- pointed by the King and Councell of Spain, yet when they come to thofe parts to. the enjoyment of their charge and execution office then their ations, if unjut, are weighed, judged, cenfured, and condemned by the Court refiding in the City. This Court of Chancery confifteth of a Prefident, fix Judges, one Kings Attourney, andtwo chief Jauftices of Court. The Prefident, though hee have not the name and titleof Viceroy, as they of Adexico and Perw, yet his power is asgreat and abfolute as theirs: His Penfiontromthe King is but twelve thoufands Duckats a yeers but befidesthis, if hebe covetous, hee makes by bribes and trading twice as much more, nay what {hee liftzas was feen intheCount de li Gomera, Prefident of that City and Chancery for the {pace of fourteen yecrs, who departed in old age from Guatemala to Canaria (where was his houfe and place of birth) worth Millions of Dackats. Alter him {ucceeded. Doz Fuan deGuzman, formerly Prefident of Sazto Domingo,who lofing his Wife and Lady in the way,|oft alfo his former {pirit and cou- rage,betaking kimfelfe whollyto his devotions, contemning wealth and riches, g6- verning with love and mildnefle, which made the reft of the Judges,who were all for lucre, foone weary him out of his office, continuing in it but five yeers. His fuccef- for (whom left there when] came away) was Don Gonfalode Paz, y Lorencana, who was promoted from the Prefidency of Pamama to that place, and came into it with fuch a fpirit of covetoufnefleas the like had notbeen fen in any former Prefidenr, ivate houfes inthe City,which there ismuch nfed(though Hee forbad all gaming in pri by women not fo much asin 44Zexice) not for that hee hated it, but becaufe hee en= vied others, what chey gotand gained by their Cards, drawing to himfelfe thereby all that gaine, {pending fometimes in one night foure and twenty paire of Cards, ap- pointing’a Page to affilt at the Tables, and to fee the box well paid for every paire of Cards, which for his, and his Court refpe&, was feldome lefle then acrownor two dhee lick up with his Cards moft of the gamelters gaines, and ch fuch rich men whom hee knew to affeé&t ga- night time for that bewitching Recrea- twenty leagues,an for every paire. Thus di would grudge and pick quarrels w: ming, if they frequented not his Court at tion. The Penfion which the King alloweth to every Judge of Chancery is foure thoufand Duckats ~ ; A New Survey of the Weft-Indies. 7 bail duckats yeerly,and three thoufand to his Attorney,all which is paid out of the Kings Exchequér abidinginthatCiry. Yet what befides they getby bribes, and trading is, fo much, that I have heard a Judge himtelfe Don Luis de las Infanta fay,that though a Judges place at 4Zexicoand Lims be more honourable, yet none more profitable then Guatemala. In my time were fuch caufes.at Chancery tried, as had never been,of mur- thers, robberies,and oppreflions, and whereas it was expected the offendants tome thould be hanged, fome banithed, fomeimprifoned,fome by fines impoverithed, bribes took all off,fo that { never knew one hanged in that City for the {pace of above eight yeers. [he Churches though they be not fo fair and richas thofe of AZ. xicosyet they are for that place wealthy enough. There is but one ParifhCharch and a Cathedrall which ftandeth in the chiefe Market-place. All the ocher Churches belong to Cloifterss which are of Dominicans, Francifcans, Mercenarians, Auguftines, and Jefuites, andtwo of Nuns, called che Conception and St. Catharine. The Dominicans,Francifcans,jand _ Mercenarians are {tately Cloifters,containing neer a hundred Friers a piece; but above all isthe Cloifter where I lived,of the Dominicans,to which is joyned ina great Walk before the Church the Univerfitte of the City. The yeerly revenues which come into this Cloifter, what from the Indian Townsbelonging to it, what from a water-mill, what froma farmeforcorne, whatfromanEftancia, or farme for Horfes and Mules, what from an Ingenio, orfarmeof Sugar,what from a Mine of filver given unto it the yeer 1633. are judged to be( excepting all charges) at leaft thirty thoufand duckats, wherewith thofetatFriers feait themfelves, and havetofpare to build, and enrich their Chorch and Alcars, Befides much treafure belonging toit, there are two things in it, which the Spaniards in merriment would often tell me that the Engii(> nation did much inquire after, when they tooke any {hip of theirs at fea, and that they feared © I was cometo fpiethem, which were a Lampe of filver hanging before the high Al- tar, fo big as required th firength of three men to hale it up with arope; but the o- ther is of more value; which isa pi&ure of the Virgin AZay of pure filver, and of the ftature of areafonable tall woman, which ftandeth in a Tabernacle made on pur~ pofe ina Chappel of the Rofary with atleafta dozen lampes of-filver alfo burning be- foreit. -Ahundred thoufand duckats might foone bemade up of the treafare belon- ging to that Church andcloifter. Within the walls of the Cloifter there is nothing wanting which may furcher pleafure and recreation. .. In the lower Cloifter there is a {patious garden, in the midit whereof is afountaine caftingupthe water, and fpou- ting itoutof atleaftadozen pipes, which fill two ponds full of fithes, and with this their conftant running give muficke to the whole Cloifter, and encouragement to ma- ny water-fowles and Ducks to bath and wah chemfelves therein. Yet further within the Cloifter , there areother two gardens for fruits and herbage, and in the one a pond of aquarter of a mile long,all paved at the bottom,and a low ftoné wall about, where is a boat for the Friers recreation, who often goethither to fith, and doe fometimes upon a fuddaine want or occafion take out from.thence as much fith as will give tothe wholeCloifteradinner. The other Gloifters of the City arealfo rich; but next to the Dominicans is the Cloifter of Nuns, calledtheConception,in which at my time there were judged to live athoufand women, notall Nuns, butNung,and their fer- ving maids or {laves, and yong children which were brought up and taughtto worke by the Nuns. The Nuns that are profefled bring wich them their portions, five hundred duckats thelealt,fome fix hundred,fomefeven, andfome athoufand, which portions after a few yeers( and continuing to the Cloifter after the Nuns deeeafe come to make up agreatyeerly rent.. They that will have maids within to wait on them may , brin- ging the bigger portion, or allowing yeerly fortheir fervants dict, In this Cloifter li- ved that Deana Fuanade Maldonado Judge Juan Maldonado de Paz, his daughter,whom the Bifhop fo much converfed withall. She was very fair and beautifull,and not touch above twenty yeers of age, and yet hisloveblinding him, he ftrove what he could in my time againtt all the ancient Nuns and Sifters,to make her Sapsriour and Abbeffe, — and caufed iuch a mutiny and ftrifein that Cloifter, which was very {candalotus to the whole City, and made many rich Merchants and Gentlemenrun to the Cloifter with their {words drawne,threatning to breake in amongtt the Nuns todefend their dangh= ters againit che powerfull faction which the Bifhophad wrouglit for’ Donnz Yuana de Maldonado: whichthey had performed if the Prefident Dow Faas de Guzman had notfent Juan Maldonado de Paz,the yong Nuns father,tointreat her to'defitt in’ regard of 128 A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. of her yong age fiom ber ambitious thouglits of being Abbeffe. With this the mutiny both within and without ceafed,the Bithop got but fhame,and his yong Sifter continu: ed as before under command and obedience, to a more religious, grave, and aged Nun then her felfe. This Donna Juana de Maldonado Jy Pax was the wonder of all that Cloilter,yca of all the City tor herexcellent voice, andskill inmuticke, and incarri« age, and education yeelded to none abroad nor within ; fhe was witty, well {poken and abovealla Calliopes or Mute for ingenious and fiddain verfes 3; Which the Bifko faid, fomuch moved him to delight in hercompany and converlation. Her father thought nothing too good, nor too much for her ; and theretore having no other children, hedaily conferred upon her riches, as might belt befeem a N un,asrich and coltly Cabinets faced with gold and filver, pifturesand Edols for her chamber with crownes and jewels to adorne them ; which with other prefents from the Bifhop ( who dying in my time left not wherewith to pay his debts; for chat as the report went, he had ipent himfelfe and given all unto. this Nun) madethis Donzz Juana de Maldonam do forich and ftately, that ather owne charges fhee built for herfelfe a new Quarter within the Cloifter with roomes and galleries, anda private gardenewalke » and Kepc at worke and to wait on her halfea dozen Black: moremaids ; but above all tte placed her delight in a private Chappel or Clofet to pray in, being hung with rich hangings, and round aboutit coitly lamina’s( as they call chem ) or pictures painted upon brafle fet in blacke Ebony frames with corners of gold, fome of filver breught to her Kome; her Altar was accordingly decked with Jewels, Candletticks, Crownes,Lamps, and covered witha Canopie embroidered with gold; inher Clofet thehad her {mali organ, and many forts of muficall inftrumenis, whereupon the played fometimes b y herfelte, fometimes with her belt friends of the Nuns; and here efpecially fhe enter- tained with muficke her beloved the Bifhop. Her Chappel or place of devotion was credibly reporced about the City to be worth at lealt fx thoufand, which was enough for a Nun that had vowed chaftity, poverty, and obedience. Butall this after her de- ceafe fhe was to leaye tothe Cloifter,and doubtleffe with this State,and riches the would win more and more the heartsof the common fort of Nuns,till fhe had madea ftrong party, which by this may have made her Abbeffe. Thus is ambition and defire of com-. mand and power crept into the wallsof N unneries,like the abominations in the wall of Ezekiel, and hath pofleffed the heartsof N uns, which fhould be humble, poore, and mortified Virgins. But befides this one Nun, there are matly more, and alfo Friers, who are very rich, for if the City berich( as.is this) and great trading in it, they willbe fure to have a fhare. Great plenty and wealth hath made the inhabitants as proud and vicious,as are thofeof Adexko. Hereis not onely Idolatry zbut Fornication and uncleannefle as publike as in any place of the India's: The Mulaita’s, Black-mores, Meftica’s , Indi- ams, andall common fort of people aremuch made on by the greater and richer fort and goc as gallantly apparrelled as doe thofe of Adexicos fearing neither a Vulcan or mountaine of water on the one fide,which they confefle hath once powred out a flood and river executing Gods wrath againit fin there committed; neithera a Vulcap Of fire, or mouth of hellon the other fidesroaring within and threatning to raine upon them Sodows ruine and deftruétion, neither the weaknefs of their habitation;lying wide cpen onevery fide, without walls, or workes > orbulwarkes, to defend them,or without guns, drakes, bullets,or any Ammunition to-{care away an approaching enemy,who may fafcly come and without. refiflance upon them who live as profefled enemies of JefusChrilt. Thisisthe City of St. Fames or Santiago de Guatemala, the head of a valte and. ample Dominion, which extendeth it felfe nine hundred miles to Nicoya and Cofia Rica Southeward;three hundred miles to Chiapa and Zoques North-ward; a hundred and fourefcore miles to the further parts of Vera Paz 5 and the Golfo dulce Ealt-ward ; and tothe South-fea twenty orthirty, infome places fourty miles Wett- ward, From J ecoantepeque( which is no harbour for any great fhips ) which ftandeth from Guatemalaat leatt foure hundred miles, there is landing place for ‘fhips neerer to this City then is thevillage de /a trinidad, or of the Trinity, The chiefe commodities which from along thatcoatt are brought to Gwaremala,are from the Provinces of Socoe muzco and Suchutepeques, whichare cxtreame hot, and fubje&tothunder and light- ning, where groweth'{caiceany remarkeable commodity, fave only Cacao, Achistte, Méecafucbil, fron. es aE fy ¥ ANew Survey of the Welt-Indies. Mechafuc);), Bainillas and other drugs for Chocolatte, except itbe fome Jndige and Cochinil about Sz. Antonio,which is the chiefe and head Town of all the Suchutepegnes, But all the coatt neer joyning to Guatemala,efpecialliy about a Towne called Izquinta, ot Izquintepeque twelve leagues trom Guatemala, is abfolutely the richeft pare of the Dominion of this City ; tor there is made the greateft part of the /edigo which is ferte from Honduras to Spaine, befides the mighty farmes of Cattel which are allalong that mar(h. Though the living there be profitable and the foile tich, yet itis uncomfortable by reafon of the great heat, thundcings and lightnings, ef| pecially from Aday to Mis chaelma. i Guatemalabe {trong ( though not in weapons or Ammunition ) in peo- - ple, itis trong from hence from a defperate fort of ‘Black-moress whoare {laves in chofe - Effancia’s and farms of Indigo. Though they haveno weapons but a Machette,which is a fhort Tuck, or lancesto run at the wild Cattel, yet with thelethey are fo defperate, that the City of Guatemala hath often been afraid of them, and the Matters of their owne flavesand fervants. Some of themfeare not to encounter a Bull though wild and mad,and to graple in the rivers ( which are many there ) with Crocodiles, or Lagarto’s, as therethey call them, tillthey have overmaftered chem,and brought them out to land from the water. Pao f° This hot, but rich Country runnes on by the Sea fideunto the Village ofthe Trinity, which (though fomewhat dangerous ) yetis a haven for fhips from Panama, Peru, and Adexico; It fervestoenrich Adexico, but not to ftrengthen it, for ic hath neither Fort,nor Bulwarke, nor Caftle,nor any Ammunition to defend it felfe. Between this Village and the other Haven called Realejo, there is a great Creek from the Seas where (mall veflels doe ufeto come in for frefh waterand Viualsto St. Afiguela Towne of Spaniardsand Indians, from whence thofe that travaile to Reulejo paffe over in leffe then aday to a Town of Indianscalled LaVieja, two miles from Real.jo, whither the journey by Jand from St. Adignelis of at leaft three daies. But neither this Creeke or Arme of the Sea is fortified(which mightbe done wich one or two peeces of Ordnance at moft placed at the mouth of the feas entrance ) neither isthe Realejo {trong with a- ny Ammunition, no nor with people, for itconfilts not of above two hundred fami- lies, and moft of them are Indiavs aud Mdeffico’s, a people of nocourage,and very un- ~ fit to defend (uch an open paflage to Guatemala and Nicaragua, which here begins and continues in {mall and petty Indian Townes unto Leon and Granada. Onthe North fide of Guatemala] (hall not need to addeto what hath been faid of Suchutepeques and Soconnxco,and my journy that way from Afexico and Chiapa. The chiefe fide of Guatemalzis that on the Eaft, which points out the way tothe Golfe, or Golfo dolce or as others call it St. Thomas de Gaftilia. This way is more beaten by Mules and Travellers, then that on the North fide, for that AZexice ftandeth three hundred leagues from this City, andthe Golfe but threefcore, and no fuch paffages as are int fome places in the Rodeto Afexico, Befides the great trading, commerce, and traf= fique, which this City injoyeth by that Golfe from Spaine, hath made that rode exceed allthe ret, In Jesly or atfurthetinthe beginning of Axguft come into that Golfe three fhips,or two,and frigate,and.anlade what they have brouglit from Spain in Bode- ga’s or great Lodges,built on purpofe to keep dry and from the weather the commodi- ties, They prefently make haft to lade againe from Guatemala thofe Merchants commo- dities of returne, which peradventure havelien waiting for them in the Bodega’s two orthree moneths before the (hips arrivall. So chat thefe three moneths of 7uly, Auguft and September, there is {ure to be found a great treafure. And O the fimplicity or fecurity of the Spaniards, who appoint no other watch over thefe their riches, fave only one or two Indians and as many Mulatto’s 5 who commonly arefuch ds have for their mifdeamours been condemned to livein that old and ruinated Caftle of 8, T bomas de Caftilia\ True it is,above ic there isa little and ragged Town of Indiaas,called S.Pe- dre,confitting of fome thirty families, who by reafon of the exceeding heat, andurt- healthineffe of the air, are alwaies fickly and fcarce able to ftand upon their legs. But the weakenefle of this Golfe within might-well bee remedied and fupplyed at the mouth of the fea, or entrance into it by one or two at the moft good peeces of pe nance placedthere. For the entrance into this Golfeis but as one fhould Come if at the doore of fome great Palace, where although the dore and entrance be narrow, the houle within is wideandcapacious. Such is thisGolfe, whofe entrance is ftraitned with two rocks or mountaines on each fide ( which would well become two great Pee+ ces, A New Sarwey of the Welt-Indies, ces, and fo {cornea whole flezt, and fecurea Kingdome ot Guatemala, nay mott of all America.) bat here being nowatch nor defence,the thips come freely and {afely in ( as have done fc me both Englifh and Holland thips ) and being entred find arode andhar= bour {o wide and capacious as may well fecure a thoufand thips there riding at anchor, without any thought of feare from St, Pedro,or Santo Thomas de Caftilia, 1 have of ten heardthe Spauiardsjear and laugh at the Englifo and ollanders, for that they ha- ving come into this Golfe,. have gone away without attempting any thing further ap- onth¢eland. Nay while I lived there, the Hodanders fet apon T ruxillo the head Port of Comayagua and Hendra, and tooke it ( though there werefome refiftance ) the people tor the tnolt part flying to the woods, trulting more to their feet then to their hands and weapons ) {ach cowards is all chat Countrey full of ) and whilft they might have fortified themfelves there and gone into the Countrey,or fortifying that have come on to theGolfe( all Guatemala fearing it much and not being able to refift them) they left Truxillo contentingthemfelves with a {mall pillage, and gave occafion to the Spa- niards to rejoyce and to make proceflions of thank{giving for their fafe deliverance out of their enemies hands. sii The way from this Golfeto Guatema/ais not fo bad as fome report and conceive, e+ {pecially atter Adichaelmas untill AZay, when the winter and rain is paitand gone, and the winds begin todryup the waies.. For in the wortt of the yeer Mules laden with four hundred waightatlealt goe ealily thorow the fteepeft,deepeft,and mot dangerous paffages of the mountaines that lie about this Golfe. And though the waies are at that time of the yeer bad, yer they are fo beaten with the Mules,and fo wide and open, that onebad flepand paffige may be avoided for a better; and the wort of this way continues but fifteen leagues, there being Rancho’s, or Lodgesin the way, Cattel and Malesalfo among the woods.and:mountaines, for reliefe and comfort to a weary Tras veller... What the Spaniards moftfeare untill they come out of thefe mountaises, are fome two Or three hundred Blacksmores,Simarrones,who for too much hard ufage have fled away from Guatemala and other parts from their Mafters unto thefe woods > and there live and bring up their children and encrea(e daily, fothat all the power of Gua- temala, nay all the Countrey about ( havingioften attempted it) is not ableto bring them under fubje@ion.Thele often come out to the rode way,and fet upon the Requa’s of Mules, and take ot Wine, Iron, clothing and weapons from them as much ag they need, without doing any harme untothe people, or flaves that goe with the Mates 3. but rather thefe rejoyce with them,being of onecolour,and fubje& to flavery and mifiry which. che others have thakenoff; by whofe example and encouragement many of the(e allo fhake off their mifery,and joyne with them to enjoy libertie,though it be but in the woodsand mountains, Their weapons are bowes and arrows which they ufe and carry about chem, onely to defend themfelves, if the Spaniards {et upon themselfe they ufe them not againtt the Spaniards ,who travell quietly and give them patt.of what provifion they carry. Thefe have often faid that the chiefe cauie of their flying to thofe mountaines is tobe in a readineffeto joyne with the Englifh or Hollane ders, if ever they land in that Golfe; for they know, from them they ma injoy that liberty which che Spaniards will never grantuntothem. After the firft fif« teen leagues the way is better, and therearelittle Towns and villages of Indians, who relieve with previfion both man and beaft,. Fifteen leagues further is a great Town of Indians,called Acabafilan, ttanding upon ariver, which for fith is held the beft all that Country. Though here aremany forts,yet above all there is one which they call Bo- bo, a thick round fifbas long érlonger then amans arme, with onely a middle bone, as white as milke,at fat asbutter,and good to boil, fry, ftew or bake. There is alfo from hence mott of the way t0 Gustemalein brooks and thallow rivers, one of the beft fore of fithes in the world which the Spaniards judge to bea kind of Trout, itis calledthere Tepemechin, the fat whereof refembles veal more than {ithe _ This Towne of Acaboftlan is governed bya Spaniard who is called Corrigidor; his houfe extendeth no fartherthen to the Golfe, andto thofe Townes in the way. This Governour hath often attempted to bring in chefe Simarrones from the motintaines, but could never prevaile againitthem. All the frength of this place may bee {ome twenty muskets ( for fo many Spanifb houfesthere may bee in the Towne)and fome tew Indians thatule bowes and arrowes, forthe defence of the Town againtt the Blackmore Simarrones. ! About 4 A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. About Acacabaftlan, there are many Eftancia’s of Cattell and Mules, much Cacao; cy Achiotte, and drugsfor Chocolatte; Thereisalfo Apothecary drugs, as Larzaparilla; and Canna fifiela, andinthe Town as much variety of fruitsandgardens, as in any one Indian Town inthe Country, But above all Aca cabaftian, is farre known, and much efteemed ofinthe City of Guatemala, forexcellent Muskmillians, fome {mall, fome bigger then amans head, wherewith the Indians load their mules and carry them to {ell all over the Country. From hence to Gaatemala, there are but - thirty fhort leagues, and though fome hills there be, afcents and defcent; yet nothing troublefome to man or beaft, Among thefe Mountaines there have beene difcovered fome mines of metall, which the Spaniards have begun to digge, and finding that they have been fome of Copper, and fome of iron, they have let them alone, judge- ing them more chargeable then profitable. But greater profit have the Spaniards loft, then of iron and copper, for ufing the poore Indians too hardly , andthatin this way, from Acacabaft an to Guatemala, efpecially about a placecalled, e¢ Agua Caliente the hot water, where isa River,out of which in fome places formerly the Indians found fuch ftore of gold, that they were charged by the Spaniards with a yeerly tribute of gold. But the Spaniards being like Valdivia in Chille, too greedy after it, murthering the Indians for not difcovering unto them whereabout ‘this treafure lay have loft both treafure and Indians alfo. Yet unto thisday tearch is made about the Mountaines, the River, and the fands for the hidden treafure, which peratventure by Gods order and appointment, doth and hall lie hide, and kept for a people better knowing and honouring their God. At this placecalled ef Agua Caliente, or the hot water, liveth a Blackmore in an Eftancia of his own,who is held to be very rich,and gives good enteré tainement tothe Travellers that paffe that way;heis rich in Cattell,Sheep, and Goates, and from his Farm ftores Guatemala and the people thereabout with the beft Cheefe of * 7 allthat Country. But his riches arethought not fo much to increafé from his Farm and cheefes, but fromthis hidden treafure, which credibly is reported to be known uttohim. He hath been queftioned about it inthe Chancery of Gwatemala, but hath denyed often any {uch treafure to beknown untohim. The jealoufie and fa(picion of him, is, for that formerly having been a lave, hee bought his freedome with great fummes of money, and fince hee hath been free, hath bought that farm and much Jand lying to it, and hath exceedingly increafed his ftock ; To which hee anfwereth; that when hee was young anda flave, heehad a good Matter, who let him get. for himfelf what hee could, and that hee playing the good husband, gathered as much as would buy his liberty, andat firft alittle houfe tolivein, to the which God hath fince given a blefling with a greater increafe of ftock. From this hot water three or foure leagues, there isanother River called, ‘Rio de las V aceassor the River of Cowes, where are a company of poore and country people moft of them Meftizo’s, and Mu- latto’s, who live in thatched houfes, with fome {mall {tock of Cattell, {pending their time alfo in fearching for fands of Gold, hoping that one day by their diligent fearch they and their children, and all their Country hall bee inriched, and that Rio delasVaccas, fhall parallel Pattolus, and ftirre up the wits of Poets to {peak of it as much as ever they have {poke of that. From this River is prefently difcovered the pleafanteft valley in all chat Country, (where my felfe did live at leatt five yeers called the Valley of Mixco, and Pinola, lying fix leaguesfrom Gzatemala, being fifteen miles in length, and ten or twelve in breadth; Out of the inclofures this Valley is ftored with fheep ; the ground inclofed is divided into many Farmes, where groweth better wheat then any in the Country of Mexico. From this Valley the city is well provided of wheat, and Bisket is made for the hips that come every yeere unto the Golf. It is called the Valley of A4ixeo, and Pinole trom two Townes of Indians, {0 called, ftanding oppofite the one to the other oneach fide of the Valley, Pinolz,ontheleft fide from>Rzo dela Vacca, and Adixco on the right.Here dolive many rich Farmers,but yet Country and clownifh people, who know more of breaking clods of earth , then of managing Armes offenfive or defenfive. But among them I mutt not forget one friend of mine, called Faan P alomeqne,whom I {hould have more efteemed of then I did if I could have -prevailed with himto have made him live more like a man then a beat, more like a free menthen abond flave to his gold and filver. This man had in my time three hundred lufty mules trained up inthe way of the Golf, which hee divided into fix Requa’s, or , com= A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. " companies; and for them be kept above a hundied Biack-more flaves,men, women,and children, who lived neer Adixco in feverall thatched cottages. The houfe he lived in himfelfe was buc.a poore thatched houfe wherein he tooke more delight to live then in other houfes which he had in Guatemala , forthere hee lived like a wilde Simarron among his {laves and Black-mores, whereas in the City he fhould have lived civilly ; there helived with milke, curds, and blacke, hard and mculdy bisker, and with a dry taflajo, which is dry falted beefe cut outin thinne flices, and dryed in the fun and wind, till there be little fubftance left in it,fuch as his flaves were went to cary to the Golfe for their provifion by the way, whereas if he had lived in the City, he muft have eat for hiscredit what othersof worthdideat. But the mifer knew well, which was the beft way to fave, and fo chofe a fieldfor aCity, a cottage torahoufe, company of Simarrones and Black-mores for Citizens, and yet he was thought tobe worth fix hundred thoufand duckats. He was the undoer of all others who dealed with Mules for bringing and carrying commodities to the Golfe for the Merchants, for he having lufty Mules, tufty flaves, would fet the price or rate for the hundred weight fo, as he might get, but others at that rate hiring Indians and fervants co goewith their Mules, might lofe. He wasfocruell to his Black-mores, that if any were untoward, he would torment them almoft rodeath; among{t whom he had one {lave called AZacaco( for whom I have often interceded, but to little purpofe)whom he would often hang up by the armes, and whip him till che blood ran about his back, and then his flefh being torne, mangled, and all ina goar blood, he would for laft cure powre boyling greafeuponit, he had marked him for a {lave with burning irons upon his face, hishands, hisarmes, hisback, his belly, his thighes, his legs, thatthe poor {lave was weary of life,and I thinke would two or three times have hanged him- felfe, if Thad not counfelled him to the contrary. He was fo fenfuall and carnall thathe would ufe his own flaves wives at his pleafure; nay when he met in the City a= ny of that kind handfome and to his liking, if fhe would not yeeld to hisdefire; "he would goeto her matter or miltrefle,and buy her,offering far more then fhe was worth, boafting that he would pull downe her proud and haughty lookes, with one yeers {la- very under him. Hekilled in my time two Indians in the way to theGolfe, and with his mony cameoff, as if he hadkilled butadog. He would never marry, becaufe his flaves fupplyed the bed of a wife, and none of his neighbours durft fay him nay; whereby he hafted to fill that valley wich baftards of all fortsand colours, by whom, when that rich mifer dieth,all his wealth and treafure islike to be confumed. Befides the two Townes which denominate this valley, there ftandeth at the Eatt end of it clofeby the Rio de las Vaccas an Ermitage, called Noftra Sennora del Carmel, or our Lady of Carmel, which is the Parifh Church to all thofe feverall farmes of Spae niards living in the valley; though true it is, moft conftantly they doerefort unto the Indian Townes to Maffe, andin Adixco efpecially, the Spaniards have arich fodality of our Lady ofthe Rofary, andthe B/sck-mores another. In all the valley there may be between tourty and fifty Spanz(b farmes or houfes belonging tothe Ermitage, and in all thefe houfes, fome three hundred flaves, men and women, Black-mores and Mu- lato’ s. Adixcois a town of three hundred families,but in it nothing confiderable,but the riches belonging unto the two forenamed Sodalities,and fome rich Indians,who have learned of the Spaniards to break clods of earth,and to fow wheat, and to trafique with Mules unto the Golfe. Befides what fowles and great {tore of Turkeys which in this Towne are bred, thereisa conftant {laughter houfe, where meat is foldto the Indians within, and to the farmcs without, and provifion is made for all the Requa’s and {laves that go tothe Golfe with their mafters Mules. Befides the fix Requa’s before na= med of Fuau Palomeque, there are inthisvalley four brothers, named Don Gafpar, Don Diego, Don Thomas, Don fuan de Colindres, who haveeach of thema Requa of threefcore Mules ( though few flaves, and onely hired Indians to goe with them ) to traffique to the Golfe, and over all the Country as far as Adexicofometimes.. Yet be= fidesthefe there are fome {ix more Requa’s belonging toother farms,which with thofe of the Towne of A¢ixcomay makeup full twenty Requa’s; and thofetwenty Requa’s containe above athoufand Mules, whichonly from this valley are imployed to all. parts of the Country by therich Merchants of Guatemala. Butto returne againe to the Towneof CMixco, theconftant paflage thorow it of thefe Requa’s, of *rich Mer- chants, of all paflengers that goe and come from Spain,bath made it very rich; where- as ' ANew Survey of the Welt-Indies. as inthe Town it felf here is no other commodity,except it bea kind of earth, where- of are made rare and excellent pots for water, pans, pipkins, platters, difhes, cha. fing-dithes,. warming-pans, wh-rein thofe Indians thew much wit, and paint them with red, white, and feverall mingled colours, and fell them to Guatemala, and the Towns about,which fome Criolian women will eat by full mouth fulls,endangering their health and lives, fo that by thisearthly ware they may looke white and pale, The Towne of Pinola in bigneffe is much like unto Mixco, but a far pleafanter Town, more healthy and better feated, ftanding upon aplain, whereas A¢Zixco ftands onthe fideona hill, which carrieth the Travellers quite out of the fight of the valley. In Pi- nola there i8 alfo a {laughter houfe, where beef is dayly fold, thereis plenty of fowles, Fruits, Maiz, Wheat ,( though not altogether fo bright as tliat of Mixco) hony, and the beft water thereabouts ; it is called in the Indian tongue Panac,( fomefay ) froma fruitof that name which is very abandantthere. Onthe North and South fide of this valley are hils, which are moft {own with wheat, which proveth better there then in the low valley. Atthe Weft end of it, ftand two greater,Townes then Adjxco and Pinola, named Petape, and Amatitlan, tothe which there ate in the miditof the val- ley fome defcents and afcents, which they call Baranca’s or bottomes, where are plea- fant ftreames and fountaines,and good feeding for theep, and Cattel: Petapa is a Towne of at Jeaft five hundred inhabicants very rich; who fuffer alfo fome Spaniards to dwell among{tthem, from whom alfo thoie Indians have learned to live and thrivein the world, This Towneis the pafla ge from: Comayagua, St. Salvador, Nicaragua, andCofta Rica, and hath got great wealth by the conftant goers and comers. It is eftcemed one of the pleafanteft Townes belonging unto Guatemala, for a great Lake of frefh water neer untoit, whichis full of firs elpecially crabs, and a fith called, Mojarra,which is much like unto a mullet (though not altogether fo big) and eateth like it. In this Towne there is a certaine number of Indians appointed, who are to fith forthe City, and on Wednefdayes , Fridayes, and Saturdayes, are bound to carry luch a quantity to Guatemala, of Crabs and Mojarra’s, as the Corre= idor and Regidores,Major and Aldermen ( who are buteight ) fhall command weck- ly to be brought, . pia Re he This Towne Petapa is fo called from two Indian words, Persp, which fignifieth 4 Mat, ands, which fignifieth water, anda Mat being the chiefe part of an Indians bed,_ it is as much as to fay a bed of water, from the{moothnefle,plainneffe,and calm- nefle of the waterof the Lake. There livethinita principall family of Indiani,who are faid to defcend from the ancient Kings of thofe parts, and now by the Spaniards are graced with the noble name of Guzman 3 outof this family ischofen oneto be Governour of the Towne with fubordination unto the City and Chancery of Guate- mala. Don Bernabe de Guzman was Governour in my time, and had been many yeers before, and governed very wilely and difcreetly, till with old age he came to loofe his fight; andin his place encred his fon Don Pedro de Guzman, of whom the reft of the Indians ftood in great awe, as formerly they had to his father. Had not the(e Indi- ans been given to drunkennefle € asmott Indians are’) they might have governed a Town ot Spariards:This Governour hath many priviledgés granted utito bim(though none to Weare a{word, orrapier, asmay the Governour of Chiapa of the Indians) and appoints by turnes {ome of the Towne to wait and attend on him at dinner and fupper, others tolookéto his Horfes, others to fith for him » others to bring him wood for his houfe {pending , others to bring him meat for his Horfes; and yer after all this his attendance, he attends and waits on the Frier that lives in the Towne, and doth nothing concerning the governing of the Towne and executing of juftice, but. what the Frier alloweth and advifeth to be done. There is alfo great fervice appointed for this Frier, of Fithermen, andother attendants in his houfe, who liveth ag ftate= ly as any Bithop.Movt crades belonging toa well fetled Commion-wealth ate here ex- ercifed by thefe Jndians.As for herbage,and garden-fruits,arid requifices, ithath: what« {ever may befound,or defired in the City of Guatemale. The Church treafare is very great,there being many Sodalities of our Lady and other their Saints, which areens — riched with crowns,and chains,and bracelets,befides the lamps,cenfers,& filver candle- fticks belonging unto the Altars.Upon Adichaelmas day is the chief fair and feaftofthe Town,which is dedicated unto St. Michael whither many Merchants refort from G#a- semale to buy and fell,in the afternoon,and the next day following, Bull-baiting isthe | N common’ A New Suneiey of the Welt-Indies. common {port for that feaft with fome Spaniards and Blackmores on Horte-backe, and other Indians on foot, who commonly being drunke, {ome venture, fome lofe their Jivesin thefport. Befides chis generall concourfe of people every yeer at that time there isevery day at five aclock in theafternoonea Tianguez or market, upheld by the _ concourfeof the Indians ofthe Town among themfelves. Befides the lake, there run- neth by this Town a river,which in places is eafily waded over, and waters the fruits, gardens, and other piantations,and drivesa mill which ferves moft of the valley to grind their wheat. _Withina mile anda halfe of this Towne there is a rich Ingenio orfarme of Sugar belonging to one Sebaftian de Savaletta, a Bifeaine borne, who came at firft very poore into that Country, and ferved one of hisCountry men; but with his good induaftry and paines, he began to get a Mule or two to traffique with about the Country, till atlaft he increafed his ftocke to a whole Requa of Mules, and from thence grew forich that he bought much land about Petaps, which he found to be ve~ ry fit for Sugar, and from thence was incouraged to builda princely houfe , whither thebelt of Guatemala doe refortfor their recreation. Thisman maketh a great deale of Sugar for the Country, and fends every yeer much to Spaine; he keepeth at leatt threefcore flavesof his own for the worke of his farmesisvery generous in houfe kee- ping, and is thought to be worth above five hundred thoufand Duckats. Within halfe amilefrom him there is another farme of Sugar, which is called but a Trapiche belonging untothe Auguttin Friers of Guatemala, which keepes fome twenty flaves, and is calleda Trapiche , for thatit grinds not the Sugar Cane with that device of the Ingenio, but grinds a lefle quantity, and fo makes not fo much Sugar as doth an In- genio. From hence three milesisthe Town of Amatitlan, neer unto which ftandeth a greater Ingenio of Sugar, themisthatof Savaletta, andis called the Ingenio of one Anis, becaule he firft founded it, but now it belongeth unto one Pedro Crefpo the Poft- matter of Guatemala, this Ingenio feemeth to bea little Town by it felfe for the many cottages and thatched houfes of Blackmore flaves which belong unto it, who may be abovea hundred, men, women, andchildren. The chiefe dwelling houfe is ftrong and capacious, and able to entertain a hundred ledgers. Thefethree farmes of Sugar itanding fo neer unto Guatemala, enrich theCity much, and occafion great trading © from it to Spaine. The Town of, e4matitlan, though in it there live not fo many Spa- piards as in Petapa,. yet there are in it more Indian families then in Petapa. The ftreets are more orderly made and framed likea Chequer board, they are wide, broad,plain, and all upon duftand fand. . This Towne alfo enjoyeth the commodity of the lake, and furnifheth with fifth the City of Guatemaia,upon thofe daies before named of Petae pa. Andthough it ftandeth out of therode-way, yetit is almoft as rich as Petapa. For the Indians of it get much by theconcourfe of coramon people, and the Gentry of Guatemala, who refort thither tocertain bathes of hot waters, which are judged and approved very wholefome forthebody. This Townealfo getteth much by the falt which here is made, or rather gathered by the lake fide, which every morning ap- peareth likea hoary froft upon the ground, and is taken up and purified by the Indians, and proves very whiteand good.’ .Befides what they get by the falt, they get alfo by the Requa’s of Mulesin the valley,'and aboutthe Country, which ate brought to feed upon that fale earth aday, orhalfeaday, untill they be ready to burft ( the ow- ner paying fix pence a day for every Mule ) and it hath been found by experience, that this makes them thrive and grow lufty and purgeth them betterthen any drench, orblood-letting. They have farther great trading in Cotton-wool,more abundance of fruits then Petapa, a fairer market place with two extraordinary great Elm-trees, under which the Indians daily meet at eveningto buy and fell. The Church of this Towncisas faire and beautifull as any about Guatemala, theriches and {tate whereof hath caufed the Dominican Friers fince the yeer 1635,to make that place the head and Priory over the other Townes of the valley,and to build there a goodly and fumptuous Cloifter, in which in my time there was{for Itold then mot of it, and doubtleffe fince it hath much increafed Jeight thoufand Duckats laid up in a cheft,with three lockes for the common expences of the Cloifter. Thus my Reader,I have led thee through the val- ley of Mixes sand Péinola, Petapa and .Amititlany which in riches and wealeh, what with the great trading in it,what with the theep & cattell, what with the abundance of mules, what with three Farmes of Sugar, what with the great Farmesof Corn and Wheat, what with thechurches treafures yeelds to no other place belonging unto the ogee ) A New Survey of the Wekt-Indies. of Guatemala.\ may not forget yet a double wheat harveft(as I may well term it in this Vally.he firlt being of a little kinde of Wheat,which they call Trigo Tremefino,a word compounded in Spanif from thefe two words,tres mefes, or from the Latin trey menos) which alter three monethsfowing is ripe and ready to be cutdown, and being fowed — about the end of Auguff, is commonly harveftedin about the end of November, and although in the {manefle of it, it feemes to havebut a little Flower, yet it yeelds as much as their other forts of Wheat, and makes as white bread, chough it Keep not fo wellas that which is made of other Wheat, but foone groweth ftale and hard. The other harvelt Gvhich is of two forts of Wheat, one called Rubio, or red Wheat, the o- ther called Blanquilleo, or white like Candia Wheat) followeth foon after this firft of Tremefino, for prefently after Chriftmas every one begins to bring theis fickles into the field, where they doe not onely reap down their Wheat, but in ftead of threfhing icin barnes, they caufe it to bee trod by Mares inclofed within foores made on pur- pofein the fields; and when the Wheat istrod out of the Earesby the Mares tram- pling, who are whipped round about the floores that they may not ftand ftill,but tread it conftantly and throughly; then the Maresbeing let out of the floores, the wheat is . winnowed from the chaffe,and put up clean into fackes, and from the field carried to the Barnes; but thechaffeand moft ofthe ftraw is left to rot in the fields, which they efteem as good asdunging; and further fet all the fields on fire, burning the ftubble that is left alittle before the time of the firftfhowers of raine, which with the athes left afterthe burning fatteththe ground, and by them is held the bett way to huf- band or dung their ground. Others that will fow anew and-woody peece of land, caufe the trees, though timber trees to bee cut down, and fell not a ftick of that wood, - (which there is fo plentifull, that they judge it would not quit their coft to carry it to Guatemala, though in England it would yeeld thoufand pounds ) but they let it lie anddry, and betorethe winter raine begins, they fet on fire all the field > and burn that rich timber, with the afhes whereof that ground becomes fo fat and fertile, that where upon an Aker wee fow herethree buthels of Wheat, or upwards, they fow fuch ground fothin, that they fcarce dare venture a full bufhell upon an Aker, left with too much {preading uponthe ground it grow too 4 bee lodged, and they loofetheir crop, The likethey doe unto the pafture of the Valley ; about the end of March, it is hort aad withered and dry,and they alfo fetiton fire, which be- ing burnt caufeth a difmall fight, and profpect of a black valley; but after the frit .- two or three fhowres, it puts cn againe its greene and’ pleafant garment, inviting the Cattell,Sheep,Lambs, Goats,and Kids, (which fora while were driven away to other patturing ) to return and fport againe, to feed and reft in its new flourifhing bo- fome. Buctow it istime, J returnagain back tothe otherend of this valley, tothe Rio de las Vac (from whence I have viewed the compafle of it; and made my long digreffion from Eaft to Wer, to the fartheft Towne of Amatitlaw) to thew thee, my Reader, the little part of thy way remaining unto Guatemala. True itis, from the Ermitage of our Lady, there isa ftreight way through the middle of the valley leading almoft to Amatitlan,and then turning up a hill out of the valley on the right hand;But that hath many afcents and defcents} bottomes, falls and rifings, and therefore is not theconitant Rode, which from the Ermitage pointeth onthe righthand, obferving the Towne of Adixeo, ftanding but five miles from Guatemala, from Mixco the way lyeth upa hill, and leadeth to a Town fomewhat bigger then Adixco, of Indidns cal- led San Lucas, or St. Luke, acold Town, but exceeding rich; the temper and cold- nefle of it, hath made it the ftorehoufé, or Granary forall the City; for whereas be- low in'the Valley,the Wheat will not keep long without mufting,and breeding a worm called Gurgojo,fuch is the temper of this T own of St.Luke,that in it,the Wheat will keep two or three yeeres ready threfhed, with a little turning now and then 3 and as it lyeth - will give and yeeld,(as experience taught mee there )fo that he that hath laid up in that Town two hundred buthels of Wheat, at the yeers end {hall find neer upontwo hun- dred and twenty bufhels. This Towne therefore receives from the Valley moft of the barveit, andis full of whiat wee call Barnes, but there are called Trojas , without floores, butraifed wp with ftackes and bordsa foot ortwo from the ground., and covered with mats, whereon is laid the Wheat, and by fome rich Monopolifts from the City is kept and hoarded two and three yeers untill they find their beft opportunity to bring it outto fale, atthe tate of their own will and pleaftre. From hence to N 2 Gitetema= eee New Survey of the VVelt-Indics, | Guatemala there is but three lictleleagues, and one onely Bysrranca, or héepoune: ae} onevery fide of che way.little petty Townes, which they call Adipas , confifting of aad fomie twenty Cottages. In the middle of the way is the top ofa hill which di{covereth allthe City, and ftandeth as overmattring of it,asif with a peece or two, of Ordnance it would keepe all Guatemala in awe; But belides this,hill, which is the wide and o- penRode, there ftand yet forwarderon the right and left hand other mountaines ‘which draw neerertotheCity, and whatthistop peradventure wich too much di- ‘ftance, is not able to doe or reach, the others certainly would reach with Cannon fhor, and command that farre commanding City. . Downe. this hill theway lies broad and wide, andas open as is the way downe Barnet or Highgate Hill; and at the,bottome itis more ftraitned betweene the Mountaines, for the {pace ofabowfhot, which paf= fage allo is craggy by reafon of ftones andfome, {mall peeces of rocks which lieiin a ‘brook of water that defcends from the Mountaines, and runs.towardstheCity. But ata little Ermitage called St. Jobn, the, way opens againe itfelfe,and theweth Guatema- Ja, welcoming the weary travellers with a pleafant profpe&, and ealing theirs, or their mules or horfes feet, what with green walkes, whatwith a fandy and gravelly Rode untothe City, which never thuc gateagainft any goer or comer, nor forbad their entrance with any fenced walls, or watchmens jealous queftions , but freely and gladly entertaines themeither by the back fide of the Dominicans.Cloifter, orby the Church and Nunnery calledthe Conception. And thus my Reader, andcoun- try man I have brought and guided thee from the, Golfe unto Guatemala, thewing what that way is moft remarkable. I {hall not now fhew thee any more of this Cities Do- minions toward Nicaragua and the South ( having already fhewed thee the way as far as Realejo) leaving that untill I come to tell thee of my journey homewards, which I madethat way. There remaines yet the Country of the Mera Paz and the way unto it to difcover, andfo toclofeupthisChapter. The Vera Pazis{o called,for that che Tndians of that Country hearing how the Spantards had conquered Guatemala, and did conquer the Country round about, wherefoever they came, yeelded themfelves pcace- ably-and without any refiftance untotheGovernment of Spine. This Gountry for- merly had a Bilhop co it felfediftin® from Guatemala, but now ismadeone Bifhoprick with thac.Ic is governed by an Alcalde Maior,or high Juttice (ent from Spaiv,with fub- ordination unto the Court of Geatemsla. The head or thire Town of it, is called Coban, where is a Cloifter of Dominican friers, andthe common place of Refidence of the Alcalde Maior. All this Country as yetis nor fubdued by the Spaniard:, who have now and then fome ftrong encounters with thebarbarous and heathen people, which lie between this Country and Jucatan; and faine would the Spaniards conquer them, thatthey might make way through them unto a Town called G4mpin belong- ing to Fucatan, and fettle commerce, and Traffique by land with that Country, which isthought.would beea great furtherance to the Country and City of Guatema- ia, and a fafer wayto convey their goods tothe Havana, then by the Golf, for often- times the fhipsthat goe from the Golfro the Havana, are met with by the Hollanders and furprifed.. Butas yet the Spaviards have not been able to bring to pafle this their defign, by reafon they have found ftrong refiftance from the heathenith people, and a hot fervice to attempt the conquering of them. ‘Yet there was a Fryer a gieat acquaintance of mine, called Fryer Erancifev Aderan,who ventured his lifeamong thofe barbarians, and with two or three Ivdians went on foot through that Country,untill he came unto Campin,where he found a few Spantards,who wondred at his courage and boldneffe incomming that way. This Fryer came back again to Coban and Vera Paz, relating how the barbarians hearing him fpeake their language, and finding him kind,loving and curteousto them, ufed him alfo kindly, fearing (ashee faid) that if they fhouldkill him, the Spaniards would never let them bee at reftand quiet, untill they had utterly deftroyed them, . Hee related when he came back, that the Coun- try which the Barbarians inhabite, is better then any part.of the Vera Pzz, which is {ubje& to the Spaniards, and {poke much of:a Valley, where isa great lake, and a~ bout ita Towne of Indians, which heejudged to bec of at leaft twelve thoufand In- habitants, the Cottages lying inadiftance one fromanother. This Fryer hath writ of this Country, and hath goneto Spaig tothe Court to motion the conquering of it, for the profitand commodity that may enfue both to Gastemalsand Fecatan, if a way wereopened thither. Bue though ag yet on that fide the Spaniards and the | Country ANew Survey of the Welt-Indies. Country ofthe Vera Paz, bee ftraightned by that heathenifh people, yet on the o- _ ther fide it hath free paflage unto the Golf, and tradethere when the fhips doe come, carrying Fowles and what other Provifion the Country will afford for the thips, and bringing from thence wines, and other Spanifob wares unto Coban. This Coun- try isvery hilly-and craggy, and though therebee fome bigge Townesin it, they are not abovethree or foure that are confiderable. The chief commodities, are Achiotte which isthe beft of all the Country belonging to Guatemsla) and Cacao, Cotton Wooll, hony, Canna fifula, and Zarzaparilla, great ftoreof A¢aiz, but no Wheat, much waxe,plenty of fowles and birds of all coloured feathers,wherewith the Indians make fome curious works,but not like unto thofeé of Mechoacan; here are alfo abundance of Parrets, Apes and Monkies which breed in the Mountaines. The way from Guz- temala to this Country is that which hitherto hath beene fpoken of from the Golf, as far as the Town of Sc. Luke; and fromthence the way keeps on the hilsand moun- taines which lie on the fide of the Valley of Adixco. Thefe hils are called Sacatepeques, (compounded of Sacate and Tepec, the latter fignifyinga hill, andthe former, herbe or grafle, and thusjoyned, they fignifie mountaines of grafle) and among them are thefe chief Townes, firft Santiago or St. James, a Town of five hundred Families, {e- condly, San Pedroor St, Peter, confilting of fix hundred families, thirdly, St. faz, or St. Jobz confitting alfo of at leaft fix hundred Families,and fourthly,Sto Domingo Sea nano, or St. Deminie of Senaco, being of three hundred Families. Thefe foure Towns are very rich, and tnetwe lait very cold, thetwo firft are warmer; there are about them many Farmesof corn and good Wheat, befides the Indian Maiz. Thele In- ' dians avefomewhat of more courage then thofe of other Townes, andin my time were like to rife up againft the Spaniards for their unmercifull tyranny over them. The Churches are exceedingrich; in the Towne of Santiago, there was living inmy time one Indian, who for onely vaine-glory had beftowed the worth of fix thoufand Du- ckatesupon that Church, and yet afterwards this wretch'was foundto bee a Wizard and Idolater. Thefe Indians get much mony by letting out great tuffes of feathers, which the Indians ufe in theirdances upon the feafts of the Dedication of their towns. For fome of the great tuffes may have at leaft threefcore long feathers of divers colours, for every feather hiring they have halfe aRiall, befides what price they fet to every feather, if any fhould chance to be loft. From the Town of St. Juba, which is the fur- theft the waylies plain and pleafant untoa little village of fome twenty Cottages, cal- Ted St. Raymunds or St. Raymond,from whence there is a good dayes journy up and down Barrancas, or bottomes unto a Rancho, or lodge ftanding by a River fide, which is the fame River, that paffeth bythe Town of Acecabaftlan {pokenof before. From this is an afcent or a very craggy and rocky Mountaine, called the Mountaine of Rabinall, where are fteps cut out in the very Rockes forthe mules feet, and flipping on one orthe other fide, they fallfurely downe therockes, breaking their neckes,and mangling all their limbes and joynts; but this dauger continueth not long nor extendeth above a league and ahalf, andin thetop and worft of this danger, there is the comfort of a goodly Valley, called EJ Valle de San Nicholas, St. Nicholas his Val- ley , from_an Eftancia called St. Nicholas belonging to the Dominicans Cloilter of Co- ban. This Valley though it muft not compare with that of A¢ixeo and Piwls; yet next after it, it may well take placefor onely three things confiderable in it. The firk isan Ingenioof Sugar, called Sax Geronymo, or St, Hierome, belonging unto the Domi- nicans Cloifter of Gaatemala,which indeed goeth beyond that fpoker of of-Amatitlan, both for abundance of Sugar made there, and fentby mules to Guatemala over that rocky Mountaine, and for multitude of flaves living in it under the command of two Fryers, and for the excellent horfes bred there, which are incomparably the beft of all the Country of Guatemala for metle, and gallantry , and therefore(thoug! mules are commonly ufedfor burthens) are much defired and looked after by theGal- lants and Gentry ofthe City, who make ita great part of theirhonour to prance a=” bout the ftreets. The (cond thing in this Valley is the Eftancia or Farm of St. Nicolas which is as famous for breeding of mules, as is St. Hieromwe forhorfes. ‘Thethird or- nament toitisa Town of Indians, called Rabinall, of at leatteight hundred Families, which hath all chatheart can with forpleafure and life of man. It inclineth rather to heat thencold, bucche heat ismoderate and mach qualified wich the many cook and fhady walkes, Thereisnotany Indian fruits. which is not there to be ene A New Survey of, the VVelt-Indies. fidesthe fruits of Spain, as Oranges, Lemmons, {weet and fowre, Citrons, Pomegra- nates, Grapes, Figs,Almonds, and Dates ; the onely want of wheat is nota want to them chat mind bread ot wheat more then of Maiz,tor in two dayes it is eafily brought from the Townes of Sacatepeques, For fle(h, it hath Beef, Mutton, Kid, Fowles, Tur- kies, Quailes, Partridges,abbets,Pheafants,and for fith,it hath a River running by the houfes, which yeeldeth plenty both great and {mall, . The Indians of this Towne are much like unto thofe of Cbiapa of the Indiaus,for bravery, for feafting, for riding of hor(es, and {hewing themfelves in {ports and paftimes. This Town my friend Fryer Iobn Baptift, after hee had:been Prior of many places, and efpecially of Chiapa and Guatemala, choletolivein to injoy quietnefle,plea‘ure and content; and in this Town was I feafted by him in fuch a fumptuous,prodigall and lavifhing way, as truely might make poor mendicant Fryers afhamed to come fo neer unto Princesin vanity of lifeand dyete From this Valley untothe Vers Paz, or Coban , the head Town of it , there is nothing confiderable,fave onely one. Town more called St. Cbrifteval or St. Chriftopber, which enjoyeth now a pleafanc Lake,and bottomelefle,as is reported. Formerly there beingno Lake at all, ina great Earthquake, the earth thereopened, and fwallowed up many houfes, leaving this Lake which ever fince hathcontinued. From hence to Coban the wayes are bad and mountainous,yet fuch as through the worft of them,thofe coun- try mules with heavy burthens ealily goe through. And thus with my pen,Reader, have I gone through mott of the bounds and limits of Guatemalz, which is more furnifhed with gallant Towns of Indians, then is any part ofall Americas and doubtleffe were the Indians warlike, induftrious, aGtive for warre or weapons, no part in all Awserica might bee ftronger in peoplethen Guatemala, But they being kept under and Op- preffed by the Spaniards, and no weapons allowed them, notfo muchas their natu- rall Bowes and Arrdwes, much lefie Guns, Piftols, Muskets , Swords, or Pikes, their courage isgone, their affections alienated from the Spaniards, and fo the Spaniards might very well feareythat if their country fhould be invaded the multitude of their In- dian people,would prove to them.a multitude of enemies, either ranning away to ano- therfide ; or forced to help,would bee to them but as the help of {0 many flies. CHAP. XIX. Shewing the condition, quality, fafhion, and behaviour of the Indians of the | Country of Guatemala fince the Conqueft and {pecially of their feafts, and yeerly S olemnities. , “26 HE condition of the Indians of this Country of Guatemala is as fad, andas much to bee pitied as of any Indians in America, for that I may fay it is with them in fome fort, as it was with Zfaelin Egypt, of whom itis faid, Exod.1.7. ~ They wore fruitful andincreafed abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty, and the land was filled with them, and therefore Pharavb faid unto his people , Verl 10. Letusdeake wifély withthem , left they multiply, and it come topaffe, that when there fallesh out any Warre, they jayne alfo untoour enemies, and fight againft us. There- fore they dicfet over them taskemafters, to affli& them with their burdens, and they madetheir lives-bitter with bondage, in morter and inbrick, andin all manner of fervice inthe field;and all their fervice wherein they made them ferve was with rigor. Though icis true,there ought notto be any comparifon made betwixt the Iraelsres and the Indians,chofe being Gods people,thefe not as yet;nevertheleffe the comparifon may well hold in the oppreffion of the one and the other,and in themanner and caufe of the ‘oppreffion,chat b:ing with bitternefle,rigour, and hard bondage , and left they thould multiply and increafetoo much.Certain it is, thefe Indians fufter great oppeflion from the Spaniards live in great bitternefle,are under hard bondage, and ferve with great ri- gor;and al rhis,becaufe they are at leaft a thoufand of them for one Spaniard,they daily multiply and increafe,in children and wealth,and therefore are feared le{t they fhould be- toomighty,and either rife up of themfelves,orjoyn themfelves to any enemy againft their oppreffors;for both which fears and jealoufies,they are not allowed the ufe of any Weapons or armes,no not their bows and arrows,which their anceftors formerly ufed ; fothat as hereby the Spaniards are fecured from any hurt or annoyance from them as io unarme as : sf ded a i f ae A New Survey of the Weft-Indies. unarmed people;fo may any other nation,that (hall be incouraged to invade that land, be fecure alfo from the Indians,& confequently the Spaniards own policy for themfelves againit the Indians may be their greateft ruine,and deftruction, being a great people and yet no people; forthe abundance of their Indians would be to them as no people ; and they themfelves,( who out of their few Towns and Cities live but here and there, too thinly {cattered upon fo great and capacious a land }) would be but a handfull for any realonable Army ; and of that handfull very few would be found able or fitting men; and thofe able men would do lictle without the help of guns and ordnance;and if their own opprefled people, ‘Black-mores and Indians(which themf{elves havealwaies feared) fhould fide againft them, foon would they be(wallowed up both from within and from without. And by this it may eafily appear how ungrounded they are,who fay, it is har- der to conquer America now then in Cortez his time, for that there arenow both Spani- ards and Indians to fight againft, and then there were none but bare and naked Jadians. This I fay is a falfe ground; for then there were Indians trained up in wars one againtt another, who knew weltoufe their bows and arrows, and darts, and other weapons, and were defperate in their fights and fingle combats,as may appear out of the hiftories of them;but now they are cowardized, oppreffed , unarmed, foon frighted with the noife of a musket,nay with afowre and grim look of a Spaniara,(o from them there is no fearsneither can there be from the Spaniards,who fromal the vaft dominions of Gua~ semala are not able to raife five thoufand able fighting mien, nor todefend fomany pat- {ages as lie open in feverall parts of that Country, which the wider and greater it is, might be advantagioustoanenemy, and while the Spaniard in one place might oppofe his ftrength , in many other places might his land be over-run by a foraine nation ; nay by their owne flaves the Blackmores, who doubtleffe to be fet at liberty would fide again them in any fuch occafion ; andlaftly, the Criolians who alfo are fore opprefled by them, would tejoyce in fach a day, and yeeld rather to live with free- dome and liberty under a forain people, then tobe longer oppreffzd by thofe of their own blood. . The miferablecondition of the Indiaus of that Country is (ach, that though the Kings of Spain have never yeelded to what fome would have, that they fhould be flaves, yet their lives areas full of bitterneffe as is the life of a flave.For which I have known my felfe fome of them that havecome homefromtoyling and moyling with Spaniards, after many blowes, fomewounds, andlittle or no wages, who have ful- lenly and {tubbornly lain down upon their beds, refolving todie rather then to live any longer alifefo flavifh, and have refufed totake either meat ordrinke,or any thing elfe comfortable and nourifhing, which their wives have offeredunto them, that fo by piningand ftarvingtheymight confume themfelves. SomeI have by good perfwa- fions encouraged to life rather then toa voluntary and wilfull death; others there have been that would not be perfwaded, butinchat wilfull way have died. The Spani- ards that live about that Country (efpecially thefarmersof the valley of Asixco, Pi- nols, Petapa, Amatitlan, and thofe of the Sacatepeques )alleadge that all theirtrading, and farming, is for the good of the Common-wealth, and therefore whereas there are not Spaniards enough for fo ample and large a Countrey to doe all their work, and all arenotable to buy flaves and Blackmores, they ftand in need of the Indians help to derve them for their pay and hire, whereupon ithath been confidered, thata partiti- on of Indian labourers be made every Monday, or Sonday in the afternoon to the Spaniards, according to the farmes they occupie, or acording to their feverall employ- ments,calling,and trading with Mules,or any other way.So that for fuch and fuch a difri& there is named an officer, who is called Juez Repartidor, who according to a Litt made of every farme, houfe, and perfon, is to give fo many Indians by the week. ‘And here isa doore opened to the prefident of Guatenmala,and to the Judges to provide well fortheir meniallfervants, whom they commonly appoint for this office, which is thus performed by them. They namethe Townand place of their meeting upon Sonday or Monday, to the which themifelves and the Spaniards of that diftri& do re- fort. | The Indians of thefeverall Towns,are to bave in a readinefle fo: many labourers - as the Court of Guatemala hath appointed to be weekly taken out of foch a Towne, who arecondued by an Ixdien officer co the Towne of generall mecting ; and when they comethither with their tooles, their fpades , fhovels, bils, or axes, with their provifion of viduals foraweek ( which arecommenly fome dry cakes of Maiz,’ puddings 139 Sees an ene = — " 3 St IIR cS Ss Serena pa seen eee ss A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. uddingsof frixoles, or French beanes, aud a little Chile or bitinglong pepper, or a bit of cold meat for the firitday ortwo ) and with beds on their backes( which is only acourfe woollen mantle to wrap about them when they lye on the bareground ) thenarethey fhutup in the Towne-houfe, (ome with blowes, fome with {purnings, fome with boxesontheeare, if prefently they goe not in, Now all being gathered together, andthe houfe filled wichthem, the Juez Repartidor or officer, calls by the order of the Lift fuch and fucha Spaniard, andalfocallsout of the houfe fo many Iudians as by the Court are commanded to be given him ( {ome are allowed three, fome foure, fome ten, fome fifteen, fome twenty, according to their employments) and delivereth unto the Spaniard his Indians, and foto all the reft, till they be all fer- ved; who when they receive their Indians, take from thematoole, or their mantles, tofecure them thatthey run not away ; and for every Indian delivered unto them, they give unto the Juez Repartidor or officer, halfe a Riall, which is three pence an Indian for his fees, which mounteth yeerly to him to a great deale of money; for fome officers make a partition ordiftribution of four hundred, fome of two hundred,fome of three hundred Indiaxs, every week, and carrieth home with him fo many halfe hun- dred Rialsforone, or halfeadaies worke. If complaintbe made by any Spaniard that fuch and fuch an Indian did run away from him, and ferved him notthe week paft, the Indian muft be brought, and furely tied to a poft by his hands in the Market place, and there be whipped upon-hisbare backe. Butif the poor Imdian complainethat the Spaniards coufenedand cheated him of his fhovell, axe, bill, mantle, or wages, no juftice fhall be executed againft the cheating Spaniard,neither thall the Ivdian be righted, though it istrue the order runs equally in favour of both Indian and Spaniard. Thus are the poore Indians {old for three pence a peece for a whole weeks flavery, not permite ted to goe home at nights unto their wives, though their worke lie not above a mile from the Town where they live ; nay fome are carried ten or twelve miles from their home, who mutt not returne till Saturday night late, and muft that week do whatfo- ever their Mafter pleafeth to command them. The wages appointed them will {carce find them meat and drinke, for they arenot allowed a Rialladay , whichis but fix- pence, and with that they areto find themfelves, but for fix daies workeand diet they _areto have five Rials, whichis halfe a crowne. This fame order is obferved in the City of Guatemala, and Townes of Spaniards, where to every family that wants the fervice of an Indian or Indians,though it be but to fetch water and wood on their backs, orto goeof arrants, is allowed the like fervice fromthe neereft Indian Townes. It would grieve a Chriftians heart to fee how by fomecruell Spaniards in that weeks fer- vice, thofe poor wretches are wronged and abufed; {ome vifiting their wives at home, whilft their poore husbands are digging anddelving; others whipping them for their flow Working , others wounding ae with eheirfwords, or breaking their heads for {ome reafonable and well grounded an{wer in their own behalfe, others ftealing from them their tooles, others cheating them of halfe, others of all their wages,alleadg~ ing that their fervice coft them halfea Riall,and yet their worke not well performed. T knew fome who madea common pra&tice of this, when their wheat was (owne, and they had little to dofor the Indians; yet they would have home as many as were due unto their farme, and on Monday and Tuefday wouldmake them cut and bring them on their backes as much wood as they needed all that week, and then on Wednefday atnoon ( Knowing the great defire of the India#s to goe home to their wives, for the which they would give any thing )would fay unto them, What will you give me now, if Ilet you goe home todoe your own worke?. whereunto the Indians would joy- fully reply and anfwer, fomethat they wouldgive a Riall, otherstwo Rials, which they would takeand fendthem home, and fo would have much workedone, wood to (erve their houfe a week, and mony as much as would buy them meat, and Cacao for Chocolatte two weeks together; and chus fromthe poor Indians doe thofe uncon- {cionable Spantards prattice a cheap and lazy way of living. Others will fell them away for chat week unto a neighbour that hath prefent need of worke, demanding Rialsa piece for every Indian, which he that buyeth them, willbe fure to defray out of their wages. So likewife are they in.aflavifh bondage and readineffe for all paflen- gers and travellers, who in any Towne may demand unto the next Towne as many Indians do goe with hisMules, or to carry on their backes a heavy burthen as he fhall ‘need, who at the journeys end will pick fome quarrell with them, and {o fend them back a a RR CU is T acm __ ANew Survey of the WelsIndic, —=—=~=~S*S*~S back. with blowes and ftripes without any pay atall, 0A Petaca, or-leatherne Truntre, aud chelt of above a hundred-weight, they will make thofe wretches to carry on théir backs.a whole day,nayfome two or/threedaies together ,which they doe by*tying the cheiton each fide with ropes,having-a‘broad leather in the middle ; which they croffe over.the forepare. ofitheirhead,:or over their forehead, hanging thus the-waitgh tipon | their heads.and browes, ‘which at their journeysendbath matle the blood idk in the foreheads of fome;galling and pulling off theskinjand marking them ‘inthe tore-top | of their heads, who.asithey are called’ Tamemexs. fo: are-edfily knowt'in-a Towne! their-baldneffe, thavleather girchaving worn’ off alltheir hair. ‘With. thefe-hard u- tages, yet do thofe poor peoplemakea fhift:to live amontt the Spaniards, °buc{o°thar with anguifh of ‘hearethey are ftill crying outto God forjuftice,and for liberty whofe only. comforts in their PreiftsandFriers, whomany timesdoe quiet-them when they | would rife.up.in mutiny, andor their-owne ends docoften ‘prevaile over ‘them with fair and cunning pef{wafions, to bear and fuffer for Gods fake, and forthe good'of the Common-wealth thatthard task and fervice which is laid upen them. And though in in allfeafons,wetand dry,cold and hot,and in all wayes plain-and mountainous, ‘reer anddirty, dufty and ttony,they mutt performe'this hard ‘fervice to their commanding “Mafters, theirapparell andcloathingis but tach asmay cover the nakedneffe ‘of ‘their body, nay in fome it is fuchtorne rags aé-will not cover halfe their nakednefié, Their ordinary cloathing is a paire of linnen-or woollen drawers ‘broad and open at ‘the Knees, without {hoces ( though in theirjournéysfome will put on leatherne andals to keep the foles.of ‘their feet ).or ftockins, without any doublet, athortcourk flirt; . which reacheth a little below theirwatte,and fervesmorefor adoublet’then for a thirt, and-for a cloake a: woollen orlianen mantle, ( called Aiate ) tied with a knot over one fhoulder, hanging down on the other fide almoft to theground,with a twelve pen- ny or two fhilling hat, with after onegood thower of raine like paper falls about their necks andeies; theirbed they carry fometimes about them > Which is that woollen mantle wherewith they wrapthemélves about at night, taking off their thirt and drawers, which they lay undertheir head for a pillow; fomewillcarry withthem. 4 fhort, flight, andlight Matto lie, but thofethatcarry it not with them,if they can- not borrow one of a neighbour,lie as willingly in their mantle Upon the bare ground, as a Gentleman in Eng/asdupona foft down-bed, and thus doe they foundly fleep, aud lowdly fnort after a daies worke, or after a daies journey with a hundred weight upon theirbacks. Thofethat are of the better fort, and richer, and who are not employed as Z amemex:tocarry burthens, or a8 Labourers to work for Spaniards, but keepat home following their awn farmes, or following their owne Mules about the Country, or following their trades and callings in their fhops, or governing the Townes, as Alcaldes, or Alguaziles, officers of juftice,’ may ede alittle better appa relled, but after the fame manner. F or fome will have their drawers with a lace at the bottom, er wrought with fome coloured Silke or Crewel; fo likewife the ‘mantle a- bout them, fhall have either alace, or fome work of birds onit, fome will wear a cutlinnen doublet, others fhooes, but very few ftockins or bands about their neckes,’ and for their beds, the belt Indian Governour, or the richeft,who may be worth four or five thoufand Duckats, will have little more then the poor T amemez 3 for they lie upon boards, or Canes beund together, and raifed from the ground, whereon they lay a broad and handfome Mat, and at their heads for man‘and wife two little ftumps of wood for boliters, whereon they lay their thirtsand mantles and othercloaths for pillowes, covering themfelves with a broader blanket then is their mantle > and thus hardly would Don B.rnabe de Guzman the Governour of Petapa lie, and fo doe alf the belt of them. Thewomens attire is cheap and foon put on; | for moft of them allo go barefoot, the richer and better fort wear thooes,with broad ribbons for fhoce= fittings, andfor a:petticote, they tie about their wafte a woollen mantle, which in the better fore is wrought with divers colours, but not fowed at all, pleated or gathered in,but as they tie ic with a lift about them, they wear no fhift next their body,but cover their nakednefle wich a kind of furplice ( which they call Guaipil ) which hangsloof from their fhoulders down a little below their wafte, with open fhort flceves., which cover halfe their armes ; this Guaipil is curioufly wrought, efpecially in the bo- fome,with Cotton, or feathers. The richer forgsof them wear bracelets and bobs as bout their wrilts and necks, their hair is. athe up wich fillets,withouit any quaife » OF — ald Weer A New Survey of the VVeft-Indies. or covering, exceptitbethe better fort. When they goetoChurch or abroad, they put upon their heads a vaile of linnen, which hangeth almoft totheground, and this as that which coftsthem mott of -all their attire,for that commonly itis of Helland or fome good linnen brought from Spain,’ or fine linnen brought from China,which the better fort wear with a lace about.:’. When they..areat home at work they commonly take off their Guaipil,.or furplice, difcovering the nakednefle of their breafts and bo- dy.. They lie alfo in their beds as doe their husbands, wrapped up only with a mantle, or witha blanket. Their houfesare but poore thatched cottages, ‘without any upper roomes, butcommonly one or two.only roomes below, in the one they drefle their meat in the middle of it;. making a.compafle for fire, with two or three ftones, with- out any other chimney toconvey the{moak away, which fpreading it iclfe about the the roome filleth che thatch and the rafters fo with fus, that all the roome feemeth to be achimney. Thenextuntoit, is not free from finoak aud blacknefle, where fome- times are four or five beds according to the family. The poorer f6rt havebut oneroom, where they eat, drefle their meat, andfleep, Fewthere are that {et any lockes upon their dores, for they fear,no robbing nor ftealing, neither have they in their houfes much to lofe, earthen pots, and pans, and difhes, .and cups to drinke their Choco- a -Jatte, being the chief commodities in their houfe,. There isfcarce any houfe which hath not alfo in the yarda ftew, wherein they bath themfelves with hot water, which is their chief phyfick when they feel themfelves diflempered. Among themfelves they are in every Towndividedinto Tribes, which have one chief head, to whom all that belong unto that Trihe, doerefortin any difficult matters, whois bound to aid, pro- te, defend, counfell,and appear for the reft of his Tribe before the ofticers of jultice in any wrong thatisliketo bedone unto them. Whenany is to be married,the father of the fon that is to take a wife out of another Tribe, goeth unto the head of his Tribe to give him warning of his fons marriage with fucha maid. Then that head meets with the head of the maids Tribe, and they conferre about it. . The bufineffe commonly is in debate a quarter of a yeer; all which time the parents of the youth or man are with gifts to buy the maid ; they are tobe atthe charges of all that is fpentin eating and drinking, when the heads of the two. Tribes doe meet with the reft of the kindred of each fide, whofometimes fitin conference a wholeday, or moft part of anight, After many dayes and nightsthus fpent, and a fulltriall being made of the the one and other fides affection, if they chance to difagree about the marriage,then is the Tribe and parents of the maid to reftore back all that the other fide hath {pent and given. They give no portions with their daughters, but when they die, their goods and landsare equally divided among theirfons. If any one want a houfeto live in, or will repair and thatch his houfe anew, notice is given to the heads of the Tribes, ' who warnall the Town to cometo help in the work,and every one is to bring a bundie of ftraw,and other materials, fo that inone day with the helpeof many they fin'tha houfé,wit hout any charges more then of Chocolatte,which they minitter in preat cups as big as will hold above a pint,not putting in any coftly materials,as doe the Spaniards, but only alittle Annifeed, and Chile, or Indian pepper; or elfe they halfe fill the cup wich Attolle, and powre upon it as much Chocolatte as will fill the cup and colourit. In their diet the poorer fort are limited many times to a difhof Frixoles, or Turkey beanes, either black or white ( whichare therein very greatabundance, and are kept dry for all the yeer ) boyled with Chile; andif they can have this, they hold them- {elves well fatisfied; ‘with thefe beanes, they make alfo dumplins,firft boyling the bean alittle, and then mingling ic with a maffe of Maiz, as we do mingle Currants in our cakes, and (0 boile again the frixoles with the dumplin of Maiz mafle,and {o eat it hot, or keep it cold, but this andall whatfoever elfe they eat, they eithereatit with green biting Chile, or elle they dip it in waterand falc, wherein is bruifed fome of that Chile. Butif their means will not reach to frixoles, their ordinary fare and dictis, their Tortilla’s( fo they call thinround cakes made of the dow and maffe of Maiz) which they eat hot from anearthen pan, whereon they arefocn baked with one tur- ning over the fire; andthefe they eat alone either with Chile and {alt, and dipping them in water.and falt with alittle bruifed Chile. When their Maiz is green and ten- der,they boil fome of thofe whole ftalkes or clufters,whereon the Maiz groweth with the leafabout, and focafting alittle faleabourit, they catit. Ihave often eate of this, and found it as dainty as our young green peafe,and very nourifhing,but ic much increa= a d i ar Aer A New Sunsey of the Weft-Indies. | increafeth the blood. Alfo of this green and tender Maiz they makea Furmity » boiling the Maiz in fome of the milkewhich they have firft taken ont of itby bruifing it. The poorelt /ndien never wants this diet, and is well fatisfied, as longas his belly is tho- rowly filled. But the pooreit that live in fuch Townes where flefh meatis fold, will make a hard fhift, but that when they come from worke on Saturday night , they will buy one halfe Riall, or a Riall worth of | freth meat to eat on the Lords day.Some will buy a good deal at once, and keep it long by drefling itinto Taflajo’s, which are bun- _ dies ot flefh, rowled up and tied fai; which they doe, when for examples fake they have from a leg of beele fliced off from the bone.all the fleth with the knife, after the length, forme, and thinneffe of aline, or rope. . Then they takechefleth and {alt it, (which being iliced and thinly cut, foon takes fale ).and hang it up in their yards like aline from pottto poft, orfrom tree to tree, tothe wind forawhole week, and then they hang it in the {moak another week, and after rowle itup in {mall bundles,w hich become as hard asa tone, and fo asthey need it,they wafhit, boylicand eatit. This is America’s powdered beef which they call Taflajo, whereof I have often eaten, and the Spaniards eat much of it, efpecially thofe that trade abour:the Countrey with Mules ; nay this Taflajoisa great commodity , and hath made many a Spaniardrich, who carry a Mule ortwoloaden with thefe Taflajo’s in {mall parcels and bundles to thofe Townes wereis no flefh at all fold, and there they exchange them for other commodities among the Indians, receiving peradventure for one Taflajo or bundle, _ Cwhich coftthem but the halfe part of afarching) asmuch Cacao, asin other pla- _ ces they fell fora Riall or fixpence, The richer fort of people will fare better, for if _ there be fifh or fleth to bee had, they will have it, and eat molt greedily of it; and will not fparetheir fowls and Turkeys from their own bellies. T hefe alfo will now and then geta wild Dear, thooting it with their bows and arrows.’ And when they have killed ic, they let it liein the woodin fome hole or bottomcovered with leaves for the {pace of _abouta-week, untill it flinke and begin to be full of wormes;then they bring it home, cutit out intojoynts, and parboil ic with an herbe which groweth there domewhat likeunto our Tanzy, which they fay {weetneth itagain, and maketh the fleth eat ten- _ der, and as white asa peice of Turkey. Thusparboiled, they hang up the joynts in the {moke for a while, and then boyleit again, when they eat it, which is commonly dreffed with red Indign pepper ; and thisistheVenifon of America, whereof 1 have fometimes eaten, andfound it white and fhort, but never durftbe too bold with ic, not that I found any evill tafteinit, butthat the apprehenfion of the wormes and maggots which formerly had beenin it, troubled much my ftomack. Thele Indians _that have little todoeat home, and.arenot employed in the weekly fervice under the Spaniards in their hunting, will looke ferioufly for Hedge-hogs,which are jut like un- to ours, though certainly ours are not meat for any Chriftian, They are full of pricks _and brifleslikeours, and are found in woods and fields, living in holes, and as they fay feed upon nothing but Amits and their egs, and upon dry rotten fticks, jherbes, androots; of thefethey eat much, the flefh being as white and fweet asa Rabbit,and as fatasisa January hen keptup and fatted inaCoope. Of this meat I havealfo ea~ ten, and confefleitis a dainty difhthere, though I will not fay the fame of a Hedge~ hog here; forwhat here may be poyfon, there may be goed and lawfull meate, by fomeaccidentall difference in the creature it felfe,and inthat which it feeds ypon,or in the temper of the air and climate. This meat not only the Indians but thebeft of the Spaniards feed on it; and itis fo much efteeemed of, that becaufein Lent they are com- monly found, the Spaniards wil] notbe deprived of it,butdo eat it alfo then, alleadg- ging that itis no flefh ( though inthe eating it bein fatneffe and in tafte, and in all like unto fle(h +) for thatit feeds not uponany thing that is very nourifhing, but chiefly npon Amics egs, and dry fticks. Itis a great point of controverfie amongft their Divines,fome hold it lawfull, others unlawfull for that time;it feemsthe pricks and brifles of the Indian Hedge-hog prick their confciences with a foolith {cruple.Another kind of meat they feed much on which is called Iguana, of thefefomeare found in the waters, others upon theland. They are longer then a Rabbit,and like untoa Scor= pion, withfome green, fome black {cales on their backes. Thofe upon the land will run very fait, like Lizards, and will climbe up trees like Squerrils , and breed in the roots of trees or in ftone walls. The fight of hem is enough to affrightone; . and ‘ yet when they are dreffed and ftewed in broth with alittle fpice they make adainty broth A New Survey of. the VVelt-Indies. broth, and eat alfo as white as a Rabbit, nay the middle bone is made juit like the backe bone of a Rabbit. They are dangerous meat, if, not throughly boiled, andthey had almoftcoft mee my life for eating too much of them, not being ftewed enough. There arealfomany water and land Tortoi’s;which the Indians find out for themfelves, and alfo relifh exceeding well unto the Spaniards palate. As for drinking, the Indians generally are much givenuntoit; and drinke if they have no- thing elfe, of their poore and fimple Chocolatte, without Sugar or many compounds, or of Atolle, untill their belliesbee ready to burft, Butifthey can get any drink that will make them maddrunk, they will not give it over as long as a drop is left, or a penny remaines in their purfe to purchafe ite Among them(elvesthey ule to make fuch drinks as are in operation far ftronger then wimesand thefe they confeCtion in {uch great Jarres as come from Spain; wherein they put fome little quantity of water, and fill up the Jar with fome Melaflo’s,or juyce of the Sugar Cane,or fome hony for to fweeten ic; then forthe ftrengthning of it, they put roots and leaves of Tobacco, with o- ther kinde of roots which grow there, andthey know to bee {trong in operation, nay in fome places 1 have known where they have put ina live Toad,and fo clofed up the Jarre fora fortnight,or monethsfpace, till all chat they have pucin him, be throughly iteeped and thetoad confumed, and the drink well ftrengthned, then they open it,and call their friends tothe drinking of it, (which commonly they doein thenight time, left their Preift in the Towne fhould have notice of them in the day )which they never leave off, untill they bee mad, and ragingdrunke. Thisdrink they call Chicha,which ftinketh moft filthily,and certainly is checaufe of many Indians death,e(pecially where they ufethe toads poyfon with it.Once I was informed living in AZixes,0f a great meet- ing that was appointed in an Indians houfe;and I took with mee the Officers of Juftice ot the Town, cofearchthat Indians honfe, where I found foure Jarres of Chichs not yet opened, Icaufed them to be.taken out, and broken inthe ftreet before his doore, and the filthy Chicha to beipoured ont, which left fuch a ftinking fent in my noftrils, that wich che {mell ofit,or apprehenfion of its loathfomenefie, I fell to vomiting, and continued fick almofta whole week after. Now the Spaniards knowing this inclination of the Indians unto drunkennefle,doe herein much abufe and wrong them; though trueit is, there is a ftri& order, evento the forfeiting of the wine ef any one who fhall prefumeto fell wine in a Towne of Indians, withamony mul&befides. Yct forall this che bafer and poorer fort of Spaniards for their lucré and gaine contemning authority, will goe cut from Gaete- mala, tothe Townsof Indians about, and carry fuch wine to fell and inebriate the Natives asmay bee very advantagious to themfelves 3 for of one Jarre of wine, they will make two at leaft, confeéioning it with hony and water, and other ftrong drugs _ which arecheapto them, and ttrongly operative upon the poore and weak Indians heads, and this they will fell for currant Spanif> wine, with fach pint and quart mea- fures,as never were allowed by Juitice Order, but by themfelves invented. With fuch wine they foone intoxicate the poore Indians, and when they have made them drunk, then they will cheat chem more,making them pay double for their quart meafure; and when they fee they can drinke no more,then they will caufe them to ly downand fleep; and in themeane while will pick their pockets. This is acommon finne among thofe Spaniards of Guatemala, and much praGiled in theCity upon the Indians, when they come thither to buy orfell. Thofethat keepthe Bodegones (fo are called the houfes that fell wine, which areno better thena Chandlers fhop, for befides wine they fll Candles, Fith, Salt, Cheefe and Bacon )will commonly intice in the Iadians, and make them drunk, and then pick their pockets, and turne them out ‘of doores with blowes and ftripes, if they will not fairly depart. There was in Guatemala in my timeone of thefe Bodegoners, or fhopkeeper of wine and{mall ware, named Ioan Ramos; who by thus cheating and tipling poore Zedians (asit was generally reported) was worth two hundred thoufand duckates,and in my time gave with a daughter that was marri- ed, eight thoufand Duckats. No Indian thould paffe by his doore, but he would call him in, and play upon him asaforefaid. Inmy timea Spanifh Farmer, neighbour of mine inthe Valley of A/ixeo , chanced to fend to Guatemala his Indian fervants with half a dozen mulesloaden with wheat toa Merchant, with whom hee had agreed be- fore for the price, and ordered the money co bee fent unto him by his fervant(whom hee had kepe fix yeers, and ever found himcrufty) the wheat being delivered,and the money received (the which mounted to ten pound, fixteen fhillings, every mule car- rying A New Survey of the Weft-Indies. — 1458 rying fixbufhels, at twelve Rials a bufhel, as was then the price) the Indian with ano- ther Mate of his walking along the ftrests to buy fome {mall commodities, paffed by Iobn Ramos his hop, or Bodegon, who enticing him and his Matein, foone tripped up their heals with a lictle confeGtioned wine for that purpofe , and tooke away all his mony from the tagrufted Indian, and beat them out of his houfe,whothns drunk being forced to ride home,the Indian that had received the money, fell from his mule, and broke his neck; the other got home without his Mate, or money. The Farmer pro< fecuted Icha Ramos in the Court for his money,but Ramos being rich and abler to bribe, then the Farmer,got off very well, and fo had done formerly in almoft the like cafes, Thefe are but peccadillo’s amongthofe Spaniards, to make drunke, rob, anid occafion the poor Indians death , whofe death with them is no moreregarded nor vindicated, then the death of a fheep or bullock, that fallsinto a pit. And thus having fpoken of apparrell, houfes, eating and drinking, it remaines that I fay fomewhat of their civility, and Religionoft thole who lived under:the Government of ghe Spaniards. -From the Spaniards they have borrowed their Civill Government, and in all Townes they have one, or two Alcsldes, with more or leffe Regidores, (who are as Aldermen or Jurates as mongtt us) and fome Alguaziles, more or leffe,who are as Conftables,to execute the or- ders of the Aécalde,(who is a Maior )with his Brethren. In Towns of three or four hun- dred Families,orupwards,there are commonly two Alcaldes,{ix Regidores,two Algaa- ziles Maiors, -and fix under,or petty Alguaziles, And ifome Towns are priviiedged with an Indian Governour, whois above the Alcaldes and all the reft ofthe Officers. Thefe are changed every yeer by new election, and are chofen by the Indiazzs themfelves,who take their curnes by the tribes or kindreds,whereby they are divided. Their offices — begin on New-Yeers day, and after that day cheir ele&tion is carryed to the City of Guatersala (if in that diftri& it bee made) or elfe to the heads of Juftice, or Spanifb Governours of the feverall Provinces, who confirm the new Eleétion, and take account of the latt yeers expences made by che other Officers,who carry with them their Town- Book of accounts; andtherefore for this purpofe every Town hath a Clerk, or Scri- vener, called Efcrivano, whe commonly continueth many yeersin his office, by reafon of the paucity and unfieneffe of Indian Scriveners, who are able tobeare fuch acharge. This Clerk hath many fees for his writings and informations,and accounts, as have the Spaniards, though not fo much money or bribes,but a {mall matter, according to the poverty of the Indians. The Governour is alfo commouly continued many yeers, being fome. chief man among the Indians, except for his mi(demeanours hee bee complained of, or the Indians in generall doe all ftomack him. Wi Thus they being fetled in a civill way of government, they may execute juftice ups on all iuch Indians of their Town as doe notorioufly and (candeloufly offend. They may imprifon, fine,whip, and banifh,but hang and quarter they may not; but mutt re- mit fuch cafes to the Spanifh Governour. So likewife if a Spaniard pafling by the Town, or living init, doe trouble the peace, and mifdemean himfelf,: they may lay hold on him, and fend him to the next Spanifh Juftice, with a full information of his offence, butfine him, or keep himabout one night in prifon they may not.This order they have againft Spaniards,but they dare not execute it,for a whole Town ftandeth in awe of one Spaniard, and though hee neverfo hainoufly offend,and bee unruly, with oathes, threatnings, and drawing of: his fword, hee maketh them quake and tremble, and not prefumetotouch him; forthey know if they doe, they fhall havethe worft, either by blowes, or by fome mi(-iaformation, which hee will give againft them. And this hath been very often tried, for where Isdians haveby. virtue of their order’ in- deavoured tocurbean unruly Spaniardin their Town, fome of them have been woun- ded, others beaten, and when they have carritd'the Spaniard betore a Spanifh Jultice and Governour, heehath pleaded for what hee hath done, faying ic was in his ownedefence, or for his King and Soveraign, and that the ladiaus would have killed him, and began to mutiny all together againtt the Spasifb Authority, and Governé Ment, denyingto ferve him with what hee needed for his way and journey; that they would not bee flaves to give him or any Spaniard any attendance 3; and-that they would make an endof him, and of all the Spaniards. With thefe and fuch like falle and lying mi{-informations, the unruly Spaszards have often been beleeved, and too much up-. heldin their rude and uncivill mi(demeanors, and the Indians bitterly curbed , and punithed, and anf{wer made them imfuch cafes, that if they had been killed for their ! OQ mutiny 1 ee A New Survey of the W eft-Indies, mutiny and rebellion againtt the King, and his belt fubjets chey had beeneferved wel} enough ; and thaeifthey gave not attendance unto the Spaniard, ch.t pafled by their Town, their houles(houldbee fired, and they and their children utterly contumed, Wicd fuch like an‘wers from the Juftices, and credency ta what any bafe Spaniard (hall inform againftthem, the poore Indiansarefain to put up all wrongs done unto them, not daring to meddle with any Spaniard, bee hee never founruly , by virtue of that Order, which they haveagainft them. Amongtt chemfelves,if any complaint be made againtt anyIndian, they dare notmeddlewith hin-antill they call all his kindred, and elpecially che head of that Tribe, to which hee belongeth ; who if hee and the relt together, find him to deferve imprifonment, or whipping, or any ather punifhment : then the Officers of Juftice, the Alcaldes or Maiors, and their Brethren the Jurates in- fiét: upon him that punithment; which all fhall agree upon. But yee after judg- ment and fentence given, they have another, which istheir laft appeale, it chey pleate, and that is to their Priéiy and Fryer, who liveth in their Town, by whom they will. fometimes beejudged, and undergoe what puaifhment hee thall chink fitteft. To the Church therefore they often refort in points of Juttice, thinking the Preift knoweth moreof Law and equity, thenthemfelves ; who fometimes reverfeth what judgement hath beemgivenin the Town houfe,blaming the Officers for their partiality and paflion againft their poore Brother, andfecting free the party judged by them; which che Preift does oftentimes, if fuch an'ladian doebelong to the Church, orto the fervice of theirhoule,or have any other relationto them, peradventure for their wives fake, whom either theyaffe&, orimploy imwathing, or making their Chocolate, Such, and their husbands may live lawlefle as. long as the Preift is in che Town. And it when the Preift is abfent, they call them to triall for any mifdemeanor, and whip,fine, or imprifon, (which occafion they will fometimes pick out om purpole) when the Preift returnes, they hall bee fure to-heare of it, and:{mart for it, yea, and the Officers themfelves peradventure. bee. whippediin the Church, by the Preifis order and appoint- ment; againft whom they daremottpeake, but willingly accept what (vipes and pu-~ nifhasent hee layeth upon them, jadging his wifdomes fentence, and punithing hand, the wifdome, fentenceand hand of God; whomas they have been taught to: be over all Princes, Judges, worldly Officers, fo Hikewife they beleeve,(and have been. fo taught) that his Preilts and Mini(ters are above theirs, and all worldly power and authoricy. Ic happened unto meeliving inthe Town of Adixco, that an ladian being judged. to bee whipped for fome diforders,which hee committed,would not yeeld to the fentence,, but apealed to mee, faying hee wouldhave his ftripesim the Church, and: by my or- der, for fo hee faid his whipping would doe him good, as cosiming from the hand of God. When hee was brought untomee, FE could notreverfe tite Indias jodgment, for it wasjuit, and to cauled hin»te bewhipped,which hee tooke very patiently and: mer- vily, and after kifled my hands and gavemzean offering of mony for the good hee faid, L had doneunto his foulea Betides thiscivilicy af justice amonettthem,they live asin other Civill and Politick and well governed Common-wealths; for in mol of their Townes,theneare fome that profeffe fueh trades asiare pra&tifedamong Spaniardt, There are amiongitthem Smiths, Taylors, Carpenters, Mafons, Shaomakers > and the like. fc wat my fortuneto fet upona hard and. difficule building in a Ehurch of Mixcoy, wirere | defied to makeavery broad and capacions vault over the Chappell, which was the harderto bee finifhedin around circumference, becaueit depended up- ona sriangle, yet forthis work [I fought nonebut Indians, fomeaf the Town, fome from oth:r plae:s,vho made it fo compleat,that the bett & skilfullett workmen among the Spaniards hadenough to wonder atit. So are mott of their Churches vaulced on the top, and all by Indianssthey onely in my timebuilta new-Cloifter in the Town of Amstiian, which they finifhedwith many Arches of ftoneboth inthe lower walks and in the upper galleries, with as much perfection. asthe bet Cloitter of Guatemala, had before beene buile by the Spaniard, Were they more incouraged by the Spaniards, and taught better principles both for foule and body, doubtleffe they would among themf{elves make avery good Gommon-wealth. Forpainting they are much inclined to it, and moft of the pitures, and Altars of the Country Townes are their workmane fhip. In: moft of their Townes they have a Schoole, where they are taught to read, to fing,and fome towrite. To.the Church there doe belong acco rdingasthe Town is in bignefle, fo many Singers, and Trumpeters, and Waits, over whom the Preift bath one 4 New Survey of the Welt-Indies. one Officer,who is called Fifca’,he goeth with a white Staffe with a little SilverCroffe on the top to ‘reprefenttheChurch,and (hew that he is the PreiftsClerk and Officer. When any cafe is brought to be examined by the Preift, this Fifcall or Clerk executeth Jultice -by the Preifts Order.He muft be one that can read & Write, and is commonly the Mafter of Mafick. Heis bound upon the Lords Day and other Saints'dayes, to gather tothe Church! before and after Service all the yong youths, and maids, and to teach them the Prayers, Sacraments, Commandements, and other pointsof Catechifme allowed by the Church of Rome. Inthe morning hee and the other Muficians at the found of the Bell, are bound to come to{Church'to fing and offisiate at Maffe, which in many Townes they performe with Organs and other muficall Inftruments, ( ashath beene obferved before) aswell as Spaniards.’ So likewife at Evening at five of the clock they. are again to refort to the Church, when the Bell calleth, to fing Prayers, which they : call Completa’s; or Completory, with Salve Regina,a prayer to the Virgin Mary. This Fifcal isa great man in the Town, and beares more {way then the Majors, Jurates,and other Officers of Juftice, and when the Preift is pleafed , giveth attendance ‘to. him, goeth about hisarrants, appointech fuch as are to wait‘on him, when hee rideth out of Town. Both heeand all thatdoth belong unto the Church, are exempted from the common weekely fervice of the Spaniards, and from giving attendance to Tra= vellers, and from other Officers of Juftice. Bucthey aretoattend with their Waits, Trumpets,and Mufick, upon any great man or Preift that cometh to their Town,and to make Arches with boughes and flowers inthe ftreets for their entertainment. Befides thefe, thofe-alfothat doe belong unto the fervice-of the Preifts houfe, are priviledged from the Spaziards fervice. Now the Preift hath change of fervants by the week,who take their turnes fo, that they may havea weeke or two to {pare to doe their work. If itbeea great Town, hee hath three Cookes allowed him, (if a fmall Town,bue two) men Cookes who change their turnes, except hee have any occafion of feafting, then they allcome. So likewife hee hath two or threemore (whom they call Chahal ) as Butlers, who keepe whatfoever Provifion is in the houfe under lock and Key , and give to the Cooke whatthe Preift appointeth to bee dreffed for his dinner, or fupper;thefe keep the Table Clothes, Napkins, Dithes,and Trenchers,and lay the Cloth, and take = way, and wait at the Table; hee hath befidesthree or foure, andin great Towns half adozen of boyesto doe his arrants, waitat the Table, and fleepin the houfe all the week by their turnes, who with the Cookes and Butlers dine and fup conftantly in the Preifts houfe, and at hischarges. Hee hath alfo at dinner and {uppertimesthe atten= dance of fome old women (who alfotake their turnes) to overfee half a dozen yong maids, who next tothe Priefts houle doe meet to make him, and his family Tortilla’s or Cakes of Maiz, which the boyes doe bring hottothe Table by halfe a dozen at a atime, Befides thefe fervants, if hee havea Garden hee is allowed two or three gar- deners; and for his ftable, at leafthalfa dozen Indians, whomorning and evening are to bring him Sacate(as there they call it or herb and graffe for his Mules or Horfes, thefe diet notin the houfe ; but thegroomeof the ftable, whois to come at morning, noone, and Evening, (and therefore are three or foure to change) orat any time that the Preift willride out; thefeI fay and the Gardners (when they areat work ) dine and {up at the Priefts charges; who fometimesin great Townes hathtabove a dozen to feed and provide for. There are befides belonging to the Church priviledged from the weekly attendanceupon the Spaniards twoor three Indians, called Sacriftanes;who have care of the Veftry and Copes, and Altar Clothes, and every day make ready the Altar or Altarsfor Mafle; alfo to every Company or Sodality of the Saints, or Virgin, thereare two or three, whom they call Mayordomo’s, who gather about the Towne Almes for the maintaining of ‘the Sodality; thefe alfo gather Egges about the Town for the Preift every week, and give him an account oftheir gatherings, and al- low himevery moneth, or fortnight, twoCrownes for a Mafle to bee fung to the Saint. ? , _ If there be any fithing place neer the Town, then the Preift alfo is allowed for to feek him fifh three or fourey and in fome places halfa dozen Indians befides the offerings inthe Church, and many other offerings which they bring whenfoever they cometo fpeak unto the Preift, or to confeffe with him, or for a Saints featt to bee celebrated, and befides their Tithes of every thing, there is a monethly ‘maintenancein money al- lowed unto the Preift, and brought unco him _ Alcaldes,ox Maiors, and re - 2 whith: 147 ee 148 A New Suraey of tbe VVelt-Indies. (though it beallowed by the Spamifb magiftrate, and paidin the Kings name for the preaching of the Gofpel }) yet it comes out of the poor Indians purfes and labour,and is either gathered aboutthe Town, ortaken out of the Tribute, which they pay un- to the King, or froma common platof ground which with the help of all is {owed and gathered in and fold for that purpofe. Allthe Townes in America, which are civilized and under the Spanifb government, belong either to the Crowne, or to fome other Lords,whom they cal Encomendero’s,and pay a yeerly tribute unto them. Thofe that aretenantsto their Lords or Encomendero’s(who commonly arefuch as defcend from the firft conquerors )pay yet unto the King fome {mall tribute in mony , belides whatthey pay in other kind of commodities unto their owne Encomendero, and in mony alfo. There is no Town fo poor,where every married Indian doth not pay at the Jeaft in mony four Rialsa yeer for tribute to the King, befides other four Rials to his Lord,or Encomendero.And if the Town pay only tothe King they pay at lealt fix,and in fome places eight Rials by fratute, befides what other commodities are common to the Town or Country wherethey live, as Maiz,( thatis paid inall Townes ) heny, Turkeys, ‘fowles, falt, Cacao, Mantlesof Cotton-wool; and the like commodi- tics they pay who are fubje& to an Encomendero ; but fuch pay only mony, not com- moditiesto the King. The Mantles of tribute are much efteemed of, for they are choifeenes, and ot abigger fize,then others,folikewile is the tribute Cacao, Achictie, Cochinil, where it is paid; for the beft is fet apart for the tribute; andif the Indians bring that which is not prime good, they thall furely be lafthed, and fent backe for better. The heads of the feveral! Tribes have care to gather it, and to deliver it to the Alcaldes and Regidores, Maiorsand Jurates, whocarry iteither co the Kings Exche- quer inthe City, or to the neereft Spani(b Juftice ( if it belongtothe King) or to theLord, or Encomendero of the Towne. In nothing! ever perceived the Spazi- ards merciful] and indulgent unto the Judiaws, butin this, thatif an Indian bee very weak, poore, and fickly and not ableto work, or threefcore and ten yeers of age, he is freed from paying any tribute, There be alfo fome Towns priviledged from this tribute ; which are thofe that can prove themfelvesto have defcended from T lax: eallan, or from certaine Tribes or families of or about Afexica, who helped the fift Spaniards in the conquelt of that Country. As for their carriage and behaviaustthe Iadiaus are very courteous and loving, and of atimorous nature, and willing to ferve and to obey, and to doe goed,if they be drawnby love;but where they are too much tyrannized , they aredogged unwilling te pleafe, or to worke, and will choole rae ther ftrangling and death thenlife.’” They are very trufly, and never were known to commitany robbery of importance;fa that the Spaniards dare truft to abide with them ina wilderneffeall night, though they have bags of gold about them. So for fecresy they are very clofe; and will not reyeal any thing again their own Natives, ora Spa- niard4 credit and reputation, if they be any way afic&edtohim. But above all un- to their Preiftthey are very refpe&ive unto him ; and when they come to fpeak unto him; put on their beft clothes,ftudy their complements and words to pleafe him, They are very abundantin their expreflions,and full of circumloquutions adorned with pa- rables and fimile’s toexprefle their mind and intention. I have often fateftill for the fpace of anhoure, onely hearing fome old women maketheir {peeches unto me, with fo many elegancies in their tongue( which in Exgifh weuld be non-fenfe, or barbae rous expreflions ) as would make me wonder, and learne by their fpeeches more of their language, then by any other endeavour or ftudy of mineowne. And if Icould reply unto them in the like phrafes and expreflions ( which I would often endeavour ) I fhould be {ure to win their hearts, and get any thing from them, As for their Religi- on,they are outwardly fauchas the Spaniards, but inwardly hard to beleeve that which is abovefenfe,nature,and the vilible fight of theeyesand many of them tothis day doe incline to worfhip Idols of ftocks and ftonet,and.are given to much fuperftition,and to obferye croffe waics,and meeting of beafts in them,the flying of birds,their appearing andfinging neer their houfes at fuch andfuch times. Many are given to witchcraft, and are deluded by the devill to beleeve that their life dependeth upon thelife of fach and fuch a beaft ( which they take unto them as their familiar {pirit ) and think thac when that beatt dieth they muft die, when heischafed, their hearts pant, when he is faint they are faint 5 nay is happeneth that by the devils delufion they appear in the ape wii tv hdies. A New Survey of the Wett-l fhape of that bealt, ( which commonly by their choice isa Buck, or Doe, a Lion , or Tigre, or Dog,or Eagle ) and in that fhape havebeen fhot at and wounded, as I {hall fhew in the Chapter following. Andfor this reafon (as I came to underfand by (ome of them )they yeeld unto the Popifh Religion, efpecially to the worfhiping of Saints Images, becaufe they looke upon them as much like unto their forefathers Idols; and fecondly, becaufe they fee fome of them painted with Bealts ; as Hierom with a Lion; Anthony with an Affe, and other wild beafts, Domisick with a Dog, Bla witha Hog, Mark witha Bull, and Joba with an Eagle, they are more cofifirméd in their deluti« ons, and thinke verily thofe Saints were of their opinion, and that thofe beafts were their familiar fpirits, in whofe fhape they alfo were transformed when they lived, atid with whom they died, - All Indians are much affected unto thefe Popith Saints, bu efpecially thofe which are given to witchcraft,and out of the fmalneffe of their meang they will be fureto buy fome of thefe Saintsand bring them to the Church, that there they tay ftand and be worfhipped by them and others. T he Churches aretull of then, and they are placed upon ftanders gilded or painted, to be carried in proceffion upon mens fhoulders, upon their proper day.And from hence cometh no little profit to the Preilts ; for upon fuch Saints daies, the owner of the Saint maketh a great featt in the Towne, and prefenteth unto the Preift fometimes two or three, fometimes four or five crownes for his Mafle and Sermon, befides a Turkey and tlireéé or four fowls, with as much Cacao as will ferve to make him Chocolatte for all the whole Odave or eight daies following.So that in fome Churches,where there are at leaft fourty of thefe Saints Statues and Images, they bririg unto the Preift at leaft fourty pounds a yeet, The Preift therefore is vety watchfall over thofe Sairits daies, and (endeth warning before hand unto the Indians of the day of their Saint, that they may provide themfelves for thé better celebrating it both at home atid inthe Church. If they contribute net boun- tifully, then the Preift will chide,and thtearen that he will not preacli. Some Indians through poverty have been unwilling to contribute aiiy thing at all; orto folemnize in the Church and at his houfé hisSaints day, but then the Preift hath threatned to catt his Sairits tage out of thé Church, faying, that the Church ought not to be filled with fuch Saints as are unprofitable to foul aridbody,and that iti fuch a ftatues roont one may ftand; which may doe tore good by dccafioning a flethn celebration of oné day more iti the yeer.. So likewife if the Indian thac owed one of thofe images dié anid leave children ,they are to take care of that Saint as partof their inheritance, and. to provide that his day be kept; butif no fon, or heirs be left, ther the Preift callech | for the heads of the feverall Tribes, and for thechief officers of juttice, and maketh a foeech into them, wherein he deéclaréch that part of the Church ground is taken up ia vain by fuch an image, and his ftandér,without any profit either to the Preift,che Church,or the town,no heit or owner being left alive to proceed for that orp':an Saint, toowhe it; and that‘ in cafe they will not feek out who may take chargé'of him, and of his day, the Preift will not faffer him to fand idle in his Chtirch, like thofe whom our Saviour in the Gofpel rebuked , qwid bie flatis tora die otioft? for that they ftood idle inthe market all the day ( thefe very expreffions have I heard there from fome Fri érs) and therefore that he mult banith {ach a Saints pitturé out of the Church, and mult deliver him up before them into the Juftices hands to be kept by them in thé Town-honfé, dntill fach time'as he may be bought anid owtted by fome good Chriftt- an. The Indians when they hear thele expteffions, begin to feare, left fome judges ment may befall cheir Town for fuffering aSaint tobe excommunicated and caft oue of their Church, and therefore prefent unto the Preift fome offering for his prayers tn- tothe Saint, that he may doe them/no harmie; and defirehim to limit them'a cinieto bring Kim an anfwer for thie difpofing of that Saint(thinking it will provea difparage- ment and affront unto 'their Town,if what 6fce hath belonged to the Church, be now out, and delivered upto the fecular power +) arid that in chemiean’ time, they will find out fome good Chrittian, either of the néereft friends and kindredto him or them whofirft owned theSaint , or elf fome'ftranger, who'may buy that Saint of the Preift (if he continneinthe Church )or of the fecular power ( if hébe'caft out of the Church and délivered upunto them, which they are unwilling to yeeld to, having been taught of judgements in fuch’a cafe like'to befall then? Jand may by foniefpeedy feait and ‘folemnity appeafe the Saints anger towards them, for having beeen fo fleigh- ~ ted'bythe Towns “Alas poore Indians, what will'chey not be brought'unto by thofe | O03 ! Friers A Now Survey of the Welt-Indies. Friergand Preifts, who ftady nothing more than their own ends,and to enrich them- felves from the Church and Altar! their policies( who are the wife and prudent chil- drenof this world (poken of in theGofpel ) can eafily overtop and matter’ the fim- plicity of the poor Indians; who rather then they will bring an affront upon their Towne, by fuffering any of ‘their Saints to be caft out of their Church, or to be wich mony redeemed outof the fecular powers hands, will make haft to prefent unto him an owner of that orphan Saint, who for him fhall giveto the Preift not only what he may be prized to be worth in a Painters fhop forthe workmanfhip, gold and colours belonging to him; but befides fhall prefent him what before hath been obferved, for the folemnizing of his feaft, Thel The Farmerstowards the South Sea Coaft, cryed out'for that their Indigo’ which was thea in graffe, was like to beé eaten up; from the Ingehio’s of Sugar, the like moan was made,that the young and tender. Sugar Canes would bee deftroyeds but a- bove all grievous was the outcry of the husbandmen of the ‘Valley where I livedjwho feared: that their Corn would in one night be fwallowed ap by that devouring Legion: |The careofthe Magiftrate was that the Townes of Indians thould all goe 6ue into | the fields with Trumpets, and what other inftruments they had to make a noife; and fo to affright them from thofe places ‘which were nioft confiderable and profitablé to the Common- wealth ;° and flrange it was to fee how the loud noife of the Indians and founding of the Trumpets, defended fome fields fromthe feare and daiiger of them. Where they lighted in the’ Mountaines and High wayes, there they leftbehind them their young ones, which were found creeping upon the greund ready to threaten with a fecond’yeers plague’ f not prevented ; wherefore all the Townes were called with Spades Mattocks and Shovels to dig long Treiiches arid therein tobury all the young ones, : Bit Agee | a Thus with much trouble to the poore Indians’, andtheir great paines (yet after much hurt and lofein many places was that flying Peftilence chafed away out of the Country to the South Sea, whereit was thought to’ be¢confumed by che Ocean, and to have “found a grava iri the waters , whilit che young ones found itin the Land. Yet they were not all fo butied > bue that fhortly fome appeared, which not be- y : ing Sap a, _ ES Si ee ~ Ane of the VVelt-Indies, ing fo many in number as before were with the former diligence foon overcome. Buc whil& all this feare was, thefe outcries were made by the Country and — . this diligence performed by the Indians, the Preifts got well by it; for every where Proceffions were made, and Mafles fung for the averting of that Plague. In Afixco moft of the idols werecarryed to the field, efpecially the pictures of our Lady, and that of St. Nicolas Tolentine, in whofe name the Church of Reme doth ule to bleffelittle Breads and Wafers with the Saint ftamped upon them; which they thinkareable to defend them from Agucs, Plague, Pettilence, Contagion, or any other greatand imminent danger. There was {carce any Spanif Husbandman who. in this occafion came not from the Valley tothe Town of Adixco with his offering to this Saint, and who made not a vow to havea Maffefong unto Saint Nicola; they all brought breads to bee blefled, and carryed them back to their Farmes, fome cafting them intotheir Corn, fome burying themin their hedges and fences, ftrongly tru- fling in Saint Nicela, that his bread would havepower to keepe the Locuft out of their fields; and foatthelaft hole {fimple, ignorant, and blinded foules, when they faw the Locufts departed and their Corn fafe, cried cut to our. Ladyfome, others to Saint Nicolas, M agio, a Miracle, Judging the Sairit worthy of praife more then God, and performingto himtheir vows of Mafles, which in their feare and trouble they had vowed, by which erroneousand idolatrous devotion of theirs I got that yeerma- ny more Crownes then what before1 have numbred from the Sodalities. The nexc yeere following, all that country was generally infeCted with a kinde of contagious ficknefle,almoft as infeGious as the Plague, which they call Tabardillo, and wasa Fea~ ver inthe very inward parts and bowels, which fcarce continued tothe feventh day, but commonly tooke them away from the world toa gravethe the third or fifth day. The filthy fmell and ftench which came from them,which lay fick of this difeafe was f enough to infe& the reft of the houfe, and all that came to feethem; Itrotted their very mouths and tongues, and made them asblack as. coal before they died. Very few Spaniards were inteCted with thisContagion; bucthe Isdians generally were ta- ken withic. Jc was reportedto havebegun about Mexico, and tohave fpread from Town to Town, tilliccameto Guatemala, and went on forwards, and fo likewife did che Locutts the yeer before,marching asit were from A4exico over all the Country. 1 vifited many that died ofchisinfe&tion, ufingno other Antidote againft it » fave onely a handkercheif dipped in Vineger to fmell unto, and I thanke God I efcaped where “many. dyed. In Adixeo, I buried ninety young and old,and in Pinola above an hundred ; and for all thefechat were eight yeere old, orupwards,I received two Crownes for a Maffe for their foules delivery out of Pargatory. -See good Reader, whether the con- ceit of Purgatory have not been a maine policy of Rome to enrich the Preift and Clergy, with Mafle ftipends from fuch asdie,making them beleeve that nothing elfe can helpe their foules if once plunged into that conceited Gre; Where thou maift fee that onecon- tagious fickneffeintwo {mall Townes of Indians brought unto me in leffe then halfa -yeer neerea hundred pounds for Mafles,for almoft two hundred that died. Nay fuch is the greedy covetoulnefle ofthofe Preifts, that they will receive three or four Maffe ftipends for one day, makingthe people beleevethat the fame Mafle may bee offeredup for many, and doe one foule asmuch good asanother. Thus with the Plague of Lo- cufts, and the contagion of fickneffe,for the firtt two yeers together had I an occafion to enrich my félf, as did other Preifts my neighbours. Buc think not that becaufe fo many died, therefore the Towns growing leffe my offerings for the future were lefien- ed. The Encomendero’s or Lords.of the two Towns took care for that, who, that they might not lofe any part of that Tribute .which was formerly paid unto them , prefently after the ficknefle was ceafed, caufed them to bee numbred, and ( asI have in the Chapter before obferved), forced to marriage all that were twelve yeers and up- wards of age; which alfo was a new, ftreame of Crownes flowing into my bagees:for from: every couple that were married I had al(o two Crownes befides other offerings, and inboth the Towns, I married in that occafion above fourefcore Couple.» Truly by all chis,1 chank the Lord, I was more ftrengthened in my conceit againft che Charch of Rome, and notwith chat greedineffe of that Lucre intifed tocontinue in it, though I found the preferments there farregreaterthen any might bee in’ the Church of Ene gland, where I knew nothing was to. bee got. with finging, or hudling over a Mafle;: But yet though forthe prefent my profit. was great, my eyes were open to fee the ers sours whereby ehatprofit came fo plentifully to mee, and to all that crew of Idola-, . trous ge ees IE : ag , hoe Survey A New Sur vey of the Welt-Indies. | trous Preifts; The judgmen:s ceafed not here if chat Country in my time; bue after this contagion there was fuch an Inundation of rain that the husbandmen feared again the lofle of ali their Corn. At noonetime thedarke clouds for a month together be- gan to thicken and cover the face of the heavens, powring down fuch ftormy thowres as {wept away much Corn, and many poore Cottages of Indians; befides theraine, — the fiery thunder bolts breaking through the clouds threatned a dolefull judgement to alltheCountry. In the Valley of A4ixcotwo riding together were ftricken dead from their Mules, the Chappelof our Lady of Carmel in the fame valley was burnt totheground, and likewife twohoufes at the river of Vacas. In Petapa another flafh of lightning, or thunderbole fell into the Church upon the high Altar,cracking the wallsin many places, running from Altar to Altar, defacingall the gold, and lea- ving aprintand ftamp where it had gone without any more hurt. In the Cloifter of the Francifcans in Guatemala, a Frier fleeping upon his bed after dinner, was ftricken dead, his body being left all blacke as if it had been buent with fite, and yet no figne of any wound about him. . Many accidents happened that yeer which was 1632. all about the Cotintrey. But my felfe was by the fate protetion of the Almighty won- | derfully faved ; for being on a Saturday at night in AZixco trembling and fearing,and yet trufting in my God, and praying unto him inmy chamber, one flath of light- ning or thunderbolt fell clofe to the Church wall to which my chamber joyned, and killed two Calves, which were tied to.a pott in a yards to be flaughtered the next mar- ning. Thelightning was fo neer and terriblethat it feemed to have fired all my houfe, and ftrucke me downe unto the ground, where I lay asdead for agreat while; when T came again to my felf,! heard many Indians about my houfe,who were come to fee if either it or the Church were fet on fire. This ftormy feafon. brovght me alfo much profit, for (as formerly ) the Spaniards of .the valley and the Indians betooke them= felves to their Idol Saintscarrying them about in proceffion s which was not doné without mony, which they call cheir almes unto their Saints, that they may the bet- ter be heard and intreated by thems. oT ass cikens oe, The fummer following there was miére then the ordinary earthquakes, which were (o great that yeer in the Kingdome of Perz, that a whole City called Traxillo was {wallowed up by theearth which opened it felfe,: and almoft, all the people were Jott, whilft they wereat Chorch worthiping and praying unto their Saints. The hure they did about Guatemala wasnot fo much asin ether places, only fome few mud walls were thaken downe, and fome Churches cracked which madethe people fear and betake themfelves again to their Saints, and empty'their purfes before them for - Mafles and proceffions, left the danger fhould prove as great, as was that of che great earthquake which happened before my coming into that Country. Thefe earthquakes when they begin are more often, thenlong, for they laft but for awhile, ftir ring the earth with three motions, firftonthe one fide, then on the other, and with the third motion they feem to fet it right againe, \ If theyfhould continue, they would doube- leffe hurle downe to the ground any fteeple or building though never fo great; and ftrong. Yet at this time in A/ixcofome were fo violent , that they made the fteeple bend fo much that they made the bells found. was fo ufed unto them that many times in my bed I would not ftir for them. Yet this yeer they brought me to fuch a. feare, that had not the Lord been a prefent refuge to me in time of trouble I had utterly been undone. For being onemorning in my chamber ftudying, fo great and fuddain: was an earthquake, thar it made me run from my tableto a window, fearing that before I could get down the ftaires, the whole houfemight fall upon my head, the window was in athicke wall vaulted upwards likean arch (which the Spaniards hold to be the fafelt place if a houfe fhould tall ) where I expe&ted nothing butdeath; as foonas I gotunderit , the earthquake ceafed, though my heart ceafed not to quake with the fuddain affrightment. Whilft | wasmufing and thinking what to doe, whether I fhould run downe tothe yard, orcontinue where I was, therecamea fecond thaking worfe then the firt. I thought with my felfeif the houfe fhould fall,, che Arch would not fave my life, and that I (hould either be ftifled or throwne outof the - window, which wasnotvery low and neer unto the ground, but fomewhat high wide apen, having no elafle cafementtsbut woodden fhuts,( fuch as there are ufed and if leaped out of the window, I mightchance to breakealeg, or alimbe, yet fave my life, The, faddainnefl: of the aftonifhment tooke frome the belt and moft maturedeliberation in tee A New Survey of the VVelt-Indies. in fuch a cafe;and in the midit of thefe’y troubled and perplexed thoughts a third mo= tion came as violentas the former, wherewith I had now fet one foot in the window to leap down, had not the fame Lord(to whom David faidin the 46 P/. v.2. Therefore will not wee feare , thoughthe earth bee moved ) by his wonderfull providence {poken both to mee and tothe moving earth, faying as inthe 10. Verfe , Bee ftil) and know that amI God ; forcertainly had it gone onto a fourth motion,] had by cafting down my felf broke either my neck, or a Repge.or fome otherjoynt. Thus was I twice faved by my good God in Adixco, and in Pinole I was once no leffe in danger in lofing a leg by means of afmaller inftrument then isa flea. | This Towne of Pinolain the Indian language is called Panac; Pan, fignifieth in, or amongft, Cac , fignifieth three thinges; for it fignifieth the fire, or a fruit: others wife called guiava ; or thirdly, a {mall vermine , commonly called by the Spaniards, Nigua ; which iscommon over all the India’s, but more in {ome places then in others, Where there are many hogs, there is ufually much of this fort of vermine. The Spa- niards report that many of theSouldiers of Sir Francis Drake dicd of them, when they landed about Nombre de Dios, and marched up the high Mountaines of St, Pablo towards Paxama, who feeling their feet to itch, and not knowing the caufe thereof, {cratched them fo much, till they feftred, and atlaft, (if this report be true)coft them their lives, Some fay, they breed in all places, high and low, upon Tables,Beds,and upon the ground ; but experience fheweth the contrary, that they onely breed upon the ground, for where the houfesare ‘fluttith, and not often fwept, there commonly they aremoft felt; andin that they ufually getinto the Feet and Shooes, and-feldome into the hands or any other part of the body, arguesthat they breed upon the ground. They are leffe then the leaft Flea, and can {carce bee perceived, and when they enter in- tothe Foot,they make it burn anditch ; and ifthen they bee looked to, they appeare black,and no bigger then the point ofa pin, and witha pin may eafily bee taken out whole; but if part of them bee left, the fmalleft pare will doe as much harm as the whole , and will get into the ficfh. Whenonce they are got in, they breed a little bagge in the fieth,and in ita greatmany Nits; which increafe bigger and bigger to the bigneffe of a great Pea; then they begin againto makethe Foot itch, which i it be {cratched, falleth to feftering,and.fo indangereth the wholeFoot, Some hold it beft to take them out when they caufe the firlt itching and are getting in; but this is hard todoe, becaufe they can hardly ‘then bee perceived, and ithey are apt to bee broken. Therefore otherscommonly Jet them alone,untill they bee got into the flefh, and have bred a bag with nits, which like'ablifterfheweth it felf through the skinne, and then With the point of a pin, they dig round about the bag, till they can with the pins point take ic out whole, it it bee broken,it comesto breed againe; if ic beetaken out whole, then they put in a licele Eare wax, or athes where the bag lay, and with thatthe hole is healed up againein aday or two.) The way to avoid this vermines entering into the foot,is to lay both fhoos and fttocking’s,or whatfoever other clothing upon fome {tool or chair high from the ground, and not to go bare-foot;which yet is wonderfull in the In- dians them(elves, that though they cmmonly doe gce barefoot, yet they are feldome troubled with them, which is attributed tothe hardneffe of their skin; for certainly were they as teader footed and skinned as are thofe that wear both hoos and ftockins, they would be as much troubled with them as thefe are .Pancac or Pinola,is much fubje& to this Verminjor Nigua, and I found it by wofull experience, for at my firft comming thither not knowing well the quality of it,I let one breed folong in my foot, and conti- nued fcratching it,untill my footcame to be fo feftered,that I was fain tolietwo whole months in a Chirargions hand, and at !aft through Gods great mercy and gocdneffe to me | lolt not a Limbe:But that the Providence of Ged may be known to me the wortt of allhis Creatures, living in fo farrea Country from all my friends, and from.me may be related unto futureGenerations, before I conclude this Chapter, I fhall further thew both my dangers and deliverances. Though true it is, moft of the Indians are but for- mally Chriftians, and onely outwardly appear fuch, but fecretly are given to witchcraft and idolatry, yet as they were under my charge, I thought by preaching Chrift unto them, andby cherifhingthem, and defending them from thecruelty of the Spaniards I might becter worke upon them to bring themto more knowledge of fome truths, at leaft concerningGod and Chrift. Thereforeas I found them truely loving, kind and bountifull unto mee, fo Lindeavoured in all occafions to thew them love by commife- rating Luigi rating their fufferin keeping conttantly thelike) which J comfort them, had almoftin had certainly dyed. of Guatemala, Wwne to aid and affift mee; Spaniard perceiving himéelfe difcovered left the To ghe of fecu- ring of my felf better, and called fora Blackmore Miguel Dalva a very ftout and lufty fellow who lived from mee halfe a mile, to bee about mee untill Icould difcover more Of Montenegroes defignes and malicious intents. The next Sabbath Day in the morn- ing being to ride to the Town of Mixeo, V carried my Blackmore, and half a dozen of Indiansin my company, and going through a little wood in the midit of the Vale ley, there] found my enemy waitingformee, who feeing the train Lbrought, durft doe nothing, but gave mee {pightfull languages, telling mee hee hoped that hee thould _ finde mee alonefometimeor other. With this Ithought fit to delay no longer my fe- cond complaint to the Prefident againtthim, who as before heard mee willingly, and after a moneths imprifonment banifhed Montenegro thirty leagues from the Valley.And not onely from Spaniards was Tin danger for the Indians fake whilf T lived in thofe Townes but alfo from fome Indians themfelves, ( who were falfeini Religion ) I did undergoe great perils, and yet was ftill delivered. : | | In Pinola there were fome, who were much given to witchcraft, and by the powerof the Devill did a& ftrange things. Amongft the reft there was oneold woman named Martha de Carrillo,who had been by fome of the Town formerly accufed for bewitching manysbutthe Spanifh Juttices quitted her,finding no fure evidence againft hers with this fhe grew worfe and worfe,and did much harm.When I was therestwo or threedyed, wi= thering away,declaring at their death that this arrillo had killed them, & that they faw her often about their beds,threatning them with a frowning and angry look, The Indi- ans for feare of her durt riot complain againft her,nor meddle with her ; whereupon J fent word unte Don Juan de Guzmanche Lord of that Town, that if hee tookenot order - with her,fhe would deftroy his Town.He hearing of it, got for mee a’ Commiflion from the Bithop and another officer of the Inquifition tomake diligent & private inquiry after her lifeand a&ions;which I did,and found among the Indians thany and grievous com: plaints againft her,moft of the town affirming that certainly the was a notorious witch, and that before her former accufation {hee was wont whither foever thee went about | the Town to goewith a Dack following her, which when thee came to the Churchs would ftay at the doore till thee came out again,and then would return home with her, which Duck they imagined was her beloved Devill; and familiar Spirit, for that yal a | ANéw urvey of bs Viel Indies. had often fet dogs at her and they would not meddle witi her, but rather run*away from her, This Duck never appeared more with her, fince fhe was formerly accufed be- fore the Juftice,which was thought to be her policy,that fhe might beno more fufpected thereby. This old woman was a widow,and of thepooreftof the Townin outward {hew,and yet {he alwaies had ftore of mony which none could tel which way fhe might come by it.Whilft I was thus taking privy information againft her(it being the timeof Lent, when allthe Town came to Confeflion fhe among the teft came to the Church to confefie her fins, and brought me the beft prefent and offering of all the Towne,for whereas a Riall is common (he brought me four, and befidesa Turkey, egs, fifh, and a littlebottleof hony. She thought thereby to get with mea better opinion then I had of her from the whole Towne; Laccepted of her great offering, and heard her Confeffion, which was of nothing but trifles, which could fcarce be judged finfull ations. I examined her very clofe of what was the common judgement of all the Indians, and efpecially of thofe who dying had declared to my felfe at their death that fhe had bewitched them, and before their fickneffe had threatned them, and in their ficknes appeared threatning them with death about their beds,none but they themfelves fecing her. To which fhe replyed weeping, thatfhe was wronged ; lasked her,how fhe being a poore widow without any fonstohelpe her, without any meanes of lively- hood had fo much mony, as to give me more then the richeft of the Town, how the came by that fifh, Turkey, andhony, having none of this of her owne about her houfe? to which the replyed, that God loved her and gave her all thefe things, and - that with her mony fhe had bought the reft. Laskedher of whom ? fhe anfwered that out of the Towne fhe hadthem. I perfwaded her muchtorepentance, and to for- fake the Devill andall fellowfhip with him; but her words and anfwers were of a Saintly and holy woman; and fheearneftly defired me to give her the Communion with the reft that were to receive the next day. Which I told her I durft not doe, ufing Chrifts words,Give not thechildrens bread unto dogs,nor caft your pearls unto (wine; and that ic would bea great {Candall to give the Communion unto her, who was fu- {peed generally,and had been accu(ed for a witch.T his fhe took very ill telling me that fhe had many yeers received the Communion, and nowinher old age it grieved het to bedeprived of ic;. her teares weremany, yet I could notbe moved with them,but refolutely denied her the Communion, and fo difmiffed her. At noone when I had done my workeinthe Church, I bad my fervants goe to gather up the offerings, and gave order to have the fifh dreffed for my dinner which fhe had broughts but no foo- ner was it carried into the Kitchin,when the Cook looking on it found it fill of mag~ gots, and{tinking, fothat] wasforcedto hurle it away. Withthat J began to fuf- &my old witch; and went tolooke on herhony, and powring it out into adifh, I found it full of wormes, her egs.1 could not know from others, there being neer a hundred offered that day ; but after as Iufed them, we found fome rotten, fome with dead chickens within; the next morning the Turkey was found dead; as for her four Rials,I could not perceive whether the had bewitched them out of my pocket,for that I had put them with many other,which that day had been given me,yetas far asI{could, I called to memory whoand what had been given me, and in my judgement and recko- ning I verily thought that I miffed four Rials.Atnight when my fervants the Indians were gonetobed, J fate up latein my chamber betaking my felfeto my bookes and ftudy, for I was the next morning to make an exhortation to thofe that received the Communion. After I had ftudyed a while, it being between ten and eleven of the clock , ona fuddainthechiefdocr in the hall.(wherein a lower roome was my cham- ber, and te fervants, and three other doores ) flew open, and I heard onecome in, and fora whilewalke about; then wasanother doore opened which wentintoa lit- tle room,where my faddles were laidi, with this Iithoughtit mightbe the Black-more Miguel Dalva, who would often come late to my houfe tolodge there, efpecially fince my fear of Adontenegro,and | conjeGured that he was laying up his faddle ,{ called uns to him by his nametwo or threetimesfrom within my chamber, but no anfwer was made;but fuddainly another door that went.out to agarden flew alfo open,wherewith I began within to feare, my joynts trembled, my haire ftood up, I would have called out to thefervants, andmy voice was.as it were {topped with the fudden affright- ment, I began to chinke of thewitch, and pucmytruft in God againft her, and ne- couraged my felfe and voice calling out to the fervants, and knocking with. a cane at my A NewS urvey of the Welt-Indies. e 169 my doore within that they might heare me, for I durft not’open it and goe out.With thenoife which I made the fervants awaked and came out to my chamber doore; then Topenedit, and asked them if they had not heard fome’body in the hall, and all the doores opened, They faidthey were afleep, and heard nothing, onely one boy faid he heard all, and related untome the fame that Ihadheard. Tcooke my candlethen in my hand and went out into the hall with them to view thedoors, and I found them all fhut, as the fervants faid’they had left chem. Then I perceived that the witch would have affrighted me, but had no power to doe me any harme; Imadetwoof the fer- vants liein my chamber, and wenttobed. In the‘morning early Ifent for my Fifeal ‘ theClerk of the Church , and told him what had-bappened that night; ‘he {miled ‘upon me,and told me it was the widow Carillo,who had otten played (uch tricks in the Town with thofe that had offended her, and therefore he had the night before’come ‘unto me from her defiring me to give her the Communion, left fhe fhould doe mefome hurt,which I denied anto him,as I had done to her felfe. The Clerk bad me be of good cheere, for he knew the had no power over me todo me any hurt, After the Communi- on that day fome of the chief Indians came unto me,and toldmethatold Carifo had boafted that fhe would play me fome trick or other, becaufe | would not give her the Communion. ButIto rid the Towne of fuch alimbe of Satan, fent her to Guste= mala, with allthe evidences and witneffes which 1 had found againft her unto the Prefident and Bifhop, whocommanded her to be putin prifon,where the died within two months, Many more I#diaus there werein that Town,who were faid in my timeto doe very ftrange things. One called Fobn Gonzalez was reported to change himfelfe into the fhapeof aLion, atid in that fhape was one day fhot in the nofe by a poore harmeleffe Spaniard who chiefly got his living by going about the woods and mountaines, and fhooting at wild Deer and other beafts to make mony of them. He efpicd one day a Lion, and having no other ayme at him but his {nout behind atree, hefhot at him 3 the Lion runaway 3 thefame day this Gonzalez was taken fick, I was fent for to hear his Confeffion, I faw his faceand nofeall bruifed, and askedhim how it came, heteld me then chat be had fallen froma tree and almoft killed himfelf, yet afterwards he accufed the poore Spaniard for {hooting at him; thebulinefle was examined by a Spani(b Juttice, my evidence was taken for what Gonzalez told me of his fall from a tree, the Spaniard was put to his oath, who fware that he thot at a Lion in a thicke wood, where an Indian could {carce be thought to have any bufinefle, the tree was found out inthe wood, whereat the fhot had been made and wasftill marked with the {hot and bullet;which Goxxalez confefled was to be the place,and was examined how he neither fell nor was feen by the Spaniard, when he came to feeke for the Lion think- ing he had killed ; to which heanfwered thathe ran away left the Spaniard fhould kill&imindeed. But his anfwers feeming frivolous, the Spaniards integrity being known, and the great fufpicion that was in the Town of Gonzalez his dealing with the Devill, cleared the Spaniard from what was laid again him. a oe But this was nothing to what after happened to one Fobn Gomez,the chickelt Indian of that Towne of neer tourfcore yeers of age, the Head and Ruler of the principalleit Tribe among the Indians, whofe advife and counfell was taken and preferred before all the reft, whofeemed tobea very godly Indian, and very feldome miffed morning and evening prayers in the Church,and had beftowed great riches there. This Indian very fuddainly wastaken fick (1 being chen in my other Town of Adixco) the Mayord: mos, or ftewards of the Sodality of the Virgin fearing that he mighr die without Confeffi- on and they be chid for their negligence,at micnighte called me up at Adixco,defiring meé to goeprefently and helpe Fobn Gom:xto dies whom alfo they (aid defired much to fee ‘me and to receive {ome comfort fromme, I judging ic a work of charity; alchough the time of the night were unfeafonable, and the great rain at the prefent might have - ftopped my charity, yet I would not behindred by either of them,and {6 fet forth to r ide nine miles both in the dark and wet. When l came to Pinola being thorow wet to the skin,I went immediately to the houfe of old fick Gomez, who lay with his face all muffled up,thanked me formy pains and care I had for his foul; he defired to confef-; _and by his confeflion and weeping evidenced nothing but a godly life, and a willing defire to die andto be with Chrilt.I comforted him and prepared him for death, and before { departed,asked him how he felt himfelfe;he anfwered that his fickneffe was nb- 3 Oo thing | ANew Survey of. she VV lata, Hed 0% nothing but old age, and weaknefle. With this I wentto my houfe, changed my felf and lay downea while to reft, when fuddainly I was called up again to give Gomez.the extream un&tion,: which the Indians ( as they have been ignorantly caught ) will not omit to receive before they die, Asl anointed him in his nofe, hislips, hiseyes, his hands and his feet, I perceived that he was{welled,and black and blew; but made no- thing of it, judging it to proceed fromthe ficknefle of hisbody; J went again home being now breake of theday , whenafter I had taken afmall nap, fome Indians come tomy deore for to buy candles to offer up for Jobr Gomez: his foule , whom they told me was departed, and was that day to be buried very folemnly at Maffe.. I arote with droufie eyes after fo unquict anightsreft, and walkedtotheChurch, where I fawthe grave was preparing. I met withtwoor three Spaniards who lived neer the Towne and werecometo Mafle that morning, who wentin with me to my chamber, and with them I fell intodifcourfe about Fobn Gomez, telling them what comfort { had received at his death, whem judgedto have lived very holily, and doubted not of his falvation, and that the Towne would much wanthim, for that hee was cheir chief guide, and leader, ruling them with good advife and counfell. At this the Spaniards {miled one at another, and told me I was much deceived by all the Indians , but efpecially by the deceafed Gomez, if Ijudged himto have been a Saint, and holy man. Itold them that they asenemies tothe poore Indians. judged ftill uncharicably of them ; but that I who knew very well their confciences,could judge better of them thenthey. Onethenreplycd, thatit feemed I little knew the truth of 7ubs Gomez his death by the Confeflion which he had made unto me,and that I feemied to be ignorant of the ftir which wasin the Towne concerning his death. This feemed fo ftrange unto ‘ me, that I defired them toinforme me of the truth, Then they told me that the re- port went,that Fobn Gomez was the chief wizard of all the wizards and witches inthe Town,. andthat commonly he was wont to be changed into the fhape of a Lion, and fo to walkeabout the mountaines.. T hat he was ever a deadly enemie to one Sebaftian Lopez an ancient Iedian, and head of another Tribe; and that both of them two daics before had metin the mountaine, Gomezin the fhape of aLion, and Lopez in the thape of a Tigre, and'that they fought moft cruelly, till Gomez(who was the ol- der, and weaker) wastired,, much bit and broiled; and died of ic. And furtherthat I might be aflured of. this truth, they told me that Lopez was-in prifon for it, andthe two: Tribes ftriving about it,;and that the Tribe and kindred. of Gomez, demanded from Lopez.and his Tribe and kindred fatisfattion,and a great fumofmony,or els did threa- tento make the cafeknown untothe Spanif power and authority,which yet they were unwilling to doeif they could agree and {mother it up among'themfelves, that they might not bring an afperfion upon their whole Towne. This feemed very flrange un- tome,and I could not refolve what to beleeve, and thought I would never more be- leeve an Indian, if Ifound Fobn Gomezto have fo much diflembled and deceived. me. Lrooke my leave of the Spaniards and went my felfe tothe prifon, where lfound Los pez with fetters, Icalled oneof the officers of the Towne, who was Alguazil Maior, and my great friend, untomy houfe, and privately examined him why Lopez was kept foclofe prifoner; he was loth'totell me fearing the reft of the Indians, and ho- ping the bufinefle would be taken and agreed by the two Tribes, and not noifed about the Country which at that very inftant the ewo Alcaldes.and Regidorgs, Maiors and Jurates, with thechiefe of both Tribes were fitting about in the Towne-houfe all thatmorning. But] feeing the officer fo timorous,was more defirous to know fome~ thing, and preffed more upon him for the ruth, giving him an inkling of what. | had heard from the Spaniards before. . To which he anfwered that if they could agree a- -mongft them(elves, they féared no ill report from the Spansards againtt their Towne,1 told him I muft know what they were agreeing upon amongft themfelves{o clofely in the Towne-houfe. Hetoldme, if I would promife him tofay nothing of him(for he feared the whole Towneif. they fhould know he had revealed any thing unto mee} he wouldtel me the truth. With this 1 comforted him, and gave hima,cup of. wine,and encouraged him,warranting him that no harm fhoald comeunto him for what he told me. Then he related the bufinefle unto meas the Spaniards had done, and told me‘that he thought the Tribesamongft themfelves would not agree, for that fome of Gomex his friends hated Lopex and all fach:ae were fo familiar with the Devill; and cared not if Gomez his diffembling lifewere laid-open to the world ; but others he faid, who | were A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. were as bad.as Lopez and Gomez, would have it kept clofe, left they and all the wie- ches and Wizardsofthe Town thould bee difcovered. This ftruck mee to tné very heart, to think that I fhould live among {uch people, whom I faw were {pending all they could geeby their worke and ‘labour upon the Church, Saints and in Offerings, and yet were fo privy to thecounfels of Satan; it grieved mee that the Word I preached untothem, did no more good, and I refolved from that time forward to {pend moft of my indeavours againft Satans fubtility,and to fhew them more theri I haddone, the great danger of their foules who had made any compa& wich the Devill, chat I might make them abandon and abjure his workes, and clofe wich Ghrift by Faich, IF dit miffed the Indian, and went to the Church, to fee if the people were come to Mafle; I found there no body but onely two who were making Gomez his Grave. I went back to my Chamber, troubled much within my felf, whether! thould allow hima - Chriftian Buriall, who had lived and died fo wickedly, as I had been infortned. Yee I thought was not bound to beleeve one Indian againtt him,nor the Spaniards,whom I fuppofed {poke but by hearfay.Whilft I was thus mufing, there came unto mee at leatt twenty of the chiefeit of the Town with the two Majors, Jurates,and all the Officers of Juttice, who delired mee to forbeare that day the burying of Fob2 Gomez, for that they had refolved to call a Crowne Officer to view his Corps and examine his death, left they all thould beecroubled for him; and heé againe unburied, 1 madé as if I knew nothing,but inquired of chem the reafon; then théy related all unto me,and told me how there were witnefles inthe Town whofaw aLyonand a Tyger fighting,and prefently loft the fight of the beafts, and (aw Fobn Gomez,arid Sebaftian Lopez, much about the fame place parting one from another;arid that immediately John Gomez canie home bruifed to his bed, from whence he never rife more,and that he-declaredupon his deach-bead unto fome of his friends that Sebaftian Lopez had killed him; whereupon they had him in fafe cuftody.Further they told methat though they had never known fo much wickednefle of thefe two chief heads of their Towne whom they had much refpeéted and followed,yet now upon this occafion, froth the one Tribe and the cther they were certainly informed that both of themdid conftantly deale with the Devill, which would bee a great afperfion upoh their Town , but they for their parts abjured all fuch wicked wayes,and prayed me not to conceive theworle ofall fora'tew, whom they were refolved to perfecute, and faffer noc ‘to’ liveé'amoneft them. I told. them I much liked their good zeal, andincouraged them’ as good Chriftians tondtavourthe rooting out of Satan from their Towne, and they did véry well in giving notice to _ Guatemala, tothe Spanifo power,of this accident, and thatif they. had concealed it they might all have been punifhed as guilty of Gitwz his death, and Agents with Satan, and his inftruments, I affured them I had no ill conceipt of them,but rather judged well of them for what they were agreed to doe. The! Crowne Officer was fént for who came that night and fearched Gomez his bodys I wagprefeht with him; and found ic all Bruifed, {cratched, andin many places bitten ahd fore wounded. Many eviden- ces and {ufpitions werebrought inagainft Lepex by’ the Indians of the Town, efpeci~ all by Gomez his fiiends, whereapon hee wascarryéd away to Gastemala, and there againe was tryed by thefame witnefles, and not much denying the fa& himéelf, was there hanged. And Gomez, though his grave was opened in the Church, Kee wasnot buried in ic,butin another madeready for himin a Ditch. DOLRCM EOL OOH. _ In Mixcol found alfo fome Indians no leffe diflemblersthen was this Gomes, and thofe of the'chiefelt and richeit of the Town,who were fouire Brothers called Frentes, and halfa {core more. Thefe were outwardly very faire tongued, liberal ,. and free handed tothe Church, ‘much devoted ‘td theSaints, great featters upon their day ; and yetin fecret great Idolaters. Butit pleafed God tomtake mee hig in@rument, to difcover and bring to light the fécrecy of their hidden works of darknefle;which icfeema the privacy of a thick Wood and Mountaine had many yeers hid from the eyes of the orld. Some of thefe being ohé day inthe company of other better Chriftians drink+ ing hard of their Chichs,boafted of their God, faying that hee had preached unto them better then I could preach, nay that hee had plainly told them thatthey fhould not beleeve any thing that I preached of Chrift; but follow the old wayesof their Forefa= thers, who worthipped their Gods aright; but now by the example of the Spamiands they were deluded, and ‘brought to worfhip a falfeGod. Fhe other Chriftianshear= ing of this began to wonder; and to enquireof them wherethat God was, and with, Q:3 | much much ado,promifing to follow their ways,and their God,got out of them the place and Mountain where they might find him. T hough thisin drunkennes were agreed upon,yet in fobernes the good Chriftians thought becter of what they had agreed upon, flighted what before in drinking they heard, and yet it was not kept by them foc]ofe,but that it came to the ears of a Spaniard in the Vally;who finding himfelf touched in Confcience, came to Mixes to me,and told me what he had heard,that fome Indians of that town fol- lowed an Idol,and boatted that he had preached unto them again{t my DoGrine,and for che waysofthe former Heathens,I thanked God for that he was pleafed to undermine the fecret works of Satan daily:and defired the Spaniard to tell me by whomheecame to know of this.He told me the Indians name from whom he had it, and that he was afraid to difcover the Indians, andto tellmee of it. I fent for the Indsan before the Spaniard, who confefled unto mee that hee had heard of fuch athing; but knew that if hee did difcover the Indians, they with the power of the Devill would doe him much harm, Itold him, if hee wereatrue Chriftian, hee ought to fight againft the Devill, and not to feare him,whocould do him no harm if God were with him,and he clofed by Faith with Chrift, and thatthedifcovery of thatIdoll might bee a meanesfor the convert- ing of the Idolaters, when they-fhould {ee the fmall power of their fale God againtt the true God of the Chriftians. Further Itold hin»plainly, that if hee did not tell mee who the Indians were, and where their Idol was,that I would have him to Guatemala, and there make him difcover what heeknew. Herethe Ivdianbeganto tremble, and told mee the Faentes had boaited of fuch an Idol,whom they called their God, and gave fome fignesofa Fountaine and of a Pine Tree at the mouth ofa Cavein fuch a Moun- taine. Lasked him, if hee knew theplace, or what kind of Idol itwas; heetold mec, that hee had often been in that Mountaine,, where hee had feen two or three {prings of water, but never was in any Gave.Lasked him if he would goe with me, and helpe mee to find it out, heerefufed ftill fearing she Idolaters,and wilhed mee not togoe, for fear if they thould bee there, they might kill mee rather then bee difcovered. I anfwered him that Lwouldcarry, with mee iuch,a-Guard asfhould bee able to defend meeagainft them; and my Faith.in thetrue livingGod, would fecure mee againft that falfe God. I refolved therefore with the Sponiard to goe to,fearch out the cave the next day, and to carry with meethreeor. foure Spaniards and my Blackmore Adiguel Dalvay and that dudian. 1. cold: him L would not fuffer him to goe hometo. his houfe that day, for feare hee fhould difcover inthe Towne my defigne and purpofe, and, fo wee might bee prevented by the Idolaters, who;certainly. that night would take away their Idol. The Indian Gill refuled, till Ithreatned him to fend for the Officers. of Jultice, and to fe- cure his perfon; with this hee yeelded; and that heemight hayeno difcourfe with any body in the Town, nor.with the Servants of my houfe, I defired the Spaniard to take him home to his houfe, and to keephim there clofe that day and night, promiling to bee with him the next morning... Echarged the Spaniard alfo with tecrefie, and fo difmided him with the Indian. : That day I rid to Pinola for the Blackmore Adéguel Dalva, andbrought him to 44ixco with mee, not telling him what my intent was; I went'alfo to foure neighbouring Spaniards, defiring them to becin a readineffe the nexe morning to goea little. way with mee for thefervice of God, and to meet mee at fuch ~ a neighbours houfe, and that it they.would bring their Fowling peeces., wee might chance to findfome {port where wee went, and as for Provifion of Wine and Meat, I would. provide fufficiently. . Fhey promiledto.goe with mee, thinking that although [told them, it was for the fervice,ot God, .my purpofe onely was to huntafter fome wild Deerein the mountaines. . I was glad they.conftrued my aGtion that way, and fo went hontie,and provided that nighta goodGammon of Bacon, and fome Fowles rofted, cold, and others boiled, well peppered and falced for the next dayes work. Where I had appointed my Indian to bekept, | met with thereft of my company, and from. thence wee went together tothe place of the Idolaters worlhipping, which was fome fix miles from Ad4ixco cowards the Town of St. Fobn Sacatepeques. .When wee came into the ‘Wood wee prefencly met with a deep Barranca, or bottome, where wasa running, whichincowragedus to make there diligent fearch, but nothing could bee found; from thence weeafcendedup out of the Barranca, and found after much time fpent a {pring of. water, and looked carefully about it, but could findenoCave. Thus in vaine wee fearched till the Evening, and fearing left wee, might lofe our way and our felves, if che night overtook us,my friends began to {peak of returning homewards, a cone jor | fidering A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. dering thatas yet wee had not gone over one half part of the Wood,and to goe home and come againe might make us to bee noted, and{poken of, weethought ic our beft way to take up our lodging that night inthe Wood, andin chat bottome which we firft fearched, where was good water for to drinke Chocolatteand warn lying under:the trees, and fo in themorning to make our fecond fearch. The Company was very willing to yeeld unto it,and the calme night favoured our good intentions. _Wemade a fire for our Chocolatte, and fupped exceeding well of ourcold mea:,and {pent moft parc of thenightin merry difcourfe, having a watchfulleye over our Indian, left hee thould give us the flip, and committing him to the charge of AZiguel Dalya. In the morning wee prayedunto God, befeeching bimto guideus that day in the work wee went abour, and to difcover untous the Cave of darkenefle and iniquity, where lay hid thacinftrument of Sacan, that fo by his difcovery Glory mightbeegivenunto our true God, and fhame and punifhment brought upon his enemies. Wee entered a- . gaine into the thick Wood upatteepy hill, and having throughly fearched all the South fide of it, wee went onto the North fide, where wee found another deepe de- icent, which wee beganto walkedowne looking on every fide, and notinvain; for almoft halfa mile from the top wee found fome markes of a way that had beenufed and trodden, which wee followed untill we came to another {pring of water; we fearched narrowly about it,and found fome peeces of brokenearthen difhes and pots, and one. peece ofa chafing difh,fuch as theIndians ufe to burne Frankincenfein,in the Churches betore their Saints, we verily imagined that thefe were peeces of fome fuch inftruments wherewith the idolaters performed their duty untotheir Idol, and we were the more comforted for that wee knewthat earthen ware had beene made in Adixcos the pine Treewhich immediately we difcovered confirmed our hopes. When wee came unto it we made very little more fearch,for neerat hand was the Cave,which was dark with- in, but light atthe mouth, where wee found more Earthen ware, with athesin them, which aflured us offome Frankincenfe that had been burned. Wee knew not how farrethe Cave might reach within, nor what might bee in it, and therefore with a flint wee ftruck fire and lighted a couple of candles and went in; at the entering ic was broad, and wentalitile forward, but when wee were in, we found it turn on the left hand towards the mountaine,and not farre; for within two reds wee found the Idol ftanding upon a low ftooll covered with alinnen cloth. The fubftance of it was wood, black thining like Jet, as if it had been painted or (moaked, the form was of a mans head unto the fhoulders, without either Beard or Muftachoes; his looke was grim witha wrinkled forehead,and broad ftartlingeyes. We feared nothis frowning look, but prefently feized upon him; and as wee lifted him up we found under him fome fin- gle Rials, which his Favorites had offered unto him; which madeus fearch more di- ligently the Cave; and itwasnotamifle, for wee found upon theground more fingle Rials, fome plantines and other fruics, wax candles halfe burned, pots of Maiz, one little one of Hony, little difhes wherein Frankincenfe had ben burned,whereby f per- ceived the Idolaters and Chriftians both agreedin their offerings; and had I not been informed that they called this Idol their God, I could have blamed them no more then the relt of the Townes who worthip, kneel before and offer {uch offerings unto their Saints made of Wood, and fomeno handfomer then was chis fdol,which I thought, might have beenefome beafts thape; but being the fhape and form of a man, they might have named him by the name of fome Saint,and fo fome way have excufed them- felves, which they could not doe, nor would they doe it, inthat they perlifted in this error, that he was their God,and had fpoken and preached unto them,and being after- wards asked by mce, whether it were the picture of any Saint, fuch as. were in AZixco, and other Churches, they anfwered,Nos but that hee was above all the Saints in the Countrey. | . Wee were very joyfull to feethat wee had not {pent our time invaine, wee, cut down boughes of trees, and filled the Cave with chem and ftopped the mouth of itup, and came away, making the Indiaw that went with uscarry che Idol on his back wrap- ped upinacloth, that it might not bee feen or perceived as wee went. Ithoughcicfic to delay the timetill night, and then toenter into Afixco, that the Indians might fee nothing. So I flayed at one of the Spaniards houles,till icwere late, and defired him to warn from meeall the Spaniards there-abouts to beat A4ixco Church thenext Sab- bath, (fearing left the fdolaters mightbee many, and rife up againit mee) that I had Ce fome- A ee Surcby ppibe Vel indics { fomewhat to fay unto themand their Blackmores concerning their Sodalities , for I would not have them know of the Idoll, till they heard of it and faw it in the Church, left it fhould come to the Indians hearing, and fothe Idolaters might abfent them- felves. At night 1 tooke my Indian, and AZiguel Dalva with mee, and went honie, and fhutting up the Idolina cheft till the next Sabbath, I difmiffed the Indian.charging © bim to fay nothing, for hee knew if hee did what harme might come unto him from the Idolaters, and I knew few words now would foffice, for that hee feared himfelfe if it fhould bee known that hee had been with mee, I kept AZigucl Dalva with mee, who Was defirousto feethe end of thebufinefle,and prepared my felf again& the next Sabbath to preach upon the 3.v.0f the 20. of Exodus, Thou fLalt bave none other Gods bim fore mee,though it were a Text nothing belonging to the Gofpel of the day,from whence commonly in the Church of Rome, the Texts and fubjects of Sermons are deduéted , but T judgedthat Text moft feafonablefor the prefent occafion. Onthe Sabbath day inthe morning, when the Pulpit was made ready by him who had care of the Church and Altare, 1 caufed Adiguel Dalva to carry under bisCloak the Idol, and to leave ic in the Pulpit upon the the ground that it might not bee feene, till fuch time as I fhould thinke fic in my Sermon to produce it, and to watch about the Church tillthe Congregation camein, thatnone might fee it ortake ic away. Never was there a greater refort frony abroad tothat Church then that day of Spaniards and Black- mores, who by the warning! fenttinto them expeGted fome great matter from mec, and of the Town very few were abfent, the Fuentes and all the reft that were (ulpected tobe that Idols favorites(little thinking that their God was brought from his Cave,and now lay hidin the Pulpit to fhame them ) came alfo thatday to Church. I com- manded Mizuel Dalva, to bee himfelf neer the Pulpic at Sermon time, and to warne thofe Spaniards that knew the bufineffe, and fome more Blackmores his friends to bee alfo neere the Pulpit ftaires. | ~ Thus Maffe being ended, I went up to preach; when J rehearfed the words of my Text,! perceived both Spaniards and Indians begati to look one upon another,as not being ufed to Sermons out of the Old Teftament.I went on laying open this command of God,for having no other Gods before him,fo that the Doftrine might feem to convince all chat were there prefent,as well Saint-worthippers,as indeed that Idols worfhippers, if the caufe of my preaching upon that Subject had not diverted their eyes from themfelves to behold their own guiltinefs of Idolatry,& to look only upon thofe who worfhipped a peeceof wood for God,& not,as they did,for a Saint (which yet in my judgment was much alike.) After I had fpoken what I thought fit concerning that horrible fin, and fhewed that no creature could have the power of God (who was the Creator of all things) neither could doe good or harme without the true living Gods Commiffion, efpecially inanimate Creatures as ftocks,and ftones,who by the hands and workmanfhip of man might have eyes, and yet were dead Idols, andfeenot, might have eares and not heare, might havetnouths, and not fpeak, might have hands,and not worke, nor helpe or'defend with them fuch as worfhipped them,and bowed down unto them, Thus having halfe finifhed my Sermon, 1 bewed my felfe downe in the Pulpit, and lifted up the black, grim, and ftaring Devill, and placed that Dagon on one fide of the Pulpit, wich my eyes fixed upon fome of the Fuentes and others,who I perceived chan- ged theircolour, blufhed, and were fore troubled looking one upon another, TI de- fired the'Congregation to behold what a God was worfhipped by fome of them, and all to take notice of him, if any knew what part of the earch was the Dominion of this God, or from whence hee came. I told them that fome had boafted that this peece of wood had {poken, and preached againft what I had taught of Chriit, and that therefore hee was worfhipped by them for Ged, and they had offered mony, hony,and of the fruits of the earth unto him, and burnt Frankincenfe before him in a fectet and hiddenCave tnder the earth,thewing thereby that they were afhamed to own him publickly, and that hee lurking in the darkncffe of the earth, fhewed certainly that heebelonged to the Prince of darknefle. 1 challenged him there in publicke to ipeak for himfelf, or elfe by filence to fhameend confound all his worfhippers. | fhew- ed them how being but wood, hee had been made and fathioned by the hands of man, and therefore wasbutadeadidol. I fpent a great deal of time arguing with him, and defying Satan who kad ufed him as his inftrumert, daring the Devil] himfelfe ro take him fromthat place which I had confined him to if hee could,to fhew what little powet : hee J tS harper tee ANew Survey of the Weltindiess apg he or Satan had again{t the power of my faith in Chritt. After much arguing and reae foning according to the thallow capacity of the Zedians prefent, I told them if that their God had power to deliver him from that execution, which [had intended ag aint him ( which was there publikely to have him cut ip pieces and burnt ) they fhould not beleeve the Gofpell of Jefus Chrift; but if they faw no power at all in him againgt me the weake't inftrument of thetrueliving God, then I befeeched them to beconver- ted unto chat tru: God who created all things, and to imbracefalvation by his Son the only Mediatour and Saviour Jefus Chrift, and to renounce and abjure from that time all Heathenith Idolatry of their forefathers , affuringthem for what was pat I would intercede for thém, and fecare them from what punifhment mightbe infli&ed upon themby the Prefident and Bifhop,and if they would come to me, I would {pend my belt indeavours for che helping and fartheringof them in the way of Chriftia- nity. : 3 | And thus concluding without naming ainy perfon, I went downe ouit of the pulpit; and caufed the Idolto be brought after me, and fending for an.axe, and for two or three great parisof coales, I commanded him tobe hewen in very {mall peeces,and to be cait in the fire and burned before all the people in the midft ot the Church. The Spaniards cried out joyfully Victor Vidor, and others repeated , Gloria & noftro Dios, Glory to ourGod, the Idolaters held their peace and {pake not then a word. But af- terwards they aed mott {pightfully againft me, and confpired day and night to get me at fome advantage,and to kill me. J writ to the Prefident of Guatemala informing himof whatihaddone; and to the Bi {hop C asan Inquifitor to whom fuch cafes of idolatry did belong } to be informed from him of what courf ] fhould take with the Indians who were but in part yet difeovered unto me, andthofe onely by the rela- tion of one Indian, From both I received great thanks for my paines in fearching the mountaine,and tinding out the Ido], and for my zeal in burning of it. And as touch- ing the Indjax Idolaters their counfell unto me was, that] fhould further enquire af- ter the ret and difcover as many as-I could, and indeavour to convert them to the Knowledge of the true Godby faire and fweet meanes, fhewing pity unto them for their great blindneffe, and promifing them upon their repentance pardon from thefn- quilition, which confidering taem tobe bit new plants ufeth not fach rigour with: them, which itufech with Spaniard, if they fallintofuch horrible fins. This advife I followed, and {ent privately for the Fuentes to my chamber, and toldthem how mer- cifull che Inguifition was. unto them, exp2cting their converfion and amendment. They feemed fomewhat ftubborne and angry for that I had burned that God,whom not only they, butmany others in the Towne, andalfo in the Towne of Saint Fobn Sacatepee gees did worlhip. I ufed reafons to perfwade them no honour was due unto it,as to a God. *Bat one of them boldly replyed, that they knew that it was a peeceof wood and of it {elfecould not {peake, but feeing ic had {poken ( as they were all witnefles p) this was a miracle whereby they ought to be guided, and they did verily beleeve that God wasinthar pieceof wood, which fince the {peech made by it was more then or= dinary wood, having God himfelfein it, and therefore deferved more offerings and a= doration then thofe Saints inthe Church, who did tiever fpeakeuntothe people. 1 told chem that the Devill rather had framed chat {peech( if any they had heard ) for to deceive their fouls and lead them to liell, which they mighteafily perceive from the Do&rin which I was infornied he had preached againtt Chrift the only begotten fon of God, whomthe Father loveth andin whom he is well pleafed, and againit whom he certainly would not fpeakein that idol. Another anfwered boldly our forefathers never knew what Chrift was, until the Spaniardscame unto that Countrey, but they knew there were Gods,& did worthip them, and did facrifice unto them,andfor ought they: knew this God.of theirs belonged in old times untotheir forefathers. Why then, faidY unto them , he was a weake God who by my hands hath been burned? I per- ceived that at that time there was no reafoning with them, for they were ftubborn and captious, and {oI difmiffed them. Had not God mot gcacioully protected me againtt thefe my enemies, I had certainly been murthered bythem,; for a moneth after the burning of the idol, when I thought all hadbeen forgotten, and that the Idolaters were quiet, then they began to a&t their {pight and malice, which firttI difcovered by a noife which once at midnight Theard of people about my houfe, and at my chamiber dooie; to whom [called out.frommy bed not daring toopen, ‘but could oe _ . anfwer A New Survey of the Wett-Indies. an{wer from them, perceived they would havecome in by torce,forthey puthed hard acthe doore, Whereupon I tooke fuddainly the theets from offmy bed, tying them with a ftrong knot together, and with another toa bar of che window, making my felfe ready to fall down by themto the ground, and(o to flie in the dark night, if they had uted violencetocomein. The fheets being thus prepared, and they till at the doore thruiting without any word from them, I thought by calling and crying out aloud I might affright them away.Wherefore with a fhrill voice I called firft to my {er- vants, who were but boyes, and lay at the further end of a long gallery, then I cryed out to the neighbouring houfes to come and affift me againft theeves. The (ervants had heard the noife and were awake, who prefently at my call came out; and with their coming my enemiesran down the ftaires, and were heard nomorethat night. But I perceiving which way their (pight and malice was bent; ‘thoughtfit to beno more a- lone in the night, with boyes only info great ahoufeas wasthat of Aixo; where- upon the nextday I fent for my trufty friend Adigtted\Dalva who was able to fight a- lone with any halfedozenof Indians , withing him to bring with him what weapons he could gettor my defence. Ikepthim with mea forenight; and the next Sabbath I gave warning in the Church, that whofoever camein the nightto my houfe to af- fright me, Or to doemeany other mifchiefe fhould looke to him felfe, for that I had weapons both offentive and defenfive. Though for a while I heard no moreof them, yerthey defifted not altogerher from their evill and malicious intents; for, knowing that Adigse! Dalvadid notlie in the fame chamber with me, a fortnight after (J being till about midnight with my candle ftudying ) they came up the ftaires fo foftly chat I ‘heard them not ; but the Black-more being awake it feems perceived that they were coming up, and foftly arofe up froma long table were he lay upon a Mat, and tooke in hishand acouple of brick-bats-of many which lay under the table fora worke which I had in hand, and as he opened the dore madea little noife,which was to them an item to flie down the ftaires, and to run(asthey thought ) for their lives. The Black-more did alfo run after them, and finding they had got too much advantage of him, and not knowing which way they might take, fent after them with a fury his two brick-bats,wherewith he fuppofed he did hit one of them, for che next day walk- ing aboucthe Towne he met wich one of the Fuentes having a cap on his head, and he inquired of fone Indians what he ailed, and he underftood by them that his head was broke, but how they knew not. They perceiving that I wasthus guarded by (¥4i- guel Dalve, defilted from that tinie from coming any more in the night unto my houfe, but yet defilted not from their {pight and malice and from agting mifchiefe a- gainftme. Foramonth after when] thought that all had been forgotten, and they {eemed outwardly to be kind and curteous, there came a meflenger to me from the ol- deft of themynamed Pablo de Fxentes,to rel me that he was very fick,and like to die,and defired ine to goe to comfort and inftruc& him in the truth,for that he truely defired to be converted. conceived very great joy at this newes,and doubted not of the truth and certainty of it, and prayed to God to direé& me in the convertion of thatfoul, and fo with hafteand good zeal, J went unto his houfe, where foon my joy and comfort was turned intobitterneffe; for when lcametothedore of his houfe, and was with one ftepentred, I found all the brothers of Pablo Fuentes, and {ome others who were fufpected to be Idolaters, fitting round the room,and miffing Pab/o,I withdrew my foot a little, and asked them where he was,miftrufting fomewhat to fee them there all gathe- red together; but when I perceived that they ftood not up, noranfwered me a word, nor fo much as tooke off their hats to me, chenI began to fear indeed, and to fufpect fome treachery; and fo I turned back refolving to goe home again. But no fooner was I turned,but behold Pablo Fuentes ( who by his meflage had feigned both fickneffe and converfion, came from behind his houfe with a cudgell in his hand, lifting ic up to {trike at me. Had I not catched hold of ‘his ftick with both my hands, and pre vented the intended blow, certainly hehad ftruackmedown. Butwhilft he and I were itriving for the ftick who fhould be Mafter of it, the reft of the Indians who were fit« ting in the houfe,came out into the yard ( which being a publick place was more com- fort tome thenif they hadcompaffed me about within the houfe )and befet meround, fome pulling mee one way, fomeanother,tearing my clothesin two or three places, anotherto. make me let goemy hand from the ftick with a kniferun me into the hand (which cothis day a {mall {car doth witneffe ) and certainly had wenot been in a pub- like ANew Survey of the Welt-Indies. Lo. like yard, chat party would alfo have run his knife into my fides; another feeing I would not let goe the ftick , tooke hold of it with Pablo atid both together thruit ic againit my mouth, and wich fuch ftrength that they broke fome of my teeths and fil- led my mouth with goar blood,with which blow I fell, but foone recovered my felfe and arofe, they laughing atme, but not daring to doe me any more harme for feare they fhouldbe feen, as God would have feen what already they had done; for a Mu- latta {lave to a Spaniardin the valley,at that very time when J was down and rifing paf- fedby , and hearing mecry out for help to the neighbours ( who lived fomewhat far _ off chat might helpe and fuccour me , for all the honfes thereabouts weré of the bro- thers the F zentes >) came into the yard, and feeing me all in blood thought I had been mortally wounded, and calling them murtherers ran along the {treet crying murther, murtherin Pablo Fuentes his yard, till fhe cameto the Market place ahd Town-houte; where (he found the Maiore and Jurats fitting,& a couple of Spaniards,who when they heard of my danger,with drawn {words came prefently running with all the officers of _ Juitce to the yard of Pablo Fizentes to aid and affitt me; but in the mean while the Idola- cers perceiving the outcry of the Mulatta , began to fall away and to hide themielyes, Pablo Fxentes going to (hut up his houfe alfo to abfent himfelfe, I held him hard to it, ftriving with him that he might not efcape away till fome help came tintome.The Spa- niards when they came and faw meallin ablood, made furioufly co Pablo Fuentes with their naked fwords, wiiom I ftopped deficing them not to hurt him, left what harmé they did unto him fhould beimpated uttome, I withed the Juftice not to feare him though he were a rich Indien, and as they would anfwer before the Prefident of Guid- temsaia to lay hold of him, andtocarry him to prifon, which they prefently perfor- med. I made the Spandards and the Mulatta-to witnefle under writing by way of in- formation what they had (ten, whatblood about my clothes, what wound in my hand, what blow in my mouth chey had found, and fent with fpeed to the Prefident of Guatemala this their information. The bufinefle was foon noifed about the valley, whereupon moft of the Spaniards cathe to offer their help and aid unto me; Adignel | Dalvaaifo chancing to be neer at a Spasiards houle inthe fame valley came with the reft 5 who would have done that night fome milchief among thedndians if { had not prevented them. I defired them co depart and goe home to their houtes, telling them I feared nothing, and that Miguel Dalva his company would be guard enough unto me. Butthey would by no meanesyeeld unto this 5 faying that night might prove more dangerous unto me then I imagined, and that I needed a ttronger guardthen of one man alone, tor they conceived that che Idolaters knowing what already they had done, and fearing what grievous punifhment mightbe infli&ted upon them from the Prefident of Guatemala, {eeing themfelves loft and undonemen might defperately that night refcue their brother outof prifon,and attempt fome mifchiefe againit me , and fo flieaway. Which I could notbe brought to fear, or to beleeve any. ftich thing of their cowardly {pirits, nor that they would flie away for that they had hoafes and land there in and about the Towne, yet I was willing for one Hight to yeeldto havea ftronger guard of Spaniards then at other times] had had with the Blackmore Miguel Dalvaalone. After {upper they kept watch about my houfe till fuch time asthey per» ceived all was ftill, and the Indians abed, andthen they feta watch about the prifon that Pablo Fuentes might not betaken our; and after this ( pretending that they were in danger as wel as I being but about a dozen,if the Towne thould all rife and mutiny. by the fuggeftion of the Idolaters, whomott of, them were rich and powerfall with the reft, which yet I feared not ) they would ncéds gocand raifeup the two Alcaldes or Maiors alone, with two more petty officers to make fearch about the Town for the reft of the Fentes and other known Idolaters,that being found they might fecure them. in the prifon to appear at Guatenealajand prevented from doing any mifchief either that hight, oratany othertime. Withchis ftir which they made, and their careof mee, they fuffered me not to take any reft that nightsbue wentand called upthe Alcaldesand two officers and brought them to my houfe, defiring me to fignifieunto them, how fic. and neceflary it was to {earch for thereft of the Indians. The poore Alcaldes ‘trem- bled to fee fo many Spaniards at that timein my boufe with naked fwords, and durft not but doe what they thowzht be!t to be done, and fo from my houfe about. midnighe they walked aboutthe Towne, fearching fuch houfes as they moft fulpe&ted might; conceale any of the Fuemes,or of therelt that hadbeen that day inthe rebellion and : : mutiny a : PACa Ia SE ee. ee ee Se es a ET Fo y —— — - —— ——— eons A ea NT eee —EE7~*~~ ca arn ‘ para oF eas RORY ’ WES Ne A New Survey 0 ifthe W e{t-Indies, mutiny againftmee. They could find none at home, till at lait comming to the houfe of one Lorenzo Fuenter, one ot the brothers, they found all that had been in the con- {piracy againft mee, gathered together drinking and quaffing. The houfebeing befet there was no flying nor efcaping, and feeing the Spaniards naked {words ,-they durit not rebel, who doubtlefle (as wee were afterwards informed) would have made a ° great ftirre in che Town that night, and were met together to refcue Pablo their bro- ther, andto doe mee fome mifchief and flye, not knowing that { was fo ttrongly man- ned and guarded by the Spaniards. There were ten of them,and were prefently withoue any noile inthe Towncarryedto the Prifon, and there fhutup, and guarded by the Spaniards. 5 In themorning the Prefident of Guatemala (whothen was Don Fuan de Guzman, a Religions Governour) taking into his confideration what the day before 1 bad writ untohim, and judging my danger to bee great, fent a Spanifb Alguazile,or Officer of Jultice wich a very large Commillion to bring prifoners to the City all thofe Indiaus who the day before had been in rebellion againft mee, and incafethey could not bee found, chen to feize upon what goods foever of theirs could be found in AGixco.But with ee _ the diligence of the Spusiards the night before they wereall in a readinefle for him,and ' paying the Alguazile firft his charges (which hee demanded as hee lifted) and bearing _ the charges of Adigael Da'va, and two or three more Spaniards, who werecommanded in the Kings Name to be: aiding and aflifting the Officer forthe fafer carrying them to Guatemstz, they were horfed and had away thatday tothe Prefidenr, who committed them clofe Prifoners, and afterwards commanded them to be whipped about the {treetss banifhed cwo of them trom AZixco to the Golf of St. Thoma de Caftilia, and would have banifhed them all, had they not humbled themtelves, and defired mee to intercede for them, promifing to amend their lives, andto make mee great fatisfaction,if they might return again to their Town,and that if ever more they did ftirre againft mee, the Would yeeld to be hanged and to lofe al their goods. With this the Prefident(fining them yet to pay twenty Crownsa pecce to the Church to be imployed in what I fhould think fittelt) fentthemback; who, as they had promifed, came unto mee, and humbled themfelves beforemiee wich much weeping, with many expreffions, fhewing their {or- row from their hearts for what they had done,cafting all upon the Devill, whom they confefled had been great with them in tempting them, whom alfo now they did ab- jure and renounce, promiling to live as good Chriftians, and never more to worlhip any God butone. I was very much taken with their deepe forrow cxpreffed with ma- ny tears,and indeavoured to inftru& them in the true knowledze of Chrift,whom now I found chey were very willing toimbrace. 1 lived not very long after in' that Towne ; but for the tiie I did contintiein ir, Ifounda great change and alteration in their lives, which truly miade mee apt to judge that their repentance was unfained. And thefe fornier particulars of a few Indians of thofetwo Towns, I havenot here infer- ted to bring an afperfion upon ‘all that Nation, (which I doe very much affe&, and would willingly ipend the belt drops of bloodin my veines to doe them good, and to fave their foules) but to caufe rather pity ahd commiferation towards them, who after fo many yeers preaching havebeen madeas yetbut formall and outtward Chri- ftians, and by the many Saints of wood, which they have been taught to worfhip by the Preilt, have rather been inclined to the fuperftition and Idolatry of their Forefa~ thers, and to trutt to living Creatures, and bow to inanimate ftocks and ftones, which they daily fee performed publickly in their Churches. Certainly they areota good and flexible nature, and (were thofe Idols of Saints ftatues removed from their eyes ) might bee brought eafily to worthipone onelyGod; and whereas they fo willingly Javith out their {mall meanes and what they labour for, in offerings to the Preilts and co their Saints, and inmaintaining Lazy finging Lubbars, they without doubt would bee freeenough to true Minifters of Gods Word, who fhould venture their lives to béat down thofe falie Gods, and fet up Jelus Chrift, and himthatfent himinto the World to fave {uch as truly beleeve in him. The yeere that this ftirre happenedin A4ixco, I received from Rome fromthe Gene- rallofthe Dominicans O:der, Licenfe to come hometo Exgland; at which] rejoyced much, for now I waseven weary with living among the Indians,& grieved to {ee the lic tle truit I reaped among{tthem, and that forfeare of the Inquifition I durft not preach anew Gofpell unto them, which might make them true; reall; and inward Chriftians; and es andlaftly, for that I perceived:that Artonio Mendez, de Satomayor( who was Lord-of the Towne of Mixco )didftomack me for havi ng caufed two of his Towne to bee banithed 5) and publikely affrontedtheF aentesfor heir Idolatry, which hee thoughe wasa.greatafperfion laidupon his Indians. by All which welll confidered I writ uato the Provi nciall ( whowas then in Chiapa\of my defire to returne home to mine owne Countrey, for the which Thad a licence :fene unto me from Rene. . But he having heard of what good had doneinche Town of Mixeosin reducing fonie Idolaters,burning their idol,and venturing my lifeinfo good acaufe; andalfo for the perfe& knowledge which now I had of the Poconchi tongue, would by no meanes yeeld that I fhould go; but with fair and flattering wordsiincaus raged meto flay, »wherehadoubted not, but Idid, andI might yet doe God much more good fervice ; ‘and that-hemight the better worke upon me, hefenta Patent of Vicar of the Towneand Cloitteriof Amatitlen, where at the prefent:there was anew Cloiftera building to feparate all that valley from the Cloifter of Guatemala, He de. fired meto accept of that {mall preferment, not doubting but that I {peaking fo well the Jvdiae language might prevaile much in that place; and better chen another, fur. ther the buildingof that new Gloifters which worke would be 4 good ftep forhimro advance'me afterwards.to fome better préferment. Although I regarded neither thae prefent Superiority, nor any better honour which might afterwards enfue unto me, I thought the time which Godthad appointed for my returning to England was not yee come; for that if the Provinciall, .and wich himothe Prefident of Guatemala (for fo much conjeCtured out of the Provincialls letter J fhoald both oppofe and hinder my departure from that Countrey, it would be-very hard for meto take my journey any way, and not be difcovered andbroughtback. Whereupon I refolved to ftay the Provincialls coming to Guatemala, and:there to confer with him facetto face, and to thew him fome reafons that moved meto leavethat Countrey,and to feek againe mine owne wherein I was\borne.. So for the:prefentT accepted of the Towne of Amatitlay, where | had more occafions of getting mony than in. the other two, ‘where I had lis ved five tullyeers, for albeit that Towne alone was bigger then both Afixca and Pings Jatogether, and the Church fuller of ‘Saints piGares and ftatuesyand very: many Con; - fraternities and Sodalities belongeduntoit 3 befides this from without the Towne I had great comings in from the Ingenio of Sugar, which I related before ftood clofeians to that Towne,from whence bhad dayly'offerings from the Blackmores and Spaniards that lived inics and befidesthis I had under: my charge another Jefler Towne called St. Chriftoval de Amatitlan, ftanding two leagues from great Amatitlan, This Town of St.Chriftoval,or S¢.Cbriftopber,is called properly in that language, Palinka,ba,fignifyin; water, and Pali, to ftand upright, aid is compounded of two words which seit water {tanding upright; for the Towne ftandeth on the back fide of the Vulcan of wa= ter, which lookethover Gaatemsal, and on thisfide &ndeth forth many fountaines, but efpecially fpouteth forth from ahigh rock aftream of water, which as it fallech from high wich a great noife and down-fall, the rocke fianding upright over the bots tome where itfalleth; and caufeth amoft pleafant ftream by the Townes fide; ic hath moved the f#dians tovcall their Towne, Palinba, from the high and upright ftanding tock, from whence the waterfalleth. In this Towne there are many rich Indiens,who trade in the coatt of the South {ea;the Towne is as an harbour fhadowed with many fruitfullcrees; but the chief fruichere is the Pinna, which groweth in every Indians yard, and with theneerneffe of the Ingenio of Sugars areby the Spaniard; therea- bouts much made upin Preferves, fome whole,fomein flices , which is the daintieft and moft lufcious Preferve that I ever did eat in that Countrey.. The Jedians of this Towne get much by boards of Cedar,which they cutout of many Cedar-treesswhich grow on that fide of the Vulcan,which they (ll to Guatemala and all about the Coun- trey for new buildings. 24 | ere | _ Betweengreat Amatitian and this Town the way is plain,and lieth ynder a Vulcan of fireywhich formerly was wont to {moak as mich as that of Guatemala, but having fore merly burft out at the top,and there opened.a great mouth,& caft down to the bottome mighty ftones ( which to this day are to be feen ithath not fince been any waies trou. blefome unto the Countrey. . Inthis way there wasin my time anew Trapiche of Sy. gar erecting up by one Fobn Baprifta of Guatemala, whichwas thought would ‘prove very ufefull, and profitable unto the forefaid City. Thad yet forthe time that lived in A New Survey of the VVekt-Indies. + abana in e4 matitlan another very little village at my charge, called Pampichi at the bottome of ahighmountaine on the other fide of the lake over againtt,which was but aChap- pell of eafeunto great Amatitian, unto which I went not above once ina quarter of ayeer, and that for paftime and recreation ; for this villageis wellin that language a compound alfo of Pam, in, and Pichi, flowers,for that it fandeth compaffed about with fowers, whichmakeitverypleafant, and the boats or Canoa’s which doe con- ftantly.{tand neer the doores of the houfes,invites to much pleafure of fifhing and row- ing about the lake. And thus whilf I lived in Amatitlan ¥ had the choice of three places wherein to re- create my felfe, and becaofe the charge of many foules layin my hands, 1 had one conftantly tohelpeme. The Towne of Amatitian was as the Court in refpe&of the ret, wherenothing was wanting that might recreatethe mind and fatisfie the body with variety and change of {uftenance,both for fifh and flefh. Yet the great care that did lie upon me in the workeand building of the Cloifter, made me very foone weary of living in that greatand pleafant Towne; for fometimes I had thirty,fometimes twen- ty, fometimes fewer, and fometimes fourty worke-mentolookeunto, and to pay wagesto on Saturday nights, which I found wearied much my braine , and hindred my ftudies, and was belides a worke which I delighted notin, nor had any hopes evertoenjoyic. And thereforeafter the firft yeerthatI had been there 1 betooke my felfe unto the Provinciall, who wasin Guatemala, and againcearneftly befought him to perufé the Licence which I had from Rome to goe to England mine owne Countrey for to preach there( for that was the chiefe ground of letting me goe home, as the Generall largely exprefled ) where I doubted notbut I might doe God great fervice, and-in Contcience I told him I choughe I was bound to employ what ‘parts God had beftowed upon me, rather upon my own Countreymen, then upon Jadians and ftraf® gers. The Provincial replyed untome that my Countrey men were Heretickes, and when Jcameamongitthem they would hang me up. I told him, I hoped better things of them, and that I would notbehavemy felfe among them foas to deferve hanging, not daring to tell him what watin my heart concerning points of Religi- on. After. long difcourfe I found the Provinciall inexorable, and halfe angry, tel- ling me that he and that whole Province had cait their eyesupon me, and honoured me, and were ready and willing to promote mefurther, and that! would thew my (elfe very ungrateful untothem, if Ifhould forfake them for my owne nation and people, whom had not knowne from my young and tender age. I perceived there wasno more to be faid, and’all would be invaine,and fo refolved to take my beft op- portunity, and with my Licence from Rome to come away unkrowne unto him. But for the prefent I humbly befceched him to remove me from Amatitlan, for that I found my felteunableto undergoe that greatcharge, and too weakefor that ftrong worke, that wasthen building. With much adoe he would be brought to this, alleadging what an honour it was to be a Founder and builder of a new Cloifter, in whofe walls my very name would be engraven to pofterity; all which I told him I regarded not, bue efiemed more of my health anda quiet mind, thenof fuch preferments and vanities. Upen which at laft hecondefcended to my requett, and gave me order to goeto Peta- pa, and that the Vicar of Petapathould goe to finith the worke of Amatitlan. In Petapa Llived above atwelvemoneth, with greateafe, pleafure and content for all things worldly and outward , but within I had {tilla worme of Confcience, gnawing this gourd that fhadowed and delighted me with worldly contentment. Here I grew more and moretroubled concerning fome points of Religion, dayly withing with David, that I had the wings of a Dove, that] might flie from that place of dayly Idolatry into England, and beat reft. Irefolved therefore to put ona good courage, and relie wholly upon my Ged, knowing that the journey was hard and dangerous,and might bring {hame and trouble unto me, if I fhould be taken in the way flying and broughe back to Gaztemala , here I weighed the affli&tion and reproach which might enfueun- to me,after (o much honor, pleafure,and wealth which I had enjoyed for about twelve yeersinthat Countrey,; butin another balance of better confideration,I weighed the trouble of a wounded Confcience, and the fpirituall joy and comfort that I might en- joy at home with the people of God, and fo refolutely concluded spon that place of Heb. 11. 25, 26,27.with AM4/s, to choofe rather to fuffer affliGion with the people of God(who as Paul well obferveth, i Thef-3. 3. are appointed thereunto;and again Phil. 1.29. A New Sur wey of the Welt-Indics. 2.29. unto whom it is given in the behalfeof Chrift, not onely to beleeve. in him, but allo to fuffer for his fake ) then to enjoy the pleafures of finhe tora feafon ; eftees ming the reproach _ of Chrilt greater riches thenthe treafures in Egypt. So for faith and a fafeconfcience I now purpofed likewife with AZofes to forlake Egypt, noe fearingthe wrath ofthe Prefident the Kings owne Deputy, nor of the Provincial], and my, belt friends; buc to indure all this ( if I fhould be taken ) as feeing him who is invilible. ‘Ithought this was a bufinefle not to be'conferred’ with fle(fh ‘and blood, left che beit friend knowing of it fhould betray me; yeton'the othier fide » Tthodghe ic hard to flie alone without {ome friend for the firft wo or three daies journey ; and befides having many things to {ell away to make mony of, I thought I were better to imploy fome trufty friend , thentodoeallalone. Ithought of none fitter then A/}- guel Dalva, whom by long experience 1 knew tobetrueand trufty, and that a {mall mony matter would content him; whom I] fentfor to Pimula, and charging: him with fecrecy, I told him I had a journey for my confcience fake to maketo Rome (I would not tell him that I intended England, left the good old Black-more thould grieve think: ing never more to feeme., and for the love he bare me, and intereft he had many times from me, he fhould by difcovering my intent, feck to ftop me ) which I would have none to know of but himfelfe,not doubti ng buttoreturne againe, as he knew many had taken thelike journey, and returned within two yeers. - | hema The Black-more offered himfelfe to goe with me, which Irefufed, telling him that the feas would be too hard for his oldageto endure,and that as a Black-more in foraine Countries he might be {topped and apprehended for a fugitive, which reafon he liked well, and offered himfelfeco goe with mee as farre as thefea fide; for which} thanked him and employed to{ell me away fome Mules, Wheat, and Maiz which I had, and what elfe might well pafle through his hande. As for many rich pictures which hung in my chamber,! thoughtthe Towne of Petaps would buy them for their Church, and propounded it unto the Governour, who willingly: accepted of them: Mott of my bookes, chefts, cabinets, quilts,and many good peices of houfhold-ftuffe, by the paines and induftry of (Miguel ( whom I kept with me for the {pace of two moneths beforeI cameaway ) J fold toGuatemala, referving onely two Petaca’s or Jeatherne chefts, withfome bookes anda quilt for my journey. ‘When I had{old all that Tintended , I found [had in Spanifb mony neer nine thoufand) pecces of eight, which I had got intwelve yeers that I lived in that Country. So much mony I thought would betoo comberfome for along journey ; whereupon J turned above four thous. fand of them into pearles and fome pretious ftones, which might make my carriage - the lighter; the refit I laid up fomein bags, fome { fowed into my quilt, intending in the way toturne them into Spani{b Piftols.° Thus the chiefe provilion being made of . mony, Itooke care for Chocolatte and fome Conferves for the way,which were foon provided. Now becaufe I confidered that my flight the firft week muft be with fpeed, and that my chefts could not poft day and night as my felfe intended to doe; I thought of fending my carriage four dayes at leaftbeforeme; and not daring to truft any ,In« dian of Petapa, Vent to Mixcofor one fpeciall Indian friend whom I had there, who knew the way that I was to travaile very well;to whom I opened my mind,and offered what,mony I knew would well contenthim, and at midnight fent him away with two Mules, one for himfelfe, and anotherformy chefts, withing him to Keep on travelling cowards St. Miguel, or Nicaragzatill lovertooke him. I gave him the advantage of four daies and nights, and then refolutely with my good Blackmore im my company leaving the keyot my chamber in my doore, aud nothing but old paperswithin, when all the Indiaws where faft {leep, I badadieu unto Petapa,and to the whole valley, andtoall my friends throughout America. ° R : CHAP. * Sy | ,: rvey of the Veh dndis, 3 CHAP. XXI. Shewing my journey fromthe Towne of Petapa, into England; and fome chiefe pallages in the way. : Sveses He chiefe thing which troubled me in my refolved purpofe to come home,was } BS: the choice of che fafelt way;w hich made meutterly forfake the Gulte(though \ che eafieft way of all, and that fea neereft to the place where I lived) for that WN ., Se Ss - [knew Ifhould meet there with many of my acquaintance,and the fetting out of the fhips was fo uncertain,that before they departed, order mightcome from Guate- maletoftop me; if I thould go by land through Comayagua to Truxillo, and there wait for the fhips,likewifeI feared left the Governour of that place by fome item fromthe Prefident of Guatemale might examine me, and fend me backe, and that the Matters of the thips might have charge given them not to receive me into their fhips.If I thould goe backe to Afexicoand Vera Cruz then I called to mind,how I was troubled in that - long journey,when I came firft to Chiapa in company of friends, and that now alone F fhould certainly be much ptt to it,for I would carry AZiguel Dalva fo far by land with me. Wherefore rejecting thefe three wayes, I chofe the fourth, which was by Nicaragua and the Lake of Granada; and thetefore I deferred my journey till the week after Chrift- masKnowing that the cime of che frigats fetting out from that lake to the Havane wag commonly after the middle of Fanuary, or at Candiemas at the furtheft, whither I ho- ped to.reach in very goodtime. Now that I might by no means be fufpe&ed to have taken this way; before I went I left by the hand of \AZignel Dalvaa letter to a friend of histo be delivered to the Proviriciall in Guatemala, foure dayes after my departure, wherein I kindly tookemy leave of. him, deliring him nottoblame me nor to feeke after me;and whereas I had a fufficient Licence from Rome, and could not get his,that Ichought I might.with a fafe Confcience goe where I wasborn, leaving Linguifts e= ‘noughtofupply my place amongft the Indiaws, And becaufe hefhould net make en= quiry after me by Nicaragua, I dated and {ubicribed my letter to him from the Towne of St. Antonio Suchutepeques, which was the way to Adexicoand quite contrary to Ni- caragua, The nexe day after F welfib day, beingtle feventh of Fanuary,1637. at midnight I . _ fet out of Petapaupon a lufty Male ( which afterwards in the way [fold for fourfcore peeces of eight )with AZiguel Dalva alone;and the firft part of the way being very hil- _ ly we could not goe fo fait as our hearts would have pofted; for it was breake of da betore we could get to the top of the mountaine, whichiscalled Serro Redondo, or the round hill; which is much mentioned in that Countrey, forthe good pafture there which ferveth for the Cattell and Sheep, when the valleys below are burnt and ro gra- firig lefe for Beafts. This hillisalfoa greatrefugeto Travellers, fortherethey find good entertainment in a Venta, where wine and provifion is fold,and isa great Lodge, forto lay updry what carriages they bring; there isbefides one of the beft Eftancia’s or farmes of Cattell inthe Countrey, where of Goatsand Ewes milke is made the belt cheefe thereabouts. This rousd hill or mountaine is five leagues from Petepa, where I feared I might meet with forme people of Petapa, and therefore the day now dawning I made hafteby it, leaving in the lodge afleep many Indians,who attended on two Spa~ nib Requa’s of Mules, which that day wereto goe toPetapa; foure Jeagues further from this Serro Redondo is a Towne of Indians called Les F felavos, or the Slaves, not that now they are more flaves then the reft of the Indiaus, but becaufein the old time of Aontezmma the Emperour, and the Indian Kings that were under him , the people of this Towne were more flaves then any other, for from Amatitlan ( which is fo cal- led from Amat, which in the Adexican tongue fignifieth Letter, and Itlan which fig- nifieth Towne, for that it was the Towne of Letters as (ome fay,for arine of a tree, whereon they were wont formerly to write and exprefle their minds, or becavfe it was the place whither from all parts letters were fent to becarried about the Countrey,and to oe Aa We ENE : mee SNe Psa ey al 1 oe ee : Seas 5 : 4 Noe NR aah as ‘ i 5 fee 1s \ — ANew Survey of the Realadia to Peru ) thele Indiansof the Towne of Ejclavo’s or {laves, were pinhead ‘as pet to goe all about the Countrey wich letters, or whatfoever elfe they fhould be charged heb ae A with; and they were bound conttantly to fend every week fo many of their Towne (as were appointed) unto Amatitlan, there to wait and attend the pleafure of tha Towne for che conveying of letters, or any carriages to other parts. : : This Towne of Jos Efclavos ftandeth in a bottomeby a river,overthe which the Spani- : ards have builea very {trong ftone Bridge to goein and out of the Town, for other- wife with mules there isno paffing by reafon of the violent and rapid ftreame of the water, and many rocksinthe River, from which the water falleth dowa with great force. From this Town (where wee onely ftayed to drink acup of Chocolatte-and to bait our mules) wee went on that day to Aguachapa, being ten leagues further, and not farre from the South Sea, and the port called Dele Trinidad; whither wee came. towards Evening, having that day and part of the night travelled about threef{core En- glifb miles up hils, and upon ftony wayes fromthe E/clave’s unto this Town ; which is much mentioned in that Country fortwothings. The oneisfortheearthen ware which is made there (asfome think) exceeding that of A4ixco. The other is for a place within a mile anda halfefrom the Town, which the Spaniards doe credibly report and beleeve to bea mouth of hell. For out of it there is conftantly afcending a thick black fmoak - {melling of Brimttone, with fome flafhes now and itken of fire ; the earth from whence this {moak arifech 18 not high,but low. None ever durft draw nigh co find out thetruth and ground of ic for thofe that have attempted to doe it,have been ftricken down to the ground and like to lofe their lives. A friend of mine a Fryer (whom I thought verily I might beleeve) upon his oath affirmed unto me,that travelling that way witha Provincial! heerefolved to goe unto the place, and fatisfie- himfelfe of the ground andcaufe of ‘the ftrange talke which was every where about the Country concerning that {moke. Hewent within a quarter of a mile of it,and pre- fently, hee faid, he heard a hideousnoile, which together with the ftench of the fiery fmoke and brimftone, &ruck him into fuch a fear that he was like to fall to the ground, and retiring himielf back with all {peed was taken with a burning Feaver which was like to colt himhislife. Ochers report that drawing neer unto it, they have heard great cries as it were of men and women in torment, noifeof iron, of chaines, and the like, which (how fimply I leave it tomy Judicious Reader) maketh them beleeve that it is amouth of hell. Of my knowledge! willfay no more, but that I faw the fmoke,and asked the Indians what was the caufe of its; and if ever they had been neer unto, it? And theyan{wered mee, that they could not imagine what might bee the caufe of it, neither durit they draw nigh unto it ; and that they had feen Travellers, attemp- ting to goe neereit, and that they were all ftrickeneither to the ground,or with fome fuddaine amazement, or Feaver. I told themthat I would walke thicher my felf, and they defired mee that [would not, if [loved my life: It was notyet for all this re- pore the feare of being fo neerthe Spaniards hell (as they call it) that made me hafte with {peed outofthat Town, but fear of fome meflenger that might-come after mee to flopmyjourny. Forat midnight I departed fromthence, and wentto breake my faftto a great Town called Chalchzapan,' where the Indians made very much of mee,be- ing Pocomanes, who {pake the Poconchi or Pocoman tongue which Ihad learned. They would willingly have had me to ftay with them/and preach unto them the next Sab-. bath, which I would havedone, had nota better defigne called upon mee tomake halite. Nay 3 ; Here I was troubled, how I fhould get through Se. Salyador, which was a City of Spaniards, and wherein there wasa Cloifter of Dominicans, whom] feared moft of all, becaufé wasknown by fomeof them. My refolution was therefore when I came. neere unto the City, to turn outof my way toa Spaniards Farm a8 if I had loft my. way, and there to delay thetime till Evening indrinking Chécolatte, difcourfing,and, aiting my mules well, that fo Fmighteravell all thac night, and bee out of the reach of that City, and Fryers(who lived in Indian"Towns aboutit ) the next morning, early. This City of St. Salvador is poore, not much bigger then Chiapa, andis go-. verned by a Spanifh Governour. It ftandeth forty leagues at leaft from Guatemalayand towards the North Sea fide, iscompaffed with very high mountaines, which are cal- led Chuntales, where the Indian: are very poore. Inthe bottome where the City ftan-. deth thereare fonie Trabiches of Sugar, fome Indigo made, burthe'chief Farmes are. ea 2 | Eftancia’s - A New Survey of the WVelt-Indies, ‘{tancia’s of Cattell. Towards Evening I departed from that Farm where I had well refrethed my felfeand my Mule, and about cight of the clock I rid through the City not being known by any body. My parpofe wasto bee the next morning at a great River , called Rio de Lempa, fome ten leagucs from St. Salvador, for within two leagues of itthere lived in an Indian Town a Fryer belonging tothe Cloifter of St. Salvador who knew meevery well. Butfuch hafteI madethat before break of the day I paffed thuough that Town, and before feven of theclock U was at the River, where Itound my Indian of Mixco ready to pafleover with my carriage, who that morning by three of the clock had fet out of chat Town two leagues off, Iwas nota littleglad to have overtaken my Chelts,wherein was moft of my treafure. Therel fatedowna while by the River whillt my mules grazed, and my Indian ftruck fire and mademe Chocolatte. This River of Lempais held the broadeft, and biggeft in all the Jurifdi@ion belong- ing unto Guatemala; there are conftantly two Ferry Boats to pafle over the Travell ers, and their Requas of Mules. ThisRiver is privileged in this manner, thatif a man commit any bainous crime or murther om this fide of Guatemala, and San Salvador, or on the other fide of St. A¢iguel, or Nicaragua, if hee can flie to gct over this River, he is freeaslongas hee liveth on the other fide,and no Juitice on that fide whither hee is efcaped can queftion or troublehim forthe murther committed. Solikewite for Debts hee cannot beearrelted. Though Ithanked God I neither fied for the one, or for the other,yet it. was my comfortthat I was now going over to apriviledged Country,where I hoped J fhould bee free and fure, and that if any one did come atter mee, hee would gov no further then tothe River of Lempa. My Blackmore did much Jaugh at thig my conceipt, and warranted mee that all would doe well. Wee Ferried {afely over the River; and. from thence wentin company with my Indianto a little {mall Towne of Indians two leagues off, where wee made the beft dinner that we had done from the Towneof Petzpa, and willingly gavereft to all our mules till foure of the clocke in the afternoone; at whichtime wee fet forth to another fmall Townlittle abovetwo leagues off, through a plain, fandy, andChampaigne Country, The next day wee SS had but ten leagues to travaile toa Town called St. Adiguel, which belongeth unto Spaniards, and though it bee not a City, yet isas biggealmoft as San Salvador, and hath .aSpané(b Governours in it there isone Cloifter of Nuns, and another of Merce narian Fryers, who welcomed meeunto their Cloifter ; for here I began to thew m y faceyand to think of felling away the Mule! rid.on, being refolved from hence to goe by water oran Arm of the Sea, toa Town in Nicaragua called LaViej2. I would here have difmifled my Iudian, but hee was loth toleave me untill1 got to Granade, where heedefired to fee mee fhipped. 1 refuted not his kind offer, becaufe 1 knew hee was trulty and had broughtmy Chefts well thither, and knew welltheway to Granada, So Tfent him by land to Realejo, orto LaVieja, which ftand very neere together and thirty leaguesiby land from St. AZiguel,and my felf ttayed that day and till thenext day at ncon inthat Town,where I fold the mule,I rid on,becaufe I knew that from Realejoto Granada could have of the Indiansa Mule. for nothing for a dayes journey.My Black- ‘mores mule I fentalfo by land with the Isdian,and the next day went to the Gulfe,be- ing three or foure miles from St. A¢iguel, where that afternoone I tooke Boat with many otherpaffengers, and the next morning by eightin the morning was at La Vieja, which journey by land would have taken meeupneere threedayes. The next day my Indian came atnight, and wee went to Reakjo, (as I have obferved before ) a Haven very weak and unfortified on theSouth Sea; where if lwould have ftayed one fort- night I might have taken {hipping for Paxama, to goe from thence to Portabelo, and there ftay for theGaleons from Spain. But Iconfidered that the Galeons would not be here till June or Jelysand that fo I thould be at great charges in ftaying fo Jong. But afterwards I withed I had accepted of that occafion, for Iwas at laft forced to goe to Panama, and Portabelo. From henceto Granada! obferved nothing, but the plainnefle and pleafantneffe of the way, which with the fruits and fertility of all things may well make Nicaragua the Paradifeof America. Betweene Realejo and Granada ftandeth the City of Leon, neere unto a Vulcan of fire, which formerly burft out at thetop, and did much hurtunto allthe Country abouts but fince that it hath ceafed, and now letceth the Inhabitants live without feare. Sometimes it {mokesa little, which thewe eth phat as yet there is within fome {alphurous fubftance. Here it was that a Mercenarian Fryer thought to have difcovered fome great treafure, : which A New Survey of the W oh indics Le ete which might inrich himfelfeand allthat Country ,being fully perfwaded chat the me= ” tall chac burned within that Vulcan was Gold ; whereupon hee caufed a great Kettle tobcemade, andhung atan iron chainro letitc down from the top, think’ng there- with to take up gold enough to make him Biftiop andito inrich his poor kindred. But fuch was the power and ftrength of the fire within, that no foonerhad heelet downe the Kettle, when it fell from the chain and fromhis hands being melted away, This City of Leonis very curioufly built, for the chief delight of the Inhabitatits confifteth in their houfes, and inthe pleafure of the Gountry adjoyning, and in the abundance of all things tor the life ofman, morethen in any extraordinary riches , which there are notfo mach injoyed, as in other parts of America. Tliey are con- tented with fine gardens, with variety of finging birds, and parréts, with plenty of fth and flefh, which is cheap, and with gay hoafes, and foleada delicious, lazy and idle. life; not afpiring much to trade and trafique, though they have neer unto them thé Lake, which commonly every yeere fendeth forth fome Frigats to Havana by the North Sea, and Realejo on the South Sea, which to them might bee very commiodious forany dealing and rich Trading in Pera, or to A4ixco, if their fpitits would carry them fo farre: The Gentlemen of this City are almoft as vaine and phantafticall as are thofeof Chiapz, And efpecially fromthe pleaiure of this City, is all that Province of Nicaragua, called by the Spaniards MabometsParadife. From hence the way isplaiti and Levellto Granada, whither I gotfafely and joyfully, hoping that now I had no more Journey to make by land, till Tthould land at Dever in England,and from thence poft up to London, Twodayesafter I had arrived at this place and refted my felfe, and injoyed the pleafant profpe@ of the Lake, I began to think of difmiffing my Indian and Blackmore. But true and faithful AZiguel Dalya would by no meanes leave mee, till he fawme fhipped; and that] had no more need of himby land; Likewité the Indian would, willingly have ftayed, but by no meanes! would permithim, for chat I con- fidered hee had a wife and children to looketo at home. Hee was as willing to re= turna foot, astoride, becaufe hee would have mee fell my mules,and make what mo- ny Icould of them, but I (ecing the good nature of the Indian, would recompence hislove with as much mony as might bee more beneficial to him, then ‘a tired Mule; which might havedyedin the way under him, and left him on foot; fol gave him money enough to bear his charges home,and to hire Mules at his one pleafure, and fome to {pare,when hecamehome. The Indies with many teares falling from his eyes,fay= ing, hee feared hee ({hould never more fee mee, tooke his leave of mee thethird day after wee arrived at Granada, My Blackmoreand I being lett alone, firft began to thinke of felling away the two Mules, which had brought thither the Indian, and my Chelts's for which got fourfcoreand ten peeces of eight after folong a journey,and thought they were well fold. I would have had A/iguel havefold away that whereon hee rid; (which was his own Jan offered to buy him another that might better carry him back, but che loving and carefull Blackmore would not fuffer mee tobee at fuch charges,con- fidering the long journey which I wasto. make. After this,wee hearing that the fri- gats were not like to depart ina fortnight, thought of viewing well that ftately and pleafant Towne a day or two,and then to betake our elves to fome neer Indian Town, where wee might beehid, (left by the great refort of Requa’s of Mules,which at that time brought Indigo and Cochinill from Gaatemalato the Frigats, wee fhould bee dit covered’) and might nowand then cometo the Town to treat concerning my pafling in one of the Frigatsto the Havanaor to Cartbagena. Whatin that Town wee obler- ved was, two Cloilters of Mercenarian and Francifcan Fryere; and oneof Nuns, very rich; andone ParifhChurch, which was as a Cathedrall, for che Bifhopof Leon did more conftantly refide there then in the City. The hotifes are fairer then thofe of Leon} and the Town of more Inhabitants,among whom there are fome few Merchants of very great wealth; andmany of imferiour degree very well to paffe, who trade with Car- skagen, Guatemals, San Salvader, and Coraayagua, and fome by the South fea toPe ra and Panam’, Buc at this time of the fendingaway the frigats,that Town is one of thé wealthieftin: all che North Tra& of America; for the Merchants of Guatemala fea+ ring to fend all their goods by the Gulfe of Honduras, for that they have been often ta- kenby the Hollander between that and Havanz, ’ chink it fafer to fend them by thefri- gats to Carthagena, which paffage hath not been formuch {topped by the Hollamders as the other: So likewife mary times the Kings treafure; and revenues C when there is R 3 any. ae SE a ao A New Survey of the VVelt-Indies, any reportof (hipsatfea, or aboutthe Cape ot Sr. Anthony ) are this way by the |.ake of Granada pafled to Carthagena. That yeer that I was theresbefore I betooke my felfeto an Indian Towne, in oneday there entred fix Requa’s ( which wereat leat three hun- dred Mules ) from St. Salvador and Comayagua onely, Jaden with nothing elfe but In- digo, Cochinil and Hides; and two dayes after from Guatemala came in three more, the oneladen with filver which wasthe Kings tribute from that Countrey; the other with Sugar, andthe other with Indigo. Theformer Requa’sI feared not; but the latter made me keep clofe within my lodging, left going abroad, I fhould be knowne by fome of thofe chat came from Guatemala 3 who after they had delivered what they brought, prefently departed, and with their departure fet mee at liberty, wha for their fakes was avoluntary prifoner within mine owne lodging. But fearing Jeft more of thefe Requa’s might come and affright mee, I went to a Towneoutof | the rode, a league from Granada, andtook my pleafure up and downe the Countrey - where I was much feafted by the Mercenarian Friers,who enjoy moftof thofe Towns, . Amongit thefe I heard much of thepaffage in the frigots to Carthsgena,which did not alittle difhearten and difcourage me.. For although, whilft they faile upon the Lake, they goe fecurely and without trouble, yet when they fall from the Lake to the river (which there they call E/ Defaguadero) to goeout to the Sea,bic labor, boc opus eff, here is nothing but trouble, which tometimes makes that fhort voyageto laft two moneths, forfuch isthe fall of the waters in many places amongft the rockes, that many times they are forced tounlade the frigots,and lade them again with helpe of Mules which are there kept for that purpofe, by a few Indiaws that live about the river,and have care of the Lodges made forto lay inthe wares,whileft the frigots pafle thorow thofe dan- gerous placesto another Lodge, whither the wares are brought by Mules,and put a- gaine into the frigots. Befide this trouble( which muft needs beredioustoa paf= fenger, to be thus topped, who would willingly comefeoneto his journeys end ) _.the abundance of gnats is fuch, which maketh him to take no joy in his voiage,and the heat in fome places fo intolerable, that many doe die betore they get out to the fea, Though all this was terrible to me to hear, yet | eomforted my felfe that my life was inthe hands of the Lord,and that the frigots did commonly every yeer paffe that way, and feldome any were loft. I went now and then to Granada to bargaine for my paf~ fage, and to know when thefrigots would for certaine fet out, and to provide my felfe of fome daintiesand Chocolatte for my journey, having agreed with a Mafter of a frigot for my diet at histable. The time was appointed within foure or fivedayes ; but {uddainly all was crofled with a ftci& command from Guatemala, that the frigots fhould not goe outthat yeer, becaufethe Prefident and whole Court was informed for certaine that {ome Englifh or Holland fbips was abroad at fea, and lay about the mouth of the river or Defaguadero waiting for the frigots of Granada,and thatthe faid were fometimes lurking about the Iflands of St. Jobn, and St. Catharine ( which then was our Providence) which made allthe Merchants of the Countrey to feare and {weat with a cold fweat, and the Prefident to be carefull for the Kings revenues , left the loffe of them fhould be imputed to his wilfull negligence, in ftopping the frigots, whilfi hemight, and had warning given, This was butf{ad newes untome, who ‘knew not for the prefent,which way todifpofeof my felfe. !began to thinke of the thip that was at Realejo ready to fet out to Pasama,thinking that would now be my belt courfe, butenquiring afterit, 1 was for certaine informed by fome Merchants that it was newly gone. Then my eyes looked upon Comayagua and Traxillo, and upon the thips of Henduras, but thefewere but vaine and troubled.thoughts, ariling trom a perplexed heart, for the fhips were alfo gone from thence, without fome {mall veflell or frigot might.be there with newes from Havana or Carthagena (for thofe places fend often word and notice of what fhipsare abroad at fea but this alfo was a meer chance, and not to be trufted unto, as my friends did advife, and counfell me. Whereupon my perpiexity More and more increafed; onely my comfort was thacthere were more paflengers befides my felfe, who I knew muft take fome courfe, and whom I alfo refol- ved to follow by fea, or land, Amongft us all wewereonce refolving to hire a | frigottocarry us onely toCarthagena, but this would not bee granted, for no body would hazard hisveflel and lifetor our fakes. Whileft we were thus diftreffed and per- plexed. enquiring about Granada of the Merchants what courfe we might take to get to Spaine that yeer, orto meet with the Havana or Cartbagena, one that wifhed us well, countelled ¢ t New Survey of the Welt-Indies; om . I 87 : ' counfelled usto goe to Coftarica, where at Carthago we fhould be fure ta. hear of fome__ -. vellels bound for Portobel, either fromthe river called de los Anzuelis, or from the ris. ver called Sucre, from whence every yeer went out {ome {mall frigots tocarry Meale, ~ Bacon, Fowles, and other provifion for theGaleons to Portobel. This we thought was a hard and difficule, and of neera hundred and fifty leagues,over mon:taines and through defarts, where we fhould miflethe pleafure, variety, and dainties of Gua temala and Nicaragea, and after all this pcradventure might miffe of an opportunity of any frigot bound to Portobelo, Yet fo unwilling were we all to returne to Guatemar la from whence we came,that we would rather go forward,and undergoe any difficul- ties,fo that at laft we might find any fhipping to convey us where wemight meet with the Galeons, which we knew were not to come to Portobel, till the month of Fune-or july. Wetherefore agreed foure of us, three Spaniards and my felfe,togoe to Coftas rica, and there to trie our fortune. They had each of them ¢ as my felfehad ) carriage for one Mule,andnone toride on; _ but thought it their beft way to buy each of thema Mule to carry them, which they hoped after theirjourney tofell againe at Coftarica , and to get mony by them,and for their carriages to hire Mules and Indiens from Towneto Towne, whoalfo might ferve to guide us through many dangerous places and paflages, which we underftood werein the way. NowI withed ihad my Mule which I fold at San Adignel, or any one of the two which I fold before in Granae da. Butfor my mony Idoubtednot, withthe helpeof my Béackemore, but I fhouid find one for my purpofe.. I furnifhed my (elfe very {peedily, for fifty peeces ot eighe, of one which J feared not would performe my journey. My goodand trufty Black. more would willingly have gone on with me, and further round the worldif I would have permitted him; butI would not; but( thankedhim heartily for what he had done, and gave him money enough in his purfe,and difmifled him ) hoping thar the company of the three Spaniards would befufficient comfort unto me. - Thus with one Indian to euide.us we fet four of us out of Granada , enjoyi the two firft daies more of the pleaftire of that AZabomets paradite Nicaragus , the way for the molt parc plain, the Townes pleafant, the Countrey thady,and where fruits abounding. The fecond day after we fet out, we were much. afrie with a huge and monttrous Caimaii or Crocodile; which having come out of the Lake ( which we paffed by ) and lying crofflea puddle of water bathing himfelfe, and . waiting for {ome prey, as We perceived after, .whom we not knowing well atthe firtts butthinking that it had been {ome tree that was.telled of fallen,pafled clofe by it;when. ona fuddain we knew the {cales of the Cayman, and faw the monfter ftir and move 4 and fet himfelf againft us; wherewith we made halt from him;but he thinking to have made fome of us his greeay prey,ran afterus, which when we perceived,and that he was like co overtake us,we were much troubled, untill one of the Spaniard who knew better the nature & quality of that beaft then the relt)called upon us to turn.on one fide out of the way,and to ride on ftraight fora while,and then totarn on another fidesand foto circumflex our way which advice of his without doubt faved mine, or fome of %g the others lives, for thus we wearied chat mighty monfter aad efcaped from him, who Chad we rid out ftraightway )had certainly overtaken us sand killed fome mule or mans for his ttraight forward flight was as {wift as our Mulescould run; but whilft he turned and wheeled about his heavy body we got ground and advantage till we left him far behind us; and by this experience we came to know the nature and quality of chat 4 beaft, whofe greatneffe of body isno hinderance to run forward as {wife asa Mule; a at buc otherwife,as the Elephant once laid down is troubled to getup, fothis monfter | is heavy and {tiffe,and therefore much troubled to turneand wind about his body. We praifed God who had that day delivered us, and riding for a while by the fide of the lake,we were watchful that we might not fall again into the like danger.But the great- neff: of this lake of Granada may from hence be knowne,in that the fecond and third day of ourjourney, being at leaft three(core miles from whence we fetout,. we now and then found our way lying by it. After that wee had wholly lof the fight of it, webegan to enter into rough and craggy wayes, declining more to the South then tothe North fea. . And inall théreft of our journey to Garthzge; we obferved nothing worth committing to pofterity, but onely mighty woods and trees:.on thé South fea fide, very fit for to make {trong fhips, and many mountaines anddefert plas ces, where we lay fometimes two nights together, either in woods.or open fields, far es from from any Town or habitation ot Jndians,yet tor our comfort in thefe {o defert places we had flil a guide with us,and fouad lodges,which by the command of the necrett Juftices had been fet upfor fuch as travelled that way.We came at laftchrough thoufand dan- gers to thecity of Carthago,which we found not to be fo poor as in richer places,as Gua- temala and Nicaragéa it was reported tobe. For there we bad occafion to inquire after fome Merchants tor exchange of gold and filver, and wee found thae fome were ver: rich, who traded by Landand Sea with Panama, and by Sea with Portobelo, Cartha- gena, and Havana, and from thence with Spain. This City mayconfift of foure hun- dred Families, and is governed by a Spasifh Governour 3 Itis a Bifhops Sea, and hath init three Cloifters, two of Fryers, andone of Nuns. Here wee began to enquire af- ter that which had brought us chrough fo many Mountaines, Woods and deferts, to wit, after fome {peedy occafion of thipping our telves for Portcbelo or Carthagena; and according to our delires wee underftood ot one Frigat almoft ready to fet cut from the River called De los Anzuelos, and another from the River Swere ; and being well in- formed that Suere would beethe belt place for us to Travaile unto by reafon of more provifion inthe way, more Towns of Indians,and Eftancia’s of Spaniards, we refolved within foure dayes atter wee had refted in Carthago,to undertake a new journey towards the North Sea. Wee found that Country mountainous in many places , yet here and there fome Valleys wherewas very goodcorn, Spaniards living in good Farmes,who as well as the Indians bred many hogss but the Townes of Jndians we found much unlike to thofe which wee had left behind in Nicaragua and Guatemala, and the people in curtefieand civility much differing from them, and of a rude and bold carriage! and behaviour towards us; yet they are kept under by the Spaniards, as much asthofe whom I have formerly fpoken of about Gratemala, Wee camein{o good a time to the River Swere, that wee ftayed there but three dayes in a Spanifo Farm neere unto it “ and departed. The Matter of the Frigat was exceeding glad of ourcompany, and offered to carry mee fornothing, but for my prayers to God for him, and tor a fafe paflage; which hee hoped would not bee above three or four daies failing.. What hee carried was no- thing buttome Hony, Hides, Bacon, mealand fowles. The greateft danger he told us of, was the fetting out from the River,(which ransin fome places with a very {trong ftream, is fhallow and full of rocks in other places) ‘till wee come forth to the maine Sea. Whither we got out fafely and had not failed on above twenty leagues,when we difcovered. two fhipsmaking towards tis ; our hearts began to quake, and the Mafter himfelfe of the Frigat wee perceived was not without feare, who fufpected that they were Englifb, or Holand Ships, wee had no guns nor weapons to fight with, {ave one= ly foure or five Muskets and half a dozen Swords ; wee thought the wings of our nim- ble Frigat might be our beft comfort, and flying away our chiefeft fafety.. Buc this comfort foon began to fail us, and our belt fafety was turned into neer approaching danger; for before wee could flie on five leagnestowards Portobel, wee could from our Top Matt eafily perceive the two Ships to be Hollandirs, and too nimble for our little Veflell, which prefencly oneof them (which being aMan of Warre, was too much and too ftrong for our weakneffe) fetchtup, and with a thundring Meffage made us {trike Saile. Without any fighting wee durit not but yeeld, hoping for better mercy, But O what fad thoughts did hererun to and fro my dejected heart, which was ftruck down lower then our Saile How did T fometimes look upon Deaths frighting vilage? Butit again I would comfort and incourage my felfe againft this feare of Death, how then did T begin to f€e anend of all my hopes of ever more returning to my wi- fhedand defired Country? How did I fee chat my treafure of Pearles, pretious Stones, and peeces of Bight, and golden Piftols, which by finging I had got in twelve yeers {pace, now within one halfe houre ready tobe loft with weeping, and becomea fure prey tothofe who with as much eafe asl got them, and with laughing were ready to {poilemee of all that with the found of Flutes, Waits and Organs J had fo long been -hording up? Now I faw I muft forcedly and fainedly offer up to a Hollander what {u- perftitious, yea alfo forced and fained offerings of Indians to their Saints of Mixes, Pinola, Amatitlan and Petopa had for'a whileenrichedmee. My further thoughts were foone interrupted by the Hol/andéers who came abord our F rigat with more {peed then wee defired. Though their Swords, Musketsand Piftols did nota littleterrifie, yet Wee were fomewhat-comforted, when wee underftood who was their chief Captaine and icin Joi pied hd on i} ay Tel and Commander,and hoped for more mercy from him, who had been born and _ brought up amonglt Spaniards, then from the Holl anders, who as they were little bound unto the Spavifb Nation for mercy, fo did wee expe& little from them. The Captain of this Holland Ship which took us was a Mulatco,born and bred in Havana,whofe Mo- ther I faw and {poke with afterwards that fame yeer, when the Galeons ftruck into that Port to expect there the reft that wereto come from Vere Cruz. This Mulatto for fome wrongs which had been offéred unto him from fome commanding Spaniards in the Havana, ventured himfelfdefperately in a boat out to the Sea,where were fome Holland Ships waiting for a prize, and with Gods helpe getting unto them, yeelded himfelf to their mercy, which hee efteemed farre better then thatof hisown Country- mien , promiling to ferve them taithfully againft hisowne Nation, which had mot ins jurioufly and wrongfully abufed, yea and (as I was afterwards informed) whipped him inthe Havana _ , a This Mulatto proved (0 true and faithfullin his good fervices unto the Holland-ry Re that they efteemed mnch of him, marryed him to one oftheir Nationjand made him Captain of a Ship ander that braveand gallant Hollander whom the Spaniards then fo much feared, and named, Piede Palo, or Woodden Leg... This famous Mulatto it wasthac with his Sea Souldiers borded our Frigat, in the which hee had found little worth hislabour, had it not been for the Zadians offerings which I carryed with mee, of which I loft thatday the worth of four thoufand Patacons or peeces of eight in pearles, and pretious ftones, and neer three thoufand more in money. The other Spaniards loft fome hundreds a peece, which was fo richa prize, thatit madethe Hoi- danders tomach loath the reft of our grofle provifion of Bacon, Meale and Fowles, and our money tafted {weeter unto them, then the Hony which our F rigat alfo afforded them. Other things I had (asa Quilt to lie on, fome Bookes, and Lamina’s, which are pictures in brafle, andclothes) which I begged of that Noble Captaine the Mu- latto, who conlidering my Ordersand calling, gave mee them freely, andwifhed me to bee patient, faying that hee could doe no otherwife then he did with my mony and Pearles, and uling thatcommon Proverbeat Sea, Oy por wi manana por ti, to day fortune hath been for mee, to morrow it may bee for thee: orto day I have got what to morrow I may lofe again,Here I made ufe alfo of that common faying,that il gotten goods never thrive,and perceived it was the willof my heavenly Father to take from me. what founlawfully by fuperftitious and idolatrous Maffes,by Offerings unto Idols and Statues of Saints Thad gotamongft the Indians. 1 offered in lieu of thofe former offer= ings my will unto my Lord Gads will, defiring him to grant mee patience to bear that great loffe. J confefle, though it was very crofle to fleth and blood > yet I found an inward {pirituall ftrengthning from above,and to be very true what Panfwrites to the Hebrewsinthe 12 Chapter, and Verfe 11. faying, No chaftening for the prefent feemerh to bee joyous, hut grievous ; mevertbeleffe afiermard it yeeldeth rhe peaceable fruit of righteouf~ neffe unto them which are exercifed tbereby: for that very day 1 found my inward man quiet and peaceable with a full and totall fubmiffion unto’ the holy will of God, which Idefired might becdone in earth, inthe Sea, and performed and obeyed by me atthat prefent, as itisalwayes done inheaven. And although this was my beft and chief comfort, yet from the creatureby the Creators permiflion Thad alfo fome com- fort left in a few piltols, fome fingle, fome double » which I had fowed up in my Quile (which the Captain reftored unto mee, laying it was thebedJ lay in) and ‘inthe doublet which I had at that prefent, which mounted to almoft a thoufand Crownes, andin their fearching was not found out, After the Captain and Soul- diers had well viewed their prize, they thought of refrefhing their ftomacks with feme of our provifion; the good Captaine made a flately dinnerin ourF rigat,and invited mee untoit, and knowing that I was going towards the Havana, befides many other brindi’s or healchs, heedrank oneunto his mother, defiring meetofee her, and to re- member himunto her, and how that for her fake hee had uled mee well and courte= oufly in what hee could; and furtherat Table hee faidthat for my fake hee would give us Our F'rigat that wee might return againto land, and that mightfind out from thence fome fafer way and means to get to Portobels, & to continue on my journey un« toSpaia. After dinner I conferred withthe Captain alone,and told him that I was no Spaniard, butan Englifo man born,thewing him the Licence which f had from Rometo ; 50 ‘ ea gee ne? tained by my friends.) and to fettle my telfe there, untill I had againe by facrilegi- . ous, bafey fuperftitious, and idolatrous means, and works, made upanew purfeto returne with credit home. But I perceiving that God alieady had fhewed himfelfe angry, and juflly taken from me, what by urflawfull meanes I had in cwelve yeers obtaincd,bad Satan aveunt, pur- pofing ”“ errno eer tye hrc tt preg eno New Survey ofthe Welt-Indiess pofing never more to returne to the flefh pots of Egypt, and to goe fill. homre-mards, though in the way Idid beg my bread. Yet( lett Imightbe fufpe&ed amongft the Spaniard s,and troubled for notcxercifing my orders andfun&ion") J refolved to take what as toa ftranger a nd traveller for preaching or any other exercife might be offer- ed unto me. Thus with courage refolving to goe on fill towards England, I enquired at Carthago which way I might get to Portobelo. Butthis doore of hope was faft {hut up; though my truftin Gods providence was not weakened, In thisieafon, there came to Car- ‘tbagotome two or three hundred Mules unfadled or unloaden with fome Spaniards , In- dians, and Black-mores, fromthe parts of Comayagua and Guatemala toconvey them to Panama by land, over the mountaines of Veragua there to be fold. This is the yeer~ ly and onely trading by land, which Guatemala, Comayagu: , and Nicaragua, hath with Paxame over that narrow Ijtbmys lying between the North, and South fea, which is very dangerous by reafon of the craggy waies, rockes, andmountaines, but more efpecially by reafon of many Heathens,Barbarians and {avage people, which as yet are not conquered by the Spaniards,and fometimes do great hurt and mi(chiet, and Kill chofe that wich Mules pafle through their Countrey, efpecially if they mifdemean themfelves, or pleafe them {not well. Yet forall thefe difficulties,{ was entertaining a thought to go along with chofe Mules and Spaniards,which were now on their way by land to Panama, The three Spaniards were halfe of the fame mind;but the providence of God who better ordereth and difpofech mansaffaires then he himfelfe, difappointed thefe our thoughts for our good and fafety, as after we wereinformed ; for we heard for certain at Nicoya,that {ome of thofe Mules and Spaniards were killed by the Barba- rians and favage Indians, amongft whom my life might have been loft, if I had aitem- ted chat hard and dangerous journey;from which many well wifhers at Cartoago did diffwade me,both for the danger of the Jadians,and for the difficulties of the waies and mountaines, which they told me the weakenefle of my body would never indure. Af= ter we had wholly defifted from this Land journey, the beft counfell,that we had from fome Merchants our friends, was to try whether Afar del Zur, or the South fea,would favour our defigneand journey,better then the AZsr del Norte, or the North fea had done; who wifhed us to goe to Nicaya, and from thenceto Chita, and to the Golfo de Salina, where they doubted not but we fhould find thipping to Panama. Wee were willing to follow any good advife and counfell; yet we knew that this was the laft (hift which we could make,and the so plus ultra of our hopes,and that if here we fhould be: difappointed, we couldexpe& no other way ever to get to Panama, except we fhould venture our lives molt defperately over the mountaines of Veragns, and by land with- out any guide or company through the Countrey of the Barbarians, (who before had flaine fome Spsniards palling that way ) or elfe fhould returne againe, all the way that we had come,to Realejo, where our hopes might be fruftrated, and peradventure nofhipping found for Panama, without a yeers waiting for it, | 2 We refolved therefore to follow this our friends countell, and to goe yetto Necaya, and from thenceto Golfo de Salinas, wherelaughing, told the three Spaniards of my company, that if we were difappointed, we would like Hercules fecup a Pillar to e- ternize our fame, with our names, and this infcription upon it, Nox plus Vitra, for that beyond it there was no other Port; Haven, orplacc, to take fhipping to Panama: neither could any man have done more( nor ever did any Englifb man. in that Coun- trey doe more then my f¢lfe )then wee had done, but efpecially my felfe, who from | Mexico had thus travelled by land to Nicoya at leaft fix hundred leagues , or eighteen . hundred Englifh miles Rraight from North to Souch ,befides what I had travelled from Vera Cruz to Mexico, and from GuatemalatoVera Paz, and to Puerto de Cavalios,or Golfo dulce, and fromthence to Trwsillo, and from thence back againe to Guatemala, which was at leaft thirteen or fourteen hundred Exglif miles more,which I thought to eternize upona pillar at Niegya. But what there was not ere&ted, I hope here fhall be eternized, and that this my true and faithfull Hiftory (hall beea Monument of three. thoufand,and three hundred miles travelled by an Engli(b man, within the main land of A merica,befides other fea navigations to Pazanea, from Portobelto Carthagena,and from thenceunto the Havana. The way which we travelled fromCarthagoto Nicoya was very -mountainous,hard,& unpleafant,for we met with few Eftancia’s of Spaviards,and few Indian Townsy and thofevery poor,fmal,and.all of deje&ed and wretched people. Yet. | Nicoya ~ New Surony ofthe WWele-Indies, Nicoya isa pretty Towne, and head of a Spanifb government, where wee found one. Fufto de Salazar, Alcalde Maior, who entertained us very well, and provided lodg- ings forus for the time that wee fhould abide there > and comforted us with hopeful words, thatthough for.the prefent there was no fhip or frigat in the Golfe of Salinas, yet he doubted not, but very fhortly one would come from Panama thither, for Salt and other commodities, as yeerly they were wont. The time of the yeer when we came thither, was a fittimetor me to getagaine {ome monies after my great loflesfor it was in Lent which is the Friers chiefelt harveft, who (as I have before obferved) then by Confeflions and by giving the Communion get many money offerings. The time, and the Francifcan Frier who had the Paftorfhip and charge of that Towne, wereboth very commodious unto me,who could not refnfe as long as I ftay- ed there to exercifemy funGion, left. thould bring a jutt caufe of fufpition and afper= fion uponimy felfe, The Frier of the Townewasa Portingal, who about three weeks betore my comming thither had hada very great bickering and ftrife with Fufte de Sa- lazar the Alcalde Maior, for defending the Indians, whom Salazar did grievoully opprefle, employing them in his, and his wifes fervice as flaves, and not paying thens what for the {weat of their browes was due unto them, and commanding them tobe from their home and from their wives, and from their Church upon the Sabbath, working for him as wellthat day asany other, Which the Frier not enduring, char- ged them in the pulpit, not to obey.any fuch unlawful! commands from their Alcalde Maior, But Fufto de Salazar ( whohadbeen trained up in warresand fighting, and had ferved formerly in the Caftle of Milan) thoughtit a great difparagement unto him, now to be curbed by a Fricr, and by fach a one to beinterrupted in his government of - the Indians,and in the waies of his owne lacre and gaine., Therefore after many bic= ter words and defiances, which had pafled between him and the Frier, he came one day refolutely to the Friers houfe with his {worddrawne ; and certainly had not the Frier been_aflifted by fomeof the Indians, hehad killed him. The Frier being as hot ashe, and ftanding upon his-calling, Orders, and Preifthood , prefuming that hee durft not touch him violently; left his priviledge thould bring an excommunication up-= on the ftriker and offendour, would-notfiie from him, butdared him boldly; which was a flrong provocation to Sélezars heat andpaffion, andcaufed him to lift up his {word, and aime his blow and ftroke at the Frier; which fell fo unhappily that with ithe ftrucke of two of the Friers fingeis,and had undoubtedly feconded another blow more hurtfuil and dangerons to theFricr, had not the Indians interpofed themfelves, and that up their Preift into hischamber. Fujto was for this ation excommunicated, yet for that he wasaman of high authority, he foone got off his excommunication from the Bifhop of Coftarica, and fent his complaint to the Chancery of Guatemala againit the Frier, where with friends and mony he doubted not but to overcome the Mendicant Preift, as it happened after; for Cas J was informed ) hee caufed the Frier to be fent for up to the Court, and there prevailed {0 much againtthim, that he got him to be removed from Nicgya.. In this feafon the Frier kept his houfe and chambers and would by no meané goe out tothe Church, either to fay Maffe, orto preach, of hear Confeflions, ( all which that time of the yeer did require of him ) but had got onetohelpehim; who alone not being able to performe fo great a charge of many hundred Indians, Spaniards, Black-mores, and Mulait’?s, who from the Countre without, andfromthe Towne within expected to have their Confeflions heard, their fins abfoived, the word preached, andthe Communion to be given them ; hearing of my comming defired me to affift and helpe him, and that for my paines 1 fhould have my meat and drinkeathistable, and aCrowne daily for every Mafle,and whatfoever elfethe people fhould voluntarily offer, befides the Sermons, which fhould be well re« wardedunto me. I ftaied in this Towne fromthe fecond week of Lent untill Eafter weeke, where what with chreeSermonsat ten Crownesa peece, what with my daily ftipend and) many other offerings, I got aboutan hundred and fifty Crownes. The weekc before Eafter newescame of a frigat from Panama to Golfo de Salinas, which much comforted us, who already began to miftruftthe delay. The Mafter of the frigat came to Niceya, which isas Court thereabouts; and with him the three Spani- ards ana my ielfe agreed for our paflageto Panama. About Chira, Golfo de Salinas and Nicoya, there are fome farmes ot Spaniards, few and very {mall Indian Townes, who areall like flaves employed by the Alcalde Maior, to make him a kind of thred called Pita, ‘A New Survey of the Wel-Indicd. Pica, whichisa very rich Commodity in Spain, efpecially of that colour wherewith icis dyed in thefe parts of Nicoja, which a is purple colour; for the which the Izdians are here much charged to work about the Sea (hore, and there to finde out certdin hela, wherewith they make this purple dye. There are alfo thels for other col ours, which are not knowne to be fo plentifally in any other placeas here, About Chira and Golfode Salinas the chief commodities are Salt, Hony, Maiz, fone Wheat and Fowles, whichevery yeer they fend by fome few Frigatsto Panemz, which from thence come on purpote to fetch them With this pur- ple coloured thred, or Pita, which Ihavefpokenof, The Frigat which came when I was there,was foon laden with thefe Comimodities,and with it we fet out hopi ng to have been at Panama within five or fix dayes.. But as often before we had been crofled, {o likewife in this fhort paflage wee were itriving wich the Wind, Sea, and Corrientes; as theyarecalled (which are {wift ftreamesas of aRiver) fourefull weekes. After the firlt day that wee fet out, wee were driven witha wind and ftorme towards Peru, till wee came under the very A.quinoétiall line, where what with exceflive heat, what with mighty ftormes, we utterly defpaired of life. But after one week that we had thus ran towards, it pleafed God ia whom andby whom all creatures live, move, and have their being, to comfort usagaine with hopesof life, fending us a profperous gale, which drove us out of that EquinoGtiall heat, and ftormy Sea, towards the Iflands of Perlas,and Puerta de Chame,lying on the South fide of the Mountaines of Veragua, trom whence wee hoped within twodayes at the moft, to beat reft and Anchor at Panama; But yet thefe our hopes were fruftrated, for there our wind was calmed,and we fell up- on thofe trong Corrientes or ftreams, which draveus backin the night for the {pace of almoft a fortnight as much as wee had failed inthe day. Had not God againe been merciful here unto us,we had certainly perifhed in this our ftriving with the ftream ; for although wee wanted not provifion of foods yet our drink failed us fo, that for foure . dayes weetalted neither drop of wine or water, orany thing that might quench our thirft, fave onely a little hony which wee found did caufe more thirltin us,which made mee and fome others to'drink our own Urine, ‘and to refreth our mouthes with peeces of lead bullets, which did for awhile refrefh, bat would not long have fufliced Na-= tureshad not Gods good Providence fent us fuch a wind which in theday drave us quite off from thofe Corrientes. Our firft thoughts were then to {trike either to the Conti- nent,or fome Ifland of many which were aboutus to feek for water,fnding our bodies ~, weak and languifhing ; which the Captaine of the Ship would by no meanes yeeldun- “to, affuring us that that day hee would land us at Panama; but weenot being able to faile on without drink, unleffe wee fhould yeeld to havé our dead and not live bodies _Landed where hee promiled, thought it no good purchafethough we might buy all Panama with our lives, which wee judged could nothold out another day ; and (ecing that the wind beganteflacken, we all required him to {trike into fome I{land for wa- ter;which he ftubbornly refufed and denyed to doe; whereupon the three Spaniards and fome of the Mariners mutined againft him with drawn Swords,threatning to kill him if he becooke not himfelfe prefently to fomelfland. The good Mafter thought it bad {portto fee Swords athisbreaft, and fo commanded his Ship to bee turned to two or three Hlands,which were not above two or three houres fail fromus. When wedrew | nigh untothem, wee caftour Anchor, and our Cock-boat, and happy was hee that : could firft caft himfelf into ic to be rowed toland to fill his belly with water. The firft Ifland wee landed upons was on that fide unhabitable,where wee {pent much time running to and fro,over heating our {elves and increafing our thirft; thus whilft one ranone way, and another tryed another to find out fome fountain, our hopes being fruftrated and I loft in the Wood, and my fhooes torne from my feet,with ftony rocks, and many thornes and bufhes in other places; my company betook themfelves to the Cockeboat totry another Ifland, leaving mee alone, and loft in the Wood; out of which at lat when I came, and found the Cock-boat gone from the fhore; 1 began to confider my felf adead man, thinking that they had found water and were gone. toShip, and not finding mee would hoife wp their failes for Params. Thus being deje&ted Icryed outto the Ship, which I perceived could not poflibly hear my weak voyce, and ranning up and down the Rocks to fee if I could difcover the Cock-boat, : I perceived it was not with the Ship, and efpied it atthenextIfland. Wich this I be- bs gan to hopebetter things of them that they would call for mee when they had gotten | Ce water § 194 “A NewSuroey of the Weft-Indies, water; fol came down fromthe Rocks tothe plain fhore, where I found a fhade of trees and amongft them fome berries (which might have been poifon, for I knew them not) wherewith I refrefhed my mouth for a while , but my body fo burned that I thought there with heat, weakneffe and faintneffe I fhould have expired and given up theGhoft, Wchoughtby ftripping my felfe naked and going into the Sea unto my neck, Imightthus refrelhmy body, whichI did, andcomming out againe into the - fhade, I fellinto a deep fleep, in fo much that the Cock-boat comming for mee, and the company hollowing untomee, Lawaked not, which made them teare that I was deador loft, till landing, one fearched for mee one way, and another another, and fo they found me,who might have been a prey to fome wild Beaft,or flept till the Frigat had gone away; and fo have perifhed in a barren and unhabitable land. When they awaked mee, I was gladto fee my good company, and the firft thing T enquired for, was, if they had got any water; they bad mee bee of good cheere and arife, for they had water cnough, and Oranges and Lemmons from another Ifland, where they mec with Spaniards that did inhabit it. I made hafte with them tothe Boar,and no fooner was Tentredinto it, but they gave meeto drink as much asI would, The water was warme and unfetled, for they could not take it up fo but that they tooke of the gravell and bottome of the Fountain, which made it looke very muddy 3 yet for all this {as though my life had depended uponic) I drank upa whole pot ot it; which no fooner hadI dranke, but fuch was the weaknelfle of my ttomack that it prefently caft ic up a- gaine not being able to beare it. With this they wifhed me to eat an Orange ora Lem- mon; but themalfo did my ttomack reje&t, {0 to our Frigat wee went, and in the way | fainted fo that the company verily thought I would die, before wee got aboard, When wee came thither-I called againe for water, which was no fooner downe my {to- mack, but prefently up again; they had mee to bed with a burning Feaver upon mee; where I Jay that night expeCting nothing but death, and that the Sea fhould bee my rave. | 7 : The Mafter of the Ship feeing the wind wasturned,beganto beemuch troubled,and feared that with that wind he fhould never get to Panama. He refolved to venture upon away, which never before hee had tryed ; which was, to get between the two Iflands which wee had fearched for water, knowing thatthe wind, which on this fide was contrary, onthe other fide of the I{lands would bee favourable unto him. Thus to~ wards the Evening heetookeup Anchor and hoifed up his failes, and refdlved to paffe his Frigat betwen the two Iflands; which how dangerous and defperate an attempt it was,the event witnefled.I lay in this feafon(as I may truely fayjapon my death bed,not regarding which way the Mafter ofthe Ship,or fortune carried mee,fo that the mercy of the Lord carryed my foule to heaven. No fooner had the Frigat fteered her courfe between the narcow paflageof thetwo Iflands, when being carryed with the ftream too much to the one fide of theland ic ranupona Rock, fo that chevery ftern was lif- ted up, and almoft caft out of the Pilotshands, who cryed out not to God, butunto the Virgin Mary laying, Ayudad nos Virgen Santiffima, que i no aqui nos perccemos, help us, Omolt holy Virgin, for if not, here were perifh. This,and the outcry of all that were in the Frigat gaveunto mee an Alarm of death; from thewhich yet it pleafd God by the meanes and diligence of the painefull Mariners to deliver meeand all the Company, for with much adoe moft part of that night they haled from the Cock- boat the Frigat off fromthe Rock, after the ftreame had made it three feverall times to itcikeuponit. After a very troublefome night in the morning weegotour little Ship out of all danger and from between the two Iflands on the other fide of them, where wee failed profperouflly towards Panama, That morning my ftomack recovered fome of its loft ftrength, and I began to eat and to drink,and to walk about, rejoycing much to fee thofe pleafant Iflands which wee failedby. Inthe Evening weegotto Puerto de Perico, where wee caft Anchor, ‘expecting to bee fearchedin the morning; but that night(the Mafter of our Ship having gone to fhore the wind turned and blew fo ftrong that weeloftour Anchor,and and were driven back almoft to Ja Pacheque and feared wee {hould bee carried out into the Ocean againe fo farre that we fhould with great dif- ficulty get to Paxama.But that God whom the Sea and winds doe obey, turned againe thatcontrary wind into a profperous gale,wherewith wee came once more unto Pericos and being fearched wee went on with full fail to Panama, Being neere the Port and without an Anchor in our Ship the wind once more blew us back and had not ae ae . vialter Ga: ANew Survey of the Weft-Indies, 195 Matter fentus an Anchor, we had gon againe to Pacheque or further. But with that | anchor we ftayed all that night at Perico, wondring among our felves that fo man crofles fhould befall us, which made fome fay that we were bewitched ; others , that certainly there wasamongft us (ome excommunicated perfon, whom they faidif they knew of,they would harle him over bord.Whilftthey were in this difcourfe,the wind turned yet againe, and we levying our anchor went on to Paxama, whither it pleated. God that timefafely tocondu&us in. I being now well (trengthened made no ftay in that frigar, which I thought would have been my laft abiding place in this world, but wentto land, and betooke my felfe tothe Cloifterof the Dominicans, where! ftay- ed almoft fifteen daies viewing and reviewing thatCity; which is governed like Guate- malaby a Prefident and {ix Judges, and a Court of Chancery , and isa Bifhops fea. Te hath more ftrength towards the South fea, then any other Pore which on that fide J had feens and fome Ordnances planted for thedefence of it; but the houfes are of the leaft ftrength of any place that { had entredin; forlime and ftone is hard tocome by, and therefore for that reafon, and for the great heat there,moft of the houfes are buile of timber andbords; the Prefidents houfe, nay the beft Church walls are but bords, which ferve for ftone and bricke, and fortilestocover thetop. The heat is fo extra- ordinary that a linnen cut doublet, with fome flight ftuffe or taffetic breeches is the common cloathingof theinhabitants. Fifh, fruits and herbage for fallets is more plentifull there then fleths the coole water of the Coco is the womens beft drinke, though Chocolatte alfo, and much wine from Pers be very abounding. The Spaniards are in this City much given tofinne, loofeneffe and venery efpecially , whomake the Black-mores,( who are many, rich, and gallant _) the chiete objets of their Iuit, Icis held tobe oneof the richeft places in all America, having by land and by the river Chiagre commerce withthe North fea,: andby che South, trading with all Perw,Eaft- India’s, Mexico, and Honduras. Thitherisbroughe the chiefe treafure of Per in two or three great fhips,which lie at anchor at Peerto de Perico fome three leagues from the City; for the great ebbing of the fea at that placeefpecially fuffereth not any great vellell to come neerer, where daily the feaebbsand falls away from the City two or three miles,leaving a mud,which is thought to caufe much unhealthineffe in that place, being feconded with many other muddy and moorifh places about the Town. Itcon- fitteth of fome five thoufand inhabicants, and maintaineth at leaft eight Cloifters of Nunsand Friers. I feared much the heats, and therefore made as much hafte out of ic asIcould: Ihadmychoiceof company by land and water to Portobelo, But confic dering the hardnefle of the mountaines by land, Irefolved to goe by the river Chiagres and fo at midnight I fet out from ‘Panama to Venta de Crazes, which is ten or twelve leaguesfromit, The way is thither very plaine for the moft part, and pleafant in the morning and evening. ies Before ten of the clock we got to Ventade Cruzes, wherelivenonebut AZulstio’s and Black-mores, who belong unto the flat boates that carry the merchandize to Portobel. There had very good entertainment by that people, who defired me to preach unto them the next Sabbath day, and gave me twenty Crownes foraSermon, and procef_i- on. ° After five daies of my abodethere, the boats fetout, which were much ftop- ped in their paflage downe the river ; for in fome places we found the water very low, {o that the boats ran uponthe gravell; from whence with poles and the ftrength ofthe Black-mores they were to be lifted off againe;fometimes again we met with fuch ftreams thatcarried us with the {wiftneffe of an arrow downe under trees and boughes by the river fide, which fometimes alo ftoppedustill we had cut downe great branches of trees. Had not it pleafed God to fend us after the firft weeke plentifull raine, which made the water run downe from the mountaines and fillthe river ( which otherwile of it felfeisvery thallow ) we might have bad a tedious and longer paflage; but after twelve daies we got to the fea,and at the point landed atthe Caftle to refrefh our felves for halfeaday, . Certainly the Spaniards truft to the ftreames and fhallowneffe ofthat river, which they chinke will keep off any forain nation, from attempting tocome up to Venta de Cruzes and from thenceto Pazama, or elfe they would ftrengthen more and fortifie that Caftle, which in my time wanted great reparations, and was ready to falldownetothe ground. The Governour of theCaftle wasa notable wine-bibber, who plyed us with that liquor the time that we {tayed there, and wanting a Chaplain for himfelfe, and Souldiers, would faine have had me ftayed with him ; but greate 32 “matters guel farther in the Port. When I came into the HavenI was forry to fee that as yet the Galeons were not come from Spaine, knowing thatthe longer I ftayed in that place,greater would be my charges. Yet I comforted my felfe that the time of ‘the yeer was come, and that they could not longdelay their coming. My firftthoughts were of taking up a lodging, which at that time were plentiful] andcheape, nay fome were offered me for nothing with this caveat, that when theGaleons did come, Imufteither leave them, or pay a dear rate for them. AkindGentleman, who was the Kings Treafurer, falling in difcourfe with me promifed tohelpe me, that I mightbe cheaply lodged even when the {hips came, and lodgings were at thehigheft rate. Hee, interpofing his authority,went with metofeekeone, whichatthe time of the fleets beingthere, mightcontinue to be mine, Itwas no bigger then would containea bed, atable, anda ftoole or two,with roome enough befides to open and fhut the doore, and they demanded of me for ic during the forefaid time of the Fleet , fixcore Crownes, which commonly isa fort- . night. For the Towne being little, and the Souldiers, that come with the Galeens for their defence at leaft four or five thoufand;befides Merchants from Per#,from Spain and many other places to buy and fell, is the caufethat every roome, though never fo {mall be dear; and fometimes all the lodgings in the Towne are few enough for fo many people, which atthat timedoe meet at Portobel, I knew a Merchant whogavea thoufand Crownes fora fhop of reafonable bigneffe,to fell his waresand commodities that yeer that I was there, for fifteen daies only,which the Fleet continued to bein that Haven. I thought it much for me to give the fixcore Crownes which were demanded of me for aroom,which was but as a moufe hole, andbegan tobe troubled,and told the Kings Treafurer that I had been lately robbed at fea, and was not ableto giyefo much 5 and bee befides at charges for my diet, which [feared would prove as much mores Butnota farthing would be abated of what wasasked; whereupon the gocd Treafurer pitying me,offered to the man of the houfe to pay him threefcore Growrs of it,if fo be that I was able to pay the reft,which I muft doe, or elfe lie without in the treet, Yet till the Fleet did come I would not enter into this deare hole, but accept- ted of another faire lodging which was offered mefor nothing. Whileft I thus ex- pected the Fleets coming, fome mony and offerings I got for Mafles, and fortwo Ser- mons which I preachedat fifteen Crownes apeece. IJ vifitedthe Caftles, which in- deed feemed unto me tobe very {trong ; but what moft I wondred at was to fee the re- ua’s of Mules which camethither trom Pazama,laden with wedges of filver; in one day I told two hundred Mules laden with nothing elfe, which were unladenin the publicke Market place, fo that there the heapes of filver wedges lay like heaps of ftones in the ftreet, without any feare or fufpition of being loft. Within ten daies the fleee came, confifting of eight Galeons and ten Merchant fhips, which forced me to run to my hole. It was a wonder then to fee the multitude of people in thofe frreets which the weeke before had been empty. Then began the price of all things to rife,a fowl to be worth twelve Rials,which in the main land within I had often bought for one; a pound of beefe then was worth two Rialls,whereas I had had in other places thirteen pound for halfa Riall,and fo of all other food and provifion,which was fo exceflive dear, that I knew not how to live butby fifhand Tortoifes, which therearevery many, andthough fomewhat deare, ‘yet werethecheapett meat that I couldeate. Ic was worth feeing how Merchants fold their commodities, not by the Ell or yard, but by the piece and weight,not paying in coined peeces ofmony , but in wedges which were weighed and taken for commodi- ties. This lafted but fifteen dayes, whilfttheGaleons werelading with wedges of filver and nothing elfe; fo that for thofe fifteen dates, Idare boldly fay and avouch, See that oR SINE Nn i ti. A New S urvey of the W eft-Indies ; chat in the world thereis no greater Fair then that of Portobel , between the Spanif Merchants and thofe of Perz,Panama, and other partsthereabouts. “aba Wohileft this trafique was, it happened-tnto me, that which I have formerl y tefti- fied inmy Recantation Sermon at Paxs Church, which ifby that meaues it have not come unto the knowledge of many, I defire again to recordit in thismy Hiftory,that to all England it may bepublifhed ; which was,chat one day faying Maffe in thechiefe Church, after che Confecration of the bread, being with miy-eyes fhut at that mentall prayer,which the Church of Rome calleth the Memento for their dead,there came from behind the Alcar a moufe,which running about,cameto the very bread or wafer God of the Papitts, and taking ic in his mouth ran away with it, not being perceived by any of the people who were at Maffe,tor that the Alcar was highby reafon of thefteps go- ing upto it, andthe peoplefarrebeneath, But as fooneas I opened my eyes to goe on with my Maffe, and perceived my God ftollen away, looked about the Alcar,and faw the monfe runningaway withit; whichona fuddain didfo ftupifieme, thac I knew not well what todoeor fay, and calling my witstogether, I thought that if I ‘fhould take no notice of the milchance, and any bodyelfe in the Ghurch fhould, I mighejultly be qualtioned by the Inguifition,but if I fhould call to the people to look for the Sacrament, then I might bee put chid and rebuked for my careleffenefle, which of the two [ chought would be more eafily borne, then the rigour of the Inguifition. W hereupon not knowing what the people had feen, I turned my felfe unto chem,and called them wets the Altar, and told them plainely,that whileft was in my Memento prayers and meditations,a moufe had carried away the Sacrament,and that! knew not whitto dos, unleffe they would helpe me to fiad it out again. The people called a Prieft that was at hand, who prefently brought in mote of his Coat; and asif their God by this had been eaten up they prefently prepared themfelyes to find out the thief, asif they would eat up the moufe that had fo aflaulted and abafed their Gods they lighted candles and torches to find out the Malefa&tour in his fecret and hidden places of the wall, and after much fearching and enquiry for the facrilegious beaft , they foundat laltin a hole of the wall the Sacrament halfe eatenup; which with great joy they took out,and.as if the Arkehad been brought again from the Philifines to the » Tfraclites,{o they rejoyced for their new found God, whom with many people now re(orted tothe Church, with many lights of candles and Torches, with joyfull and folenine muficke they carried abouttheChurch in proceffion. M y telfe was prefent upon my knees, fhaking and quivering for what might bedone unto mee > and ex- petting my doome and judgement; and as the Sacrament pafled by me,I obferved in it the markesand fignes of the teeth ofthe moufe ,. as they are to bee fen ina piece of cheele gnawne and eaten by it. : | Se: ae This itrack mee with fach horrour, that I cared not at that prefent whether I had been torne in a thoufand peices for denying publickely that Moufeneaten God, ¥ called to my belt memory all Philofophy concerning {ubltance and accidents, and re- folved within my felfe that what I faw gaawne, wasnotan accident, but fome reall fubftance eaten and devoured by thatvermin, which certainly was fed and nourifhed by what ic had eaten, and Philofophy well teacheth 5 fubftantza Cibi( non accidentis )con- versiiur infubftantiam alist, the fubftance(notthe accident) ofthe food or meat is con- verted, and turned into the fubfiance of the thing fed by itand alimented ; Now here 1 knew that this Moufe had fed upon fome f the teeth fo plainely appeare? Eutno Papitt will bee willing to anfwer that ic fedup- onthe fubftance of Chrifts Body , ergoby good confequence it followes that it fed up- on the fubftance of bread ; and fo Tranfubftantiation Herg in my judgement was con- futed by a Moufe ; which meane and bafe creature God chofe to convince mee of my former errours, and made mee now refolve upon what many yeeres before I had doub- ted,that certainly the point of Tranfubfantiation taughe by the Church of Rome is mot damnable and erroneous; for befides, what before I have obferved » it contradicterk that Philofophicall Axiome, teaching that dio contradi&oria non poffarat femiel & femel de eodem verificari,two coutradi tories cannot at once and atthe felt fame timebe faid,and verified of che fame thing ; but here it was fo; for herein Romes Judgement and opi- nion Chrilts body was gnawne andeaten, and at the fame time the fame body in ano- ther place and upon another Altar in the hands of another Preilt Was not eaten and. gnawac, Therefore here are two contvadictorice verified of thelame body of Chrift: : $3 sa ubftance, or elfe how could the markes of | * c= j 2 mur 2 N A New Survey of the Welt-Indies, to wit, it was eaten and gnawne, and it was not eaten and gnawne. Thefe itnpreffions at that time were fo greatin me, that J refolved within my {elfe, that bread really and “truely was eaten upon that Altar,and by no meanes Chrifts glorious body which isin heaven, and cannotbeyponearth, fubje& to the hunger or violence of acreature. Here againe I defired with godly David, that I might have the wings of a Dove to flie into my Country of Eagland, and there be fatisfied upon this point , and be at reft of Confcience. Here I relolved that if J had been queftioned for my careleffenefle, or for my contempe of that Romith Sacrament ( which I thought would be the judge- rent of the Spasiards, who knew me to bean Englifh manborne )thatl would ta- crifice willingly my life for the Proteftant truth, which as yet Thad been no otherwife ‘taught, but by that Spirit which (as Solomon well obferveth )in_ aman is che candle ‘of the Lord. I conceived here that this was fome comfort to my foule,which my good God will afford mee in the way of my travelling to Canaan, that I might more wil- lingly beare whatfoever crofles yet might befall mee inmy way and Journeyto Ez: land. Theevent of thisaccident was not any trouble that fell upon mee for it; for indeed the Spaniards attributed ic unto the carelefneffe of him, who had care of the Alearsin the Church, andnot to any contemptin mee to theSacrament. The part of the wafer that was left after the Moufe had filled her belly, was laidup after the So. lemne Proceffion about the Church, ina Tebernacle for that purpofe,that afterwards it might beeaten up by fome hungry Preitt. Andbecanfe fuch a high contempt had beene offered by a contemptible Vermin to their Bread God, it was commanded through Portabel that day, thatall the people fhould humble themfelves and mourn, and fait with breadand water onely. Although I faw I was not queltioned for the cafe, yet I feared where there were fo many Souldiers, and forain people, that by {ome or other [might bee mifchiéfed out of their blind zeale, wherefore 1 thought it not amifle fora day or two to keepe within my lodging. Don Carlos de Vharra, - qvho wasthe Admirall ofthat Fleet, made greathafleto beegones which made the Merchants buy and fell apace, and Jade the thips with filver wedges; whereof I was glad, forthe more they laded, the leffe I unladed my purfe with buying deare provi- fion,and foonerl hoped to be out of thatunhealthy place, which of it felfe is very hot, and fubje& tobreed Feavers, nay death, if the feet bee not preferved from wetting whenit raineth ; but efpecially when the Fleet is there, it is an open grave ready to.fwallow in part of that numerous people, which at that timerefortunto it, as was feene the yearethat Iwastherewhen about five hundred of the Souldiers, Mer- chants, and Mariners, what with Feavers , what withthe Fluxcaufedby too much eating of fruitand drinking of water, what with other diforders loft their lives, fiad- ing it to bee tothem not Porto bello, but Porto malo. And this is ufuall every yeare; and therefore forthe relicfe andcomfort of thofe that come fick from Sea, or ficken there, a great and rich Hofpitall is in the Towne, with many Fryers called De J. Capacha, ot by others De Juan de Dios, whofe calling and profeflion isonely to cure, and attendupon the fick, and tobeare the dead unto their graves. The Admirall fearing the great fickneffethat yeare, made hafte tobe gone;not fearing the report that was of {ome three or four Holland or Ergli{b thips abroad at Sea, waiting(asic was fup- pofed) for fome good prize out of that great and rich Fleet. This newsmade mee beginne to feare, and tothinke of fecuring my felfe in one of the belt and ftrongeft Galeons; but when I came to treat of my paflage in oneof them, I found that I could not bee carryed in any under three hundred Crownes; which was more then my purfe was able to afford. Withthis I thought to addrefle my felfto fome Matter of a Merchants fhip, though I knew I could not bee fo fafeand fecurein any of them, a inaGaleon well manned and fortified with Souldiers, and Guns of Brafle; yet T hoped inGod, who isa ftrong refuge to them that feare him, andin this occafion provided for mee!a cheap and fure paflage. For meeting one day with my friend the Treafurer, hee againe pitying measa ftranger and Igtely robbed, commended me to the Mafter of a Merchant Ship, called St. Sebaftian, whom hee knew was defirous to carry a Chaplaine with himat hisown Table. 1 no fooner addreffed my felfe unto him, ufing the nameand favour of his and my friendthe Treafurer, but prefently I foundhim willing toaccept of my company, promiling to carry me for nothing,and ‘to board meeat his own Table, onely for my prayers to God for himand his , offer- ing fursher to give meefome fatisfaction for whatfoever Sermons I thould preach Hn | ig - / A New Survey of the Weft-Indies, 2 his Ship. I blefled God, acknowledging inthis alfo his Providence, who in all oc- cafions furthered my returne to England, The Ships being laden wee fet forth towards Carthagena, and the fecond day ef our fayling wee difcovered foure Ships which made the Merchant Ships afraid, andto keepeclofeto the Galeons, trufting to their itrength more then theirown. The Ship! wasin, was {wift and nimble under fail, and keprftill under the wings either of the Admirall or of {ome other of the beft Galeons; but all the other Merchants Ships were notfo, but fome flowly came on behind,whereof two were carryed away by the HoHanders in the night, before ever wee could getto (Carthagena. _ The greateft fearethat I perceived poffeffed the Spaniards in this Voyage, was about the Ifland of Providence, called by them Sta Catalina, orSt. Catharine, from whence they feared left fome Exglifh Ships fhouldcome out againtt them with great ftrength. They curfed the Exghfb init, and calledthe Ifland, the den of theeves and Pirates , withing that their King of Spain would take fome courfe with it;or elfe, that ic would prove very prejudiciall to the Spaniards , lying neer the mouth of the Defagsadcro,and fo endangering the Frigats of Granada,and ftanding between Portobel and Carthagena, and to threatning the Galeons, and their Kings yecrely and mighty treafure, Thus with bitter inveCtives againftthe Englifb and the Iland of Providence we fayled onto Cartbagena, where againe wee met with the foure Ships, which before had fol- lowed usand had taken away two of our Ships, and now at our entering intothat Port, threatned to carry away moreof ourcompany; whichthey might have done, if they would have ventured to have comeupon the Ship wherein I went, which at the turning about the land point to get intothe Haven, ranuponthe fhore, whichif it had been rocky, asit was {andy and gravelly, had certairjly there beene caft away by keeping too neere unto theland, from which danger by the care of the Mariners, and their active paines we were fafely delivered,as alfo from the thips which followed usas far as they durit for fear of the Cannon fhot of the Caftle;and thus we entered into the Haven of Carthagena, and ftayed therefor the {pace of eight or ten dayes; where f met with {ome of my Country men their Prifoners, who had been taken at Sea by the Spanzards, and belongedunto the Ifland of Providence, among whom was the Re- nowned Captaine Rowe, and abouta dozen more, with whom I was glad to meet, but durft not fhew them too much countenance, for feare of being fufpeed; yer I foon got the good will of {ome of them,who,being deftined to Spatn,were very defirous to goe in the fhip,wherein Iwent; whichdefire of theirs I furthered, and was fuiter unto my Captain to carry foure of them in his thip, which for my fake he willingly _ yeelded unto; amongft thefe was one Edward Layfield, (who afterwards fetting out of St. Lucar for England, wastaken Captive by the T#rkes, and fince from Turkey writ into England unto mee to helpeto releafe him) with whom both at Carthagena, and in the way in the fhip I had great difcourle concerning points of Religion, and by himcameto know fome things profefled in England, which my confcience Cwhilft Llived in America much inclined unto. Iwas much taken with hiscompany, and found him very officious unto mee, whofe kindneffe I requited by fpeaking for him in the fhipto the Mafters and Mariners, 'who otherwife were ready and forward to abufe him and the reft of the Exglifo company as prifoners and flaves. At Garthagena wee heard a report of threefcore faile of {hips of Hollanders waiting for the Galeons, which {truck no little feareinto the Spaviards; who called a councell whether our Fleet fhould winter there, orgoe onto Spain. {t proved to be buta falfe report ofthe Inhabitants of Cartbagenz, who for their own ends and lucre would willingly have had the fhips and Galeons to have ftayed there; but on Carles de F barra replyed, that hee feared not a hundred faile of Hollanders, and therefore would goe on to Spaiz, hoping to carry thither fafely the Kings treafure. Whict hee performed and ineight dayes arrived at Havana, where we ftayed eight dayes longer, expeCting the Fleet from Vera Cruz.In which time I viewed wel that {trong Caftle manned with the twelve Guns, called the twelve Apoftles, which would doe little huct coan Army by land, or marching from the River of AZatanfos. 1 vifited here the mother of that Mulatto, who liad taken away all my meanes at Sea ; and fpent much time in com= forting my poore Country men the prifoners; but ‘efpecially chat gallant Captaine Reufe, who came unto mee to complaine of fomeaffrontswhich had been offered unto him by Spaniards, in the {hip wherein he came; which hee not being ableto - ups though ff \ a i i i SS pee “200 ; Survey of the Weft-Indies. - ¥ ee a s : au though a Prifoner unto them defired to queftionin the field, challenging his proud contemners to meet him if they durftin any place of the Havana, ( a brave courage in adejected and imprifoned Englifa man to challenge a Spaniardin hisCountry, a Cock uponhis own dunghill, ) which as fooneaslunderitood by Edward Layfield, I defiredto take up, fearingthat many would fall upon himcowardly and mince him fmallin peices. 1 fentfor himto the Cloifter where I lay, and there had conference with him,prevailing fo far as that I made him defift. from his thoughts of going into the field,and fhewing his manhood in fuch a time and place, where his low condition of a Prifoner might well excufe him, The reft of my poore country men were heremuch difcouraged and in {ome want,whom I relieved(efpecially Layfield Jand incouraged as much as { was able.J chanced here to have occafion to takea little phyfick betore L went again to Sea, & thereby [learned what before I never knew,to wit, thedyet which on tach dday the beft Phylitians of Havane prefcribe unto their patients. W hereas after the working of my phyfick, I expeéted fome peeceof Mutton, ora fowl, orfome other nourishing meat , my Phyfitian lefe order that 1 fhould havea pecce of rofted Porke, which feeming unto. mee a Dyet contrary to that daies extremity, I began to refufe it, alleadging to my Doétor the contrary courfe of all Nations,the nz turall quality of thac meat to open thebody. To which hereplyed , that what Porke might worke upon mans bodyin other Nations, it worked notthere, but thecontrary; and {o he with- ed meto feed upon what hee had prefcribeds alluring mez that ic would doe mez no hurt. Nowas Hogs flefh there is held to be fo nourifhing, fo likewife no other meat ismore then it, and Tortoifes, wherewith all the fhips make their provifion for Spain. The Tortoifes they cut outin long thin flices, as] have noted before of the Taflajos, anddry it inthe windafeer they have well falted it, and fg icferveth the Ma- riners, inall their voyage to Spain, which they eate boyled with a little garlicke,and E have heardthem fay thatto themic tafted as wellasany Veale. They alfo take into their fhips fome fowles for the Matters and Captaines tables , and live hogs, which would feemto be enough to breed fome infection in the (hip, had they not care to wash often the place where fuch unclean beaftslie. Inthe thip where I was paflenger, waskilled every weeke one for the Matters , Pilots and paffengefs table, Thus all things being made ready for thefhips provifion to Spain, and the Merchants goods andthe Kings Revenue being (hipped in ninedayes that we abode there; we now wanted nothing, but onely the company of the Fleet from Vera Cruz, which fhould have met us there upon the eight day of September.Bute Don Carlos de Ybharra,{ce- ing it ftayed longer thenthe time appointed, and fearing the weather,& the New Moon of that moneth which commonly proveth dangerous in the Golf of Babama,refolved to flay no longer, but to fet outto Spain, On a Sabbath day therefore in the morr- ing we hoifed fails,(being in all feven and twenty (hips with thofe whic had met with us there from Hoxduras andthe Ilands),and one by one we failed out of Havana to the main Sea, where we that day wafted about fora good wind,and al(o waiting for our guide, which wasnot yetcome out ofthe Havanato guide us through the Galfe of Bahama. Butthat night wee wifhed our felves againe inthe Havana, thinking that we were compafled about with a ftrong Fleet of Hollanders; many {hips cameamongf us, which madeus provide fora fightin the morning.A Councell of War was called, and all that night watch was kept, the Guns prepared,red Clothes hung round the thips, Orders fent about both to the Galeons and tothe Merchants fhips what pofture and placeto bee. That which I wasin, was to attend the Admiral], which I hoped would bee a ftrong defence untous; -Our men were couragious and ready to fight, though J liked not fuch Martiall bufineffe and difcourfe; but for mee a place was_pre- pared where I might lie hid,and be fafeamong fome barrels of bisket; I had all the night enough to doe , to heare the confeffions of thofe inthe Ship, who thought they could not dye happily with the fhot of a Helland Bullet, untill they had confeffed all theic finnes unto mze, who towards morning had more need of reft, then of fighting , afterthe wearying of my eares with hearing fo many wicked, grievous and abominablefinnes. Butthe dawning of the day difcovered our caufeleffe feare; which was from friends, and not fromany enemiesor Hollanders ; for the fhips which were joyned unto us in the night were as fearefull of us,as we of them, and prepared them- felves like wifeto fight in the morning, which fhewed unto us their colours, whereby wee knew that they were the Fleet which wee expecied fiom Vera Crux to goe ‘lone ee oe Se "A New Survey of the WeltIndies’ with us to Spain, They weretwo and twenty Sail, which little thought co find us out of the Havana, but within the Haven lying at Anchor, waiting for their comming, and therefore in the night feared us much more then wee them. But when the day cleared our doubts, feares and jealoaties, then began the Martiall colours to be taken down; the joyfull found of Trumpets with the helpe of Neptunes Kingdomes ec- choed trom {hip to (hip,the boates carryed welcoming meflages from one to another, the Spanifb Brindis with buen V iaje, buen pafjaje,, was generally cried out, the whole morniig Was {pent in iriendly acclamationsand falutations from {hip tofhip. But in the midit of this ourjoy, and Sea Sreetings, weebeing sow'in all cwo and fifty Saile, ( yet wee not knowing well how many they were trom Vera Craz, nor they how ma- ny wee were from the Havana) two fhipswerefound amongitus, whether Exgiifhor Eollanders wee could not well difcover, but the Engitfo prifoners with mee told mee they thought one wasa fhip of England called the Neptune ) which having got the wind of us, fingled outa thip of ours (which belonged to. Dunkerk and from St. Lacar or Cales had beene forced to the Kings fervice in that voyage to the India’s, laden with fugars & other rich commodities to the worth of at leaft fourfcore thoufand Crowns; and iuddainly giving her a whole broad lide( receiving a reply unely of two Guns )made her yeeld,without any hope of help from fo proud and mighty a Fleet, for that fhe was fomewhat far ftrageled from the reft of the thi ps-. [he whole bufineffe lafted not above half an houre: but prefently thee was catryed away from underour nofés;the Spaniards changed their merry tunes into wiv a dios and voto a Chrifto, in raging,curfing,& fwear- ing, fome reviling atthe Captaine of che thip which was taken,and faying that he was falfe & yeelded on purpofe without fighting,becaufe he was forced to come that Voy- age; others curfing thofe that tooke her,and calling them bijos de putay Borrachos , in= fames Ladvones, Baltards, Drunkards, infamous theeves, and Pyrates,(ome taking their {words in their hands, as if they would there cut them in peeces, fomelaying hold of their Muskets as if they would there {hoot at them, others ftamping like mad men,and running abcut the fhip, as ifthey would leap over board, and make hatte after them; others grinning their teeth atthe poore Exghifb prifoners that were in the fhip, as if they would ftabthem for what (they faid ) their Country men had done. 1 mut needs fay, I had enoughto doeto hold fome of tho furious and raging brains from doing Layfield fome miichief, who more then the reft would bee {miling, arguing and anfwering their outragiousnonfenfe. Order was prefently given to the Vice~Admi-= rall andtwo more Galeons to follow and purfuethem ; but allin vaine, for the wind was againitthem, and fo thetwo fhips laughing and rejoycing as muchas the Spant= ards curfedand raged, failed away con Vientoen Popa, with full Sail, gallantly boaft- ing with forich a prize taken away fromtwoand fifty fhips, or (asI may fay) from the chiefelt,and greateft ftrength of Spain. That afternoone theF leet of Vera Cruz,tooke their leave ofus, (not being furnih- ed with Provifion to goe on to Spain with us,) and went into the Havana ; and we fec forwards towards Ezrope, fearing nothing fortheprefeat but the Gulfe of Baha ma; through which wee got fafely with the helpand guidance of fuch Pilots, which our Admirall Dox Carlos had chofen, and hired for that purpofe. I thall not need to tell theemy Reader of the fight which wee had of St Auguftine, Florida, nor of many ftormes which we fuffered in this Voyage, nor of the many degrees wee came under, which made us fhake with cold more then the Froft of - England doe in the work of winter ; onely I {ay,that the beft of our Pilots notknow- ing where they were, had like to have betrayed us all co the Rocks of Berminda one night, had not the breaking of the day given us afaire warning that we were running uponthem, For which the Spaniards in ftead of giving Ged thankes for their delivery out of that danger,began againe to curfe and rage again{t the Englife which inhabited that [fland, faying, that they had inchanted chat and the reft of thofe Hlands about, and did ttill with the devill raife ftormes in thofe Seas when the Spani{y Fleet pafled that way. From thence when wee had fafely efcaped, wee failed well to the Iflands called Terceras, where faine wee would have taken in frefh water,(for that which we had taken in at Havananow began to ftink,and look yellow, making us ftop ournofes, whilft wee opened our mouthes, ) but rigid Don Carlos would not pity the relt of his Company, who led us bythe Iflands; and'that nighe follows ing wee all wihed our felvesin fome harbour of them 3 for (though in their cons . ceipe 201 202. 7 New Survey of the Welt-Indics. ceipt thole Iflands were not inchanted by Engli(b men, but inhabited by holy and Ido- latrous Papifts) wee were no fooner got from them , when there arofe the greateft forme that wee had in all our voyage from Havana to Spain, which lafted full eight dayes, where wee loft one Ship and indangered two Galeons, which fhot off their warning peeces for helpe, and made us all ftay and wait on them, till they had re- paired cheir Tacklings and maine Maft. We went on fometimes one way, fometimes another, not well knowing where wee were, drinking our ftinking water by allow- ance of pints, till three or foure dayes after the ftorme was ceafed, wee difcovered land, which made allcry out, Hifpania, Hifpania, Spain, Spain, whilft a Counfell was fummoned by the Admirallto know what land that was, fome fold away barrels of bisket, othersof water, to thofe that wanted(every one thinking that it wasfome part of Spain,) but the refult of the wife Counfell was, after they had failed neerer to theland,and had layed and loft many wages about it,that it was the I{land of AZ2- dera, which made fome curfe the ignorance of the Pilots, and made us all prepare our {elves with patience fora longer voyage. It pleafed God from the difcovery of this Ifland, to grantus a favourable wind to Spain, where within twelve dayeswe dif- covered Cales, and fome of the thips there left us, but moftof them went forward to San Luear, as did thefhip wherein Iwent; when wee cameneereto the danger~ ous place, which the Spantards call La Barra, wee duit not venture our fhips up- on our Pilotsown knowledge; but called for Pilots to guideus in, who greedy of their lacre came outin boats almoft for every fhipone. Upon theeight and twen- tyeth of November, 1637. We cat Anchor within St, Lacar de Barameda about one of the clock in the afternoon, and before evening other paflengers and my (felfe went a fhore (having firft been fearched) andalthough ft might prefently have gone to the Cloifter of St: Dominick, where my old friend Fryer Pablo de Londres was yet living, whom I knew would bee glad of my coming from the India’s, yet Ithought fit the firft night to enjoy my friends company both Spaniards and Englifb, ( who hadcome ° fo longa voyage with me ) in fome Ordinary, and to takemy reft better abroad then ¥ thoulddoe ina Cloifter, where expected buta poore Fryers fupper, a hard and mean lodging, many foolifh queltions from old Fryer Pablo de Londres concerning the India's, and my abode there fo many yeeres, and finally the noile of Bells aad ratlers to roufe up the drowfie Fryers from their fleep to Matines at midnight. That night therefore I betooke my felfe to an Englifo Ordinary, where I refrefhed my felfeand my poore prifoners, (who by theMatter of the thip were. committed to my chargethat night and forwards upon my word, fo as tobee forth comming when they fhould beecalled) and the next morning I fent my honelt friend Layfield with a letter tothe Cloifterto old Pablo de Londres, who upon my fummons came - Goyfully to welcome mee fromthe India’s, and after very little difcourfe told mee of fhipsin the Haven ready to fet out for Englaud. The old Fryer being of a de- crepit and doting age, thought every day a yeere that I ttayed there, and fufpended my Voyage for Englands and (not knowing the fecrets of my heart) judged alrea- dy that the Converlion or turning of many Proteftant foules to Popery waited for my comming, which made him haften mee, who was more defirous then kez to bee gone the next day , if | might havefound wind, weather, and fhipping ready. But God, who had been with me in almoft ninety dayes failing from Havansto San Lu- car, and haddelivered mee from many a ftorine, prepared and furthered all things in avery hort time for the laft accomplifhment of my hopeand defire, to returne to Exgland my native foil,from whence I had been abfent almoft for the {pace of foure and twenty yeers. | My firft thought herein St. Lucar, wasto caftoffnow my Fryers weed, that out- ward fheepskin, which covers many awolvith, greedy, and covetous heart under it; which doubtleffe is the ground, why in Germany in the Proteftant and Lutheran towns, when the boyes and young men fee a Fryer goe along their ftreets, the cry out to the neighbours, faying, a Wolfe, a Wolfe, fhut your doores; meaning, that though what they weare feeme to bee pellas ovina, or Agnina, a heep or Lambeskin and their con- dition of mortified, humble, and meck men, yet under ic lyeth cor Lupinum, a Wolves heart, greedy of fome prey, either worldly, of wealth andriches, or {piritu- all, of feducing, deceiving and mifleading poore foules, Such wasthe habit, which now Idefired to fhake off,w hich wasa white Coat or gown hanging to the a ey) : girde A New Survey of the Welt-Indics. wee girded about with aleathern belt, and over it from the fhouldersdowhward a white Scapulary({o called there, hanging (horterthen the gown both before’ and behind, and over that a white hood to cover the head, and laftly, over thata black cloak with a= nother black hood; both which togecher, theblack and whitemiake the Fryers of that proteflion look jult like Mag-pies; and is acknowledged by the Church of Rome it felf ina verfe which they faine of Mr. Afartin Luther,(with what juit ground J know not) faying of his former life and profeffionbefore his Converfion > Bis Corous, bis Pica fui, ter fune ligatus. 1 wastwicea Crow, twice a Magpie, and thrice was bound ‘ or tyed witha Cord; by a Crow meaning an Auguttin Fryer, who isall in black, by a Magpie; meaning a Dominican, and by bouad with a rope or cord, meaning a Francifcan,who indeed is girded about with a cord made of hempe: Though the Dominican Magpie by this his habit take fach 4 glofle and underftanding; which is contrary to his lite and converfation; for by his outward black habit, hee faichy is fignified an outward thew of deadriefle and Mortification to the world, and by his inward white habit, an inward purity and chaftity of heart, thoughts and lifes bota which traely are little feen inthofe F ryers efpectally,who outwardly are wo rld+ ly , and livingto the world, covetous and ambitions of honours,preferments, Bithop~ tickes, and places of publique reading and preaching; andtherefore haveby favour obtained many places of authority, as by the laws of Aragon to be the King of Spain his Ghoftly father, to bee Mafters of the Popes Palace, and there to read a leffon of Divinity, to be chief heads of the Inguifition, and from thefe places to bee pro- moted to fitin the Councell of the State in Spain, orto bee Cardinalsin Rome, and {o Popes, or to injoy ‘the richeft and fatteft Bifhopricks and Arch-Bithopricks in Spain, Italy, and India’s, which (heweth how little they aredead to the world; na - how they arelivingto the world and its preferments, contrary to the black and dead colour of their habits. So likewife doe they not live according to the whitenefle of their inward habits, whofe lives are found impureand unchaft, as I could exemplifie at large, (hewing what bafe and unclean aéts have been committed by fome of that profeffion in the Low Countries, in Spain, inthe India’s, in Iealy, nay here in En-= gland by one Dade the Superior of them, by one Popbar well knowen to bee a good fellow, and ftill atthis day abiding in the Spanifb houfe, by one Grafts and others; which would bee too too long a digreffion from the whiteneffe of their habit. But I applying the Allegory of this black and white habit otherwife unto my felfe, and in the outward black part of it feeing the foulenefle and filthineffe of my life and Is. dolatrous Preifthood in the exercité of that profeflion,and Orders which from Rome ¥ had received; and inthe white inward habit confidering yet the purity, and inte= grity of thofe intentions and thoughts of my inwatd heart, in purfuance whereof Dhadlet what formerly I have noted, yea all America, which, had { continued in it, might havebeento meea Mine of wealth, riches and treafure 3 1 refolved here therefore to caft off that hypocritical cloak and habit, andto putonfach Apparelf whereby I might no more appearea Wolfe in theepskin, but might goe boldly to my Country of Engéind, there to thew and makeknown the Candor of my heart,the pu= rity and fincerity of mythoughts, which had brought mee fofartey by a publik pro~ feflion of the pure traths of the Gofpell, without any invention or additionof man unto it., With che (mall meanes therefore which waslef mez after fo long and al- molt a whole yeeres journey from Petapato St. Eucar (having yet about a hundred ° _Crownes) Igave order for a fute of Cloathes to bee made by an Enghfb Taylor, which I willingly put on, and prepared my felf for England. Three or four chips Were in readinefle, who had onely waited for the Fleet, to take in fome Commo- dities, efpecially fome Wedges of filver, of which Iwas with old Pablo de Londres.s indoubt which to choofe. The firft that went out was thought fhould have beene - my lot, in the which my friend Layfield imbarked himfelfe (for all the €xgli(h prifo- ners were there freedto goe home to their Country) and from which the great pro= vidence of God diverted mee, -or elfeI had beene this day with Layfielda {lave in Lurkey , for the next day after this fhip fet out, it was taken by the Terkes, and cars ryed away fora rich prize, andall the Englifb init for prifoners to Argell. But God (who I hope had referyed mee for better things, ) appointed for mee a {afer convoy home ina fhip (as I was iaformed) belonging to Sir William Curtin, under the com- mandof an honelt Flemming , named Adrian Adrianzen living at Dou: then, tbe whom ws tine eS Sa sarge aif HW elt Indien whom 1 agreed for my paflage and dyet athis Table. This thip fet outof the Barre. of St. Lucar the ninth day after my arrivall thither, where it waited for the coms pany of foure fhips more, butefpecially for fome Indian wedges of filver, which upon forfeiture of thera it durft not takein within the Barre and Haven. And thus being now cloathed after a new fafhion and ready to lead a new life;being. ow changed froman American into the fathion of an Englifb man, the tenthday af- ter my abode in San Lucar, I bad adieu to Spain and all Spanif fafhions, faions, and carriages, I bad farewell my old Fryer Pablo de Londres, with thereltof my ace quaintance, and fo inaboat went over the bar to the fhip, which that night in com- pany of foure more fet forward for England. Imight obferve here many things of the goodnefle of Adrian Adrianzen, and his good carriage towards mee in his fhip,which I will omic,having much more to obferve of the goodneffe of God,who favoured this our voyage with {uch a profperous wind,and without any ftormat all,that in thirteen dayes wee came to Dover, where 1 landed, the {hip going on to the Downes. Others that landed at AZargaret were broughtto Dover, and there queftioned and fearched ; but I not (peaking Engli {but Spanif>,wasnotat all fufpected neither judged tobe an Englifb man, and{o after two dayes 1 tooke poft in company of fome Spaniards and an Irifo Colonel, for Canterbury, and fo forward to Gravefend. WhenI came to London, Iwas much troubled within my felfe for want of my Mother tongue, (for I could onely fpeak fome few broken words) which made mee fearefull I fhould not bee accknowledged to bee an Englifb manborn. Yet I thought my kinred ( who knew I had beene many yeers loit) would fome way or other acknowledge mec,and take notice of mee, if at the firft I addrefled my felfe unto fome of them, untill I couldbettcrexprefle my felfein Englifo. The firft therefore ofmy name, whom I had notice of, was my Lady Penelope Gage, widow of Sir Fobn Gage, then living in St, Fones; to whom thenext morning after my arrivall to Londons I addreffed my felfe for the better difcovery of fomeofmy kinred ; whom though Iknewto bee Pa- pifts,and therefore ought not to be acquainted with my inward purpofe and refolution; yet for feareof fomewantin the meantime, and that I might by their means pra- &tice my felfein the ufe of my forgotten native tongue,and thet I might enquire what Childs pare had beene left me by my father, that I might learn fome fafhions, and faftly, that inthe meane time, { might {earch into the Religion of England, and find how farre my confcience could agree with it, and bee fatisfied in thofe {cruples which hadtroubled meein America, forall thefe reafons Ithought it not amiffe to fooke and inquire after them. When therefore Icameunto my Lady Gage, {hee be- leeved meeto bee her kinfinan, but laughedat mee, telling mee, that 1 {pake like an Indian or Welch man, and not like an Englifo man; yet thee welcomed mee home, and fent mee with a fervant to a Brothers lodging in Long Aker, who being in the Country of Surrey, and hearing of meefent horfe and man for mee to come to keepe Chriftmas with an Uncle of mine living at Gatton, by whomas a loft and for- gotten Nephew, and now after foureand twenty yeeres returned home againe, I was very kindly entertained, and from thence fent for to Cheam, to one Mr. Fromand a- nother kinfman,with whom I continued till after twelfth day sand fo returned againe to London to my brother. - Thus my good Reader, thou feeft an American, through many dangers by Sea and Land,now (afely arrived in England ; and thou maiett well witb mee obferve the great and infinite goodnefle and mercy of God towards mee a wicked and wretched finner. How I have anfwered to this Gods gracious calling mee from fo farre and remote a” Gountry, todoehim fervice here, I will thew theein the Chapter following, andfo conclude this my long and tedious Hiftorye od reel ‘ Khe? ; A New Survey of the Weft-Indies : CHAP. XXII. ea Shewing how , and for what caufes, after I had arrivedin England, Itooke | - yet another Iourney to Rome , and ether parts of Italy, and returned a- ' gaine to fettle my felfe in this my Country, ey, Ow Reader, as the {tone that is falling, the neerer it cometh toits Center, ais’ more hatte ic maketh: So I the neerer | amcoming to theconclufion of this § my Hiftory, more hafte Idefire to makein this laft Chapter, for the com- “**® pleating and finithing of it. With brevity therefore I will relate fome of my travelsin Esrope, in which I will yeeldto many of my Nation, but tor America, and my travels and experience there,l dare boldly challenge all travellers of my Coun- try. Aftermy returnto London, from Surrey,{ began to expoftulate with my younger Brother (knowing hee had been prefentatmy Fathers death, and hadachief hand — in the ordering and executing his laft Willand Teftament,) concerning what childs part was lefcunto mee. To which heemade meeanfwer, that my father had indeed left him, and my Brother the Colonell, and two other fons by a fecond wite, and my owne filter, every one fomewhat, but to mee nothing, nay that at his death he did not fomuchasremembermee; which I could notbut taketo heart, and called to | minde the angry andthreatning letter which I had received froma him in Spain, be- caufe | would not bee aJefuite. Though for the-prefentI faid nothing, yet after- wards in many occafions I told my Brother] would have the Will produced, and would by courfe of lawdemandachilds parts but hee putme off, affuring me I fhould never want amongft other my friends and kindred,with whom hee knew | fhould bee well accommodated as long asI continuedin England. After few dayes that I had been in London, my kinfman at Cheam, defired meto come to live with him;where f continued notlong, for my Uncle at Gattoninvited meeto his hoaie, offering mee there meat, drink, lodging, horfeand man, with twenty pound a yeare, which hee. promifedin other waies to make as good as thirty.Here I continued a twelve moneth, refining my felf in my native tongue,and(though altogether unknown to my Uncleand Kindred )fearching into the Do&rine and truth of the Gofpel profefled in Ewglaxd, for which caufe I made many journeys to Lowdor,and then privately I reforted to {ome churs ches,and efpecially to Paws Church to. {ee the feryice performed,and to heare the Word of God Preached, but fo, that I might not be feen,known or difcovered by any Papitt. When in Paws Church I heard the Organs, and the Mafick, and the] Prayers and Col- lets; and faw the Ceremonies at the Alcar, I remembred Rume againe, and perceived lictledifference between the two Churches, I fearched further into the Common-Pray- er,and carryed with mea Bible into the Country on purpofe to compare the Prayers, Epiltles,and Gofpels with a Mafle Book, which there 1 had at command, and! found no difference but onely Englifhand Latin, which made mee wonder, and to acknow- ledge that much renjained {till of Rome in the Church of Exgland, and that I feared my calling was not right. In thefe my {craples coming often to London, and cone verling with one Dade, Popham, and Crafts, Connel and Brown, Englifb and Irifb Domi- nican Fryers, 1 found their wayes and converfations bafe,lewd,light and wanton, like the Spasifh and Indian F ryers,which made me againe refle& upon the Popith Church, ‘ upheld by fuch Pillars. I came yet tothe acquaintainceof one Price, Superiour to the Benedi&ine Monkes,whom I found to be a meer States-man, and a great Politician, and very familiar,private, and fecret with the Archbifhop of Casterbury William Land; in converfation with my Brother, ( who belonged then unto one Signior Cox, the Popes Agent, and wasin fuch favour at the Court,that hee was fent over by the Queen with arich prefent to a Popith Idol,named our Lady of Sichem, inthe Low Countries ) I heard him fometimes fay, that hee doubted not but to bee fhortly Curate and Parilh Preilt of Coven Garden, tometimes that he hoped to bee made Bifhop in Exgdand, and that then I fhould want for nothing, and fhould live with him, tillhee got mee another Bifhoprick ; by which difcourfe of his, and by his and other Preifts favour at Cours and with the Archbifhop I perceived things went not well,Spazi{b Popery was much rooted, Proteftant Religion much corrupted, “a the time not feafonable for me to A New Survey of the Weft-Indies. difcover my fecret intents and purpofe of heart. At thistimecomming once from Surrey to London, \ chanced to bee difcovered and knowne to one of the State- Offe cers, aPurfevant, who had a large Commiffion for the apprehending of Seminary Preilts and Jefuites, named Fobn Gray, who meeting mee one day in Long Aker , fol* Jowed and dogged me as far as Lincolns Inne wall, where he clapped mee onthe fhoulders, anid told me, that he had a Commiflion againft mee, to apprehend mee,and carry me to the Councell Table or to one of His Majefties Secretaries. To whom I {poke in Spanifh (thinking thereby to free my felfe out of his hands for aSpaniard:) but this would not doe, for he replyed hee knew mee to bee an Englifh manborn, and by the name of Gage, and Brother to Colonel Gage and Mr. George Gage,and that before he Jeft mee I mult {peake in Exglifh to him,he carryed mee to a Tavern,and there fearched my Pockets for Letters and mony,which in difcourfe he told me was too little for him (not being above twelve (hilling) and that I muft goe wich himto anfwer before one of His Majetties Secretaries. Ftold him that J would willingly goebefore the Archbifhop of Canterbury , or before Sir Francis Windsbanke,at which he fmiled,faying.I knew well whom to make choice of to favour and protett mée, but hee would carry mce to none ofthem, but toSecretary Cooke. 1 fearing the bufinefle might goe hard with mes and knowing him to be greedy of money, told him that I would give him any thing that mightcontent him, and fo offered him twelve fhillings then about mee,and my word to meet himin any place the nextday, witha becter and fuller purfe. Hee accepted of my money for the prefent,and further offer for the day following,and ap- pointed the Angel Taverne in Long Aker, (knowing that I lodged thereabout ) to bee the place of our meeting, and fo difmified mee. I ‘being free from him, went immed'= ately tomy Brother,and told him what had happened unto mee, what money I had al~ ready given unto him,and what I had promifed the next day following. My Bro ther hearing me began to chafe and vex, and'to fall into furious words againit Jobs _ Gray, calling him knave and rogue, and that he could not anfwer what he had done, ' and that hee wouldhave his Commiffion taken from him, chiding mee for that I had given himany money, andcalling me young novice and unexperienced in the affairs of England. T his feemed ftrange to me,that my Brother fhould not onely not feara Purr fevant,but fhould threaten to take away the Commiffion from him,who was appointed to fearch for and finde out Preiffsand Jefuires. Yet I told him] would according to my word and promife meet him the next day,and fatisfiehim for hisfaire carriage towards mee; to which my Brother would by no means yeeld , but faid hee wou'd meet him, which hee accordingly performed, and although for my fake and promife he gave him fome money, yet he brought him before Signor Con,and there himfelfe and the Popes Agent with him fpake molt bitter words unto him, and threatned him very much if e= ver again he durft meddle with mee. After this my Brother carryed mee to one Sit William Howard a Papift Knight,living at Arundel gate over Clements Church, who was very familiar with Sir Frascw Winde- banke,telling him what had happened unto me,and defiring him tocarry me with him in his Coach to Sir Francis, and to get his proteCtion for mee. Secretary Wind:banke underftanding who I was, told mee I thould feareno Purfevant of them alf, and that if E lived quietly in England,no body fhould trouble me,and that Fobn Gray was aknave, and withed me if ever he medled with meagain to come unto him. Though for the prefent this was good and commodious for me to have fuch favourand protection, yet I perceived, this my Brothers power,and this conniving at Preifls and Jefurites could not bee ufefull for mee, if I fhould publith my mind and and purpofe to alter my Re- ligion. I was therefore much troubledin mind and confcience, which 1 found was curbed with the great power of the Papifts. I refolved therefore to goe againe out of England , and to travell in fome other Countries amongtt both Papifts and Prete- fants, and to try what better fatisfation I could find for my confcienice at Rome in that Religion, or in France and Germany amonegft the Proteftants. I writ therefore to the Generall of the Dominicans at Rome, (without whofe Licenfé I could not goe thither) that hee would bee pleafed to fend mee his Letters Patents, to. g0e to con- ferre fome points with him ; which hee willingly granted unto mee. 1 wanted not _ money from my Uncle (whe commended unto mee fome bufinefleto bee difpatched for him at Rome) for folong a journey, other friends alfo helped mee’; but my chief truft was upon my Brother Colonell Gage, then in the Lew Geunrries , whom I knew not A New Survey of the Weft-Indies, Not,/nor had feen himfroniachild, I had no other paffe to take fhipping at Dover, _bat onely the leeter of a Papiftin London, ( by. meanes of one Popham a Dominican Fryer) to Sir Joba Manwood his Lady, who was then Governour of Dover Caftle,and svith the foréfaid letter fuffered mee not to bee troubled, examined or fearched, but gave order that I fhould freely and quietly paffe over in the Packet boat to Dazkerke, wherewith in foure houres with a good wind J arrived,and from thence by Newport and Bridges weritto Gant ; not farre from whence my Brother with his Regimeut lay in field againtt the Ho¥ander. Hee was glad to fee mee, and knowing what journey I was minded to take, furnifhed miee wich more money , and for my Uncles bufineffe recommended mee to the Marques De Seralvo (then at Breffels) and to other great men, defiring them to give mee their letters to their friends at Rome ; fromthem I got a let ter to Don Francifco Barbarini, the Popes Nephew, and one of the chief Cardinals then in Rome,likewifeto Cardinal Cxcxa,and Cardinal Albornes both Spaniards, With thefe letters I thought Ifhould have occafion of fome converfation with thefe pillars of the Church of Rome, and in difcourfe might pry into the hearts and wayes of them, _ and {ee whether in them were more Policy then Religion. By reafon of the Warres between France and the Low Conutries, 1 durftnot make my journey the neereft and fhortett way through France; but though there were Wars alfoin Germany, | thought that would-bee my fafeft way, and Idefired much to looke into the Proteftanr, and Lutheran Church in that Country. Whereupon { refolved from Brafels to goe to Namurs, and from thenceby water to Leidge, and from thence to Collen in Germany. From Leidge vo Collen though wee were twelve in company, wee were much troubled with Souldiers 3 yet God ftill delivered me and brought me fafe to Coen; from whence by the river Rhine I wentin boat to Frankefort in September at the time of that great Pair, where I knew I fhonld meet company of Merchants to any part of Italy. Inall my travells I never made a more pleafant journey then that which I madeby theriver Roine, where I had occafion to fee many fair and goodly Cities. InF rankefort there I began to take notice of the Lutheran Church,and for the fpace of a fortnight that I ftayed there, had many thoughts of difcovering my felfe there, and difclaiming Popery ; thinking that there I might be fure aad fafe,and lie hid and unknowne to my Brothers and kin- ted, who ia England would not faffer me to live a Proteftant: Yet againe I confidered how hard it would bee for mee a ftranger to fubfilt there, and to get any livelyhood, fer the which f muft firftget the native tongue, and though many points that were op- pofite to the Church of Rome, pleafed me, yetinfome points of that Religion my confcience was not fatisfed. At theendof the Faire'I fought out for company, and found neere a dozen wagons which were upon fetting out towards Ax/parg with goods of Merchants, who had.alfo hired a Convoy of thirty foilders to goe along wich them; whichI thought would be fafecothpany for mee with then?;and many other paflengers and travellers that went in the Wagons, and on foot, by them, I went as far as the famous and gallant City of Ax/purg;from whence forward there was no great dangers neitherin what part belonged to the Duke.of Bavaria, nor inthe County of Tirol: from whence wee pafled fome foure togetherto Trent; where was taken with the firit Ague that ever in my life] remembred Ihad, which continued feven months _ upon mice. I chonght from thence to have continued my journey by land to Venice, but my Agu fuffered mee to goe but to Verona; from whence I turned to A4sllan, and fo to Genows, leaving my good company; that from Geroza I might goe by Sea to Ligorne, and folikewife to Rome. Attera fortnights {tay in Genoua, 1 went with the Galleys ofthe great Duke of Féorence to Ligorne, where I found no boats ready to Rome, andfointhe meantime, whilft they were preparing, I wentto Pifa and Flo- rence to fee thofebrave Gities,and returned again to Ligorne,where I found many boats ready to fet out to Rome. | The fict night and day wee liad a faire winde to Piombino; bit there it turned , and continued contrary for almoft three weekes. At laft it pleafed God to fend us 4 faire wind wherewith wee went out many Boatsand Falluco’s in company toge- ther,thinking all had been fiends; but wheri weecame neereto the Cattle of Afon- talta,mott of the boats having got before ws,two that went in company with the boat wherein Iwas, faddainly fecupon us, and fhewed themfelyes to bee French Pirats, who robbed us all, and tooke from mee all the money Thad, which was not then above five pound,leaving me fome Bils of exchange which I ay to take up moby at Rometafter we T 2 | 207 were ae PR este Stn ae aE { i ‘ q f i cron robbed wee called in at Civita Vecha ; for reliete, where I ~ ANew Survey of the Wefl-Indics, met with a goed Exglifh Merchant, who freely beitowed upon mee provifion both of wine and meat, as much as. would well fuffice mee anda friend to Rome , whither wee got ina day and night. Jately the Parliament (which was that which before this now fitting was fo fuddainly diflolved by his Majetty )which hee feared, Scotlandand moft of the people of Exgland, would take very ill, Hee asked mee further what conceipt the people bad of the faid Archbithop, and whether they did not miftrnfthat hee complyed much with the Court of Rome. And laftly, he told mee that hee thought,the creating of an Englifh Cardinal at Rome might be of great confequence for the converfion of the whole King- dome. 1 laidupin my heart all this difcourfe,and well perceived fome great matters were in agitation at Rome, and fome fecret compliance from, Exgland with that Court, which I purpofed to difcover more at large among fom: friend? there, After this difcourfe with the Cardinall, I wasinvited tothe Englifo Colledge to dinner by one Father F uzberberty who was then Rector, a great States-man and Pox litician, with whom [had alfo great difcourfe concerning my Brother Colonel Guge, concerning my travelsin America, and laflly concerning Englaud , whereo! I pere ceived litcle difcourfe could bee hadin Rome, except the Archbilhop William Laud bad his partand fhareinit; The Jeluite began highly copraife the Arch-prelate for hig moderate carriage towards Papilts and Preifis, boafting of the free accefle which one Simmons, alias F lood,a Jefuite had unto him at all houres,and in all occafions; and to exe toll him the more, he brought in the Archbifhop, Abbot whom he cried down as mach for a cruel enemie and perfecutor of the Ghurch of Rose, and of all Papilis and Preifts. Butthe now Archbifhop , faid hee, is not onely favourable unto us there, but here defireth to make daily demonftrations of his great affeQion to this our.Court and Church ; which, hee fhewed not long fince in fending a Common Prayer Booke, Cwhich hee had compofed for the Church of Scotland) to bee fir viewed, and ap- proved of by our Pope and Cardinals. Who perulingit,liked it very well, for Prote- , itants to be trained ia a Form of Prayer and fervicesyet confidering the State-of Scatland,, and the temper and tenents of that people,the Cardinals,(firt giving him thanks for his re(pect and dutifull compliance with them )fent him word,that they thought that form ting Spirit of God in them, which could better teach and dire& them to pray.All this (aid Father Firzherbert)| was witnefle of, who. was then fent for by the Cardinals(as in ik give them my opinion concern ing the faid Common Prayer Booke, and the temper of the Scots. But the good Arch- bifhop (quoth hee) hearing thecenfure of the Cardinals concerning his intention and Form of Prayer,to ingratiate himf{elf the more into their favour,cerrefted fome things init, and'made it more harfh and unreafonable for that Nation 3 Which wee already hearethey'have ftomacked atand will not fuffer it in Many parts to be read; and wee jafly fear that this hisCommon Prayer Book, && his great compliance with this Court, will at laft bring ftrife and divifion between the two Kingdomes of Scotland and Englan@: And this most true Relation of William Laud late Archbithop of Canterbury,(thouch ¥ have often fpoken of it in private difcourfe iand publiquely preached it at. the Lecture of Wingham in Kent, )¥ could notin my con{cience omit it heres bothto vindi- cate the juftcenfure of death,which the now fitting Parliament have forn erly given a» gainft bim for {uch like practifes and compliance with Romesand fecon dly toreprove the ungrounded’ opinion and errour of fome ignorant and Malignant {pirits ,, who to my knowledge have fince his death highly exalted him, and.cryed him up fora Mara tyr. At the fame time whilftI Was at Rome,l underftood of another great bufinefle con- ferning Exgland, then in agitation amongit the Cardinals, and much profecuted by this “ ANew § urvey of the Welt-Indies, this Fitzberbert, and one father Courtney a Jefuite, fon to one Sir Thomas Leeds ; which was, to create one of the Exglifb Nation Cardinall ; that fo the Converfion of Esgland, what by the Affiltance of William Laed, what by the power of a higher perfon, and what bythe authority of the faidCardinall, might be more fully and carneftly plotted and indeaveured... This bufinefle was auch agitated in England by Signior Gor, at whofe houfe in Léng Aker were many mectings of the chief Gentry of the Papilts. In Rome Sic William Hamiltonthen Agent forthe Queene, vied much, for the faid Cardi- nals Cap, and got a great number of friends to further this his ambitious defign. Bat hee was too yong, and {ome {candall ofa Gentléwoman, who ftuck toocloféto him, made the red Cap unfit forhishead; ‘and fecondly, becaufe a greater then hee, to wit, Sir Ken:lbam Digby was appointed by the Queen to bee her Agent there 5 who {ent be-~ fore him his Chaplains a great Politician and ative Prielty named Fitton, to takeup his lodging and make way, and friends for his ambitious preferment ; who in his daily difcourfe cryedup his Matter Digby for Cardinall, and told mee abfolutely, chat hee doubted not but hee would carryit. But though hee had great favour from the Queen, and was her Ageiit 3 yet hee had ftrong Antagonifts in Fitzberbert, Courtney, and che refit of the crew of the Jefuites, who looked upon that honotir and red Cap as better becomming one ‘of their profeflions and fitter tor a head which had formerly worne a ‘four Cornered black Cap, to wit, Sir Zoby Adathy, Butin cafe the faid Cap thould fall from Sir Toby his head, thenthey would helpe and further a third, whofe birth and Nobility fhould advance him before Sir Kenelbsm Dighy , to wits Walter Mountague, che old Earle of Adanchefter his fonne at that time. i : Aadthus it was a generall and credible report in Rome, that either a Dighy, a Dathy, ora Mountaguefhould that yeere bee made Cardinall, Whereby I perceived that Exn- gland was comming necre to Rome, and that my delign of profefiing and following the truth in Eagland was blafted, and thatin vain f hadcome from America for fatisfaktion ofmy confcience in England, I was more troubled now then ever; and defired to try all wayes, if Icould bee better fatisfied concerning the Popifh Religionin Rome, Naples or Venice, (whither I went) then I had bcea in Americz and among the Spaniards. But I found fuch exorbitances and {candallsin the lives of fome Cardinals of Rome, whilltI was there, efpecially in Doz Antonio Barbarini , and Cardinal Burgeft, who at midnight wastaken by the Corchetes or Officers of juttice in uncivill wayes, and cane off fromthem with money, that I perceived the Religion was buc asI had found icin America, a wide and open doore to loofneffe and policy, and the like in Naples and Ve~ zice, which made mee even hate what before! had profeffed for Religion, and refolve, that ifIcould not live in Exgland,and there injoy my Confcience, that J would live in France, fora white, untill { had well learned thattongué, and then aflociate my felfe unto the beft reformed Prote(tant Church; Whereupon I obtained from the General of the Dominicans this enfuing order ‘to live in the Cloifter of Orleans; intending from thence at my beft opportunity to goe to Paris, Lyons,or fome other place, and {hake off my Magpy babir,and to live and dyein France in the true Protettant and refornied Relis gionas profefled there. 3 In Dei filio fibi Dilecto Reverendo Patri fratri Thom® Gageo Provincie Anglicane ordinis Predicatoram, Frater Nicolaus Redulfius tottus ejuf- dem Ordinis Magift er Generalts ac ervuslin Domino faluem. | ies Conventni niftro Aurelia nenfi Provincia noftvaFrancia de probo cy optimo Pa- tre Sacerdote providere cupientes,T ewore prefentium oe noftri anthovitate officiz fupra nominatum Reverendum Patrem Fratrem Thomam Gageum revocamus te a quovis alio Conventu,c> Affignamis in ditto Conveutu nofire Anrelianenft Affignatumaue declaramus,in Nomine Patris,¢ Filit,cS piritus Sandi,Amené “33109- Mandantes Rdo, admodum Patri Magiftro Priori illins yt te benigne recipiat, @ cure omni charitate tractet.» In quorm fidem his of ficit. noftri figillo mounitis, pron pria mann [ublcripfimis Datum Suriani die nono April, 1649.0 Frater Nicolaus Magifter "Frater Ignatitis Ciantés Magi+ Ordinjs. | fter; ‘Provincialis Angliz ¥ eres St | The Forme whereof (as alfo'the manner of fendingF ryers from one Cloifter to live ‘in another, commonly called by them, an Affignation) is in‘ Evglifb as followeth. — 10 oir Beloved inthe Son of God, the Reverend Father Fryer Thomas Gace, of the Englifh Province,of the Order of Preachers, Fryer Nicholas Rodul- fius of the fame whole Order Mafter Generall, and Servant in the Lord, health and greeting. 7 | 7 V EE being willing and defirous to provide for our Convent.of orleans, YY -ef our Province of France, of an honeft and very good Father-and ‘Prieft; by Tenour of thefe prefent,and by the authority of our Office'doe recall you the above named Reverend Fryer Thomas Gage,from any other Convent, and doe Affigne you in our faid Convent of Orleans, and declare youto bee at - figned;.in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and..of the Holy Ghoft. Amen. Commanding the very Reverend Father Mafter Prior thereof, that hee receive youcurteoufly, and entertaine you withalllove and charity. In -witnefle whereof with our owne hand wee have fub{cribed thefe being tealed ‘with the feale of our Office. Dated at Sorzano the ninth day of April, 1640. Fryer Nicholas Mafter of the Order, Fryer Tonatius Ciantes Majter Provinciall of England and Com partion. Yet after Dhad got this Order, [bethought my felfe further that I would try one way, which was tofec if I couldfind out aMiracle, which might give mee better fatis- fa&ion of the Ramifb Religion, then had the former experience of my life, and the lives ofthe Priefts, Cardinals, and all fuch with whom I hadlivedin Spain and America. 1 , hac heard much of a Picture of our Lady of Loretto, and read in.a Booke of Miracles or fies concerning the fame, that whofoever prayed before that picture in the {tateof more tall finne, the pi€ture would difcover the finnein the foule; by bluthing,and by {weat- ing. . Now! framed this argument to my felfe, that ic was a great fin, the fin of unbe- licfe, or to waver and ftagger in points of Faith ; but in mee(according to che Tenents of Rome )wasthis fin,for I could not believe the point of Tranfubftantiation,and many other; therefore (if the Miracles which were printed of the forefaid Lady of Lerctig were true,and not lies) certainly thee weuld blufh and {weat, when fuch an unbeliever as I prayed before her. To makethistriall, I went purpofely to Loretto, and koecling downie before God, not with any faith I hadin the piGture ; J prayed earneftly to the true Searcher of all hearts, that in his Son Jefus Chrift hewould mercifully looke up- on me a wretched finner,and in{pire and enlighten meé with his Spirit oftruth, for the good and falvation of my foule; In my prayerI hada fixed and fetled eye upon the Ladies picture, but could net perceive that fhee dideither fweat or blufh, wherewith I arofe up from my knees much comforted andincouraged in my. refolution to re= mnounce and abandon Popery, and faying within my felfeas I went out of che Church, farely.if. my Lady neither fweat nor bluth, all is well with mee, andI am ina good way for falvation, and the miracles written of her are but lies, With chis! refolved to follow thetruthin fomie Proteftant Church in France, andto relinguifh errour and duperftition. Upon which good purpofe of mine, I prefently perceived the God of truth did finile, with what ] heard hee was ordering in England by an Army of Scotland raifed for Reformation, and by anew Parliament called to Weflwinfier, at which } fave the Papifts and Jefuites there began to tremble, and to fay that it would blaft all their defignes, and all their hapes of fetling Popery, William Laud his policy was now con- demned and curfed, Cow was dead at Pome, the Cardinals Cap for one of the three fo 7 IT ) ‘ named we ~ ANew Siiroey of the Weft-lndies, named was ao more {pokenof, Fétton was daunted, Fitzberbertand Courtney quite dit cartnied,’ Sir Kenelbam Digby his Agency and comming to Kreme put off and firfpendeds and with all this goad newes 1 was much heartned and incouragedt¢ leave off my jour- ney toFrance, andtoreturnto Englaid, where feared notmy Brother nor any kin- dred, nor the power of the Papifts, but began to trultin the protection of the Parliaments which Iwas informed would reform Religion,and make fuch lawsas thould tend to the undermining of all thé Jefuits plots ; and to the confufion and fubverfion of the Romifb errours and Religion, Twastoo weak of body to make my journey by land (by reafon of my long Ague which had but newly left mee) and fo refolved to goe to Ligorne to find out thipping there’, where I found foure or five fhips of Enghfb and Hollanders ready to fet out, but were bound totouch at Liboe in their way. I bargained with one Cap- taine Scot for my paflage; firlt to Lisbee; intendingthere to make afecond bargain. We had no fooner failed on as farre as to the Coaft of France, joyning to the Duteby of Savoy, but'prefently from Canes came out partofa Fleet lying there under the com- mand of the Bilhop'of Burdesux todifcover us, and take us for a lawfull prize, & might fay much here of the valour of the good old Captaine Scot, who feeing all the other {hips had yeelded to the French men of Warre, would upon notermesyeeld tobe their prize; (which they challenged becaufe wee were bound for Lzboe, then their ene- thies Country but would fight with them all,and at laftrather blowup his thip, then to deliver the goods which had been intrufted to him by the Merchants of Ligarne.We werein apofture to fight; our guns ready, and Mariners willing to dyethat day,which was heavy news to me. After much treaty between the French and our valorous Cap4 tain, who ftill held out and would not yeeld, there came up tous two fhips to give us thie lait warning thacif wee yeeldednot, they would immediately {et our fhip on fire. With this: all the paffengers and many morein the thip defired the Captaine to yeeld upon fome faire Articles for thefecuring of what goods he had for England, and fhould -_appeare were not any wayforthe ftrengthening of any enemies to the Sciteand King- dome of France... With much adoe our Captainewas perfwaded, and we were carried with thereftinto Canes for alawfull prize. I feeing that the thips were like to bee ftayed there long, ob:ained the Bifhop of Burdeasx his pafle to goe to Afarcells, and from thence by landthrough France, Which being granted, I went by water to T olor, and from thenceto Marcells, and fo in company of Carriers to Lions, and from thence to Paris, Roane, and Deepe, where inthe firft packet boat to Rye I pafled over to Eng- gland, where | landed upon Michaelmas day the fame yeere that this prefent Parliament began to fit the November following. My Brothers Spiric 1 found was not much daun- ted with the new Parliament, nor {ome of the proudeft Papilts, who hoped forafud- ~ daindiffolving of ir; But when I faw their hopes fraftrated by His Majelties confent to thecontinuing of it; I thoughtthe acceptable time was come for mee, wherein } ought not to diffemble any further with God,the world and my friends, and {0 refolved to bidadieu to flefh andblood; and to prize Chriitaboveall my kindred, to own and profefie him publiquely maugre all oppofition of hell and kindredtothe contrary. I made my felf firft knowneto DoGor Brunnickh , Bifhopot Exeser, andto Mr. Shute of Lumbard fireet,from whom I had very comfortable aad firong incouragements. The Bi- shop of Exet:r carried me to the Bifhop of London then at Fullom,sfrom whom I received order to Preach my Recantation Sermon at Pauls: whichdone, [thought I muft yet doe more to fatisfie the world of my fincerity, knowing that Converts are hardly be- lieved by the common fort of people, unleffe they fee in them fuch a&ions which may further difclaime Rome for ever for the future. Whereupon I refolved to enter into the ftate of Marriage (to which God hath already given his blefling) which the Ghurch of Rome difavowestoall her Preiffs. What I have beene able todifcover forthe good of this State I havedone, and not {pared (\vhen called upon) to give in trueevidence upon my Oath againft Jeftuices, Preifts, and Mryers; for the which (after a faire invita~ tion from my brother Colonel Gage, to come over again to Flanders, offering mee a thoufand pound ready money) I havebeen once affaulced in Aldenfgate Sreets and ano~ ther time-like to be killed in Shooe dane by a Captain of my Brothers Regiment, named Vincent Burton,who(as I was after informed came from Flanders on purpofe to make me away or convey mee over, and with fuch a malicious defigne followed mee to my lodging, lifting wpthe latch and opening the doore, (as hee had feene meedone) and attempting to goe up the ftaires to my chamber without any inquiry for mee,or knock- ing " j oh } ie ee i q (| Bis rH As! ¥ Ya i Sn a oes So ta oes OS SEY a = = ditea et = Rar aan SSeS et sa vies eis Sees y= sen ete ; ve ‘ ue A New Survey of the Weft-Indies. ed ing atthedoore,; from whom God gracioufly delivered me by the weak meanes of a woman my Landelady,who {topped him from going any further ; and being demanded his name, and anfwering by the name of Steward, and my Land-lady telling him from mee that I knew him not, he went away chafingand faying that I thould know him, before he had done with mee. But hee that knoweth God well, thall know no enemy to his hurt; neither have I ever fince feene or knowen this man. I might here alfo write down the contents of a threatning letter from mineown Brother 5 when hee was Colonell for the King of Englandand Governour of Oxford, which forbear with fome : tender confideration of fiefhand blood. At the beginning of the warres I confeffe I wasat a fland as a Neophyt and new plant of the Church of England concerning the lawfulnefle of the warte ; and fo continued above a yeere in London {pending my owne meanes, till at laft I was fully fatisfied,and much troubled to fee that the Papilts and moft Of my kindred were entertained at Oxford,and in other places of the Kings Dominions ; whereupon Irefolved upon a choice for the Parliament caufe, which new in their loweft eltate and condition am not afhamed to acknowledge. From their hands and by their order I received a Benefice, in the which I havecontinued almoft foure yeers preaching conftantly for a through and godly Reformation intended by them,which 1 am ready to witnelle with the belt drops of blood in my veins, though true it is J have been en= vied ,jeal oufied and {ufpetted by many; to whom I defire this my Hiftory:may be a better witnefle of my fincerity, and that byit I may perform what our Saviour Chrift {poke to Peer, faying, And thou being converted firengthen thy Brethren. I fhall think my time and pen happily imployed if by what here I have written, I may ftrengthen the perufers of this {mall volumeagainft Popifh fuperftition whether in &xgland, other parts of Exrope, Afia, or America ; for the which I {hall offer up my dayly prayers unto him, whio (as I may well fay) miraculoufly brought me from America to England, and hath. i made ufe of mee asa Iofph to difcover the treafures of Egypt, or as the {pies to fearch into the land of Canaan, even the God of all Nations, to whombe afcribed by mee and all ¢ruc and faithful Belcevers,Glory, Power; Majefty and mercy for evermore: Arsen. TIAL E Pee on ae DOBEDOD SAN ae : AN B SAY Me SAS a aS ESS Ys WY ‘ S AS 2 ? ne aa. BY : SLOOP OCH FODDOO SOO OTHE HOON HOH OOo OULD nen one Oboes TOOLS Hog Diisesanoonssca p zy ZOD, z Z LTE Some brief and fhort Rules for the better learning of the Indian tongue called Poconchi, or Po- coman, commonly uled about Guatemala and fome other. parts of Honduras, =] Lthough it bee true that by the daily .converfarion which in AN x| moft places the Indians have with the Spamiards, they for = tats \sez| the moft part underftand the Spazifh tongue in common (yeux and ordinary words, fo that a Spaviard may travell a- see) “a mongf{t them, .and bee underftood in what hee calleth for = by fome or-other of the Officers, who are appointed to at- tend upon allfuch as travell.and paffe through their. townes: Yet becaufe the perfect knowledge of the Spanifh tongue 1s not fo common to all Ivdians, both men and women, nor fo generally fpoken by them as their owne ; therefore the Preifts and Fryers have taken paines tolearn the native tongues of feverall places and countries, and have ftudied to bring them to a Form | and method of Rules, that fo theufe.of them may bee continued to fuch as fall fucceed after them. Neither is. there any one language general] to all places, but fo many feverall and different one ie another, that from Chiapa ahd Zogues, to Guatemala, and San Salvador, and all about Henduras, there are at leaft eighteen feverall languages, andin this diftriét fome Fryers who have perfectly learned fix or {evenof them. Neither in any place are the In- dians taught or preached unto. but in their native and mother tongue,which becauwle the Preift oncly can {peake,theretore are they fo much loved and re- {pected by the Natives, And: althoughforthe time I lived there, I learned and could {peake in two feverall tongues, the one called Cacehiquel, the other Pacousht,or Pocomanswhich havefome connexion one withanorher;yet the Po- couchi being the eaficlt , and moit elegant, and that wherein I did conftantly — - preach and teach, [thought fit to fet down fome rules of it, ( with the Lords Prayer, and brief declaration of every wordinit) to witnefle and teftifie to pofterity the truth of my being in thofe parts, and the manner how thofe bar- barous tongues have, are, and may be learned, , ee There ts not inthe Peconchz tongue, nor in any other the deverfity of de- clenfions,. which is.inthe Latia tongues yet there is adouble way of decli- ning all Nownes, and conjugating all Verbes, and that ts with divers particles according to the words beginning with a yowell or a confonant,neither is there any difference of cafes, but onely. fuchas the faid Particles or fome Prepofiti- ons may diftineuifh. + oikeant SN : The Particles for the words.or Nownes beginning witha Confonant are as followeth, | : TORE Bo: Sifgs-Nv,A, Paplural.ca, Ata. Qui tacque, As for exampic, 241, fignifiech a houfe, and Tar, fignifieth father,which are thus declined ; cht leas + Sings Nwpatmy houle, Apar,thy houfle,Rupat,bis houfe. Plural. Capa, our houle, 4pzrta, your honfe, Zazpat tacque, their houte: 5 — Shere me ——— =, ae - etn ee SS ST geste ae | I a | 1 : Sing. Sing. Nutatzmy Father,Atat,thy Father,Ratat his Pather.Plural.Catat,our Fa- ther, Atatta, your Father, Quitatacque, their Father; Thus ate declined Nownes beginning witha Confonant. As, Queh, ahorfe, Nuqueh, Aqueh; Ruqueh, orc. H wh, booke, or paper, Nwhuh, Ahuh,Ruhuh. Moloh, Egge, Numoloh, Ancoloh, Rumoloh, HolomHead, Nubolow, Aholom,Rubolom, Chi, Mouth, Nuchi, Achi, Ruchi. Cam, hand,Nucam, Acam, Racam. Chac, eth, Nuchac,Achac,Ruchas, Car, fith, Nucar,Acar, Rucar, Cacar,Acarta, Qui cartace que. Chacquil, body or fleth of man, Nuchacquil, Achacquil, Ruchacquil, Cachacquil, Achacquilts, Quichacquil tacque. ‘ins : Some words there are which are pronounced like ts, which are written not with ts, but with this letter #3, peculiar in that tongue , as for ts7, dogge, tsé- quin, bird, Nutsi, ray dog, Atsé,thy dog, Ruts, his dog,Cats?,our dog, Atsita, your dog, Quit/i tacque, their dog. Nutsiquin, my bird, Atsiqnin, thy bird, Rutsiquin, his bird, Catsiquia, our bird, Atsiquinta,your bird, Quitss quintace gue their bird. There are no feverall.cerminations for cafes, asin Latins but the cafes are diftinguifhed with fome particles or prepofitions, as for example. The houfe of Reter, Rupat Pedro,putting the pofleffours name,and the particle, Rw,which isa pofteflive. So forthe dative,add the particle Re ; as for example, giveto Peter his dog, Chaye re Pedrorutsi. For the accufative,when it is motion to 4 place, or elfe not, adde C4i, as for example, I goe tothe houle of Peter, Qui- no chi rupat Pedro. The Vocative admitteth of this particle 4h, or ha, of wi- fhing or calling, as, O'my fon, or ho my fon, Ah vacun, or havacun. The Ab- lative keeping ftil the fame termination with the Nominative,is exprefled with fome prepofition or other, asin my mouth, pan nuch?, with my hand, chi n#- cam. \n fignifying I, is undeclinable, as alfo 4r, fignifying you, or thou. The poffeffive mine, is alfo undeclinable,as v# chiv,mine, or for me; fo thine, or forthee, 4ve. Where notethatin this tongue there isnow, but ¥, or #, are pronounced as1, as though wee pronounce, macun , my fonne, wichin; mine ot for mee,4we, thine or for thee, wee write vacun, vichin, Ave. The Particles or letters, which ferve for Nounes beginning with a Vowell, are as followeth. Singular. 7. Av. R.Pural. C. or Qu.Avta.C. or qu.tacque, as for example, cuz, fignifieth fon, Ixim, Corn, Ochoch, likewife houfe, which afe thus declined. : 7 } Sing. Vacun,my fon, Avacun,thy fon, Racun,his fon.Plural. Cacu#,our fon, 4- wacunta, your {on, Cacustaque, their fon. | haan Sing. Vixim,my corn, Avixim,thy corn, Rixim,his corn.Plural. Quéxim,our corn, 4 peice corn, Quixim tacquetheircorm. | Sing.Vochoch,my houte, Avochoch, thy houle, Rochoch, his houfe. Plural. Cochoch, our houfe, Avochechta, your houfe, Cochochtague ,’ their houle. So likewife are varied or declined, 4bix, fignifying a plantation, or peece of round fowen. Acal, earthor ground. Vlew, alfo earth or ground. Acach; fea Save onely thatthe words beginning with J, admit g#, in the firft and third perfon plurall; the reft admit for the fame perfons plurall , C, onely. And as thus I have obferved for the varying or declining of Nounes sfo alfo doe all the Verbes admit of feverall particles for their conjugating, according as they begin either with a vowell or a confonant. : Thofe that begin witha confonant have fomewhat like the Nounes thefe atticles following. ioe : . Sing. Nu, Na, Inrw. Plural.Jnca, Nata,lngquitacque, As for example,lecoh, to love, , aot — Sing. POW So A New Survey of the Weft Tadies. Sing. Nalocoh,Hove,Nalocoh,thou lovett, Larulocoh hee loveth.Plural. In- calecoh, wee love, Nalecodta , yee love, Inquilocohtaque, they love. ; Nuroca, ot Nurapa, I whip, ot beat. »Nareca or Narapa, thou whippeft, or beateft ; Iwruroca, or Inrurapa, hee whippeth or beateth. Plural. Ivcaroca, or Incarapa, wee whip, or beat; Narocata, or Narapata, yee whip,or beat, Inquirocatacqueor Inquirapatacqne, they whip or beat: mi | Nutsiba,\ write,Natsiba,thou writelt, Iwrutsiba, hee writeth: Plural: Inca: tsiba, wee write, Natsibata, yee write, Inquitsibatacque, they write; There is no preterimper fect tenfe,nor preterpluperfeét tenfe 5 but the preter- perfect tenfe ftandeth for them neither is there any Future but the prefent tenfé ex preffeth it, and ts underftood for it,according to the fenfe of the difcourfe, as Nulocoh Pedro,\ love or wil love Peter. Tinulocoh,l love thee,or I wil love thee; Yet fometimes for fuller expreflion of the Future tenfe, is added this Verbe; suv] wil,zava,thou wilt,Zara,he will,as Inva aulocoh Pedro,t willlove Peter: _ The Particles for the Preterperfect tenfe;are as follow : ~ Sing Ivan, Xa.Txru.Plural..xca Xa ta.lxqui tacque:W here nore,that in all thefe particles, and in all this language, the letter x, is pronounced like fh. as Txnt, like Ihnu.xa, like fhas Ixra, like Ifbtw. Ixcalike Ifhca. and fo torth. 'Preterperf.Sing..xnulocoh,I have loveds Xalocoh thou halt loved, Lerulocoh, he hath loved. Plural. Zxcalocoh, we have loved, Xalocohta, yee have loved, Ix- quilocohtacque, they have loved. And fo of all the Verbes above. The Particles for the Impérative Mood are thefe following ; : For the fingular number, and fecond perfon, Cha , for the third perfon fingu- lar Chira; for the firft perfon plural, Chicas for the fecond, Cha ta, for the third Chiqui tacgue: as for example. Chalocoh, love thou, Chiralocoh, let hitn loves Plural. Chicalocoh, let us love ; Chalocohta, love yee. Chiquilotacqne, let them love. And {0 of the reft of the Verbes above. — | The Optative Mood is the fame with rhe Indicative, adding to it this Particle Ta, which fignifieth as much as wtinam , or, would to God, as Nalocoh ta Dios, would God thoulove God ; Ixnulocoh ta Dios, would God I had loved God. 215 The Conjunctive Mood al (Gis the fame with the Indicative adding to it this Particle,or Prepofition ve/, and ta,if. As for example : vez zalocoh ta Dios, if thou love God, wei ixuwlocoh ta Dios, if I had loved God. There is no Infinitive Mood, but the Indicative ferveth for it. As, Quinchot nutsibal canwrite. Ouinguimi, fignifieth to die, “il quinquimi,ldefiretodye. | pe Note further, that in all Verbes Actives, when mee and thee are expreffed as the Accufative cafe following the Verbe, they are coupled to the perfon chat doeth or goeth before the Verbe, by thefe two Particles for the prefent tenfe,. Quin,mee,Ti,thee. And for the preterperfect renfe, xiv, mec, zxti, thee, As for example. gis ugh ‘ ons aes Quinalocoh,thoulovett me.Xinalocoh,thou haft loved nie. Quinraalocoh chow wilt love me. Qu/nalocohta,love me,or I pray God thoulove me. ei quinalo- cob,if thoulove mesvei xivaloéoh,if thou haft or hadft loved mees Qecnarach nalocoh,thou defireft to love me.So for the perfonbeing the Accufacive.T7#alo= cob,t love thee. Lxtinulocoh, Lhaveloved thee. Tiranulocah,t will love thee. Tinulogobta, pray God Love thee ; vei tinulocoh, if Love thee; vei 2xtine- locoh, if Lhave or had loved thee. Tinurach nalocoh , 1 defire to love. Note further, thathefe two Verbes, Qvinebol, which fignifieth,I can or am, able,and Jnva, which fignifieth I will, when they axe put with other sate he, idefire, Narach | ©. ae “A New Survey of the Welt-Indics. whatfoever perfon, they are elegantly put imperfonally in the third perfon fin- gular. Asforexample:: are oe : Inchol nulocoh,1 canlove. Inra nulocoh, lwilllove. Ixraixnulocoh, I have been willing to love. Ixchol ixnalocoh, I have been able to love. Tichol nulo- coh, 1 can love thee, Tra nulecoh, I will love thee. The Letters or Particles for Verbes beginning witha Vowell, are thefe that follow. , , e Sing. Inv. Nav.Jer.Plural.Jngu.or Inc. Nauta, Tnqutacque, or Inc tacque. As for example, Eea,fignifieth to deliver,which is thus formed. Sing Invega,I deliver. Navega, thou delivereft, Ivrega,he delivereth. Plural, Inqueca, wee deliver , Navegata, yee deliver ; Inqueca tacque, they de- liver. | | 3 . ¢achhi, Lam forgiven. 3 fives, are thefe followg Sing. Quin. Ti. TgiMpural. Coh, ot Co. Tita, Quitacque.As fer example : Ouinloconchi,: oved, Tiloconhi, thou art loved. Inloconhi, hecis Plural. Coloconhi, wee are loved, Tilecosbita, yeearcloved. Quiloconbitac- que, they ate loved. Quinrochi, 1 am beaten or whipped; T7rcchi, thou art beaten or whipped; [#- rochi, he is beaten or whipped. Plural. Coroch/,wee are beaten or whipped, 77- eee ye are beaten or el 5 Quirochi tacque y they are beaten or whip- ade a | The Particles for the preterperfect tenfe are thefe following. | Sing. Xin. Ixti. Ix. Plural, Xoh, or Xo. Ixti ta, xitacque. As for example. . Sing .Xinloconhi,\ have bin loved./xtiloconhi, thou haft bin loved.Ixloconbi, hee hath been loved.Plural. Xolacovhi,wee have been loved. {xtiloconhita,yce | have been loved, X#loconhi tacque,they have been loved. Xivrochi,I have been. whipped or beaten. Ixtirochi,thou haftbeen whipped or beaten. Ixrochi hee hath been whipped or beaten, Plural. Xorechi, or xohrochi,we have been whip- pe or beaten, Jxtarochita,ye have been whipped or beaten. Xirochi tacque,they ave been whipped ombeaten. . ri . | C ANew Suroey of the Welt-Indies. asia Tiloconhi, Bee thou loved,, Chilocowbo, let him bee.loved. Plural. Chicalo- conbo, let-us bee loved, Tiloconbota , bee yee loved, Chigquiloconho.tacque, let them bee loved. Where you fee the particle 47 is changed into he, x: .. The Optative Mood , and the Conjunttive are. after the manner of the The Imperative Mood igi thus +} ise Verbs Adtives,by put to ta in the Optative,and vez inthe Conjunctive, As for example. ee ee | ‘Ouinlacenhi ta, 1 prayGod Lbec loved. Tiloconhi ta, 1 pray God thou bee loved, Inloconhita,] pray God hee be loved , Cohlocowhita,I pray God we bee loved. -Tiloconhitata., 1 pray God yee be loved. Quiloconki ta tacqne, I pray God they bee loved.. eile ade eee aN eo _ Sointhe preterperfect tenfe #4 onely is added: as-forexample. whe 4 Xinloconhita;would to God I have or had been loved. Ixtiloconpita,pray. God thou haft or hadft bin loved,I«loconhita,Pray God he have or had beén loved. Plur. Xolocowbitaspray God we have or had been loved, Jxtil oconh? ta ta,l pray Ged ye have or had bin loved, X/leconhi ta tacque,I pray God they have or had been loved. ‘Where note that the particle Ta, ifany other word or fentence be put withthe Verb,may bee put before the Verb,as Naw ta QuinlocondiJ pray God I be greatly loved. Otherwife if the Verbe be alone, ta is placed after it. The Conjunctive Mood is thus ,e7 Quinloconhi if I beloved, Ver tiloconht, if thou bee loved, and fo forth. aa aoe : gS es This is all, which commonly is taught concerning this tongue. In which grounds hee that is perfect in, and hatha, Dictionary of the feverall words of it, may foone learn to fpeake it. As I fhall .underftand by my beft friends,that thereis adeiire of Picthes printing a Dictionary] fhall fatjg fic their defires,and apply my {elf unto it. Thefe few rules for the prefentl haye thought fit to pring, for Curiofity fake,and that it may appear,how eafie the m tongues are to be jearned.I fhall conclude this unparalleld work, with the@Lords Prayer in that tongue, and with a brief explication of it. ie : | Catat taxah vilcat, Nimtaincaharcihi avis Inchalitg/Avibanripan Cana In- vanivita Navayabvir vachacal, heinvantaxah. Chaye runa cabuhunta quih vis, N. acacht4camac , Fe incacachve Guimac ximacqnivi chiquih, Macoaca- na chipamcatacchihi,Coavecata china unche stiri, mani quire, he inqui.Amen, Note. Catat, according.to the rule of declining Nounes.is the firft perfon plural which is known by the partlcie Ca,added to Tat which fignifieth father ¢ and Catat is our father. Cpe 40 et aE ESS : Taxah fignifieth heaven, it is put before the word or verb vile.at,for more ele- gancy fake, and for better placing of it, contrary to the Latin and Englifh , where ¢s, and art, is put before 7# cwlis,or in heaven. Likewile it is put without a prepofition,contrary to the Greeke, Latin arid Englifh: for in this tongue many times the prepofitions ate omitted and. underftood...° o Vilcat fignifieth es or art : itis the fecond perfon of the Verbe, .Sam,es, fui. whichis a Verbe Anomal,and not conjugated after the rule of Verbes above. As forexample.Vilquin, 1 am, Vilcat,thou art, villi, hee is, Plural. Yilcoh,wee © ate, Vilcatta, yee axe, Vilque tacque, they ate. The Preterperfect tence, Xinvi,I have been, Ixtivi, thou haft been, Ixvz, hee hath been. Plural. Xohv/, we have been, Jxtivitayee have been, Xivi tacque, they have been. Imperative. T7vz or Tivo, bee thou; Chivi or Chivo,let him be. Plural. Cohvi ta or Cohvota, let us bee; Tivita or Tivota, bee yee, Quivitaor Oujvotatacque, lerthem bee. The Optative and Conjunttive are.according to the Rule.above , by adding taor veintathe nre“pr tenfeand re: one ge Tet ative Mood. Se Ee ANew Survey of the Welt- Indies. Nim ta Incaharethi, which figniheth, I pray God may be greatly magnified- Nim fignifieth great or greatly. Ta is optantis, or of withing. Incaharcibi, is the third perfon of the Verbe Quincaharcihi, which fignifieth to be magnified orextolled ¢ andis formed according tothe nile above, from the aétive verbe; Nucaharcato magnifie or extoll,by changing the laft-a into thi,and adding quin the particle of the paffive: «pe: a are eS ae Avithy name. V7, fignifieth name, and according to the rule above for Nounes beginning with’ a Confonant a is the particle of ‘the fecond “Inchalita’ avibauri,\et come thy Kingdome, is’ the proper expreffion of this in Englifb. Inchali, is the third perfon of the Verbe Q#inchali, which fignifieth to come. 'T4 is as before optantis 5 or of wifhine. Ihauri ov Thanric , fignifieth kingdome. 4v, added, fheweth the fecond perfon. Pan cana, upon our heads. This isa peculiar expreffion in that tongue? Which ‘( as. all other tongues) hath many phrafes, ftrange expreffions, proper elegancies and circumlocutions. Whereof this one, to fay, “Let thy King- dome come upon our heads. Pam or Pan, isa prepofition, fignifying in or within, orupon. Wa fignifieth head, Nwna, my head, Casa, our head,accor ‘ding to the rule above : from whence they calla hat, Pax Numi, as being upon the head. hae ~ Invanivita Nava, let be done what thou wilt. They have no proper Noun 40 exprefle a mans will, but exprefle it by a Verbe:I#vanivi, is the third per- fon of the Verbe, Quinvanivi, which fignifieth'to be made or done. fhe Adtive is Navan, I doe or make: from whence are formed many paffives, ‘as Quinvan or Bone angi» Of Quinvani,or Quinvanivi, or Quinvanaré ; or ‘Quinvantibiy whgweof this laft fignifieth to bee done fpeedily. And fo'to ‘all Verbes ActiveStind Paffives, this particle 2h, is added atthe end,to fient “fie hait or {peed in doing any thing. Nava, is the fecond perfon of the Verbe, Inve, will, according to the rule for verbes beginning witha vowell, Nava, thou wilt, Zvra, he vill | - Yahvir vach acal, here upon the face of the earth’; Yahvir, isan Adverbe fignifying here, Vach fignificth face, Nuvach,my face, Avach\ thy face, Ruwach, his face. Acal, fignifieth the earth or ground. He invan taxah,as it is done in heaven. He is an Adverbe,fignifying even as, Invan, ts the third perfon of the paffive Verbe, Quznvan, to bee done. Taxah, as before, fignifieth in heaven without any prepofition to it. Chayérusa, give today. Nuye is the firft perfon of the prefent tenfe, fig- nifying, I give, Cha, is the particle (according to the rule above ) of the fe- cond perfon of the Imperative,Mood, Chaye,give thou; Chyruve,let him give. Runa,to day. : # . : Cahuhun taquih viic,our every day bréadjwhere note that caput before by- hunis very elegantly placed,though it doe belong tothe word viie,which figni- fieth bread. Nuvitc,my bread, Caviic,our breid. Hwhua'is an undeclined word, fignitying every one, or every thing. qu#h fignifieth the fun or the day. - - Nagach ta camac, 1 pray God thowforgive ourfinnes. They wfe not here the Imperative Mood, as in Latin demitte,and in’ Exelifh forgive, but with the par- ‘ticle ta, of withing, they ufe the Optative Mood. ‘Wac.ich is thé fecond perfon ‘of the Verbe, Nugach, I forgive. Mac, fignifieth fin. Nwmac, my fin or fins, “ca- mac ,our fins. Laval is another word in that tongue alfo to fighifie fin. » . He incacashve qnimac,Eyen as we forgive their fins.Lacacach is the firft perfon plural, according to the rule above, for verbes beginning with a confonant; ve : is ANew Sercey of the Welt-Indies, js put at the end for elegancysfake. Quins is the third perfon plural. Where note ¢habinva whole-{peech or fentence, fometiaes the parricle sacqze, obferved a- --hevein the rule fordceliningis leftours abd.fometimes itis! added. As here; qnimmac their fins 5 ‘or elfe it might: have-been qainac tacque. ; Sigel dow Kim acquivichbqualchat have finned againtt out backsjof Mac, fignifying fin} is this Verbeformed, quinmmarqusr7,to fin.Solikewife oflaval fin, isformed a> nother Verb;2quinlavini jrofins: ‘This Verbe qaimmarquivi is a Deponent 3, of avhich fort there aremany inthat tongues.as qwncutamtsto preach, which have hefame Particlescas: the :Verbes: Pallives. Ghiquth aas/a word compounded of the Prepofitron ché anda, which fignifierty back; ands varied like. the; Nounes ‘beginning witha Vowel, and joyned with-chz, ,fignifierh againtt ,.as Chivih, acainft mee; chavih sawaintt thee; chirihyagaintt him, Plural. Chiqush, againtt uss chavibta; againtt yee, chiquth racqnesagaink them, >Andif another, third perfon bee named, cizrih, . fandetliforaganft, as. ohirih Pedro, againtt Peter, that is, againft the back. If many be named in the third perfon Plural,then chi- quibis uled,as chiquih unche, or chiquih cunch elalagaintt all. : | Macoacana, leave usnot. This Verbeis here compounded of three : firft; Ma, is abbreviated from the word #ani,which fignifieth no or not, as likewife maz- chuck. Co ox coh, ficnifieth wee or us, and asin thé rules before I have obfer- ved,is put here before the Verbswhich caufeth the # to be cut off from the verb, which otherwife {hould have beene zacana, of nucana, I leave, nasana; thou leavett nrucana,he leavethand foforth: ; Chipavz catacchibi, in our being tempted. This is another great elegancy in that tongue to ufe a Verbe Paffive fora Noune,and to add to it a Prepofition 5 as here, chipam, which fignifieth in; and putting to the Verbe the Particles awheresith the Nounes.are varied and declined. Nutacchih, fignifieth I tempt. The Paflive is quintaccbibi,l am tempted ; from whence auéacchihi, fignifieth my being tempted, or my temptation ; atacchibi, thy temptation, 7atacchihi, histemptation, catacchihi, our temptation. , Coavegata china unche tsirt. Deliver us from all evill things. Inweea.as [have noted betore, fignifyeth to deliver. Cais the firft perfon Plural put before the Verbe, as 1 obferved in the rule above, and inthat Conjunétion or compound macoacana. China isa Prepofition, fignifying above or from. Unche,fignifieth all, whichisundeclinable. ts#r7, is an Adjeétive properly undcclinable alfo or unvariable,in Gender,Cafe,and Number ; as are all Adjectives in that tongue. It fignifieth evill or bad; as tsiré vinac,an evill man, ts/ri ixec,a bad woman, tsiri chicop,a bad or evill beaft; {0 likewife in the Plural number it is the fame. Without a Subftantive it is as the Newter Gender, as malxm for malares, fig- thing, orevillthings. The Subftantive that is formed from nifying anevi oe Voronguil , fignifieth the it, is tsir.quil,which fignifieth evill or wickednefle. fame. ~ nomen ord 7. Mani quirenot good: this is put for a further expreflion of evils to be delivered oted before,fignifieth not. Quire,is as from whatfoever is not good.Maat,as In tsiri,an Adjective, fignitying good or a good thing, and is undeclinable, unva- _rablein both numbers, Quire vinac,a good man, Fuiroixor, a good woman, guiro chicop, agcod beatt; fo likewife in the plural number, qusro vinac; good men. The Subftantive that is derived from this Adjedtive,is,quirohal,goodnels. Chiobal,fignificth the fame.quirolah,is very good tsirilabvery bad,where /ahis added at the end of an adjective, it puts the fame aggravation as valde in Latin. He inqui,evenas he faith. The meaning is, even as hee faith that taught this prayer. Quiagui, fignificth Lay, taque, thou faiett, ingu7, hee faith, Cohqui, ANew Survey of tha Weft-Indies, wee fay, tqiita, yee ay, quiquitacque, they fay. 9 tS tee i | Amen: All words Which have ‘no true expreffion in the J#dians tongues, are continued in the Spamifh, or in'the proper tongue, as here. Amen. Sowine which formerly they had not , they-call wives; though by an improper word fome call it Ca/tilana ha, that is, the water of Cattile.: So God, they call. Dios commonly; though fome call him Nim Abval,that is, thegreat Lord... - “And thus for curiofities fake, and by the intreaty of fome fpeciall friends, J have furnithed the Preflé with a language which: never yet: was printed, or known in ‘England. ' A’Merchant; Mariner, or Captaine at Sea may chance by forturie to be driven upon fome Coaft, where he may meet with fome. Paco- man Indian; and it may becof great ufe to him, to-have fome light of this Poconchi tongue. W hereunto I hall be willing hereafter to add fomething more ‘for the good of my Countrey; and for the prefent I leave thee Reader to ftudy what Rieheito hath briefely been delivered by mee. ©... om Ot LELLLLSPLELLGLP SB LLEP SELES GS Lh LoPSboLa Po CPPS ELIS SSS PY $P$ESESSLEEELELIEES E56 FE EGER EG EE. OFGEPPEE SE IEE SE A. Table of the Chapters of this Booke, with the Contents of the moft R emarkeable things in them.* CHAP 1)’ Rome. page 1. Without creat Sumsof Mony , and new Purple Clothing given to the Cardi- nals Suits are not Canonixed at Rome..pag.2. | ; Monies fent ont of Englandto Rome, for Indulgencies to bee. granted to. private Altars in Papifis private chambers. page 2. More power granted to the Kings of Spain.over the Clergy in the Weft-In- dia’s, then to other Princes in Europe,upon condition that they maintain there thé Popes Authority, and Preifts to preach, page 2. 3. AT en ae et The Fefwites challengéefrom Francis Ravierius the Preaching of the Gofpel asdue onely to them. page 3. ee. . vo Mifsions of Preifis, Fryers, or Fefuites, are. yeerely fent at the King of 'Spaine his charee tothe Indias. page 3.0 CHAP. IL Shewiag tbat the Indians wealth, under a'pretence of their Conrierfion bate corrupted the hearts of poore begging Fryers,with firife, hatred and ambition. Pasys- nig a . Contents. , Hatred grounded upon difference in Religzon, moft bitter. Page 3. 4. Tefuites and Fryers, but efpectally Dominicans, deadly enemies. Page 4. A Tefuiticall trick we acted at Venice. page 4. an 5 “a Doctor Smith Bifbop of Chalcedon fent by the Pope znto England, 6 prie\ vate Head over allthe Romith Clerey, chiefly by the conning fubtilty of Iefuites ~ sas banifhed. page 4. e | : A Colledge privately intended to bee built in England, by Iefwites af Wini- feeds Well; 2 alfothe Sopéhowfes at Lambeth, with the S ope Patentee belong- ing tothem. pages. \\ pe ee 7 More lefwiticall prankes difcovered. page 5. . Why Rhee and Dominicans are dead enemies, page. 5.6. Valentiathe Ie(wite, his death moft thamefull, for caufing a falfe Print upon Auguttins workes. page. 5. 6., gee 5 nee waa Téfuites, excelent Mufictans, Fencers, Dancers, Vaulters, Painters, Bribers, ana Merchants.p.6. OC , ee ft CHAPSILE Shewing the manner of the MifSions of Fryers and lefwites to the India’s.pag.7, | Contents. Di flinction of feverall Provinces among t the Fryers,and lefuites, at Rome, zaimed General, page 7. “Welt-India Fryers rich prixes tothe Hollanders. page 7. | Popes indulgence granted to {uch Eryers, as goe tothe India’s 4nd his excom- municationto {uch as oppofe them. page 8. : Liberty draws moft of the Fryers to the India’s. page 3. “The death of an unchaft wife murthered by her owne husbayd » caifed by the too much liberty of a wanton F rer in Guatemala, Anno 16 35 -p.g. ; CHAP. IV. | « Shewing to whit Provinces of the Eaft and Welt-India’s belonging ta the Crowne of Caftilia, are ext Mifsions of Fryers and Tefwites. And {pecially of the Milsons [ent inthe Jeer 1625. page 9, . under head & ail ) Contents. » ‘Tio ye of Spaniards in the India's deadly enemies to one another uves Lorne there, and {uch as oe from Spain thither: page 9. 10. ' What Religious Orders arethe chief Preachers in the Province of Guatemala,. AS ar aes ee eta als ae | . ‘ The Spaniards chief trading from Spain to Philippinas , 7 Sirfl, by their foips to St. John de Ulhua, wpox the North Sea 54nd [econdly, from Acapulco, 0% the South Seato Manil ~page rr. > 5 - peor tf A vine and worldly difeourfe of a Fryer of the India’s, page 11.12. : The chief cau (¢ of the Authors refolution to goe to East and Weit-India’s. page Foure poore Mendicanp Fryers, as Apottles entertained by Don Frederique« de Toledo, and the Gallies 2 Puerto de Santa Maria. page 14. CHAP. Vv. of the Indian Fleet, rhat departedyfvim Cales, Ann fame remarkable palaces in that vege, Page 14,” sViz.the.Nac © Dom, 1625. And of VT We exes eh Hkaws CONTENTS. ae The love of Nias toopomerfull over. Fryers, page.n4. | The Author hid in ay empty barrell on hipboard, in the Bay of Gales; PAGE 154 > The plesfure of the Indian Navigation,1625. i until their ft land was aifcover- ed. page 16, aaa sha eS pe Ea — “Wee G9 Sins ds HOR VES scat Of our difcavery S forme Tflands and what trouble befell usin oneof them, pl, } ue Mois Contents, 9.2 The lands called Deffeada, Matigalante, Dominica , Guadalupe » are the The Contents. © phe first di(covered in America, inthe Spanith Navigation. page t7. i A Chriftian Mulatto having lived twelve yeeres. among Heathens, with un Infidel wife.and Children, found in Guadalupe. page'18. a GA. fuddame nproare and mutiny of the Indians of Guadalupe , who flew and wounded many of the Spanith Fleet, 1625. page 25. to, OF CHAP. MER shere, page 19. : of oy farther failing te St. John de Ulhia, alias, Vera. Crux, of our landing ‘ 5 fs eee | Gontents a,» EN 2 | ‘A Fryer wounded at Guadalupe, died,and was folemily caf tothe Sea.pag.20+ ‘A Spaniard fwimming in the f ound of Mexico,cruclly flain,and partly devoired by a Sea Monfter, page 21. | : ee 2 The Virgin Mary, called upon more thenGod,in a fuddain apprehenfion of a lorme. page 21. . ae CHAP. VIII. of our landing at Vera Qrux, othermife St. John de Ulbua, and of our enter= - tainment there, page 22+ : Contents. | 4 The vanity and worldline(fe of a Religious. Dominicnn Saperiour sn St. John deUlhua, page23- He The houfes and Churches of St. John de Ulhua, builded with boards and tim. ber, and therefore eafily and often fired, page 23.24. . ~ A further relation of the towne of St. John de Ulhua, with the rich trading of it from moft parts of the Welt-India's, as alfo from the Eaft-India’s. page. 24. ~ y CHAP. IX. : | Of our j ourney from St. John de Ulhua to Mexico, and of the moft renearkable Townes and Villages in the way, page 25. } | se, ; Contents. | Our Fryers firft entertainment by the Indians of the old Vera Crux .page 25. A Francifcan Fryers vow and profefaoncontrary tp the vanity,carding dicing, and fearing, prastifed by theme of Xalappa, ithe India’s. page 26. Abundance of Gnats ia the Rinconada, taketh away the comfort of the great a~ bundance of provifion that ws there. page 27. | | From whence the Towne called Segura de la Frontera had its beginning. pages 27.2.8. 0 BAP) Wherein is [et downe the Eftate and Condition of the great Towne of Tlax- callan,when the first Spaniards eatered into the Empire of Mexico. Cortez hi jirft encounter with the Tlaxcalteca’s, their League with him with a defcription of the Towne , and of the ftate and condition of it now. page 29: or | | Contents. , : . fae ‘A wall of (Lone without Lime or Morter, of a fadonee and a halfeihigh, and comming of she Spaniar Se page aores son! at ae he __ Fourefcore thoufsd Inchans, foomrdifed.and armed-by thofe of Elaxcallan, and feane over come by athonfind onely Indians and: Spaniards. math, Cortez..pag. ~ ver further a bundred ap d fifty | t h uf and ove re ome by foure hundred Spaniards, ~ Montezuma the Emperour bis great prefent fent to Cortez. pagegas oo ov The I laxcalteca’s pay no Tribute tothe Kine of Spain, 4s others doe, fave onely ne C Orp.0f Maix.pag. cin N ite ae vais oe \ A defeription of the faurechief p Severe luftice executed upon a thief by the inhabitants of Tlaxcallan, pag. 36. ATGARIK Lux SV ngahioloo Yo Concluding he reft of oxr Ionrney from Tilaxcallan te Mexico s threugh the City of Angels,and Guacocingo. pag.36. 5 The Cay.of Angels firft builded by the Command of Antonio.de Mendozayin the yeer 1§30. pag.37, 3 best! cs Sey a8h Tt was firft called by the Indians Cuctlaxcoapan,ghat ts to [aj:4 foakein mater. Many more particulars of the City of Angels briefly related Ibid. The Town of Guacocingo, why priviledgeid by the Spaniards.pag.38. __ Tezcuco, the firft Town in the Welt-India’s, that received a Chriftian King. a pig: 398 ‘ * r . ' r ae | bg ® How the Vergantines, (wherewith Cortez befieged Mexico by water) mere brought by Land in pieces from Tlaxcallan to Tezcuco, 24 fore hundred thou- - fand men, tif ty dayes imployed in making a {luce or Trench for the finilbimg of themand launching thene forth to the Lake. pag.4o. | | ~ Cortez bis Army divided inte three parts in the plain of Tezcuco, for the bet- ter befiezging of Mexico.pag.40.41. RES Ot. Seen : Cortez made ufe of feventhoufand beames of Cedar trees forthe. bui lding. of his houfe in Mexico.pag.41. FAs ’ CHAP. XII. Shewing [ome particulars of the great and famous City of Mexico in former times; with true defcription of it nom. Aud of the State and Condition of it, io the yeave 1625. pao 4.26 | ‘ Pere | eee ! aig, © ya __ Little fubftance or nourifbment found in the fruits, and other food of Mexico. - Pag. 42-AZ eyo (BES Ae nak ah x“ eee ead é Ss eUt~ The Concents. Severall opinions concen asdbend difference of ; fra and fle mater a the ake of Mexico. p. 43, ‘ “Montezuma hes ately Patheed tv Mexico dalled Tepacs sails tao: wore 2yhes ‘one with me aiey ponds of: fale and frefh water for fewerall forts af iif the os her _ for hawking fowles; aad fomles of TApines P44, AS Three thonfand were the Athemdants tm Montezuma bis c avert, fal mre wha came from bis Kable, pe Ab a. _Mexica called farmerly Tenuchtitlan,: nl why a ibid: ELSES ie Mexico properly fignifieth, and from Nici Vagal pid v, vi he Names ofthe ten dis nett that nicre of Mexico; and Monteanins bp Sar ‘ibids Quahutimoe Em} oper our of Mexico taken phifancr, amd shat great ie con- querea by Cortez the 13. 0f Auguft, 1521. p. 49. © - Two hundred alee ile l; - heats “called Canoas , lelodecd to Mexico , te bring provifion into the City. ip.i 50. | ADe efcription of the chiefe Market of Mexico, wherein a Inindred loetiad per(ons. did ufually meet to buy and fell. ps 50,51. A Defcription A: the greit Church ef Me exico, before the eatring of the Spa- niatds. p.51, 52. The Pa pifis have continued the falbion of their Churches, Altaiss: Cloifters and wany other their abufes from ithe Heathens. p, i 535 The Gods of Mexico, two thouland in -number. Pa 53: Mexico after the C ongnel, was built agaigew. with abundyed thanfapd ha 34. "i Fifteen thoufapd Coaches are judged tobe in the City of. Mexico, Pe 56. we. Se prefented to ile King of Spain, worth halfe a neillion v8 Dic- ates. bids." : | Lampe in Mexico worth foure hundred thoufapd Cromnes. ibids 9 The Attire of the female [ex of Blackmores, Mulatta’s, and Meftiza’s in Mexico. p- 565.5 57: The Spaniards with their ois tothe Chae hes and Cloifters caver their la feivious lives, as is fhewed by « an example in Mexico. p..57- : \dbont imo thow [and Coaches dnily meet in the Alamedaof Mexico. 59. Of afruiti : the India’s, called Nuchtli. p-. Go. Of [ome other fruits, and efpecially of 4 tree called Meth. p. 60,61. A memorable hiftory of of a great mutiny in Mexico, caufed. by the tos great power of an Archprelate, and the Covetoufnelfe of the Viceroy. With [ome obler- vations gathered ie the good of England ent h the sfc ud. ae ae P. 624 & fequent. “CHAR. xi, Shewine she Fesevelh parts hyp this new world of America; and the places of Note about the famous City of Mexico. p: 68.‘ Contents. A ‘Deferiptton of the fiery Mountain, called. Ronucacee Po 69a: The riches belonging to the Viceroy his hi? Me at Chapultepec; worth above 4a million of Crownes. Pp. 70. A Defeription of arich Defitt, or wilderaf three leew ee es ibid. ay The cruelty of Don Nuinio de Guemes in Mechoacanu ips ne. Os eas fuch as foould conceale, harbour, andhide any Fryer bound for the P _ The manner of burying the Kings of Mechocan, bef ore it was conquered by the Spaniards. p. 71, 72. | The Spaniards themfelves wonder that our Englith Nation ts wot more Active in conquering mere of the Continent of America beyond Virginia. p. 73. Nova Albion iz America, named {0 by Sir Francis Drake, Dy 7a How the Countrey of Jucatan'was firft. named, ibid. °° Inthe year 1632.the Indians of Jucatan mutinied againft the Spaniards. ibid. The City of Valdivia (o named frome. Spaniard of that name *too greedy and covetows of gold. p. 76. (his bay, Mange te Oy ‘» The famous Attempt of John Oxenham an Englith man, from the Cont of Nombre de Dios, tv the Ifland of Pearles inthe South fea. p. 97. : _ The Spanith Fleet of Nova Hilpania taken by the Hollanders, iz the river of Matanzos. p. 80. Leek ay } CHAP. XIII. s hewing may I ourney from Mexico to Chiapa, Seuthward, and the mop. ree warkable places in the way. p. 81. : , ff ae Contents. ee yap eafon sI flayed in America,and would not Ze on to the Philippina Iflands in the Eatt-India’s. p. 82. A Proclawsation from the Viceroy in the market place of Mexico., Againft hilippina Iflands. p. 83. fl Belg | : A double Wheat harveft every yeer ina Valley, called St. Pablo, Pp. 35. | The Dominicans Cloifter in Guaxdca, very rich, and Strong. p. 86. The great River Alvarado, though it run from St. John de Ulhua far into the heart of the Countrey towards Guaxaca; yet there ws no Cafile, Tower, or Ordnance upon it..ibid, th aoe : An Old F rier, Mafler of Divinity, fpightf{ully and malicion ily buried ima gare den by the Friers of Guaxaca. ibid. BANK os Friers in the India’s may travail, and call for T; urkeys, Capons, or what they pleafe to cat, without any mony, upon the Indians charges, pe 87. Tecoantepeque,4 Sea Towne, upon Mar del Zur; altogether wnfortified ibid. The Author lodgedin a Wilderneffe, and affrichted with a fare apprehenfion of death by Wild beafts. p. 88, 89.. gh: The Author, and his Companies dangerous ‘fase over the mountaine of Maquilapa, feeding three daies upon green fowre - cmmons, and water. p. 90. & fequ. : Two myfterious games of Tables played between the Superiour of the Domini». can Friers of Chiapa, azd the Author and his Company. p. 94, 95. Our flately entertainment in a Towne colled St, Philip, zeer Chiapa.p.95396. bread amd water. p. 96. A Fritrs penance in Chiapa for a Love letter toa Nun, Pp. 97. The Author made Schoole- mafteria Chiapa. ibid. | : id abd mie. inthe Cloifter of Chiapa, and three daies penance mith CHAP. Xv. : Deferibing the Couutrey of Chiapa, with the chiefeft Townes and Commodi- ties belonging toit. pi'g8. bi \an TT Bote’ ‘ oe |The Contents. : Contents. - Some foolifh queftions moved tothe Author by a gréat Don of Chiapa,and his | dnfwertothem accordingly. p. 99. & fequ. One thoufand and fix hundred Duck ates got by a Bifhop of Chiapa in one moneth onely for Confirmation of little children in Indian Townes. p. 102, A Bifhop of Chiapa poifoned by women, with a cap of Chocolatte, for forbid. ding Chacolatte to be drunke inthe Church. p.. 103. abbas: Fhe Author bis anfwer toa taken fent to hin by a gentlewoman of Chigpa, p. Tod. , : Ler as. , The great Dexterity of the Indians of Chiapa in fhewes, and publike fexfts. ibid. : | alee ata - The River of Tabaleovery commedious for any Nation to enternp tow.trds Chiapa. p. 105. ? _— ») < CHAP. XVI. Concerning two-daily, and common Drinkes, or Potions much ufed in the In- dia’s, called Chocolatte, aud Atole. p. 106. BE | | Contents. The Nature of the Cacao, and the tree it groweth it upon,and the two forts of tt. DP. 106, 107. i" Ci | Cinnamon one of the beft ingredients in.the Chocolatte; and why? p18. — cAchiotre how it croweth, and for what it is good, ibid. Ce laa Severall waies to ink the Chacolatte. pe 109. Senet vie Sheming my Tourney from the City of Chiapa ante Guatemala,and the chief places im the ways p. itt. ° er ee : ee Contents: Six thonfand Dughates [ent by a Fryer to Spainto buy 4 Bifhoprickes. py T126 A vich treafire and picture of Mary in apoor ana [mall Town of the Indians, called Chiantla, among the mountaines named Guchumatlanes. Pp. 113»: The water of the river of aTowne, called Scapula, caufeth great fwellings.. im the throat. p.114~ | " oe . “the Auhour his dancereus fall from the mountaine of Lojabalh,;and. his. reat deliverance attributed to.a miracle by the Indians, mith the conceit thes In- dians bad of bis [anctity ANG POUNC Cs Po INS: 0 co tou Sinus : Ee ie The Indians exide the Friers inthe night, when they tréwalry with lights of Pine woods p. 116. | ae 5 Lic: suche ee GA The great Fair of Chimaltenango. py TJ. odes logy oe The Author abufed,and [ufpected to be afpic, by an ola frier 1m Chimaltenans, : o. ibid. ee : Stones of a fruit, or plumme, called. Xocopte,fit, for fering, and alfo good to fat hogs. 137, 118. ue aca gat Defcribing the Dominions, Government, Riches, and grest nelle of the City © of Guatemala, and Country belonging to it, p. 118. ) Cons 4 Pee 9 a ia is RO ea eS ce RE SMS ee Boa ia aiecastaateneglas it ibahinte fea a Be ee do 1s cea “The Contents. ‘ i Contents. Guatemala aw opem City without amy walls; forts, or Bulwarkes about it, p. 118. : ee ‘ : The Author welcomed to Guatemala; and firft graced with a publick AP of _ Divinity, and after made Mafter of Arts inthe (ame City. p. 118, 119, The pee of the Letters Patents, as are nfed there, and fent tothe Autho nr to read Ayts ix theUniverfity of Guatemala. \t _ The manner of prefenting the Author tethe Bi} preach publikely.p. 120: 121. The forme of the Bifhops Licence to preach and heare ConfefSions within his Bifhopricke, t# Spanith, and Enclith; with fome glolfes upon #. p. 121, 122% Donna Maria de Caftilia (allowed np by ariver which fisddarmly gufbed out of 4 mountaine neer te Guatemala, for bla[pheming and defying Ged. p. 124. The horrour of the Vulcan of fire veer Guatemala. ibid. Thirteen pound and ahalfe of Biefe fold about Guatemala for three pence. p. 125. , f One man. onely enjoying 40000. head of Cattell and one onely that bought 6000. neer Guatemala. ibid. ) | : How Guatemala and the Townes about are frored with provifion of Biefe and Mutton, and by whom, ibid. : : 3 -Foure exceeding rich Merchants 7x Guatemala, befides many other of. great, but inferiour wealth to them. p. 1 We a YS The Covetoufnefe of a Prefident of Guatemala fhewed in Carding and ga- wing. ibid. ey. Meet cat eas : Thins thoufand Duckats yeerly, the rent of one Cloifterin Guatemala, be- —* fides the treafure in it,wor:h a hundred thoufand, Crownes.p. 127. A raed perfons commonly living within one Cloifter of Nuns in Guate- mala. ibide in) S oten hasty. pratt eq canst The Bifhop of Guatemala his Nin, very powerfull and rich. p..228. The firength of the Blackmore flaves about the Cowntrey of Guatemala. ee | ine . All the power of Guatemala‘és vot able to reduce afew Blackmore faves, who are fled to the mountains about Golfo Duleep. 120--- bse Between'the Towne of Acacabaftlan and Guatemala are Mines of Copper, and iron, and probably a trexfure of Gold. pi rot. 3 Arich Mifer, worth fix hundred thoufand Duckates, living like abet inthe — valley of Mixco. p. 132. +3 pie cs he | Se A kind of wheat in the valley of Mixco, called Tremefino,’ which after three moneths forone isharveftedin, p. 135, | | | A Towne calledSt: Lucas, where wheat threfhed ws laid up in Bayues,and kee- peth two or three yeers with much increafe, ibid. " » A Towne of twelve thoufand Indian ahabitants not yetconquered lying bee tween Jucatan and Vera Paz, Pp: 136. ce | : op for obtaining his Licence to CHAP, XIX, _ Shewing the Condition, quality, falhion, andbehavionr of the Indians of the Countrey of Guatemala, fince the Conquet; and efpecialy of their feals and POPE 128. Mei yin iw . ab ? | The Contents, 7 \ Contents., an } The Indians of the Conntrey of Guatemala, like the Ifraetites by Pharaoh; such oppre(fed by the Spaniards, becanfe they multiply and increafe.p. 138, The Wett-India’s eafier tobe conquered now, then in the time that Cortez kong ered thos pis PROT JA ROOTT TA Gy os Some Indians choofe rather to die by pining away willingly then to be fubjett to _ the Spaniards oppre([ion and cruelty. roid. : SAO) | ~~” How the Indians are forced, and diftributed out by @ Spanith Officer to ferve the Spaniards weekly. p. Tgou : &AS) , | The manner of the \ndians beds y as alfotheir manner of cloathing. pv tar, 142. : / : ie : " hey aredivided into Tribes; with achiefe hend over every Tribe. p. 142, How they aeveeupon contracting Marriage one with another, ibid, The powdred bief of the Indians, commonly called ‘Tallajo. p. 143. The indian Venifoa, or flefh of wild Dear,how dreffed and eaten. ibid. 4 Hedechog gvod meatin the India’s. ibid. ‘ Of-an Indian drinke, called Chicha. “p, 144: aaiet ie The Spaniards ufe much tomake the Indians dranke;and then picke their poe- kets. 144 3agad\® oye | # The Preifts that live in the Indian Townes are above the luftices, and Officers jer peace, and whip, and give (éntence and judgement inthe Church againft the fe DP. 146. eee t h Sova and Attendants-allowed to the Preift..p. 147. How, and what tribute the Indians pay ycerly. p. 148. | ah : he Sains and Idols of the Romifh Religion aiffer not from the hearheni[t Idols in the Iridians opinion. p. 149. we : Saints held unprofitable by the Preifts in the India's, and fit to be caft ont of the Churches, which bringnot mony and gifts unto them at leaf? once a yeare: ibid. 7 3 ny : The Preifts trademuch in wax candles jand fell fomerimes one candle five 0 fix times. Pp. 50. Oy Anold Indian womans judgement concerning the Sacrament of the Lords Supper. p. 15¢,.15 5. fis , | All foules day, Chriffmas, Candlemas day, and Whit(unday , daies of great Incre,and profit tothe Preifts.p. 151, 152000 oie The Indians are forced to marry ME thirteen and fourteen yeers of age,and why? « 153 3 7; he ground of our Fairs im Wngland. p. 154. " Severall dances of the Indians. p. 1545155. CHAP. XX. Shewing how, and why I departed out of Guatemala, to learne the Poconchi language, and to live among the Indians, and of fome particular palfages » and Accidents whilst I lived there. p. 156. : i 3 Contents; : The Author going with [ome few Spaniards , and Chriftian Indians into # Countrey of unknorne Heathens, fell dangeroully fick, and was further in a skir- milh with the Barbarians, and by that meanes alfa in danger of bis life. p. 157+ Indians growne up in age, forcedly driven to Bapti{me, without amy pe ley | he, ples. hee os oie) P 4 eT aia ; ere be iuid i eta ii. i ieee i eee mana a REN ah cst eH... EI i The Contents. ples in Chriftianity, by the Preifts and Friers that firft entred into A merica.ibid. _| Comayacua, 4 woody, mountainous, and barren Conntrey. peisg. Inthe India’s are Grammers and Dictionaries of the feverall Undian tongues. The Authonr became perfect inthe Poconchi language in-one quarter of a gene Mid) oh wD 0'5 | : | Na: The meanes chiefly fromthe Church; which th ¢ Authour enjoyed yeerly in the Townes of Mixco.and Pinola. p. 161, 162. A Plague of Locufts in the India’s brought 20 {wall profit tothe Authonr. 163, 164. Cy ' 7 304 . 7 he denied? confidence in fome bleffed breads againft the plague of Locafts. ibid. | * . An infeitious difeafe among ft the Indians, brought to the Author neerahun- dred poundsinhalfe a yeer.. ibid. . The Authour firuck downe as deadto the round with a flafh of lightning.and againin danger of his life by an Earthquake. p. 165, 166. Of 4fmall Vermine,lefe then a flea called Nigua, common in the India's . wherewith the Author was in danger of lofing aleg, ibid. The Authour like tobe killed by a Spaniard, for defending the poore Indians , « 167. ‘ ; A cera Witch inthe Town of Pinola affrighted the Anthour. p. 167, & fequ. T, he Indian Wixards and Witches changed into hapes of beafts by the. De- wil, a5 appeareth by twa examples. p. 169.8 fequ. Some Idolaters in the Towne of Mixco difcovered their preaching Idol found out by the Authour, and burnt publikely in the Church; and hee in great dancer to bee killed by them. p. 171: & fequ. - e. / The Anthors conflict within himfelfe abour comming hometo Enelandyfor confcience fake, and his refolution therein, p. 180, 181. | «. Neer upon 9000. peeces of Eight got by the A uthour, intwelve yeers that hee lived inthe India’s. p. 181. ~ , CHAP. XXL | Shewing my Tourney from the Towne of Perapa into England; and fome chief pilages nthe way, p. 182. : ) Contents. | teu Relation of 4 place called Serro Redondo, five leagues from Petap3.p. 182. A ftrange fire and [moake conpfantly comming out of the earth weer tuto 4 Towne, called Aguachapas which by the Spaniards is fuppofed to be a mosth of bell. p. 183. The priviledge of a great river, called Lempa, dividing the Conutrey of St. Salvador, and Nicaragua, p. 184. A Frier thinking to take up gold from the bottome of the fiery Vulcan of Le- on deceived, p. 185. The City of Leon, and Countrey about, called by the Spaniards , Mahomets paradifes ibid. ) About the beginning of February, the City of Granada in Nicaragua # one of the richeft places in the India’s, by reafon of many rich commodities, and fome of the King of Spain his revenews carried thither, to be tran[ported by the Fri- gats to Carthagena.on Havana. p..185; 186... | The The Coritents., __ The dangerous palfage fromthe Lake of Granada by the river,.cimmonly cal-~ Ted El Delastader:. ma dBU,> an wubbeuk chick lapbeuiiines dike ont The Authour and his Company like to be furprixed by 4 monftrous Cayman, or Crocodile. p. 187. eal Boras. Mey The Authour robbed at fe. by a Holland sean of Warre, of the valué of 7000; Cee ee me as _. A Frier for defending the pooreludtins of Nicoya loft twe fugers, which “were cut off by the Alcalde MAior. Pu 1926. M0 The Author forced to drinke his ewne urine, and loft, and like to perifh im an unknowae Ifland, and aficrwards upon a Rocke. p. 193, 194: ‘Some particulars of the City of Panama. p- 195. | The river of Chiagre very fhallow im many places , without [ome great raind canfe the water to fall into it frovs the mountainess ibid. | | S onze particulars of Po dbello, during the time that the Spanith Fleet flayeth there. p. 196. 3 ! _ The Papifts Bread _ or Sacrament eaten and gnawne by a Moule iz Porto- bello, with a Faft in bread and water for thas. contempt done unto their God, Oi 997, 198. : . y Ms Spaniards feare of the Englith that then inhabited the Ifland called Pro- videnice. p. 199. on Some Englith Prifoners ar Carthagena, with one Captain Rowle, who atHa- vana challenged fome Spaniatds into the field, who had abufed him. p. 199, 2004 From the whole Spanith Fleet,one callgntly taken awiysworth fourefiore thon, _ fand Duckats by two Holland o Engle n hips nokwellkisdione, upon the Coaft of Havana. p. 201. | The manner of the Dominicans habit, with the meaning of it. p. 203+ CHAP, Xx, Shewing how,and for whut caufes, after I had arrivedin England, 1 100k yet another journey to Rome, and other parts of Italy, and returned again to fertlé. my felfe in this my Countrey.: ps 205 : taste ae ‘~ Contents. ae pp ‘hee Price « Mowke wary familiar with Wiliam Laud late Archbifhop of Cantet- buty..p. 205. ra Ge pa oe 3 Te bbe Lother in great favour at Court, and afpiring to a Bifhoprickes orto be Parifh Pret of Covengarden, ibid. © e ict a The Authour apprehended by 4 Purfewant,and protected by Sir Francis VVin- debank.p.207. en ? Tiekhie wee The Authoar from the low Countries got letters of ‘recommendation.to forme chiefe Cardinals in Rome. p. 207. ME ibs. gu Fhe Author robbed by French Pyr.tes going from Ligorne to Rome. ibid. The Cardinal Don Francifco Barbarini intituled the Protectour of England and much acquainted with the affaixes.of England and efpceially mith the actions and proceedings of Villian Laud Archbifbop of Goneerbury « Be AOS wists om VVilliam Laud has further €omplyance with the Cardinals of Rome,as tefrix | feaby Fitzherbért she Zefuite in aconference with the Authawr. ibid. . ee A defigne of making an Bnglifh¢ ardinall at Rome, and who chiefly eyed for that purpofe. p. 200 e pee A true Copy of the manner of fending the Author to live at Orleans 7 gotta op of France. pp 2095 210% | _- al ae) Thé | we P : a = fc fies he Contents, ' ‘The miracle printed bythe Papifts of the blu ing and [weating of the Ladies picture of te t0, tried by the grb snd foul te Hh a aor Te D. 210. a | ‘Atthe calling of the Parliament now fitting, the Romithcrew in Italy much 7 —— perplexed.p» 210, 211. | | | The ‘Authour taken again by a French Fleet of fhips, ashe was coming home afrem Ligorne.p.211. | ) ** The Author twice affaulted in London by Papifts, and like to be killed for his profefsion of the truth, and fervice'to the State. Pez? t. 3 tz. : EEN US. Day ‘ Li f ae @) se ‘ é : f We rt Pt 3 z . r ERRAT @. Ag.6, 1.54, read that Kingdom, p.8,1. 34, 1r-their own, p. 1051.46, r.party, p.11,1§6, 1. Segoviay p. 9, Lae, T.S#. Joby de Vihua, ibid. 1.49.1. the fpurnings, p.16,1.3 3,34, 1. the fra founder, p.17,1.23. 1. were, p 24, 4.3, t “Portobeko, ibid. 1.5,6,1. Grijaluas p.2 551.42, rout ofthe Arbour; p.2731.23;.r. keepers, p.28)1-46, tr Sapertes.and Chicefapottes, p.3§, 1.12, t- well baked, ‘p.36, 1.6, r. facrificed, p.43, 1.§; 1. ina Spamith, ibid:l ¢5, r,itmaketh, p.¢ I, 1.39, 1. thofe facrifices, p.53, 1-43, 1. confecrated, p.62,1,30; 1, tobe the Viceroyes, p.65, E31,1-Viysel Rey, p.69, 151, 1. Antiquera, p-715 1.45 rit glorieth, ibid: 1.47,1.made_ p.72, 1.1, r.glorious, p-74> !-23.24.r. Simancas, P76, 1a 2yr-have init, p.79,l. 21, r, Sevilla; p.§3 41.2; r-to follow him, p, 85,1. 59, r. which, p- 88, 1. 2,r. methere, p.g§,114,r. meityy p.9651.28,1. Cloifter, p.100, 1.21, r bodies, ibid. 1.22, r. planet, p.-102,1.§1,52,r.women, p.109,1.19,r- another, p. 114, 1.33, r.thofethat, p. 115, 1. 41,47, any thing with them, p-116,1. 14,1. ten leagues, p-I17,1.10, adeadly, p.119,1. 3,1. Originall fin. ibid: 1.42, ©. "2627, ibid: J.ultsr.Preachers,~p,122.1.22 r, not holy,_p.12, 1.2',r- Grieving, p-12§-}5*3' cheap, ibidil.sg, x. flacely, p.126,1.38,r. he lift, p.1285 126; 1 showlan) Crowne, ibidede 5 5¢T2 15 DO landing, p-129;1.20,r. to enrich Guatemala. p-1305 146, x. Meafabafflan, ibid: 1.54, r. his power, p- L415 1.26,1.which after, p. 149, 1.28, r. provide, ° p15 0, 1.31, 1. buys. p.1§ 3,1.93 Fe taught more for, ibid:]. 33,1. liversinthe town, p.156,1. 26, r. halving, p.159,1.7, 1. Prefident, p.169; 1.38, ©. killed him, P-870, 1.44, r. taken up, p. 177, 1.94, r,°a run- ning water, p.178, 1.45, 1. Priefts, p.179,1.12,1-featmea Patent; ibid:}.16. t, to further, p,180,!.2.ragaintt it; Whichs. p.182;1-1451- wouldnor, p.183,!. ule: 1. Trapiches, p. 1845 1.50, r. there, p. 187, 1.5, r. dificult journey, Pp, 193, l17, towards death, p.198, 1.13,1r- would, p.203, 1.305 t.“Popham; p.20951.48.49, put(se) before fupranominatum, sand leave it out in the next line, p.213,1.40,r. Ru, ibid: 1.43, r.quipat, p, 2L4,1.2, re uisat teeque, p:215,1:26, 6: cbigquilecoh eacque, ibid: 1:46, r: the fecond perfon, ibid: 1: 49% rz lovethee, p:2 16: ii 18, f: Ingusvirehtacques ibid: i: 21) 22, ri verbs paflives, ibid: 128, r:ineb, andrichange eh, ibidel: 51: ry ixtirechita, “ ad t eee FIle ae G13 — 324118 2 a a ee Author Gage, Thomas Boston College Library Chestnut Hill 67, Mass. Books may be kept for two weeks unless a shorter period is specified.