# 9 4 | 4 4 bs F| —= eeceemee: HEE bettie © = Sys Siar SS NE CODE NSD a ES! IStS, SIVE . violence and rapine infulting over all;, andvleaving no. fecurity fave to an abjett mind, and unlook’d on poverty. Which calamities of theirs, fo great and de- ferved, are to the re$ of the world as threatning inftrudtions. For ajjiflance wherein, [ have not onlyrelated what I Jaw of their pre- fent condition, but fo far as conveniency might permit, prefented a brief view of their former eftates, and first antiquities of thofe peo. ple and countries: thence to draw aright image of the frailty of man, the mutability of whatfoever is worldly: and affurance that as there is nothing unchangeable faving God, fo nothing ftable but by bis Grace.and Protection. Accept, Great P rince, thefe weak endeavours of a ftrong defire : which hall be alwaies devo- ted to do your Highnefs all acceptable fervice, and ever repoyce aa your profperity and bappinefs. 3 : GEORGE SANDYs, rH - C ——————-—-- ial MELE OE, RENE | Se yo ae os Ky RL a A EO A a iy A a” E y COT KG AW NON Seo Mold au la VG eorsiani def id cae , noyfome fireams Tranflatum eft alio Imperium titulique vetuti : Now eAaria vents, being foulin her own ftreams:; Ecce noves ditat prifca ruina lares. Empire, ana title, both from thee are born: Dira tamen fruftra facias fortuna fuperbos. eAnd thyold ruines newer Lar’s adorn. Difcite quam valeant {ceptra manere diu, Nunc agitus melits mea res + fecura timoris; Cum vigeo, fortis lege foluta mez. ~ . Fortune thou falfly lifteft up on hie : Of Scepters fee the perpetwty ! In better flate now fland 1, difpoffeft I.C, Scaliger. - Of fears : from my hard deftinies réleafh. * Of this the there born Emperour Adrian received his name. The Gulph divideth Italy from Illyria, joyning Eaft-ward with the MMediterranewm, about the Cape. of Otranto: being feven hundred miles in length, and feven-{core in ldtitude- It afore deth few harbors unto Italy, ( Ancona, Brundufinm, and Otranto, the principal, and . almoft only ) but many tothe oppofite fhore, with’ multitudes of Iflands. A Sea rempeftuous and unfaithful: at aninftant incenfed with fudden gufts, but chiefly with the Southern winds. | Quo non arbiter Adri s SE ay = Sees me x Major, tollere fey ponere vult fréta On Adria noue More great than 4 hofe . er “Sorel, 1, Od. ja. Would they enrage, or feas compofe. But mofé dreadfull are the Northern, beating upon the hatbourlefs fhore. The Venetians are Lords of this Sea: but not without contention with the Papacy. On Afcenfion-day the Duke,accompanied with the Clariffimo’s of that Signoiry, is rowed thither in the Bucewroro ; a triumphal galley, richly and exquifitely guilded : above there isaroom ( beneath which they row ) comprehending the whole length and ~ breadth of the galley: nearthe poupa throne; the reft accommodated with feats : Where he folemnly efpoufeth the Sea ; confirmed by a ring thrown therein: the nup- tial pledge, and fymbole of fubjeétion. This ceremony received a beginning from that fame Sea-battel fought and wonne by the Venetians, under the conduét of Sebafti~ ano Lani, againtt the forces of Frederick Barbaroffa, in the quarrel of Pope Alexander the third : who flying the Emperours fury, in the habit of a Cook, repaired to Venice, and there lived long difguifed inthe Monaftery of Charity. Zans returning in tri- umph with the Emperours fon, was met by the Pope and faluted in this manner ; Here take oh Zam this ring of gold, and by giving to the Sea, oblige it unto thee. A ceremony that fhall on this day be yearly obferved, both by thee and thy fuccef. fors ; that pofterity may know how you have purchas’d the dominion thereof by your valours, and made it fubjeét unto you, as a wife to her husband. But the Pirates hereabout do now more than fhare with them in that ‘Soveraignty, who gather fuch courage from the timeroufnefs of divers, that a little Frigot will often not fear to venture on an e4rgofie: nay, fome of them will not abidethe encounter ; but run afhore before the purfuer : (as if a Whale fhould flie from a Dolphin) glad that with wrack of thip, and lofs of goods they may prolong a defpifed life, or retain un-de- ferved liberty. ~ Welailed all along in the fight of Dalmatia,which lyeth between J/fria and Epirus, called antiently Iyrta,of Iyrius the fon of Cadmus, afterwards Dalmatia,of the City Dalmininm, and.at this day Sclavonia,of the Slavia people of Sarmatia:who leaving their own homes in the reign of Fustinian,were planted by him in Thracia, and after- ward in the days of Mauritius and Phocas, became pofleflors of his countrey. Patient they are of labour, andable of body. The meaner fort will tug luftily sat an oare; and are by their Soveraigns of Venice ( fuch as remain under that State ) employed tothat purpofe. The women marryed not till the age of 24. nor the men untill 30. perhaps the caufe of their ftrength, and fo big proportions: or for that bred in a mountainous countrey, whoare generally obferved to over-fize thofe that dwell on low levels. Three thoufand horfmen of this countrey,and the Iflands here-about are inrolled in the Venetian Adihtia. They diffent not from the Greek Church in cheir reli- gion, LIB. L Ubria. Corcyra. Leucadia, lag gion. Throughout the North part of the world their language is underftood and {pd- ken: even from thence almoft to the confines of Tartaria. The men wear half-fleeved Gowns of violet cloth, with Bonnets of the fame. They nourifh only a lock of hair on the crown of their heads, che reft all fhaven. The women wear theirs not long, and dye them black for the moft part. Their chief City is Ragufa, ( tieretofore Epidaurus a Commion-wealth of it felf: famous for merchandize,and plenty of fhip- ping. Many fmall Iflands belong thereunto, but little of the Continent. They pay tribute to the Turk 14.000 Zecchins yearly, and {pend as much more upon them in gifts and entertainment: fending the Grand Signior every year a Ship loaden with pitch for the ufe of his gallies, whereby they purchafe their peace, anda difcharge of duties throughout the Octoman Empire. ; | | Corfu, the firtt Hland of note that we paft by, lyeth in the Fonian feasftretching Eaft and Wett in form ofabowe: 54 miles long, 24. broad, and diftant about 12 from the main of Epirus, Called formeriy € ocyra, of Corcyra the daughter of LE fopus there buryed : but‘more antiently Pheacia, Celebrated by Hlomer for the fhipwrack of | Ulyfesyand orchards of eAleinous. | : Thefe at no time do thei rare fruits foregoe s Exiis, fiucusnunquam perit, neque deficit; Stil breathing Zephyrus makes fome to grow ay fo . eee om "ei ere fane fempéd : & Ne ee : ephyrus fpirans hxc crefcere facit aliaque maturefcexe. 4 Others to ripen. Growing jru ts [apply Lirum poft piram fenefcit, pomum poft penn, The gathered ‘ and fucceed fo oraerly. Porro poft uvam uva, ficus poft ficum. sth | £ ie Hom. Od. |. 1. The South part-thefeof is mountainous, and defe&tive in waters > where they fovy little corn, in chat fubje& to be blafted by the Southern winds, at fuch times as it flowreth ; the North part levell ; the whole adorned with groves of Oranges, Le- mons , Pomegranates , Fig-trees, Olives, and the like; enriched with excellent Wines, ad abundance of honey. Upon the North-fide ftands.a City that takes the name of the Ifland, with a Caftle ftrongly feated ona high rock, which joyneth by an Ifthmos to the land, and impregnably fortified. The Turks have teftified as much in their many repulfes.. Iris the chair of an Archbifhop : inhabited for the moft by Cretians, as is the whole Ifland, and fubje&t to the Venetians, * : St. Maura \yeth next unto this: once adjoyning to the Continent, and feparated by the labour of the inhabitants ; yet no further removed then by a bridge to be paft into. Called it was formerly Leucadia,of a white rock which lyeth before it, towards Cephalenia, on which ftood the temple of e4pollo : from whence by leaping into the fea, ic is faid, that fuch as unfortunately loved, were cured of that fury. To this the Poetrefle Sappho was thus advifed, Hie to Ambracia,fince unequal fires ———Quoniam non ignibus equis Confume thee: From a rock there that afpires: | aleeas ns a elt terra petenda rie 2 Phabus doth all the ample deep furvay: 0 ae ee dota ‘eee jee uel afpicit quot; Men call’t Atkaum and Leucaasa. - ~~ Hine fe Deucalion Pyrrhz fuccenfus amore Deucalion mad for Pyrrha, grief to eafe, Mifit.& illefo corpore preflit aquas. . ‘ lac verfi fugit lentiffis fi Leapt down from thence. and [afely prest the feas. . Nec mora, verfus amor fugit lentiffima merfi 'p if ’ fe fe U4 fe Pe&ora : Ducalion igne levatus erat. Y eae Pa Forth-with chung’d Love fled from the carele{s breaft 57° ap Ges Gi ba a Of drench't Deucalion, and his fury ceaft. Piueddee se eh anew: That place retains this vertue: thither hast : oe fe tim And fear not from on high thy felf to caft. Ovid. Ep. ari And fo the did, if we may credit AZenander, V¥ bo with ambitions glory flung Superbam nimium vertata gloriamis end {corn'd Loves fury, head- long flung Furiofo defiderio precipitem roe Her fel n hich chff. after (hee ; Ab aerio fefe fcopulo, cum Rex tibi ety rom bi gh ae fre fie p ! (Phoebe) vota fecifler. Phebus, bad made her wows to thee. Others more curious in the fearch of Antiquities, do attribute the firft doing theré- of unto Cephalus for the love of Prereola. It is faid that Artemifia after the death of Manfolus, conremned by Dardanus a youth : Abydos,in revenge thereof pulled mea ae 2 ig ae Ithaca. Cephalenia. Zacynthus, Bele his eyes: notwithftanding {till defperately loving,repaired to thisrock for a remedy : who perifhed inthe fall, and had here her fepulture. It was a cuftome amongft the Leucadians in their yeatly folemnities, as a propitiatory facrifice to Apollo, to throw fome one from the top, condemned before for his offences, ftuck with all. forts of feathers, and birds tyed about him; that his fall by their flutterings might become the lefs violent : received below by a number tn Boats, ahd fo thraft out of their con- fines. In this Ifland they have a City inhabited for the moft part by Jews: received by Bajazet the fecond, at {uch time as they were expulfed Spain by King Ferdinand, Val de Compare, a \ittle beyond prefenteth her rocky mountains, containing in cir- cuit about fifty miles: now inhabited by Exiles and’ Pirats, once called /thaca, fo celebrated for the birth of Uipffes : who was not only Lord of that barren Ifland, bur ‘At Ulyfles ducebat Cephalenenfes magnanimoss The valiant Cephalenians, and they Qui Ithacam tenebant & Neritum frondofam : Whe Egilipa, Same, Ithaca, Et Crocyliahabitabant & A gilipam afperam, Woody Neritus, watry Croacyl D Quique Zacynthum habitabant & qui Samuna incolebant. , a1 Sra Epirum babitabant & oppofitam Continentem aac debbie rey affefs + who til D Tacolebat, Th’ oppofed Continent, Ulyffes led Eis quidem Ulyffes imperabat Jovi confilio par. Jn counfel like to Fove, ——— — Homs Il. 2. ; between this and the mouth of the gulph of Lepanto ( ofice named the gulph of Co: vinth ) lie certain little Iflands, or rather great rocks, now called Curzolart,. herera- fore Echinades : made famous by that memorable Sea-battel there obtained againgt the Turk by Don Fobn of Aujtria, in the year 1571, and fung by a crowned Mute. We failed clofe by Cephalensa, retaining that antient name of Cephalus the fon of Deioneus , who banifhed Athens for the unfortunate flaughter of Procris, repaired to Thebes, and accompanying Amphitryo in his warrs, made his abode in this Hland. which was called formerly Teleboas, and Melena. Itis triangular in form, and 168 miles in circumference ; the mountains intermixed with profitable vallies, and the woods with champain. Un-watered with rivers, and poor in fountains, but abound- ing with Wheat, Honey, Currans, Manna, Cheefe, Wool, Turkies, excellent Oy], incomparable ( though not long lafting ) Mufcadines, and Powder for the dying of Scarlet- This grows like a blifter on the leaf of the holy Oak a little fhrub, yet producing Acorns, being gathered, they rub out of it a certain red duft, thar cons verteth after a while into worms ; 'whichthey kill with Wine, when they begin to quicken, Amongf{t her many harbors, 4rgoffols is the principal 5 capacious enough fora Navie. The inhabitants of this Ifland are Grecians, and Venetians their Sove- taigns. Having paft through the Straights that divide this I{land from the next, € vulgarly.called Canale del Zant ) onthe {econd of September we entred the haven of Zacinthus, and faluted the Gaftle with our Ordnance. This Iland (9¢0 miles diftant from Vemice) fo called of Zacinthus the Son of Dar- danus, and atthis day Zant, containeth in circuit not paft 6o miles. On the South and South-eaft fides rocky and mountainous, but plain in the midft, and unfpeakably fruitfull, producing the beft oy! of of the world, and excellent {trong wines; both ‘White and Red, which they call Ribola. But the chief riches thereof conlifteth in Currans, which draweth hither much traffick (efpecially from England, and Holland for here they know not what to do with them ; ) infomuch that whereas before they were fcarce able to free themfelves from importunate famine, they now (befides their private gettings, amounting to 10000 Zecchins ) do yearly pay unto St. eAark \48000 Dollars for cuftomes and otlier duties. It is impoffible that fo little a portion ‘of earth, fo imployed, fhould be more beneficial: that mountainous part being barren : and the reft comprized within two or three not very ample 'vallies, but thofe all over-husbanded like anentire garden. They fow little corn, as employing. their . grounds to better advantage, for which they fometimes fuffer, being ready co {tarve, when the weather continueth for any feafon tempeftuous, and that they cannot fetch their provilion, which they have as well of flefh as of corn, from Morea, being ten leagues diftant. They have falt-pits of their own, and ftore of frefh water, but little _ or no wood, though celebrated for the abundance thereof, by Homer, and Vorgil. OF which, his Alves ; together with the Iflands before mentioned « : Woody \ LB: An Zacynthus. | : - Woody Zacinthus, fea-girt, we defcrie, Jam medio apparet flu€u nemorofa Zacynthos: Dyulichinm, Same, iNeritus cliffe bie. Dulichiumque, Sameque, & Neritos ardua faxis. From Ithacan rocks, Laertes land, we fled, ee By pulos Ithace Laertia regna. at : tterram altricem fxvi execramur Ulyffis, And curft the foile that dire Viyffes bred. Mox & Leucatz nimbofa cacumina montis, | enon the cloud topt Leucata appear ‘de Et formidatus nautis aperitur Apollo. And high Apollo by the failor fear'd. Virg. Zn, 1, 3< | About the Ifland there are many roads, but ofie only harbour (if I may fo name ir being undefended from the North-eaft, and North-weft winds ) lying onthe North. | eaft lide thereof, and opening towards eMorea : fafe, and of a convenient receipt for i fhips, refpe€t we either the number or burthen: and much frequented from all parts ; who here commonly touch in their going forth, and in theit returns. So that you thall not long {tay for a paflage,be you either bound for Vezice,Conftantinople,Tripoly, eAlexandria, the Mflands of the Mid-land fea, of divers places of the Ocean. It is here a coftome ftriély obferved Cas alfo elfewhere within the Straits belonging to the Chriftians) not to fuffer any to traffick, or come a-fhore, before they have a Prattick, from the Signiors of Health : which will not be granted until forty days after their arrival, elpecially if the fhip come from Turkée, and bring not a certificate, thar the place from whence they came is free from the infection: if fo, perchance their re- {traint may be fhortened: during which ‘time they have a guardian fet Over them. They will not fuffer a Letter to be delivered, if fealed with thread, before ir be ope+ ned.and avred. If fuch as come to {peak with them do but touch one of the fhips, or f{ometimes but a fope, they fhall be forced ro afcend, and remain there for the time limited, it being death to him that fhall come a-fhore without licence. Notwithftand. ing, they atrequeft will carry youto the. Lazarerto ( which is in the nature of a Peft-houfe } there to abide until the date be expired. But if any fall fick amongft them inthe mean-feafon, their Prattick is accordingly prolonged. A’ great incon- venience to the Merchants, but at Venice intollerable : where when they have a Prat- sick, they ate inforced co un-lade at the Laxaretto. So under pretence of airing their goods are opened # their quantity, quality and condition known , redonnding much to their detriments. Buc tor that we came from Veice, we were freed from this mif- chief, and prefently fuffered to land. The town taking or giving a name to the Ifland, ftretcheth along between the ‘weft fide of the haven, and the foot of the Mountain; perhaps a mile in length, in breadth but narrow. The ftreets unpaved, the building low, by reafon of the often earthquakes whereunto this Ifland is miferably fubject. y Be Preterea ventus cum per lo¢a fubeava terre When through Earths hollowes, the collected wind » ay .aus parté exumta procumbit, 82 uret Throngs from fome part, wor ready vent can find — Obnixus magnis fpeluncas viribus altas , The vaft caves it affails with horrid might : Incumbit tellus, quo venti prona premit vis, Earth- quakes percuffed men with the affright. Tum fupra tesram que funt extructa domorum; Then eminent ruines thofe proud ftructures threat Ad cochumque magis quanto funt edita queeque, 3 Inclinata minax in eandem prodita patrem, That moff afpire , more fafe tobe lefs great. Protradteque trabes impendent ire parate. Lucret; 1. 6. Twe tapned during my fhort abode there; though of fmall importance. Although the feat of the Town be exceflive hor, yet it is happily qualified by a North-eaft gale that bloweth from fea moft conftantly about the mridft of the day. Divers of their houfes are fhadowed with vines that bear acertain great grape, which in regard of their fhape were called Bumaftos. by the Grecians,. the clufters being of a marvellous . preatnefs. High above the town, on the top of a fteep round Mountain ftands the Caftle, which over-loofeth the fea, and commandeth the harbour: a little Cicy of it felf, afcended unto by a difficult paffage, ftrong, and well ftored with muniti- on. Hereagarrifonis kept ; fupplyed by the Townel-men uponeach fudden fum- mons. Upon the walla Watchman ftandeth ‘continually, to difcovermhe fhipping..., . thar approacheth : who hangs out as many flags as he deferyeth veflels ; {quare if.» fips, if gallies pendants. Here the Governour of the Ifland hath his relidence, whom they call the Providore,with two Configliers, all Gentlemen of Veniee( the con- fent of two prevailing againft the third }) together with the Chancellour, ( who are every third year removed ) with other inferiour officers, where all Caufes are ad judged, both Criminal and Judicial, ‘Over the Court of Juftice there 1s written this diftichon ; i a ies : B 3 This 6 om tt Bacintbhysee LIB, f Hic locus odit, athat, punit, confer vat, honorat, This place doth hate, love, puni{h, keep, requite, - Nequittam, pacem, crimina, jura, probos. Voluptuous Riot peace, crimes, Laws, th’upright. The Great Turk hath yearly a prefent of Falcons from the Governour (accompany- ed, asfome fay, with 1200 Zecchins, ) which he calleth a tribute: it being in’ his power to diftrefs them at his pleafure, by reftraining the relief of vi€tuals which they have from A/orea, and his adjoyning Dominions. Whilft we were here,the Cap- fain Baffa patt by with 60 gallies : who yearly about this time {aileth in circuit,to a ceive tribute, fnpprefs pirates, and to do fome exploit upon the Maltefes, Spaniards, and Florentines, with whom they are only in hoftiliry. Divers of their gallies put- ting ino the haven were courteoufly entertained: for the Venetians endeavour,as much asin them lies, to keep good quarters with the Turk; not only for the reafon afore- faid, ( which perhaps might entend as far as their City: their territories though large and fruitfull, too narrow to fuftain fo populous a State, if unrelieved from Turkie, and that their paflage into the Mid-land {ea were interrupted ) nor for the lofs they fhould fuftain by the ceflation of traffick with the e7ahometans : but knowing him by dear experience too powerfull an adverfary for them by land, and though they are perhaps ftrong enough by fea, yet, fhould they lofe a navy, their lofs were unrecoverable, whereas the Turk within the fpace of a year is able to fet forth another: The Inhabitants of this land are in general, Gracians ( of whom we will {peak no more than concerns the patticular cuftomes of the place, referving the reft to our relation of that people: ) in habit they imitate the Jtalians but tranicend them in their revenges, and infinitely lefs civil. They. will threaten to killa merchant that will not buy their commodities : and make more con{cience to break a Faft, than com- mitamurther, One of them at our being here, purfued a poor failer ( an Englith- man ) for cffering but to carry a little bag of Corants aboard un-cuftomed, and kil- "Jed bim running up a pair ot ftairs for fuccour. He is weary of his life that hatha difference with any of ther, and will walk abroad after day-light. But cowardize is joyned with their cruelty, who dare do nothing, but fodainly upon advantages , and are ever privately armed.. Encouraged to villanies by the remifnefs of their laws for none will Jay hands upon an offender, until fourteen days after that he be called to the Scale, ( an eminent place where one doth ftand and publiquely cite the offen- der: ) who inthe mean time hath leifure ro make hisown. peace, or elfe to abfenr himfelf. If then he appear nor, they banifh him 3 and propound a reward according to the greatneis of the cflence, to him thar fhall either kill or take him alive: and if it be dene by one that is banifhed, his‘own banifhment (the leaft reward) is relea- fed. The labourers do go into the fields with fwords.and partizans, as if in an enemies countrey 3 bringing home their wines and oyles in hogs-skins, the in-Gdes turn’d outward. It is a cuftome amongft them to invite certain. men unto their marriages whom they call Com-peers. Every one of thefedo beftow a ring, which the Prieft doth pwr upon. the Bride and Bridegrooms fingers, interchangeably fhif- ting them-; andfo he doth the garlands of their heads. Of thefe they are never jea- lous, (an abufe in that kind reputed as detedtable a crime, as if committed by a natu- ral Brother, ) fo that they lightly choofe thofe for their Com-peers that hive beer formerly {ufpe€ted too familiar. The Bridegroom entring the Church, fticks his dagger in the door ; held available againft inchantment. For here it is a common practice to bewitch them : made thereby impotent with their wives, until the charm be burnr, or otherwife confumed : infomuch thar oftentimes (as they fay) the mothers of the betrothed, by way of prevention do bewitch themfelves, and again unloofe them as foon as the marriage 1s confummated. A pra€tice whereof formes times have been guilty : fome manner perhaps delivered by /irgil in thefe verfes. SR EER ARR AT EIS EI OO RO ET ESE TE oe ee ee ee ERTL: Sethe ih iP SSR AAR TRG ate PAC SF PRES it ee Weéte tribus nodis ternos Amarylli colores ee Three knots knit on three threds of different die : i, Neéte Amarylli a i Veneris, dic,vincula,neéto, Hafle Amaryll 5 aud fay, Loves bonds 1 t Yee And in another following, the Inchantrefs having made two. images of her belos, ved, the one of clay, the other of wax, and throwing them into the fire, faith s, As LIB; f, | -. Lacintbus. | 7 7 As his clay, and this wast, the fire the fame Limuis ut hic durefcie, & heé ut cera liquefcit, Uno ponemaue igni 3 fic noftro Daphnis amore; . Idem. eT eae Hardens, and melts, fo be, 12 our loves flame. The Nuptiall theets (as in fome cafes commanded by the Mofaical Law) ate pub- likely fhown, and preferved by their prefents as avteftimony of their uncorrupted § /22777 2 Virginities. sf There.be here two Bifhops: one of the Greeks, and another of the Latines. The _ Greeks have divers Churches, the principall that.of St. AGécholas,( which giveth to the haven a name, and not far removed) witha Monaftery ot Colieros ; for fo are their Monks called. On the other-fide of the harbour, upon the top of the Promontory they have another far lefs; witha @happel dedicated to the Virgin. AZary, called Madonna del Scopo:. reputed an -effe&tre{s of miracles, and much invocated by fea-fa- ringmen. As the Duke of Venice doth marry the Sea; fo yearly doth this Bifhop upon the Twelf-day baptize ir: although with lefs {tate, yet with no lefs ceremony. The Venetians here (asin Candy) doe joyntly celebrate the Grecian feftivalls : either to gratihe, or elfe to avoid occalions of tumult. As for the Roman Catholike Bithop, he hath his Cathedral Church, and refidence within the Gaftle : where there is a Convent of Franci/cans... A mile and ‘half off, in fight of the town, onthe fide of a mountain, they have another Monaftery, called the e4munczata, where the Latines have their burials: builtin the year 1550. when under the ground there were found two urns one full of afhes, .and the other of water, in an ancient Sepulchre. Upon a {quare ftone that covered.the tomb, was ingraven eM. TUL. CICERO, LAVE ET 10 FEPTIA ANTONIA, and under the urn which containerh the athes, AVE McAR. TOL. It being fuppofed thar Cicero was there buried: peremptorily affirmed by a traveller then prefent :. reporting withall that he faw this Epitaph : : Of Orators the Prince, of [peech the pride, {lle Oratorum Princeps, & gloria lingue’ : Tully, wath his wife in this, urn abide Romane Jacet hac cum conjuge Tullius urna; Tully. th Laie a nts Tulliasille, inquam, de fe qui {cripferat olim, tr Vg hk AE of mnfel} thus writ 5 O Kome O fortunatam natam ‘me Confule Romam. | Bleft, in shat I thy Conful am become. Adamus Tofel lenius in fuo Trin. The Fews have here a Synagogue, (of whomthere are not many) one having matryed an Englih-worian, and converted her tohis Religion. They wear. a blue ribband about their hats fora diftin@ion. The forain Merchants here refident are for the mo{t part Englith, who by their frequent deaths do difprove the air to be fo falu- brious:as is reported ; who have their purchafed interments in gardens: neither fuf- fered. by.Grecks nov. Latines to be buried in Churches... If aftranger here take 2 fraught of a Venetian, anda Venetian {hip be in Port, the Matter thereof, upon.a pro- re{tacion, will inforcé the ftranger,to unlode,.. and ferve his own turn therewith, if it be for his benefit.” In this Ifland there are forty Villages. On the 14. of September I imbarked in another Englith fhip, called the Great Ex- change ; firlt bound for Chios, and then for Tripolis.. With a profperous wind we compafled a part of AZorea ;: more famous by the name of Peloponefs: fhaped like a Plantane-leaf, and imbraced.al-moft.by:the Coriathiaz.and Saronian arms of the AZe- diterraneum. On the North it adjoyneth tothe reft of Greece by a narrow I{thmos : where ftood that renowned Gity of Corinth, in hearing of both feas and having a port wntoveither. Divers greatPrinces,(as Demetrius, Fulins Cefar,Caligula,and Nero, ) with fuccefslefs labour, have attempted to. make that rocky itraight a navigable paflage ; borh rodtrengthen the fame, and thanthe voyage into the Aigean Sea might thereby become more fhort, and lefs perilous. In fucceeding time, a divifion was made by aftrong wall; thrown down by the Turkith e4murath; repaired in the year 145 3 by the Venetians, in fifteen days {pace, by the hands of thirty thoufand pioneers - and again fubverted by the A¢ahomerans. This-fruitfull countrey was divided into eight Provinces, Carinthia, eAfrgia, Laconia, Meffensa, Elis, Achata, Sicyonsa, and Arcadia, glorious throughout the world,for the Common-wealths of the AZjcenians, Argsves, Lacedemonians, Sicyomans ,Elians, Arcadians, Pylians.and Adeffenians: watered by the nobierwers of Afopus, Penaeus, Alpbews, (which receiveth tribute of an hundred and forty{(prings ) Panifus,Enrotas, and Inachus,fo highly celebrated by the ancient ESE ae ug g Strophades. Cythera. gean. Delos. LIB. f. But now prefenting nothing but ruines, in a great part defolate, it groaneth under the Turkifh thraldome being governed by a Sanzake, who is under the Beglerbeg, or | Grecia; and is to ferve him a thoufand horfe whenfoever he is called upon. The In- | » habitants are for the moft part Grecians. i On the left hand left we two little Iflands. — =~ Strophades Graio ftant nomine diéz In Greek called Strophades 5 within the great Infulz in Jonio magno , quos dira Celeno 3 ; : Harpyzque colunt aliz, Phineia poftquam ‘ Fontan Sta : the dire Celanes feat, Claufa domus,menfafque metu liquere priores. Which th ‘ot her Hlarpyes ; fince that chac’d they-were Triftius haud illis monitrum, nec fevior ulla — » From P bineus houfe, and left his boord for fear. Peftis, & ira Deum Stygiis fefe extulit undis. More horrid monfters, nor worfe plagues then thofe. Virginei volucram vultus,foediflima ventris O r wrath of Gods. f ‘ Ingluvies, unceque manus, & pallida femper fG » from Stygian Proud ere rofe | Like fowls with Virgins faces, purging fill Ora fame.—-— £4 > Purging shel Mite. nls” Their filthy panches : arm’d with tallons ill, | And ever pale with famine. This Phinews was King of Arcadia, who bereft his fons of their eyes by the inftigation of their ftep-mother : for which offence the offended gods (as the ftory goes) depri- ved him of his,and fent thefe ravenous Harpyes to afflict him. But the Ar gonauts,being by him curteoufly entertained, fent Zethws and Calas, the winged iffue of Boreas and Oritbia, to chafe them away. Who purtuing them to thefe Iflands were commanded by Jris, to defilt from doing further violence to the dogs of Fupiter ; of whofe return the Iflands werefo named. And what were thefe Harpyes, but flatteres, delators, and the inexpleably covetous ? who abufe, devoure, and pollute the fame of mi(erable Princes, blinded in the underftanding. Zetes and Calas, are faid to have wings by fome, in regard of the fafhion of their garments; by others, for their long and beautiful hair. ButJ rather think ; for their wholefome advice, and expedite exe- cution in freeing the State of thofe monfters : called the dogs of Fupiter ; that is,infer- nal furies, and minifters of his vengeance.e-4iphon{us King of Zaples, was wont to fay merrily, that the Harpyes had let the Strophades to inhabit Rome : intimating thereby the avarice of the Clergy. ‘Thefe rocks are at this day called the Strivaly : where onely live.a few Greek Colieras, that receive their fuftenance of almes from the neigh- bouring Iflands. There is in one a {pring of frefl water, fuppofedto have his‘ original in Peloponefus, and fo to pafs under the Sea : in regard of a certain tree over-fhadow- ing a little lake : the leaves thereof (or like unto thofe)being often found in this foun- tain; there growing none of that kind in the Ifland. : ! ‘We thruft between Cape &Malio and Cerigo, about five miles diftant : once called Porphyris of his excellent Porphyr; but better known by the name of Cythera. An Ifland confecrated unto Venus. In the town, rifing two furlongs up unto the haven, ftood her celebrated temple (the moft ancient that the Grecsans had of that goddefs) and there- in her ftatue in compleat armour. Out of this it is faid that Paris made arape of He- . Jena, or rather here firft enjoyed her in his return from Sparta... The ruines ate now to be feen ; cogether with that of Uranias. The Ifland is tixty miles in compafle : it hath divers harbours ; bur thofe fmall and wnfafe. And delightful foile : Inhabited by Grecians and fubje& to the Venetsans. This is the firlt of the A2gean Sea:the largeft arm of the eWediterranenm,extending to the Helle/pont, and dividing Greece from the lefler Afia. Socalled of Ageus, the father of Thefeus:who going to combate the eAZsnotanre,was charged to turnthe black failes of his fhip into white, ifhe returned with vi€tory. Which forgetting tordos Aégeus thinking him flain, leapt into the fea, from a promontory where he expected his arrival. But Plimy faith, that it took that mame of an Ifland, or rather a rock, which lies between Chios and Tenedos : called Ax, in that formed like a goat, now about to skip into the furges : Strabo of Aigw a City of Euboa, or of ga a promon- tory of Beoria, now vulgarly called the edrches. A fea dangerous and troublefome to faile through, in regard of the maultitude of rocks and Iflands, every where difperfed. Infomuch, that a man is proverbially faid to fail in the A2gean fea, that is, incumbred with difficulties. The Iflands of this fea were anciently divided into the Sporades,and Cyclades. The Sporades are thofe that lie fcactered before Crete; and along the coaft of eAfia: the Cyclades, {0 called, in that they lie ina circle. Amongit the reft of the Jaft named, we failed by Delos, (now Dries } hem’d: with fharp rocks : even from the reign of Saturne of efpecial veneration. Once a floting fe : . Which i 1 er ih a ai , : a i i 4 See fee +4 § b. fe i ity Pt i) hi Y Aone DE LE PTT Th ———— Sreeo—eeret enero f, LIB, I. Deloss Chidss 6g Which kind Fove ( fhifting to and fro, ) did tie Quam pius Arciteriens, ofas & littora circu ToG ac - paral MM ns : mgitergis My ee! aioe Giarague revinxit 5 : mmotam@ue coll dedity & mnere \ For culture fixt ; and bold winds to defies ie UA Vig Eni kL oe — For the Fable goes, that when all the earth at the intreaty of Funo, had abjured the Receit of Latona, Delos at the fame time under the water was ereéted aloft, and by Fupicer fixed to entertainher ; then named Delos, which fignified, apparent. Nur fe of Latona’s brood : whom Fove while-ere Latona partus nutrix, quam Jupiter oli Bad in Egean furges to appear. In maris Agei fiftere juflit aquis. I hold thee happy in-Apollo’s birth: - Te voco felicem quod Phabum ceperis;& quod DNA PENE BAPE YUE Wek if y Solam te patriam clara Diana vocat. et ena that Dianacalls thee her own earth. : Alphiens: : But the truth is: it was faidto be-unftable, in that miferably fhaken with earth: quakes, untill freed thereof by a Petition made to Apollo : who enjoyning certain fa- crifices, commanded; that thenceforth they fhould neither bury their dead there nor fuffer a Dog to enter the Ifland: (fothat the Delians had their interments in Rheva, a lictle defart Ifland four furlongs diftant ) and called“Delos s for that where in other places his Oracles were obfcure and ambiguous, they here were manifeft and certain, Ona plain within the environing rocks, ftood the City, fo honoured for the Tem- ples of Apolloand Latona, under the mountain Cynthus: of which e4pollo was called Cynthins, and Diana Cynthia, as Delius and Delsa of the Ifland, made. more famous by the neigbouring Cyclades, that like aring didenvironit: and yearly fent mul- titudes of men, and troops of virgins to celebrate his folemnities with heards of fa- crifices; as thus in reputatien, fo increaft in wealth through the fubverfion of Corinth by the Romans. The Merchantsremoving hicher, inviced by the immunities ' of the Temple, and conveniency of the place, ic lying inthe paflage between Greece and Afia, and frequented by fo great a concourfe of people. Upon the re-edifying of Coriath, it was held by the eAthenians, and flourifhed both in her rites and traffick, untill laid wafte by Adithridates. From that time con tinuing poor, and when Oracles. ceafed, utterly forfaken. Which doubtlefs was upon the paflion of our Saviour. For Plutarch reports from the mouth of one Epi- therfes, who had been his School-mafter, that heimbarking for Jraly, and one even- ing becalmed before the Paxe ( two little Iflands that lye between Corcyra and Leu- cadia) they fuddenly heard a voice from the fhore ( moft of the paflengcrs being yer awake ) calling to one Thamusa Pilot, by birth an, gyptian, who till the third call would not anfwer. Thea (quoth the voyce ) when thou art come to the Palodes pro- claim it aloud, that the great Pan is dead. Allin the fhip that heard this, were amazed. Whefdrawing near co the aforefaid place, Thamus {tanding on the poupe of the. fhip, did utter what formerly commanded ; forthwith there was heard a great lamen- tation, accompanyed with groans and skreeches. This coming to the knowledge of Tiberius Cafar, he {ent for Thamus, who avouched the truth thereof. - Which de- clared the death of Chrift (the great Shepheard,) and fubje€tion of Satan, who now had no longer power to abufe the illuminated world wich his impoftures.. The ruines of Apollo’s Temple are here yet to be feen, affording fair pillars of marble to fuch: as will fecch them, and other {tones of price,both in their nature and for their workman- ship ; the whole Ifland being now un-inhabjred. 7 t Three dayes after our imbarkment (as quick a paflageas ever was heard of ) we arrived at Sze, a famous Ifland formerly called Chios, which fignifieth white, of Chione a Nymph, a ey ~——-——que ditatiflima forma Who rich in beauty an ; Mille procis placuit—__— A thoufand {uiters pleasd— Ovid. Metam. |. 3. and therefore fo named. Others fay of the fnow, that fometimes covers thofe moun- tains. Sixfcore and five miles it containeth in circuit, extending from South unto North ; the North and Weft quarters extraordinary hilly. In the midft of the Ifland isthe mountain Ayom (now Amifia ) producing the beft Greek Wines, fo prited by the antient, But ae es See Tena IS PEL SSF RIAA. saa ae nie ll caiandoigierr= aS, Se eo 2 fe) Pep" tae pa oe a v man _ = os Jos m “<4 Lay 2 Py test A OV Ww pais = ton) €d i=) a [axis pub] ga ss = = =) 7 £3 w = hon nat Lao 3 = or © = hs 3 ing the Pirats of Jraly and Spaiz, who fold to him their flaves, and g: w) their booty#*as for the execrable murther of his brother, paffing into MAfia with no for the moft part by Grecians. All that is left of the City of A4itylen which deferveth obfervation, is the Caftle, exceeding ftrong, and manned by an able garrifon, and the Arfenall for gallies : whereof divers are here kept continually to fcour thefe feas. ins fefted greatly by Pirats. . DG On the one and twentieth of September the winds grew contrary: and {eas (though not rough ) too rough to be brooked by fo fmall a veffel, no bigger, and like in pro- portion toa Gravel-end tilt-boat ; yet rowing under the fhelter of the land,we entred the Gulph of Calonus:they hoping to.have found fome purchafe about a fhip caft there away but a little before, divers of them leapt .into the feajand diving unto the bottom ftayed there fo long, as if it had been their habitable element. And without queftion they exceed all others in that facultie, trained thereuntofrom their childhood: and he the excellenteft amongft them that can beft perform it: Infomuch, that although worth nothing, he fhall be proffered inmarriage the belt endowed and moft beauti- full virgin of their Ifland. For they generally get their living by thefe fponges, ga~ thered from the fides of rocks about the bottome of the Straights ; fometimes fifteen fathome under water. A happy people that live according tonature , and want not much, in that they covet but little. Their apparel no other than linnen breeches; over that a {mock clofe girt unto them with a towel; putting.on fometimes when they go a-fhore,long fleevelefs coats of home-fpun cotten. Yet.their backs need not envy their bellies : Bisket, Olives, Garlick, and Onions being their principal fuftenance. Some- , times for change they will {cale the rocks for Sampier, and fearch the bottome of the lefs deep feas for a certain little filh(if 1 may fo call it) thaped like a burre and named by the Italsans, Riceio. Vheir ordinary drink being water 5 yet once a day they will warm their bloods with adraught of wine, contented as well with this, as thofe that with the rarities of the earth do pamper their voracities. ~ i t | iI : i SS Sat _ Difcite quam parvoliceat propucere vitam ; Learn with how litt le, 1 ife ma y ei faftain’ d Et quantum natura petat : non erigit egros eAnd how much nature would. Not generous wines Nobilis ienoto diffufus Confule Bacchus, : . Non ae myrthaque bibunt ; {ed gurgite puto Of un-knowi. age availe where health declines. Vita redit fatis eft populis fluvinfque Cerefque. In Gold nor Myr rhe drinkt hey > but the pure floud | Lucan. |. 3. Preferves them, bread and it {uffice for food. When they will they work, and fleep when they are weary : the bank that they row upon, their couches ( as ours was the poup - ) hardened by ufe againft heat and cold, which day and night interchangeably infli€teth. So chearful in poverty, that they will dance whileft their legs wiil bearthem, and fing till they grow hoarfe; fecured from the cares and fears that accompany riches. ; O LIB, L ee Lesbos. | ee O fafe condition of mean eftate! agood or vita es ey . Gis. ds + as vet not undert ' ea auperis, angustique aris.. ) munera nonduns Given by the gods ; as yet not winder flood Intelleéta Deum "==> * Lucanih.s. Upon the two and twentiethof September, the winds continuing contrary, we but a little fhortened our journey. Deferying a fimall {ail that made towards us, and think- ing them to be Pirats, we rowed back by the fhore with all poffible fpeed. In the evening we returned to the place that we fled from. When, going.a-fhore, one.atcired like a woman, lay -groveling on the fand, whileft thé reft skipt about him ina ring, muttering certain words, which they would-make me believe were prevalent charms toalter the weather to their purpofe.. On the three and twentieth we continued wea- ther-bound, removing after it grew dark to another anchorage ; a cuftome they held, left obferved by day from fea or thore, they might by nighc be furprized. We lay in alittle Bay, and under a cliff; where not one of us but had his fleep interrupted by fearful dreams, he that. watched affirming that he had feen the devil: fo that in a great difmay we put from fhore about mid-night. But whether it proceeded from the nature of the vaporous place, or that infe{ted by fome fpirit, | leave to decide: It is reported of a little-rockie Ifland hard by, named formerly Ax, and facred unto Neptune ( whereof we have fpoken fomething already ) that none could fleep upon it for being difturbed with apparitions. ; Be ~ On the four and twentieth the fea grew calm, and we proceeded on our voyage. _ Towards evening we went afhore on the firm ot A/a for frefh water, and came that night unto Tenedos. Ix fight of Troy, an Ifle of wealth and fame Eft in confpeCtu Tenedos notiffima fama 7| DD Maat reve bode * Ini a, dives optim, Priam: dum regna manebant ? Whileft Priamin this ftate abode : N n regna man 7 é une tantum hnus, & ftatio maletda carinis. Now but abay ; for [hips afaithlefs road. _ Virg. fEn, |, 2. And fo it is at this day : to which adjoyneth the town fo named, with a Caftle of no ag great importance. This Ifland containech in,circuit not above ten miles, removed but five from the Sigean shore ; riling into a round mountain towards the North ; the reft level, and producing exceeding flrong wines, which declare the inhabirants to be Grecians. Firft,it was called Leucopbryz,then Tenedos,of Tenes the fon of Cyenus,who reigned in Colone a City of Troas. Itis{aid, that accufed by his ftep- mother ( in re- wenge of her repulfes ) for proffering that which the inceftuoufly fought , his father : put him into acheft, and threw him into the fea : being born by a tempeft unto this Ifland, and fo admirably delivered ; where from that time forward he reigned, And becaufe a Mufician was of the confpiracy with his mother, he made a-Law , that no Mutician fhould enter the Temple which he had built,and confecrated to Apollo Smin= theus then Proteétor of this Ifland, as appeareth by the invocation of Chryfes. O Smintheus, thou that bear’ ft the filver bow ; ms me argenteum habensarcum qui Chryfen “That Chry{a guard’ft, with —illa moft divine undique tiers; es Poche a ‘like curfe witli ; Cilamque valde divinam, Tenedoque fortites ds : imperas pti 2 Smintheu——. Hom. Il: 1.1. But certain it is, that Tewes came hither, and peopled it, being defolare before. In the wats of Troy he was flain by Aches. And for that he was a jult Prince, full of worth and magnanimity, they honoured him after his death with facrifices and a Temple : wherein It was nor lawful fo much as to mention Achilles. | . With the morning they renewed their labour, rowing along the chalky fhore of | the lefler Phrygia. Now againft Cape Fanizary(defirous to {ee thofe celebrated fields where once ftood Jlium the glory ot fia, that hath afforded to rareft wits fo-plenti=. ful an argument ( with much importunity and promife of reward ) it being a matter of danger ) I got them to fet me afhore. When accompanied with two or three of them, we afcended the not high Promontory, level above, and crown’d with a ruic nous City, whofe imperfeét walls do (hew to the fea their antiquity. Within are more {pacious vaults, and ample cifterns for rhe receipt of water. The foundation hereof dhould feem to have been laid by Cozffantine the Great : who intending to remove the ree feat of his Empire; began here to build : which upon a new refolution he ereG@ted at Byzantium. This is that famous Promontory of Sigeum honoured with the fepulchre of Achilles,which Alexander(viliting it in his Afian expedition covered with flowers, and ran naked about it,as then the cultome she funerals: facrificing to the ghoft 2 of eae Sete of his kinfman, whom he reputed moft happy, that had fuch a trumpet as Homer to re-found h's vercues. The firft that reigned in this countrey was Tewcer , begot ( as they feign ) by the River Scamander on the Nymph Jdea.Him fucceeded Dardanus the fon of Fupiter and Electra the daughter of Arlas,,and wife to Coritus King of Herruria, who flying draly for the death of his brother Fafius, firft planted in Samothracia, and afterward remo- ving hither, efpoufed Butea’ the daughter of Teacer, and in her right pofleffed this Kingdome. Whole off- {pring is thus related by Eneas. : Dardanum quidem primum genuit nubicogus Jupiter, Cloud- chafing Fove did Dardanus beget, Condiditque Dardaniam, Quoniamnondum Linum facrum — yh byilt Dardania : facred Ilium: eb, In campo conditum erat oppidum diverfarum linguarum ho- h ed PI ul b ) ia fet | ecke not the lower “Plains polfest by mer Of different tongues; they populated then Sed adhuc loca fubmontana habitabant fontefe Idx. Dardanus vero genuit Erichthonium Regem. The foot of founs-full Ida. Foves fon begot Qui cum dinsienny eet iad talium ommum, King Eritthonus,richer lvv’d there not. Troem autem Eridthonius Trojanis Regem. ; RichEritthonius,Tros the Trojan King. &x Troe vero tres filii inculpati nati funt, From Ti hb mie = Ilufque Affaracufque, & divinus Ganymedes, rom Lvos three uA-vmpeache fons did Qui fane pulcherrimus fuit mortalium hominyme Jlus, Affaracus divine Ganymed, ( pring. Ilus vero genuit filium preclarum Laomedonta. . The fairest youth that ever mortal bred, eae apenas tas ae Jlus beg ot far- fam'd i aon edon, ; i etaone : {artis. ; cog apa essa ne Ba! TCR ne Be ee a He tTithon, Priam, brave Hicetaon, Aflaracus autem Capym genuit : hie Anchifem genuit filium, sa - Sed me Anchifes. —— i Lampus 3 and Clitius. Great MAffaracus Hom. Ul. 1. 20. . Got Carys, he eAnchifes, and he, us. e was the firft that after the floud adventured to inhabit the Plains. For before en dwelt on the tops of mountains « and by little and little defcended as their ter- rors forfook them, changing their conditions with the places: and by how much nearer the fea, by fo much the more civil. In the plain beyond us ( for we durft not - ftraggle farther from the fhore ) we beheld where once ftood Jiium by him founded : Scaliger called Troy promifcuoully of Tres. Afterward fained to have been walled about by refers u- Neptune and Phebus in the dayes of Laomedon. Who hath not heard of this glorious othe year. City, the former raking, the ten years war, and Jatrer final fubverfion? which befell th : » ave ga a according to Exfebixs, in the year ofthe world 2784, and fecond of Abdons governe 2768. ment of i{rael. Si magna fuit cenfuque virifque’ So rich, fo powerful, that fo proudly Stood, Perque decem potuit tantum dare fanguinis annos, har could for ten years {pace {pend [e much bloods Nunc humiles veteres tantummodo Troja ruinas, Now tre frat My Far olla se h 4 Et pro divitiis tumulos oftendit avorum, sah ¢, onely her old runes {nows, Ovid. Met. 1.5. And tombs that famous anceftors inclofe. But thofe not at thisday more than conjeéturally extant. They that favour not the inventions of Virgil, report that Aimeas removed not from hence ; but fucceeded. in this Kingdome : which for a long time after remained in his pofterity : highly ho- noured by the Greczaus themfelves for his wifdome, valour, and piety, ( he not con- fenting to the rape of Helena ) who forbare to damnifie both his perfon and fortunes. Whereupon {ulpeéted it was that he betrayed the City. Bur the prophecte that Homer makes of him in the perfon of Neptune, then ready to be done to death by e4chilles, in my opinion is a teltimony for Virgil : Sed cur hic nunc innocens dolores patitur Why crimelefs, fuffers be for others crimes ¢ Tn caffium ob alienas culpas ? grata autem femper yy}jp gods with grateful gift fo ‘many times Munera diisexhibet, qui coelum latum habitant. ; gat Hlath feafted. Come, now free we bint from death: Sed agite, nos faltem ipfum @ morte fubducamus, | 56 Ne forte Saturnides irafcatur fi Achilles Left if through wounds Achilles force bis breath, Hunc interimat: fatale enim ei eft evitare, Fove chance to ftorm. Fare doth his {cape intend, Ut ne fine prole genus & prorfus extindtum pereat For fear the Stock of Dardanus (hould end : 1 Cc nt e eo i , it lin eee pee Saturnides pra omnibus dilexit li ghee Fove ( who now doth Priams race deteft) eris. ; Of all begot on mortal dames lov'd beft. Qui in fe nati funt mulicribus mortalibus , Jam enim Priami genus odit Saturnus, _ Fneas, and his childvens children (hall Nunc autem jam Hinex vis Trojanis imperabit The Trojans rule, and re-erett thes"fall. Et nati natorum qui deinceps nafcentur. Fe. Hom, UJ, |; 29, there / LLB. 1. | ee a i? there being no mention made of any of his progeny that here reigned after him. North of this Promontory is that of Rhatewm, celebrated for the Sepulchre of Ajax, and his ttatue - by Astomus tran{fported into Egypt,and reftored unto the Rhetenfi by Augufius. P anfanias reports from the mouths of the fEolians, who re-peopled-re-edi- fied Ilium, how that the Armor of Achilles € the caufe of his madnefs, and felf- flanghter ) was, after the thip-wrack of Ulyffes, thrown up by the Seg upon the bafis of his monument. Be ety Which given to feas by tempefts Neptune caught ; Juftior arripuit Neptunus in equora jaGum : = Naufragio,ut dominum poflet adire fiuim And jufter, to the true deferver brought. hemes tabh Aare tuum, Twixt thefe two Capes there lyeth a fpacious valley. Near Sigeum was the {tation for the Grecian Navy: but nearer Rheteum the river Simois( now called Ssmores )difchar- geth it felf into the Helle/pont. This draweth his birth froma the top of Ida,the higheft mountain of Phrygia, lymg Eaft-ward from hence; and refembled, for thatit hath many feet, unto a certain rough worm, which is called Scolopendra: approaching the Sea not far fhort of AZitylen, and ftretching North-ward to the leffer Myfia. Famous for the judgement of Paris, and pregnancy in fountains : from whence defcend four vivers.of principal repute, A/opws and Granicus( made memorable by Alexanders vi- ctory, )thefe curn their ftreams to the North: Simnois, and Scamander, that regard the /&geum. Two not far disjoyning vallies there are that ftretch to each other, and joyn in an ample plain ( the theatre of thofe fo renowned bickerments ) where ftood the anrient Jdam, if not fortunate, not inglorious, nor un-revenged. ' Old Troy by Greeks twice fackt:twice mew Greece red Bis vetus everfam eft Argivis Ilion armis Her conquering anceftors. Firft when [ubdued * Bis nova vittores Grecia Inget avos. By Romes bold Trojan progeny: and now Maxima Trojanos retulit cum Roma nepotes: y ? Meri: Atque tterum imperium cum modo Turcus When fore’d through Turkéh tnfolence ta bow. haber. _ ene I..C. Scal. Through thefe fore- named vallies glide Sirnozs, and divine Scamander: fo named faith Homer, by men; but Xanthus by celeftials. Xavthus,in that the fheep that drunk thereof had their Heeces converted into yellow, according to Ariffotle : Scamander, of Scamander, who therein drowned himfelf. Of this river they made a Deity, and honoured it with facrifices. It was an antient cuftom amongft the Trojan virgins, for fuch as were forthwith to be marryed, to bathe themfelves therein, and with thefe words to invocate the River : i x Come, O Scamander, pluck, my Virgin flower. Sume, O Scamander, virginitatem meani} So that on atime Cimon an eAthenian ( for the Athenians were mixed with the Tro. jans ) being in love with Callirrhoe a Lady of principal parentage, now betrothed to another, crowned his head with reeds, and hid himfelf in the fedges adjoyning > when upon her finging of that ufed verfe, he leapt out of the covert, and replyed moft wil- ling, by conitraint defloured her : upon which occafion, that folemnity was abroga- ted. Nearer the Sea it joyneth with Simo : there it fhould feem where Achilles was fo ingaged by the waters ; , : Nor: {hrunk, Scamander, but invag’d the more Neque Scamander remifit fuam vim,fed adhuc magis A climing billow high in aire up-bore. eae Senne meer ma undam aque, And with an ont-cry filver Simats thus Pa Seats a ee bea Gt Exhorteth : Come, dear brother, now let cf On ena ERD Our forces foyn, &e. Hom. Il, 1.24... and proceeding, do make certain lakes and marifhes. Thele rivers, though now poor in f{treams,are not yet fo contemptible,as made by Belloniws, who perhaps mifta- keth others for them, ( there being fundry rivolets that defcend from the mountains) as by all likelyhood he hath done:the fite of the antient Troy. For the ruines that are now fo perfpicuous, and by him related, do ftand four miles South-weft from thie fore-faid place, defcribed by the Poets, and determined of by the Geographers : feated on a hanging hill, and too near the naval ftation to afford a field for fuch - difperfed encounters, fuch long purfuits, inrerfception of fcours, ( then when the Tro- jaws had pitched nearer the navy ) and executed ftratagems,.as is declared to have hapned between the Sea and the City. Hos, reliques do fufliciently declare | Miasdite Poi ae mae the Me quoque de ‘coclo pede jecit Jupiter olim Contra illum auxilium mifero ut mihi ferre pararems ~The oor, and flung me from the profound skie: Gs Aft ego cumcoelo Phoeboque cadente ferebar fect, fenng me f profi Re Tn Lemnum ut cecidi, vix eft vis ulla relicta. o-( Quid non Grecia nigndax Audet in hiftoria 2) —— Troy. Lemnos. LIB. I. t the greatnefs of rhe latter, and nota little the excellency. The walls (as Belonine, but more largely, deferibeth it ) confifting of great {quare ftone, hard, black, and fpongy, in divers places yet ftanding ; fupported on the infide with pillars about two years diftant one-from another, and garnifhed once with many now ruined Turrets : containing a confulion of thrown-down buildings, with ample cifterns for the re- ceipt of rains gt being feated ona fandy foy!, and alrogether deftirure of fountains. Foundations here are of a Chriftian Temple ; and two Towers of marble, that have better refifted the fury of time; the one on the top of a hill, and the other nearer the Sea inthe valley. From the wall of the City another extendeth ( fupported with’ buttreffes, partly ftanding, and partly thrown down ) well-nigh unto Jda: and then turning, is faid to reach to the gulph of Satelia, about twenty miles diftant. Half a mile off, and Welt of thefe ruines, oppofing Texedos, are the hot-water-bathes, heretofore adorned, and neighboured with magnificent building: the way thither inclofed as it were with fepulchres of marble, many of the like being about the Gity, both of Greeks and Latins, as appeareth by the feveral chara@ters. Iwo Baths there be; the one choaked with rubbige, the other yet in ufe, though under a fimple cover= rure. But now the ruines bear not altogether that form, leflened daily by the Turks, who carryed the pillars and {tones unto Conffantinople to adorn the buildings of the great Baffaes ; as they now do from Cyzicvs. This notable remainder of fo noble a City,was once a {mall village of the Ilans. For the Ilians, after the deftru€tion of that famous Iiivm, often fhifting the feat of the new, here fixt it at laft, as is faid, by the advice of an Oracle; containing one only contemptible Temple dedicated toa Atiner- va, at fuch time as Alexander came thither : who then offered up his fhield, and took down another ( that which he ufed in his fights ) enriching the Temple,with gifts and honouring the Town with his name; exempting it from tribute, and determining upon his return to ereét in it a fumptuous Temple, to inftitute facred games, and to make ita great City. But Alexander dying, Ly/imachus took upon him that care:who immured it with a wall containing forty furlongs in circuit, yet fuffered to retain the name of Alexandria. After it became a Colony, and an Univerfity of the Romans, of no mean reputation. Fimbria the Queftor, having in a fedition flain the Conful Valerins Faccus in Bithynia, and making himfelf Caprain of the Roman Army, the Citizens refuling to receive him, as a Robber anda Rebel, befieged this City, and in eleven dayes took it, who boafted that he in eleven dayes. had done that, which 4ga- memaon With five hundred fail of fhips, and the whole Greeknation, could hardly ac- complifh in ten years. To whom an Jtalan anfwered, That they wanted an Heétor to defend them. Pieces of ruines throughout thefe Plains lye every where feattered. Returning again to our Barque, hard by, onthe left hand left we Jmbrius, now called Lembro, once facred to Mercury, and not far beyond Lemnos ; famous for the fabulous fall of Vulcan. ‘Gainft Fove once making head, he caught me by All day I was in falling , and at mght Hou ti 1.1. On Lemnos fell : life had forfook me quite. Whereupon,and no marvel, he ever after halted. The Grecians there now inhabiting do relate Si ——( What dares not lying Greece In hiftories infert ?) —— that he brake his thigh with a fall from a horfe on the fide of a hill, which at this day beareth his name. The earth im that place thereupon receiving thofe excellent ver- rues of curing of wounds, {topping of fuxes,expulfing poyfons, &c. now called Terra Sigillata, in that fealed; and there only gathered. In regard of the quality of this earth which is hot, the liland was confecrated to Vulcan, who fignifieth fire. For the Antient éxpreffeth under thefe Fables, as well the nature of things,as manners of per- fons. And now, fo heretofore in the digging thereof they ufed fundry ceremonies : ceremony which giveth repute unte things in themfelves but trivial. It was wont to be gathered by the Prielts of Venus, who amongit other rites, did mingle the earth with the blood of aGoat ( printing the little pellets whereinto divided, with his form ) which was facrificed unco her. The negleét of this her honour by the shih 0 Lieif, Lenoos Fellefpont. 19 of the Ifland, was the caufe, as they fable, of their goat-like favour : fo that loathed by their husbands (who fhortly after making wars upon the Thracians, had efpoufed their captives ) and burning with a womanly fpleen, in one nigkt they maflacred chem all, together with their concubines ; after murdering their own children, left they in time to come fhould revenge the blood of their fathers - and fo extinguifhed the whole generation. This hill lyeth South of the ruines of that antient Hepheftia which gave a name unto Vulcan,and about three flight-fhots removed.Between which ftandeth Sotica, a little Chappel frequented by the Greek, Coleros upon the fixth of Auguft: where they begin their orifons, and from thence afcend the mountain to open the vein from whence they produce it, which they do with great preparations and folemnities, accompanyed with the principal Turks of the Iland. That which cove- reth it, being removed by the labour of well-nigh fifty Pioners ; the Priefts take out as much as the Cady doth think for that year fufficient, (left the price fhould abate by reafon of the abundance ) to whom they deliver it: and then clofe it up in fuch fort, as the place where they dig’d, is not to be difcerned. The vein difcovered, this precious earth, as they fay, doth arife like the cafting up of worms; and that only during a part of that day + fo that it is to be fuppofed rather,that they gather as much as the fame will afford them.Certain bags thereof are fent to the great Turk: the reft they fell ¢ of which I have feen many cups at Con/tantinople : ) but that which is fold to the Merchants is made into little pellets,and fealed with the Turke(h charaéter. The ceremonies in the gathering hereof, were firft induéted by the Venetians. = And now we entred the Helle/pout, ae AS iA ied DR gy Spd ae rae B es =D vee 3 8 Sx = Boy ean ee Oe area < Dope ae arelur: — Peat pitt en oe biti a “899 f pr oittt-— <= a = ae fron! Se ee yg Ast oti 4,8 TS? FET Sracian Chesfndaa A, Mount Ida. D. Abydos: Gs Zembenit? K: Cape Fanizary, | B. Tenedos. EB, Seffos. H. Hellefpowt. L, Rusiwes of Alexandria: C. Seat of old Troy. F, Adayto. I. Callipolis, M. Adouth of Simois and Scamander: fo called of Helle the daughter of Atharnas King of Thebes and fifter of Phryxus: whe flying the ftratagems of their ftep-mother Je, was {drowned therein. Bounded oni the left hand with the Thracian Cherfonefus(valgarly call’dS.George’s arm)a peninfula pointed to.the South-welt: whereon ftood the Sepulchre of Hecuba, called Cynoffema, which fignifieth a Dog: fained to have been metamorphofed into one, in regard of herimpatiency. She in the divifion of the T rejas captives, contemned, derided, and avoided of all, fell to the hated fhare of Ulyffes : when to free her felf from fhame and captivity, fhe leapt into the Helle/pome. But Dittys Cresenfis faith,that diftraéted with her miferies, and execrating the enemy, fhe was flain by them, and buryed in the aforefaid Promontory. On the right hand the Helle/pont is confined with the leffer Phrygia, It divideth Enrope from e/4fia, in fundry places not above a mile gees : | length ‘20° : Seftos. Abidos. LIB length about forty, ( now called the channel of Conftantinople ) and having a current thar fettech into A.geum : a trade-wind blowing either up or down, which when contrary to the {tream, doth exceedingly incenfe it, the mountains on each fides are clothed with Pines, from which much pitch is extracted. Three leagues above the entrance, and at the narroweft of this Straight ftand Seffos and e4bydos, oppofitero each other + formerly famous for the unfortunate loves of Hero and Leander,drowned in the un-compaffionate furges,and {ung by AZufeus.Here Xerxes, whofe populous Army.drank rivers dry, and made mountains circum-navi- gable, is {aid to have paft over into Greece upon a bridge of boats. Whereof Lucan. — -—Fama canit tumidum fuper equora Xerxem Fame fings bow Xerxes upon Neptunes Brine Conftruxifle vias, multum cum pontibus aufus vetted wayes : that by . bridge dunes joine Europamque Afiz, Seftenque admovit Abydo * : . Inceflitque fretum rapidi fuper Hellefponti, Europe toe Afia , Seftos to Abydos 4 Non Eurum, Zephyrumque timens Who on the fretfull Hellefpontus Lees Longeque tremum {wper equora turres, Not dreading Zephyrs, now Eurus raves 5 Lucan. 1, 2. The high towers tremble on the wrathfull Waves. Which when broken by tempelts, he caufed the Sea to be beaten (as if fenfible) with three hundred ftripes, and fetters to be thrown therein; forbidding any to facrifice unto Veptune.. Nor fped the winds better., Tn Corum atque Eurunt folitus fevire flagellis ho [coure’d bier Me ak Barbarus,£olto nunquam hoc in carcere paflos. fo ig’ the Eajt and North-eaft winds : till then ‘ JnveBateto. Never fo ferv'a 3 not in “olian den. O the dog-like rage and arrogant folly of Ideots advanced to Empire ! Sed ualis rediit > Nempe una nave cruentis > Nn: j A, la Flacubus, eeds per Menta cadavera'prora. But how retura'd ? Difmaid, through bloud.flain al [eas Fe ae With one boat, ftopt by floating carcaffes. Abydos ttands in Afia, which the A4ilefians firft founded by the permiflion of Gyges King of Lydia, unto whom all the countrey was fubje@t. Taken by the Turks in the reign of Orehanes, fucceflor unto Ottoman, through the treafon of the Governours daughter ; who, like another Seyl/a, bewitched with the perfon of Abdurachman, and his valour, often feen from the towers of the Caftle, as he approached near the wall, threw down a Letter tyed unto a ftone, wherein fhe manifefted her affeGion; and pro- mifed the delivery of the Caftle, if he would perfwade the General to remove his fiege, and return himfelf in the dead of thenight, and follow her direQions. The defendants over-joyed at the enemies departure,drink freely, and fleep foundly, when Abduracoman comming with a feleéted crew was let in. by his attending Lover, who conduéted him to the gates, wherevhe flew the drowlie guard, and fer them open to his followers, furpriling the Captain in his bed, whom he carryed away prifoner, and fortified.the place with Mahometans. Seftos {tands in Europe, though never great yet ftrongly built, and once the principal City of the Cherfonefus: atterward defa- ced, a Caftle was built in the room thereof. Abydos is feated upon a low levell ; and Seffes on the fide of a mountain, yet defcending to the Sea: both bordering the fame with their Caftles ; whereof the former is four-{quare, the orher triangular. Terrible towards the fea in regard of the number and huge proportion of the Ordnance plan- red level with the water. Moreover, kept by ftrong garrifons: yet nothing lefs theninvincible, by teafon of the over-peering mountains that back the one. and flender fortification of the other to land-ward. Thefe at this day are vulgarly called the €aftles. All thips are fuitered to enter, that by their multitude and appointment do threaten noinvafion, butnotto return without fearch and permiffion : of which we fhall (peak in the procefs of our Journal. A little beyond we palt by the ruines ofa Cattle, which the Turkifh Carmafals and Gallies ftill failing by, falute with ‘their Ordnance, it being the firft fort by them taken in Europe, who call it LZembenick, Surprifed by Solyiman,the eldeft fon of the forefaid Orchanes : who pafling the Hellef- pont by night,conduéted by a Greek, whom he had taken before, by means of a dung- ~ hill which furmounted the wall, with facility entred it; the inhabitants not dreaming that they could have paft into Europe, (who had made uponthe fudden certain little boats for that purpofe, yet more generally faid to be tranfported by the Genoefes for aducate a head ) being difperfed in their vineyards, and treading their corn, which they accuftome to do by night in thefe Countries, The befotted Grecians { a prefage of > Bens 3 LIB, I. Callipolis. Propontis. of their approaching ruine ) being fo far from endeavouring a recovery, that they jefted at the lofs, and faid that they had but taken a Hogs-ftie, alluding to the name, called Coiro-dochaftron. That night we came to Calipolis, fome twenty miles diftants and thruft into a little haven North of the town ; but onely capable of {mail veflels. —Callipolis is a City of Cherfonefus, feated at the bottom of a Bay: fo fhallow, that fhips do there ufually anchor, as throughout the whole Helefpont. Some converting C into G, do conjeéture thar it was called Gallipolis of the Gaules that over-ran thote Countries, under the conduét of Brennus, a Britain (if our Chronicles err not ) and brother to Belinus. But in that a Greek lirname, it feemeth to deny the receit there- of froma foreiner. Panfanivs maketh mention of one Callirolis, the younger fon of Calcothous, who had fent Echopolis his elder brother to aflift «7% eleager in chale of the Bore of Calydon.Echopolis there flain,and che news thereof coming to Calspol#s;in a rage he ran into the temple, and threw the wood trom the altar, his father then facrificing to Apollo: who thinking that it had been in contempt of his facrifice, ftruck out his brains with a fire- brand,and fo deprived himfelf of pofterity. Callzpolis maketh a fair thew afar off ; but entred, is nothing lefsthan it promifed ¢ a part thereof pufl-fing the fhore, and the reft the rifing of the mountain: unwalled, and without either ci- tadell or fortrefs. Along the fhore, there are divers dry {tations for gallies. On the South-fide of the Ciry, ina little plain, are tundry round hills ; the fepulchres,as they Say, of certain Thracian Kings; for fuch was the ancient cuftom of burial. The countrey above, is champion and not barren ; but rarely inhabited. The infinite num- ber of Turkith graves by the high- way fides, and adjoyning hills, do fhew it to have been plentifully inhabited by them, and of along continuarce ; it being the firft City that they took in Ewrope,under the leading of the afurefaid Solyman,in the year 1338. Here is a Ferry for tranfportation into fia. Grecks and Fews together with the Turks do inhabit the town, and are admitted ‘their Churches and Synagogues: Here alfo is a Monaftery of Romith Friers,of the Order of 5. e-4ugujtine : one of them being at - this time ( but not dwelling in the Covent ) the Frank Contul; whofe cffice is to die fpatch and difcharge the dues of all Chriftians fhips, not fubjeét to the Grand Seguior, and admitted free trading, below ar the Caftles. Yo this houfe I repaired, with hope of fome refrefhment after my wearifome voyage : bur he then from home, | was fore ced to return to my water-bed ; there being no Inns for entertainment Throughout in-hofpital Turkie : yet is this town well furnifhed with all forts of provifion. What is here fold by the Greeks, you may agree for a price ¢ but the Turks will receive your money, and give-you a quantity for it,according to their own arbitrement ; but truly enough, and rather exceeding, than fhort of your expeétation. For two. or three afpers (whereof twenty are near upon a fhilling) a butcher will cut off as much mut- ton( for they divide it not into joynts as will well fatisfie three though hungry:which they carry to the Cooks, who make no more ado, but flicing it into little gobbets, prick it ona prog of iron, and hang it ina furnace. Derided, and flouted at by di+ vers of the bafer people, at night we returned to our Bark. And departing the next morning, were forth-with met with a contrary wind, which drove us co the fhelreg of a Rock not far from the town: where we abode all that day, and the night enfue ing: they opening and wafhing part of their fponges: which laid on the fhore, by the bulk you would have thought co have been a fraught for a pinnace, which ftived into facks, when wet, were beitowed under the fide benches and crofs banks of their little veffels. On the feven and twentieth of September, before day, we left the thore, and after while entred the Propontick fea : confined with Thrace onthe one fide, and with By- thyaia on the other : joyning to the Enxine fea by the Straights of Bofphorus,as it dotta to the Agean by the Hellefpont. \t isa hundred and fifty furlongs in length, and al= moft of like latitude; fo that thofe which fail inthe midit, may defcry from all parts theenvironing land, called now Adar de Adarmore by the Italians of Marmora, a little, bur high I{land, which ftandeth againft the mouth of the Hellefpont, and in fight of Callipolis : ar whofe South fide that night we arrived. This Ifland was anciently called Proconefus, the countrey of Aristews, a famous Poz > _et, that flourifhed in the dayes of Cra/ws,and a notable Jugler:who dying(or fo feem- ing to do ) his body could be no where found by his friends that were afflembled to bury him. It had two Cities of chat name, the Old and the News the former buile by the builders of Abydos. Celebrated for excellent quarries of white Marble; and therefore now called e%omora: where a number of poor Chriftian flaves do hew ftones daily for that magnificent Mofque which is now a building at Conftanrinople by f ue baa hie ~ shis + 22 Preconefus. Conftantinople. LIB. I, this Sukan. It hath a fmall village towards the North, with a haven peopled by Greeks.’ The foil apt for vines, and not deftitute of corn: affording alfo pafturage for goats, whereof they have plenty. Incredible numbers of pariridges, like to thole of Sio, here ran on the rocks, and fly chiding about the vineyards. Having climbed rhe mountains, {teep towards the fea, we got tothe town, and bought us fome viGu- als. At night we returned to our boat which lay in an ob{cure Bay, where they fpenr the next day in wafhing the refidue of their fponges : whilft I, and my Interpreter fpent our time on the top of the mountain in the vineyards - not well pleafed with this their delay, now more affecting their eafe then when without the Helle/pont : be- ing rid of that fear ( for no Pirate dare venture to come within the Caftles ) which had quickned their expedition. In the evening we defcended ; where we found the Patron lying on his back upon a rock, all dropping wet : fpeechlefs, and ftruggling with death to our feeming. The Greeks together by the ears, every one with his fels low : fome inthe boat, and fome upon the fhore. Amongft the reft there was 4 blind man, who had married a young wife that.would not let him lie with her, and thereupon had underraken this journey to complain unto the Patriarch. He hearing his brother cry out at the receipt of a’blow ; guided to the place by the noife, and thinking with his ftaff to have {truck the ftriker,laid ir on with fuch a force,that meet- ing with nothing but air, and not able to recover himfelf, he fell inro the fea: and with much difficulty was preferved from drowning. The clamor increafed with their contentions : and anon the Patron ftarting up, as if of a fudden reftored to life; like a mad mangkips into the boat, and drawing a Turki(h Cymiter, beginneth to lay a- bout him ( thinking that his veffel had been furprifed by Pyrats,) when they all leape into the fea ; anddiving under the water like fo many Dive-dappers, afcended with- _outthe reach of his fury. Leaping a fhore, he purfues my Greek, whom fear had made too nimble for him ; mounting a {ieep cliff, which at another time he could have hardly afcended. Then turning upon me only armed with ftones, as God would have it, he ftumbled by the way ; and there Jay like a {tone for two hours together : that which had made them fo quarrelfome being now the peace-maker ; having caft the ferters of fleep upon their diftemperatures. For it being proclaimed death to bring wine unto Confiantinople, and they loath to pour fuch good liquor ifto the fea, had ¥ a ~ made their bellies the overcharged veflels. When the Patron awaked, and was infor- med by my Greek how he had ufed me, and withall of my refolution ( which was ra- ther to retire unto the town, and there expe&a paflage, chan to commit my fafery unto fuch people ) he%tame unto me, and kiffed me, as did the reft of his companions, (a teftimony amongft them of good will and fidelitie) and fo inforced me aboard. The winds the-next day blew frefh and favourable. That night we came to anchor a little below the feven Towers: and betimes in the morning arrived at the cuftome-houle. Then croffing the haven, I landed at Galata, and fo afcended the vines of Pera: where by Sit Thomas Glover,Lord Embaffador for the King, 1 was freely entertained: abiding in his houfe almoft for the {pace of four months. Of whom without ingratitude and detraétion, I cannot but make an honourable mention. Paufanias King of Sparta, that is faid so have built,did but re-edifie this City: then called Byzantinm of Byzathe founder,and taken by affaule but a little before from the Perfians. Awhile after he fendeth for Cleonice the daughter of an honourable bya tine, with purpofe to have abufed her: who vainly wafting tears and entreaties, de- fires that for modetties fake the light might be extinguifhed. The time delayed by her lingring addrefs, he falleth afleep: and fuddenly awaked with her ominous ftum- bling, then coming unto him, ftarts up, mifdoubting fome treafon, and fitikes her to 5 i the heart with a dagger. Haunted by her ghoft, or through the terrors of his guile {o periwaded, ever founding in his ears this faying : ‘Seal Lae SSIS carga Be juft, Revenge attends on thee and others : Plut. 13 Mar. he was for o.repair unto Heraclea ; where the {pirits of the deceafed, by ‘certain {pels and internal factiiices were accultomed to be ratfed. Which performed,the ghoft of Cleonice appeared, and cold him that foon after his arrival at Sparta his trouble fhould end. Which did with his life | mewed up by the Ephori in the Temple of eAiner- va, ( where he had taken fanétuary : ) condemned by them for the intended betraying of his countrey unto Xerxes. ‘Byzantium from that time forward grew.famous, and held an equal repute amongit the principal Gities; three years belieged ere taken by the Emperour Severws : and at laft made Sovereign of the reft by the ee : ON/LAneo eofieans. LE Conflantinople. = | 2 Conftantinople. Who detefting the afcent of the Gapitol the Senate, and people, ampli- Bi Tarks fied the fame, called it Conftantinople, and made it the feat of his Empire: enduing ir Gt with the priviledges of Rome; the Citizens of one being free of the other,and capable joo ofthe dignities of either. Bur the chief caufe of his remove was, that by being MEAS fay as the and drawing into thofe parts his principall forces, the Empire towards the Batt fair or might be the better defended, then greatly annoyed by the Perfians. The divine large City. determination having fo appointed or permitted, that way may be given to the fpiritual ufurper, and to reftore to the Weftern world their temporal freedome, by with-drawing of their legions, in the abfence of the Emperors, by the fucceeding di- vilion, and confequent fubverfion of that Empire. He intended firft to ‘have built at Chalcedon, on the other fide of the Thracian Bofphorus ; in view of this, and a little below it, whereof the eM/egarians were the builders called blind by the Oracle, for that, firft arriving at that place they made choice of the worfe and le(s profitabie fite : the ith ( efpecially the Tanzy bred in the lake of Afaotis, which exceedingly enriched . the Byzantines that came out of the Exxine fea,being driven to the contrary fhore by the ftream, and frighted by the whitenefs of the Clittes from the other. And even at this day fifh of fundry kinds, at fandry times, in incredible multitudes, are forced by the aforefaid current into the haven: when many entring far in, and meeting with the frefh, as if inebriated, turn up their bellies, and are taken: -It is reported , that when the workmen began to lay the platform at Chalcedon, how certain Eagles conveyed their lines to the other fide of the Straight, and let them fall right over Byzantium: whereupon the Emperour altered his determination, and built his City whereas now it {tandeth, as if appointed todo fo by the Deity. ‘Finifhed it was in the eleventh of AZay, inthe year 331. and confecrated to the bleffed Virgin. Rome he bereft of her ornaments to adorn it: fetching from thence in one year more aiti- quities,than twenty Emperours had brought thither before in an hundred. .Amongtt the reft thar huge Obelisk of Theban marble, called Placaton by the Greeks (formerly brought our of Eyypr ) and ereéted it in the Forum, with a brazen Sratue of antique and Dedalian workman thip, fet upon the top of a Columne, and called by his name (but fuppofed to be the counterfeit of Apollo tranflated from Jlium) thrown down by a violent wind in the reign of Alexis. This place wasalfo beautified with ‘the Trojan Palladium ; an image of Pallas three cubitshigh : in the right hand holding a fpear, in the left, a fpindle, and appearing as if it walked ; which he gave,astheyfeignunto Dardanus in dowry with his daughter Chry/as. By Ilvs removed unto Ilinm, it ‘was mt hs g rae a ms SUES 1% told them by an Oracle, that as long asiit included the fame, the City fhould remain Aug de Ci in-expugnable. Whereupon it was placed in the moft fecret part of the Temple, -and vit. Dei, I, another made like it, exhibited to the view: ftoln after. from thence by Ulyff's-and 1. c. 2.ex ‘Diomedes. But the true one(togther with the Trojan Penates) was delivered by Sycas variis Au- to Aneas,who carried it with him into Jealy : removed from Alba longa to Rome,and ou Pau fan placed in the Temple of Ye/ta. Which fet accidentally on fire, Lucius Adetellus being oe then High-prieft, did refcue with the lofs of his eyes. ports of This City by deftiny appointed, and by nature feated for Soveraignty, was fit{t the another — feat of the Romane Emperors, then of the Greek, as now it is of the 7, urkefh: built by 4aughrer Conftantine the {on of Helena,and loft by Conftantine the fon of another Helena(a Gre- i fees d ay, ; : : ifeulapie gory then Bithop,whofe firft Bifhop was a Gregory )to Adahomet the fecond,in the eg RS 1453+ with the {laughter of her people,and deitrudtion of her magnificent Structures. Hygio. The like may be obferved of the Roman Emperours.; whofe firlt-was Augufius, and whofe laft was e4uguftulus. So have they a Prophecy that A¢abomet fhall lole it. oa. To. powerful Afia oppos'd, in Europe feated : Europe impofita hee Afieque objeéa potenti + Of old the bound to.both, and now the Head, sar utrique oltm, nunc utrinfque capur. - Fortune remov’d with the linperial fe Sa: Tranilato imperio pariter fortuna receffit : 7 Crevit, & aufpiciis maxima fa@a novis : end with new fortunes this grew far More great. Auxit qui rapuit : fed nune cervic bus erbis Who forc d, enlarg’a,what now Earths fhoulders makes Imminet : ipfa ctiam Roma fuperba tremit, The bafis of ber height : even proud ‘Rome quakes. Non vetus ak Novo, meretrix fed perdita luxu: Not old; a flrumpet whom new lufts defame: te wn allay enisiaen nolle pudere putat, That eftimates it no crime not to fhame. q a aa Ay oer ad ye elt victoria:tantum, . ; : eh Mlle armis leges : accipe, daque jugum, Alrife thou fierceft, ftrike, kill, thine’s the day: Laws only adds to “rms : rule and ebey. I, ©, Scalig. qt Aen ai, Conflantinople. LIB. I. It ftands 6n a Cape of land near the entrance of the Bofphorws. In form triangu- lar: onthe Eaft-fide wathed with the fame, and onthe North-fide with the haven. yttt r ACT Ais Seek AMPS EEG : Cal = = Ponda thm Mt I. i i ‘ (A, The Thracian Bafphorus and way tothe Black Sea. _ E, The haven of Coufeantinople. B. The Bay of Umit. FE. Point of Foundaclee, C. The high sand over Burfia. G. Point between Scutayi and Chalcedon. D, The entrance into Propowtis. H, The Maiden-Tower. adjoyning on the Welt to the Continent. Walled with brick and ftone, intermixed orderly : having four and twenty gates and pofterns ; whereof five do regard the land, and nineteen the water ; being about thirteen miles in circumference. Than this there is hardly in nature a more delicate objeét, it beheld fromthe Sea or adjoyning mountains ¢ the lofty and beautifull Gypreffe trees fo intermixed with the buildings, that it feemeth to prefent a City ina Wood to the sage beholders. Whofe feven afpiring heads ( for onfo many hills and no more, they fay itis feated ) are molt of chem crowned with magnificent Mofques, all of white marble, round in form, and coupled above ; being finifhed on the top with guilded {pires, that refleé&t the beams they receive with a marvellous fplendor : fome having two, fome four, fome fix ad- joyning turrets, exceeding high, and exceeding flender : tarraft aloft on the out-fide like the main top of.a fhip and that in feveral places equally diftant. From whence the Tali{imanni with elated voices ( for they ufe no bells ) do congregate the people, pronouncing the Arabick fentence, La Jilab Illella Muhemet re {ul Allah : viz. There t but one God,and Mahomet his Prophet.No Mofque can have no more than one of thefe turrets, if not built by an Emperor. But that of Santa Sophia, once a Chriftian Tem- ple, (twice burnt, and happily, in that fo fumptuoufly re-editied by the Emperour Fustinian ) exceedeth not only the reft, by whofe pattern they were framed, but all other Fabricks whatfoever throughout the whole Univerfe. A long labour it were to defcribe it exaétly : and having done, my eyes that have feen it would but con- demn my defeétive relation. The principal part thereof rifeth in an ovall: furroun- ded with pillars, admirable for their proportion, matter, and work-man-fhip. Over thofe others, thorow which ample galleries, curioufly paved, and arched above, have their profpe€tinto the Temple - dignified withthe pretence of Chriftian Emperors at the time of divine Service ; afcended by them onhorf-back. The roof compaé&, and adorned with Aofaick painting. An antique kind of work, compofed of little {guare pieces of Marble; gilded and coloared according to the place thar they are to aflume in the figure or ground : which fet together,as if imbofled, prefent an unexpref- fible itatelinefs; and ate of a marvellous durance : numbred by Paseirollxs amongit LIB, 1. Conflantinople. —— 2g things that are loft: but divers in Italy at this day excell in that kind : yet make the paracles of clay, gilt, and coloured before they be neiled by the fire. The reft of the Church, though of another proportion, doth joyn to this with a certain harmony. Phe fides and Hoor are all flagged with excellent marble: vaulted underneath, and containing large cifterns, repleniflyed, with water from an Agaeduct. Before the en- trance there 1s agoodly Portico; where the Chriltians that vific ic upon curiofity as well as the Turks, do leave their fhooes before they do enter. Within on the left hand there is a Pillar covered with copper, ever {weating, ( know’ not why, unlefs in being pafs‘d thorow by fome conduit ) which the Turks wipe off with their hand- kerchers + ‘through a:vain fuperftirion perfwaded, thar it is of facred and fovereign “vertue. The doors are curioufly cnt through, and plated : the wood of one of them feigned'to be of the Ark of Doe, and therefore left baresin fome places to be kiffed by “the devouter people. &vagrivs, that lived a thoufand: yeais ince, affirmeth, this Tem- ple to have been from Eaft unto Welt; two hundred and three-fcore feet long, and in height one hundred and four-fcore : and Antonius Menavinus, chavin thedayes of Ba- jaxet, it contained at’once fix and thirty thoufand' Parks. Perhaps the ancient fabrick then ftanding entire ;_ whereof this now remaining was little more than the Chancel. Better to be believed than Bellonivs a modern eye- witnefs,who reports that the doors thereof are in number equal to the dayes of the year cowhereas if it hath. five, it hath Sastgae more by one than by me was difcerned. e#ahomet the Great, upon the taking of the aL aay City, threw down the Altars, defaced the Images,) {' of admirable workmanthip, 4,04 i and infinite in number’) converting it into’a e20Zo/que. To every one of thefe PLinci- port« quot pal. A40/ques belong publick Bagnies, Hofpitals, avittr lodgings for Santons, and Ec- in anno clefiaftical perfons being endowed with comperent revenues. «The inferiour 14ofqnes #*s- ag are built for the moft part {quare: many pent-hous'd swith openigalleries, where ei they accuftome to pray at times extraordinary > there:being ‘in all. ¢ comprehending ae Pera,Scutars, and the buildings that border the Bofphorus) about the number. of eight thoufand., | 2 But this of Sophia, is almoft every other Friday frequented by the Sultan: being neeainto the fore-front of his Seraglo, which poflefleth. the exttemeft. point. of the North-eaft angle, where formerly {tood the-antierity Byzantium :edivided from the reft of the City by a lofty wall, containing three miles in circuit ; ‘and comprehend- ing goodly Groves of Cypreffes intermixed with Planes, delicate gardens, artificial fountains, all variety:of fruit-trees, and what not rater? Luxury>being the fteward, and the treafure un-exhauftible... The proud palace of the Tyrant doth opento the South s having a lofty gate-houfe without lights onthecout-fide, and engtaven with Arabick chara&ters, fer forth with gold and azure; alliof white marbles . This leadeth into a fpacious Court three hundred yards long, and above half as'wide: -On the left fide thereof, {tands the round’ of am antient Chappel, !containing the-Arms that were taken from the Grecians in the fabverlion of this City and at the farend of his Court a fecond gate, hung with thieldsand Gymiters , doth. lead: into another fall ofall €yprefs-trees, Kf large; yet not by much than the former. .; The;Gleyfters about it leaded’ above, and ‘paved with: ftone, the.roof fupported-with'columns of marble, having copper chapiters, and bafes. “Omthe'left faridithe Divano is kept ; where the Baffa’s of the Port do adminitter juftice';»on that fide éonfined with humble buildings. Beyond-waich Court-On'the right hand there isa Rreevof kitchins :/and,on the left is the ftable, large enough for 500 horfe 7 where therdis now tebe feen:a Mule fo admi- tably ftreak’d, and dappled with white and black , and in fuck due proportion as if a Painter had done it, not to imitate narure; but to pleaféheeye,nandiexorefs -his cu- tiolity. Out of this fecond Court there isa paflage into the third, nor by Chriftians ordinarily to be entred : {urrounded with the royal buildings, which though perhaps theyccome fhort ofthe Jzaliaw , for icontrivément eand»finenels.-of workmarthip ; yet not in coitly curioufnefs, matter, and amplitude’ Between the Eaft.wall ¢ which alfo feryeth for a wall'to the City’) » andethewaterywarfort of terrible Ordnance. are planted, which threaten deftru@tion to fuch as byifea thall attempt, a violent entry or prohibited paflage. And without’ on’ the! Northefideldtands: the Swleans Cabinet in form of a {umptuons Summer-houle s having a privaterine{lage, made for the time of waxed linnen, from his Seraglia: where he often folaceth himfelf, with the various objects of the heaven’; and trom thende takes’ Barge tobpafs unto the delightful. places of the adjoyning fd, This Palace, howfoever enlarged: by the Ottomans, was firlt erected by Fupinus x i: , -D Where 26 : Conskantinople. LIB. I. Qua refonarite fréto fludtus cava littora tundunt 5 Where flouds encountring hollow fhores refeund Et duplici Pontus nomine {cindit humum : And firaightned Seas of two names cut ee tank Inclytus uxori celebranda palatia ftruxit = maen * Rex Sophie, miultus quam decoravit honos. The King for bis Sophia did ere tt Quam bene (Roma potens) tua gloria conttitit,tinde cA flately Palace, fumptuonlly dec kt. Luropz arque A fiz fertilis arva patent. How well (great Rome) did he thy glory raife. Agathius. . Which Afia's, and Enrops’s fields [arveys ! and named it Sophia of the Emprefs. Now next to thefe Ortoman eM asifolea’s do require their regard : built all of white marble, round in form, coupled on the top; and having ftately porches. Within cach is the tomb of a feveral Sultan, with the tombes of his children, that either have died efore him, or have after been ftrangled by their tyrannical brethren, according to the Twrki(h piety: The tombs are not longer nor larger than fitting the included bo- dies, each of one {tone higher at the head than feet,and compa(s’d above: without other otnament than covers of green, and Turbants laid upon the upper ends. At the four corners of thofe of the Sultans, there ftand four tapers of wax, as big asa thigh, but not lighted. The ftoors of the monuments are {pread with carpets: and fome there are that do continually live therein; performing fueh duties of prayers and lamenta- oe as agreeth to their cuftomes : at cercain times befprinkled with the tears of their off-{pring. | 7 The South-eaf angle of this Gity is taken up by the feven Towers, called ancient- ly Fanisula: employed, as the Tower of London, for a ftore-houfe of the Sultans treafure and munition ; being alfo a prifon for capital offenders: We omit to {peak of the great mens Seraglies ; that of the women belonging to the deceafed Emperours ; and that of the Virgins : the Alberges of Fanixaries; the feveral Seminaries of Spachses and Giamoglans : the Befeftans ( where finer forts of commodities are fold) hofpirals, ‘markets of men and women,&c. fince hereafter we ate to treat of moft of their Or- ders; the buildings themfelves not meriting a particular defcription ; converting our difcourfe to thofe few remainders of many Antiquities, whereof the eFquedutt made by the Emperour Valentinian, and retaining hisname, doth principally challenge re- membrance: this hath his heads near to the black fea, nor far trom a village called Domuz-dere, of the abundance of wild hogs thereabout, the place being wooddy and mountainous: where many fprings are gathered together, and at fundry places do joyntly fallinto great round cifterns, from thence conveyed to conjoyn with others ( amongft which, as fuppofed, is the brook Cydarins ) led formetimes under the earth, now along the level, then upon mighty arches over profound vallies, from hill co hill, for the {pace well-nigh of thirty miles, until arriving at the City, and furmounting the fame, it falletty at lengch as:from a head-long cataraét, into an ample ciftern,fap- ported with near two hundred: pillars of marble ; and is from thence by conduits éonduéted unto their publick ufes. This was repaired by Solyman the Great, grande father of this: now reigning «Achmet : whofe withes: and endeavours are faid to have gimed at three things: which were; the re-edifying of Ponte Picelo, and Ponte Grande ( which crofs two armes of the fea) and the reftoring of this Aqueduct, thele fe accomplifhed , but the third which was the expugnation ot Vienna, he could-never accomplith. Not far from the Femple of Sanéta Sophia, there is a {pacious place fur- eounded with buildings, kero that of Smith-field, and anciently called the Aisppe- - drone for that there they exhibited their horfe-races. i Palvereumie fugax Hippodromon wngula pulfate’ «The ft wift foot beats the dusty Hippodror | Mart. 1.12. Epig. go. as now Atmidan by the Turks,.a word of like fignification - where the Spashzes of the Court play every Friday: at Giocho'ds Canni ; which is no other than Prifon bafe upon fiorfe- back, hitting one another with darts, as the other do with their hands ; which they never throw counter, but atithe back ofthe flyer. Nor is it the leaft content- ment to the Chriftian, ‘to behold the terrible falls that they often get ( not rarely cofting’ thech their lives ) whilft by the wreathing, of their bodies, or a too hafty _ turn) they feek ro avoid the purfuer ; and fometimes .the darts not lighting in jeft on their naked necks, and reverfed.faeess: In this: place there ftandeth a ftately Hierogly- phical Obelisk of Thebans marble. {Onthe one fide of the Pedeftal, this Epigram is engraven , which for that imperfeét Cas the reft ) and of no import, I will forbear to ificerprets a DIFFI- n . a “y ~ a LIB. I. Confiantinople. oF" DIFFICILIS QUONDAM DOMINIS PARERE SERENIS . : JUSSUS ET EXTINCTIS PALMAM PORTARE TYRANNIS OMNIA THEODOSIO CEDUNT SOBOLIQUE PERENNI TER DENIS SIC VICTUS CECOD... MIT US QUE DIEBUS JUDICE SUB PROCLOSI...... SELA1 US AD AURAS. And this on the other fide. KIONA TETPATIAEYPON AEIX OONIKEIMENON AX@OC MOYNOC ANACTECAI GEYAOCIOC BASIAETOC TOAMHCAC MPOKAOC ENMEKEKAETO KAI TOCOC EQTH KIQN HEAIOC EN TRIAKONTAATQ. A little removed there ftandeth a Column of wreathed brafs, with three infolded fer- - pents at therop, extended: in a triangle, looking feveral wayes- And beyond both thefe, another high Obelisk, termed by fome a Coloffis, built of fundry ftones, now greatly ruined, covered heretofore with plates of guilded brafs : whofe bals do yet -Yerain this infcription, of ; —t+ TO TETRATIAETPON OAYMA TON METAPCION XPON 2 2@APEN NYN KQECTANTINOC AECNOTHG ©Y POMANOCTIAIC AOZA THE, CKHIITOTXIAC KREITTON NBOYRIEI THS MAAAI@EQPIAC O BAR KOAOCCOC® AMBOC HN TH POAQ KAI XAAKOC OTTOC @AMBOC EC TIN ENTHAAE, And in Aurathafar ( that is, the market of women ) there is an hiftorical Column to be afcended within, far furpafling both Trajans, and-ghat of Antonine, which I have feen in Rgme : the work-man having fo proportioned the figures, that the higheft and loweft appear of one bignefs. And right againft the manfion of the German Empetours Embaffadour ( who one- ly is fuffered to lodge within the City) ftands the Column of Gonffantine : about the top whereof you may read this diftichon. TO @EION EPTON ENOAAE $0APEN XPONQ: NEO! MANOTHA EYZEBHE ATTOKPATOP,. Thefe are all the remains that are left ( or all that are by the Chriftians to be feeri; befides the reliques of the Palace of Conftantine, now made a ftable for wild beafts ) of fo many goodly buildings, and from all parts congefted antiquities, wherewith this fovereign City was in times paftfo adorned. And with them are their memories pe+ rifhed. For not a Greek can fatishe the Inquirer in the hiftory of their own calamities. So fupine negligent are they, or perhaps fo wife, as of paffed evils to endeavour a forgetfulnefs. But to fay fomething of Coxfantinople in general ¢ | think there is not in the world an objeét that promiteth fo much afar off to the beholders.,. and entred fo deceiveth the expeétation : the: beft of their private buildings, infe-_ riour to the more contemptible fort of ours. For the Turks are nothing curious of their houfes : not only for that their poffeffions are not hereditary ; but efteeming it an egregious folly to ereét fuch fumptuous habitations, asif here to live for ever ; torgetfui of their graves, and humane viciflinde. Reproved likewife by the Poer, Thou marble hew’ft, ere tong to part with breath ¢ Tu fecanda marmora And houfes rear'jt, unmindful of thy death, Locas {ub ipfum funus : & fepulchzi Immemor, ftruis domos. None being above two ftories high, fome of rough fone, fome of timber, fome of Sun-dried brick: their roofs but rifing a little, covered with fuch tiles as are Jaid on the ridges of ours, one contrary to another ; Yer fome part of fome of them flat ( thofe belonging to men of principal degree ) planted with flowers and trees of the rareft colours, and produétions. Many vacant places there are in the City, and many rows of buildings, confifting of fhops onely, all belonging to the Grand Stgnior: who lets them out unto trades-men ; into which their wives come not. Women being prohibited by «Aahbomer to buy or fell ( though not now fel- dome they do ) or fhew themfelves publickly. The ftreets for the moft part are ex- if , D 2 *- ceeding. a) af ConSantinople. ‘ioe BBall =f fi eae 2 ' , rs = ‘THE HISTORICALL COLVMNE IN AVRAT BASAR. Eee ei coon is a \ N y Stee . we AKAN vane . j BOOXxe, _ . | ra 2 AN Ny WN ute 4) iN < yy uy UL TM | ZAM V7 ellie tia a a ate Dx LIB, +T. Conflantinople. ‘All the fuburbs that this City hath, lie without the gate of Adrianople 5 adjoyning to the Norih- weit angle thereof,and ftretching along the uppermoft of the Haven. Where within a ftately monument, there itandeth a Tomb of principal repute in the ea-_ hometan devotion : the fepulchre of Fupe Sultan a Santon of theirs, called yulgarly and ridiculoufly, the fepulchre of Fob. Lo which the Captain Baffa doth repair before he fets forth, and at his return; there performing appointed oraifons and ceremonies: and upona viétory obtained, is obliged to vifit che fame every morning and evening, for the {pace of three weeks. Before this in a Cyprefs grove, there ftandeth a fcaf- fold, where the new Sultans are girt with a Sword, by the hands of the Aduftz, their principal Prelate, with divers folemnities. : 3 Now fpeak we of the Haven : rather devoured than encreafed by a little river,cal= led formerly Barby/es ; now by the Greeks, Chartaricon, and Chay by the Turks:much frequented by fowl, and rigoroufly preferved for the Grand Signiors pleafure, who ordinarily hawks thereon: infomuch that a fervant of my Lord Embafladors was fo beaten for prefuming to fhoot there, that fhortly after he died (as it is thought of )the blows.. This falleth into the Weft-extent of the haven: throughout the world the faireft, the fafeft, the moft profitable. So conveniently profound, that the greateft Ships may lay their fides to the fides thereof, for the more eafie receit, or difcharge of their burthen, The mouth of itis land-lockt by the oppofite e4fia; opening Faft- ward into the Thracian Bofphorus, which by a long narrow channel {trerching North and South, joyns the black and white Seas + fo call they the Seas North and South of the Bofphorus. So that no wind bloweth, which brings not in fome fhipping or other tothe furnifhing of this City : Having ( as it hath been faid before } on the left hand the Euxine fea, with the lake of Adaotes ; inhabited about by multitudes of nations, and entred into by many navigable rivers ; whereby whatfoever groweth, or is nou- rifhed in thofe far-diftant countries, is eafily tranfported untoit : on the right hand

Which favage Seythians inhabit round : Ermatrem Pont perhibent Mzotidisundam, For Mother of the Pontick, fea renown de and therefore called Temerinda: fed by the mighty river of Tana, which divideth Afia from Europe. The'reit of the North fide ts bounded by the European Sarmatia. On the Weit is confined by part of Dacia, and the hither Mefia, feparated by Danu- bius, and the remainder with Thracia. The Sea is lefs fale chan others, and much an- noyed with Ice ia the Winter | There LIB.1. Euxine Sea, Thraciat Bofphorus. | 33 There where ftiff winter which no {pring remits, Et qua bruma rigens ac itelcia vere remhictt Wi; oe ; Aftringit Scythicum glaciali frigere- Pontusps With bonds of Ice the Scythian Pontus kmts. seats OM areal a Here he Turk prohibiteth foreiners to traffick, there being no other paflage therein- to but by rivers: neither this paflage of Bofphorws, as {ome conjeéture, rath been e Black Sea ie See entering in to the a Thracian Bolphorus| see ‘T Ce ae h h = === S45 ¥ SDS A.” Part of Thrace. B. The Lanthorn) C. Bart of Bythiwia} D; Eaxine Sia) E) Bolphorag always, but forced by the violence of ftreams that fell into the over-charged Execine. ‘Where it rufheth into the Bo/phorus, there are two rocks, that formerly bare the names of Cyanea and Symplegades : which for that fo near, as many times appearing but as one, they were fained by the Poets un-ftable, and at fundry times to juftle each other, Here, upon the top of arack environed with the fea, fuppofed by fome to be one of thefe, if not too far removed froma fellow to be fo, ftands a pillar of white marble, called vulgarly the pillar of Pompey. Upon the fhore there is an high Lanthorn, Jarge enough at the top to contain about three-{core perfons, which by night direéteth the failer into the entrance of the Bofpborus. ee aa The Bo/phorws etteth with a ftrong current into Propontis, and is in length about twenty mi.es :_ where broadeft, a mile, and in two places but half a mile over. So cal- led, for thar Oxen accuftomed to {wim from the one fide to the other : or as the Poets will have ir, from the paflage of Metamorphofed Jo. Now day, and winds invite: to Sea put they, Jamque dies aurzeque vodint : rurfufque capeffurt Where Bofphorus doth bis rough flouds difplay. Aquora, qua rigidos eructat Bofphorus amnes, Lllos (Nile) tuts nondum Dea’gentibus Io Jo, not then a goddefs, creft the fame Tranfierat flu@us ? unde hee data nomina Ponto} ( Nile ) to thy foyls st therefore took that name. — > Val, Flac. Agen. 4, Qne a a ea _aWigh' “ Tbracian Bofphorus. LIB 1 => === ‘Al The Rock fuppofed one of the Symplegades, ; D. The coaft of Afia towards Zrapefond, B. the Black Sea. E. Part of Thrace. : C, The entrance of the Bo[phorus towards Confeantinople, F. The foot of the Lanrborn Tower: The baGs whereof did bear thefe now worn-owt Characters. DIVO. CASARIL AUGUSTO. L. CLANNIDIUS. L, F. CLA. RONTO. One of thofe two fore-mentioned Straits lies before Con/tantinople: the other five miles above and a half, where on Europe fide there ftandech a Caftle called formerly Damalis, and now the black Tower : {trongly fortified, and commanding that entry 5 with the help of the other on the oppofite fhore: environed with a wall two and swenty foot broad, and containing three great Towers 5. their wall exceeding ten yards inthicknefs. This is alfo a prifon for captives of principal quality. At fucl time.asthe defervedly beloved Mr. Barton lay here Embaflador for our Nation, there was.a certain Hollander, called Hadrian Cant , who being taken by a‘Renegado, then Gaptain of two gallies,was by the Grand Signiors commandment fhut up in this place; they expecting great matter for his ranfom. Where after he had remained three years, grifing one morning before day, and finding the doors open, he defeended without the privity of his keepers into the court of the Caftle. When advifing with himfelf of his efcape, and cafting his eyes about him, he found a rope that was tied to atree, not far from the wall, which he afcending, by the benefit thereof without danger defcended on the other fide ; and from thence conveyed himfelf into the houfe of our Embafladour ; then ( as now ) a San@tuary for efcaped captives, where for three dayes they hid him under a wood-ftack, and not long after fhipt him for Holland. In che morning the Captain of the Caftle having vainly fought for his prifoner, fill’d forth-with a coffin with clay, and caufed it ro be thrown into the Bo[phorus , giving it out that he was dead,affrighted with the punifhment of his predeceflor. being ganch- ed for the efcape of certain Noble-men of Germany committed to his cuftody, Five miles above this, the Bo/phorus was pafled over a bridge of boats by Darius the fa- ther of Xerxes. The European fide is bordered almoft with continued buildings, the other with fruitful hills, and orchards, not yielding (I fuppofe.) in delights to that celebrated Theffalian Tempe, when kept by the more curious Chriftians, and adorned with their now proftrate palaces. == Pitucie Palle aoe == 2 SY Vulparby cad SS oe : : : = = aaa Of . 4 A. Te Black Dower. C. thracion Bofphores} E, Bart of Bithynig. B. | Zhe oppofite cafe. D. Part of Thracia, _ OF Novo Rema a name of Conftantine ) the adjoyning countrey is at this day ¢al- led Rothania : formerly: Thracia, of Trax the fon of Mars, or of Thracia an enchan rrefs, or rather of the a and favage difpofition of the people ( for fo the name im- porteth) who facrificed men to Adars and ‘Bellona, when about co joyn batrel. OF thefe thus Sidonins in his. panegyritk to edntemius, ore Thrace Stor’d with worthies they dominions knows ‘Thrdcum terra tua eft, heroum fertilis orag | Here infants lye on ice, and Cyinbrian [nows ye ae ab ti Theip 5; ee ‘ead ntum Molles nix Cymbriea durat} Their [oft lumbs harden, from the bour they are born Peore vix alitur quifquam fed ab hee crattid ‘The brest doth nowrifh few ; they from thence corn Plus potat per vulnus equum ; fic laGe relio, Suck more from borfes wounds : mi k leaving, fo Virtutuin genus tota bibit, crevere parumpery All gather courages For while they grow, Ny pugoam ludunt jaculis ; hos fuggerit illis They {parting fight with dares, whom firokes incite. yuna laga Joces, pueri venatibus apti : } Liiftra feris vacuant. Rapto ditata javentus; Boyes, apt for hunting, favage beaft delight Jura colit gladii 2 ? : ‘ gladiis confummatamque sfeneCtam: (To rouze from denns. The youth enrich with fpoil Non ferro finire pudet. Tati ordine vie =| ‘dake foords their lawa , efleeming [pent age vile, Cives Martis agunti—— Which ficel fends nat.te death. Even {woh a life Lead. Mars his breed.——— ; This countrey is cotifined on the North wich meunt Hames, called Catera mundi by . the /ralians, on the Batt it hath the Pontiek, and Propontickfeass on the South the di-). geanjoyning on the Welt to Adacedonia and the upper Mafia, Her more famous miountaitis até that afore-faid Hamus, Rhodope {till rope with fnow, and celebrated for the fongs of Orpheus ; Pangeas richt in filver, and Adaffapas for high fteep piked rocks to be wondred at. The cttef rivers are How Hebras, falubrious Trans, and troubled Neffus, The chief Cictessnext unto this, Nicopols Philippe yet boafting of her Amphi-, thtarer, Pbilippolis, Hadrianopolis, Trajanopolis, Selyanbria, P evinithus, Pbmopotis and efpellenia, In length it container twenty dayes journey, in latitude feven.. Towards tte fea-it is indifferent fruitful producing corn, and not contemptible wines , but. the farther removed, the Jefs profitable lyingina wild champion, made barren by she bitter cold of che climate. It isunder the government of the Beglerbeg of Greein, tio is allo called the Beglerbeg of Romania. Fhe Furks now Lord of this Imperial City, ( together with the goodlielt: porti- on —_ The Hifory of the: irks. ‘LIB. 1. on of the earth ) arrived at this height of dominion from fo fecure an original, as the fame is rather conje€tured at, than politively delivered by any. But certain itis, they were a people of Scythia; who forfaking their own homes , in the year 844 compelled by famine, or expelled by their neighbours, entred through the Straights of the Cafpian mountains,and by ftrong hand poffeft themfelves of Arimenia the great- er; called thereupon Tur comania,as it is at this day ;multiplying by the daily acceflion of their countrey-men ; being in Religion Pagans, and living in wandring Troops, according to the Scythian Nemades. Now the Saracen Empire drawing nigh a period by the divifion of the Adahometan Princes, Mahomet Sulsan of Perfia,too weak for the Caliph of Babylon, intreated aid of the Turk; who fent him three thoufand fouldiers, under the leading of Tangrolipix, the chief of the Selzuccian family, by whofe aiflift- ance he overthrew the Caliph. Yet would he compell the Turk todo him further fer- vice : whereupon a quarrel, and confequently a battel was commenced between them. In which, Mahomet mifcarrying, Tangrolipix by confent of both Armies was elected Sultan. To Perfia he adjoyned the temporal jurifdiétion of Babylon , having fubdued the Caliph: but continued the fpiritual to his fucceffor, as fucceflors unto their falfe propher : the Turk having then embtaced the eM/abomeran fuperttition ; which was two hundred and fourteen years after their eruption out of Scythia. Axan fucceeded his father Tangrolipix : who upon agreement with Cutla- Mujes and his kinfman (of kin likewife unto him ) then in arms, affigned unto them the abfolute fovereignty of whatfoever they could purchafe with their fwords from the Greczan Emperour: who by him aided, fubdued Afedia, much of Armenia, Cappadocia, Pontus, Bythinia, and moft of the leffer Afia. On the other lide, the Sultan gave to Ducat and Melech, two other of his kinfmen, the Cities of Damafcus and Aleppo, with their cerrito- ries, to hold of him in chief, with whatfoever they could win from the Saracens : who fhortly became matters of the greater part of Syria. But foon after beaten out of it ( as for the moft past ott of Afiathelels ) by Goafreyot Bullen, and his Chriftian forces, they were forced to retire into the more Eaiterly pare ‘of their dominions - fo thar now their declining glories did feem to imitate, or rather exceed their fwitt afcenfton unto Empire. But they fhortly aftet recovered their loflesin the lefler Afiae "For the warlike Solyman ( the fon of Cuslu- Mufes ) that fo'withftood the Weitern Ghriftians, being now dead, eMabomer {uccecdcd him. Between whem, and Alafne then Sultan of fconium, there befel a war, and forthwith an agreement: But eAafue in fine pofleft of the whole Tw kfb kingdome in that part of eAfia, dying.; did divide _ among(t his three fons. To Calzzaft han he gaye the regal City of /conswmn, with the ~ wnder-Proyinces : to Fagupafan, Amufta, and Ancyra, with part of Cappadocia, and - the territoriesiadjacenc: but ro Dadune he gave the ample Cities of Ce/area and Se- > -wbaftia , andiall the {pacious countreys adjoyning : the whole being lately a parcel of ‘othe declining Greck Empire. Buc thee ambitious brethren like the fons of the Earth, “drew their {words on each other. The eldelt difpoflefling ‘Dadune of his patrimony; and turning his forces upon Facupafan, ( who died in the preparation of chat war ) co: ofeized alfo-upon his.. Then invading the adjoyning parts of the Empire, ina mor- gal pattel he overthrew Emanuel Commenus the valiant, bur un-fortunate Empe- “ours fubduing after his death the countrey of Phrygia, with divers frontier Cities and Caftles. This aged Sultan dying, left behind him tour fons, «afur, Coppatine, Rencratine and Charchofroes. To Mafut he bequeathed Amafa, Ancyra, Doryleum, with fandry other Cities of Pontus : to Coppatine, Melitene,Cafarea, Vaxara: to Ren- cratine, eAminfum, Docea, with the fea bordering Cities:but to Chaichofroes(belides the regal feat of Iconium) Lycaonia, Pamphilia, and the bordering countries as far as Cotyaninm, with the title of Sultan. But thefe fellalfo at difcord. For Coppatine dying foon after, Reucratine and Mafus contended in arms for his poffcflions. Reseratsne prevailing, invadeth the Swltan,takes from him Jeoniwm, expels him out of his domi- ons, and remaineth fole Sovereign. As thefe thus here prevailed, fo the race of Ducat and Melech before fpoken of, recovered all Syrsa from the contentious Chriftians, conduéted by the glorious Saladine, having alfo joyned Egypt to that Empire. Who left nine fons behind; all murthered but one, by Saphradine their Uncle: and he efta- ping by the means of his fathers favourits,called alfo Saphradine and Sultan of Aleppe. Of that treacherous Sapbradine,Meleden Sultan of Egypt defcended:and Coradin sultan of Damafcus & Ferufalem.The mighty Empire of Saladine again rent in pieces,yer was Still pofleffed in parts by the Selzuccian family, until driven out\ of Syrza by the Tar- ~ gars,and di(poflett of Egypt by the A¢amulucks . But the’ Turke{h Empire thac was plan- sed in Perfia by Tangrolspi,and in thofe Eaftern countries, atter it had continued an hundred LIB. © === Zhe History of the Turks. aq hundred three-{core and ten years was utterly fubverted by the Tartars. A fierce and . 3 barbarous people, dwelling on the North of the mountain Caucafus : who oppreffed by famine, at the perfwafion of one Zingis, a Prophet of theirs, their Leader, and ho- noured by them with the ftile of Great Cham, like a violent inundation brake over thofe mounrains that had for many ages confin’d them, and over-fpread all the Eaft of Afia,even as far as the great Ocean. fetcata his fon built Quinfay in Chinaand Carit- baluin Gathata, making the laft named the feat of the Empire. Dividing his popus lous Army, fome he fent into the South, fome into the North, fome into the Weft; who fubdued the Aracofians; Margians Medes ,P erfians Parthians, Affyrians, Mefopo- tamians, Armenians, Colchians and Ibcrians:with whom the Turks not able to encoun- ter, quitted thofe countries ; and led by e4ladine one of the Selzuccian family» joyned themfelves with the countrey-men in the lefler ¢4/i2. Who took Cilicia from the Greeks, with the places adjoyning, then in wars with the Latines , firft planting the fear of their new kingdome in Sebajfia,and after at Iconium. Aladin left behind him two fons, Azadin,and Fathatine;they +3 ting out for the fovereignty,the younger was driven by the elder into exile.But A2adin dying, Fathatine returneth, and is received for Sui- tan. After flain in fingle combai by Theodorus Lafcaris the Greek Emperour. Another of that name fucceeded him ; whe, overthrown by the vitorious Tartars, and forced out of Jconiumhe Turks were at length conftrained to pay them tribute, and to be- come their liege-men. Fathatine dy ny in exile,the Great Cham divideth his kingdome betiveen Mafut and Ces-cubades( deicctded both of the Selznecian family ) as to his tri- burary vaffals. Thus this late mighty Empire,extinguifht in Egypt by the AZammalicks in the greater Afia by Tartars, as alfo in thé lefs was fora time deprived of all princi- pality. For nor long continued they onder the government of the aforefaid Princes 5 every one feizing ona part, according to the proportion of his power; and of the ruines of a Monarchy, ercéted an Anarchy. The bafer fort poffefling themfelves of the - ftraights of the mountains, by their many incurfions annoying the Chriftians ; and lia- ying given the Emperours Licurenant a bloudy overthrow in Papblagonia, over-ran all the countrey unto the river Sangarins; fubduing Pontus and Galatia; and South-ward unto the Lycian and Carian feas, and to the river Eurimedon, which they divided into feveral Toparchies. Now of chofe rwo-fore-named Princes , A4a/ue died iflue-lefs, bur Aladin fucceeded his father Cei-cubades, titular Lord of the whole, but tributary to the Tartar, the laft of the Se/zuccran ‘amily. He dying, Sabib the head Vefir ufurped . the Sovereignty ; yet heldit norlong. The Great ones fharing amongft them (as they had done the reft) the remainder of that dif-membred Kingdom. Bb Ottoman among thefe poffefled Siguta, a little Lordthip in Bichynia, Not feized an by force,but given by Aladin the firtt,unto his father Ertogriel thé fon of Solymam,jone of the Oguszian family, and once Sultan of Machan: who forfaking his Kingdom for fear of tHe Tartars, long led a wandring life with uncertain fortunes. But Evtogrie! turning into the lefler e4fa, requefted of ef/adin thar he would alloc fome corner of his fo large a Kingdom, for him, his diftrefled country-man, and his family to reft in. Who mindful of what himfelf had fuffered ( having befides ina battel almoft loft againft the Tartar, by his unexpeéted fupply of four hundred horfe, recovered the vi- ory ) afligned him this village to winter in, and the mountains ddjoyning for the fummering of his cattell, with fome command upon the frontiers. Where he long lived a quiet life, beloved both of Turks and Chriftians confining, for his peaceable nature and good offices done them. Dying in the fourfcore and thirteenth year of his age, and in the year of our Lord £289, he left three fons behind him, Fundas, Sarnga- fin, and this Ottorian,whom the Oguzzans eleéted for their governour. Now the Chri- ftians having done fome outrages to his people, he thereupon furprized divers of theit Caftles, overthrew the Greeks in fundry confli&ts, took front thém the City of Wice, for which he made many honours proffered by the latter Aladin, which whileit he lived he forbore to accept ¢ but dead, took upon him the title of Sultan, making Néa- polis his regall feat, inthe year 1300 to whichisto bereferred the beginning of the Ottoman government. Who in thofe feven and twenty yeats that he reigned, annexed Bithynia, Cappadocia, and moft of thofe ftrong holds that border on the Evxize fea to fis Kingdom. Him his fon Orchanes faceéeded, who teok the great City of Prufa, and honoured it with his'refidence. Having much enlarged his dominions, he dyed in the two and thirtieth year of his reign: religning his State to Ariurath his {on. He, Upon the diffention of the Greeks, firlt pafled over the ftraights into Europe ; tooked~ — bydos and Calippolis with the whole Cherfonefas. Thertentring further into T bracia,fub- dued Philppotes and Adrianople:and proceeding conquered Servia and Bulgariapatierh NES The Hiftory of the Turks. LIB.I. into the uppet eH yfia : and {tabbed by a common fouldier, in the. one and thirtierh year of his reign, was fucceeded by his fon Bajazet. He, poflelt of. the preateft part of Thrace, fubdued a large part of Greece with the countrey of Phoces ; twice but vainly, belieging Conftantsnople. Taken at length by Tambenlain, and carried about in an iron cage, he defperately brained himfelf in the year. 1399. his fon Calepine ( fome fay ) -focceeded him, attributing unto him fix years of government: elteemed by others but a fable ; who give the fucceflion to his youngeft fone Mahomet : the-caule of this diverlity of opinion, proceeding from the Turk(h Kingdom thus again fuppreffed by the Tartars. The many fons of Bajazet,and other Aabometan Princes, poflelt of feve- ral Provinces, and ftriving with one another for un-divided Sovereignty: by eALako- met at length was obtained: who united again that difmembred Empire: enlarging the fame with the acceflion of Dacia, Walachia, the greater part of Sclavonta and Ma- cedonia, even unto the Joman fea, Who tranflated the feat.of, his Empire from Prufa unto Adrianople, where he died, having reigned feventeen years; if thefame be ac- counted from the death of his father. His fon by the name.of Amurath the fecond ruled in his ftead - who conquered Epirus, Htolia, Attica, Beotia, Achaia, and Theffa- lonica.He left his ftate to Adabomer the fecond (after he had reigned eight and twenry, years ) whofe conquefts defervedly gave him the addition of Great : having utterly ruinated the Greek Empire, taken from them. Conftantinople theJmperial Gity, the Emperour Constantone being trod to death by the preafe of people in Adrianople gate, and thereby gained the Title of Emperour. He fubdued alfo the Empire of Trapezond, erected there by eLlexius Comnenus, at {uch time as the Greeks did lofe their European Empireto the Latins. Moreover, Athens, Corinth, all Peloponne[us, Bofaa, Lemnos, Eubora, eAMitylen, oc. and dyed not without fufpicion of poyfon, in the one and thirtieth year of his Empire. Bajazet the fecond, his fon, having ended his wars with his brother, conquered all Cilicia, a part of Armenia, with the reft of Cappadocia, which before belonged to the Carmanian Kingdome. He invaded Syria, but. with worfe fuccefs : and then converting his forces againit the Venetians, took from them Nanpattus, ~Methona, Dyrrachium, and almott depopulated Dalmatia. But in the fix and thirtierh year of his reign, he was poyfoned by a Few, at the procurement of Se- lymus his fon and fucceffor : ( who, befides the. civil wars with his father and bre- thren_) conquered all Syria and Egype from the ruinated eAfammualucksand brought Arabia under his fubjeGtion. After, intending to invade the Chriltians, he died ofa moft loathfome difeafe, when he had reigned eight years. His fon Solymaz taketh Kbodes, at feveral times over-runneth Hungary : poffeffing himfelf ‘of Buda, Strigo- nium, Alba regals : difpoffeffeth the Perfians of Tauris : and joyneth Babylog, with the countries of Adedia, Mefopotamia, and ed {fyria, to his Empire. Arabia is not free from his conquefts ; nor the Portugals in. India enough removed from the ‘reach of his ambition, He died in the fix and fortieth year of his reign. Selyinus” the. {e- cond fucceeded ; the only fon that. he had lefc un-murdered «who won by his Lieutenants Cyprus from the Venetians. They alfo enlarged his bounds with Fala chia, eMoldavia, and the Kingdome of Tunis. He reigned eight yeats. Him‘ dmzrath the third fucceeded : who warred. not in perfon, nor atchieyed much by his. depu- _ thes; yet reigned he nineteen years. Neither was ~W/ahomer the third his-fona foul- dier, being but once in the field, and thence terribly affrighted.. Nor enlarged ke his dominions by the valour of others: his forces being chietly ‘employed. in fupprefling of inteftine rebellions. He reigned eight years inglorionfly, and Jelt ‘the now reign- ing Achmet to fucceed him- the fourteenth Su/taz,and thé eighth Emperour of the Or- toman family-; who yet hath added nothing to his fo vaft an, Empire , the greateft that is, or perhaps that ever was from the beginning. For firft, the European part thereof extendeth Weft- wards unto the Arch-dukes of Aujfirsa’s dominions, ftretching to the Adriatick fea, by the confines of Ragufa, bounded on the South with the A/éditerra- eum, on the Eaft with Algenm, Propontss and Pontus, even to Theodofia; a City of the Scythian Cherfonefus;and on the North almoft co Rujfia and, Polonia:containing Roma- nia, Bulgaria Servia,Rafcia,the tributary principalities of Valachiajand Adoldavia, the greater part of Hungary ,Bo[na, Albania, Macedon, Epirus,all Grecia and Peloponnefus;all the fruitful Mlands of the A.gean fea.Ragufa payes tor her liberty: nor is Candie, Zant, or Cephalonia held without prefents. But what is this compared. to her ancient tetti- tories ¢ within which, all 2Vatolsais comprized; on the three ages embraced with the #gean,Enxine,and Cilician feas:containing the Provinces of Pontus ,G alatia Bithynia, Phrygia, Lycsa,P amphylia,Cilicia,C appadocia, and the lefler Armenia, beyond which alfo Colchrs thence firetching North-ward to €atai, and bounded on the Eaftsvith the ~ CQURs Lin De the Zurkifp policy. | ae countrey of the Georgians, whereof the Turks peffefs nor a litrle: A geeat part ic : alfo containeth of the greater Armenia: all Syria (in which Celeftria, Pheewicia, and Palefline, Babylonia, and Mefopotamia, Arabia felix which ftretcheth out into the South Sea, inverpofing the Perfiaz and Arabian Gulphs, do bow to that Soveraignty - fo do the inhabitants of Petrea and Deferta; fuch I mean as have known habita- tions? Ine 4freca it extendeth all along the coafts of the eMediterraneum , even from the Red Sea, to Acrath, a City of AZanritania (except {ome few places poflelt by the Spaniard ) wherein is the countrey of the Troglo dyres, the miraculoully fertile Kingdom of Egypt, Trspoly in Barbary, the Kingdom of Tums, and City of Argiers with her territories, with the tributary Kingdoms of Feffe and Adorocco. To this add Cyprus, Rhodes, and all the fertile Iflands of the mid-land Sea, that lie Eaft of Candy. Thus great at this day is the Ottoman Empire ; but too great for it are their afflumed - titles: as, God on Earth, fhadow of God, fole Monarch of the World, King of Kings, Commander of all that can be commanded, Soveraign of the moft noble Families of Perfia, and Armenia, Pofleflor of the holy Cities of Adecca and Ferufalem, Lord of the black and white Seas, Sultan of Babylon ; and fo proceeding with a re- petition of their feveral Kingdomes. Like {welling attributes gave this now ~ "reigning Sulsam to our Soveraign in a Letter writ lately, which I will infert for the _ ftrangenefs. : Uno the moft glorious and moft mighty King Fames one of the Great Lords of the crea-- tion of Fefus and mojt laudable among ft all the ‘Princes of the Nation’ of Mdeffiasa Fudge of all debates and differences of the people of Nazarets, Poffeffor of the great majefty, riches atid glory, a Fudge of the most great Kings of England, ec. farcing his letter _ with lise fuftain, calling‘hs:own Court, Our moft happy and {hining Port, a Port of refuge-for theworld': and {ubfcribing, From our impertal refidence of Conftantinople,moft firongly and mightily guarded. Yer in his own ftile more modeft, containg no more then Sultan Achmet Chan: fon toe Mahomet Chan most invincible. Bucthe barbarous policy whereby this tyranny is fuftained, doth differ from all other : guided by the heads, and itrengthned by the hands of his flaves, who think it as greatan honour to be fo, as they do with us that ferve the Courts of Princes: the natural Turk ( to be fo called a reproach ) being rarely employed in command or fervice.. Among thefe flaves there is no nobility of blood, no known parentage, kindred, nor hereditary pofleffions; but are as it were of the Sultans creation, depending upon him only for their fuftenance‘and preferments, who difpofeth, as well of their lives as their fortunes, by no other rule then that of his will, although fometimes for form he ufeth the affent of the never gain-faying Mufti, Thefe are the fons of Chriftians (and thofe the moft complearly furni- fhed by natire ) taken in their child-hood from their miferable parents, by a leavy made every five years (or oftner, or feldomer; as uccafion requireth ) throughout the whole Empire, ( excepting certain priviledged places, amongft which are Sio and Conflantinople ) who are beftowed in feveral Seminaries, inftru@ied ‘in the | Mabometan Retigion ( changing their names upon their circumcifion ) taught the ufe of their feveral weapons, and made patient of hunger and labour, with inured abftinence, and continual exercife.. Thefe they call firft Femoglans, who have their faces fhaven (the token of fervitude, ) wearing long coats and copped caps, not unlike to our Ideots. The choifeft of them for {pirit and feature, and after a-while received into the Grand Signiors Seraglio: diftinguifhed by chambers like to thofe in Hofpitals, according to their feniorities : where all are brought up in the difci- pline of war, and nota few acquainted with the fecrets of State: fuch as by the ex- cellency of their gifts do aflure the expeétation of a future eminency ; thofe of the firft chamber are the firft preferred; yer not in otder, but according to the worth of the place, and worthinefs of the perfon. Of thefe come the Beglerbegs ( the name fignifying a,Lord of Lords ) of whomthere be only two: the one ot Greece, and the other of Aatolia: who command all the horfmen in thofe countries urider the Generall - the great Baffas, (whereot fome are Generalls of Armies,fome Vizers of the Port, the reft Vice-roys of the Provinces : ) the Sanzsacks governours of Gities, for fo the name fignifieth, with their territoriesand forces, and other officers both of war and peace, with thofe of the Court of principal place and attendance. Of the other Femoglaus {ome come to the Chiaufes ; who go on Embaflies, execute Commandements ; and are as Purfuivanes, and under-Sheriffs, attending the imploy- mentof the Emperour ; ( who mounted on horf-back carry Dabuzes, a weapon like a Mace, before him ) and on the Courts of Juftice : foliciting alfo the i of 3 Bika Bo : their Some fay Lhe Turkifb policy and forces. |§ LI B.Y, their clients. But the Spachies and Fanizaries which are moft made of thefe Femor glans (the principal caufe of their inftitution ) are the nerves and fupporters of the Turkifh Monarchy. The Spachies are horfemen weaponed for the moft part at once with bow, mace, lance, harquebufh, and cymiter, whereof they have the feveral ufes: agreeing with their fights, their flights, or purfuements. For defence fome wear bucklers, and thirts of male. The skirts of their coats, when they ride, are ga- thered within Jong Stammels brogs that reach to their ankles; and there do joyn to their buskins fhod with iron; and fupply the want of fpurs with their large and tharp ftirrops. Their fadles are plated behind and before, the fear deep and hard: and for capatifon they ufe for moft parc the skinnes of Leopards, Lions, Tygers, Panthers, and the like. In Cities when on foot they wear gowns of Stammel with long hanging fleeves : and are diftinguifhed from others by the fold- ing up of their Shathes. Of thefe there be two forts: the Uleffigi, which is to fay, fti- pendiary, who are al-moft altogether made of thefe Femoglans , and the Témarsors, who confit of all forts of people. The firft as yet un-preferred,under the command of feveral Captains, do attend upon the immediate imployment of the Emperour : who alloweth unto each the daily penfion of ten Afpers, paid them every quar- ter. Of thefe there be two and thirty thoufand. The one half of them are called Spabeisglans, who wear red pendants on their {pears, and when in the field, march onthe right hand the Salean ; as the other on the left, who are called Silbtarfpabess, bearing yellow and white pendants. The other difperfed throughout the whole Empire, do live upon their particular tenements for term of life afligned them ; and thereupon fo called. Ir being the policy of his State to ereét in the conquered countries a number of ‘Timariots, anfwerable to the greatnefs thereof : whereby the principal part of the fouldiery is provided for, and the Empire {trengthened, both againft foreign invafions and revolts of the fubdued. Of thefe, as they fay, shere are a there are upward of feven hundred thoufand, every one being to find as many snillion. horfe as his farm doth double the yearly value of fixty Sulrames: ready to be commanded by their feveral Zanziacks , as they by their Baffas : thefe bear on their lances white and red pendants. But the Fanizaries (a name that fignifeth new fouldiery ) at thofe that bear fuch great fway in Conftantinople: infomuch that the Sultans themfelves have been fometimes fubjeét to their infolencies. They are divided into feveral companies, under feveral @aptains : but all com- manded by their Aga, a place of high truft, and the third in repute through the Empire: howbeit, their too much love is to him an affured deftruétion. Thefe are the flower of the Turkifh infantery, by whom fuch wonderfull viétories have been atchieved. They call the Emperour father (for none other is there for them to depend on ) to whofe valour and faith in the time of war he committeth his perfon: they having their ftations about the Royal pavillion. They ferve with har- quebufhes, armed belides with cymiters and hatchets. They wear on their heads a bonnet of white felt, with a lap hanging down behind to their fhoulders ; ador- ned about the brows with a wreath of metal, guilt, and fer with ftones of fmall va- Ine, having a kind of fheath or focket of the fame ereéted before, wherein fuch are faffered to ftick plumes of feathers as have behaved themfelves extraordinary bravely. They tuck up the skirts of their coats when they fight, or march: and carry certain dayes provifion of viétuals about with them. Nor is it a cumber : it being no more than a fmmall portion of rice, and a little fugar and hony. When the Emperor is not inthe field, the moft of them refide with him in the City: ever at hand upon any occafion to fecure his perfon, and areas were the Pretorsan cohorts with the Romans. They are in number abouc forty thoufand: whereof the greater part (I mean of thofe that attend on the Court ) have their being in three large Serraglies , where the Juniors do reverence their Seniors, and all obey their feveral commanders (as they their Aga) with much filence and humility. Many of them thar are married ( abreach of their firft inftitution ) have their private dwellings : and thofe tharare bufied in foreign imployments, are for the moit part placed. in fuch garrifon towns as do greatly concern the fafety of the Empire. Some are appointed to attend on Ambafladors: other to guard fuch particular Chriftians as will be at the charge, both about the Gity, and in their travels, from incivilities and violences, to whom they are in themfelves moft faithfull : wary and cruell, in preventing and revenging their dangers and injuries : and fo patient in. bearing abufes, that one of them of late being ftrucken by an Englifhman ( whofe humorous fwageering would permit him never to review his countrey ) as they travelled a- ! | long LIB, I. The Turkifo forces. long through AdZorea, did not onely not revenge it, nor abandon him to the pillage and out-rages of others, in fo un-known and favage a countrey ; but condu@ed him unto Zane in fafery, faying, God forbid that the villany of another, fhould make him betray the charge thar was committed to bis truit. They are all of one trade or other. The pay that rhey have from the Grand Signsor is but five Afpersa day-yer their elder fons as foon as born are inrolled, and received into pention: but his bounty. extendeth no further unto his progeny, (the reft reputed asnatural Turks ): nor is 3 Fanizary capable of other preferments then the command of ten, of twenty,. or of an hundred. They have yearly given them two. gowns a-piece, the one of Violet cloth and the other of Stammell ; which they wear in the City: carrying in theér hands a reat cough reed, fome feven foot long, and tipped with filvers the weight whereof is not feldome felt but fuch as difpleafe them. Who are indeed fo awful, that Juftice darenot proceed publiquely again{t them, (they being only to be judged by their Aga:) but being privately attached, are as privately thrown into the fea in the nighe time- But chen are they moft tumultuous, (whereto,they doe give the name of affe- &ion) upon the dangerous ficknefles of their Emperors =,.and upon their deaths com- micmany outrages. Which is the canfe that the great Bajas as well as they can,do con. ceal it from them, untill all things be provided for the prefentment. of the next for them to falute. Whereupon (belides the prefent largefs )they have an Afper 2 day in- creafe of penfion : fo thar the longer they live, and the more Emperors they ont-live the greater is their allowance. | | sitilogani tts eagle aie, Bur it isto be confideyed, that all chefe: before-namied, are not otiely of that tri bute of children. For not a few of them are captives taken in thei child-hood 5 with divers Renegadoes, that have moft wickedly quitted their Religion and Goun- arey, tofight againft both: whoare tothe Chriftians: che moft terrible adverfaries. ‘And withail they have of late infringed their ancient cuftomes, by the admitting of thofe into thefe orders, that are neither the fons nor prand-fons of Chriftians : ana- sural Turk, born in Conftamrinople, before never known, being now a Baffe of the Port. | | Over and: above thefe, and befides the auxiliary: Tatars; whereof there are lightly three-fcore thoufand (who live on fpoile, and ferve without pay) that are ever affiftant 5 the Grand Signer hath other forces whom they call Achings, who have nothing but what they can get by forraging, being Hindes of the Courtrey, and tied to ferve on horfe-back for certain priviledges that they hold, in number about thirty or forty thoufand, but {mall in value : as'are the Axapi, who ferve on foot (yer properly belonging to. the Gallies) better acquainted with the f{pade then fword ;. thruft forward with’ purpofe rather to weary, then to vanquifh che enemy ; whole dead bodies doe ferve the Fanizavies to fill up ditches, and to mount the walls of affaulted fortrefles.: befides' many voluntaries, who follow. - the Army in hope to fucceed the flain Spaheis, and Fanizaries : Now nothing curious at fuch a time to receive thofe that be not the fonnes'of Chriftians into the Order. Such are the Turkijh forces, both in. quality and proportion ; and he that fhall fee three hundred. thoufand. of thefe in an Army (as he might have done this laft Summer in Bithynia) {fo difciplined, fo appointed, and fo daringly re-; folute ; whofe onely repute confiftsin their valours , and whofe defeats are punifh- ed in their Commanders as offences: furnifhed with fuch abundance of great their former aufterity of life,and fimplicity of manners. Their yalours now meeting on ; eSEity OF ME ImIpiic EeEaee y Ms “¢ Wo 46 oe Lhe Turkifb forces. LIB. {, all fides with oppofition ; having of late given no encreafe to their dominions : and ° Empire fo got, when it ceafeth ro increafe, doth beginto diminifh. Laftly, in that it hath exceeded the obferved period of a Tyranny, for fuch is. their Empite. Now when-they march, the Tartars doe {cowre the country two days journey before : then follow the Achings; after them the Timariots, next thofe few Femeglans that be , nexr them the Fanizaries;the Chanfes follow on horfe-back,(who carry bowes and arrowes belides their maces and cimyters #) then comes ‘the Sultan with the Officers of his Court, and archers of his guatd-who are footmengs the {tipendary Saphezs marching on either fide of hims An hundred’coaches:coveréd with red, with four horfes a piece,are drawn after, which carry the Hicoglans (his Pages) and Eunuches : about thefe the Femoglans called Baltagies are plated The catriages of the Army enfue ; followed by voluntaries, who go in hope (as before-faid) to be entertained in the rooms of the flain, with the fervants of the Sapbecs in the Court,and certain Famzaries, At-toglans Lepalers andDevygilers. The Fantzaries have boots, {words of wood,and the like born before them for their énligns-: and the royall Standard isno other then a horfe-taile ryed to the end of a ftaffe :-which though feeming rude, and anfwerable to their ori- ginal, doth retain, perhaps fomething of Antiquity. For Homer fticketh the like in the creft of the gallantly-armed (though not fo {pirited) Parzs. Capiti autem forti galeam affabre fa@am impofuit. Then puts he ona helme well wrought, bravé Criftatam ex fetis equinius :horribilis autem crifta deluper Pjymn’d with hor{ehairs that horribly did wave rautabat. Il. 1.3. As for their forces at fea,they are but {mall in comparifon of what they have been, and compared to thofe of particular Chriftian Princes, but contemptible. Approved by the Florentine, who with fix fhips onely hath kept the bottome of the Straights for thefe three years paft in defpite of them : infomuch as they have not dared to ha- zatd the revenue of Egypr by fea.But have fent it over land with a guard of Souldiers, to their no {mall trouble and expences : the whole Armado coming often in view, yet not fo hardy as to adventure the on-fer. The Admirall having thought it a fafer courfe to employ the Pirats of Tans and e4igiers in that fervice,who have many tall fhips (the fpoyle of Chriftian Merchants) and warlikely appointed : now grown ex- pert in navigation, and all kind of Sea fights, by the wicked inftru€tion of our fugi- tive Pirats, and other Renegadoes. But thofe Pirats have no heart to fuch an enter- prize, where the victory would prove fo bloudy, and the booty fo worthlefs. The Navy that is yearly fet forth in the beginning of AZzy, to annoy the enemy, fupprefs Pirats, colleét tribute, and reform diforders in the Maritine towns that beloug to the Admiralty ; confifts of not above three-fcore gallies: which are all that can be fpared from their other places of imployment. And that there be no more is faid to proceed from the want of captives, by reafon of their general peace with the Chrifti- ans: for fach, and fuch as are condemned-for offerices, are only chained to the Oare, except the neceflity be urgent. As for matter to build with, they want none : no more dothey work-men: many excellent in that art, and thofe Chriftians, being inticed from all pares with liberal penfions to workintheir Arfenals. The Captain Bajf (for fo is the Admiral called) when notin fervice, hath his relidence in Con/fantino- ple and Gallzopoli. A man in regard of his place, of principal repute: and commanding the commanders of Gallipolt, Galata,Lemnos,Nicomedia, Lesbos, Chios, Naxus,Eubea, Rhodes, Cavalla, Nauplia, Lepanto, Cyprus, and Alexandria. In Ofober he revurneth from his annual circuit : as he did now during our abode inthe City, and entred the haven in triumph. The gallies:divided into fundry {quadrons, and tricked all in their gallantry ; rowing at their fternes three or four little veflels no bigger then fifher- boais. A ridiculous glory, and a prize ro be afhamed of. Butit was thought that the Grand Signior would have given him but abad welcome, that durft not adventure qith fuch ods of number on the be-calmed Florentines. During the winter the Armado is difperfed, and the gallies are drawn into their dry ftations.In which time the Pirats, both Ghriftians and Mahometan, doe rob on the A:gean and eediterrancan un-con- trolled, but by the defenfive ftrength of the aflailed. | Thus ‘i 4 LIB. I. | The Turkifh forces. ar Thus is the Great Turk ferved by thofe whom he may advance without envy; and deftroy without danger. The beft of chem living a wandring and un-happy life, re- moved from one command to another , and to parts fo far diftant, chat often. more time is {pent in their journey thenin their abode. The greateft Gommander, and in the ftrength of his Command fubmitting his neck unco the executioners bow- firing, whenfent by the Tyrant with the fatall box that includech the commiflion. Nor booteth it to refift in hope of partakers, when one mans preferment is built on the defired overthrow of another = being alfo, as is faid before, without kindred on alliance ; fo that rebellions do but rarely happen. And although thefe great flaves at-' tain to great riches, yer are they (as it were) but the collectors thereof for his treafure: whither at their deaths it returneth, all, fave what it pleafeth him to beftow on their pofterity:who never are advanced to eminent place, it being a caufe of the greater neg- ' Jeét to have had excellent parents, as to them of ruine to be beloved in their govern- ments. Nay, fo much the continuance of honours in families are avoided, that when a Bafa is given (for fo I may term it) to the fifter or daughter of a Sultan for an huf- band, the children begotten on them doe moft rarely rife above the degree of a pri- vate Captain. but more fevere are thefe Tyrants to their own, who lop all the branches from the bole ; the un-natural brother folemnizing his fathers funerals with” the flaughters of his brothers. So fearful are they of rivality, and fo damnably poli-+ tick; making all things lawfull that they may fecure the perpetuity of their Empire. Nor now to feck in thofe precepts of Photinus, Scepters doe lofe their fway when Kings grow juft : Sceptorum vis tota petit, fi pendere jufta Refpett s of honefty, towres tomb in duft. _ Incipit : evertitque arces refpectus honefti. oie : Libertas fcelerum eft que regna invifa tuetur? Free villanies abated reign affure ; Sublatufque modus gladiis, facere omnia fave And {words fell drawn : dire deeds do but fecure — Non impune licet nifi quum facis: exeat aula. The coor whileft a doing. Courts fhun they Qui valt effe pius : virtus & fumma. poteftas _ That would be good. Vertue and foveraign Sway. tee cocunt, femper metuet quem feva pudes Stil jarve. Still feare he whons foul fatts difmaye SBE 2 Licat V8" Yet they mourne for thofe being dead, whom they murdered : honouring them with all dues of burial, and caltomary lamentations. Now if the Ottoman line fhould faile, the Crim Tartar isto facceed (both being of one Family: and of one Religion: ) as the Turkthe Tartar 5 who hath at this day the eleétion of the Tarta- vian Emperors 3 but with this limitation, thathe is to be of one of the fons of the deceafed. | Their Morall and Ecclefiafticall Laws, the Turks doe receive from eAMabomet the Saracen law-giver: a man of obfcure parentage, born in traripa Village of Arabia, inthe year 551. His Father was a Pagan, his Mother a Jew both by birth and Religion. At the firft he exercifed merchandize; having by the marriage of his miftrefs (not effected, as was thought, without witch-craft) attained to much riches : where- upon he became a Captain of certain voluntary e4rabians that followed the Emperor Heraclivs in his Perfian wars. Who falling into.a mutiny, for that they. were deny- ed the military garment ; and incenfing the reft of their Nation with the reproachful an{wer given them by the Treafurer, which was, That that ought not to be given unto dogs, which was ordained for the Romane fouldier ; apart of them chofe A42- homet for their ring-leader, who had aggravated their difcontents, and confirmed them in their rebellion.. But being difdained by the better fort forthe bafenefle of his birth ; toavoid enfuing contempt, he gave it out, that he attained. not to that honour by military favour, but by divine appointment. That he was fent by God to give anew Law unto Mankind; and by force of arms to reduce the world unto his obedience. That he was the laft of the Prophets, being greater then Chrift,as Chrift was greater then «/ofes. Two years together he lived ina cave, not far diftant from eM ecca,where he compiled his damnable doétrine,by the help of one Sergius a Neffo- rian Monk, and eAbdallaa Jew : (containing ahodg-podge of fundry Religions : ) which he firft communicated to his wife, perfwading her that it was delivered him by the Angel Gabriel, who had cut open his heart, and taken from thence the little black core (which the Turks doe affirm to be in the heart of every man) wherein the devill doth plant his temptations : and fhewed him withall the joyes and myfteries of Paradife. His new Religion by little and little he divulged in A@ccca ; countenanced by the powerfull alliance which he had by his fundry wives: and followed by many ofihe vulgar, allured with the liberty thereof, and delighted with the bias ; E 2 sue 42 Ma bomet. L161, But the Nobles of AZecca going about to apprehend him, he fléd to AZedina, not two dayes journey diftant ; whether followed by a number, wicked of life, and defperate of fortunes, he waged a fuccefsfull war againft the Syrians ; planted his Religion amongft the vanquifhed: and after making himfelf Lord of eesca, made that the place of his refidence. Where he died in the great Climacterical year of his age, having made them believe, that the third day after he would afcend into heaven: whereupon he was kept above ground till the ayre was infe€ted with his favour, and then buryed at Medina. Anotherpromife he made concerning his return, which fhould have been a thoufand years after: which the edahometans excufe as mif-under{tood, by reafon of his feeble voice, even then a dying ; and rhat he did fay two thoufand é to which timethey have prorogued their expeétations. Mean of ftature he was, and evil-proportioned : having ever a fcald head, which (as fome fay ) made him wear a white Shafli continually ¢ now worn by his Sefaries. Being much fubje& to the falling ficknefs, he made them believe that it was a prophetical trance; and that then he converfed with the Angel Gabriel. Having alfo taught a Pigeon to feed at his ear, he affirmed it to be the holy Ghoft, which informed him in divine precepts. Not un- like co Wuma’s fained familiarity with AXgerta and Pythagoras his Eagle;whofe polic perhaps he imitated : whereby as they the Romazs and Crotonians fo drew he the i eArabians to a fuperititious obedience. For he had a fubile wit, though vicioufly em- ployed; being naturally inclined to all villanies; Amongft the reft, fo infatiably leacherous, that he countenanced his incontinency witha law: wherein he declared it, not only to be nocrime to couple with whom-foever he liked, but an a@ of high honour to the party, and infufing fanétiry. Thus planted he his irreligious Religion, being much affifted by the iniquities of thofe times: the Chriftian eftate then miferably divided by multitudes of herefies. So that the dif-wnity of the profef- fors, made many to fufpect the profeflion, and to imbracea dodtrine fo indulgent to their affeftions. Which enlarging as the Saracens and Turks enlarged their Empires, doth at this day well-nigh over-run three parts of the earth ; of that I] mean that hath civil inhabitants. Yet are the AZabometans divided into threefcore and twelve Seéts, Iprung from the two fountains. Of that named Jmamia,the P erfians are drunk ; of the other, called Leftare, the Syrians, Arabians, Turks, and Africans. The Alcoran, which containeth the fum of their Religion, is written in e4rabick rhime, without due proportion of numbers : and muft neither be written nor read by them in any other language. Befides the pofitive doétrine, ( to it felf contradi@o- ry ) itis farced with Fables, Vifions, Legends, and Relations. Nor is it at this day the fame that was written by e/abomer, ( although fo credited to be by the vulgar: } many things being fecretly putin, and thruftout; and fome of the repugnancies re- conciled by the fucceeding Caliphs. Adabomer the fecond is faid to have altered it much and added much to it. This book is held by them in no lefs veneration, than the Old Teftament by the Jews, and the New by theG@hriftians. They never touch it with un-wath’d hands ; and a capital crime it is, inthe reading thereof to miftake a letter,on difplace the accent. They kiffe ir, imbrace it, and {wear by it: calling it, The book, of Glory, and director untoParadife. To {peak a little of much; they teach that God is only to be worfhipped, onely one, and the Creator of all: righteous, pitti. ful , in wifdome and power incomprehenfible. How God made man of all forts and colours of earth; and being formed, for thoufand of years laid hima baking in the Sun, until he was pleafed to breath life intohim. Then commanded he all his An- gels to reverence him : which the Devil at that time an Angel of light, -refufed to do; expoftulating why he fhould fo honour that creature whom he knew would become fo polluted with all manner of ( by him particularized ) vices. That God therefore condemned the Devil to hell; who ever fince hath continued an enemy to man. Idolatry they hold to be the moft accurfed of crimes, and therefore they inter- dict all Images and counterfeits whatfoever; reputing the Chriftians Idolaters, for that they have them in their Ghurches and houfes : imagining alfo thar we worfhip three Gods, as not apprehending the myftery of the Trinity. They deny the Divinity of Chrift, yet confefs him to be the fon of a Virgin: AZary conceiving by the {mell | of a rofe which was prefented her by the Angel Gabriel , and that the bare him ar her breafts. They hold him tobe a greater Prophet than Afofes ; and the Gofpel’ better than the Law : infomueh as no : ae can turn Turk, until he firft turn Chriftian, they d Virgin was free from original finand the temprations of the devil LIB, 1. Zhe Mabometan Religions devill. Chrift is called inthe Alcoran,, the breath and word of God; faid to know the fecrets of hearts, toraife the dead to life, cure difeafes, reftore fight to the blind, and fpeech to the dumb : and that his Difciples wrought miracles by his vertue. Yet vifit they not his fepulchre in their pilgrimages (not thinking himto have dyed) as penerally bruited. For being, as they fay, led toward the place of execution, God not permitting fo bafea people to put to death foholy a Prophet (for they confefs that he never finned) did aflume him into heaven: when mift, and fought by the fouldiers in the throng, they laid hold of one of the Judges that had condemned him; who refembled him much in favour and proportion, telling him that he fhould not efcape from them again ; and fo not believing whatfoever he faid, did execute him in his room. They fharply punifh all fuch as blafpheme him ; and fay that he fhall return to judgement about forty years before the worlds ending: The holy Ghoit they acknowledge; yet not to be diftin& in perfon, but onely as a power and opera- tive vertue in the God-head, which infpireth good motions into the heart, the pro- ducer of good aétions. ‘They are commanded feven times a day to refort unto pub= like prayers: the firft aflembling is called Tomgil-namas, which is two hours before day : the fecond Sabab-namas, at day break: the third Vyle-namas at noon: the fourth Kyndi-namas at three of the clock:the fift e¢ksbam-namas after Sun-fet-the fixth Cho- gic-namas, two hours within night : and the feventh Gisma-nansas,at ten of the clock in the morning: the Jaft alfo on Fridays obferved by all,on the other days but by the — more religious. Congregated they are as aforefaid by the chanting of the Prieft from the tops of {teeples: at which times lightly though they bein the fields, they will {pread their upper garments on theearth, and fall totheir devotions. Moreover; I have feen them con-joyntly pray in the corner of the ftreets, before the opening of their fhops inthe morning. Friday istheir Sabbath, and yet they {pend but a part thereof in their devotion, and the reftin recreations : but for that time they obferve it fo rigoroufly, that a Turkhere lately had his ears nailed to his fhop-board for ope- ning ittootimelys Before they pray, they wath all the organs of their fenfes ; their Jegs co their knees, and their armes to their elbowes: their privities after their purging of nature ; and fometimes all over from top totoe: for which there are houfes of office with conduits belonging to every principal Mofque. Where water is wan- ting they doe it with duft, At the dore of the Mofque they put off their fhooes ; and entring, fit crofs-legged upon rows of mats one behind another, the poor and the rich promifcuoufly. The Prieft ina pulpit before them, not otherwife diftinguifhed inhabit, but by the folding up of their Turbant. Whenthey pray they turn their faces towards Adecca:firft {tanding upright, without any motions of their bodies,hol- ding the palmes of their hands upward , fometimes they {top their eyes and ears, and oft pull their hair on the fides of their faces: then thrice they bow, asin their falue’ tations ; and as often proftrating themfelves on the earth, do kifs it. Doing this fun- dry times, they will look back upon no occafion, untill they come unto the faluta- tion Of Adabomet : at which time they reverfe their faces, firft over the right fhoul- der, and then over the left, believing that his coming will be behind them when they areat theirdevotion. The Prieft doth fometimes read unto them fome pare - of the Alcoran (holding it, inreverence ro the book, as high as his chin,) fome- times fome of their fabulous Legends, intermixing expofitions, and inftru@tions ¢ which they hearken unto with heedy attention, and fuch {teddy poftures of body as if they wereintranced. Their Service is mixed with fongs and refponfes: and whenall is done they {troke down their faces and beards with lookes of devout gravity.: If they find a paper in the ftreets, they will chruft it in fome crevice of the adjoyning wall, imagining that the name of God may be contained therein, and then prophane to be trod under foot, or otherwifedefiled. They num- ber their often repetition of the Names of God and his Attributes (with other fhore ejaculations of prayer or prafe ) upon beads: fome fhaking their -heads inceffantly, untill they turn giddy: perhaps in imitation of the fuppofed trances (but natu- tall infirmity) of their Prophet. And they have an Order of Monks, who are called Dervifes, whomThave often feen to dance in their Mofques on Tuefdayes and Fridayes; many together, to the found of Barbarous Mufick ; dances that con- fift of continual turnings, untill at a certain ftroke they fall upon the earth; and lying along like beafts, are thought to be raptin fpirit unto celeftial converfati- ons. Now the women are not permitted to come into their Temples Cyet have they fecret places to look in thorow grates) partly for troubling their devotions, but efpecially forthatthey are not excifed, as are the women of Perfia and — Or $ Ade Zhe Mabometan Religion. a ia a Nor circumcife they the males untill they be able to anfwer the Prieft, and promife for themfelves.: which is for the moft part at the age of eight. They are circumcifed in the houfes of their parents, at a feftivall meeting, and inthe midft of the Affembly, the child holding up his fore-finger, in token that he is a AZahometan. As {oon as cut, the Prieft wafheth the wound in watet and falt, and bindeth it in linnen.Who chang- eth not his name, bur is from thence-forth called a Aduffelman : which isa true be- liever. This done, heis carryed unto the Baza, where his hair (before that time worn at full length ) is fhaven, and fo kept ever after :all faving a lock on the top of his crown, by which,they dream that they fhall be aflumed by J4ahomer into Para- dife : then put they on hima white Turbant ; and fo returning with drums and ho- boys, is with great folemnity conducted to the Mofque, and prefented with gifts ac- cording to his quality: The Turks doe faft one monethin the year, which they call Ramazan : which changeth yearly, (fo that in thirty years they faft one) wherein, they fay, thac the Alcoran was delivered unto S4abemet by the Angell. Obferved by all but the infirm and travellers: who are ro faft for as long a time, when fo they recover, of come to the end of their journey. Butthey faft but during the day: in the night they feaft ; and then all their fteeples {tuck round with lampes, which burne till - the morning : affording an object of great folemnity. Suchas inftead of abftaining from (meats, doe abftain at chat time from their Mofques, they carry about in {corne, and feverely chaftife : but fuch as then drink wine, they punifh with death. Upon the difcovery of the New Moon (which they fuperftitioufly gratulate, efteem- ing him happy that difcovereth it firt, and by the courfe thereof do reckon their year ; ) falling out this year on the feventh of December, the feaft of the Great By- ram did begin; which doth continue for three dayes together : obferved by them as Eafter is with us. Onthe firftday the Grand Sigmior rode to Santta Sophia in all the pompe and glory of Empire : of which we fhall {peak hereafter Upon his re- turn we faw a fort of Ghritians, fome of them half earth already, crooked with age, and trembling with pallies ; who by the throwing away of their bonnets and lifting up of their fore-fingers,did proffer themfelves to become A4abomerans. A fight full of horror and trouble, to fee thofe defperate wretches that had profefled Chrift all their life, and had fuffered, no doubt, for his fake much contumely and oppreflion, now almoft dy ing,to forfake their Redeemer, even then when they were to receive the reward of their patience. To thefe the Tyrant a little retired his body : who be- fore not fo much as caft his eye afide, but fate like the adored ftatue of an Idol. For they hold a great grace, and an act of fingular piety, to draw many to their Re- ligion ;* prefenting them with mony, change of raiments, and freeing them from all tribuce and taxes. Infomuch that if a Chriftian have deferved death by their law, if he will convert, they. will many times remit his punifhment. But they com- pellno man. Daring this feftivall they exercife themfelves with various paftimes : but none more in ufe, and more barbarous, then the {winging up and downe, as boyes doe in bell-ropes, for which there be gallowfes (for they bear thar form) of an exceeding height, ereéted in fundry places of the City: when by two joyning ropes, thatarefaftned above, they will fwing themfelves as high as the tranfome. Perhaps affected in chat it ftupifies the fenfes fora feafon: the caufe that opium is fo much inrequeft, and of their forefaid fhaking of their heads, and continued turnings. In regard whereof they have fuch as have loft their wits, and natural Ideots, in highveneration ; as men ravifhed in fpirit, and taken from rhemfelves,as it were, to the f ellowfhip of Angels. Thefe they honour with the title of Saints, and lodge them in their Temples : fome of them going almoft ftark naked ; others clothed in fhreds of feveral colours ; whofe neceflities are fapplyed by the peoples devoti- ons: who kiffe their garments as they pafle thorow the {treets, and bow to their be- nediétions. Yea, many by counterfeiting the Ideot, have avoided punifhment for of- fences which they have un-wittingly fallen into. Whileft the Byram lattech, you can- not ftir abroad but you fhall be prefented by the Dervifes and Fanizaries, with tulips and trifles, befprinkling you with {weet water; nor ceafe fo to doe, till they have drawn reward from you. The Turks are incouraged toalmes by their Alcoran, as acceptable to God, and meritorious in it {elf if given without vain-glory, and of goods well-gotten : al- leaging it tobea emptation of the devils to i « Sea almes for fear of im- poverifhment. Ttheir more publique almes confift in facrifices (if not fo wrongful- ly termed) upon their feltivalls, or performance of vowes : when theep and oxen are {lain og Lipa: The Mohometan Religion: 45 flain by the Prieft and divided among{t the poor ; the owners not fomuch as retaj. ning.a part thereof. They fay; they give much in private: and intruth, I have feen but few beggers amongtt them. Yet fometimes fhall you meet in the ftreees with cou- ples chained together by the neck : who beg to fatisfie their creditors in part, and are at the-years end releafed of their bonds; provided that they make fatisfaQion if they prove afterward able. Att their deaths they ufually give legacies for the releafe of frifoners, the freeing-of bord-flaves, repairing of bridges, building of Hanés for the relief of paflengers: and: the great men, to the ereéting of Mofques and Hofpicalls ; which they build not feldome in their life time: But A¢zhomet the Great, and Solyman the Magnificent, have in that kind exceeded all others: whofe ftately and fumptuous itruétures doe givea principal ornament tothe City ; where the fick and impotent are provided for, andthe {tranger entertained ; (for here be no Inns:) the revenue of that of eAlahomers amounting to an hundred and fifty thouland Siltanies. To thefe there belong Phylicians, Ghyrurgeons, Apothecaries. , The charge thereof is com- mitted unto their Priefts ¢ who bring up a certain number of youths in the AZabome- tan law , and frequently pray for the departed fouls of the Founders in the Chappells, of their Sepulchres. They extend their charity to Chriftians and Jews, as well as to them of their own religion - nay birds and beaits have a tafte thereof. For many only, to letthem. loofe will buy birds in cages ; and bread to give unto dogs. Thefe have in this City no parcicular owners 5 being reputed an un-clean creature,and therefore nor fuffered ro.come into. their houfes : thinking: it neverthelefs a deed of piety, to feed, and provide them kennels to licter inj moft of them repairing to the fea-fide nightly, where they keep fuch a howling, that if the wind fit South-ward, they may be eafily heard to the upper fide ofthe City of Pera. ' With the Szoicks they attribute all accidents to deftiny, and conftellations at birth, and fay with the Tragediaz,; ts Fares guide us : unto Fates yield we. Fatis agimur : cxdite Fatis: Ss >) : Bake: Care cannot alter their decree. Non follicite poflunt cure, Mutare rati ftaminafuf or wh fluffer, wha ghey are . uy For what we fujfer, what we doe, Quidquid patimur mortale genus? C aele/tial orbs, proceeds jrom Obs Quidquid facimus, venit ex alto, eAlll goe in a prefixed Way. Omnia certo tramite vadunt, The firft pref{cribeth the laft day. _ Primulque dies dedit extremum; 4 : ts iy VASE 2 SE SO Te Senec, in Ocdi, affirming that their ends were written in their fore-heads : Thereby freed from deaths affright,, —~—Quos ile timer um ify The worft of fears, thence take they heart to fight Maximus haud urget lechi metus; inde ruendi . . In ferrum mens prona yviris. And ruth on fteel Lucan betas cons fince it can be neither haftened nor avoided: being withal perfwaded that they dye bravely that dye fighting ; and that they fhall be rewarded with Paradife, that doe Spend their bloud upon the enemies of their Religion, whom they call Skabides which _js Martyrs. For although they repute murder to be an execrable crime, that cries to heaven for vengeance, and is never forgiven : yet are they commanded by their law, to extend their profeffion by violence, and without compaflion to flaughter their op- pofers. But they live with themfelves in fuch exemplary concord, that during the time that | remained amongft them (it being above three quarters of a year) 1 never. faw Mahometan offer-violence toa A¢abometan, nor break into il] language: but if fo they chance to doe, a third will reprove him, with Fie A@uffel- men, fall out?and all is appeafed, he that gives a blow, hath many gafhes made in his flefh, and is led about for aterror : bur the man-flayer is delivered to the kindred or friends of the flain, to be by them put to death with all exquifite torture. | ; Now their opinion of the end of the world, of Paradife, and of Hell,exceed the va- nity of dreams, and all old wives fables. They fay, that at the winding of a horn,not onely all flefh thall die, but the Angels themfelves : and that the earch with earth- quakes hall be kneaded together like a lump of dough, for forty days fo continuing. Then fhall another blaft reftore beauty to the world, and life unto all chat ever lived. The good fhall have fhining and glorified faces ; but the bad, the countenance of dogs and fwine, and fuch like unclean creatures. eA€ofes, Chrift, and Adahomer, fhall bring _ their feverall followers to judgement, and intercede for them. Cara thar did the ae murder 4G. - The Mahometan & eligion. LIBLT, murder fhall be the ring. leader of the damned; who are to pais over the bridge of Ju- fice, laden with their fins in fatchels ; when the great finner fhall fall on the one fide into hell; where they fhall confume in fire, and berenewed to new rorments. ¥ et God will have pity upon them in the end, and receive them unto mercy + and the devil ghall ceafe to be, fince his malice is fach as he cannot be faved. I was told by a. Sicélian Re- tbgadojien Eannell, on done greatly devoted to their fuperitition, that the burning globe of the Sun (for fuch was his Philofophy) was the Continent of the damned. Thofe that Tumble from the other fide of the Bridge, are laden with lefs fins: and do bur fail into Purgatory : from whence they fhall fhortly be releafed, and received into Paradife. Bux as for the women,poor fouls ! be. they never fo good, they have the gates fhut againft them ; yet are configned to a manfion without, where they fall live happily ; as another repleat with all mifery for other. It is tobe more then nee red; that Adabomet grounded his devifed Paradife, upon the Poets. invention of Elif- am. For thus Tibulls defcribeth the one: Sed me, quod facilis tenere fum fernper amori, For that my heart to love fiill eafily oe Ipia Venus campes ducet in Elyfios. Love {hall conduct me to Elifian fields. Hic chorew, cantulq; vigent: paflimg; vagantes. There fongs and danees revell: choice birds fire Dulce fonant tenul gutture carmen aves. Fert cafiam non culta leges, totofque per agros From tree to tree, warbling {weet melody. Floret odoratis terra benigna Rofis. — The wild fhrubs bring forth Caffia 4 every-where Ad juvenum feries reneris immifta puellis The bounteous foile doth fragrant Rofes bear. Ludit : & affidue prelia mifcet amor: Youths unterimxt with maids difport at eale leg, |. 2. Eleg. 1. 33. ° fp fe Incountring ftillin loves foect skermifhes. And Mahomet promifeth to the poffeffors of the other, magnificent Palaces fpread ali over with filk carpets, howry fields, and cryftalline rivers ; trees of gold ftill Hourifh- ing ; pleafing the eye with other goodly formes, and the tafte with their fruits --—primeavulfonondeficitaleer. Which being pluckt, so others place refign an la sear ak ED mingemnctallos end fill the rich twigs with like metal {hin Virg. En.ls. Under whofe fragrant fhades they thall {pend the courfe of their happy time with amorous Virgins, who fhall alone regard their particular Lovers : not {uch as have lived in this world, but created of purpofes with great black eyes, and beautiful as the Hyacinth. They daily hall have their loft virginities reltored : ever young, (continuing there, as here .ar fifteen, andthe menas at thirty) and ever free from natural pollurions. Boyes of divine feature fhall minifter unto them, and fet be-~ fore thera all variety of delicate viands. But eAvicen that great Philofopher and Phy- fician, who flourithed about four hundred and fifty years lince,when AZahometanifme had not yet utterly extinguifhed all good litterarure ; who was by livage an Arabian ofa Royall houfe, in religion a Adabomeran, but by countrey and habitation a Spans-- ard, and Prince (as fome write)of Corduba, teacheth a far different do€trine: For alihough asa eMahbometan; in his Books De Anima, and De Almahad,addrefled par- ticularly to. a Mahometan Prince, he extolleth Afabomer highly,as being the feal of di- vine Laws, and the aft of the Prophets; exculing his fentual felicities. in the life to come, 36 meet y Allegorical, and neceflarily fitted co rude and vulgar capacities = (for faith he, if the points of Religion were. taught in their true form to the ig-~ norant dull Fews or to the wild eArabians employed alrogether about their Camels; they would utterly fall off from all belief in God :} yer befides that this excufe is fo favourable and large, that it may extendas well unto all Idolaters, and in brief to the juftifying of theabfurdeft errours, it is in a point of doétrine fo contrary to his own opinion, as nothing canbe more. For Avicenhimfelf inthe afore-faid Books, doch efteem fo vilely of the body, that he pronounceth bodily pleafures to be falfe and bafe ; and that the fouls being in the body is contrary to crue beatitude : where- -apon he denyeth alfo the Refurreétion of the Hefli. Yet in favour,as hath been {aid of Mahomet, (who by fenfual do@rine fought to have the rude world co follow him) he not only by his Allegorical conftruétion approveth the doctrine of the Refurre- étion of the body, wherein the Fews and Adabometans confent with the Chrsflians but withal the cranfmigration of fouls from onebody into another, (by which means «Mahomet devifed how a Camel might paffe through the eye of a needle;the foul of a finner for purgation entring firft into the body of a Camell, then of a leffer beaft, and finally, of a little Worm which fhould crgep thorow the eye of a needle ; and fo be- COME as Bete “EV Be. Zhe Mahometan Religion. come perfect :") and laftly,not once reproveth that impious faying of A¢abomet, That God himfelf at. the Refurrettion ould alfo have a body , no doubt, to enjoy thofe fweet fenfual felicities, though all [uch opinions are difclaimed by him: but con- trariwife reproveth the Doétrine of the Chriftians touching {piritual happinefs, and that faying of our Saviour, that, The Saints in the world to come fhall be as Angels ( yet profeffeth the fame tobe true ) as being weak and ill fitted to vulgar underfianding. So ftrangely may wife men be beforted with faction, to excufe and commend the teaching of abfurd errours evea by themfelves condemned, and to lay an afperfion upon the purity of divine Do@rine, in that unfit to be fo communi- cated tothe ignorant : as if truth were to make her felf to pleafe beftiall Igno- rance, and Ignorance not rather to be enlightned by degrees, and drawn up to be- hold the Truth. But now this Avicen, laying down for a while his outward perfon of aeMabomeran, and putting on the habit of a Philofopher ; in his Metaphyficks feemeth to make a flat oppofition between the truth of their faith received from tad. 9." their Prophet, and the truth of underftanding by demonftrative argument: And faith in effeét, that this Law and Prophecie delivered by A4ahomer, which tanght that God himfelf at the Refurreétionfhould have a body, placeth the happinefs of the life ro come in bodily delights. But wife Theologians, faith he, have with greater defire purfued {piritual pleafures proper to the foul: and for this corporal felicity, although it fhould be beftowed upon them, would not efteem it in comparifon of | the other, whereby the mind is conjoyned to the firfttruth, whichis God. And here he never mentioneth that firained excufe of an allegory ; but with juft indignation and fome acerbitry of {peech, devefteth that grofs opinion broached in their Law, which placeth the predominance of everlafting felicity in the bafenefs of fenfualicy, and in that low voluptuoufnefs: and faith that a prudent and underftanding man, may not think thar all delight is like the delight of an Affe ; and thar the Angels who are next to the Lord of the worlds fhould live deprived of all pleafure and joy,and that he who is the highelt in beauty and virtue, fhould confilt in the laft and loweft degree of fuavity. And therefore concludeth, that ncither in excellency, nor in per- feétion, nor yet in multitude, no nor in any thing praife-worthy or to be defi- red in pleafure, there is any comparifon between thofe felicities: and though bafe fouls be addiéted to that bafe felicity, yet the worthy defires of holy minds are far removed from that difpofition , and contrariwife being joyned to their perfeétion, ‘(which is God.) are filled with all true and happy delights: and if that the contrary per{walion or affeétion fhould be remaining in them, it would hurt and with-hold them from attaining unto that height of happinefs. This being his better advifed and more fincere difcourfe, ir utter excludes his former excufe of an allegory , whofe right ufe, being by plain and fenfible allufions to draw up the underftanding to an apprehenfion of divine things, reprefented in thofe fimilitudes : the courfe held by eA abomet worketh a clean contrary effect ; and drowneth their underftanding pare and aff-@tion in the hope and love of thefe corporal pleafures. Whereby it is true, that he greatly enlarged his own earthly dominion ; but by this judgement even of Avicen, with-held his followers from the true felicity. And it is worthy obfervation, thar in the judgement of dvicen, one thing is true in their faith, and the contrary in pure and demonfirative reafon. Whereas ( to the honour of Chriftian Religion be it fpoken) is confeffled by all, and enacted by a Council, that itis an error to fay, One thing is true in Theology, and in Philofophy the contrary. For the truths of Religi- on are many times above reafon, but never againft it. So that we may.now conclude, that the A/ahometas Religion,being derived froma perfon in life fo wicked, fo world- ly his projects, in his perlecutions of them fo difloyal, treacherous, and cruel, being grounded upon bafe and falfe revelations, repugnant to found reafon, and that wil- dome which the divine hand hath imprinted in his works ; alluring men with thofe inchantments of flefhly pleafures, permitted in this life, and promifed for the life in- fuing ; being alfo fupported with tyranny and the {word ( for it is death to {peak there again{t it, ) and laftly, where it is planted rooting outall virtue, all wifdome and {cience, and in fume, all liberty and civility; and laying the earth fo waft, dif- _ peopled and un-inhabited ; that neither ir came from God ( fave as a fcourge by per- miffion ) neither can bring them to God that follow it. » ~ Ebbubecher, Omar, Ozman, and Haly, followed A¢ahomer in the government; the great enlargers of their Religion and Dominions : but Haly was perlecuted, and flain intheend by the other, for afluming the right of fucceflion, in that he had married the Daughter of their Prophet. From him the Perfians do challenge pri- Ap: 7-feF. glee Of the Turkifb prieft-bood. _ RIB. 4, priority of government inmatters of Religion, the main caufe of the hatred between them and the Tarks) alleaging moreover, that the former three, to confirme theif authorities, did falfly adde to the Alcoran, and put out what they lifted; and in fuch fort falfified, left it to theit followers. Then fucceeded the Caliphs of Babylon, who bore both the fpiritual and temporall jurifdiction. After the Egyptians fet up a Caliph of their own. But in procefs of time they were both fupprefled , the one (as hath been faid before) by the Tartars, and the other by the Sultans. The dignity amongit the Turks with much abatement, doth now remain inthe AZufties, (which name doth ‘fignifie an Oracle, ot anfwer of doubts) as fucceflors to Ebubecher, Omar, and Oxman ; the Caliphs having been both High-priefts, and Princes, thefe being Patri- archs, as it were, and Soveraigns of their Religion. Throughout the whole Turkifh territories there is but one ; who ever refideth in the Royal City ; or followes the perfon of the Emperour. He is equall to the ancient Popes ; or rather greater both in repute and authority. The Grand Signior doth rife at his approach to falute him, and fets him by him, and gives him much reverence. His life is only free from the fword; and his fortunes moft rarely fubjeét tothe fubverfion. The Emperour undertaketh no high defign without his approvement. He hath power to reverfe both his fen- tence, and the fentence of the Divan, if they be not adjudged by him ¢onformable to the Alcoran ; but his own is irrevocable. In matters of difficulty they repaire to him : and his expofition ftandeth fora law. To conclude, he'is the fupreme Judge, and cetifier of all aétions, a5 well Civil as Ecclefiafticall ; and an approver of the Jufticé _ of the military. The place is given by the Grand Signior to men profoundly learned in their Law, and of known integrity. Hefeldome ftirsabroad,; and never admits of impertinent converfation. Grave is his look, grave is his behaviour, farus fernio illis, & magna libido tacendi,, Highly affecting fileace, and moft {pare Of {peech. Juv. Sat. I< i For when any come tohim for Judgment, they deliver him in writing the ftate of the queftion ; who in writing briefly returns his oraculous anfwer. He commonly weareth a veft of green, and the greateft Turbant inthe Empire : I fhould not fpeak much out of compafs, fhould I fay as large in compafs asa bufhel. I oft have been in this mans Seraglio, whichis neither great in receit nor beauty: yet anfwerable to his {mall dependency, andinfrequency of futers. He keepeth in his houfe a Semi-. nary of boys, gwho are inftruéted in the myfteries of their Law, He is not reftrained, nor reftraineth himfelf from the penalty of women. His i-comes are great, his dif- burfings little, and confequently his wealth infinite: yer he isa bad pay-niafter of his debts, though they be but trifles. He much delighteth in clocks and watches : whereof, as fome fay, he hath not fo few as a thoufand. Next in place to the eufti are the Cadilefchiers, thar are Judges of the Armies (but not ro meddle with the Famizaries) and accompany the Beglerbegs when they goe into the field. Of thefethere are only two : one of the Evropean part of the Empire, and another of the fan: Thefe are alfo elected by the Grand Signior, as the Cadies by them (yet to be allowedly by the Grand Signior, and to kiffe his velt: of whom there is one in every town, who befides their f{piricual fun@tions, doe admi- nifter Juftice between patty and party, and punith offenders. Of inferiour Priefts there be fome particularly appointed to fing at the tops of their fteeples, and to congregate the people; fome to look to the Ceremonies, and fome toread and in- terprer the Alcoran. There are alfo other Religious Orders, which I omit to fpeak of being of others own taking up ; neither commanded nor commended, and rather to be efteemed vagabonds then, Religious perfons, confider we either their life,or their habits. of {wines fichh. Every Bafa keeps a ‘Divan (fo they call the Court of Juftice) within his LIB. fh. Of the Lurkifb Fustice. . 49° his Province : but the higheft of all , and to which they may appeal from all other , is they were that which is kept four dayes of the week in the Grand Sigmiors Seraglio, fcom whence formerly no appeal is admitted but to the perfon of the Aduftie. Herethe Vizier Baffas of &#tfour,te the Port, who are nine in number ( or as many as then are not otherwife imployed) 77°” 7 doe fit in Juftice: where alfo they confult of matters of ftate, and that publikely,..not syjr4 ides . excepting againft Embafladors Drogermem, lightly alwayes prefenr, fo prefume they fie. of ftrong hand: aflifted by the (a) Admirall, (6) Chancellor , the (c) Treafure i 1 the 2 Captain fame room keeping his Court) where all Caufes whatfoever that are heard, within aan re the fpace of three dayes are determined; the Great Vizter Baffa being Prefident ce of the ref. But Bribery not known untill lately amongft sigp bath fo corrapted their ¢ rofiedarg integrity , that thofe caufes (if they bear but a colour of right) do feldome mifcarry where gifts are the Advocates : yer thisis the beft of the worft, that they quickly know their fuccefles. But many times when the opprefled fubjeét can have no juftice, they willin troops attend the coming forth of the Emperor, by burning ftraw on their heads or holding up torches, provoke his regard: who brought unto him by his Mutes, doth receive their petition ; which oftentimes turns to the raine of fome of thofe great ones. For affarances of purchafes they have no Indentures, no fines and recoveries. The omitting of a word cannot fruftrate their eftates ; nor quirks of law prevail againft con{ctence. All that they have to fhew,. isa little Schedule, called a Aodget or Sigil, only manifefting the pofleflion of the Seller, as hisof whom he bought it, or fromwhom it de(cended unto him 5 which under-written by the Cadie of the place, doth fraftrate all after-claims whatfoever. New the punifhments for offenders be either pecuniary or corporall. To impofe the former, they will forge all the flanders that they can, toeat upon the lefs circumfpeét Chriftians: but the other are feldome unjuftly inflifted. Their forms of putting to death, (befides fuch as are ‘common elfe-where ) are impaling upon ftakes, ganching(which is to be let fall from on high npon hooks, and there to hang untill they die by the anguifli of thefe wounds, or more miferable famine, ) and another invented ( but now not here ufed) to the terrour of mankind by fome devillith Perils who deferved to have firft tafted of his own invention : viz, they twitch the offender about the wafte with a towell, inforcing him to draw uphis breath by often pricking him in thebody, untill they have drawn him within the compafs of a {pans then tying it hard, they cut him off in the middle, and fetting the body on a hor plate ot copper, which feareth the veins, they fo up-prop him during their cruel pleafure: who nor only retaineth his fenfe, but the faculties of difcourfe until he be taking down;and then departeth in an inftant. But little faults are chaftifed by blows: received on the foles of the feet with a- bafti- nado, by hundreds at a time, according to the quality of the mifdemeanour. A terrible pain that extendeth toall the parts of the body : yet:have I feer them taken for mony. ‘The matter alfo in this fort doth correét. his flave: bur parents their. children with ftripes. on the belly. The Sanbafhie is as the Conftable of a City both to fearch our and punith offences. % . It remaineth now that we fpeak of the perfons:of the Turks, their difpofitions , manners and fafhions. » They be generally well compleétioned, of good ftatures, and — full bodies, proportionably compaéted.. They nourifh no hair about them, bura lock on the crown,:and:on their faces only , efteemingit more cleanly, and to be the better prepared for theirfuperftitious: wafhings. But their beards they wear at full Jengths the markof their affeéted gravity, and token of freedome, (for flaves. have theirs fhaven): infomuch that they will {coffe at fuch Chriftians as cut, or naturally want them, as iffuffering themfelves to be abufed again{t nature. » All of them wear on their heads white Shafhes and Turbants, the badge of their Religion: as is the fol- ding of the one, and fize of the other, of their vocations. and-quality. Shathes are long towells of Gallico wound about their ‘heads: Turbants are made like. great globes, of Gallico too, and thwarted with rouls’ of the fame; having little copped caps, on the top, of green, or red velvet, being only worn by perfons of rank; .andhethe grea- teft, chat weareth the greateft,. the Mufties excepted; which over-fizeth the Emperors. ‘And though many Orders have particular ornaments -appointed for :their -heads, yet wear they thefe promifcuoufly.- It is an efpeciall: favour in the Tark, to fuffer the Chriftian tributary Princes, and their chiefeft Nobles to wear white heads in the Ci- ty: butinthem, what better then an Apoftaticall infinuation? But. to begin from. the skin; the next that they'wear a {mock of Gallico, with ample fleeves, much longer then theirarmes: under this, a pair of calfouns of the fame, which reach to their ancles, the reft naked;: and going in yellow or red flip-fhooes, picked at-the ses - ies] a ‘ ie Pagans plate 50 { Of the Turks, their Manners, tse. LIB. I. plated on the fole: over all they wear an half-fleeved coat girt unto them with a rowel: their neck all bare: and this within doors is their fummer-accoutrement. Overall when they go abroad they wear gowns, fome with wide half-fleeves ( which more particularly belong to the Grecéaxs ) others with long hanging fleeves, buttoned before : andathird fort worn by the meaner fort, reaching but a little below the knee, with hanging fleeves not much longer than the arm,and open before ; but all of them un-gathered in the fhoulders. In the winter they adde to the former,calfodns of cloth, which about the {mall of their legg are fewed to fhort {mooth buskins of lea- ther without foles, fic for the foot, asa glove forthe hand : lining their: gowns with furr, as they doe their coats ; having then the fleeves ( or quilted wafte-coats under them ) reaching clofe to their wrifts. They wear no gloves. At their girdles they wear long hand- kerchers, fome of them admirable for value and workmanfhp. They never alter their fafhions: not greatly differing inthe great and vulgar more then in the richnefs. Cloth of tiflue, of gold, and filver-velvet, fcarlet, fattin, damask, cha- molets, lined with fables, and other coftly furrs, and with martins, fquerrils, foxes,and cony-skins; are worn according to their teveral qualities. But the common wear is violer cloth: they retaine the old worlds cuftom in giving change of garments:, which they may aptly do, when one velt ficreth all men, and is of every mans fafhion. The Clergy go much in grecu, it being AZabomet’s colour ; and his kinf-men in green fha- fhes, who are called Emers ; whicits Lords: the women alfo wear fomtning of green on their heads to be known. There lives not a race of ill-favoureder people , bran- ded perhaps by God for the fin of their feducing anceftor, and their own wic- ked afluming of hereditary holinefs. But if a Chriftian out of ignorance wear green, he fhall have his cloathes torn froma his back, and perhaps be well bea- ren. They carry no weapons abour them in the City; onely they thruft under their girdles great crooked knives of a dagger-like fize, infheathes of metall, the hafts and fheathes of many being fer with ftones, and fome of them worth five hundred Sulranies. They bear their bodies upright, of a ftately gate, and elated countenance. In their familiar falucations they lay their hands on their bofomes, anda little decline their bedies: but when they falute a perfon of great rank, they bow almoit to the ground, and kils the hemm of his garment. The ornaments of their heads they never put offupon any occafion. Some of them perfume their beards with amber, and the in-fides of their Turbants: and allof themafK@ clean- linefs fo Religioufly, that befides their cuftomaty lotions, and daily frequenting of the Bannias, they never fo much as make water, but they wafh both their hands and privities : at which bunfinefs they fequefter themfelves, and couch.to the earth 5 reviling the Chriftian whom they fee pifling againfta wall, and fometimes ftrikin him. This they do, to prevent that any part of either excrement fhould touch their garments, ‘efteeming it a pollution, and hindring the acceptation of prayer, who. then are to be moft pure both in heart and habit. So flothfull they be, that they never walk up and down for recreation, norufe any other exercife but fhooting : wherein they take as little pains as may be, fitting on carpets in the thadow, and fending their flaves for their arrows. They alfo fhoot againft earthen walls, ever kept moift in fhops and private houfes for that purpofe, ftanding not above fix paces from the mark, and that with fuch violence, that the arrow pafles not fel- dome thorow : nay, Ihave feen their arrows fhot by our: Embaffadour thorough targets of fteel, pieces of brafs of two inches thick, and thorough wood, with an ar- row headed with wood, of eight inches. Their bows are for form and length, not un-like the lath of a large crofs-bow, made of the horns of Buffoloes, intermixed with finews, of admirable workmanfhip, and fome of them exquilirely gilded. Although there be wreltlers among them, yet they be fuch:as do it to delight the people, and do make it their profeffion, as do thofe that walk upon ropes, where- in the Turks are moft expert ; going about when they have done, to every parti- cular fpeétator for his voluntary benevolence. Of cards and dice they are happily ignorant; butatchefle they will play all the day long, a fport that agreeth well with their fedentary vacancy ; wherein notwithftanding they avoid the difhoneft hazard of money. The better fort take great delight in their horfes, which are beau- tifull ro the eye, and well ridden for fervice ; but quickly jaded, if held to. a good ound trot ( foramble they donot ) in an indifferent journey. But the Turks-dod not lightly ride fo faftas to purthem untoeither. Their faddles be bard and deep, though not great, plated behind and before; and fome of them with filver,as are their. mathe ftirrops, and the reins of their bridles, fared unto their coftly caparifons. | | When LIB. Of the Turks, their Manners, tic. | when they f{tand in the table they feed them for the moft part, if not alrogether,with barly ; being here of {mall value, and only ferving for that purpofe. They litter them in their own dung, firft dryed in the’ Sun and pulverated , which keeps their skins clean, {mooth, and fhining, =. : 7 gia The Turks doe greatly revererice their parents ; (fo commanded to doe by their law ) as the inferior his Superior, andthe young, the aged, readily giving the prio- rity to whom it belongeth, the left hand as they goe in’ the’ ftaeets preferr’d before the right; in that made mafters thereby of the {word of the’ other, and the -chiefeR place the fartheft from the wall, who live rogethef ‘as ifall' ofa brothér-bood. Yet give they no entertainment unto one! afiother, ‘hor come there any into. their hou- des bur upon fpeciall occalion, and'thofe but into. the ‘publike ‘paris thereof} their women being never feen but by the Nurfes and Buruchs which attend on them, Yea fo jealous they are, that their fons’ when’ they come to® growth are feparated from them.” As their houles are méan, fo, are their furnitares > "having nothing on the in-fide but bare white walls > wn-leffe it‘ be fomé fpeciall ‘room, ii’ the houfe of fome of high quality. . But the roofs of many of them are’ cutioully feeled ‘with in-laid wood, adorned with gold and-azure of an exceffive coftlinels; ‘the greater part of the floor ,'and that a little advanced, being’ covered with ‘Turkée carpets; whereon when they’ tread they do put off theig flip-fhooes, Many of their rooms have great out-windows, where ‘they ‘fiton culhions in the heat?of the day. They lye upon mattreffes, 'fome ‘of filk, fome’ {tained 'litineti;! with bélfters “of the fame; > and quilts that are‘fucable, ‘but much in ‘their tlothes> the: nonin thar they are fo loufie. ' Nor‘liaine they thereat *miany'you thal fee ‘fit publikely a loufing themfelves iin the Sufi: and thofe no mean -perfons.’\ They have’ neither tables nor {tools in their houfes ; but fir trof-legd on'the floor at théirvi€tualls, all ina ring. Inftead ofa cloth , they have askin fpread before them ; buc the better fort fic about a round board ; ftanding ona foot now paft/halfe a foor high , and brim’d likea charger. Thedifhés have feet like’ ftanding bolls, and are’fo fet one upon another, that you thay eat of each without removing of any. ‘Their moft or- dinary food is Pillaw , that is , Rice which hath been fod with the fat of Mutton. ~ Portage they ufe of fundry kinds , egges fryed in honey ; tanfies , Cor fomething like them ) pafties of fuidry ingredients : the little fleth which they eat is cut into gob- bets , and either fed ; or rofted in afornace. But I think there'is more in London {pent in one day then in-this City in twenty. Fith they have in indifferent quantity. But the commons do commonly. feed on herbes ; fruits, roots , onions, garlick ; a beaftly kind of un-preffed cheefe that lieth iri a lump 3 hodg: podges made of flowre milk, and honey, &c. fo that they live for little or nothing, confidering their fare, and the plenty of all things. They are waited upon by their flaves; given them). or purchafed with theit {words, or money: of thefe to have many it is accounted for great riches. When one hath fed fufficiently he rifeth; and another taketh his room, and fo continue to do untill all be fatisfied. *’ They eat three times a day : but when they feaft they fit all the day long, unlefs they rife to exonerate nature, and forth-with returh again. They abftain from hogs-flefh; from bloud, and from what hath dyed of it felf; unlefs in cafes of neceflity. Their ufual drink is pure water, yet have they fundry Sherbets, (focall they the confeétions which they infufe into it ) fome made of fugar and lemons, fome of violets; andthe like, whereof fome are mixed with amber ) which the richer fort diffolve thereinto. The honey of So is excellent for that purpofe : and they make another of the juice of Raifins; of little coft, and moft ufually drunk off. Wine is prohibited them by their Alceran: they plant none, they buy none = but now'to that liberty they are grown (the natura!- Turk excepted ) that they will quaffe freely when they come to a houfe of 2 Chrittian : infomuch as I have feen but few goe away un-led from the Embafladours table. Yet the-feared diforders that might infue theréof; have been an occafion thar divers times all the wine in the City hath been ftayed ( except in Embaffadours houfes ) and death hath been made the penalty unto fuch as prefumed to bring any in. They preferr our beer above all other drinks: And confidéring that wine is forbidden, that water is with the raweit ¢ efpecially inthis Climé ) the déarnefs of Sherbets, and plenty of Barley ( being here fold not fot above nine pencé a buthel ) no doubt but it would prove infinitely’ profitable to fuch as fhould bring in the ufe thereof amongft them. Although they be deftitute of Taverns, yet have they their. ~Coffa-houfes, which fomething refemble them. ‘There fit they chatting mot of theday ; and fip of adrink called Goffa Gof the berry that is made of) in sated DRA Of the Turks, their Manners, Gyan LIB. 1, China difhes: as hot as they can fuffer it: black as foot, and tafting not much une hike it ( why not that black broth which wasin ufe among{t the Lacedemonians ¢ ) which helpeth asthey fay, digeftion, and procureth alacrity ; many of the Coffa- ren, Keeping beautifull boyes, who ferve as {tales to procure them cuftonicrs. The Turks arealfo incrediblé takers of Opiam, whereof the lefler wdfia affordeth them plenty : carrying it about them both in peace and warr; which they fay expel- jeth‘all fear, and makes them couragious< but 1 rather think giddy-headed, and tur- bulent dreamers, by them, as fhould feem by what hath been. faid, religioufly affe- ted. And perhaps for the felf fame caufe they alfo delight in Tobacco: which they take thorow reeds that have joyned unto. them great heads of wood to contain it. Tdoubr not but lately caught them, ,as brought them by the Englifh > and were it not fometimes lookt into ( for Adorat Baffa not long fince commanded a pipe to be: thruft thorow the nofe of a Turk, and fo.to be led in derifion thorow the City,). no queftion but it would prove a. principal commodity. Neverthelefs they will take it in corners, and are foignorant therein, that that which in England is nor falable, doth pafs.here amongft them for moft excellent). 16 eon Sar aos cetilecp ie'd lo omnel _ They are by their Law in-general exhorted to. marry, for, the propagation of their Religion: -and he ill-reputed of that forbeareth foto do,.until the age of five and twenty. Every manis allowed four Wives, whoare to be of his own Religion: and as many Goncubine flayes as,he is able to keep of what Religion foever. . For God. ( faith the Alcoran ). that.is good and gracious, exaéteth not of us,what is har(h and burdenfome, but:permits us.the nightly company of women: well know- ing that.abftinency in that kind’ is both grievous, and-impoffible. Yet gre. they to meddle. with none but their own peculiars : _ the offending women they drown, and the manthey-ganfh. They buy their wives of their parents; and record the con- traét before the Gadi ; which. they after folemnize in this manner: Many women are invited by the mother of the Bride to accompany her the night before the marriage day ; whereof they! {pend a great partin feafting: then lead they her inte a bath, where they anoint and bathe her. So breaking company they depart unto their feveral refts, and in the morning return to her chamber: where they trick her in her richeft ornaments, tying on her filken buskins with knots not. eafi- Jy un-knit. The Bridegroom having feafted a number in like manner, in the morning they alfo repair to his houfe in their, beft apparell, and gallantly mounted, from whence they fet forward by two and by two, to fetch home the Bride, accompa- nyed with mufick, and conducted by the Sagaich, who is the neareft of his kin- dred. Unto whom the Bride is delivered with her face clofe covered : who fet -a-f{tride on horf-back , hath a @anopy carryed over hers in fuch fort as no part of her is to be difcerned.. Sothe troup returning in order as they came: after them are carried in Serpets (a kind of baskets )‘ their prefents, and apparel; then fa for LIBE. | Of the Turks) their Mannes, toc for the moft pért ruddy, clear,and fmooth, as the polifhed Ivory; being fever ruflled by the weather, and daily frequenting the Bannias : but withall by the‘felf-fame means they fuddenly wither. Great eyes they have in principal repute, affected both by the Turks and the Grecians, as it fhould’ feem from the beginning. “For ‘AZabomer doth promife women with fuch, ( nay as big as egs’) in his imaginary’ Paradife’ s: whieh Honser attributes, as ag efpecial excellency, unto Fano ¢ Jf #5305 DAR / ———=To hors replies’ 4 Adorere Funo with the Cows fair eyes; oo .Menerands June. Hic refpeiui patton baviiad Ofulog hatte Hom, l,i And again, | : The great-ey'a Funo [mitd. | ag | pai aiteni magais ocwlis Fetteraida Jufio} , Mm base | (MY 29 EER WISTS Rus CITES [And of thofe the blacker.they be, the more samiable :, infomich that they put be tween the eye-lids and the eye a certain: black poveder with-a fine long pencill, made. of a mineral brought from the Kingdome of Fez, and called: Alcohole 3 which by the: not difgraceful ftainingof the lids, do better fer.forth the.whitenefs, of the eye, and) though it trouble for atime, yet it comforterh the fight, and repelleth all: Sunabenl Into the fame hue, ( but, likely they naturally are fo ) dothey die théireye-breis;and|” eye-browes : ¢ the latter by Art made high, half-circular, and co meetsif naturally they do not ) fo.do they the hair of their heads. iy) 4 Thue media: . In blac rake sente a oink | - Leda tiie vigea confpicieida toraas «. k hair loofly Rowing. fide OF Orid, Am i, 2, Bleg, 43 % to the wearyed body a wonderful alactity. ' rink ona Yad b Poeiia tame praefensy; cunt tu deponis annus Ye punifht frat, iffeto with varieties:of flowers : according tothe cuftome of the Pychagoreans, and univerfal withes: of. che Etlinicks Sa ee | 8 0d ‘gsi Dii majorumaumbris tesuem 8 fine poridere tetram Spirantefqueereces; & intra perpetuumtuia | - Porting Lie earth light on theer bones may their pravesibeae Frefh fragrant flowers: jét {pring-tide pill lide'tbore, they being (as they thonght) fenfible of burthens, and delighted with favéurs' vor with the honour therein done them, Bur the common’ fort are*buried by the’ high way-fides, and fields of moft frequency, adjoyning to the City; having a’ fore of white marble more than a foot broad: four feet’ high; ingraven’ with" Tirkifh vehas racters, erected ac the head, and anorher at the feer, thé grave’ between lying’ low like atrough. To thefe the women flock every Thurfday “in ‘multirudes, Weeping over their children, husbands, kinsfolks, and dead progenitors ; often Kiffing the itones, arid praying for their delivery from the afore-faid black tortures’: many times leaving bread and meat oni their graves ( a cuftome alfo of the’ Pagans) for dogs'and birds to devour, as well as to relieve the poor: being-héld an available ‘almes for the deceafed, The betrer fort do mourn'in white (as for black, I never faw it worn by a Turk.) and but fora little feafon. And-the Women aré not ‘to marry’ by ‘their law, until four months and ten dayes after the deaths of their husbatids: N79 “16 {peak a word or two of their Sciences and Trades: fome of them have-fome little Knowledge in Philofophy. Neceffity hath ranght them'Phyfick : ratherchad from experience than the grounds of Art. In -Aftronomy they have fome in-fight + » ,,.4nd many there are thar undertake to tell fortunes. Thefe frequently fit in the ftreets “edt the City, reforted unto by fuch as are to: take#jourhey; or go.about any bufi- ‘nefs_of importance, They have a good gift in Poetry,wherein they:chant their amors in the Perfiaz tongue to vile mufick : yer are they forbidden:fo:to'do: by their Law: Gitterns, Harps, and Recorders being their principal inftraments. But their {oud inftraments do rather affright than delight the hearing. On a time the Grand Signior was perfwaded'to hearfome choice: Italian Mulick:: -but the foolifi:Mu- Victans ('whofé’ wit lay only ‘in the ends of: their fingers ) {pent fo muchtime in un-feafonable tuning, that he commanded them: to avoid , belike efteeming. the reft to be anfwerable. They ftudy not Rhetorick,, as fufficiently therein inftrudted by nature; nor Logick, fince it ferves as well to delude as: informs and that wite- dome (according tothe opinion of the Epicures ) may: be. comprehended. in plain and dire& expreflions. Some there be amongft them that write Hiftories, but ‘few read them,’ thinking that none can write of times paft truly :fince: none dare write the'truth ofthe prefent. Printing they rejeét ; :perhaps for fear left the univerfa- lity of leatning fhould fubvert their falfe grounded Religion and: Policy 5: whichids better preferved by an ignorant ‘obedience : moreover, avnumber that live ‘by: wri- ting, would-be un-done, whovare, for the moft part, of the. Prieft-hood. The Tur- keh tongue is lofty in’ found;«but poor: of it‘felf in fubftance: for being) origi- nally the Tartartan, who were ‘needy ignorant: Paftors, they:were ‘conftrained to borrow their termes of State and Office from the Perfians, (upon whofe ruines they erected their greatnefs, ): of Religion ( being formerly Pagans ) from the .A- rabians; as they did of Maritime names (together with their Skill ) from the Greeks and Jralians.In Datolia it is moft'generally fpoken, They ufe(as'the Perfians)the Aras bick character: ln writing they leave out the vowels, unlefsit be inthe end of a word, fo that much is'contrived in a littleroom. ‘They curjoufly fleck their Paper, which is thick ; much of it being coloured and dappeled like @hambletsy done by a trick they have DBE | - Sultan. Achmet. have in, dipping it: in. the water., They have Painters amongit them, exquifite in their kind 4 (for they aré nottodraw by) their law, norto have the figure of any thing livihg ) yet now many privately begin tojinfringe that precept ; and the Grand Sigmior himfelf hatha fang: whereon the, battels of Atungary are painted. Colours alio.they:have, no lefs fair then durable. Every one hath: fometrade or other: not fo muchas the Grand Signior.excepted-) ‘Their trades are lightly fuch as ferve for theit own .ufes:s-neither mucii fapplying fortain Marts, nor frequenting them. A lazie “people thatiwork bur by-firs:and,more efteeme of their eafe, then their profit: yer are they exceflive covetous. And although they have not the wit to deceive.( for they be grofle-feaded;). yet’ have»they the will; breaking all compaéts with, the @hrifti- ans that, they find difcommodious : [6 that they feldome.will.deal with them. But with one another they by and fell.onely:for steady money ; wherein the moft of their {ub{tance’confifteth’, the occafion- that few {nits de happen amongft them. J have {po- ken fufficiently, at leaftwhatIcan, of «his Nation in generall: now convert we to the Perfon and Court of this. Sultan. oc boo on | SOR STIs var Heis;in this year'1610, about the age of three and twenty, ftrongly limb’d, and of a jut fare; yet greatly iticlined to be fat. :.in fomuch. as fometimes he is ready to thoke ashe. feeds, and fome-doe purpofely attend to free him from danger. His face is full and duly proportioned : only:jhis eyes are. extraordinary great, by them efteemed ¢ as. is faid: before’) an excellency in beauty., Fleam hath the predominancy in his.complexion. » He hath)a,ditrle haire :on his; upper lip, but Jefs on his chin, of adarkfomecolour. His afpectis as haughty as fiis Empire is.large. He beginneth al- ready to-abftain from exercife 2 yet.are there pillars with infcriptions in his Sera- glio , between which he:tlitew a'great iron mace , that, memorizeth both his {trength, and. a€tivity. Being .oria time rebuked by his father eALahomer, that he neglected fo much his exercifes-and ftudies; he made this reply: that, now he was toe old to begin to learn, intimatihg thereby; that his life wasto determine with his fathers whereat the Sultan wept bitterly.. For he then had two Elder brothers, of whem _ the eldeft was ftrangled in the prefence of his father upon a falfe fulpition of trea- fon; and the other by a natural death did open his way to the, Empire. Perhaps the confideration thereof that made himkeep his younger brother alive, contra- ry to theic cruel cuftome : but ftrongly guarded , and kept within his Seraglio. For heis-of no bloudy difpofition; nor otherwife notorioufly vicious, confidering the aufteriry of that government, and immunities of their. Religion. Yet he is an un-relenting punifher of offences, even in his own houfhold: having caufed eight of his Pages, at my being there} to be thrown into, the Sea for Sodomy ( an ordinaty crime; if efteemed:a crime, in that Nation ) inthe night time ;, being let ro know by the report ofa €anon,. that his will was fulfilled., Amongit. whom ic was given out, that the Vite-roys natarall Son of Sicilia, was one ( a youth lately taken prifoner; and prefented unto hitm ) yet but fo faid,to be, to dif-hearten fuch as fhiovild praétice his efcape. His valour. refts yet untryed; having made no warre but by difputacion: nor is it thought that he greatly affeéts it: difpaiting of long life in regard of his corpulency. . Whereupon he is now building a magnificent Mofque,. for the health of his foul, allof white Marbles at the Eaft-end, and South-fide of the Hippodrom ; where he firft broke the earth., and wrought three hours in per- fon. The like did the Baffas: bringing with them, prefents,of money, and flaves to further the building. His; occupation ¢ for they are all tyed to have. one ) is the making of Ivory rings 5 which they weat on_thetr thambs when, they thot, whereupon he works daily. His Turbant is. like infhape to a pompton, but thrice as great. His under and upper garmentsare lightly of white fattin, or cloth of fil- ver tiffaed with an eye of green, and wrought in great branches. He hath not fo few four as thowfand perfons that feed and live within his Seraglo ; befides Capa- gies, of whom there are five hundred attired like Fanszarzes but only that they - want the focket in the front of the bonnets, who wait by fifties at every gate. The chief Officers of the Court are the Mafter.( as we may term him ) of the Re- quefts, the Treafurer and Steward of his houfhold, his Cup-bearer, the Aga of the women, the Controller of the Femoglans : who alfo fteereth his barge, and is the principal Gardiner. Divers of thefe Femoglans marching before the Grand Signi- or at folemn fhews, in a vain oftentation of what they will undergo for. their Lord, gathering up the skin of their Temples, do thruft quills thorough, and ftick thereff feathers fora greater bravery: fo wear they them to their no {mall trou- ble, untill the place puttifie ; and fome, when the old breaks ous, make new holes | oclofe os ase Sultans Achmet. LIB Ti clofe tothe broken. Yeathe flandard-bearers of this crue,thruft the ftaves' fomerimes “of their ftandards thorow the skin and fat of their bellies, refting the lower eid on ‘a flirrop of leather, and fo bear them thorow-the City. Fifty Mutes fie hath’born deaf arid dumb, ‘whereof fome few'be his daily companions; the relt.are his Pages. © It isa wonderfulith ing to’ fee how readily they can apprehend; ‘and relate by lipns, even matters of préar difficuley.Not to fpeak of the-multitudeof Eunuches, che footmen of his guard,-¢ooks, Sherbet-men ( who make-the fore-faid beverage) gardeners and horle-keepéfs’: we'now.will treat of his women : wherein we will include: thefe as well without'as within his Seraglio. And firft begin we with his Virgins;‘of whom there-ate feldome fo few’ as: five hundred, kept in a Seraglioby therafelves;:and attendede on only by women, ‘and unuches. ' They all ot chem are his flaves'y ‘either takerin the wwarrs,' or from theit Chriftians parents + and’are indeed the'choicelt’ beauties: of the Empire: “They are not to be prefented to the Emperour’,<'untill certain’ inronths be expired’ after their entrance; in which time they are purged and dyeted;: according to thecuftome of the antient. Perfians.’ When it is his pleafure to-have one? they ftand ranckt in a gallery, and (he prepared for his bed, ‘to whomrhe givetti his hiand-kercheér':: who is delivered to the aforefaid. Aga of the women'( a Negto Eunuch ) and’ conducted by him into'the Sultans Seraglio. She that beareth him the firft fon, ‘is ‘honoured with the title of Sultana. - But/for all his multitude of women; fe-hath yee begoté ten but two fons and thiee daughters, though-he be that: way vn-fatiably given, ( perhaps the caufe that hehath fo few ) and’ ufeth all forts of food ‘that‘may'ena- ble performance, He cannot miake a free woman his Coneubine: nor have’ to dé with her whom he hath freed, unlefs he do marry her.: ‘This. was well known to the wickedly witted'Roxolanx : who pretending devotion,and defirous forthe health, for-footh, of her foul'to ere&t-a Temple, with an Hofpital 3 ithparting her’ mind to the A4ufii, was'told by him, that it would not be acceptable to God; af built, by a bond-woman. Whereupon fhe put ona habic-of a-counterfeic forrow.s “which pof- feft the doting Solyman with: fuch a compaflion;‘that* he forthwith gave ‘her fer freedome that fhe might purfue her intention.» But having after a while fent ‘for her by an Eunuch, fhe cunningly’ excufed her not comming ;*:as touched in confcience with the un-lawfulnefs of the-faét, now being free, and therefore nor: to iconfent tinto his pleafuire. So he, whofe foul did abide inher, and'not able to live without her, was conftrained to marry her; The only mark'that fhe aimed at, and. where- on fhe grounded her fucceeding Tragedies. ‘This -alfo hath marryed: his Concubine, the mother of his younger fon, ( the being dead by whom he had the. eldeft ) who with all thé praétices of a politick ftep-damie; endeavours to fettle the fucceflion orf her own: adding as it is thought, the power of Witchcraft tothat of her beaury, fhie being paffionately beloved of the Sultan. Yer is fhe ealled Cafeck Cadoun s which is; the Lady without hair: by Nature her felt, both graced and fhamed.. Now when the Salta dyeth, all his women ate carryed into.another Seragiio; where thofe remain that were his Predeceflors, being’ there both ri@ly» look unto, and liberally provided for. The Grand Signior not feldome beftowing fome of them Cas of his Virgins, and the women of his‘ownSeraglio ) upon his great Baffas and others ; whichis accounted’a principal honour... But for his daughters, fitters; and aunts, they have the Bafa given them for their husbands, thé Siilran faying thus, Here, Sifter, I give thee this man to thy flave, together with this dagger, that if he pleafethee not thon mayft kill him. Their husbands come not unto them untill’ they be called’: if bur for fpeech only, their fliooes ‘which they: put -off at the door, are there fuffered to remain : butif to lye with them, they are laid over the bed by an Eunuch: a fign for them to approach ; who creep in unto them at the beds -feer. Maufiaphaand Hadir (two of the Vifiers of the Port) have jenarryed: this: Sulrans fifter and neece 5 and A¢ahomet Baffa of Cairo, his daughter :oa child of fix: years old; and he about fifty, having had.prefents fent him according co the Turkefh fo- lemnities, who giveth two hundred thouland Suleanies in dowry. Not much in habit do the women of the Seraglio differ from other, but that the Favourite wears the ornament of her head more high, and of a particular fafhion, of beaten gold, and inchafed with gems; from the top whereof there hangeth a. veil that reacherl to her ankles + the reft have their bonnets mote depteffed, yet rich; with their haix difheveled. | | When the Sultan entertaineth Embafladours ; he fitteth in a room of white marble, gliftring with gold and ftones, upon a low throne, fpread with curious Rots | cars LIB. I. Sultan Achmet. a carpets, and accommodated with cufhions of admirable work-man-fhips the Baffas of the bench being by, who ftand like fo many ftatues without fpeech or motion. Itis now a cuftome that none doe come into his prefence without prefents: firft faftned upon his Baffas, as they fay, by a Perfian Embafladour, who thereupon fent word to the Sophy his mafter, that he had conquered Turkie. The {tranger that ap- yoacheth him is led between two:a cuftome obferved ever fince the firftAmurath was dain by the Servian Cobelitz, a common fouldier, who inthe overthrow of Coffova, rifing from amongft the dead bodies, and reeling with his wounds, made towards the Sultan, then taking a view of the flain, as if he had fomething to fay - by whom ad- mitced to fpeech, he forth-with ftab’d him with a dagger hid under his caffock for that purpofe, They go back-ward from hirh and never pull of their hats : the fhewing of the head being held by the Turk_ to be an opprobrious indecency. Now when he goeth abroad, whichis lightly every other Friday ( befides at other times, upon other occalions ) untothe Mofque: and when in ftate; there is notinthe worldto . be feen a greater {peétacle of humane glory, and if ( fo I may {peak ) of fublimated man-hood. For although, as hath been faid, the Temple of Santa Sophia, which he moft ufually frequenteth, is not above a {tones caft from the out-moft gare of the Se- raglio, yet hath he not fo few as a thoufand horfe (befides the archers of his guard and other foot-men) in that fhort proceflion : the way on each fide inclofed as well with- in as without, with Capagies, and Fanizaries, in their fcarlet gowns, and particular head-ornaments. The Chian/es ride fore-moft with their gilded maces; then the Cap- tains of the Famizaries with their Aga; next the Chief-tains.of the Spachses ; after them the Sanziaks : thofe of the fouldiery wearing in the fronts of their bonnets the feathers of the birds of Paradife, brought out of Arabia, and by fome efteemed the Phoenix. Then follow the Baffa and Beglerbegs : after them the Prztorian foot-men, called the Solacchs, whereof there be in number three hundréd. Thefe are attired in caifouns and fmocks of calico, wearing no more over them than half-fleeved coats of crimfon damask, the skirts cuckt under their girdles = having plumes of feathers in the top of their copped bonnets : bearing quivers at their backs, with bowes ready bent in their left hands, and arrows in their right : ‘gliding along with a marvellous celerity. After them feven or nine goodly horfes are led, having caparifons and trap- pings of ineftimable value 5 followed by the idolized Sultan gallantly mounted.About whom there run forty Peichi, ( fo called, inthat they are natural Perfians ) in high- crowned brimlefs caps of beaten gold, with coats of cloth of gold girt to them with a girdle called Chochiab: the Pages following inthe rear, and other Officers of. the houfhold. But what moft deferveth admiration amongft fo great a concourfe of peo~ ple, is their general filence : infomuch as had you but only ears, you might fuppofe ( except when they falute him with a fhort and foft murmure ) that men were then folded in fleep, and the world in midnight. He that brings him good news (as unto others of inferjour condition ) receiveth his reward, which they call AZaffolooke. But this Sultan to avoid abufes in that kind, doth forth-with commit them ro prifon, untill their reports be found true or falfe , and then rewards or punifheth accordingly. Al-. though he (pends moft of his time with his women ; yet fometimes he recreates him- felf in hawking : who for that purpofe hath ( I dare not name /) how many thoufand Faulkners in penfion, difperfed thoroughout his dominions : and many of them ever attendant. Their long-winged hawks they whiftle not off as we do: but putting a bridle about their necks, they make them couch to their fifts, and fo galloping to the brook, fling them off at the fowl, being reared fuddenly by the noyfe of a drum that hangs at cheir pummels, by ufe made canning in that kind of preying. They carry them oni the right hand. A hardy hawk is highly efteemed ; and they have a kind of them called Spahans, much lefs than a Falcon : yet fo ftrangely couragious, that no- ching flyeth in the air that they will not bind with. They alfo hawk at the field, for I have feen them carry fpaniels with them: yet thofe in beauty not like unto ours, but of abaftard generation. They feed their hawks with hard egges when flefh is wanting and feldome beftow of them the mewing. The old world, as is thought, was ignorant ofthis fport: being rarely, if mentioned, by any antient Author; fo that faid by forme to have been invented by , Fredericke Barbaroffa, during the time that he be-, leaguered Rome with his Army. But this diftich of AZartia’ doth confute that opi- Rien. The 59 60. Of the Grecians. LIB. I. Priedo fait Volucruth, famulus munc aucupis idem. The thief of fowle,the fowlers thief, now makes Decipit, & captas non fibi meeret aves. Her mone, that (he fowle for another takes. - Although he affeéts not hunting, yet he entertains a number of huntfmen. Their dogs they let go out of fhips in purfuit of the Wolf, the Stag, the Bore, the Leopard, &c. Thole that ferve for that purpofe are ftickle haired, and nor un-Jike the Irifh gray-hounds.. . ; ot i Now the yearly revenue which he hath to defray his exceffive disburfements, fuch a world of people depending upon him; amounts not to above fifteen millions of Swl- tanies, Cbelides the entertainment for his Témariots ) which is no great matter, confi- dering the amplitude of his dominions, being pofleft of two Empires, above twenty Kingdomes, befides divers rich and populous Cities ; together with the Red, mott of the Mid-land, the Aigean, Euxine, and Proponticke feas. But it may be imputed to the ” barbarous watts of the Turkih conquefts: who depopulate whole countries, and never - re-edifie what they ruine. So that a great part ofhis Empire is but thinly inhabited, (I except the Cities) and that for the moft part by Chriftians: whofe poverty is their only fafety and proreétrefs. But his cafuall in-comes do give a thain acceffion to his treafury: as taxes, cuftomes, {poiles, and extortions. For as inthe fea the greater fithes do feed on the lefs, {odo the Great ones here on their inferiours, and he on them all: being, as afore-faid, the Commander of their’ lives, and generall heit of their fubftances. He hath divers Mines of gold and filver within his dominon: that of Silderocap/a in eM acedon having been as beneficial unto him as the largeft City of ‘ his Empire, called antiently Chryfites : and not unknown to Philip the father of A- lexander;who had the gold from thence wherewith he coyned his Philzps,as alfo from thofe of Cranider, from whencehe yearly extraéted a thoufand talents. He hath only. two forts of coyn: the Sulranie and eAfper. The Sultanze is equal in value to the Ve~ nice Zecceene, and fix-{core .A/pers amount toa Sultanie, called rather Afpro, of the whitenefs thereof, in that conlifting of filver. 3 Constantinople is {aid to contain feven hundred thoufand perfons : half of them Turks, and the other half Fews and ChriStians, andthofe for the generall, Grecians. But Pera hath three Chriftians for one Mahometan: for no Few dwells in Pera, though they have their fhopsthere. We omit to {peak of the Fews, untill we come into Fewry; and now will bend our difcourfe to the Grecians:a Nation no lefs fcattered than they, but infinitely more populous. For not only three parts of the Inhabitants of all Greece and Romania are Grecians,but almoft all that dwell in the Iflands of the Mid-land Sea, Propontis and Ageum. Infinite numbers there are of them both in the Leffe, and the Greater Afia,and in Africanot a few. For (befides divers Colonies by them formerly planted) when Antipater, Perdicas, Selencus ,Lyfimachus , Antigonus ,Ptolomey,and the reft of the fucceflors of e4lexander had fhared his Empire among them, they endea- voured as much as they could to plant his new-got kingdomes with their countrey- men: whofe pofterity in part remaineth to thisday, (though vaflaled to the often changes of forain Governours:) fupplyed by the extention of the latter Greek Empire; who yet retain wherefoever they live, their Name, their Religion, and particular. language. A Nation once fo excellent, that their precepts and examples do {till remain as approved Canons to direét the mind that endeavoureth virtue. Admirable -inarts, and glorious in arms, famous for government, affectors of freedome, every way noble: and to whom the reft of the world were reputed Barbarians. But now their knowledge is converted, as. I may fay, into affected ignorance, ( for they have no fchools of Jearning amongft them ) their liberty into contented flavery, having loft their minds with their Empire. For fo bafe they are, as thought itis, that they had rather remain as they be, than endure a temporary trouble by prevailing‘ fuc- cours, and would with the J/raelites repine at their deliverers. Long after the lofs of their other virtues they retained their induitry - ; Ingenium velox, audacia perdita, fermo_ Quick. witted, wondrous bold, well fpoken, then Promptus, & jpocipis a i ic eee : Ijans fuenter : tell, who all men Effe putes, quemvis hominum fecum attuit ad nos : : ) E ie; Grammaticns, Rheror, Geomerres, Pier, Aliptes, Brought Wi th hm elf: Sooth i a) 8 aPhyfician, Magician, Rhetorician, Geometrician, [Augur, Schoenobates, Medicus, Magus ; omnia novit : ' Greculus efuriens 5 incoclam jufferis, ibet, Grammarian, Painter, Rope-walker. All knows Jax: Sat. 7: : The needy Greck; bid goto heaven, be goes. Nate ae ~ Bag + LIB. I, Of the Grecians: es , br But now they delight in eafe, in fhades, in dancing and drinking s and no further for the moft part endeavour their profic, than their bellies compel! them. They are generally taxed by the flranger Chriftians of perfidioufnefs’: infomuch as it is grown into a Proverb, Chi fida in Grego, fara intrigo, inthem more antiently noted. - By others heads the Grecians were : Pe —~ Nondum Grecis jurare paratie . Per caput alterius, : Lefs prone themfelves than to forfwear. ‘ javeee An oath in ufe at this day: as it is with the Tark when he moft defireth to be belie- ved. Nor will they themfelves truft any ; whereof comes that other Proverb, To trade with Grecian Truft. Mercari Greeca fide, which is.not to part with their wates without money. There,be divers \rich men of them in Pera: but thofe’l think were defcended of the Genoefi, who were,as hath been. faid, the owners of that City. Many of them “exercife merchandize in veflels called Carmafals ; and have of late gotten the ufe of the Compafs, yet dare they not ad- venture intothe Ocean. They are of divers trades in Cities, and in the Conntrey do till the earth ( for the European Turks do little meddle with husbandry ) and drefs theirvines, by them-orily planted. They have a ceremony of baptizing of their wines ; whichis the reafon that the Fews will not drink thereof ; performed in the “memory, and on that day wherein Chrift converted water into Wine: the Priet in the midit of his oraifons pouring thereintoa {mall quantity of water. Their antient habits may be conceived’ by that defcription of Homer, . He putteth ou acoat, fine, fair, and new, » _—-—mollem autem induit tunica; Ralchyam, novam: circa autem magnum jecit palliyny’ hen over that an ample cloak he threw : > : circa autem mag jecit pallium? A ty: . a Pedibus autem fub teneris ligavit pulchra calceamenta, And ties to his feet gay foooes. ee ela sea, Wearing their hair long, being frequently called by him. . Be 3 The long: hair'd Greekse vedi of | Achiyi comati But now both in cut andattire they doe inmoftthings agree with. the people whom they live under, likethe Venetians in:the Venetian cerritories,and like Turks in T; urkies as alfoin their: mannerss The: half-fleeved :gowny-of violec cloth, with bonnets of the femé, or divers coloured :flafhes,> is chere. moft appropriate unto them: but the Greek: Genoefes in Pera wear their gowns black jand of richer ftuffs. with velvet caps, Not unlike unto thofe that were in fafhion amongft us.» |The antique Grectans uled to lievahong at theit meals; :from whom ‘the Romanes: received. that cuftome, as they from the effeminave:Afians; upon’ beds.that circled three parts of the table, which was round-andlow, (che wavers-{tanding inthe vacant-part, and, behind. them ) leaning on their elbows raifeds with piliows,:in their feaftings crowned with chaplets of flowers, and gatlandsof lawrell : but the Women did fit when admitted; which was . rately amongit them >forthem to lie. along, efteemed: too provokingly lafcivious. The number of the convivals:at private entertainments:exceeded not nine, nor were under threes proportionating themfelves mnt6 the Graces and A4nfes. And.asit thould feem, they drank in-that. manner, | hs aes | ; oentTo three or nine: isl sviiiminG arses lo ey —-—tribus aut Novem me Filhbouls befiering full of iwithedyy olsun vail Mifcentur cyathis pocula commodis] lps cana Let vavi(ht Poets drink thrice threéjiooh vio aes 4 Os Te | oe " : Te a Thos tres cyathos attonitus petit | Of whom the un-even Mules be Saloup: Loh at ‘Vates, tresprohibet fupra "BB élo vd ‘The Grace mifédoubting JALTES oe i -JITO Ruxarum metuens tangere Gratia, Link to her naked fifters, barres. sisio%s outs 1 Nudis juntta fororibus, Draughts that exceed their numbers. Horat. 1.3. Od. rg. To which add that Greek Proverb; ‘Na iP * Drinkthree, or threethyide taldy\ > Ter bibe, vel toties ternos? fic myftica lex él, A myftick law of old. — A myftick law of old. G Together 62 Of the Grecians. : LIB. I. Together with their fong, Aut quinque bibe, aut tres, at non quatuor. Three drink, if more s Five, but not four. Of their frft cups they fhed a little on the table, as an offering to fome of the gods, whom they defired to be propitious, as they did of the reft in the honour of their friends particular named; drinking fmall draughts at the beginning, until they arri- ved at the height of intemperancy § and fotmetimes as many together, as there were letters contained in the names of their miftreffes : Nervia fex cyathis, feptem Juftina bibatur, Six healths to Nevia drink, feven to Fuftina, Quingue Lycas, Lyde quituor, Ida tribus. To Lycas five, to Lyde fe our, and three to Ida. Mart. Epig. |. 1. ep. 27. Infomuch that thofe were proverbially faid to Greek it, that quafe in that fafhion. At thefe, but more temperate drinkings, wherein they confumed moft of the night, the chiefeft fort confulted of matters of State ; as appeareth by Neflors advice to Agae, MENON 5 Prvbe conv:vium fenibus, decet te, nec indicens eft : Feaft thou the eAncient, if it befit st by pl a Plena tibi vino tentoria, quod naves Achtvorum With wine byGreek (Lips daily brouch : ; s ught from? Quotidiane ex Thracia per latum pontumadvehunts — py pengs pe vg u: sion at sa i fromthrace, Oninis ubyelt commoditas excipiend! multifq; imperas. Mult’s autem congregatis, illi obedies qui optumum Of all forts haft thon, and men at command. Cenfilium confuluerit. MM. any affembled fo, among ft the reft, Ii.J, His counfel follow that advifeth bef : : and the grave difcourfed of Philofophy : but of fuch as was pleafant as well as profi- table, and delightful unto the hearers -_ as may appear. by ‘Plato’s conuzvinm, and Plu. tarch’s Sympoftacks : the firft named, dying at fuch a banquet, in the four-fcore and one year of his age, and on the feventh of November, which was alfo his birth day. And although the Greeks do now for: the moft part imitate the Turks, ( I mean here in Turkee ) in fitting at their meat, yet retain they ftill that vice of immoderate drink- ing. They pledge one another in order ; and he that calls for wine out of his turn, is reputed uncivil. Their glaffes are little, but at every draught emptied ; and when they have once drunk hard, they obferve no rule; bur provoke one another to ex- cefs. Never filent, and ever and anon kiffing thofe that fit next them on the check and fore-head : and fo likewife they do in their falurations after along abfence, and to thofe to whora they would give an aflurance of their good will. Ufed of long, as appeareth by the Scriptures, amongft thefe Eaftern nations. But to kifs their women is an unfufferable wrong; unlefsit be between the Refurreétion and Afcenfion ; ufing alfo this greeting, that, Our Saviour is rifen. The women for the moft part are brown of complexion, but exceedingly well-favoured and exceflively amorous. Their gar- ments differ little from theirs amongft whom they live; yet have they in Pera this * seerke particular fafhion. * They cover not their faces ( the virgins excepted ) unlefs it be wext page. with painting, ufing all the fupplement of a fophifticate beauty. And not without caufe, for when they grow old, they grow moft contemptible; being put todo the drudgery of the houfe, and many times to wait on their children. They. are coftly in their attire > and will complain to the Patriarch, if. their husbands maintain them not according to their fubftances. The Greeks, as the Turks, do ule little houfhould- ftuff, and lye upon miattreffes. ae nee 1 need not to fpeak of the excellency of their Primitive Janguage; excellent! in're- gard of the Philofophy and liberal Sciences,together with the Divinity delivered, there- ing and excellent in it felf, for the lofty found, fignificant expreffions, and genuine foavity ; for which it grew in fo much requeft amongft the Roman Dames, that they generally ufed it in their Court-thips, mad¢ thereby ( as they thought .) ‘more grace= fal and amiable; whereof the Satyre thus exclameth, veathi| hades at kaa Nam quid rancidius, quam quod fe non putet ulla . None be with their own beauties well apaid, Formofam, nifi que de Thufca ‘gunn fata elt : If of a Thufcan nota Grecsan made.) ¢3./ Hoc fermone pavent * hoc iram, gaudia, curass O grofs ! In Greck they fear, fret , joy deplore. Hec cunéta effundunt animi fecreta, Quid ultra 2 ore. « ya efiundane ani Ee es In Greek all their fonts feerers vent >What more? Is ‘ete. OF the Greckaat: In Greek they couple: This to girles allow. Concumbunt Grxee, Doiies taimcn illd puiellis 8 Greek yet #fe you, whom eighty fix years bow, Tunc etiam,quam fextus & o€togefimus annuus, Even unto death?In th’old tis tmpudence} As oft as that light fheech incites the fenfe ; My life, my foul. In vetula, quoties lafcivium intervenit illud ; Bail % Lypeits Juv. Sat. 64 cae But now the Grecians themfelves, ( except fome few ) are ignorant therein; it being called the Latine Greek, and is a language peculiar to the learned. Yet the vulgar Grea doth not differ fo far from the fame; as the Italian from the Latine : -corrupted not fo. much by the mixture of other tongues, as through a fupine rerchléfnefs. In fome pla- ces they {peak it more purely than in others. For the boyes of Pera will laugh, wheri they hear the more barbarous dialeét of other Maritime Grecians. And there be yet of the Laconians that {peak fo good Greek( though nor grammatically ) that they un-, derftand the learned, and underitand not the vulgar. “Their Liturgy is. readin the an-- cient Greek, with not much more profit pertiaps to the rude people, than the Lating Service of the Romifhi Church to the illiterate Papifts; = They have four Patriarchs : One of Conflantinople, another of Alexandria, the third’ of Ferufalem,and the fourth of Antioch. He of Conftantinople hath under his jurifditi- on all Peloponne/us,Grecia, | bracia, Dacia, Mafia, Macedonia,Epirus, Albania,Dalmatia, Ulyriaja great part of Polonia, Ruffia,che Mflands of the Adriatick Sea, and of the Archi-- elagus with Candy Rhodes Coos almoft all the lefler Afia, Colchis not a few that inha-. bi about the Fenns of Afeotis, and-Northern fhore of Euxinus: as Sicilia and Calabria were, until hey turned to the See of Rome. Under the Patriarch of ¢lexandria are’ thofe of Egype.and Arabia, The Greeks of Paleffine, and of the countreys thereabour,’ do obey the Patriarch of Ferufalem. And he of Antioch,who hath his feat in Damafins’ (for Astiochia is now defolate hath fubje& unto, him the Greciaws of the lefler Arme= mia,Cilicia, Beritus, \ripoly, Aleppo, and other places of the greater Afia. In all thefe’ parts they have the free exercife of their Religion:with publick Templesjand numbers’ of {trong Monafteries. If a Patriarch die, another is eleéted by a Synod of Bifhops.— But the-Patriarch, of Conftantinople hath the {upremacy of the reft affigned him by the’ Council of Chalcedon, as Metropolitan of the Imperial City + whofe Diocefs exceed- 7 eth the other fo much, in that moft: of thofe Northern Nations were won to Ghri-" ftianity by the induftry of his predeceffors : and reduced to their government. So if we do confider it, the Greesax Religion both in extent.and number exceedeth the Ros, onan. And as the Papifts attribute an extraordinary holinefs to Rome, fo do the Greeks unto ethos, a mountain of Macedonia; fo named of Arhon the fon of Neprwne, G 2 decks Pulfat adhuc Grece? Non efthic fermo pudicus This figure belongeth Bo the for< wer pag. bin.45.b08 could noe ~ Ge there . placed, b4 * Mee: |. Lind deckt with ftill-lowrithing trees, and abounding with fountains: called alfo, The Holy Mountain by the Chriftians. A place from the beginning dedicated to Religi- on: lying dire&ly Weft from Lemnos, and fo high, that though ic be feven hundred furlongs diftant 3 yet iris faid alittle before the fetting ofthe Suntocafta thadow on that Ifland. Whereupon the proverb : : Athos celat latera Lemniz bovis. Af piring eAthos hides The Lemnian hetfers fides. - from feveral Nations. The Pattiarch of Conftantinople’ is faid to pay yearly to the LBL. OF the Grecians. 6% nefdays, Fridays, and an holy eves: but on Saturdays they feaft, in regard that it was _ the oid Sabbath. They compute the year as we do. They yeild no fupremacy ro the ‘Roman Papacy, burhold that Church for fchifmatical. And although many times ont of the neceflity of their affairs, and to purchafe relief, they have treated of a re~ conciliation : and fomtimes it hath been by their Agents concluded : yer what they have done, hath been generally reje&ted upon their return; both by the Greeks, ‘and) > ~ thofe other Nations that profefs their Religion. Of their marriages T have elf. °° where {poken, and now conclude we will with their funerals : wherein they retain nat a few of their ancient and heathen ceremonies. Of old the neareft in love or kin« dred laid their mouths unto theirs, to receive their laftibreath: and clofed the eyes of the dying. : His body (hers) fhe imbrac’d : and difmad, =fociofque ampleGtitur artagp en 0 Between hes lips, ber cleaving foul convaid roe sushi rg ee in ora mari y4 “A bi yes: eC fankuats & chara preiiit {ua lumina dextras And with her dear hand clos d his fightle{s eyes: rae Gi a dedtra Being dead, they wafhed their bodies with fweet oyls, crowned them with garlands: of flowers, and clothed them (as they now do) in their richeft apparell: for fear, faith the feoffer Luctan, that they fhould take cold by the way, or be feen naked by Cerberus; decking their houfes with branches of cyprefles a tree deftinated to the dead . in thar once-being cut, it never reflourifheth. So laying them upon their backs on beds, they conveyed them unto the funeral pile (as now unto the grave) on beeress Bur their lamentations are the fame that they were, and beyond ail civilliry. . The women betimes in the morning do meet at appointed places, and then cry ont main- ly ; beating of their brefts, tearing their hair, their faces and garments: And that the clamour may be the greater, they hire certain Fewi(h women : Who Grecian woes wail with fain'd piety, nf HD pietate dolores end at (not their own) funeralls do cry : Gene that have lowdeft voices, joining therewith the praifes of the dead, from the hour ofhis Nativity, unto the hour of his diffolution: and keeping time with the melan. cholick mufick. The manner of their lamentings of old may appear by this ironical perfonating of father following the exequies oi his fon, introdugted by Lucian: O my foveet for thon art loft, thou art dead: dead before thy day, and haft left me behind of men the most miferable. Not experienced in the pleafurcs of a wife, the comfort of children, warfare, husbandry . not attained to maturity. Eenceforth, O my fon, thon fhalt aot eat, nor love, nor be drunk among ft thy equalls. And although thefe Ethnick la- mentations reptoved in the Scripture were prohibited by the Athenian Law-giver, the. Civil law, and laftly by the Venetians within their Greek jarisdiGion 5 yer ftill the Grecians do ufe them.Nor-want they ftore of fpeétators:partly drawn higher to delight their eyes, and partly by jealoufie. For then the choice and prirne women of the City Cif the deceafed were of note) do affilt theit obfequies, with bofoms difplaid, and their hair difheveled+ glad that they have the occafion to manifeft their beauties, which at other times is fecluded from admirers. Theancient Greeks wont to cut their locks, and cover the corfe therewith before they committed it tothe fire: asin the funeral of Patroclus. His corps with curles they covered, Capillis antem totum mortauth tegebant quos injiciebant Shorn from each mourning Princes head. - Tondentes—-—Hom. Il, 23. When e4chilles, Al part the pile cuts bis long yellow hatr, Stans feorfum a pyra flavam abfcidit comain; To Spergins vewed upon hts home repair. Quam Sperchio fluvio nutriebat florefcentem. : tt noth he for that I never fleall return — Dixit, queniam non redibo amplius dile@am in pattiani : : oe Patroclo heroi prebeo afportandum. Tomy lov'd foyle, 1 givethefeto be born = gi Pe manibus dileéti focii By dear Patroclus to the dead. This faid, Pofuit—-—_— In his friends hand he his fair treffes laid. Idem, : And Lycurgus in that of his fons, : De oe et i oi Fits locks cropt he, and therewith did befpread Ceiariem ferro minuit, feCtigue jacienté bid be b | he dead Obnubuit tenuia ora comis, There as he lay, the pale face of the dead. Statins Theb, 1s 6, G 3 They Mygdoniofque colunt, & non fua funera polranté 66) Of the Grecians. LIB, §. They burnt with the body, if of principal regard, rich odours, apparel, herds of cat- tel, Hocks of fheep, horfes, hounds, and fometimes the Concubines and flaves whom they moft refpeéted, to fupply their wants, to ferve their delights, and attend upon tkem inthe lower fhades.. And eZcbilles ; ‘ : Duodeciny etiam Trojanorum magnanimorum filios fortes Typelve Trojan youths of hopeful fortitude, ; 3 Ferro mactavit: mala autem mente meditabatur opera : Inqueignis robur projecit ferreum, ut depafcantur, Hom. I. 1. 23.' All high-born flue;with favage thought endw d: And gave for food to the tron force of fire. But to end:with Papinius his defcription of that funeral fire, wherein the body of eArchemorus was confumed, and appertaining folemnities : "TK —~-— Non unquam opulentior illo iAntecinis; crepitant gemmz atque immane li- quctctt . neath ‘Argentum & pictis exudat veflibus aurunt. Nec non Affyriis pinguefcunt robora fuccis, Pallentique croco flridént ardentia mella, Spumantefque mero paterz verguntur, & atri Sanguinis & rapti gratiflima cymbia lactis. Tunc feptem numero tutmas (centenus ubique Never were afhes with more wealth vepleat : Gems crackle, filver melts, gold drops with heat, Embroidered robes confume. Okes fatned by The juyce of {weet Alfyrian gums, flame high. Fir’d honey and pale {affron bifs : full bowls Of wine pour'don , and gobblets (gladding fouls) Of black bloud,and {ratchet milk. The Greek Kings then With guidons trail’d on earth, led forth their men In fever bands ; an hundred in each band Who gsrt the pile, and move to the left hand ; Choking the flame with daft. Thrice it they round. Their weapons clajh: four times a horrid found i Struck armours rais'a : as oft the fervants beat Their bared breafts with out-cries.Herds of Neat And beafts half flain, another waftful fire Devoures, Fs Surgit eques ) verfis ducunt infignibus ipii — Grajugene Reges, Iuftrantque ex more finiftro Orbe rogum, & ftantes inclinant pulvere fam- MaSy» Ter curvos egere finus, illifaque telis Tela fonant; quater horrendtini pepuleré fra- gorem ‘Arma,quater mollem famularunybrachia plan- éum ; Bae Semianimes alter pecudes, fpirantia & ignis. Accipit armenta, Kc. | ee Stat. Theb. 1. 6. The reafon why the Grecians did burn their dead, was, becaufe that part which was ' divine in them, fhould as it were in a fierie Chariot, again re-afcend ro the celeftial habitations; as unto earth the earchly returned. They ufed to quench the fire with ved wine, and gathering the bones together to include them in urnes, as the urnes in fepulchres, (which had no title, uhlefs they were flain infighting for their countrey ) exhibiting games, and prizes for the Vitors in honour of the deceafed. Notwithftanding all were not burnt, bur fome buried in their apparel, as now being Chriftians they are > who ufe extreme unction, as induéted by Saint Fames , yet not ofily deny the Roman opinion of purgatory : but furthermore, many among{t them erroneoufly maintain, that neither the fouls of the bleffed nor damned do fuffer either joy or torment, or fhall till che general Judgement. But enough of the Grecians, he German Emperour, the Kings of England, and of France, have here their Leiger Embaffadours: as the Venetians their Baily, and divers tributary Princes their Agents. Some meerly employed about State-affairs , others together there- with, about the traffick of their Nations. But the Exglifh only negotiates for the Merchants; having two in the hundred upon every fhip, belides a large penfion : with the name of a great proportion of provilion from the Grand Signior. The Eng- lifh Confalfhip of Chios isin his difpofing, and accountable to him ; and out of that of Alexandria he hath no fmall fhare, though ferved by a French man. There hath been fome contention between him and the Frezch about the proteétion of the Dutch Merchants; but now they do divide the profits. The &xglifh Conful of Aleppo isabfolute of himfelf: yet hath from hence his redrefles of injuries : whofe chief employment is to proteét the perfons and goods of our Nation, to labour 2 revenge of wrongss and a reftitution of loffes. And to give * This no more than his due, for his place no man can be more fufficient: expert in their language, and by 2 long experience in their natures and praétices : being moreover of fuch a fpirit, as not to be daunted. And furely his chiefeft fault hath been his mis-fortune; in the too violent, chargeable, and fuccefslefs foliciting of the reftitution of the Prince of eMoldavia, ( whom adverfity hath rather made crafty than honeft : } whofe houfe doth harbour both him and his dependants: being open alfo to all of our Nation. A ‘ Sanétuary for poor Chriftian flaves that fecretly Aly hither; whom he caufeth to be conveyed into their countries: and redeemeth not a few with his money. The 2 Weftern LIB. 1. Of the Franks. Weftern Chriftians are called Franks, that are admitted to trade here: either of the name which fignifieth free, or for that the French men were the firft that had amity and traflick with the Infidels, They live freely,. and plentifully : and many of thém will not lie alone where women are fo ealily-come by. For befides the afore- faid markets, itis a ufe, not prohibited but only by our Religion, to purchafe for their - Concubines the beautiful daughters ot the Greesans, wherewith the adjoyning Iflands are plentifully ftored: fold by'their parents at arate; whereof they have half in hand, amd the reft when they put-them away 3 recording the contraét in the Cadies book. Thefe are to their lovers exceeding obfequious ; well knowing that at the fecond hand they fhall be prized but as aworn garment. But death it 1s for a Chri- {tian ro meddle witha eAabometan woman. And many times the treacherous Turks will pra@tife to bring therh into fafpition, thar they may. with their purfes redeem thecalumny. Praétifed of late between the Subaffee of Galata an Italsan Frier ; whom the Lord Embafladour had received into his houfe upon the Confuls of Chios com- mendation; where } before had feen him. A man ignorant in learning, yet learned in the art of villany and diffimulation. Expulfed, as they fay, at Conflantinople from a-' mongit their fraternity; coming down into Chios, he had infinuated him(elf into the Knowledge of the Conful : profefling how God in his mercy had opened his eyes,! to behold the vanity and deceit of their Religion ; and thar now he would endeavour both with tongué and pen, as much as in him lay, to reduce the feduced from their er- rors. Who ealily perfwaded to believe, (a fault incident to the beft natures ) fent him up unto Conjfantinople, unto the Embafladors, by whom ( cafting off the weeds of his‘ Order ) he was clothed anew, fet at hisTable, and fupplyed with money bya general contribution ; where he preached every Sunday, -at the leaft wittily : And fo contefted with the Francifcans that came to reconcile him, that the Embaffadour,' much contented therewith, fencintelligence of the fame into Exgland, with purpofe rohave fent him hither fhortly after. But he whofe only religion (as himielf after confeffed ) was eating, drinking, and whoring ; who thought he had exchanged for _ the greater liberty, finding the contrary, and that he was to go into a country where + his impofture would not only be difcovered, but feverely chaftifed, caft about for ” himfelf, and confpired with the Subaffee, to bring certain Gentlemen that lay in the Embaffadours houfe, into a garden, where divers women fhould have been placed of purpofe; and fo to have been taken among{t them. But failing in that projeét, he failed notin another. For inthe houfe there was a Spamiard, of whom he informed the Subaffee that he was aSpy, and fecretly practifed the efcape of the Vice-roys natn- ral fon of Silicia: agreeing for a certain reward to betray him. So having enticed him to walk amongft the Graves ; upon a fign given, the Turks rufht in, and appre- hended him, clogging him with chains, and intending to torture out of him a conteffi- on. Whereof the Embaffadour hearing, and expoltulating the matter; the Subaffee told him that he wasa Spie, and difcovered the Intelligencer: wherein being fatished, and perhaps not unbribed, he granted his releafe. Buta heavy reckoning befell the Frier, that fufpected no fuch matter ; being thrown into prifon, and after brought toa pub- lick hearing before our whole nations : who fhewed how much a man could fay for himfelfin fo bad a caufe. Inthe end he was fent unto the Venetians Baylies, and thac in the night (left he fhould have cryed our that he would have turned Muffel-man, and have been taken from them ) who made fure to have him, and fent him (as they fay ) to row in the gallies at Candie. The principal commodities that out Merchants fetch from hence, are Turkse Carpets, Ghamolets, and Grogerams. They take in here alfo fome quantity of raw Silk, and Carpets of Perfia, brought over-land from thence by the edrmenian Merchants. But the Sultames, and efpecially the Royals of eight, wherewith this City is well ftored, and which in no place lofe of their value, is that they moft feck for by the fale of the Ware they bring hither. For although they lofe by their broad Cloths and Kerfies, yet amends is made by the plentiful re- turns of the Silks that are fent from Aleppo to Tripoly, and other commodities of the Levant purchafed with that money. The main of our commodities brought hither, is Cloth and Kerfies, bur Tinn is the moft profitable: here exceedingly ufed, and ex-, ceedingly wafted ; for they tinne the in-fides of their veflels, and monthly renew it. The Moffes teeth, all kind of Furrs, and wrought Iron, do here fell to much profit, with other wares, which I forbear to mention, fince it 1s no part of my skill or pro- feflion. ais ah FINIS LIBRI PRIMI. LHE.S ECON Da B-0. 0K: @aAnuary being now well fpent, we departed from Conflantinople in the Trinity of London: a thip of better defence than fail. By the way we made fome ftay before Callipoly, fending a fhore for the Con« ful: (an old Frier, and a boon companion ) who fick of his laft nights furfeits, fent his Drogerman with a Fanizary along with us, =) to clear our fhip below at the Caftles. Fur thefe two Forts com- is paflage of the Helle/pont : permitting no Chriftians thips ro pals out, untill there they have remained for three dayes, ( whereas the Turkifh fhips are difcharged in one ) that iffo be any ching hath been done above un-juftifiable, intelligence may be given: and there are alfo fearched for concealed Slaves, and goods contrabanded s which found, import no lefs than lofs both of fhipandliberty, eed Ne iil iii cit R= x moat Whe Hellespont s Pam A GAL SEALE Sy INS ER Pe A SOR ac PED See Pe: ‘A. Abydos) _ B. Seffos. C. Zenedos, D. Cape Fanizary appearing a-far off likerwo Iandsi Like thefe are thofe on the Straights of Bofphorns, by which the Turk, asit were, chaineth up the Propontick Sea: fo that none pa{sin or out, without his allowance, and difcharge of duties. A little fhort of thefe we came to an anchor. Right againft where we lay, and on Europes fide, ftands Aayto, called formerly Macidos, and Maditos: a \arge town, almoft altogether inhabited by Grecsans. On the top of a round hill there are the remains of an edifice, whofe ruine ig Lae (aes OO NM I daa ace LIBS Maditos. Samos 69 fwade that it flourifhed in the old worlds child-hood. The Inhabitants call it the - Virgin Tower: and that is all they can fay thereof, A wedding here in the fore- noon, entertained our time in the after-noon. They dance in rings about the Molfi- cian ; aman, and then a woman, taking hands a-crofs, and ufing variety of not un- comely aétion : the countrey wenches cloathed in damask and fattin, their hair and befoms fet forth with pearl and {tones : rich, if not counterfeit. Of thefe the day following we chet with divers carrying pitchers on their heads; and fluck with rags, below the condition of poverty. The marriage day they confume in dancing, and the night in feafting : the Bride not breaking company until the break of day : and (as they fay ) not known by her husband until the third night following. The night out-watched, made us make a night of the morning, until rowz’d from our ground- beds by the report of the Canon. When from the fhore, between the Caftles, you might behold a galley pafling, and that fo leifurely, as if empty, and purpofely fuf- fered to drive with the current, rather to exercife the artillery, than manned by men, endeavouring fafety, and fo befet with deftru€tion. At length the fea entred at her many breaches , and by little and little devoured the fpe€tacle. The men fome flain,' fome drown’d, other by boats from each fide cruelly faved , out-lived to envy their dead companions. Thefe were Chriftian flaves, that hewed fones in the quarries at ¢Marmora: who, to compafs their liberty, had flain their guardians, and ftoln away with the galley. Hither they came too late , ‘nor durft they linger unto the evening : to proceed or return was now grown equaily defperates Approaching near; a War- ning- piece was given them to come to an anchor ; when they, leaving their oars, lay down, all faving he that fteered’; and committed themfelves to the wind, thar then blew freth and favourably ; but like an hollow friend, thrunk from their fails in their greatelt neceflity. More happy fuccefs not long before had a galley, for the moft part manned by €xglifh; who pafled by, and that by day, in defpire of them. Cheaper wines than here are hardly elfewhere-to be had, or in greater plenty ; info- much as moft Chriftian ships returning from Conftanténople, do at this place take in their provifien. Difpatched at length, not without fome gifts and much fufferance, we hoifed fails; and the night enfuing were tofled to and fro; on the Weft’ of Mity- _ len. The'next day we laboured to get in between Chios and the Continent, but faileds When fgiling on the other fide of the Ifland, the wind came about, whereof we took the benefit for Alescandria. Vedas - Hard by, and on the left hand, left we Samos, now Samo, in which it was {aid that Funo was born, under a white willow, clofe by the river ‘Imbrajins : and fot that the Of the ris was there brought up, whilft yet a Virgin, it was called Parthena. Allegorically the ger par is taken for the element of the air : and feigned for that caufe to have been born in thenins.. Samos ; for that the air is here fo pure, and {o excellent. Samos doth alfo challenge one of the Sibyls, whofe name;was. Pytho, and Heriphile: and flourifhed in the dayes - of Numa Pompilius, of Chrift thus prophecying : Thy god, thou foolifh Fuda, knew’ ft er : known Cet ftulta Judea Pensa non cognovifti LN | das > but crowned bafi -udentem mortalium mentibus, » Not unco earthly munas ft Sed {pinis coronafti, horridumque fel mifcuitti, Ais brows with thorns, and given him gall totaftes But in nothing more famous than in the birth of Pythagoras : From leaner though far removd, he with his mind so alia leet sopltrgione remiotne ‘: i eae ower deni ente Veos act = & que natura negabat Drew near the gods : what eS EE POWER AEN Fi5y ata humanis, oculis ea peCtoris haufit. To kumane fights, he faw with his fouls eyes. "Ovid. Met. 115, The firft that brought Philofophy into Greece; and from thence into Italy. This Ifland is not above. a quarter ofa mile diftant’ from the Continent of fa. Fruitful in all things but vines: which is the rather to be noted, in that che countries round about produce fuch ftore, and foexcellent. At the South end ftood the City of Samia, with a goodly harbour adjoyning : ‘now (asthe reft ) by reafon of the Pirats that infeft their Seas, almoft altogether defolate. Of the earth thereof were thofe veffels made of uch great efteem + fovereign alfo for divers ufes both in Phyfick and Surgery. The North-weft of the Ifle is high land, environed with unacceflible cliffs ; full of tall wood within, and moft commodious for building of fhips. On the right hand, and near, lyeth Niceria, heretofore J¢aria, taking that name, as ’ doth the adjacent Sea, as the Poets fain, from the fall of Icarus : Beh | : When 90 -——— Acaria, Patmos. Coos. Rhodes. LIB. IL, Oraque cerulea patrium clamantianomen When crying Help, O father ! his exeglame Excipiuntur aqua : que nemen traxit ab illo. ee ilies Scat Hove «wien bine: fren biewubeie name. * Ovid sMet.8. The blue Seas fopt , which to kf toc & And in this Ifland he Devovitque fuas artes, corpufque fepulchro Curfing bis arts, énterr’ debe cep ps, that gavé eo & telltisa nomine dicta fepultiett. The land an ame, which b ad given it a graves id. ~ called Pergamuim before. Who were faid to flie in regard of their fails, by Daedalus rhen firft invented, to out-ftrip the purfuit of Adizos ; when Icarus in another veflel,by bearing too great a fail, fuffered fhip-wrack hereabout: It is now rarely inhabited, yet abounding with good paitarage ¢ corn it alfo produceth plentifully. It hath no ha- ven; but divers roads, fufficiently commodious. Between thefe two Iflands lye thofe fharp rocks, in times paft called Afelanthi, and now the Fornols : well known, and in the night much feared by Mariners. South of thefe we failed by Palmofa formerly Patmos. A little Ifland confifting on- ly of three or four rocky mountains. On one of them ftands a town ; and on.the very top thereof a monaftery of Greek Coloseros, having large exhibitions from fundry pla: ces of Chriftendome. Menignorant in letters, ftudious for their bellies, and ignomi- nioufly lazy : unlefs fome few that give themfelves to navigation, and become indif- ferent good Pilots. About this Ifle there are variety of excellent harbours: and not fo few as forty fail of fhips belonging to the town, by the trading whereof they bring in that fuftenance which the foil affordeth not; being fo barren that nothing grows, as I have heard, efpecially near unto the town, except on fuch earth as is brought thi- ther from other places. And therefore infli€ted as a punithment unto St. Fobn, hither banifhed by the Emperour Trajan, or as fome write, by Domstian: for fo the Rée- sans accuitomed to confine offenders. ; ‘Auda aliquid brevibus Gyaris aut carcere digaum, If chow intend’fito thrive, do what deferves Si vis efle a6 : probitas laudatur & alget. Short Gyaros, or gyves : prais’ dVertne flerves: UVeSat.E. On the North-fide of this hill, we faw the houfe wherein (they fay) he writ his Re= velation ; anda little above, the cave in which it was revealed: both held in great de- votion by thofe Chriftians. After the death of the Emperour, he removed unto Epbe- fus, and being an hundred and twenty years old, caufing a grave to be made, is faid ta have entred it alive, in the prefence of divers, to whofe feeming dead, they covered dug.ix him with earth : which, if we maay believe St. Anguftine,* bubleth like water, to te- Foh.TraB. fife his breathing, and that he is not dead, but fleepeth. In that Monaftery is referved 324 a dead mans hand, which they affirm tobe his: and that the nails thereof being cur, do grow again. a0 ; Amongtt divers other Iflands we paffed by Coos,now called Longo : a delicate coun, trey to behold, lying for the moft part level, only cowards the eait not un-profitably mountanous ; from whence fall many fprings, which water the plains below, and make them extraordinary fruitful : where grow thofe wines fo celebrated : Cyprefs- trees, and Turpentine, with divers others, as well delightful as profitable. In this was Hippocrates born, who revived Phyfick then almoft loft, and the antient pra@tice of Afculapims : unto whom this Ifland was confecrated. In, the fuburbs he had - fis Temple, famous, and rich with offerings. Thofe that had been fick, wpon reco- very there regiftred their cures : and the experiments whereby they were effected = ' of thefe Hippocrates made an abridgement, and committed them to pofterity. In this Temple {teod that rare picture of Venus, naked, asif newly rifing from the fea ; made by ¢/pelles,who was alfo this countrey-man: after removed unto Rome by Offa~ vius Cafar, and dedicated unto Fulins.: the being reputed the mother of their familys It is faid, that at the drawing thereof, he aflembled together the moft beautiful womem in the Ifland, comprehending in that his own work their divided perfetions. For this piétare the Coans had a hundred talents remitted of their tribute. The town, and citadel are now only inhabited by Turks ; the villages by Grecians ; whereof in all are bur two. bat Next unto this ftands Rhodes, of all the reft the moft famous and beautiful :. once covered with the fea, or at leaft an un-habitable marifh ; as they feign; beloved. ofthe Sun, andereéted above the waves by his powerful influence. For no day — paflert LIB. i. ; Rhodes, 3 7t paffech wherein the Sun here fhines not clearly : perhaps the occafion of that fable, Others will praife bright Rhodes. Laudabunt alii claram Rhodon. Mor. 1, od, 73 obtaining thereby that title as a peculiar Epirhite.* Some write that it took this name of Rhoda a Nymph of the fea: and there comprefled by 4pollo: others, chat there he lay with Venus, and of her begat Khoda, Solon Crprides Infula dita Rhodos de Sele & Cypride inata eft Rhodes was begat a ote att De tribus & natis horum tres faa Ged Hy Of whofe three fons defcended are™* three Cities. G. unt fimul ot ods que Deam Deus acceffit outtis p] é Then when the God approacht the Goddefs, fhowers Purpureseque rofe ludre, ac ie oe my auri. Of gold pour’d down, with rofes, and white flowers: * Lindus}Camitus, JaliGius, For Rhodes in the Greek tongue fignifieth a rofe ; and by likelihood fo called of the abundance of rofes, which this foyle produceth. This Ifland therefore was to the Sun held facred, to whom they ereéted that huge Coloffus of brafs, worthily reputed amongft the worlds feven wonders: made by Charetes of Lindus, the fervant of Lyfippus , and whereof, as fome affirm, they were called * Coloffians. In height it was three-fcore and ten cubits ; every finger as great as an ordinary flatue, and the thumb too great to be fathomed. Twelve years it was a making ; and about three. fcore and fix years after thrown down by an earth-quake, which terribly fhook the whole Ifland, * prophefied of by Ssbyl. The pieces thereof made wonderful ruptures in the earth: and another wonder it was to fee the mafs of ftones contained therein, whereby che work-men had confirmed it againft the violence of weather. With the brafs thereof nine hundred Camels were laden. No place in times paft was held fupe- riour unto this for conveniency of harbour, magnificent buildings, and other excellen- cies. Famous it was for government ; and men fo expert in navigation, that they | became Lords, and for many years held the fovereignty of thefe feas. The air is here moft temperate, producing fruits abundantly: rich paftures fprinkled with flow- ers, and ttees ftill flourifhing. The felicity of the place affording an argument to’ that fable of the golden fhowers that fell thereon, Their wines thus Virgil cele- _brateth : " Reseiv'd by gods, and laft crown’d cups, will 1 Non ego te Diis & menfis accepta fecundis: Thee Rhoda, nor thy long big grapes, go by. J rasierin a sedis bumatta racemiss Ss te 2 Where alfo it is faid, that the vine was firft-found out and planted. After that the Knights of Saint Fob de Acre had loft the City of e4ere, the laft that they held in the holy lands they had this place configned them by manuel the »Greek Emperour inthe year 1308. which they took from the Turk,and maintained to his terror. Ha- ving then one City onely, but that well fortified ; feared towards the morning Sun, on the afcending hill, apart on the level fore, embracing, as it were, a moft {afe and. admirable haven: treble walled, adorned with rowers,.and fortified with five ftrong fortreffes. Often invaded, and to little purpofe ; at length it was taken by Solynam the magnificent ( Villerivs being the Great Mafter ) with fix months fiege, a world of people, and the lofs of moft of them, in the year 1522. after it had been by them defended againft the Infidels two hundred and fourteen years ; and then honourably furrendred, although to the general difhonour of the Chriftian Princes in their tardy {uccours. t Bright Rhodes, bright in temes paftnow black. wish clonds: Clara Rhodos, fed clara olim? fue horrida Thy fhining fore-head adiretempeft fhrouds, | So eee eons !0 death ! O what than grief is ‘won Se, eo pee it “ine din Pree apt. (res : ri be fuah , oye lolor,ah mors,ah aliquid morte atq;dolo- And death ! than that ! if there be fuch a curfe, 10%” Durius aut etiam tertius effe potett > Sleep ? and the fell wolf feizeth the /poil ? Stertitis? & ferus armenti lupus optima capit? O fhame to have tanavoluntary foil! QO jam fit jam aliquis velle perire pudor, ~ tito this lamentable fubverfion ( though meant perhaps by a former ) may that pro- phecie of Sibyl be un-wreltedly applyed:- : ‘ Daughter of Phoebus. Rhodes long fale thon reigns Tuque diu nulli Rhode fubdita, filia Solis; Aboundin we alth, and rule of fe ee obtain, Durabis, multaque olim pollebis opum ti; fee Imperioque matris priMAs €riSmew eee ka 1 92 Rhodes. Egypt. Milus. LIB IE Preda tamed Mudio tandem rdpierisamantam Yet fore’d by thofe that covet thee, at laf? a juges dives formofaque fubdes, Yok'd {halt thou be, rich, fair, fore der anf ; rac. OID. 3. ; - Such as would, according to compofition were fuffered to depart : who from hence removed unto A4Zalta. So that now it is inhabited by Turks and Fews; thofe Chriftians that bes being Greeks, and not foffered after Sun-fet to abide in the City : the fuburbs whereof are utterly razed. { have heard that all the monuments, ftatues, and in{crip+ tions belonging to the Knights of the Order, are by the Turks preferved entire, ex- cepting fuch as the wars liad demolifhed. Herethe Grand Signior maintaineth five gal- lies: about this Iland weexpeéted tohave met with Pirats, but were happily de- ceived. Now having loft the fight of Rhodes, we faw no land until the third day after : in the evening doubtfully difcovering the coaft of Egypt. Fearing the lee-fhore, all night we bore out to fea: the lightning miniftring un-comfortable light, inter- mixed with thunder and tempeft. The next day we entred the haven of e4lexaridria newly defamed with a number of wracks ; which fcattered here and there, did mife- rably ceftifie the un-fafe protetion of that harbour. For not paft two nights before, the Northern winds beating full upon the mouth of the haven, with violent feas drove the foremoft fhips’ from their anchors, who falling foul on the reft, funk all for company, ‘even two ahd'‘twenty in number: amongft the reft, thar great and warlike fhip called the Red Lion; taken’ but the year before from the Knights of eMalta. But before we'proceed any farther in particulars, meet it is that fomething be {aid of Egypt ingeneral. Egyptus the fon of Belws, for his greater glory fo named this Or of mi- * kingdome : called eA1zfraim by the Hebrews, ot Aifraim the fon of Chus, Mefre tus,called by the Arabians jand Chibith by the Inhabitants, of Chibth the firft Lord of this Land, formerly and who firft began to build houfes. On the Eaft it is confined with the «4rabian De- “31? farts : thofe of Bara, Libia, and Numidia lying on the Welt: on the South divided from thiepra by the great Catara&t; and bounded North-ward by the Egyptian fea, being a part ofthe Afedirerranean. A coaft dangerous and un-hofpitable, full of Hats, and having no haven fave that ef Alexandria, which is by a Defart divided from the reft of the habitable countrey : fo that it is neither by fea nor land to be invaded, but with much difficulty... It is faid to extend from North to South, five hundred and three-fcore miles, for a long tract contracted between barren mountains, in many _ places farce four, in few above eight miles broad, until not far above Cairo, it begin- neth by degrees to inlarge, and fo continueth to do, evento the fea: being between Rofetta'and; Damuiata, which {tand upon the Welt and Eaft confines of that which is Lover- flowed by-the natural courfe. of the Riveran hundred and forty miles , and from Rofettato Alexandria thirty sallow ground, and lying in a champion level, Terra fuis contenta bonis; ron indiga mercisy That needs nor merchan dize nor Fave vg Wale Aut Jovis; in folo tanta eft fiducia Nilo. | Pleas'd with it felf 5 fo con eke A Lucan. 1.8. By means whereof, faith J/ocrates, they have both drought and moifture in their own difpofition, whichis elfewhere beftowed by Fapirer. The wonderful fertility 6f the foil is rather’to be admired than exprefled «in times paft reputed the Granary of the world, infomuchas it was not thought poffible for the Roman Etmpire to fublift, if not r affifted by the affluence of Egypt. The occsfion of that faying of Selamus, when he ) had conquered the countrey, that; Now he had taken a farm that would feed his Jemo- glans. Amongft other commodities which this. earth doth yield, and are fetcht from: «Sefofris; hence by foreiners, Sugar, Flax, Rice, all manner of Grain, linnen Cloth, Hides, Salt, Cambyfess:-Burargo, and Caflia, being now the principal. wa delt Rdg Alexander, wrhatfoever here is eftimable, proceedeth from the munificericy' of this River's: for ps, a progrefs and property of all other the moft excellent : unto foriner ages, though often Sc, attempted, (and that of great * Potentates ) of an un-difcovered original, ‘ Cum videant primi, querunt tamen hi queg;Seres, When first the Seres fee, yet foek:, who bears FEthiopumque feris alieno gurgite campos : Through & hiopian fields firedins none o frei Erte terrarum nelcit cul debeat erbis.) oo on eit eNorknows tbe wondring world.in what world bred Arcanum natura caputnon prodidit ulli : So NatuieoNil ot hacPébh i Nec licuit populis parvum te, Nile, videre, Hie, Wile, conceals t 5) facred ead ; Amovitque finus, & gentes maluit ortus None feeing thee not great. T hey fountains (he Mirar\ quamcnoffe tuds—' A Nee Hath fet apart, and would that the y froula be dugan; | Fey So ocy uy Kather aamir’d than known. A ¥ed —— —~ LIB, i. Nilus. Yet Nero w'th h's belt fuccefs fent two Centurions : who allied by the King of Erhiopsa, and by him commended to the neighbouring Princes, after d long and tron- blefome journey, came at length unto certain great marifhes ; of whofe extents the inhabitants themfelyes Were ignorant, nor poflible to be difcovered by them; fo were the weeds infolded with ise Water, not to be waded, nor by Boat ro be-paft thorow. There faw they two rocks, fron: whence a current guiht with exceflive violence. But whether this was the fountain, or only a2 augmentation : whether then beginning, or before received into the earth, and there re-atcencM&, Lik un- certain. But our more prefuming Geographers, do raife his concealed heaq ,2O™ the Lake of Zembre, (in which, they fay, are Syrens and Tritons ) cleven.deprees beyond the Aquator, feated amongft high and un-acceffible mountains ;“and fo great, as deferving rather the title of a Sea. From whence it pafleth, wandring thorow fpacions defarts, and multitudes of kingdomes; not feldome feeming to affect his forfaken fountains : now difperfed into ample lakes ; and again re- colle&ting his extravagant waters, which often divide to make fortunate Iflands, ( amongit which Meroes the faireft and moft famous ) appearing ever more great than violent. But when rough crags, and headlong-catay atts —~—Sed cum lapfus abrupta viarum Recejiethis falls stad that each rock diftratts Excepere tuos, & prxcipites cataratte 5 Hi Oy ached Gourece bel Acnufquam vetitis ullas obfiftere cautes 1s former un-rmpeached fource , he laves Indignaris aquis ; {puma nunc aftra laceflis; The flars with [pume, all tremble with his waves: Cuncta tremunt undis, & multo murmure montis The mountain roars , and foming with high [pite, Spumeus invidis albefcit fuctibus aMnis, Immantleth mis wi-vanquilbt waves in white. Lucan. 1. 10, For unlike himfelf, like a raving torrent, {truggling amonglt the broken rocks, and lels-free paflages, at length he {pouts down from a wonderful height into the valley below: and that with fuch a roaring of waters, thar a Colonie there planted by the Perfians, made almoft deaf with the noife, were glad to abandon their habitations: otherwife for all ufes of life fufiiciently commodious. Amongft the reft, the incre- dible boldnefs of thefe people, was not the leaft to be wondred at, daring to commit themfelves in little Boats, but capable of two onely ( the one {leering, and the other rowing ) unto the raging current, and impetuons eddies; pafling the Straights of the rocks by little channels, and at lengri: rufh down with the ftream to the amazement of the beholders: who giving them loft, behold them aftera while, asif fhor out ofan engine, far from the place of their fall, and rowing fafely in. the afflwaged waters. Not far below, and a little above where once flood the City Elephantis, Schrophi and eMophi two piked rocks lift up their eminent heads, which do makethe leffer Cataract, and are called, The Vines of iVilus: where, as Herodotus reports from an Egyptian Prieft, are fountains of an unfearcha- ble profundity ; into which, rich gitts were thrown in their annual folemnities. Increafed , as is fuppofed, by this acceflion in deeper ftreams and ftridter li- mits, kept in on both fides with not far diftant mountains ; after a long pro- eeffion ; . Cenecal. 4. Nat.quaft Fir fi, eMemp bis gives thee {cope 5 and free releafe Prima tibi campos permittit, apertaque Memphis From bounders that might limit thy sncreafe. ane. ee cn crelcendi ponere ripas. “Four miles below Casro ir divideth into two main and navigable branches: that next the Haft running into the Mid-land Sea by Damiata (heretofore Pelnfinm :). the other inclining unta the Welt, and formerly called Canopus, falleth into rhe felf-fame Sea a little below Roferra: making of the richeft portion of the land 4 triangular Ifland named Delta, in thatit beareth the form of that letter > the freth Water r keeping together, and changing the colour of the falt, far further into the Sea, than the fhore from thence can-be difcerned. Two other branches there be thac run between thefe, but poor in waters; befides divers channels cut by the Jabonr of man, for conveyances in the time of inundation: which alfo are no: fmall ftrengthning to the countrey. Of thefe feven mentioned by Herodotus, ° and thofe nine by Prolomy, thefe are all thar I either faw or could hear of. Nor is it a thing extraordinary for rivers to lofe their channels, either choaked by them- felves, or by the adverfe Seas, with beds of fand, and turned-up gravel refifting their paflages,. Bur amongft the hidden myfteries of Nature, there is none more 3 : Ce EB i ee wonderful, tle eC If. of a mree defart ( for fuch part of the habitable world e 3 dit LIB 8d S ees e ak & : cS eee rw ta ~_ Pee: = 3. ek 2 aS — 2 O w “S wr & bet (> ofS so rf, BS Si fee zs es a! es as oes) eae ues So = SSS. ge e238 2 1S SS ye Z we 3S cf = 6 eR? os Ste & es ake & Ry o. Sat oR Wii 1 Oy Ge, 8 LIB. It. Nihyé: | 9 Not ty'd to laws of other Streams ; the Sun Inde etiam leges aliarum nefcit aquaram, When fartheft off , thy Streams then poore/t run, Necumet Hybernus, quum longe Sole remote Intemperate heaven to temper ; midft of heat Officiis caret unda fuis, dare juffus inique Wonder the burning Zone, bid te grow creat. SSrpenen Olen Sees Sub torrente plaga, ne terras diflipetignis, Then Ngle affifis the world ; lest fire [ould quell Nilus adeft mundos contraque accenfa Leonis The earth : and make his high-born waters | well Ora tumet—— eAgainft rhe Lions flaming jaws —— Lucan, I, 10. : The earth then burnt with the violent fervour, never refrefhed with rain, ( whick here falls rarely, and then only ir the winter) hath help from WNélws, moft conftantly obferving his accuftomed feafons, beginning to arife with the rifing Sun on the feven- teenth of Fuze : {welling by degrees, until ir mount fometimes four and twenty cu- bits, but thar the uttermoft. ° Heretofore fixreen was the moft that it attained to; pre- fented by that Image of Nilss, having fixteen children playing about it; brought from thence, and dedicated by Vefpafian in his Temple of Peace: now inthis form to be feen in Rome inthe Vatican. ao | This ‘year at Cairo it rofe three and twenty. About two miles above the Gity, at the'end of old Castro, ini the beginning of e4ugu/? they cut the banks;then when afcend- 9%¢y cn; is ed unto his principal height : before kept in, left that the too timely deluge fhould mee zal deftroy the fruits of the earth, ere Git to’be reaped. At which the Bafa is himfelf inthe Aalf perfon ( ‘who giveth the firft {troke) accompanied witha world’ of ‘people, rowed in” %*-. gallies and barges of triumph, and for divers dayes feafting: the Bafjain the Caftle of es ed Michias, an Ifland furrounded with DGle ( fo called, in thar there the pillar doth ftand ie Ralet: by which they obferve the increafe of the River ; ) others under pavillions pitched by the fhore, with barbarous folemnities,and general rejoycings. Of their night-triumphs this following pi€urereprefenteth theform; hh a ae ee eR ees anes i Te SHE an . = Se Ws The Caftle ix the Iand where the Baffas at the cutting of the Banks of the Calz ( for fo is that srench called that watereth the Eaft of Egypt) keeps hus three dayes and three nights feaft with bis women, ( yet -feparated from men) accompanied with the principal Perfons of the laud. ‘ B. The pillar, Banding ina vault within the Caftle,entred by the Nile, by which they meafuve hes increafes whereof Boyes with yelow banners in their hands inform the citizens daily, and for their news receive - gifts of divers. Ps Ab Ferbies,whereon buildings are railed an buge height,with mais and rafters for thofe three sights. /tuck all with burming lamps,which afford a glorious {peEacle They report here,that in the tinse of Pagani{m,the Egyptians accustomed to facrifice a maid and a young man to Lis and Oftriss at the yearly folemuitie, But that inhumane cuftom abolifhed, that thefe lights were offered to thofe Hols in sheir room : being obferued fince bosh by Chriftians and Mahomesans, thengh mot aso facrifice, —— 76. ,Valus. | LEB, I.) D. Zhe Plain lying berween old Cairo and Nile, where ( the admirable fire-worksending with the night ) ihey play at Giocho'd: cant 2 fhewing other exercifes on horfe-back , and entertaining the time with [un- “dry devices, Mean while the fireworks ave for the next nights rviumphs avenewirg, Every Saniack nud “ark of nccount hath agallant Boat, furnifhed with chambers and-Icfferfhot, adorned with all variety of Preamers and pendants,each Boat affuming a feveral colour.: Somaking Sea-fights by daysin the might > they fet them forth withlamps of all colours, which giveth a brave addition to the other the light being fa ingenuously placed, that they prefent the forms of Gallies foips jerbieshoufescaféles amid the lrke. “At their ‘return they are met by thofe of the City, who beftrew their heads with flowers, as the welcome fore-runners of that they long wifhed. “Fhe. turned.in was ter folfoweth them:at the heels-, boats now rowed, where but now they trampled 5 _ filling the dufty trenches and long emptied cifterns :- and a while after covering in ma- ' py places the {upefficies of the Land, which there then appeareth gs a troubled lake. ‘‘Anf{werable -to.the increafe of the River, is the plenty or fcarciry of the year Yucceeding 5 bringing with it both ‘earth and water. into a fandy and thitfty foil, of it. felt unprofitable: fo that it as ‘well manures as moiftens. with the tat and pregnant flime which it ‘leaveth behind it. Unto which they own not their riches only, but themfelves. For the plague, which here oft miferably rageth, . upon-the Grft of the Aoud-doth inftantly ‘ceafe« infomuch as when five hundred die.av. Cairo. the day before, which is nothing rare, ( for, the found keep company with the fick, “sholding death fatal, and to avoid them, irreligion .) ‘not one doth die the day follow. ing. Wherefore no matvel though ignorant and fuperititious antiquicy under. the “name of, Ofirs: adored this River , which afforded them fo many benefits, and fuch-as not apprettended, were thought fupernatural. Thus where ‘covered with “water, it is no’ unpleafant fight to ‘behold the towns appearing like little lands ; (The people pafling and re- palling by boat, and not feldom {wimming : who, the lefs they fee of their countrey, the more is their comfort. About the midft of September, it ceafeth to augment: and retiring a month after within his proper bounds, gi- veth way unto husbandry, (the earth untilled, by throwing the grain on the mud, and rice into the water, affording her firft increafe ) untul May decreafing, and then in a marvellous penury of water. Of the caule of this inundation divers have conje€tured diverfly. The Egyptians by three pitchers deciphered the fame in their Hieroglyphicks , proceeding ( as they thought ) from a three-fold caufe. Firft, from the earth, by nature apt to breed of it felt, and bring forth water abun- dantly-. Next, from the South Ocean, from whence they imagined that it had his original: and laftly, from the rain which fell in the upper Arhzopsa about the time of the over-flow. The moft ancient opinion was, that it proceeded from the {now diffolving in thofe mountains : of which Anaxagoras and E{chylus: thus alfo exs prefled by Euripedes. a Aquam pulchram defcernes The goodly Streams of Nilus leaving, Eluminis Nili, que ex terra defluit =. Which from the land of Negroes flows Nigrorum hominum, & tunc tumefacit aa “Their inundations recerving Quum AEthiopice nives liguuntur. . Fens ay binge me | ‘Bur the exceflive heat of thofe climates, the ftones there burning hot, and earth not by day to be tred upon, confute fufficiently thar errour. Bur to anfwer him by one of his own profeflion 5 \ ‘Jana fides veterum, Nilo qued crefcat in arva > Vain th’old belief, that FEthiopian [novo 4 ‘ JEthiopum prodefie nives, Non ardtos ra . Availeth Nile’ s increafe, iNo weak, winds blow; Montibus, aut Boreas, teltis ie be a ; ne Nor Frofts benumm thofe mountains. This avert - Ipfe color popoliy calidifque vapor uefolua 2 Pe ultry South-winds, and black Climat : Adde quod. omme caput fluvil quodeunque foluta 9) 24 paare rs Pa cigieat glacies,ingreflo vere tumelci eldde, that all flreams yhich from diffolu'd {now draw Prima tabe nivis —— Their heady torrents, {well with the firfl thaw Lucan. |. 10. In flow'ry Spring-tide:——». Nor ‘fnoweth it ever in Egypt, a, Countrey: more temperate by many degrees ¢ Mem phin caventem Scythonia nive | Scorcht eV. emphis knows Hor.Lib.3.Od.26. No Scythian [nows ; being here in the depth of winter'as hot a3 with us in Fwly.- Thales attributes ic unto the Northern winds, which then blowing up the River, refift the current . : and: and force the reverberated fireari ¢6 fetire ¢ fo that nor incréaled, but prohibited,! at Jength it defcendeth with fuch a multitude of waters. VVhich opinion is rather al- lédged, then confirmed, by Lucretins. Or that the N orth- winds do his mouths oppofes ‘Aut quia funt xflate Aauilones oftia coutra Then yearly when the Etefia firmly blows, sit tempore eo, quo Etefia flabraferuntur, Whofe long encountring blajts refifts his way, ra pena — flantes memorantur, & undag Beat back his ftreams, enforcing him to ftay rome fia lsch esa COBH aR Bante: ‘Beat back bis [tr | g Je Lucr. 1. 6. For if fo, all other rivers whatfoever; running the fame way, would ‘have the fame property. Befides, how could it then increafe and decreafe fo leifurely ? or how be- corameth it fotroubled and flimy ? Or rolling fands, which adver{e flonds provoke 7 ER quoque uti poffit magnus congeftus arenge To rife in (helves , hes yawning, moaths up- choke, Fludtibus adverfis eppilare oftia contra, ; : : Cum mare permotum ventis ruit inter arenam, = ‘: ! . . . . an When feas throng in among, .enrag dby winds, Quo fit uti pao liber minus exitus amni, : Sothat the ftream a lefs free paffage finds, Et proclivisidema fiat minus impetus undise | , His force curb’d with ther waves. Ibid. But the Erefie blows mildly, and the increafe well known to begin far above the Ca- saraéts. Herodotas in dillike of thefe, preferreth his own. How that the Sun perform- ing his courfe in the winter Tropick, and exhaling much moyfture from Nilus, dimi- nifheth him contrary to hisnatute ; when again inclining to the North, the River recovers his greatnels: feeming in the fummer to increafe, when it fo but feems to do by his decrealing in the winter, . But this is alfo reprov’d by Diodorus Ssculus, who imputes the caufe the reof unto abundance of rain falling on the Ethiopian mountains “for forty dayes together,, at foch time as the Sun approacheth to the fign of Cancer ¢ which by the inhabitants is Iikewife affirmed: to be true ; as being received from ftran- gers frequenting Cairo from fundry. parts of Ethiopia and Libya, who come down with the floud, and bring with chem flayes, monktes, parrots, and fuch like commo- dities. And not unlikely ; ,thofe mountains, being of an uncredible height, where the air removed fo far from the refleting heat, muft be much more cool, the Sun then be- ing in the contrary Tropick.. Moreover, fome moneths before, for divers dayes, you fhall here fee the troubled air full of blackand ponderous clouds, and hear a con- tinual rambling, threatning, as it were; to drown the whole countrey, yet. fel- dome fo much as dropping, but are carried South-ward “by the Northern winds which conftantly blow at that feafon. Some have written, that by certain Kings in- habiting above, the Nélus fhould there be {topped and at a time prefixr, let loofe upon a certain tribute paid them by the A°gyptians. The error {pringing perhaps from 4 walgay a truth (as all wandring. reports for the moft part do ) in that the Sultan doth pay experiment 4 certain annual fum to the ¢4biffiz Emperour for not diverting the courfe of ne the River, which they fay he may, or impoverifh it at the leaft: Otherwife what Ellie me Damme can contain {uch a, confluence ef waters * how continueth it fo long ? or nus ix a where doth it gather that flime that fo enricheth the countrey ? To prove that Med. @- it proceedeth from a natural. caufe: this one, though ftrange, yet true experiment 8YPt 1.4. will fuffice. Take of the earth of Egypt, adjoyning to the River , and preferve ie who ° ° ; . : : ug lived ic carefully , that is neither come to be wet nor watted : weigh it daily, and jo,¢ Nios you fhall find it neither more nor lefs heavy until the feventeenth of June ; at which she sof day it beginneth to grow more ponderous, and augmenteth with the augmentation soutes of of the River: whereby they have an infallible knowledge of the ftate of the Paulus Deluge, proceeding without doubt from the humidity of the Air, which having Socaege recourfe through all paflable places, and mixing therewith , increafeth the fame a8 Conful, it increafeth in moyfture. Inthe tenth and eleventh year of Cleopatra, itis by Wri- Boprifta ters of thofe times for a certainty affirmed, that the Nilus increafed not; which Elianus two years defect, prognofticated the fall of two great Potentates, Cleopatra and An- F ers theny. Many ages before Callsmachus reports, that it did the like for nine years toge- = ee ther. For the fame canfe, no queftion, but that feven years dearth proceeded in the Englists time of Pharaob. mane Slovo Nile with low-funk flreams fhall keep his braies, Ipfe inter ripas demiffo flumine Nilus as Nor hung-down head, nor fruitful lime np-rar/e ; atone fuprague capi Henman tertaetis eres ; ontollet: ficca arebunt arva, omnia ficca, Dry fields sary Solftice, all dried up, nor Shalt Solftitia, nulli defcendent thontibus amines, Fat flonds froms bigh skie-kiffing monntains fabs pS Te 7 RE et 3 ee From 78 ; Nilus. Of the Crocodile. cE LEB: UI, Front this River there afcend no vapours, the humour being rarified by fo long a progrels ; fo that although exhaled, it affumeth no vilible body, but un.diftinguifh- ably mixed with the purer air, agreeing with the fame.in tenuity. Than the wa- rers whereof there is none more {weet: being not unpleafantly cold, and of all others the molt wholfome. Confirmed. by. that anfwer of Pefcentis Niger, unto his mur- muring fouldiers 5 What ? crave you wine, ad have Rulus to drink of ? Such is it in being fo concoéted by the Sun, at all times in fome part direétly over it s and by length of courfe ; running from South to North ( befides in ambages ) above one and forty degrees. So much it nourifheth, as thar the Inhabitants think that it forth- with converteth into bloud : rétaining that property ever fince thereinto metamor- Alpinus de phofed by eMofes. For which caufe the Priefts of I/is would not permit their Apis Med. E- to drink of the fame: becaufe they would neither have him nor themfelves too fat Syph."s ‘+ and corpulent, that the foul might the better exercife her faculties, being cloathed in ” * a light and delicate body.. Befides, it procureth liberal urine, cureth the dolour of the reins, and is moft fovereign againit that windy. melancholy arifing from the fhorter ribs, which fo faddeth the mind of the difeafed. Out of the River, they put the wa-. rer into large Jars of ftone, ftirring it about with a few ftampt Almonds, where- with alfo they befmear the mouth of the veflel, and for three or four hours do fuffer ictoclarifie., . . : : | ne. Iralfo produceth abundaticé of fifh, in fhape and quality much differing from ours : but by reafon of the muddy channel, not alrogether favoury nor wholfome. More- over, divers ftrange and monftrous creatures: as Bulls, of the River, (fo they write ) riot much unlike to thofe of the land, but no bigger than a’ Calf of half a year old, and which will live for along time out of the water. ‘River-horfes, called Aippotamz, having great heads, wide jaws, being armed with tusks as white as the ivory ; of body as big as a Cow, and proportioned like a fwine, of a brownifh bay, fmooth-skinned, and fo hard, as hardly to be pierc’d by a weapon: (yet otherwife and contrary to each other, defcribed by Herodotus, Diodorus, and Pliny : though the firft had feen of them here, and the laft at Rome ina triumph¢ ) luftful they be, ravenous, and revenge-: ful. Ir is reported in the Spanifh Navigations, how that two of them being found a- fhore by a few Portugals,and having gotten from them into the water,aflailed the boat with great fury, into which they faw them afcend, undaunted with their fhot, biting ihe fides of the veflel, and departing rather out of defpair. of hurting, than otherwile terrified. In another voyage, others endeavoured to overturn a boat, that they might have devoured the men that Were in her. But thefe (if of thefe there be now any ) afe rare to the Crocodile, in fhape not unlike a Lizard, and fome of them of an un-credible greatnefs. So great from fo fmall a beginning is mote than wonderful, fome of them being above thirty foot long ; hatched of eggs no bigger than thofe that are laid by a Turkie. His tail is equal to his body in length, wherewith he infoldeth his prey , and draws itinco the River. His feet are armed with claws, and his back-and fides with fcales fearce penetrable ; his belly tender, foft, and is eafily pierced : ‘his teeth _ indented within one another: having no tongue, and moving of his upper jaw onely: his mouth fo wide, when extended, as fome of them are able to {wallow an intire heifer. Four months of the year he eateth nothing, and thofe be du- ring the winter : on the land thick-fighted ; not fo in the water, to whom both elements are equally ufeful. The female lays an hundred eggs, as many dayes they are in hatching ; and as many years they live that do live the longeft,. continually growing, Where fhe layeth, thereis (as they write ) the urtermoft limit of the fucceeding overflow : Nature having endued them with that wonderful pre-fcience s ro avoid the inconveniencies, and yet to enjoy the benefit of their River. By ph anh the figure therefore of a €rocodile, Providence was by the €gyptians hierogly- sha phically expreffed. Between the Dolphins and thefe there is a deadly antipathy: our Por- Bavillus, aman highly commended by Seneca, obtaining the government of Eg ype, pois all one reported that he faw atthe mouth of WVélus, then called Heracloticum, a thole of called Sus_ Dolphins rufhing up the River, and encountred by a fort of Crocodiles, fighting as pgm it were for fovereignty ; vanquifhed at length by thofe mild and harmlefs crea- tude roy tures, who {wimming under, did cut their bellies with their fpiny fins: and deftroy- Swine, ing many, made the reit to fie, as over-thrown in battel.. A creature fearfuliof€ the bold, and bold upon the fearful. Neither did the Tenterites mafter them in regard of their bloud, or favour, (as fome have conjectured ) but being fierce and couragious. A people dwelling far aboye, in an Ifland environed by JVilus 5 only, LIB. IL, Of the Crocodile. Of the Palm. i only hardy againft thofe, and the. only men that durft affail them before? out : of an innate hatred greedily purfuing the encounter. But now few keep fo low as Caire by three dayes journey. They will devour whom they catch in the river which makes the countrey people to fence in thofe places where they: fetch their wa- ter: By day for che moft part he liveth on the land; © when between fleeping and waking, they write, that a little bird called Trochilus, doth feed her felf by the picks ing of his teeth, wherewith delighted, and gaping wider, the Jchneumon his mortal enemy fpying his advantage, whips into fis mouth, and gliding down his throat, tike an arrow, gnaweth a way through his belly, and deftroys him. This, though now little {poken of, in times pait was delivered for a truth: even by the Ex £yptians themfelves : who gave divine honour unto the Ichneumon for the bene fit he did them in the deftroying of that ferpent. And true, perhaps it is, though not obferved by the barbarous. The bird is at thisday known: defcribed to be about the bignefs of a Thrufh, .of colour white, the points. of his feathers tharp, which he fers up on end like briftles, when he lifts, and fo pricketh the mouth of the Crocodile if he but offer to clofe it. As for the Jchneumon, he hath but only » ‘changed his name , now called rhe Rat of Nilws. A beaft particular to Egypt, about the bignefs of a Cat, and as cleanly : fnowted like a Ferret, but ‘that black, and without long-hair ; fharp tooth’d, round-ear'd, fhort-leg’d; ‘long. tail’d ’( being thick where it joynsto the body, and fpiny at the end ) his hair sharp, hard. and branded ; briftling it up when angry, and then will fly upon a maftiff, They are thought ( for they have an appearance of both ) to be of both genders. Their young ones are brought to markets by the countrey people, and greedily bought by the town{-men for the deftroying of mice and rats, which they will notably hunt after, {trong, nimble, and fubtile withal. They will reft themfelves upon their hinder feer, and rifing from the earth, jump upon their prey with’a violent celerity. They prey alfo upon Frogs, Lizards, Chamelions, -and all forts of lefler Terpents: being 2 deadly enemy to the Afp, and do deftroy the eggs of the Crocodile wherefoever they can find them. They will ftrangle all the cats they meet with: for their mouths are fo little, that they can bite nothing that is thick. They love nothing better than poultry, and hate nothing more than the wind. | Bur to return to the Crocodiles, the countrey people do often take them in pit-falls, and grapling their chaps topether with an iron, bring them alive unto Cairo. They take them alfo with hooks, baitéd with fheep or goats, and tyed with a rope tothe trunk of atree. The flcth of them they eat, all faving the head and tail, and fell their skins unto Merchants, who con= vey them into Chriftendome for the rarity. It is written’ in the erabian records, how Humeth Aben Thanlon ( being governour of Egypt for Gifar Maranichi Caliph of Babylon ) in the 270 year of their Hegir, caufed the leaden image of a Crocodile, found amongft the ruines of an ancient Temple, to be molten ; fince when the inha- bitants have complained, that thofe ferpeuts have been more noyfome unto them than before ; affirming that it was made, and there buried by the ancient Magicians to re- {train their endamagings. ae Throughout this countrey there are no wines: yet want they none; in that they defire them not. Neither ate here any trees to {peak of, but fuchas are plant- ed, and thofe in orchards only: excepting Palmes, which delight in defarts: and being naturally theirs, do grow without limits. Of thefe they have plenty : plea- fing the eye with their goodly forms; and with diverfity of benefits enriching their owners. Of body freight, high, found, and’ flender, “(yet unfit for buildings ) crefted about, and by means thereof with facility afcended.. The branches like fedges, flit on the neather fide, and ever green; growing only ‘on the uppermost. height, refemble fair-plumes.of feathers, which they yearly prune, by lopping off the loweft, and at the top of all by baring a little of the bole. Of thefe there be male and female: both thruft forthcods ( which are full of feeds like knotted ftrings ) at the root of their branches, but the female’ is onely fruitful : and not fo, unlefs Browing by the male, ( towards whofe upright growth fhe inclines her crown ) and have of his feeds commixed with hers ¢ which’ in the beginning of March they no more fail to do, than to fow the earth at acciftomed feafons. Their Dates do grow like fingers, and are thereof named: not ripe until the fine of December : which begin tocod about the beginning of February. They open the tops of fuch as are fruiclefs, or otherwife perifht’; and take from thence the white pith, of old called the brain, which they fell up and down: an excellent fallad, not much unlike in tate, but far better than an Artichoke. Of the branches they make bed-fteeds, . | lattices, Of the Palm, toc, Zhe Antiquity. LIB.I, fattices, &ce. of the web of the leaves, baskets, mats, fans, &c. of the outward husk of thecod, good cordage, of the inward, brufhes, &c. fuch and fuch like afford they © yearly without empair to themfelves. This tree they held to be the perfe&t image ofaman; and by the fame reprefented him. Firft, for that it doth not fruétifie, but by coiture: next, as having a brain, as it were, in the uppermoft part ; which once corrupted; as man, even fo it perifheth ¢ and laftly, in regard that on the top thereof — grow certain firings’ which refemble the hair; the great end of the branches ap- pearing like hands ftretcht forth, and ‘the Dates as fingers. And becaufe the Palm is never to be fuppreffed, bur fhooreth up again{t all oppofition, the boughs thereof have been propofed as rewards for fuch as were either vi€torious in arms, or exer cites. ee ‘Lm—Palmaque nobilis <_— And noble Palmes advance Terrarum dominos evehit ad Deoss Earths Porentates to Gods. Her. lei. Od. Ie ; Infula deinde quondam eft valde andofo in ponto ZEgyptum ante ( Pharum vero ipfam vocant ) ‘Tantum fumota quantum tota die cava navis Conficit, ak ftridulus ventus {pirat a puppi. yc ee which they bare in theit hands at their return from viétory. A cultome firtt inftitu2 ted by Thefens in the Ifland of Delos. Wood then is here but fcarce, in regard of the quantity ; and yet enough, if their ules for the fame be confidered, For they eat bur little fleth, ( freth:cheefe, fowr milk made folid,roots, fruits,and herbs, efpecially €o- locafia, anciently called the AEgyptsan Bean, though bearing no bean, but like the leaf of a Colewort, being their principal fuftenance, baking their bread in cakes on the hearth, and mingling therewith the feeds of Coriander.) As for cold, they know it not, having fufficient of the refufe of Palmes, fugar canes, and the like, to furnifh shem with fuell an(werable co their neceflities. But foreiners that feed as in colder countries, do buy their wood by weight, which is brought in hither by fhipping. The Gallions alfo of Conftantinople alwayes go into the Black fea for Timber, before they rake their voyage for Cairo, Omit | muft not the fedgie reeds which prow in the marithes of Egypt, called formerly Papyri, of which they make paper, and whereof ours made of rags, affumeth that name. They divided it into thin flakes, whereinto it naturally parteth : then laying them ona table, ,and moiftning them with the gluti- nous water of the river, they preft them together, and fo dried them in the Sun. By this means Philadelpbus erested his library. But Enmenes King of Pergamus ftriving to exceed him in that kind, Philadelpbus commanded that no paper fhould be tran{- ported out of his kingdome : whereupon Enmenes invented the making and writing upon parchment, fo called of Pergamus. te ; The Aigyptians were faid to have efteemed themfelves the prime Nation of the world, in regard of their un-known beginning, the nature of the foil, and excellent faculties attained unto through a long continuance. But certain it is, that moft of, or all Egype was a fea when other parts of the world were inhabited : made manifeft b the thells and bones of ffhes found in the intrails of the earth, and Wells which yield but falc and bitter waters: amongft fo many, one only (and that reported to have Yprung by a miracle)to be drunk of. So that by the operation of the River, this coun- trey hath this ( being properly called, ( The gife of Nslus ) bringing down earth with his deluges, and extruding the fea by little and little. Infomuch as the Ifle of Phares thus defcribed by Homer, ‘ ein Ife there is by furging feas embrac’e _ Which men call Pharus, before Egypt plac’s; Sofar removed, as a fwift {lip may yL lege Before the whifting winds fasl in aday : doth now adjoyn to the haven of Alexandria. Bufiris, as the fairéft feat of the earth, made choice of this countrey to reign in felegting the people unto feveral callings, and caufed them to intend thofe only, where- by they became moft excellent in their particular faculties. He poffeffed them fir witlr the adoration of the Gods, emboldening and awing their minds with a being after death happy or unhappy, according to the good or bad committed in the pre- fent : and inftituted the honouring of contemptible things ; or for fome benefit they did, or to appeafe them for fuch hurt as they had the power to inflict, Of thefe thug - Fuvenal, who then lived amongft chem. dit What AB iE on The Religion ofthe Egyptians. = | $e . What honour brain-fick Egypt to things vile ©’ Quis nefcit Volufi Bithynice, qualia demens _ Affordeth, who not knows ¢ a Crocodile r Fgyptus portenta .colat? Crocodilon adorat . Pars hxc : illa pavet faruram ferpentibus Ibing Ts part adores : that I bis ferpent fed. Effigies {acri nitet aurea Cercopitheci, eMonkie of gold they there asvinely dred, boa Sete Dimidio magice refonant tubi Memnone chor= Where eMemnons half_form yields a magick found ; dz. Whi Se, Ry died, os end old Thebes food, for bundred gates renown'd, Atque vetus Thebe centum jacet ebruta portis, Here fifhes of the Sea, there of th e‘River : ee ale hic pifcem fluminis : ie Whole Townes a dog 3 none ber that bears the quiver ie. Viet eto daha seals © ax eae 3 q Porrum & coepe nefas violare ac frangere morfus Onions and leeks to eat, height of impieties. O fandtus gentes quibus hzc nafcuntur in hertis O facred nation fure, who have thefe e Deities Numina lanatis animalibus abftinet omnis oy Grow in your gardens ! all.from theep abftain 3 Menfa : nefas illic foctum jugulaie capella, ’Tis fin to kill a Kid: yet bumeanes flain, ? Carnibus humanis velei licets : Zabumanely they tiid Ot. —— _— Juven, Sate tg. bose Fer the Tenterites bearing an invetetate hatred to the Combos their heighbours, for a+ doring the Crocodile, which they hated, fell upon them unawares in their civil jang lings at the celebration of their feftival , and putting them to flight, cut the hinder~ moft in pieces : whom reeking hot, with heart yet panting, they greedily devoured : The Poet himfelf an eye-witnefs of the faét. Such jarrs proceeded from their, fertility of Gods, differing in each feveral jurifdiétion : and inftituted by their poli- tick crafty Kings, that bulied with particular malice, they fhould not coneurr in a ’ general infurre€tion. Above all they honoured dfs and Ofiris :_ which fable ( too tedious for our profeffed brevity ) contained fundry allegories. Amongft others, by ae Ofiris they prefigured .Vilus, by Jfis the Earth made pregnant by the rivers and by Typhon the Sea. They faid, that Typhon was vanquilhed by Ofiris, in that the Ri- ver had fo repulfed the Sea: and by 1 yphon afterward murdered, becaufe at lengrts the Sea doth as it weredevourit. Their Priefls were next in dignity to the King ; and-of his Council in all bufineffes of importance. From amongft them he was cho-, _ fens or if of the Souldiery, he forth-with was invefted in the High- priefthood; and inftru€ted by them in the myfteries of their Philofophy 5 delivered under. fables, and znigmatical expreflions. They drank no Wine, until the time of “Pfamesicus che laft-of the Pharaohs ; efteerning it to have fprung from the bloud of the Giants ; in that it provoked the mind to luft , impatiency, cruelty, and all the difordered affeétions that thofe contemnets of 'the ‘gods were endued with: Of all ‘the Heathen they were the firft that taught the immortality of the foul, and the tran{migration thereof into another body, either of man or beat, clean or unclean, as it had behaved it felf in the former. From whom Pythagoras received that opinion, and divulged it to the Grecians: who, the better to perfwade, affirmed himfelf to have been once Athalides the fon of eMercury * and commanded by his father to ask what he would, immortality excepted ; did defire after death to know what had pafled in his life, and to have his memory entirely preferved : which by not drinking of Lethe befell him accordingly. After thedeath of Ashalides, he became & . Euphorbus : LA Cremeinber) at the Wars of Troy, ipfe ego (nam nieinini) Trojani tenipore belli; ie? / suet : €uphorbus was, Pantheus fon, and fell pti es aston ie — ‘ By Menelaus lance. Iknew right well Heefit in adverfo gravis hafta minoris Atridz; f (Whe fhield which our left arm usd to fuftain, Cogiovi clypzum lzve geftamina noftra, ~ Nuper Abanteis templo Junonisin Argis, A ? 2 F > . 2 eAt Argos lately feen in Funo’s Fase Ovid. Met. 1.15. and then Hertoryrnus, then Delins, then Pyrrbis a fitherman, and laft of all Pyzhago- vas. By means whereof he withdrew the Grecians. from luxury, and poflelt their minds with the terror of ill-doing. as : : ! The Egyptians firft invented Arithmetick, Mufick and Geometry;and by reafon of the perpetual ferenity of the air, found out the courfe of the Sun and the Stars, their conftellations , rifings, afpeéts and influences; dividing by the faime the year into j moneths, and grounding their divinations upon their hidden properties. Moreover, from the Egyptians, Orpheus, Mufaus,and Homer, have fetcht their hymns and fables of the Gods: Pythagoras, Endoxus, 8 Democritus, their Philofophy,Lycurgus,Solor, and Plato, the form of their governments, by which they all'in their feveral kinds have eternized their memories. ‘Their letters were invented by Mercury, who writ seit ; the Oss this Hipa potam the Cutter chofe ra< Bher to fobs low, thas _ veforms ass error. The word | " The History of Egypt: LIB, il, theright hand tothe left. asdoall the Africans, But in hoiy things efpecially they exprefled their conceits by Hieroglyphicks; which confit of fignificant figures ¢ Whereof there are yet many to be feen though hardly to be interpreted. One | will Produce for example, faid to be pourtrayed within the porch of Adinerva's Temple in the City of Sais | ) pei tiemwiiee ~ ve 30 Mik 4 (ye ie . The infant fignifieth thofe that enter into the world; and thé old mani thofe ‘that ga out of it : the Falcon, God: the Fith, hatred ; becaufe they hated fith thar bred in the Sea, which fymbolized Typhon: and by the River-horfe, murder, impudence, and Injuftice; for they fay that he killeth his Sire, and ravifheth his own damm : which puttogecher importeth ; Oyow that enter the world, and goout of ts God hateth injue flice. At the firft they were governed by Pharaohs of their own 3 of whom Sefofiris was figniferh athe moft famous, and puiflant, who entred.the Red Sea. in Gallies, which he firft ine King. Nec minus hic varia dus }etus imagine Templi, Delighted with the various rinagery, Ad geminas fert ora fores ; cunabula gentis Colchidos hic, ortufque tuens: ut prima Sefoftris Intulerit Rex bella Getis ; ut clade fuorum Territus; vented : fubdued Arabia, and the greater part. of Ethiopia and Lybia. Elated with thefe beginnings, he affected the Empire of the world - over-running nor only thofe countries of the greater Afiz, long after overcome by, Alexander: bur to the ‘utters! mott confines of the South and Eait Continent, extending his conguefts.. Then in= clining Weft-ward, he vanquifhed the Scythiaes, and thofe nations that border on the Euxine Sea: palling over into Europe, he {abdued the Thracians. When oppreffed by famine, by reafon of thofe more barren countries, and the multitude of his peo-~ ple, he was conftrained to give over his enterprize; and returning. by the river Phafis over-came the Getes: where he left his moft tired Souldiers; and fupplied his army with the people of that countrey.. Whereof Flaccus, de{cribing the doors of che Teme ple of Celchis, figured with the original of the Colchsans. | Upon the two-leav’d doors he throws his eye, And views the Colchians ftem zehow firft on Getes hos Thebas,patriumque reducat ad amnem : Sefoftr ts. warr'd , bow fr ighted with defeats, Phafidis hos imponat agris, Colchofque vocari Thofe he tranfports to Thebes, and famed Nile, Imperet : Arfinoen illi, trepidzeque requirunt - Thefe plants in fields of Phapis, aud doth ftile Oua lecta Pharis pinguemque fine imbribus anquin) It Cholchos : they led to eAr{inoes towers, Val. Flac. Argon. 1. 5. Pharus delights, and earth rich withont fhowers. In the vanquifhed countries he ereéted pillars’ whereon were ingraven ( befides thé atts that he had done) the figures of men, and on divers, the privities of a woman sto cedtifie \ LIB. i. Lhe History of Egypt: 83 ceftifie the valour of cowardize orthe conquered. At his return into Egype on fo- lemn dayes, he was drawn by tributary Kirgs unto the Temples of his gods, which he had adorned with their {poils: He caufed many trenches to be cut thorow the land, and fome of themnavigable. Whereby un- profitable marifhes were drained, the countrey ftrengthened, traftick made eafie; and fuch places relieved as laboured with the penury of waters. He attempted to have made a navigable channel between the Red Sea, and the River ; afterwards feconded by Darius : but both defifted upon the like fufpicions. For that Sea was found to lie higher than Egypt : which made them mifdoubr, that it would either drown the countrey, or elfe by mixing with the Niles, diffeafon his waters. The marks of their proud endeavours are at this day extant: neverthelefs, in fome fort long after effcéted by Philadelphis. Cambyfes was the firft that made tltem {toop toa forein yoke, who overthrew theit temples, and maffacred their Priefts, after that with his own hands he had wounded their Apis : deriding their fubverted and bleeding gods ; of them, and of themfelyes fuch infirm protectors. For which they reported that he became from thence-forth mad, and had fuch ill fuccefs in his fucceeding expedition. ‘* the Ethiopian., Furious Cambyfes tothe * longliv’d went: —— Verfaniis in ortus who are faidordi- Bed with the flaughter of hes own.balf. {pent C2byfes longi populos pervenit ad evi: warily to live unte Revavedinr Jus Eaft g So eck if ? Defedtufg; epulis, & paftus cede fuoruin 2 redite I2oyears. Lucan, |, 20. In the time of Darins that veas called Nothus, they expulfed the Perfians, and again were governed by Kings ef their own. But Ochus reduced them unto their formet obedience : continuing fo, until Alewander the Great with the reft of the world fub- dued that countrey. After whofe death, inthe divifion of his Empire, Egypt fell to Prolomews the fon of Lagus, and continued in his family for the {pace of wo hundred and four years, ten Kings, and all of that furrname, fucceeding each other. Philadelphus being the fecond in defeent, but frft inglory , then Evergetes, Philopater, Epiphanes, Phylometer, Phyfcon, ( fo called for his deformity) Lathures and Auletes: who left his fon Diony/ius together with Cleopatra, the co-heirs ofhis {cepter. Bur her, her bro- ther banifhed, i > : Bs i oh ae wets te ? Laft of the Lagi, worft : now to leave State i i ed oe pis, per EG Me prose : 773 ! / egener Ince lceptris Cellure OCXrOriss To thy incefinous filter, lofe to fate. | : ae CR ES he BVhotrug wp ina mattrefs, and conveyed by night into a litcle boat, unto the lodging ‘of Cefar lately porfuing Pompey, and then his murtheress: with her bewitching blandifhments prevailed fo well, that fhe conquered the conqueror. A fatal monfter unto Rome, and like Sejanus his horfe unto her wretched lovers : yet made fhe an end unto her life unanfwerable. “a eae —Que generofius. Who fering nobly how to die _ Perire quarens , non muliebriger Nor Bae a WOMAae, tamorouly - Expavit enfem, nec latentes : Avoids the {word: nor with fwift oars _ Clafle cita reparavit oras. Sought Niles abftruce and un-trac’d {hores, : | Aula & jacentem vifcere regiam That with a clear brow durft behold | bh Le Hae & afperas ; i. 8 : iy factare lerpentes : Ut atruna Her down- caft fate: nr controll'd Corpori cambiberit venenum, By horror > offer h ey firm r eft ‘ Deliberata morte ferocior. To touch of Afps, ana deaths ary eft. . Szxvis Liburnis {cilicet invidens More brave in her deliberate end, : _ g. Privata deduci faperbo Great foul, difdaining ‘a defcend | Non humilis mulier triumpho» Fe To thraldome, and a valfal gor | Hor. 1, 1.08. 37. To grace the trinmpk of her foe. , Her tragedy acted ; Ofavins Cafar redaced Egypt into the form of a Province. Under the Roman bondage they received the Chriftian liberty, by the Miniftry of S. AZark the Evangelift. In the divifion of chat Empire they became fubjeét to the Gonftanti- sopolitar Emperours. But the Egyptsans {oon weary of their oppreflions, (not long af- ter the impoftury of e#fabomet ) as fome fay, called in the Saracens to affift them in the expulfion of the Greeks ; But howfoever they were expulfed by Hamro General to Omar the fecond Adahometan high Prielt, in the year 635.. Who only impofing a tri- bure, afforded unto all the liberty of Religion. So Egype became fubjeé pe a A ass DHS 8 4 . ; | 7 be Hiftory of Eg ppt. 4 LIB L Caliphs of Babylon, until they fer up a Caliph of their own : yet repute cal. Three hundred and.twe years the Egypizan Caliphs continued : untill the time of Almericus the tixth King of Ferafalem. by him invaded, the Caliph intreated aid of the Sulran of Syria, who fent him Saracco, that repelled the Chriftians, and by mur- dering the affilted, ufurped his fovereignty. To him fucceeded Saladine the utter fub- verter of the Holy-land. Who dying, forbade all: funeral pomp, fave only a fhirt to be carried about on the point of a {pear, with this proclamation - Great Saladine the conquerour of the Eaft, ; Of all the fiate and glory he poffeft, . ( O frail and tranfitory geod ! )) no more | Hath bern avay, but that poor {hirt be wore. , Seventy and fix years that Kingdome continued with the Turks, until the reign of Melec-fala: who often foiled by the Chriftians, having loft moft of his men, and diftrufting the Egyptians, bought a multitude of Circafstan flaves ( a people border- ing on the Euxine dea, heretofore called Getes ) of the Tartars which then had over- runthat Nation. Thefe hearmed ; and by their valour not only freed bis countrey, but gave the Frerch-men a fearful overthrow, taking King Lewis prifoner hard by ‘Damiata. But thefe flaves a while after murdered Adelec-fala, and elected a Sultan oftheir own, tyrannizing over the natural Inhabitants, and {till maintaining their power, by the yearly purchafe of Circaffian children, brought unto Alexander by Rovers and Merchants. Thefe they infiruéted in the eAZahometan law, and -xercife of arms ; the fon not fucceeding the father, neither in Empire nor military profeffion : no nor fo much asin the name of a Mammaluke. Dreadful mm power, and abounding in riches, for two hundred and feventy years they upheld that govern- Overthrown at length by Selyms the firlt Turkyfh Emperour, and after fun- ed, together with their lives, e ment, dry doubtfel and mortal confliéts, utterly excinguith they loft their dominion to the conquerour.. In whofe pofterity it remaineth at this ’ ‘day : and is now governed by a Bafa, who hath his relidence in Cairo, «and com- eth as an abfolute Sovereign. Under whom are fixteen Sanziacks, and an hun- dred thoufand Spachies. The revenues of this little countrey amounting to three mil- Having ot Sharifs. The great Turk having one ( viz. four hundred thonfand disburfed fumefamp yearly in fugar, and rice, and fent to Confiantinople , the gelidve fent over-landwith mithshe 4 guard of fix hundred fouldiers for fear ot the Florentine : ) another million is {pent Te ume in payes, and infecting forth the Caravan unto eA/echa: the third hath the Bafa of Cairo tor the fupportance of his own eftate, and entertainment of his dependants. But this addedwhere is little in regard of that which was raifed thereof in the reign of e#uleres, who re- it is coyned: ceived feven millions and a half of Crowns, much more fuppofed to have yielded ro ver the more provident Romans. ohh The Bafa now being, and called eZabomer, is aman well ftricken in years, of.a ner gold by Cowre and inflexible nature. At his firft entrance he cut off the heads of four thoufand emoor thee Spachies, that had born themfelves roo infolently, and committed many outrages and Alperse exrortions. He fent the great men that bore over-much fway, unto Conflantinople ; fufedtogo, he canfed to be ftrangled; ufing the aid of the efrabians ted the other ) inallhis executions. If a robbery be committed, and 3 f =, flead; infemuch as often they attach poor innocents, when they cannot apprehend : ct 33 i Fhe ra Baolee rhary : the. guilty afelves from punifhmemt. They bore holes thorow the _ condemned’s arms, wide on {taves; in which are candles fuck, that burn down into the Heth - and are led in that manner thorow the City, unto the place of execution... Ol e flript of their skins, yet live in horrible torment fo Jong ¥e Tende not the navel.. Drunkennels is punifhed with death C nas not (ne navel. YUNRCHNCIS IS punt WG with C eath ; ykt into, chat [think inno other place you fhall fee mon ch itude of people. The malice his rigour procured se | ry SEER ae on Ay asthe Je . PAA SE Peer Bo 3 J had canfed him(elf to confine himfef ro the Caftle for a tweive month before s government is fo wellapproved of by the Grand Sig- jor, thatcodo him the more honour, he hath given him his daughter in‘marriage, a . rr tis . e 3 . ° 1 xy oO 3 child of four years, old, which hath been folemnized with all poffible ceremonies: One thing more ig if him praife-worthy ,; that he will hardly futter a Chriftian to turn eAMabometan, either out of the diflike of his own religion, or: knowing well that they do it only for commodity and preferment. fs a egypt LIB. IL Of the Mooreés. | Egypt is now divided into three Provinces ; that which lies South of Cairo, is eal: led Sabsd: that between Cairo, Rofetta, and eAlexandrias Errifia; and that between Cairo, Damiata, and Tenefe, eMaremma. Sabidexceedeth the reft in line; all forts of pulfes, poultry, and cattel ; Evrifiain fruits, and rice, and e#faremma in cottons, and fugar. The inhabitants of Errifia and Maremma are more civil than thofe of Sabid, as more converling with foreigners ; Sabid being only reforted unto by a few Aithie- pans. The Pharaohs and ancient Egyptian Nobility did refide in Sahid, the Prolemies in Errifias the Romans and Grecks, along the fea-coafts. But the Afahometans made the midft of the Land the feat of their Empire, both the better ro keep the whole in Mbje&tion, and for fear of the Chriftians invading the maritim places. The Egypti- ans of the middle times, were a people degenerating from the worth of ‘their ance= ftors’; prone to invocations, devoted to luxary, cowatdly, cruel, naturally addi ed to {coff and to cavil, detraéting from whatfoever was gracious and eminent. Thofe that now inhabit the countrey, are for the moh part Moors. Turks there are many, and Fews, which refide onely in Cities, ftore of Arabians, and not a few Negroes. OF Chriftians the native Gopties are the moft innumber: fome Grecks there be, and afew Armenians. The Egyptian Moors ( defcended of the e4rabians, and underftanding each other ) are men of a mean flature, tawny of complexion, and fpare of body , fhrill- tongued, and nimble-footed; naturally induftrious, affe@ing more their profi than their eafe, yet know they how to live of a little, as in nothing riotous. Ra: ther crafty are they chan wife ; more ebfervant than faithtul 3; and by much more de- -vout than the Turks in the eA abometan Religion. In learning they are utterly igno- rant. Amongft them none are noble: few admitted to the fouldiery, ( nor fuffered in towns to wear weapons ) not any to Magiftracy. In Cities the belt of them exer- cife merchandize - rich by means of their traffick with the Indians 3 yet that decayed fince our Eaft-Indian voyages ; infornuch as {pices brought out of the Levant here- tofore, are now with profit brought thither by our Merchants. In habit they differ little from the Turks, excepting fome of the younger fort, who wear fide-coats of linnen ( the ancient habit of that cowntrey ) girt to their wattes, and towels thrown -about the necks of the fame. ( Divers of the Negroes wear velts like furplices. } ‘The poorer people wear long garments of hair, {treak’d black and white ; In the winter, fide-coats of cotton. The beggars by finging, both get relief, and comfort their poverty’; playing withall upon drums which are fafhioned like fieves. A num-' ber here be affli€ted with fore-eyes, either by the reflecting heat, the falt duft of the foyle, or exceflive venery : for the pocks is uncredibly frequent amongft them. The women, when out of their houfes, are wrapt from the crown of the head to the foot in ample robes of litnen, {preading their arms underneath to appear more corpulent. For they think it a {pecial excellency to be fat; and moft of them are fo: fo in frequenting the Bannias, for certain dayes together ; wherein they ufe fuch diet and fri€tions, as daily ufe confirmerh for effe@ual. They cover their faces with black cyprefs befpotted with red. Their under garments are of lighter ftuffs than the Turkifh, but not differing in fahhion. The better fort wear hoops of gold and fil- wer about their arms, and above their ancles: others ef copper ; with pieces of coyn half covering their Soré-heads ; and plates hung about their necks, Sc. Both men and women do brand their arms for the love of each other. Divers of the women I have feen with their chinns diftained into knots and flowersof blue, made by pricking of the skin with needles, and rubbing it over with ink ahd the juice of an herb, which will hever wear out again. They have quick and eafie labout, bearing heretofore often two, and fometimes three at a burthen ; though alfo born in the eighth moneth living: rarely, if elfewhere heard of. Inthe adjoyning defarts of Saint Macario, a plant there is, low, leave-lefs, brown of colour, branched like coral, and clofed at the top: this, in the time of the labour of women, they fet in water, in fome corner of the room, which Rirangely difplayeth ; procuring ( as they generally conjecture) eafie deliveries; The countrey people do follow husbandry. They are not long in dreffing themfelves, being only wraptin a cuffet mantle: nor have the women any better coyerture: hiding theic faces with beaftly clouts, having holes for their eyes ; ‘which little is too much tofee, and abftain frem loathing. Over their fhathes the men wear réunds of ftiffen- ed ruffet: todefend their brains from the piercing fervour. A people breaths not more favage and nafty ; crufted with dirt, and ftinking of finoke, by’ reafon of the 8 * fuel, and their houfes which have no chimneys, Some of them dwell under beggarly Secmchis cents, and thofe efteemed of the old As a | . , But hominum? 64 OF the Copties. : LIB. If, But the Copties are the rue Egyptians, retaining the name of Captus that ancient City and Territory, a little below, and on thar fide the River where once flood Called Thebes, againft the Mland of the Tenterites. The name fignifieth Privation ; fo called, common- for that there J/is cut off a lock of her hair, and put on funeral garments for the death ly and cor- of Ofiris. Others will have them fo called in regard of their circumcifion.. Thele, as ruptly | faid, are Chriftians, notwithftanding they are circumcifed: whereof they now be- Coltiss gin tobe afhamed, faying, That in che countrey they are thereunto compelled by thee Adoors, and in the Cities, where fecure from violence, they ufe it not: hawbeit, doing it rather, in that an ancient cuftome of their nation ( mentioned by Herodorns) than out of Religion. They were infe@ted with that herefietof one nature in Ghrift, long before Facobus ( of whom now named, and of whom we fhall {peak hereafter, ) divulged it in Syria, At this day they profefs him to be perfeét God and perfect mang yet darenot diftinguifh his natures, for fear of dividing his perfon, They baptize noe their children untill forty-dayes old. On Saturday prefently after midnight, they tepair to their Churches, where they remain well-nigh until 5unday at noon; during which time, they neither fir-nor kneel, but fupport themfelves upon crutches. The Prieft is veiled, and velted in linnen, having two.or three boyes apparelled alike, and fe- queftred from the reft of the people, coaflifthim ; for they confer inferiour Orders upon children. They fing over moft part.of the Pfalms of David at every meeting, with divers parcels.of the old and new Teftaments; the latter as written by Nicome- des : fome in the Coptick, language, undetRood but by few, moft in the Adorefco, Of- ten both Prieft and people conjoyn in favage noifes, to our judgments not articulates Lhe Prie& not feldome elevatetha red cloth ( under which; I fuppofe, is the Sacra- ment ) which they adminifter in both kinds, and give it ro Infants prefently after Bap- tifm. Inthe Churches they have the pi€ture of our Saviour, and the bleffed Virgin, burt not over their Alrars ; nor for any thing I could perceive do they reverence them, In certain chefts they prefervé the bones and afhes of {uch as have turned Adahometans, and afterwards recanted, for which they have fuffered Martyrdome. At their en- trance, they kifs their hands, and lay them upon one another ; the women in grated galleries feparated fromthe men. Extreme unétion; Prayer for the dead, and Purga- tory, they admit nor of. The Roman Church they hold for heretical, and reject all peneral Councils, after that of Ephefus. Yet a multitude of late have been drawn to seceive the Popifh Religion ( efpecially in Cairo ) by the induftry of Friars: having had she Roman Liturgy fent them from Rome, together with the Bible, in the Arabick, language. Of Alexandria hath the Patriarch his name ; but his aboad is in Cairo, Six dayes journey above Caire, up the River, they have a great City called Saige ; where Chrift and his'mother, was faid to have made their aboad until the death of | Herod: unto: which, growing old and fickly, they repair, as defirous to die there : where there is a. goodly Church, though fomething ruinous: built by Helen the mo-~ ther of Conflantime, and confecrated to the blefled Virgin. They never eat in the day time during the Lent, but on Saturdayes and Sundayes.. They wear round caps, tows els about their necks, and gowns with wide fleeves, of cloth, and ftuffs lefs ponde- rous. Thefe live in more {ubje&tion than the Afoors, by tcafon of their religion : and pay yearly a certain {um for their heads to the Bafa; Ignorant they are in the excel- lencies of their anceftors, but retaining their vices. Some of them profefs fome know- ledge in Magick ; being but juglers, compared with the former, by whom fuch mira- cles were-effedted. 2os90 ac» - An incredible number of Gities are reported by Authors to have been in this coun- i to trey: of whom the moft famous were Syene, ( now ¢4/na) feated under the Tropick ay *3* of Cancer (in which was a well of marvellous depth, enlightned throughout by the ie Sun, in the Summer Solftice : ) the Regal Thebes deftroyed by Camby/es ; eighty furs longs long, and built all upon vaults : . ‘Qua centum portarunt {unt #ducentiantem per u- With hundred gates : through each two bandred may namquamque. | } ai ths On chariots mounted, pafs in fair array ; Viri egrediantur cum equis & curribus. , pals in fe iy 5 UE multat in domiibus opes récondite jacent, Whole boufes much hid trea{nre held—— Hom, 1. 1,9. ( called aftersthe Gity of Fupiter, nowdhewing fome few foundations and reliques of old glories:) Memphis ,Babylon,and Alexandria : whither iris high time tbat we return. After Alexander had fubdued Egypt, determining to builda City, that might pre ferve his memory, and to plant it with Grecrans;he made election of bis er ; advife Called by the Turks Scandaria, LIB. I. Alexandria when it flourifbed. Pharuss = = 87 advifed ( as it is faid ) thereunto by Homer in adream’, who feemed tq pronounce thefe verfes. . An ifle there us by furging feas embracad Infula deinde quedam eft valde undofo in Ponto Bs we > j ZEgyptum ante ( Pharum vero ipf{am vucant. ) Which men call P harus, before Egypt plac’d. Syt Odyit we pla vocant. ) The platform for want of chalk, was laid ourwithmeal, prognotticating thereby her enfuing felicity : drawn inthe figure of a eWMacedonian cloak ; and afterward _ walled by ‘Ptolemy. The fides ftretching out in length , contained in diameter three thoufand feven hundred paces ; thofe in the latitude, a thoufand contraéted at the ends by narrow If{thmufes ; here bounded with the lake, and there with the fea. The contriver, and overfeer of the work was Dinoerates. From the gate of the Sun, unto that of the Moon, on each fide of the way ftood ranks of pillars ; in the midft a {pacious Court, let into by anumber of ftreets; infomuch.as the people that paffed throughout, in fome fort did feem to have undertaken, a. Journey. On the left hand of this flood that part of the City which was named of elexander ; " being as it were a City of it felf, whofe beauty did herein differ: for look how far chofe columns direétly extended in the former, fo did they here, but obliquely placed. So that the fight difperfed thorow multitudes of wayes, and ravifhed with the magnificency thereof;. could hardly be fatisfieds A wonderful adorning thereunto were the Fannes, and regal palaces poffefling well nigh a fourth part of the Gi- ty ; for every one did itrive to add fome ornament as well to the houfes of their Kings, as to the Temples of their Gods; which ftood on the Ealt fide of the City ; adjoyning, and participating one with another. Amongft the which was that famous eMufeum, founded by Philadelphus, and endowed with ample reve- nues < planted with fuch as were eminent in liberal Sciences,drawn thither by rewards, and cherifhed with favours. He caufed the Philofophy of the Egyptians ( before all one peculiar to the Priefls ) to be divulged in Greek for the benefit of Students. He procured feventy of the principal learned amongit the Fews to tranflate the Bible, called at this day the Sepruagint : And ereéted that renowned Library furnifhed with feven hundred thoufand volumes, burnt long after by mifhap, that me when Cefar was driven into a narrow exigent by the unlookt for affaulr of Achilles. Renewed and augmented by the Roman Emperours, it flourifhed until the Afabometans {ubdued Egypt, and fubverted all excellencies with their barbarifm. Within a Seraglio called Somia, belonging to'the Palaces,’ the Prolemses had their fepultures, together with éAl:xander the Great, ; : Me Of Macedon, in {acred vault poles, Cum tibi facrate Macedon feryatur in antro, one Gh: Et regum cineres extructo monte quiefcunt And under bigh piles royal alhes reft. g quiefcunt. =i bP “Math. ft Lucan, |. 8. For Prolemy the fon of Sadas took his corps from Perdiccas : who bringing it from Babylon, and making for Egypt, with intention to have feized on that Kingdom, upon his approach was glad to betake himfelf inte a defart Ifland, where he fell ( chruft through with favelins) by the hands of his Souldiers : who brought the body unto Alexandria, and bwried it inthe place aforefaid ; then inclofed ina fepulchre of gold. But Cybiofaétes the Cyprian, efpouling the eldett daughter of -Auletes, and in her right pofleft of che Kingdom, (the being elected Queen) defpoyled the body of that precious . coverture : when forthwith ftrangled by Cleopatra, he lived not to enjoy the fruits of his covetoufnefs. After that ic was covered with glafs , and fo remained until the time of the Saracens. There is yet here to be feen a little Chappel; within, a comb, much honoured and vifited by the A¢ahometans , where they beftow their alms; fuppoting his body to lye in that place: Himfelfrepured a greac Prophet, they being fo informed by their Alcoran. : e i Againgt the City flands the Ifle of Pharws, which was joyned to the Continent Now cal- by bridge ¢ that alfo ferved to fupport an Aquaduét) through which boats pafled-led ats- from ene haven into another, both made by the benefit of the Ifland. In a pro- £74”. montory thereof, ona rock environed by the fea, Philadelphus cauled a tower to be built of a wonderful height ,; afcending by degrees, 4nd having many Lanterns at : the top, wherein lights burned nightly for a direétion to fuchas failed by fea. For 4°r0/4- the coafts upon both fides being rocky, low, and harbourlefs, conld not otherwife be 7” approached without eminent danger. Yer divers times the multimde of lights appeating afar off as one, and miftaken for a flar, procured contrary efix¢ts, : ee ; Ee | Alexandria when it flourifbed. LEB/H, to the promifed fafery. This had the repute of the Worlds feventh wonder, named _after the name of the Iflind. Ac this day a general name for fiich as ferve co war pur- pole. Soitratus of Gnydos, the ambitious architeét, ingraved thereupon this 1 ferip- tion; SOSTRATUS OF GNYDOS THE SON OF DEXIPHANES, TO THE GODS PROTECTORS FOR THE SAFEGUARD OF SAILERS , which he covereth with plaifter, infcribing the fame with the name, and title of the King : that that foon wafting, his own written in matble might be celebrated ro eternity. This promontory fretching near unto that of the oppofed Continent, doth make a harrow entrance into a dangerous haven, called the Port of the Tower; be- fore, and within there being many rocks, fome covered ; and others eminent, which continually crouble the repulfed waters. That on rhe other fide, called. the chained np Port, more fecure than convenient, is now only referved for the Turk- ifh gallies. Sn the South-fide of the Ciry, and not far removed, isthe lake Afareotss, in time paft refembling a Sea both in greatnefs and profundity. Made by the labour of man, as Alerodorus conjeétures by the two Pyramides in the middle: being as far under the water as above: that above farmounting it fifty paces. On each there ftoud a Coloflus of ftone, adding as much more to the height of the vifible building. Thefe were the fepulchres of King eAf@ris and his wite, who is faid to have digged that lake, which naturally produces no water ; having a dry and fandy bottom, but replenithed yearly by the inundations of Dilws, let in by fundry channels, at whofe mouthes were Hoyd-gates, to moderate the excefs of ebbs and ovet- flows : increafing for fix moneths together, and for as long diminifhing. A work of exceflive charge, and incredible performance. To this nor much infe- riour, adjoyneth a Labyrinth ; in the midtt whereof were thirry feven Palaces; belonging to the thirty feven Jurifdiétions of Egypt, ( whereof ten were in Thebass, ten in Delta, and feventeen in the middle Region ) unto which reforted the feveral Prefidents to celebrare the feftivals of their gods ( who had therein their particular Temples ; moreover fifteen Chappels, concaining in cach a Demis) and alfo to advife of matters of importance concerning the general welfare. The paflages thereunto were thorow caves of a matvellous length; full of winding paths,-as dark | as hell, and rooms within one anotber ; having many doors to contound the me- mory, and diftraét the intention ; leading into inexplicable errour : now mounting aloft, and again re-defcending, not feldome turning about walls infolded within one another , in the form of intricate mazes, not poffible to thred, or ever to gat out without a couduétor. The building more under the earth than above, being all of maffie ftone, and laid with tharart, that neither cement nor woed was employ- ed throughout the univerfalfabrick. The end at length attained to, a pair of flaires of ninety fteps condu@ed into a ftately Portico fupported with pillars of Theban ftone: the entrance into a fpacious hall (a place for their general conventions ) all of polithed marble, adorned with the ftatues of gods and mens with others of monfrous refemblances. The chambers were fo difpofed, that upon their opening, the doors did give reports no lefs terrible than thunder, The firft entrance was of white marble, within chorowout adorned with marble columns, and diverfiry of figures. - By this defigured they: the perplexed life of roan, combred and intangled with manifold mifch:efs, one fucceeding another: thorow which impoffible ro pafs with-. out the condué of wifdom, and exercife of unfainting fortitude. Dedalus was {aid to have imitated this, in that which he built in Crete: yet exprefling hereof fcarce the hundredth part. Whofo mounted the top, fhould fee as it were a large plain of ftone: and withal thofe feven and thirty Palaces, environed with folid pillars, and walls confifting of ftone of a mighty proportion. At the end of this Labyrinth there ftood a fquare Pyramis of a marvellous breadth, and anfwerable altitude: the fe. ‘pulchre of King J/mandes, that buile it. About this lake grew excellent wines, and long lafting. : ——And ample goblets fell, ~iGenimegue capaces e Excepere merum fe Wobile, fed paucis fenium cui contulit annis. | d non Ma Lucan. |. 8. reotidos uvx Not with the generous juyce of grapes that grow By eMareotis, nor that lafteth fo. a This lake affordeth another haven unto the City, than that of the Sea more profita- ble by reafon’ of the commodities of India, the eArabian Gulph, and up-land parts of Egypt, branght down by the conveniency of that paflage by channels now utterly *s \ LIB. Il. _ Lhe prefent flate of Alexandria. ee utterly ruined. And the fame by a narrow cut was joyned unto anothet lake, farlefs; ~~ and nearer the fea : which at this day roo plentifully turnifheth all Turkée. with falt- petre. Between the lefs Lake and the City, there paffeth an artifical channel, which 'ferveth chem with water (for they have no wells) in the time of the deluge : conveyed by conduits into ample cilterns ( now moft of them fenny for want of ufe : and occa- fion of much ficknefs in the f{ummer ). and fo preferved until the fucceeding overflow. For Alexandria was all buile upon vaults, fupported with carved pillars one above another, and lined with ftone , inforauch as no {mall proportion thereof lay conceal- ed inearth, confider we either the coft or quantity. Such was this Queen of Cities and e@etropols of Africa: but Ab hove much different Feu quantum Niobe, Niobe diftabat ab illa That Niobe from this ! ) BOT Ovid. Met. 1. 6. who now hath nothing left her bat ruines} and thofe ill witnefles of her perifhed beauties : declaring rather that towns as well.asmen, have their ages and deftinies. Onely thofe walls remain which: were founded ( as fome fay ) by Prolemy, one within another, imbattelled and garnifhed with three-fcore and eight tlirrets rather ftately than ftrong, if compared with the modern. Yetthefe, by the former defcriptions, and: ruines without, appear.to have immured bit a part of the City. After that deftroyed by the Saracens, itlay for,a longtime wafte : untila @Mahoe- metan Prieft, pronouncing (as he faid, out of Adahomets Prophecies’) indulgences to fuch as fhould re-edifie, inhabit, or contribute money thereunto within certain ayes, did in a fhort feafon re-people it. But a latter deftru€tion it received by the Cypriots, French; and Venetians, about the time that Lewis the fourth was enlarged by the Sultan, who furprized the City with a marvellous flaughrer, But hearing of the approach of the Su/tan, ( who had raifed a great army for their relief) ‘defpairing to maintain it, they fet it on fire, and departed. The Sultan repairing the walls. as wellasheécould, built chis Gaftle thar now ftands on the Pharus, for the defence of the haven; and brought it to that ftate wherein’ it remaineth: Sundry mountains are raifed of the ruinés, by Chriftians not to be mounted’, left ‘they fhould take too exaéta furvey of the City: in which are often found ( efpeci- ally after a fhower ). rich ftones, and medals. engeaven with the figures. of their gods; and men, with fuch perfeétion of art, as thefe now cut, feem lame to thofe; _and unlively counterfeits. On the cop.of one of them ftands a watch-tower, where ’ continual fentinel.is kept, to give notice of approaching fails. Of Antiquities there are few remainders: only an Hieroglyphical Obelisk of Theban marble,’ as hard well-nigh as Porphytie, but.of a deeper red, and {peckled alike, called Pharaohs Nee- dle, ftanding where once ftood the, palace of Alexander’: and another lying by, and like it, half buried in rubbifh. Without, the walls, on the South-wett-fide of the City, ona little hill ftands a Column of the fame, all-of ftone: eighty fix Palmes high, and thirty fix in Compafs,, the Palm confifting. of nine inches and a quarter; according to the meafure Gevoa, as meafured tor Zigal Bafa by a Genoefe : {et upon.a iquare cube ( and which is to be wondred.at') not half fo large as the foot of the Pillar: called. by the Arabians Hemadeflaeor;' whichis, the Co- lumn of the Arabians. They tell a fable, how that one of the Prolemies erc&ted the fame inthe tartheft extent of the haven, to defend: the: Gity from- Naval in- curfions, having placed a Magical glafs.of fteel on the top; of virtue Cif uncovered) to fet on fire fuch fhips.as fail’d by. But {ubverted :by enemies, the glafs' loft that power,, who in this.place re-erected the Colomn, Bur by the Weltern Chri- ftians it is called, The pillar of Pompey : and is faid'to have been reared by Cefar, as a memorial of his Pompeian vittery. The Patriarch of Alexandria hath here a houfe adjoyning toa Church ; which ftands ( as they fay): in the place where Saint «44 ark was buried, their firft Bifhep and Martyr: whoin the dayes of Trajan, haled with 4 rope tyed about his neck, unto the place called e-4ngeles, was there burned for the teftimony of Chrift, bythe idolatrous Pagans. Afterward his bones were retio- ved to Venice by the Venetians, he being the Saintand Patron of that City. There be at this day two Patriarchs, one of the Greeks ;: anothervof the Circumeifed, the univerfal Patriarch of the Coftées and Abyjjines. The name of the Greek Patriarch now being, is Cyrz/ , a man of approved virtue and learning, a friend to the Reform- ed Religion ; and oppofing the contrary: faying, That thedifferences between us and the Greeks, be but-fhells; but chat thofe are kernels:berween them and the o- ther, Of him fomething more {hall be fpoken hereafter.’ The buildings now be- Hie ; cine, 90 both for friend and enemy ) then for ' This City fandsu The piefent Stateof Alexandria. R ofetta, LIBLIL ing, are mean and few, erected on the ruines of the former: that part that lyerh along the fhore inhabited only, the reft defolate: che wallsalmof quadrangular ; oneach lide agate ; one opening towards Nils, another regards Afariots, the third the defarr of Barcha, and che fourth the haven. Inhabited by AZoors, Turks, Fews, Cofties, and Grectans, more in regard of Merchandize, ( for Alexandria is a tree porr, the conveniency of the place: feated in a defarr, where they have neither tillage nor pafturage, except what borders on the lake ;. that \ittle, and an-husbanded ; yee Kept they good ftore of goats, that have ears hanging down to the ground, which feed among(t the ruines. On the Ifle of Pharus, now a pare of the continent, there ftands.a €a(tle, defending the entrance of the haven; which hath no water but what 1s brought upon Camels from the ciftérns of the City: this, at our coming in, as is the ufe, we faluted with our ordnance: As many of us as came afhore, were brought to the Cuftome-houfe; to have our felves, and our valeif{as fearched « where ten in the hundred is to be paid for whatfoever we have, and that in kind, onely money pays but one and’a half. whereof they take an exact account, that thereby they may aim at the value of rerurned commodities ; then paying eleven in the hundred more, even for fuch goods as are in property un-altered ; At fo high a rate is this free traffick purchafed: the e-Afabometan here paying as much as the Chri- ftian. The cuftomes are farmed by the Fews, paying for the fame unto the Baffa twen- ty thoufand * Madeins a day,’ thirty of chem amounting to a Royal of eight. We lodged in the houfé of the French Conful, unto whofe protection all ftrangers com- mit themfelves. The Cane lockt up by the Turks at noons and nights, for fear that the Frazks flrould fuffer or offer any ourrage. The Vice-conful keeps a table for Merchants: the Gonful himfelf'a A¢agaifico, lefs liberal of his Prefence, than indu- {trious to pleafure ; yet rather f{taiely than proud ; expeéting refpeét, and meriting good wills that was a Prieit,and would be a Cafdinal ; with the hopes whereof, they — fay, that he feafteth his ambition. By him we were provided of a Fanizary for our guard unto Garro ;_ his hire five pieces of gold, belide his own diet and his mans; with provilion of powder. For our affes ( not inferiour in this countrey unto horfes for travel ) half a thariffa piece, for our camels a whole one. Art the gate they took Madein a head, for our felves.and our affes,fo indifferently do they prize us; through. which we could not pafs without a Te/caria from the Gadee, the principal officer of this City. On ap fecond of February in the aft ernoon we undertook our journey ; paffing thorow a defart producing here and ther e a few un-husbanded Palmes, Capers, and a weed called Kall by the Arabs. This they ufe for feuel, and then colle& the afhes, which crufht together like a ftone, they fell in great quantity to the Venetians , who equally mixing the fame. with the ftones that are brought them from Pavia, by the river of Ticinum, make thereof their cryftalline glaffes. On the left hand we left di- vers ruinous buildings, once: faid to have been the royal manfion of Cleopatra. Be- yond which ftands Bucharts ; once a little, but ancient Gity ; now only fhewing her foundations : where grow many Palmes which fuftain the wretched people that live thereabouts in beggarly'cottages. There ona rock a tower affordeth light by night to the failer, the place being full of danger.» Anon we pafled by a guard of Souldiers, there placed for the fecuring of that paflage ; paying a Madein for every head. Seven or cight miles beyond, we ferried over a Creek of the Sea. On the other fide ftands a handfome Cane, not long fince built by a Afoor of Gairo, for the relief of travellers, containing a quadrangle within, and arched underneath. Under one of thefé arches we repofed ; the {tones our beds, our fardels the bolfters. In fuch like places they unload their merchandize, refrefhing themfelves and their camels with provilion brought with them, fecured from thieves and violence. Giving a trifle for oil, about midnight we departed, having here met with good ftore of company, fuch as were allowed tra- velling with their Matches light, and prepared to #€ceive all on-fets: The Adcors to keep themfelves awake, would tell one>tale an hundred times over. Bythe Way again, we fhould ‘haverpaid Caphar, but the benefit of the night excufed us. Travelling along the fea-fhore; and at length inclining a little on the right hand, before day .we.entred Rofetta, repairing toa Cane belonging tothe Franks. Que beft entertainment an‘under-room, mufty, without light, and the unwholfome floor to lie upon, 7 7 pon the principal branctof the Wile, (called heretofore Cano- pus, ) which about fome three miles beneath ‘difchargeth it felf into the fea: Having here (as at Darmiata) his entrance crofled with a barroffand, changing according } to LIB, i. Canopus. Our voyage up the Nile. 2 Bt to the changes of the winds, and beating of the furges 5 infomuch that rhe Jerbies that pals over, are made without keels, having flat and round bottoms 2a pilot of the rown there founding all the day long, by whofe direétions they enter, and that fo clofe — unto him, that one leaps out of that boat into the other to receive pilorage, and re- tarneth {wimming. The Jerbies thar can pa{s over this barr; may, if well direéted, procced unto Cairo, Rofetta (called Rafid by the Egyptians ) perhaps derived of Ros : which fignifieth Rice, and fo named for the abundance thar it uttereth; ( they here fhealing monethly three hundred quarters.) was built by the flave of an Egyptian Cas liph. The houfes are all of brick, nor old, yet feeming ancient : flat-rooft, as general- ly all be tn thefe hotter countries; ¢ for the AZoors ufe much to lie on the tops of their houfes ) jetting over aloft like the poops of thips, to fhadow the ftreets chat are but narrow, from the Suns refle€tions. Not {mall, yet of fmall defence ; being deftitute of walls, and other fortifications, J think no place under heaven is better furnifhed with grain; flefh, fith, fugar, fruits; roors,8c. Raw hides are here a principal com- modity, from hence tran{ported into Teale... | ae In this place, or not much below it, ftood that infamous Gity of Canopus : fo cal- led of Canobus eAtenelaus his pilor, there buried by his mafter, who on thefe coafts had fuffered thip-wrack. For of all the Princes of Greece that furvived the Trojan wars, not one but mif-carried : either by incenfed Seas, or domeftical treafons. “As they fain through the rage of « Ainerva their lace prote&trefs, for the rape of Caffan- dra, committed inher Temple ; and angry gods, the bootlefs favourers of fubverted dlinm —— This know Sic trifte Minervxe Enbean rocks, Minerva's adverfe arr Sidus & Eboice cautes, ultorque Capharews And ven eful Caphareus. From Trovs warr Militia ex illa diverfum ad litus abaéti, ne VENG pea ctr ele Atrides Protei Menelaus ad ufque columnas, Tofs'd unto fundry fhores, to thar far land Exulat, &c. Strayd Menelou, whsre Proteus columns ftand. Virg. En, 1. 24. For Proteus then was King of Egypt : by whom friendly entertained, after eight years wandring, he. returned intg his countrey. Ofthis place thus fpeaketh that Prince of oets 5 Happy inhabiters of Greek Canopus Nam qua Pellzi gens fortunata Canopi : : Ta Ly Be i Accolit effufo, ftagnantem flumine Nilym Where Nile all over. [preads with bis high flow, Et circum aes ie fua rura phafelis. Who e're sheir fields.sn painted frigots row. Noise Geseee Wisc GA Throughout the world notorious for luxury, and pradtifed variety of effeminacy, and beaftlinefs. Whereaf the Saryre then, dwelling in the Province of Thebas. The, barbarous crueof defam'd Canopus , -—Luxuria quantum ipfe notavi Mate not theluxury.bere feen by uss. Barbara famofo non cedit turba Canopo; Juv. Sat. 25. For within Canopus ftood the Temple of Serapis : to whofe often feftivals reforted a world of people from eAlexandria down the artifical channels. Which day and night were well-nigh covered with painted boats, fraught with men and women: chanting amors, and dedicating their behaviours to the exce(s of liberty. Of which Pampinins excufing himfelf that he . Ni or, trading did in lowd delights delight Non ego metcatus Pharia de puppe loquaces Of Pharian barges, nor boyes exqnifite Delicias, doftumye fui convitia Nili Ininfamies of Nile, whofe tongues confent Unto their gefures ; both like impudent. Dilexi. Statius. ls. | The City it felf containing divers lakes in which were bowers and places of folace, - agreeable to their vanities, Amongft whom. ( faith Seneca) who fo avoided vicr. avoided not infamy : the very place adminiftring a {ufpition. ee _. The next day bur one that followed, we imbarqued for Cairo, ina Jerbie unto which fever water-men belonged ; which we hired for twelve dollars. This arm of the Wile is as broad at Roferta, as Thames at Tilbury ; ftraightning by litrle and little, and then in many places fo fhallow, that oft we had much ado to free our, felves from the flats that had ingaged us ; the water being ever thick , as if ey Bs vee troubled 2 Infantem, linguaque fimul falibufque protervum 92 Our voyage up the Nile. Cairo. LIB. IL troubled; and pafling along with a mute and un-fpeedy current. Ten miles above Rofetta is that cut of the River which runs to Alexandria. By the way we often, bought as much fifh for fix pence, as would have fatisfied twenty. On each fide of the River ftand many Towns, bur of no great efteem, for the moft part oppo- fire: bur partly of brick, and partly of mud, many of the poorer houfes appearing like Bee-hives: feated on little hills thrown up by the labour of man: to pre- ferve them and their cattel in the time of the overflow. Upon the banks all along are infinite numbers of deep and fpacious vaults, into which they do let the River, drawing up the water into higher ciltetns, with wheels fet round with pitchers, and tured about by Buffolocs. From whence it runs along in little trrench- es made upon the ridges of Banks, and fo is ‘conveyed into their feveral grounds, the countrey lying all in a level. The winds blew feldome favourable’: in- fomuck as the poor «Moors for moft part of the way, were enforced ‘to hale up the boar; often wading above their middles to deliver ir from, the fhallows. At every entorcing of themfelves ( asin all their labours ) crying Elough - perfwa- ded that God isnear them when they name him, the Devil far off, and all impedi- ments lefened. Of thefe it is ftrange to fee fuch a number of broken perfons ; fo being by reafon of their ftrong labour and weak food. The pleafant walks which we had on the fhore, made our lingering paflage lefs tedious. The fruitful foil pofliffing us with wonder ; and early maturity of things, there then as. for- ward as with usin June ; who begin to reap in the ending of March. The fugar anes ferved our hands for flaves, and feafted our tafts with their Itquor. By ‘the way we met with troops of horfe-men - appointed to clear thofe paflages from thieves, whereof there are many, who alfo reb by water in little frigots. Which made our careful Fasizary (for fo are moft ‘in their undertaken charges ) affitted by two other (to whom we gave their paflage, who otherwife would have taken it ) nightly to keep watch by turns: difcharging their harquebufhes in the evening, and hanging out kindled matches to terrific the thieves, and reftifie their vigilancy. Five dayes now.almoft fpent fince we firit imbarqued, an hour before Sun- fet we failed by the Southern angle of ‘Delta, where the River divideth into an- other branch, not much inferiour unto this, the Haft bounds of that Ifland’ ( which whether of Afia or Africa, is yet to be decided ) entring the fea, ( as hath been faid ) before below Damiata. Proceeding up the River, about twilight we arrived at Bo- lac, the port town to Cairo, and not two miles diftant : where every Frank. at his landing is to pay adollar. Leaving our carriages in the boar, within night we hired fix Affes, with their drivers, for the value of fix pence to conduét us unto Cairo where by an Englifh Merchant we were kindly entertained, who fed and honfed us Tatts. : : Hucha Hibnu Nafi(h the Arabian, invading apart of Africa, and making himfelf Lord of the fame, built a City in the defarts, as fearing the treachery of the 4frs- cans, fome hundred and twenty miles from the ruines of Garthage, which he called Gairo: the name fignifieth in the Arabick, tongue, a place of: Convention 2 ‘or -ra- ther, Elchabira, which fignifieth a compeller. From that time the e4rabians be- gan to mix with the «ors, from: whence this affinity in their. fpeech dork pro- ceed; yet accuftomed they in their fongs to mention their. genealogies 5 and to joyn with rheir own names the name of their Nation, This Kingdome for cer- tain years continued in his family, and grew fo grear inthe dayes of Elca» Caliph, who encred on that principality and Prieft-hood in the year of our Lord 996 that he fent out Geber, by birth a Dalmatian ( whom of a flave he had made of his Gouncil } with a mighty Army ,. wko fubdued all Numidia,and Barbary; and.in a fecond expedition conquered both Egypt and Syria. But miftrufiing the. forces of Elnir Caliph of Babylon, (to whom the Vice-Caliph of Egypt was fled) he. buile for a refuge this great, and then rong City, which he named Elchairo in memo- rial of the other. Scaliger the elder writes, that Gebor built it to forrife himfelf againft his matter, having rebelled - but Lee the eAfrieax, that he fent for the Calsph ~ into Barbary, and invefted him in his conquefts. This City is feated on the Eait- fide of the River, at the foot of the Rocky mountain e#Wuccat: winding. there- with, and reprefenting the form of acrefcent: firetching South and North with the adjoyning fuburbs, five Italian miles ; in breadth fcarce one and a half where it is at the broadeft. The walls ( if it be walled ) rather feem 10 belong unto pri- yate houfes than otherwife- yet is the City of a marvellous ifrengih: as appeared by that three dayes battel carried thorow it by Sclymws, and maigiained by a peor hes, ' $8 Caln0a snc” Poe: poor remainder of the @¥famalucks. For the ftreets are narrow, gnd the houtes high- built, all of ftone, well-nigh to the top: at the end almott of each a gare ; which fhur ( as nightly they are ) make every {treet as defenfive as a Caffle. The houfes more beautiful withour, than commodious within: being ill contrived with comberfome paflages. Yet are the roofs high pitcht : and the uppermoft light! open inthe midft, ro let in the comfortable air: flat, and plaiftred above; the walls ivr. mounting their roofs, commenly of fingle bricks, ( as are many of the walls of the uppermolt {tories ) which ruined on the top, ro fuch as ftand aloft afford a confufed {peétacle : and may be compared to a grove of flourifhing trees, that have onely feere and perifhed crowns. Their locks and keys be of wocd; even unto doors that are plated with iron. But the private buildings are not worth the mentioning, if com- pared to the publick : Of which the Mofques exceed in magnificency : the ftonés of many being curieufly carved wichour, tupported with pillars of marble, adorned with what Art can devife, and their Religion rolerate. Yet differ they inform from thole of Conffantinople ; fome being {quare with open roofs in, the middle of a huge proportion, the covered circle tarraft above: others itretching out in length, and many fitred unto the place Where.they ftand. One buile (and that the greateft ) by Gebor called Gemith {hare : He being named Hafhare by the Caliph, which fignifieth Noble. Of thefe in this City there is reported co be fuch a number, as_pafles belief ; So that ] lift not name it. Adjoyning unto them,’ are lodgings for Santons ( which are fools; and mad-men ) of whom we have fpoken already. When one of themdie, they carry his body about in procefliop, with great rejoycings : whofe foul they fuppofe to be wrapt into Paradife. Here be alfo divers ee hofpirals,both for building, revenue, and attendance: amongit which, that built by ‘Pister the fit Swi- tan of the ¢-Aamalucks;is moft remarkable ; endowed by him with the yearly revenue .of :wo hundred thoufand Sharifs. Next to thefe in’beauty are the great mens S¢- ragho's : by which if a Chriftian ride, they will pull him from his afs ( for they prohi- | bite us horfes, as not worthy co beftride them ) with indignation and conwumely. The fireets are un-paved, and exceeding dirty after a Shower ( for here it rainech fometimes in the winter, contrary ro the received opinion, and then moft fubje& ro plagues ) over which many beams are laid a-thwart on the tops of houfes, and co- vered with mats, to fhelter them from the Sun. The Jike coverture there is becween two high Mo{ques in the principal flreet of the Gity: under which, when the Baffa. pafleth, or others of quality, they fhoot up arrows, which ftick above in abundanec. The oceafion of that cufteme I know not. During our abode in the City,’ fell out the feaft of their little Byram, when in their private houfes they flaughter a number of fheep ; which cut in gobbets, they diftribute unto their faves and to the - poorer fort of pecple, befmearing the doors with their bloud - perhaps in imitation of the Pafleover, The JVile ( a mile diftant ) in the time of the in-undation, by fundry channels Hews into the City. When thefe channels grow empty, or the water cor- rupted , they have it brought them thence-forth from the River, by Camels. For although they have many wells, yet is the water bad, and good for no other ufe than ro cool the ftreets, or to cleanfe their houfes. Inthe heart of the town ftands a {pacious Cane, which they call the Befefaw, in which €as in.thofe’ ar Conflantinople ) are told all kind of wares of the finer fort : felling old things by the call of, Who gives nore ? imitating therein the Venetians, or imitated by them. Three principal gates thereby to this City : Beb. Naufree, or the gate of Victory; opening rowards the Red-fea; Beb. Znélia leading to Nilus and the old town ( between thefe the chiet-flreet of the’City doth extend,) and Bebel Furuis, or the Port of Triaraph ; on the North'of the Gity and opening to the Lake called Esbikée. Three Gdes there- of ‘are inclofed witly goodly buildings, having galleries of pleafure which jett over, fuftained upon pillars. ‘On the other lide (now a heap of ruines:) ftood the ftately Palace of Daltibie, Wife to the Sultan Caithens: in which were doors and jaumes of Ivory 5 the walls and pavements checkered with difcoloured marble : Columns of Porphyry, Alabafter, and Serpentine: the cielings flourifhed with gold and azure, and in-laid: with Indian Ebony , a wood affirmed to be onely proper to that’ countrey.! i India onely doth enjoy + ~Sola India nigrum The growing fable Ebony: fee i Yet manifeft it is, that there grew theréof by the lake eWareorit’, ng Noy 94 ye Gaines icles _ Hebenus Mareotica vaftos. Nor are the mighty Pillars wronght, Non operit polles. With Ebony from Adareotts brought. Lucan, 10. wi And in the Ifland of A4erees, ——nigris Meroen fecunda colonis, Black peopl'd Meroes (bemm’d with rocks, ) Leta ae Exulting in her Ebon locks. eras bid, ; atree, which being cut down, almoftequals a ftone in hardnefs. In a word, the magnificency was fuch as could be devifed or effeéted by a womans curiofity, and the purfe of a Monarch. Levelled with the ground by Selymus, the ftones and ornaments thereof were conveyed unto Conftantinople. The Lake both fquare and large, is buc onely a Lake when the River overfloweth ; being joyned thereunto by a channel : where the «Moors, (rowed up and down in barges, fhaded with damasks, and utts of India ) accuftome to folace themfelves in the evening: The water fallen, yet the place rather changeth than lofeth his delightfulnefs : affording the profit of five harvelts in a year, together with the pleafures frequented much in the cool of the day. I cannot forget the injury received in this place, and withall the Juftice. Abufed by a beggarly Adcor ( for fuch only will ) who then but feemed to begin his knavery, we were glad to fly unto another for fuccour, feeming a man of good fort, and by kiffing of his garment, infinuated into his favour ; who rebuked him for the wrong hedid us. Whencrofling us again, ere we had gone far, he ufed us far worfe than before. We offered to return to the other, which he hearing, interpo- fed: doing us much villany, to the merriment of the beholders ; efteeming of €hri- ftians as of dogs and Infidels. At length we got by, and again complained ; Heina | marvellous rage made his flaves to purfue him ; who caught him, ftript him, and beat him with rodsall along the level; calling us to be lookers on, and fo conveyed him to the place of correétion ; where, by all likelihood, he had an hundred blows on the . feet to feafon his paftimes. Beyond this, are a number of ftraggling houfes extending « well-nigh to Bolac, which is the key unto Cairo: a large town, and ftretching alongtt the River, in fafhion of building, in fome part not much inferionr to the other. "Within and without the City are a number of delicate orchards, watered as they do their fields, in which grow variety of excellent fruits: as oranges, lemmons, pomegranates, apples of Paradife, Sicamore figs, and others ( whofe barks they bore full of holes, the trees being as great as the greateft Oaks, the fruit not growing amongét the leaves, but_our of the bole and branches ) Dates, Almonds, Caffia fiftula, ( leaved like an afh, the fruit hanging down like fanfages; Locuft, flat, and the form of a Cycle ) Galls growing upon Tamarix, Apples no bigger chan berries, plantains, that have a broad flaggy leaf growing in cluiters, and fhapen like cacumers, the rind like a pefcod, folid within, without {tones or kernels, to the tafte exceeding delicious, ( this the Mdabometans fay was the forbidden fruit ; which being eaten by our firft parents, and their nakednefs difcovered unto them, they made them aprons of the leaves there- of ) all the year, and many more not known by name, nor feen by me elfewhere : foine bearing fruit all the year, and almoft all of them their leaves. To thefe add thofe whole Gelds of Palmes, Cand yet no prejudice to the under-growing corn ) - of all others moft delightful. ! In the aforefatd orchards are great numbers of Camelions; yet not eafily found, in that near to the colour of that whereon they fir, A creature about the bignefs of an ordinary Lizard. His head unproportionably. big, his eyes great and moving, without the writhing of his neck which is inflexible: his back crooked, his skin {potted with little rumours, lefs eminent as nearer the belly.; his tail {lender and long : on each foot he hath five fingers, three on the out-fide, and two gn the infide : low of pace, but {wiftly intending his tongue, of a marvellous length for preportion of his body, wherewith he preys upon flyes, the top whereof being hollowed by na- ture for that purpofe. Sothat deceived they be, who chink that they eat nothing, but onely live upon air ;' though furely air is their principal fuftenance. For thofe that have kept them for a whole year together, could never perceive that they fed upon any thing elfe , and might obferve their bellies to {well after they had drawn jin the air, and clofed their jaws, which they expanfe againft the rayes of the Sun. Green they be of colour, and of a dusky. yellow ; brighter and whiter towards the _ belly 3: yet {potted with blue, white, and red, They change not into all colours oom reported : LIB, If. Cairo: Sua reported, laid upon green, the green predominates ; upon yeHow the yellow : but laid upon blue, or red, or white, the green retaineth his hue notwithitanding, onely the other fpots receive a more orient luftre : laid upon black, they look black, yet not without a mixture of green. All of them in all places are not coloured alike. They are (aid to bear a deadly hatred to the ferpent: infomuch as when they efpie them basking in the Sun, or inthe fhade, they will climb to the over-hanging branches, and let down from their mouths a thred, like to that of a fpinfter, having at the end a little round drop which fhineth like quick-filver, that falling on their heads doth deftroy them : and what is more to be admired, if the boughs hang not fo over, that the thred may perpendicularly defcend, with their former feet they will fo direé&t it, that ir thall falldire@tly. Aloft, and near the top of the mountain, againft the South end of the City, ftands the Caftle, ( once the ftately manfion of the Afamaluck: Sultans, and deftroyed by Selymus ) afcended unto by one way onely, and that hewn out of the rock, which rifing leifurely with eafie fteps and fpacious diftances, (though of a great height ) may be on horfe-back without difficulty mounted. From the top; the City by reafon of the Palms difperfed throughour; appeareth moft beautifal ; the whole countrey below lying open tothe view. The Caftle fogreat, that it feemeth a City of it felf, immured with high walls, divided into partitions, and entred by doors of iron; wherein are many fpacious courts,in times paft the places of exercife. The ancient buildings all ruinated, do only fhew that they have been fumptuous $ there being many pillars of folid marble yet ftanding, and of fo huge a proportion, that how they came thither is not leaft to be wondred at. Here hath the Baffa his re-, fidence, wherein the Diva is kept on Sundays, Mondays, and Tuefdays : the Chan/es as advocates; preferring the fuits of their clients. Forty Fanizarses he hath of his guard, attired like thofe at Conflantinople; the reft employed about the countrey, for the moft part are not the fons of Chriftians ; yet faithful unto fuch as are under their | charges; whom, fhould they betray, they not onely lofe their lives, bur alfo the pay which is due to their pofterity. Such is this City, the faireft in Turkie, yer differing from what it was, as from a body being young and healthful, doth the fame grown old and wafted with difeafes. Hither, the facred thir{t of gain, and fear of poverty, allureth the adventurous Mer- chant from far removed nations : by reafon of the trade with India, and neighbour-. hood of the Red fea; being from hence not paft two dayes journey: fo called of Erythra an Egyptian King, which fignifieth Ked in that language. Yet little is the Turk advantaged thereby : flothful, of a grofs conceit to devife new ways unto profit ; and un-expert in navigations which to an induftrious and knowing people, would afford an un-fpeakable benefit. Neverthelefs they have here a haven called Sues, heretofore Arfixoes, flourithing and abounding with merchandize in the time of the Prolemies. Built by Philadelphus, andfo named in honour of his fifter, a Lady of furpaffing beauty, given in marriage to Lyfimachus King of eAfacedon. The fea there being at alow water, no broader than a River : and every where dangerous co fail thorow; by reafon of the multitude of fhelves and un-difcoverable-rocks. Speaking of this fea, I cannot but remember the wonderful projeét of Cleopatra, who flying from the battel of Attium, and gathering together all her portable riches, attempted to have hoift her thipping out of the mid-land-fea; and to have haled them into this $ with purpofe to have planted in another countrey, removed far from the danger and bondage threatned by that war: but the coming of Aathony, altered her pur- pofe. Now it isa place of fmall commerce, and inhabited by a few in regard of the fcarcity of all manner of provifion, and penury of waters. Yet is therea ftation for gallies, being in number about five and twenty. Thefe are brought from Con= frantinople unto Casro ; and taken in pieces; are carried unto Ses upon’Camels, and . there ‘put together. But the main of commodities which come to Cwize, are brought over-land by Caravan from «eWecha; as precious ftones, Spices, Stuffs of India, Indico, Gums, Amber, all forts of Perfumes, &c. But the Exglifh have fo ill utterance for their warm-clothes in thefe fot countries,’ that I believe he will rather fuffer theirthips to rot inthe River, than continue that trade any onger. | saya, ae: Now Cairo this great Gity is inhabited by A/oors, Turks, Negroes, Fews, Copties Greeks, and Armenians; who are here the pooreft, and every where the ho- nefteft: labouring painfully, and living foberly. Thofe thar are not fubjeét to the Turk, if taken in wars, are freed from bondage: who are,. live freely, and pay Bo tribute of children as do other Chriftians, This priviledge enjoy they, for that certain 96 Of the Armenians. Mount Sinai. LIB. IP. tT iouieie ceftain Armenian fore-told of the greatnefs and glory of eMabomer. They once Chal. 1, were under the Patrearch of Conffantinople : but about the herelie of Extiches, they fell from his government, and communion with the Grecians, whom they detelt above all other: re-baptizing fuch as convert to their fect. They believe that shere is but one nature in Chrift, not by a commixtion of the divine with the humane, as Eutyches taught, bur by a conjurétion: even as the foul is joyned to the body. They deny the real prefence in the Sacrament, and adminifter it as the Copries do: with whom they agree alfo, concerning Purgatory , and not praying for the dead + as with the Greeks, that the Holy Ghoft proceedeth only from the Fa- ther; and that the dead neither do, nor fhall feel joy or torment until the day of Doom. Their Patriarch hath his being at Tyberss in Perfia: in which countrey they live wealthily, and in good eftimation. There are three hundred Bithops of that Nation. Priefts marry not twice ; eat flefh but fivetimesa year ; and then, left the peoplé fhould think it a fin to eat in regard of their abftinence. They errthat write, thar the people abftain from all meats prohibited by the Mofai.' cal Law ; for Hogs flefh they eat where they can without offence to the AZahometans. They obferve the Lent moft firiétly : yet eat Acfh upon Fridays between Eafter and Whitluntide. As for Images they adore them not. Here they have their aflemblies in obfcure chambers. Comming in ( which was on a Sunday in the after-noon ) we found one fitting in the midit of the congregation, in habit not differing from the reft, reading on a Bible in the Chaldean tongue. Anon the Bifhop en- tred in a hood and veft of black, with a ftaff in his hand; to which they attribu- ted much holinefs. Firft, he prayed, and then fung certain Pfalms, aflifted by two or three; after all fung joyntly, at interims praying to themfelves; refembling the ‘Turks in the pofiture of their bodies, and after proftrations ; the Bifhop excepted ; who erecting his hands, ftood all the while with his faceto the Altar. The Service ended, one after another do kifs his hand, and beftow their alms, he laying the other on their heads, ard bleffing them. Laftly, he prefcribeth fucceeding faft and feftivals. Where is to be noted, that they faft upon the day of the Nativity. of our Sa- viour. Here alfois a Monaftery of Greek Coloievos, belonging unto the capital Mona flery of Saint Katharine of Mount Sinai, from Catro fome eight dayes journey over the defarrs. She is {aid to be the daughter of King Costa, a King of Cyprus, whoin the time of «Maxentins converted many unto Chrift. Tortured on a wheel, and finally beheaded at Alexandria (where two goodly pillars of Theban marble (though half {wallowed with ruins, ) referve the memory of the place, ) fhe was conveyed (as they afhrm ) by an Angel, and buried in this mountain. It hath three tops of a. mar- vellous height : that on the Welt-fide, of old called Mount Horeb, where God ap- peared to eMofes in a buth; fruitful in pafturage, far lower, and fhadowed when the Sun arifeth ro the middle-moft: which is that whereon God gave the Law unto eMofes. The Monaftery ftands at the foot of the mountain, refembling a Gaftle, with an iron door ; wherein they fhew the tombe of the Saint much vifited by Pil- grims, from whence the top by fourteen thowfand. fteps of ftone is afcended, where flands a ruined Chappel. A plentiful {pring defcendeth from thence, and watering the valley below, is.again drunk up by the thirfty fand. This ftrong Monaftery is to en- tertain all Pilgrims, ( for there is no other place of entertainment ) having an annual revenue of 60000 dollars from Chriftian Princes. Of which foundation fix and twenty other depend, difperfed thorow divers countries. They give alfo daily alms tothe efrabs, to be the better fecured from outrage. Yet will they not fuffer them to enter, but let irdownfrom the battlements. Their orchard aboundeth with ex- cellent fruits: amongft which are Apples, rare in thefe countries, transferred from Damafco. They are neither fubje& to Pope nor Patriarch; but have a Super-inten- dent of their own, at this prefent in Caire. Thefe here made us a collation, where I could nor but obferve their gulling in of wine witha dear felicity ; whereof they have their provifion from Candy. Four fetts of Adabometans there were in the time of Lea e4fricanus, inthis Gity s fprung in times paft from four feveral Interpreters of the Alcoran ; who will not eafily — relinquifh their opinions. Yer do they not traduce one another, although they repute each other for heretical. That called Chenefia is the principal; whofe Priefts do feed on Horfe-flcfh. Such horfes as are unfit for fervice, their Caterers do buy, and fat for - their palats. Each {etary is punifhed for tranfgrefligns. againit the rules offtheir Reli- gion by the Judge of that Order,” pe ae 49 Yo 533 " ‘ . During LIBAL. © Pilgrimage to Mecha. Medina. Talnabi. a During our aboad here, a Caravan went forth with much folemnity, tomect and relieve the Great Caravan in their return from Fecha ; which confifteth of many thoufands of Pilgrims that travel yearly thither in devotion and for merchandize ; every one with his ban-roll inhis hand: and. their Camels gallantly trickt, ( the eAlceran carried upon one in a precious cafe covered over with needle-work, and laid on a rich pillow, environed With a number of their chanting Priefts ) guarded by divers companies of fouldiers, and certain field-pieces. Forty eafie dayes journey it isdiftant from hence: divided by a wildernefs of fand, that lyeth in drifts, and dangerowfly moveth with the wind : thorow which they are guided in many places by ftars, as fhips in the Ocean. Now within three dayes journey _ they afcend a mountain (the fame, they fay, where Abraham would have facrifi- ced Jfaac. ) Here facrifice they a number of theep: and {tripping themfelves, wrapt onely in a mantle withour knot or hem, proceed unto «Mecha. Where is 2 little Chappel ( within a goodly Mofque ) about eight yards {quare: the caufe of this devotion, ( towards which, when they pray, wherefoever they be, they do return their faces ) built, as they affirm, by Abraham : within,it is hung with crimfon fattin, and vefted about with a richer ftuff, fent thither yearly by the Emperour, (as ro that of eAMedina, Talnaby, ) provided at Cairo, the * Emer of e Mecha having the old for *4 Gye, his fee. The Camels that bring them, are from thence-forth freed from burthens. sour of But a fight ic is no lefs ftrange than ridiculous, to behold the honour they do unto 49rd. the Camel at his return unto Conftantinople, that fupported their Alcoran, (as at Cairo in fome fort to that that carried the veftures ) crowding about him, as led through the ftreets + fome pulling of his hairs, and preferving them as reliques ; fome kiffing, others with his {weat befmearing their eyes and faces: and cutting him at length into little gobbets., give thereof to eat unto their friends and fa- ‘miliars, Many of the Pilgrims by poaring on hot bricks, do voluntarily perifh their “faghts; as deliring to fee nothing prophane, after fo facred a fpe€tacle. He that at his return giveth over the world, and himfelf to contemplation, is efteemed as 4 Saint ; all are called * Hadges; and fo call they their Camels ; hanying as many little * 4 word chains about their fore-legs , as they have been times there. In that City of Adecha, importing fome fay, their falfe prophet was born ; but erroneoufly. Seated it is ina pleafant fojl, ’a#me/s. but environed with defarts and hills ; having no water but what proceedeth from one Spring, which they fay, was fhewed by an Angel unto Hagar ; and almoft miraculous at isthat it fhould fuffice fuch a multitude of people and cattel. A place of principal traffick ; not only by the means of the Jndian Caravans, which thither yearly repair with their commodities ; but of the countrey adjoyning, whofe precious productions have inftiled it happy. | : ln Coftus,eAimomum, ft dives Amomo, a as | And* Cintamon, rich let Panchaiabe: ~~ Sa | nar is ak ligne 2 gs - A . ra ferat Hore:que alios Panchaica tellus : Bear’t incenfe and rare flewers, fo it bear thee, . Dum feret & myrrham. Ovid. Met.].104 OM yrrhe— * Now no Cinnamon grows in Arabia, Into which the Poets feign that the inceftuous Lady was converted, Who though fhe loft fenfe with her form, yet fhe Bt quamquam amifit veteres cum corpore fenfixe Weep 5 fill; and warm drop 5 fall from the fa dtrees Flee tamen, & tepid manant ex arbore gutte, T, Sots i hich } : Eft honor iy lachrymis, flilla atque cortice Myrrha ears of LO UALKC, Which retain as ye Nomen herile tenet, nulloque tacebitur zvo. Their Mijiris name whom no Age fhall forget. Idem. ‘The Chriftian dyeth that approacheth this place within five miles compafs. After fourteen dayes they return unto the aforefaid mountain 3 2 parc of them parting from the reft, going out of the way.to A4edina Talnabi, which is by interpretation, The city of the Prophet ; famous for concourfe of people ; though ina barren:countrey; {carce two dayes journey from Mecha. Where ina little Chappel lightned with three thou- fand lamps that rhere burn perpetually, lie AZabomert Omer, and Haly ; in fimple rombs of the ancient fafhion, cutout likelozenges. That of A¢ahomet (not hanging in the air, as reported ) is covered with green, having onthe ropa * Carbuncle as big as an egg, which yields a marvellous lufire. Thefe meet again with the reft of the Caravan at the place appointed. ee | | _. Bur to digrefs.no farther. Than Care no City can be more populous, nor bet- ter ferved with all forts of proyilion. Here hatch they eggs by artificial heat in : K infinite Their courfe of life in Cairo. LIB. If, infinite numbers 3 the manner as feen thus briefly. In a narrow entry on each fide ftood two rows of ovens, one over another. On the floors of the lower, they lay the offels of fax; over thofe mats, and upon theireggs ; at leaft fix thoufand in an oven. The floors of the upper ovens were as roofs to the under: grated over like kilns, onely having tunnels in the middle, with covers unto them. Thele gratings are covered with mats, onthem, three inches thick, lyeth the dry and pulverated dung of Camels, Buffoloes, &c. At the higher and farther fides of thofe upper ovens, are trenches of lome; a handful deep, and two handfuls broad. In thefe they burn of the fore-faid dung, which giveth a {mothering heat, without vifible fire. Under the mouths of the upper ovens are ‘conveyances for fmoak : having round roofs, and vents at the top to fhut and to open. Thus lie the eggs inthe lower ovens for the {pace of eight dayes : turned daily, and carefully lookt to, thai the heat be but moderate. Then cull they the bad from the good, by that time diftinguifhable (hold- ing them between a lamp and the eye ) which are two parts of the three for the moft part. Two dayes after they put out the fire, and convey by the paflage in the mid- dle, the one half into che upper ovens ¢ then fhurting all clofe, they ler them alone for ten dayes longer s at which time they become difclofed inaninftant. This they pradtife from the beginning of January until the midft of June, the eggs being then mitt fit for that purpofe, neither are they (as reported ) prejudiced by thunder + yet thefe declare that intimated Nature will never be equalled ; all of them being in fome part defective or monftrous : Moft of the inhabitants of €azro confifts of merchants and artificers ¢ yet the mer= chants frequent no foreign marts. All of a trade keep their fhops in one place, which they fhut about the hour of five, and folace themfeives for the reft of the day, cooks - excepted, who keep theits open till late in the evening, For few but fuch as have great families drefs meat in their houfes, which the men do buy ready dreft, the women too fine-fingered to meddle with houlwifry, who ride abroad upon pleafure oneafie-going Affes, and tyet heir husbands co the benevolence thar is due; which, _if negle€ted, they will complain to the magiftrate, and procure a divorcement. Many practitioners here are in Phyfick, invited thereunto by the ftore of fimples brought hither, and here growing: an art wherein the Egypteans have excelled from the beginning. Talia Jovis filia habebat pharmiaca utilid Such Helens potion was ; 4 friend to life as que ul: Be ser eee et tixof Egyptian Polydananae’s gifts, Theons wifes | gyptica, que plurima producit fertilia verra ' ; Pharmaca; plurima quidem falubria mixta, multa letbalia. That fi a i ie ’ yes drugs produce, Medicus vero unufquifque peritus fupra omnes a ih 4 fei i t ft ul, fit : seid oie > are Phyficians, expert above all : Hemines : fane enim Peionis {unt ex generatione. ~ “Hom. Ody. L. 4. eAnd fercht from Paton their original. ‘A kind of Rue is here, much in requeft, wherewith they perfume themfelves ‘in the mornings ; not only a prefervative againft infeétion, bur eiteeming it prevalent againft huriful {pirits.. So the Barbarians of old accuftomed to do withthe roots of wild Galingal. There are in this City, #id have been of long, a fort of people that do get their livings by fhewing of feats with birds and beafts, exceeding therein all fuch a¢ have been famous amongft us: I have heard a Raven {peak fo perfectly, as hathiama- zed me. They ufe both their throats and tongues in uttering of founds, which other birds do not: and therefore more fit tor that purpofe. Sealiger the father, reports of one that was kept in a monaftery hard by him ; which» when hungry, would. call upon Conrade the cook, fo plainly: as often miftaken for aman. I have feen them make both dogs and goats to fet their four feeton a little turned pillar of wood about a foot high, and no broader at the end thana palm of ahands climing from one to two, fet onthe top of one another ; and fo to the third and fourth , and there turn about as often as their mafters would bid them. They carry alfe dancing Camels about, taught when young, by fetting them onthe hot hearth, and playing all the while on apinftroment, the poor beaft through the extremity of hear, lifting up his feet one after another. This praétife they for certain months rogether: forhar at length whenfoever he heareth the fiddle, he will falladancing. Affes they will teack. todo fuch tricks, as if poffeffed with reafon: to whom Banks his horfe would have proved but a Zany. The time of our departure prorogued,we rode to e7atarea , five miles North-eaft ofthe City. By the way we faw fand caft upon the earth, to moderate the fertility. : is a ee a ic mem Ei LIB. Matared. The Pyramides. 96 Here they fay, that our Saviour, and the bleffed Virgin, with Fofepb, repoled thefiid felves, as they Hed from the fury of Hered ; when oppreffed with thirft, a fountain forth-with burft forth at their feet to refreth them. We fawa well environed with 2 . poor mud wall, the water drawn up by * Buffolo’s into a little ciftern, from whence* Salauis it fan into a Laver of marble within a {mall Chappel, by the Adoors (in contempt of! *m Chriftians ) fpirefully defiled. In the wall there isa little concave lined with fect °*S * wood (diminihed by affcCtors of reliques) and {fmoaked with incenfe : in the fole, Sport (as be Stone of Porphyrie, whereon (they fay) fhe did fet our Saviour. Of fo many thoufand (aith hime wells ( a thing moft miraculous ) this onely affordeth guftable waters ¢ and that fo,Jelf fecing excellent, thar the Bafa refufeth the River to drink thereof, and drinks of no others ##) #44° _ and when they ceafe for any time to exhauft ir, ic fendeth forth of it felf fo plentiful sohine ftream, as able to turn an over-fall mill. Pafling through the Ghappel,. ir watereth a goon until pleafant orchard in a corner whereof there ftandeth an over-grown fig-tree, which sfonday | opened (as they report) to receive our Saviour and his Mother, then hardly efcaping morning | the purfuers ; clofing again till the purfuit was paft ; then again dividing, as now peas | remaineth. A large hole there is thorow one of the fides of the leaning bulk , this. nce ( they fay ) no baftard can thred, but fhall flick faft by the middle. The tree is all drawing to be hackt for the wood thereof, reputed of fovereign virtue. But I abufe my time, #p of wa- and provoke my Reader. In an inclofure adjoyning, they fhewed usa plant of Balm; ter, though the whole remainder of that {tore which this orchard produced; deftroyed by the #’g¢4 wish Turks, or envy of the Fews, as by the other reported ,; being tranfported our of?" . Fury, in the dayes of Herod the Great, by the commandement of Antonius, at the tuit of Cleopatra, but othersfay, brought hither out of sdrabia Felix, at the coaft of a Saracen Sultan. sting When high Pyramides do grace Quum Prolemzorum manes {eriemque pudendag The Ghojts of Prolemies lewdraces Pyramides claudant, | hifen and by what thall be faid hereafter, moft mianifelt it-is that thefe, as therelt, were the regal fepulchres of the Egyptians. The greateft of the three, and chief of the worlds feven wonders, being fquare at the bottom, is fuppofed to take up eight acres of ground; Every fquare being 300 fingle paces in length, the fquare at the top, ; K 2 confifting 100 Lhe Pyramides. LIB. I. conhifting of three ftonés only, yet large enough ‘for three-fcore to ftand upon af | cended by two hundred fifty five fteps, each ftept above three feet high, of a breadih proportionable. No ftone fo little throughout the whole, as to bedrawn by our carriages : yet were thefe hewn out of the Trojan mountains far off ineArabia; fo called of captive Trojans brought. by eZenelaus unto Egypt, and there afterward planted. A wonder how conveyed hither: kow fo mounted, a greater. Twenty, =4G = Baia d. eit | eta years was it building ; by three hundred threé-feore and fix thoufand men’ éontiz nually wrought upon: who onely in Radithes, ‘Garlick, and Onions, are {aid to have confumed one thoufand and eight hundred talents: By thefe-and the like inven- tions exhaufted they their treafure, and imployed the people , for fear left fuch infinite Wealth fhould corrupt their fucceffors, and dangerous ‘idlenefs beget in the Subje@ a defire of innovation. Befides, they confidering the frailry of man, “that in an inftant buds, blows, and withereth , did endeavour by-fuch fumptuous and pec re ftru€tures, in fpite of death to give unto theif fames eternitye But vainly ¢ ALi. na Nam fieqde Pyramidum fuitipttis ad Sydera du€ti; Mot fumptuons Pyramids to skies up-rear'd ' Nec Jovis Elzi coclum imitata domus, Nor Elean Foves prond Fane; which heaven compeer'd, Nec Maufolei dives fartuna fepulchri, ; Mortis ab extrema conditione vacant : Nor the righ f fe ni Sched of Maufo lus tombe, Aut illis famma, aut imber fubducet honores; Are priviledg’d fr rom deaths extremeft dome’: Annorum aut iu pendere vidlaruent, Or fire, or worms, their glories'do'abate, Propett, ], 3» Eleg. 3. Or they, age-(haken, fall with their own weight Yet this hath been too great 4 morfel for time to devour ;' havirig food, as may be probably conje€tured, about three thoufand and two hundred’ years :’ and now rather old than ruinous: yer the North-fide is moft worn,: by reafon of the humi- diry of the Northern wind, which is here the moyfteft. The top at length we afcend= ed, with many paufes and much difficulty ; from whence, with’ delighted’ eyes, we beheld that fovereign of ftreams, and moft excellent of countries. South-ward and near-hand the efummes : a-far off divers huge Pyramides ; each’ of which, were ‘this away, might fupply the repute of a wonder. During a grear-part of the day, it cafterty no fhadow onthe earth, but is at once illuminated on all fides. Defcending again, on the Eaft-fide below, from each corner’ equally diftant, we approached’the en- trance, feeming heretofore tohave been clofed up,-or fo inrended, both by the place it felf, as appeareth, by the following pi&ture, ‘and: conveyances within. Into this our Fanizaries difcharged ‘their harquebufhes; ‘left fome fhould have skulke within £0 Lip, It, Woe Pyramidess toi ze ila ul ug gh dg gd li ig 1M mn Imm jl fi | su UAT Sl ji DCE iii ul ii LE, MUA AHL j HH {iil = HT eae to'flave done us amifchief+ aid guarded the mouth whilft we enred, for fear of a wild ed7abs. To take the better footing; we put off our thoes, and moft of our ap parel : fore-told’ of the hear within nor infertour to a ftove. Our guide ( a Afoor :) went foremoft? every one of us with our lights in our. hands. A moft dreadful pafl- fage, and no lefs cumberfome ; not above a yard in breadth, and four feet in height , each ftone containing that meafure. SotHat alwaies {tooping, and fometimes creep- ing, by reafon of the rubbidge, we defcended ( not by ftairs, but as down the fteep of a hill) a hundred feet : “where the place for a little circuit enlarged: and the fearful defcend continued, which they fay none ever durft attempt any farther, Saye. that a Baffa of Cairo, curious co fearch into the fecrets thereof, caufed divers condem- ned perfons to undertake the performance, well ftored with lights; and other provi- fion : and that fome'of them afcended again well-nigh thirty miles off in the Defarts< “A fable devifed only to beget’ wonder, “But others bave written, that at the bortom rhere is a {pacious pit, eighty and fix cubits deep, filled at the over-flow by conceal- ed conduits: in the midft’a lircle and, and: on that a’ comb containing the body of Cheops, a King of Egypt, and the builder of this Pyramis >’ which with the truth hath a greater affinity. “For fince Thave been told by one out of his own experience, that in the uppermoft depth there is a large fquare place’ ( though withour water ) into which he was “led “by ‘another entry opening to the South, known but unto few (that now open, being fhut by fonte order ) and entred de this place where we | feared to defcend. A turning. on the right hand leadeth into a little toom : which by. reafon of the noyfome’ favour and .uneafie paffage, we refus’d to enter. Clambering over the mouth of the aforefaid dungeon, we afcended as upon the bow of anarch, the way no larger than the former, about an hundyed and twenty fect. va K 3 Here ? = = The Pyramides. Zhe Coloffus. | LIB... I: Here we paffed thorow a long entry, which led dire@ly forward: fo low, that it rook even from us that un-ealie benefit of ftocping. Which brought us into a little room with a compaét roof, more long than broad, of polifhed marble: whofe: prave-like fell, ha.f full of rubbidge, forced our quick return. Climing alfo, over this entiance, we afcended as before, about an hundred and twenty feet higher. This entry was of an exceeding height, yer no broader from fide to fide than a man may fathome, benched on each fide, and clofed above with admirable architedture < the marble fo g:eat, and fo cunningly joyned, as it had been hewn thurow the living rock. At the top we entred into a goodly chamber, twenty foot wide, and forty in length: the roof of a marvellous height ; andthe flones fo great, that eight floors it,eight roofs it; eight fag the ends,and fixteen the fides ; all of well-wrought Thebare marble, A’thwart the room at the upper end there ftlandeth a comb ; un-covered, empty, and all of one ftone = breft high, feven feet in length, not four in breadth, and founding like a bell. In this (no doubt ) lay the body of the builder. They erc&ting fuch coftly monuments, not onely out of a vain oftentation: but being of opinion, that after the diffolution of the flefh the foul fhould furvive; and when ‘thirty fix thoufand years were expired, again be joyned unto the felf-fame body re- ftored unto his former condition: gathered in their conceipts from Aftronomical demonftrations. Again{ft one end of the-tomb, and clofe to the wall, there open- eth a pit with alongand narrow mouth: which Jeadeth into an underchamber. In the walls on each fide of the upper room there are two holes, one oppofite to ano- ther; their ends not difcernable, nor big enough to be crept into: footy within, and made asthey fay, by a flame of fre which darted thorowit. This is all that this huge mafs containeth within his darkfome entrails: all, acleaftro be difcovered. Herodotus reports that King Cheops became fo poor by the building thereof, that he was compelled to proftiture his daughter ; charging her to take whatfoever fhe could get: who affecting her particular glory, of her feveral cuftomers demanded feveral dtones, with which fhe ereéted the fecond Pyramis : far lefs than the former, {mooth without ; and not to be entred. The third which ftandeth on the higher ground, is very {mall, if compared withthe other, yet faith both Herodotus and Stabo, greater in beauty, and of no lefs coft ; being all built of tonch-ftone ; difficult to be wrought, and brought from the farthelt £rhiopian mountains. But furely not fo; yet intended they to have covered it with Theban marble; whereof a great quantity lieth by it. Made it was by eA/ycerinus the fon of Cheops: fome fay, by a Curtizan of Naueretis called Dorica by Sappho the Poeirefs,and beloved of her brother Caraxus;who fraught with wines, oft failed hither from Lesvos.Others name Rhodope another of that trade ; at the firft, fellow-flave. with Nig, Hite Leto, Returning by the way that we came, and having re-pals'd the WNilus, we inclined on the right hand to fee the ruines of the‘old'Ciry adjoyning to the South of Cairo, called formerly Babylon; of certain Babylonians chere faffered to inhabit by the anci- ent €gyptiat Kings, who built a Caftle’ im the felf-fame place where that now ftand- eth, defcribed before : which was long’after the garrifon town of one of the three Legions, fet to defend this countrey in the time of the Komans. -It-anciently gave the name of Babylon unto this Gity below; now called A4i/rulbetick by the Arabians: {aid to have been built by Omar the fucceffor unto AZahomer ; but furely rather re-edified by him than founded ; having had in it fuch ftore of Chriftian Churches; as is teftifi- ed by their ruines. We pafs'd by a mighty-Ciftern clofed within a Tower, and ftand- ing upon an in-let of the River: built, as they here fay,’ at the charge of the Fews, to appeafe the anger of the King ; incenfed by them againit the innocent Chriftians , who by the removing of 4 mountain, ( the’ task impofed upon their faith ) converted. him unto their Religion, and his difpleafure upon their accufers. This ferveth the Gaftle with water ;-running along an aquaduét born upon 300 Arches. ‘The ruines of the City are great; fo were the buildings : amongft which, many of @hriftian Mo- Nafteries and Temples; one Jately ( the laft that fteod ) thrown down by this Bafa (as they fay ) for that it hindred his profpeét, if fo, he furely would not have gi- ven leave unto the Patriarch to re-build it : for which he was fpitefully fpoken’ of by the Afcors, as a fufpeéted favourer of the Chriftian Religion; who fubverted forth-with what he had begun. Whereupon the worthy €yri/ made a voyage unto Conffantinople, to procure the Grand Signiors Commandement for the fupport of his purpofe> when by the Greeks there, not altogether with his will, he was chofen their Patriarch: but within a fhort {pace difplanted Cas the manner 13 ) aur Oe a bribery 7060 Csi( SS Begyptian Babylon. Hangia. LIB, I. bribery of another, he returned unto Cairo. Befides here isa little Chappel dedicated to our Lady: underneath ita Groat ; in which it is faidthat the hid her felf when purfued by Herod. Much frequented it is by the Chriftians, asis the tomb.of WVafiffe ( here being ) by the eAabomerans. She leaving Cufa a city of e4rabiathe Happy, here feated her felf : and for that {he was of the bloud of their Prophet, and of life un- reprovable, after her death they canonized her for a Saint; . and built over her body z {umpruous fepulchre ¢ unto which all ftrangers repaired, honouring it with their de- votions, and enriching it with their gifts ; amounting to an hundred thoufand Shariffs one yedt with another: diftribured amongft the poor kindred of AZabomet, and a« mongft the Priefts that had the charge of the fepulchre ; who by divulging forged mi- racles, increafed the number of her Voraries. But Selymus fubduing Egypt, the tomb was defaced, and ranfackt by his Fa#izaries who befides the ornaments of gold and filver,took from thence in Shariffs above five millions. Bur the Chriftians fay,that this Nafif[* was an unfatiable harlot ; who out of colour (and that for AZahomets fake ) to convert the un-natural lufts of the people, did proftitute her felf to all commers. The few inhabitants that here be, are Greeks and Armemans. Here we faw certain great Seraglio's, exceeding high, and propt up by buttreffes. Thefe they call the Granaries of Fofeph : wherein he hoarded corn in the years of plenty again{t the fucceeding famines In all there be feven, three ftanding, and employed to the very fame ufe : the other ru- ined. From thence up the River for twenty miles fpace there is nothing but ruines: Thus with the day we ended our progtefs. Upon the fourth of March we departed from Cazra, in the habit of Pilgrims; four of us Englifh, conforted with three Italians : of whom one was a Prie{t, and another z Phyfician. For our felves we hired three Camels, with their keepers; two to-carry us, and the third for our provifion. The prize we fhall know at.Gaza, upon the dividing of the great Garavan, anfwerable to the fuccefs of the Journey. We alfo hired a Cop- siefor half a dollar a day, to be our Interpreter, and to attend on us. Our provifion for fo long a voyage we bore along with us, viz. Bisket, Rice, Raifins, Figs, Dates.) Almonds, Olives, Oil ,Sherbets,3c.. buying pewter, brafs, and fuch like implements, as if to fet up howfe-keeping. Our water we carried in goat-skins. We rid in fhallow, cradles ( which we bought alfo ) two on a Camel: harboured above, and covered with linnen: to us exceeding un-eafie ; not fo to the people of thefe countreys, wha fit crofs-leg’d with a natural facility. That night we pitched by Hangia, fome four- teen miles from the City. In the evening came the Captain: a Turk well mounted,’ and attended on. Here we itayed the next day following, for the gathering together. of the Caravan ; paying four Madeins a Camel unto them of the village. Thefe (as thofe elfe-where ) do nightly guard, as making good whatfoever is {tolne. Ever and anon one crying Wafhed, is anfwered Elengh by another ( joyntly fignifying one only God:) which pafling about the Garzvan,doth affure them that all is in fafety. Among us were divers Fewi{h women ; in the extremity of their age under-taking fo weariforn a journey, only to die at Ferufalem ; bearing along with them the bones of their pa- rents, husbands, children, and kinsfolk ;,as they do from all other parts. where they can conveniently. The merchants brought with them many Negroes s not the worlt of their merchandizes. Thefe they buy of their parents, fome thirty dayes journey above, and on the Welt fide of the River. As the wealth of others confifts in multi- tudes of cattel ; fo theirs inthe multitude of their children: whom they part from with as little paflion ; never after to be feen or heard of: regarding more the price than the condition of their flavery, who are defcended of Chus, fon of curfed Cham, as are all of chat complexion. Not fo by reafon of their feed, nor heat of the climate = the one confuted by -4réftotle, the other by experience, in thar countreyes as hot pro- duce of a different colour, and colder by thirty degrees have done of the fame; ( for Alexander in his expedition into the Eaft, encountred black-men: and fuch jwas Memon the fon of the Morning =-Nigrition lla parentem Black Memnos mother fhe ne’ve fober faw nonis in rofeis fobria vidit equis, When rofie freeds her day-bright.chartot dray. Ovid. Am. 1,c. El. 8 fo feigned to be in that he reigned in the Eaft; who came to the warrs of Troy from Sufis aGity of Perfias ) Nor of the foil, as fome have fuppofed ; for neither haply, will other ae in that foy! prove black, nor that race in other foils grow to better complexion : but rather from the curfe of Noe upon Cham in the pofterity of Chis who inhabited a part of AZe/opotamia,watered by Gihea a river of Paradife, and one et Eng eee LIB. A. Bilbefb. Catara. Salbia. Bayrenas ' = = tow the branches of Gupbrates. Driven from thence, they planted themfelves in Ethiopia thereupon called alfo Chws. Perhaps the occafion of that error in the Tranflations, of Genefis ; which interpret Chus for Erbiopia,and Gihon for Nils; diftant above a thou- fand times from Eden. A circuit without queftion too {pacious for a Garden. About ten of the clock in the night the Caravan diflodged : and at feven the next morning pitched at Bilbefh, which is in the land of Gojhen. Paying two Madeins for a Camel, at mid-night we departed from thence. Our companions had their cra- dies ftruck down through the negligence of the Camellers: which accident caft us behind the Caravan. In danger to have been furprized by the Pefants, we were by a Spabie that followed, delivered from that mifchief. About nine in the forenoon _ we pitched by Catara: where we payed four Madeins for a@amel. Hereabout, but nearer the JVile, there isa certain tree called Alchan by thee Arabs : the leaves there- of being dried, and reduced into powder, do die reddifh yellow. There is yearly {pent of this thorow the Turkifh Empire, to the value of four-{core thoufand Sultanies. The women with it do dye their hair and nails: fome of them their hands and feet ; and not afew, the moft of their bodies tempered only witk gumm, and laid on in the Banma, that it may penetrate the deeper. The Ghriftians of Bofna, Valachia, and Ruffia , do ufe it as wellas the Aahometans. Trees alfo here Be that do bring forth cottons. The next morning before day we removed, and came by nine of the clock to Salhia, where we overtook the reft of the Caravan: all Chri- ftians of thofe countreyes riding upon Mules and Affes: They had procured leave ro fer forward a day before ; defirous to arrive by Palm-Sunday at Fernfa- Jem , ( this Caravan ftaying ten dayes longer than accuitomed, becaufe of certain principal Merchants ) but they durft not by themfelves venture over the main Defarts : which all this while we had trented along, and now were to pafS thorow. : : A little beneath is the lake Sirbonis 5 called by the old Egyptians, The place of Ty4 phous expiration, now Bayrena, dividing Egypt from Syria. A place to fuch as knew it not, in thofe times full of un-expeéted danger. Then two hundred furlongs long being but narrow, and bordered on each fide with hills of fand, which born ito the _ water by the winds fo thickned the fame, as not by the eye to be diftinguished from a part of the Continent: by means whereof whole armies have been devoured. For the fands neer hand feeming firm, a good way entred flid farther off, and left no way of returning, but with a lingring cruelty {wallowed the ingaged : whereupon it was called Barathrum. Now but a little lake, and waxing lefs daily : the paflage long fince choaked up which it had intothe Sea. Clofe to this ftandeth the mountain Cajfiins, (no other than a huge mole of {and ) famous for the Temple of Fupiter, and fepulchre of Pompey : there obicurely buried by the piety of a private fouldier : upon whom he is made by Lucan to beftow this Epitaph. Great Pompey here doth lie; fo Fortune pleas'd ‘Hie fitas eft maguus; placet hoc forttina fepulchrumi | —Toinftile this Stone; whom Cafars felf would have Dicere Pompet # sup ae maluit ium Interr’d before he [nould have mift a grave. SA Shs CANS Cree Who loft his head not far from thence by the treachery and commandment. of the ungrateful Prolemy. His tombe was fumptuoully re-edified by the Emperour Adrian. North hereof lies Idumea, between e4rabia and the mid-land fea, excending to Fudan: called Edom in the Scriptures, of E/an, aname which was given him in regard of his colour, which fignifieth Red in the Hebrew. Afterward called Idumea of the Idume- ans a people of edrabia the Happy ; who in a mutiny quitting their country; did plant themfelves here; incorporating with the Hebrews ( of whom originally defcend- ed) and obferving their ceremonies, : Idumea rich in Palmes, A arbufto Palmarum dives Iduntes; f Lucan. i as heretofore with Balfamum, and indifferent fruitful towards the fea. Difficult to be fubdued, by reafon of the bordering defarts and penury of waters, yet have they many wells, but hid, and only known to the inhabitants : who are now fubjeét to the Turks; and differ in life and cuftomes not much from the e4rabians. The Subaffee of Salbia invited himfelf to our tent; who feeding on fuch provi- fion as we had, would in conclufion have fed upon us ; had not ovr commande- gent ( which Rood usin four Sharifs ) from the Baffa of Cairo, and the favour a the _ Idumea, Arabia Petrad. LIB. tl. the Captain by means of our Phyfician proteéted us ; otherwile, right or wrong had been but a filly plea to barbarous covetoufnels armed with power. We feven were _ all the Franks that were in the company , we heard how he had ferved others, and ree joyced not a little in being thus fortified againft him. The whole Caravan being now . affembled, confifts of a thoufand horfes, mules, and affes ; and of five hundred camels. Thefe are the fhips of Arabia, their feas are the defarts. A creature created for bur- then. Six hundred weight is his ordinary load , yet will he carry a thoufand. When in lading or unlading he lies on his belly ; and will rife Casit is faid ) when laden proportionably to his trength; nor fuffer more tobe laid on him. Four days roge- ther he will well travel without water ; fora neceflity fourteen; in his often belch- ing thrufting up a bladder, wherewith he moyfteneth his mouth and throat. When they travel, they cram them with barly dough, Theyare, as fomefay, the one- ly that ingender backward. ‘Ibeir pace is flow, and intolerable hard, being withal nn-fare of foot were it never fo little flippery or un-even, They are not made to. amend their paces when weary. A beaft gentle and traétable, but in the time of his venery =: then,as if remembring his former hard ufage,he will bite his keeper, throw him down, and kick him : forty dayes continuing in that fury, and then returning to his former meeknefs. About their necks they hang certain charms inclufed in leather,and writ by their Dervifes; to. defend them from mifchance, and the poifon ofill eyes. Here we paid five Madeins for a Camel. ea Having with two days reft refrefhed them, now to begin the worft of their ‘Journey, on the tenth of March we entred the main defarts: a part of Arabia Pe- zreas {fo called of Petra the principal Gity, now Rathalalah. On the North and. ‘Welt it borders on Syria and Egypt 3 Southwards. on Arabia Felix, and the Red fea; and on the Eaft it hath Arabia the defart. A barren and defolate countrey bear- ing neither grafs nor trees, faving only here and there a few Palms, which will not forfake thele forfaken places: That little that grows on the earth, is wild hyfop, whereupon they do»pafture their camels ; a creature content with little, whofe milk and flefh is their principal fuftenance. They have no water that is fweet ; all being’ ameer wildernefs of fand: the winds having raifed high mountains, which lye in drifts, according tothe quarters from whence they blow. Abour mid-night ( the fouldiers being in the head of the Caravan) thefe e4rabs affailed our rear. The cla- - mour was great; and the paflengers, together with their leaders, fled from their camels. I and my companion imagining the noife to be onely an encouragement unto one another, were left alone ; yet preferved from violence. They carried away with them divers mules and affes laden with drugs, and abandoned by their own- ers, not daring to {tay too long, nor cumber themfelves with toomuch luggage, for fear of the fouldiers. Thefe are defcended of J{hmael; called alfo Saracen ot Sara, which fignifieth a Defart, and faken, to inhabit. And not onely of the place, but of the manner of their lives ; for Sarack, imports as much asa thief: as now, being given fromthe beginning unto theft and rapine. They dwell in tents, whiche they remove like walking Cities, for opportunity of prey, and benefit of pafturage. ‘They acknowledge no Sovereign : not worth the conquering, nor can they be con- quered; retiring ro places impaflable for armies, by reafon of the rolling fands, and penury of all things. A nation from the beginning unmixed with others: _boaft- ing of their nobility, and at this day hating all mechanical f{cience. They hang, about the skirts of the habitable countreys, and having robbed, retire with a mara; vellous celerity. Thofe that are not detefted perfons, frequent the neighbouring vil-. lages for provifion: and traffick without moleftation ; they not daring to intreag., them evilly. They are of mean ftatures, raw-bone, tawny, having feminine voi- ces : of a {wift and noife-lefs paces. behind you, e’re aware of them. Their Religionis, Mahometanifm ; glorying in that the Impoftor was their countrey-man; their lan-_ guage extending as far as that religion extendeth. They ride on {wift horfes ( nor mithapen, though lean, and patient of labour. They feed them twice a day with, the milk of camels s nor are they efteemed of, if not of fufficient {peed to overtake an oftridge. Of thofe there are ftore in thedefarts. They keep in flocks , and oft affright the ftranger paffenger with their fearful skreeches, appearing < far off like a troop of horf-men. Their bodies aretoo heavy to be fupported with their wings 3 which ufelefs for flight, do ferve them onely to run the more fpeedily. They are the fimpleft of fowls, and fymbols of folly, what they find they {wallow, though without delight, even {tones and iron, When they have laid their eggs not lefs gteat than the bullet of a Gulverin ( whereof there are great numbers to be fold in LIB, H.. Catie. Arifa. Haniones. in Cairo) they. leave them; and un-mindful where : fit on thofe they next meet with. The eArabs catch the young ones, running apace as foon as -difclofed ; and when Fatted,do eat them : fodo they fome part ofthe old, and fell their skins with the feathers uponthem. They tide alfo on Dromedaries ; like in fhape, but Jefs than a Camel, of .a Jumping-gate, and incredible {peed.. They will carry aman ( yet unfit for burtheh ) an hundred milesa day; living withour water, and with litrle food fatisied. If one of thefe e4rabiazs undertake your conduét, he will perform it faithfully : neither will any ‘of the Nation moleft you, They will lead you by un- knowel nearer wayes ; and farther infourdayes, than you can travel by Caravan in fourteen. Their weapons are bows, darts, flings, and long javelings, headed like par- tifans. Asthe Turks fit crofs-legged; fo dothey on their heels: differing little in habit from the ruftick Egyptians. About break of day we pitched by two wells of brackifh water, called, The wells ot Diedar. Hither followed the Subaffee of Salbia; with the Fews which we left behind : who would not trayell the day before, in that it was their Sabbath. Their _ fuperftirion had put them to much trouble and charges: as of late at Tumis it did to fome pain. For afort of them being to imbatk for Salomica, the wind coming fair onthe Sunday, and the mafter then hoifing failes ; loth to infringe their law, and as loth tolofe the benefit of that paflage : to cozen their confciences, they hired certain Fanizaries to force them aboard; who took their money, and made a jeft of beating them in earneft. At three of the clock we departed from thence, and an hour before midenight pitched by the Caftle of cate, about which there is nothing vegetive, but'a few folitary Palmes. The water here is bad, infomuch. that that which the Captain drinks, is bronght from Tiva, a fea-bordering town, and twelve miles diftant. Threefcore fouldiers lie here in garrifon. We paida piece of gold for every Gamel, and half a dollara piece for Horfes, Mules, and Affes, tothe Captain, befides five Madeins a Camel to the -drabs. It feemeth ftrange to me, how thefe Merchants can get by their wares fo far-fetcht, and travelling thorough fuch a number of expences Thethirteenth fpent in paying of Caphar, on the four- teenth of March by five of the clock we departed, and refted about noon by the Wells of Slaves. Hither followed the Governour of Catie, accompanied with twenty, horfe ; and pitched his tent befide us, The reafon why he came with fo flight a con- ud, thorough a paflage fo dangerous, (for there, not long before; a Caravan of three undred Camels had been born away by the e4rabs) was for that he was in fee with he chief of them: who upon the payment ot a certain tax; fecured both goods tand paffengers. Of thefe there were divers in the company. Before mid-night we diflodged, and by fix the next morning we pitched by another Well of brackifh water, called, The Well of the mother of Aja. Inthe afternoon we departed. As we went, one would have thought the fea to have been hardly, and to have remo- ved upon his apptoaches, by reafon of the gliftering Nitre. And no doubt, but much of thefe defarts have in times paft been fea; manifefted by the faltnefs of the foil, and fhells that lie on the fand in infinite numbers. The next morning by five of the clock we came to Aviffa: a Gaftle, environed with a few houfes: the garrifon con- fifting of a hundred fouldiers.. This place is fomething better then defart ; two miles removed from the Sea, and bleft with good water. Here we paid two Madeins for a Camel, and half as much for our Affes ; two of them for the mo# part rated unto one of the other. On rhe fevenreenth of March. we diffodged betimes in the mor- ning, refting about noon by the Wells of Fear ; the earth here looking green, yet wafte, and un-husbanded. Inthe evening we departed. Having pafled in the night by the @aftle Hanianes, by break of day they followed us to gather their Caphar $ being three Madeins upon every Camel. The Countrey from that place pleafant, and indifferent fruitfull. By feven of the clock we pitched clofe under the City of Garde é FINIS LIBRI SECUNDL | THE £1 Ce 3 are j* ak <- $a - ee 2 2S Fes met SST — ae THE THIRD BOOK. pg OW ate we inthe Holy Land; confined oft the North with the mountains of Libanus, and a part of Phemcia: onthe Eaft ic hath Ceelofyria, and Arabia Petraa : onthe South the {ame together with Jdumea, the Welt is bounded, a part with Phenicia, and the refk with the Mid-land Sea. Diftant from the line one and thirty degrees ; extending unto thirty three, and fomething. upward. So that in length from Daz (the fame with - Cafarea Philippi ) unto Beerfheba ( now Gr- B dvelin ) it containeth not more than 14° “miles ; where -broadeft, not fifty. A land that flowed: with milk and honey : in the : < ® midftas it were, of the habitable world, and under a temperate clime : adorned with beautiful mountains, and luxurious valleys ; 2 Sam, 24. the rocks producing excellent waters ; and.nopart empty of delight or profit. Having Ie at once fuftained of her own thirteen hundred thoufand fighting men, (what then inall, ‘esand un-husbanded. Running a great way farther, with many windings, as it Were eth no living creature; ot for his heavy waters, hardly to be moved by the winds. So extream {alr, that whatfoever is thrown thereinto not eafily finketh. Ye{pafias for atrial, caufed divers to becaftin, bound hand and foot, who floted, asit fup- ported by fome fpirit. They fay that birds flying over, fallin, as if enchanted. Nox | es ia) Ee He LikCe unlikely, fince other lakes, as that of Avermus, have effected ¢ LIB. = = Zhe Dead Sea. History of the Holy Land. “tit ommend Al name of right ; —e aterm Nomen id ab re ; ie 4 : re AMD yd Si shat-to ul bare cee tee 8 Ampofitum eft, quia funt avibus contraria cunttis > pojstes Which whee th < fi TASS es ee p - Eregione ea, quod loca cum advenere volantes 1) Wien t oof e uses wift paffe A pte Sia id Remigii oblite pennarum vela remittunt, | Forget ful of thei wings they fall from high Precipitefque cadunt molli cervice profufa With ont-ftretcht necks.on earth where earth partakes In tetram, fi forte ita fert natura locorum : , ‘That killing property ; where lakes,onlakes: = — Autin Er an Tacus fubftratusAverno eft, fuffocated with the poifon of the afcending vapours. The whole country have from hence their provifion of falt. Seventy miles itis in length, and fixteen over ; having no egrefs unlefs under the earth; nor yet increafing with the accels of the Ri- ver, and thofe multitudes of torrents. Once a fruitful valley, compared for delight unto Paradife ; and called Pentapolis, of her five Cities: deftroyed with fire from heaven, and converted then into this filthy lake, and barren ‘defolation that environs it. A fearful monument of divine vengeance. Fofephus (and he that countrey-man ) reports, that about it are fruits, and flowers, moft déle&table to the eye, which rouched, fall into afhes. An hiftorian perhaps not alwayes to be credited. Yet not far off there grows a fruit like agreen Walnut, This I have feen ; which they fay never ripeneth. At the foot of the bordering mountains, there are certain black ftones;' which burn like coals € whereof the Pilgrims make fires) yet diminith not there: with; bur onely become lighter and whiter, Beyond Fordan are the warm baths of Callirhoe, which difcharge themfelves into this Lake : excgeding fovereign for fundry difeafes. | This famous countrey, the ftage of wonders, ‘Loved of God; planted by firft Colonies : » r-7Cara Deo, primis habitata colonis; : Nur fe of bleft Saints; and kingly Families ; aed ee domus purcass ives divum Fruitful Worthies ; glorious inthe birth ‘Nootltam antiqua ferie fecunda virorum / a » —-—Nartale folum, quo lapfus ab aftris Of Chrijt ; who here defcenaixg from the skies ~» Deterfit Chriftus mortales fanguine culpa. £4 Did with bus blond purge the polluted earth: Aor een was firft inhabited by Canaan the fon of Charm ; and called by his name: he dying, Jeft it to his eleven fons, the auchors of as many nations, eAbrabam the tenth from _ WNoe, and fixth from Heber ( of whom the Hebrews, retaining in the confufion of tongues their primitive language ) * departing from, Chaldea by divine appointment Irrecon- dwelt in this countrey, promifed him by God ina vifion: and thereupon called, The leble are land of Promife : as of Facob, Ifrael, fo named for ftruggling with an Angel. His eset polterity two hundred and eighteen years after defcending into Egypt, were there for of Chro- two hundred and feventeen years retained in bondage. Brought from thence by J4o- nelogers, fes ; forty years after, under the conduét of Fofiu they entred Canaan, expulfed the I follow . Canaanites, and unto every tribe they allotted a portion. At the firft for three O71 nl hundred and eighty fix years they were governed by Capiains and Judges 2 after ja sna rc. that for four hundred and eighteen, by Kings; Fuda the Scepter-bearer ; the regal ernie City Ferufalem, From Rshoboam ten tribes revolied, who chofe the fugitive Ferobo- * A. M, am jor their Kings his fucceffors tiled Kings of //raels the feat of that kingdom 2°- 23« Samaria. »Two hundred fifty and nine years that Kingdom had endured ; when in the ninth year-of the reign of Hofhea they were led. into Captivity by the King of ef ffyria : and planted, as fome fay, beyond the Ca/piaz mountains ; from whence they never rerurned. The e4ffyrians poflelt of their land, were from thenceforth called Samaritans: who devoured by Lions for facrificing to the Gods of their countrey, revoked certain of the J/raelitifh Priefts, to inftru€ them in their law and religion; but no oherwife obferved, then as leaving i free to worfhip what God each man beft liked. To Fuda only continued Benjamin with the beft of the Levites. -Oft op- ae preffed by Tyrants, as oft wonderfully delivered 5 at length in the reign of Zedechias Pi they were carried captive by Nebuchadnezzar into Babylon ; Fifty nine years after pene fet at 1 bercy. by Cyrus, with gifts and immunities they returned under the condudé seve of Zerabbabel. After this they were called Fews of Juda, the Patriarch, and the rote 70, countrey Fury. From which time until the Afaccabees, a tract of three hundred fixty Ferem,25. and four years, they were governed by an e4ij/tocracy : wryed with many calamities, Dan..9. and fubject to the infolencies of over- powerful neighbours.. Of whom Antiochus ige Helui+ Epiphanes, wi, allitted by the faétious, maflacred the people, not {paring the con-“": fpikators ; interdicting, and by torture aur wharfoever by their law they were PRR 4 comes 2 The biStory of the Holy Land. =~ LY B. UL ¢.mimanded or prohibited. The Samaritans wor Jd be not more of kin tothe Fews : - but profeffed chemfelves to be defcended of the Sidonians ,and re-dedicated their Tem- ple (before dedicated to God ) en mount Garazin unto. fupiter.. Lo oppofe this tem- peft, up ftood Mathias, a Prieft of the race of Amores, with his five fons ; all men of incomparable valour. Of whom Fudas eMachabews did ( if not reftore ) uphold rheir Stace froma further declination. Fudas flain, Fobn Succeeded him: Fonathan, Fohn , and Simon, Fonathan, the laft or the brethren, (for Eleazar was {lain before by the fall of an Elephant which he flew, fuppofing it co have born the perfon of As- tiochus: ) all dying nobly in their countreys defence; a glorious and to be emulated deftiny. After Simon, Aircanus his fon obtained the Prieft-hood, together with the principality. A man more fortunate than the refts who not only defended his own, Dot made many profperous invafions. riffobulus his fon tranflated the principality Ynto a kingdome : the-firft that wore a crown - in worth degenerating , {tained with the blowd of his motlier and brother. His brother Alexander reigned in his ftead ; riot inferiour in cruelty, ever in warrs, either foreign or civil; acquainted with va- tiable fortunes. He left his kiagdome to Alexandra his wife, for reftraint of his cruelty, well beloved of thepeople. By him fhe had two fons, Hircanus and ¢Ari~, flobulus : conferring upon the eldeft the Prieft-hood and Kingdome. Out of her over- much zeal mis-led by the Pharifees, the offended incenfe Ariftobulus ( aman of an afpiring fpirit ; and vicioufly daring ) who upon the ficknefs and death of his mother. afeted the Kingdome. Hircanus religns: Antipatcr the Idumean procurcth him to revoke his refignation ; who after many bickerings, is at length reftored by Pompeys who conguereth Fudea, and leadeth Ariftebulus to Rgme, with his children: Saurus here governing for the Romans. Alexander his eldeft fon, getteth loofe : purfuerh Hircanus , is {upprefled by Gabinus ; who fucceeded Scaurus in the government of Syria, and reftored Hircanus to the Prieft-hood, alters the government, divides Fu- deainto five Provinces, and commits them to feveral governours. Aristobulus eica~ peth from Rome, attempteth the kingdome : ‘is overthrown, taken, and fent back again. Craffus fucceeds Gabinins ; him Caffins. Ariftobulas fer free by Cefar, and farnithed with an army, is poyfoned by Pompey’s favourites : his fon eAlexander be-, * headed before by Scipioat Antioch..Antipater for his manifold deferts is by Cefar made governour of Judea: and the Prieit-hood for his fake confirmed to Hircanus ; wha unfit for rule, enjoying only the title of a King , is direéted by the other. -Antipater foon after poyfoned ( a man of high valour and wifdome ) leaveth four fons behind him; Phafeolns, Jofeph, Herod, and Pharoras. Herod by his vi€tories becommeth fa- mous: who with his brother Phafeolus, are made Tetrarchs by ednthony. Antigonus the fecond fon to Ariftobuius, raifeth new tumults, aflifted by the Parthians: by whom Hircanus and Phafeolus contrary to promife, are treacheroully furprifed, and delivered to Antigonus; who making Hircanus by biting off his ears, uncapable of - the Prieft-hood, affameth unto himfelf the fovereignty. Hered in diftrefs. repatreth to Rome, isaided, and created King of Judea by Auguftas and Anthony. The warrs after many confliéts, do end with the death of Avtigonuss the laft of the race of the eAaccabees, who held that government an hundred thirty and one years. Herod reigned thirty four years, a man full of admirable virtues, and execrable vices; his ats had defervedly given him the addition of Great : fortunate abroad, unfortunate in his family ; having put three of his fons to death, and the wife that he loved = his life rragical, his death defperate. His crown be bequeathed to Archelaus, his fon by eMalthace the Samaritan. But expulfed by the Jews for his cruelty, the matter was. debated before e4uguftus, who gave him half of the kingdome with the title of an Etbnarb. The other half divided into two Tetrarchies, were beftowed on two of his brethren Philip, (to whom Agrippa fucceeded, the fon of Ari/fobulus, flain by his fa~ ther Herod, with the title of a King, piven him by Clandins Cafar) and Antipas, cal- led alfo Herod. Archelaus banifhed foon after for his cruelty, did die inexile. His | Ethnarehy reduced into a Komaz Province, and the government thereof committed un- to Pontins Pilate by Tiberins €afar, under whom the Son of God did die for the offences of man fore-reld by Heathen Oracles. Sed manibus paflis cam menfus cunéta coronam But when with hands out-firetcht eo head thorn bonna, De ccc wpe is 5 a ce A curfed {pear his bleffed fide {hall wound : : Fixerit a@a manu, cujus cauia tribus horis = y Nox tenebrofa die medio monftrofaque fict : For which aborsive night for three hours {pace 2k Gai een AORN BR oS Shall mid-day mask: To mans effrighted race, LIB, = «Zhe biStory ofthe Holy Land. = 13 ‘ { - 2 ) 2 . The Temple then fhall yield a dire oftent : 9 hominum generi magnum seb eae fignuves He hall nt profound bell make ne defeent empla dabunt. Ditis cum teéta profunda fubibit, And beta ij Nunciet in vitam reditum quo more peremptis. ind {hew the dead a way to life—— a Siby. Orac, 1, 1. His name thus covertly exprefled, : Explained Four vowels hath it, and two that are none, —~—vocales quatuor autem by the nu- Of Angels two: The fuin of ail thus (hone. Fert, non vecale!que duas, binum geniorum : meral Sed quz fit numeri totius {umma decebo. Greck Eight monads; decads exght; hecatons Letters, Declare bis name to earths unfruitful fons. IHZOTS= : 10.8 200.70. 400.200, i \ §, 8. 800. oe Petronius fucteeded Pilate, Felix. Petronius,and then Feftus,Albinus, and Florus. Florus his ctuelry and bad government provoked the Fews to rebellion. But the calamities of that war infliéted by Gallus, Vefpafian, and Titus, exceed both example, and de- {cription, Hi bloud be on ws and ours: a with then granted, was now effeéted with. all fulnefs of terror. Fudea deprived of her fertility, together with her Cities and people, ts governed by Lucius Baffus: who by Ve/pafians appointment made fale of the land; and on every head impofed an annual tribute. So continued it until the reign of e4drian: when the Fews impatient, that foreigners fhould poflefs: their con- trey, railed a new commouon: to whom the difperfed reforted from all parts ; Barochab the ring-leader their couriterfeit eAefias. And becaufe his name doth fignifie the Son of a {tar : he applied unto himfelf that prophecie : Out of Facob fhak a fiar arife; But when flain, and difcovered for an Impoftor, they called him Ben- coxban, which is, fon of lying. Fulias Severus Lieutenant unto Adrias, € notwith- . fanding many of their defperate attemprs ) razed fifty of their {trong holds, nine hundred eighry five towns, and flue of them five hundred and fourfcere thonfand. Infomuch that the countrey lay wafte, and the ruined Cities became an_ habita- tion for foxes and Leopards. The captives by the Emperours commandement were tran{ported into Spai# : and from thence again exiled in the year 1500 by Ferdixand and Emanuel. Fury now without Jews, imbraced the Ghiftian Religion in the dayes Of Conftantine, whofe mother Helena is faid to have built therein no lefs than two hundred Temples and Monafteries, in places made famous by the miracles of Ghrift ; or fuch as were the known habitations of his diftiples. The next change befell in the reign of Phocas, whea Cofroe the Perfian over-ranall Paleffine . ine fiéting un-heard of tortures on the patient Chriftians. No fooner freed of that yoke, but made to fuftain a greater by the execrable Saracens, under the condu&.of Omar, fucceflor unto eahomet ; who were long after expulfed by the Turks, then newly planted in Perfiaby Tangrolipix. When the Chriftians of the Welt, for the recovery of the Holy Land ¢ fo by them inftiled ) fet forth an army of three hundred thoufand, Godfrey of Bullein the General; who made, thereof an abfelure conqueft: and was elected King of Jerufalem. Lefs than a year gave a period to his reign. Him his brother Baldwin {acceeded : then Baldwin the fecond his kinfman - him, Falk his fon in. law« Falk left two fons behind him , Baldwin the third, and -Almericus, who fucceeded his brother: him, his fon Baldwiz the fourth. Then Baldwin the fifth, his fifters fon: a child by his mother poifoned within feven moneths of his coronation, out of her cruel ambition to gain unto her felf the fovereignty, by conferring the fame upon her husband Guy ; the ninth and laft King of Jerufalem. Their troublefome reigns, high valours, the alrernate changes of foils and vi€tories ( their foes at hand, their faccours afar off ) and finally, their final overthrow procured by home-bred treafon ; requirea peculiar Hiftory. In the 89 year of thar kingdome, and during the reign of Guy, the Chriftians were utterly difpoffefs'd of Fudee, by Saladine the Egyptian Sultan, A counirey it feemeth anathematized for the death of Chrift, and flaughter of fo many Saints, as may be conceived by view ofthe place it felf, and ill fuccefs of the Chri- ian armies + which in attempting to recover it, have endured there fo often fucls fatal over-throws - or elfe, in reputing it a meritorious war, they have provoked the divine vengeance. The airy title our Richard the firlt did purchafe of Guy,with the real and flourifhing kingdom of Cyprvs , which now is affumed by the Kings of Spain, with as little profic, and the like ambition. But the pofleffion remained with the &gyp- ssans: until Selymus, by extinguifhing of the e#amalucks did joyn the fame to the. Ottoman Empire. So it remaineth at this day ; and now is governed by feveral San- sacks, being under the Bafa of Damafco, | Namque ofto monadas,totidem decadas fuper ifta Atque hecatontadas ofto, intidis fignificabat Humanis nomen, Siby, Orac. J. i. E34 a It 114, | Of the Jewes. ~~ LIBAT, It is for the moft part now inhabited by eAdoors, and efrabians : thofe pofl fling the vallies, and thefe the mountains. Turks there be few: but many Greeks, with other Chriftians, of all fcéts and nations ; {uch as impute cto the placean adherent holinefs. ere be alfo fome Fews, yet inherit they no part of the land, but in their ewn countrey do live as aliens. A people fcattered throughout the whole world, and hated by thofe amongit whom they live , yer fuffered asa neceffary mifchief - fubje& co all wrongs and contumelies, which they fupport with an invincible patience. Many of them have | feen abufed, fome of them beaten: yet never saw 1 Few with an angry countenance ; They can fubjeét themfelves. unto times, and to whatfoever may advance their profit. In general, they are worldly wife, and thrive wherefoever they fet footing. The Turk employes them in the receipt of cuflomes, which they by their policies have inhanced ; and in. buying and felling with the Chriftian - being himfelf in that kind a fool, and eafily coufened. They ‘are men of indifferent ftarufes, and the beft complexions. Thefe as well in Chri- flendome, as in Turkie, are the remains only of the tribes of Fuda and Benjamin, with fome Levites which returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. Some fay, that the - other ten are urterly loft: but they themfelves that they are in India, a mighty Na- tion, incompaffed with rivers of ftone, which onely ceafe to run on their Sab- bath, when prohibited to travel. From whence they expeét their eWeffias: who with fire and fword fhall fubdue the world, and reftore their temporal kingdom 5 and therefore whatfoever befalls them, they record it in their Annals. Amongft them there are three Seéts. One onely allow of the Books of e#ofes. Thefe be Sa- maritan Fews, (not Fews by defcent, as before-faid) that dwell in Damafce: who yearly repair to Sichern ( now JVeapolis >) and there do at this day worbhipa Calf, as 1 was informed by a Merchant dwelling in that countrey. Another allow of all the Books of the Old Teftament. The third fort mingle the fame with traditions, and fantaftical fables devifed by their Rabbins, and inferted into their Talmud. Through- out the Turks Dominions they are allowed their Synagogues: fo are they at Rome, and elfewhere in Italy ; whofe receipt they fuftifie as a retained teftimony of the verity of Scriptures , and as being a means of their more {peedy converfions : where- _ as the offence that they receive from Images, and the lofs of. good upon their cons, verfions, oppugne all perfwalions whatfoever. Their Synagogues ( for as many as I have feen ) are neither fair without, nor adorned within ; more than witha cur- tain at the upper end, and certain lamps ( fo far as I could perceive ) not light. ned by day-light. In the midit ftands a {caffold, like thofe belonging to Querifters,in fome of our Cathedral Ghurches: where he itandsthat reads their Law, and fings ) their Licurgy : an office not belonging unto any in particular; but unto him ({o he be free from deformities ) that fhall at that time purchafe it with moft mo- ney ; which rebounds to their publick treafury. They read in: favage tones; and fing in tunes that have no affinity with moufick: joyning voices at the feve- ral clozes. Bur their fantaftical geftures exceed all barbarifm ; continually weaving with their bodies, and often jumping upright (as is the manner in dances ) by them efteemed an aétion of Zeal, and figure of fpiritual elevation. They pray filently , with ridiculous, and continual noddings of their heads, not to be feen and not laugh at. During the time of Service, their heads are veiled in linnen, fringed with knots, in number anfwerable to the number of their laws, which they carry about with them in proceffion ; and rather boaft of than obferve. They have it Quck in the jaumes of their doors, and covered with glafs: written by their Door of Cacams, and figned with the name of God, which they kifs next their hearts in their Law. their goings forth : and in their returns. They may printit, bur it is to be writ- ten on parchment, prepared of purpofe ( the ink of a prefcribed compofition ) not witha quill, but a cane. They do great reverence to all the names of God, but efpe- cially to Febovabh, infomuch that they never ufe it in their fpeech. And whereas they handle. with great refpeét the other books of the Old Teftament, the Book of Efther ( that part that is Canonical, for the orher My allow not of ) writ in along fcrole, they let fall on the ground as they read it, becanfe the name of God isnot once mentioned therein 3; which they attribute to the wifdome of the Wri-, ter, in that it might be perufed by the Heathen. Their other Books are in the Spa- nif tongue, and Hebrew character. Theyc exfefs our Saviour to have been the moft learned of their Nation, and have this fable difperfed among{t them concerning hims How that yet a boy, attending upon a great Cacam, at fuchatime as the heavens -accuftomed to open, and whatfoever he prayed for was grantcd; the Cacam : opprefled LB, Ul. Of the Pouce, 11g oppreffed with fleep, charged the boy when the time was.come, to awaken hint: But he provoked with a frantick defire of peculiar glory ( fuch is their devillith in- vention ) made for himfelf this ambitious requeft ; thar like a God he might be ado- red amongft men. Which the Cacam over-hearing, added thereunto ( {ince what was craved could not be provoked ) that it might notbe till after his death. Where- upon he lived contemptibly ; but dead, was, is, and fhall be honoured unto all pofte- rity. They fay withall, that he got into the Sanétum Santorum : and taking from thence the powerful names of God, did few them in his thigh, By virtue where- of he went invilible, rid on the Sun-beams, raifed the dead to life, and effe@ted like wonders. That being often amongift them, they could never lay hands.on him ; until he voluntarily tendered himfelf to their fury, not willing to defer his future glory any longer. That being dead, they buried him privately in a dung-hill, left his body fhould have been found, and worfhipped by his followers = when a woman of great nobility, feduced by his do€trine, fo prevailed with the Reman goverriour, thar be threatned to put them forth-wich to the fword, unlefs they produced the body. Which they digging up, found un-corrupted, and retaining that felf-fame amiable favour, which he had when he lived; only the hair was faln trom his crown, imita+ ted, as they fay, by the!Romifb Friars. Such, and more horrible blafphemies invent- they; which | fearto utter. But they be generally notorious lyars. Alrhough they agree with the Turk in circumcifion, deteftation of images, abftinency from {wines fiefh, and divers other ceremonies ;_neverthelefs the Turks will not f{uffer a Few-ta turn eAMahkomeran, unlefs he firft turn a kind of Chriffian, As in Religion they differ from others, fothey do inhabit, in Ghriftendome enforcedly, here in Turkée voluntarily. Their under-garments differing little from the Turks in fafhion, ” _ are of purple cloth ; over that they wear gowns of the fame colour, with large wide —fleeves, and clafped beneath the chin, without band or collar; on their heads high brimlefs caps of purple, which they move at no time in their falutations. They, fhave their heads all over ; not in imitation of the Turk: it being their ancient fafhion, before the other were a Nation, as appeareth by Cheridus ( together with their lan- guage and bonnets then ufed ) relating of the fundry people which followed Xerxes in his Grecian expedition. Thefe warrs a people rarely featured, follow, : - Houjus miranda fpecie gens caftra fecuta Who unknown, the Phoenician language [pake. eee a en cet ab ore; On hills of Solymus bya vaft lake edes huic Solymi montes ftagnum prope vaitu 3 - Ton‘a caput circum; {quallenti vertice equini; § Have they their feat. Their heads they have and guard’ Byuvias capitis duratas igne gerebat, With helines of borfe-skinin the fire made hard. Their familiar fpeech is Spanifh : yet few of them are ignorant in the Hebrew, Tur- kifh, eAdorefco, vulgar Greek, and Italian languages. Their onely ftudies are Divinity and Phylick : their occupations brokage and ufury 3 yet take they no intereft of one another, nor lend but upon pawns; which once forfeited, are un-redeemable. The - poorer fort have been noted for fortune-cellers, and by that deceit to have purchafed their fuftenance. Te | 7 What dream foever you will buy Qualiacunque voles Jud:ej fomnia vendiint} The Few will fell you readily. | Janene Hats They marry their daughters at the age of twelve: not affeéting the fingle life, as repugnant to fociery, and the law of creation. The Sabbath ¢ their devotions end- ed ) they chiefly employ in nuptial benevolences - as an a€t of charity befitting well the fanétity of thar day. Although no City is without them thronghout the Grand Signiors dominions ; yet live they with the greateft liberty in Salonica, which is almoft altogether inhabited by them. Every male above a certain age, doth pay for his head an annual tribute. Although they be governed by the Turkifh Jus flice ; neverthelefs, if a Jew deferve to dye by their law, they will either privately make him away, or falfely accufe him of acrime that is anfwerable to the faét in quality, and deferving like punifhment. It is no ill turn for the Franks, that they will not feed at their Tables. For they eat no flefh, but of.their own killing; in re- gard of the entrails, which being diflocated or corrupted, is an abomination unto them. When foit falls out, though exceeding good ( for they kill of che beft ) they will fellic fora trifle. And as for their wines, being for the moft part alee ay . gathere 116 Of the Fewes. Gaza. LIB. ML gathered by Grecians, they dare not drink of them for fear they be baptized; a cere- mony wheteof we have {poken already, They fit at their meat asthe Turks do. They bury in the fields by themfelves, having only a itene fet upright on their graves: which once a year they frequent, burning ot incenfe: and tearing of their garments, for certain dayes they faft and mourn for the dead, yea, even for fuch as have been executed for offences. As did the whole Nation at our being at Con/lantinople, for two of good.account that were impaled upon ftakes ; being taken with a Turkifh wo. man, and thar on their Sabbath. It was credibly reported, that a Jew, not long be- fore, did poyfon his fon whom he knew to be unreftrainably lafcivious, to prevent the ignominy of a publick punifhment, or lofs by a chargeable redemption. The fefh confumed, they dig up the bones of thofe that are of their families; whereof whole bark-fuls not feldome do arrive at Joppa, to be conveyed, and again interred at Je- rujalems: imagining that is doth :dd delight unto the fouls that did owe them, and that they {hall have a quicker difpatch in the general Judgement. To fpeak a word or two of their women: The elder mabble their heads in linnen, with the knots hanging down behind. Others do wear high caps of plate; whereof feme I have feen of beaten gold. They. wear, long quilced wafte.coats, with breeches underneath . ia winter of cloth, in fammer of linnen, and over .all when they ftir abroad, loofe gowns of purple, flowing from the fhouiders, They are generally far, and rank of the favours which atrend upon fluttifh corpulency. For the moft part they are goggle- ey’d. They neither fhun converfation, nor are too watchfully guarded by their hus- bands. They are good work-women, and can and willdo any thing for profit, that is to be'done by the art of atwoman, and which fures with the fafhion of thefe coun- treys. Upon injuries received, or violence done to any of their Nation, they will cry ourmainly at their windows, beating their cheeks, and tearing .of their garments. Of late they have been, bleft with another Hester ; who by her favour with the Sal- tan, prevented their intended Maffacre, and turned his fury upon their accufers. They are fo well skilled in lamentations,that the Greeks do hire them to cry at their fanerals- —-——plorat . i — ncaa at as sit Fruitfulin tears : tears that fiill ready Stand n itatione lua, arque expe antibus 1am L , Quo jubeat manare modo— To faily forth , and but expect command. Juv. Sat. 6. But now return we unto Gaza, one of the five Cities, and that the principal that be- longed to the Paleflanes, ( called Philifins inthe Scriptures ) a warlike and powerful people, of whem afterward the whole land of Promife took thename of Paleftine. Gaza, or e4za, fignifieth Strong. In the Perfian language a Treafury : fo faid to be called by. Cambyfes, who invading Egype, fent thithet the riches purchafed in that war. It was called Cenftantia by the Emperour Conflantine, Gazaagain by Fulian, and now Gaara. Firft, tamous for the a&ts of Saimpfem, who lived about the time of the Trojan Wars : (an age that produced Worthies ) whofe force and fortunes;are {aid to have given ro the Poets their inventions of Hercules, who lived not long before him. And afterward famous for the two wounds there received by e4lexander the Great : then counted the principal City of Syrza. It ftands upon a hill, environed with val- lies; and thofe again well-nigh clofed with hills ; moft of them planted with all forts of delicate fruits. The building mean, both for form and matter. The beft but low, of rough ftone, arched within, and flat onthe top, including a quadrangle: the walls furmounting their roofs, wrought thorow. with. pot-fherds, to catch and ftrike down the refrefhing winds , having {pouts of the fame, in colour, thape, and fire, re- fembling great Ordnance. Others are covered with mats and hurdles; fome built of mud ; amongft all, not any comely or convenient. Yet there are fome reliques left ; and fome impreffions that teftifie a better condition. For divers fimple roofs‘are fup- ported with goodly pillars of Parian marble ; fome plain, fome curioufly carved. A number broken in pieces, do ferve for threfholds, jambs of doors, and fides of win- dows, almoft unto every beggarly cottage. On the North-eaft corner,and fummity of the hill, are the ruines of huge arches funk lew inthe earth, and other foundations of a ftatély building. From whence the laft Samziack, conveyed marble pillars of an incre- dible bignefs ; enforced to faw them afunder ere they could be removed , which he employed in adorning a certain Mofque below inthe valley. The Fews do fable this place to have been the theatre of Samp/ow, pulled down on the head of the Philsftins. Perhaps fome palace there built byProlemy,or Pompey,who re-edifiedthe City:or Chri- : : ftian a os ee es ftian Temple ere&ted by Conflantines or elfe that Caftle founded by Baldwin the third, in the year 1148. The Gaftle now being, not worthy that name, is of no importance : wherein lyeth the Samzcack (by fome termed a Baffa ) a fickly young man, andofno © * experience ; who governs his Province by the advice of a ©More. His territories begin. at Ariffa, on the Weft-fide of the Ciry, out of fight, and yet within hearing, is the fea, feven furlongs off ;. where they have a decayed and unfafe port, -of {mall avail at this day to the inhabitants. In the valley on the Eaft-fide of the City, are many ftrag- ling buildings. Beyond which there is a hill mote eminent than the reft, on the North- fide of the way that leadeth to Babylon ; faid to be that, (and no queftion the fame oe defcribed in Scriptures) to which Samp/oz carried the gates of the City ; upon whofe " _ top there ftandeth a Mofque, environed with the graves and fepulchres of Aabome- tans. ‘Inthe Plain between that and the town, there {tand two high pillars of marble, their tops much worn by the weather; the caufe of their ereéting unknown ; but of reat antiquity. South of this, and by the way of Egype, there is a mighty Ciftern, filled onely with the fall of rain, and defcended into by large ftairs of ftone; where they wath their clothes, and water their cattel. The fame day that we came, we left the Caravan, and lodged in the City under an arch in.a little court, together with our affes. The door exceeding low, as are all that belong unto Chriftians, to withftand the fudden entrance of the infolent Turks. For they here do live in 4 fubje€tion to be pitied ; not fo much as daring to have handfome houfes,or to employ their grounds ro the moft benefit. 30 dangerous it is to be efteem- ed wealthy, During our abode hete, there camne*a Gaprain with two hundred Saphess, fent-by Aforat Baffz, to raife thicry thoufand dollars of the poor and few inhabitants of this @iry. The Grecians have certain {mall vineyards, but that they have wine they dare not be known , which they fecretly prefs in their houfes. They bury their corn under ground , and keep what they are to{pend,; in long veffels of clay ; in that it is “fubjeét ro be eaten with worms ( as throughout Egypé ) and will not latif not fo pre- ferved.: Inthe principal part of the City, they have an ancient Church, frequented al- fo by the Copies. The Greeks(h women ( a thing elfewhere unfeen ) here cover their faces, dying their hands black; and are apparelled like the Adoors of Cairo. Every _ Saturday inthis @hurch-yard, upon: the graves of the dead, they keep amiferable howling, crying of cuftome, without tears or forrow. The Subaffee would have extort- ed fromns well-nigh as much money as we were mafters of; which we had hardly avoided, had not the fick Zanziack ( irithat adminifired unto by our Phyfician) quir< ted us of all payments. So that there is no travelling this way for a Frazk without {pecial favour. ot ie Thruft out of our ledging (as we were about to leave it ) by the uncivil Saphess, who feized on divers of our neceffaries ; onthe nineteenth of March we returned to the Caravan. We paid half a dollar apiece to the place for our Camels 5; and for their hire from Cairo, for thofe of burthen fix Sultanies; for fuch as carried paf- - fengers eight. We gave them two Sultanies more apiece to proceed unto Jerufalem. Here the Caravan divided; not a {mall part thereof taking the way that leadeth unto Babylon, The next day we alfo diflodged ; leaving the Jews behind us; who were there to celebrate their feftival. The Caprain of the Caravan departed the night before ; taking his way through the mountainous countrey by Hebron; out of his devotion to vilit the graves of the Patriarchs ; a place of high efteem amongft them, and much frequented in their pilgrimages: The ancient Giry ( the feat of David before he took Sioz from the Jebufites ) isutterly rninated- Hard by there isa lic- . tle village, feated in the field of «Machpelazb., where. fandeth a goodly Temple, ereéted over the Cave of their burial, by Helena the mother of Constantine ; con- verted now into a Mofque. We paft this day through the moft pregnant and plea- fant valley that ever eye beheld; On the right hand a. ridge of high mountains, ( whereon ftands Hebren , ) on the left hand the eMedsterranean fea, bordered with continued hills, befet with variety of fruits :-as they are for the moft part of this dayes journey. The champion between about twenty miles over ; full of Howry hills afcending leifurely, and not much furmounting their ranker vallies; with groves of olives, and other fruits difperfedly adorned. Yet is this wealthy bottom (as areall the reft ) for the moft part un-inhabited, bur onely for a few {mall and contemptible villages, poffefled by barbarous eAfoors , wha till no more than will ferve to feed them , the grafs wafte-high, un-mowed, un-eaten, and ufelefly wi- - thering. Perhaps fo defolate, in. that infefted by the often recourfe of armies, or mafterful Szphess, who before they go into the field ( which is feldome mae the 5 etas te atten me) Afcalon. Azotus. Acharon. — LIB. Il, jatter end of harvelt, left they thould flarve themfelves by deftroying of the corn, are billetred in thefe rich paftures, for the benefit of their horfes, lying in tents : befides them: committing many outrages on the adjuyning towns and diftreffed paf- ’ fengers. : , | coe Ten miles from Gaza, and near unto the fea,ftands A/calen,now a place of no note : more than that the Turkdeth keep there a garrifon, Venerable heretofore amongft thofe heathen, for the Temple of Dagon, and birth of Semirans, begotten of their oddefs ‘Decreta. Who inflamed with the love of acertain youth that facrificed unto her, and having by hima danghter ; afhamed of her incontinency, did put him away, expofed the child to the Defarts, and confounded with forrow, threw her felf into a lake replenithed with fifh, adjoyning to the Ciry, and is fained to have been converted into one of them. _ a+ Narres —_— Or of Decreta tell, ‘Decreti, quam verfa {quamis velantibus artus That did ( as Palestine believe ) for [ake Sta0 Pale fini ; ile fouras ; , ; 6 Stagna Paleftini credunt coluifle figura Her form: theloaeh d with feales iia lake. | Ovie. Met... 6, Whereupon the Syrians abftained from the fth thereof, as reputed deities. This De- cveta is {aid to be that Dagoa the Idol of the Askalonites, ( but with what congruity [ know not ) mentioned in the Scripture, which fignifieth the fh of forrow: who had her Temple clofe by that lake, with.her image in the figure of a fifh, all exceptingthe face, which refernbled a woman. Bat the intant nourifhed by doves, which brought her milk from the pails of the paftors, after became the wife of Winus, and Queen of Affyria , whereupon fhe was called Semiramss : which fignifieth a Dove in the Syrian tongue. Now when the could no longer detain the Empire from her fon; not endu- ring to furvive her glory, the vaniilic out of fight : and was {aid by them to have been tranflated to the Gods, according to the anfwer of the Oracle. Others feign with like truth, that fhe was turned into a Dove; | —- ut ffpes wre ¢ pennis : Who with affnmed wings made her afcent Extremos altis in turribus egerit aliose aie | , : a Ovid. Met. 1. 6 . To high-topt rowers, and there her old age {pent. in memorial whereof the Babylonians did bear a Dove in-their enfigns : confirmed by the Prophecie of Feremiah, who fore-telling of the devaftation of Fudea, adviferts them to Aye from the fword of the Dove. Ten miles North of Afcalon along the fhore ftands -Azetus : and eight miles beyond that charg, now places of no reckon- ing. | fst Rabodiiies of the clock we pitched by Cane Sedoe; a ruinous thing, hard by a fall village, and nota quarter of a mile fromthe Sea: the Caravan lying in deep paftures without controlement of the villages. The next day we departed two hours before Sun-rife; defcending into an ample valley, and from that into ano- ther ; having divers orchards towards the Sea. The countrey fuch ( bur that with- out trees ) a3 we paft thorow before: no part fo barren, but would prove moft profitable, if planted with vines and fruits, made more than probable’ by thofe that grow about Gaza. Pafling thorow a {pacious field of Olives, about noon we pitched ona little hill lying Eaft, and within a furlong of Rama: called Ramula by the eAfoors, which fignifieth fandy. It is feated ofa plain, on a. little rifing of rhe earth, ftretching North and South, built of free ftone, the fireets narrow, ‘the hou- fes contemptible. Yer are there many goodly ruines, which teftifie far becter build- ing: efpecially thofe of the Ghriftian Churches. Here is a Monaitery, much of it Standing, founded by Philip the good, Duke of Burgundie , in that place where fometimes ftood the houfe of Nicodemus : built for the relief and fafety of Pilgrims intheir paflage to Ferufalem. And although quitted by the Friars, yet at this day it ferveth to that purpofe: called Sion-houfe, and belongeth to the Monaitery of Mount Sion. ; a Though out of my way, it will not be far from my purpofe, to fay fomething of Foppa, which is a haven, and was a town ten miles Welt of this place; and faid to have been before the general Deluge. Others write that it was built by Fapher. It Rood upon, and under a hill, from whence, as Strabo reports ( but impoflible to be true ) Fernfalem might be difcerned. Haying an ill haven, defended from the South and Weft, with eminent rocks, but open to the fury of the North: which driving the waves againft the ragged. cliffs, do’ make them the more turbulent, and the piace : : lefs LIB. ill. Rama. Foppa. t ig lefs fafe than the open. Sea incenfed with tempelts. Here reigned cepheus ( who Fe: paired the fame, and called it Foppa2) the fon of Phanix, and father of e4ndromedac - Who js feigned to have been chained unto a rock hard by, for the pride of her mother Caffiope, there to be devoured by the monfter. For Mothers tongue un-juft Fove charg’d that {he © —Hicimmeritarn materne pendere linguz ry. , ‘ Andromedam poenas injuftus juflerat Ama Should fuffer here, who from all fault was free. P Poe} seal Vole arc WO Pérjens fawto hard rocks chain'd, een fimul ad duras religatam brachia cauteé W idit Abantiades 5 nifi quod levis aura capillos But that warm tears from her full eye- [prings vain d, Moverat & tepide manabant lumina fletu. ani light winds gently fann’d her fluent hair, Marmoreum ratus effet opus? trahit infcius ignese He would have thought ber marble: ere aware = pink tee Aaiken, Imagine forme, de sie Pene {uas quatere eft oblitus in acre pennas. Hid fire he affumeth , and aftoniflrd by a Ovid. Met. Sees pennas, Her beauty, had almoft forgot to fly. Who by overtomming the moniter, received her-as the reward of his vitory : whons thus Scaliger perfonates. Oh My mother err’d $I fuffer : yet content ae aes * pleétor cur filia 3 quanquans : A; Siise i : “ro 10Hte In lontena matre perire juvat. . For guilty here to Me: Host aot, Bip aye O, mater, tua me facies huc perdidit atqui Thy form (O mother) ouna me here, ut mine Hine mea me folvit : Pulchrior ergo mea eft. Unbound me: therefore fairer it than thine. Pulchrior ergo mea eft: nec Nymphas provocs Fairer ; nor Nymphs provoke I with my pride. P Hot bial de bender ee ’ : Dihiad de: ulchrius & melius fit bene {cire loqui; Moft fair and bet, that well the tongue can guide, — Pulchs Lessee This is faid to have hapned (though intermixed with fQion ) about the time tha¢ . the Judges began to govern in Ifrael. The inhabitants many years after religioufly preferved fundry old Altars, inicribed with the titles of Cepheus and his brother Phi. meus. Ovid makes Ethiopia the feene of this {tory: but is contradi@ed by S. Ferome ; back withthe credits of Pliny, and eMela, ALarcus Scaurus in his dil. fhip, brought from hence, and produced the bones of this monfter, being by forty foot longer than the ribs of an elephant, and the back bone halt a foot thicker/ This City was deftroyed by Ce/iius + and.again ( becoming a receptacle for Pirats ) by Vefpafian: who here buile a Caftle to prohibit the like out-rages..: It was called ‘the Port of Fury: the onely one that ic had. Then-sore convenient than now: much of it choaked with fand ; and much of ic. worn with the continual aflault of the waters. Of the City there is no part ftanding more than two little towers Wherein are certain harquebulhes a crock for the fateguard of the harbour. Under the cliff, and opening to the haven, are certain {pacious caves hewn into the rock : fome ufed for ware-houfes, and others for fhelter. The merchandizes here ime barqued for Chriftendome are only cottons: gathered by certain Frenchmen wha relide at Kama in the houfe of Sion. The weftern Pilgrims do for the mof Part arrive at this place, and are from hence conduéted to Ferufalem by Attala a Greek of Rama; aiid Drugardman to the Pater- Guardian paying feven Sultanies aw piece for his Mules, his labour and difcharge of Caphor. The like rate he hath for bringing them back again: a great expence to poor Pilgrims for fo {mall a jour- ney: which muft be paid although they accepr nor of his condu@. Yet by ‘this means they do pa{s fecurely - he being in fee with the erabians that poflefs the mountains. | Now the @aravaz did again divide : the «Moors keeping on the way thatlead! eth to ‘Damafcus. Here we fhould have paid two dollars apiece for our heads 5° all to a Sheck of the Arabs; but the Zanzsack of Gaza had fent unto him that it fhould Dey Fini be remitted. He came unto ont tent, and greedily fed on fuch viands as we had fC {55 the before him. A man of tall {tature, cloathed ina Gambalock- of fcarlet, buttoned un- mot part der the chin with a bofs of gold. He had not the patience to expe a prefent, but Santos. A demanded one. We gave him a piece of Sugar, and a pair of fhoes, which he nob a earneftly enquired for, and chearfully accepted. On the two and twentieth of “38 March, with the riling Sun, we departed from Gaza. A {mall remainder of that great Garavan; the Noftrains ( fo name they the Chriftians of the Eaft) thar ride wpon Mules and Affes being gone before : amongit whom were two Armenian Bi- fhops, who footed it moft of the way ; but when (alighting themfelves ) they were mounted by fome of their Nation. Before we were gone far, we.were ftayed by the efrabs, until they had taken Caphar of the reft. The Subaffee of Rama belides bad \ Maaines £20 —— Ferufalem. | LIB, Ill. eMadines upon evety Camel. Theday thus wafted, did make us mifdoubt that we | fhould not get-that night unto Ferufalem, but the mifling of our way Cfor the 4- rabs had left us contrary to their cuftome ) turned our fear-to defpair. Some fix miles beyond Rama the hills grew bigger and bigger, mixed with fruitful vallies. About two miles farther we afcended the higher mountains ; paying by the way two Adadines ahead ; but at feveral places: » A paflage exceeding difficult ; ftraight- “ned with wood, and as it were paved with broken rocks: which by reafon of the sain then falling, became no lefs dangerous to our Gamels. Ar length we came to 4 fmall Village where we firlt difcevered our erring. Some counfelled -to fta others to proceed ; both dangerous alike: the way un- known, un-fafe, the inhabi- tants thieves,. as are all the Arabians. Whileft we thus debated, the night {tole upon us, and bereft us ofthe election, The much rain enforced us to flie for fhelter unto a ruinous Chappel, where diftruft fet-the watch, which we carefully kept till the morning, Betimes we forfook the Village, defcending the way we had afcended, guided by. the chief of the Town,.who for a fumme of money had undertaken our conduét to the top of the mountains: having hired Affes for our more expedi- tion. Yer others crofling us as we returned along the valley ; with fhews of vio- Jence,-would-haye extorred more money. Onr paflage, for -five hours together lay ‘thorow a-natrow ftraight ‘of the mountains; much of ovr way no other then fach as:feemed to have been worn by the Winters torrent. We paft by a ruinous fort, {cated near a fountain ; fufficient, when it ftood, to have made good that paf- fage. In the way we {prang a number of Patridges ; others on each fide running en the rocks; like in colour to thofe of Chios. Afcending by little and little, at length ‘we attained to thetop ; which over-topt and furveyed all the mountains that we had left behind us. From hence to Fernfalent the way is indifferent even, On each fide are round hiils, with ruines on their top; and valleysfuch as are figured in the moft beautifull land-skips. The foil, though ftony, not altogether barren, produ- cing both corn and olives about inhabited places. Approaching the North-gate of the City, called in the times paft, The gate-of Ephraim, and now of Damafcus ,' we only of all.the reft were not permitted roenter. ‘(When compafling the Wall unto that of the Weft, commanded by the Caftle, we were met by two 'Francifcan Friers: who | faluted and conveyed us to their Covent. | Although divers both upon. inquifition and view, have with-much labour related. the fite and ftate of this City, with the places adjoyning; (though not to my know- ledge in our language ) infomuch as 1 may feem unto fome, but to write what hath been written already :, yet notwithftanding, as well to continue the courfe of this difcourfe, asto deliver the Reader from many erring reports of thetoo credulous devote, and 100 too vain glorious + the one, : Sémainat in valgus nugas—— Loh ‘Do toyes divulge—— The other charaéted in the remainder carriedin that Diftick : -— — auditaque lingua —-—Srill add to what they hear, ily 2 a i oO S 3 . * pee orton wy producit Olympums And of a mole-bill doa mountain rear : e. g ° e I will declare what I have obferved, un-fwayed with either of their vices. This Gity, once facred-and glorious, eleéted by God for his feat , and feated in the midft of Nations ; like a Diadem crowning the head of the mountains; the theater of myfteries and miracles 5 was founded by Melchifedech ( whois faid to be | Sera the fon of Dee, and that not un-probably.) about the year of the World 2023. eke and called Salem ( by the Gentiles, Solyma, as they write, of the mountains adjoy- ollow : ning but rather the mountains of the City) which fignifieth Peace : who reigned nee ae on here fifty years: After pofleffed by the Febujites, by them it was named Febus ; dvichomins who held it wholly or in part eight hundred. and four and twenty years : when muchverft Sion the fort ftill remaining in their hands, being affaulted by David; they pla- inthis 4r~ cod the blind, the lame, and other ways impotent. upon the walls, in contempt of Bumente “his power, as fufhicient to repulfe fuch an enemy, But in fine he took Mount. Sion by force, expulfed the Febufites , re-edified and adorned it and the City with goodly buildings: are removing from Hebron, made it the feat of his Kingdome. From thenceforth ic was called Ferufalem, which is tofay, Febufalems converting 6 intor, for the berrer harmony. His fon Solomon and. the facceeding Kings of aa whe . , cniarged LIB. 3; Feriifalem: | wat enlarged the City, then containing in circuit about fifty furlongs $-fortified it with ftrongeér walls and deeper trenches, hewen‘ out of the living rock, and added there- - unto an abfolute perfection: by: the. ftrudture of. that magnificent Temple, their fumptuous Palaces, and other. ftately: edifices. In:this excellency it continued for four hundred threefcore and feventeen. years.:_ When deftroyed by, Nebuchadnezzar, for threefcore and ten years it lay’wafte untill the Jews returning from that captivity began to re-edifie the fame; which it was un-immured for. threefcore and three years after: and then effected by Nehemas in the fpace of. two and fifty days, It con- tained at that time.in circuit. three and thirty furlongs : . and was after enlarged unto threefcore. Adorned by the Maccabees ; but efpecially by the many and admirable buildings erefted by Herod, it feemed not much to decline from her former beauty and amplitude,’ ‘This re-built City flourifhed for the. fpace of five hundred three- {core and two years; and then was deftroyed by the wrath of God, and fury of Titas: wherein eleven hundred thoufand by famine, peftilence, the enemies {word, and civil butcheries moft defperately. perifhed... Only three towers, ippicum, Pha- feolum, and Martamue. (built by,Herod, and adjoyning te his Palace) he left un-ra<’ fed, exceeding the reft ingreatnefs,and beauty ; and apart of the Wall which en- vironed the. Welt of the City: both tobe a defence tothe Romans, and to declare unto pofterity the ftrength of the place, and valour of the vanquifhers. But three- {core and five years aftet, -eElius Adrianus infliing on the rebelling Fews a won- derful flaughter, ‘fubverted thofe remainders, and {prinkled {alt upon the founda- tion. » Where not long after he built a City, bue lefs in circuit:: taking in Mount Calvary, and a part of Mount Grhon, with a Valley between; which lay on the Wefte - fide, and were excluded in the former City ; - fetting over the gate that openeth to= wards Bethlehem , . portraiture of a Swine: prohibiting the Fews for ever to enter, or fo much as to look upon it from any moré. eminent mountain: and after his own » name named it e£/ia Capitolia. But not long after inhabited by Chriftians, and dig- nified with a Patriarchal Sea, it recovered the ancient name of Ferufalem, and re- mained for five hundred: years-in the. pofleffion of the Chriftians, but not without {undry. perfecutions... Then taken by the Saracexs in the year of our Lord 636, won by Gedfrey Ballein in'the year 1099 and taken by Sa/adine in 1187; it was finally con- quered by. Seymus in the year 1517, and is now called the Cds of the ALahometans, which fignifiech Holy. . So that from the firft foundation to this prefent 1611 threes Pe | thoufand five hundred and fix and forty years are expired. | | This*City .is-feated upon a rocky mountain: every way to be afcended (except a little on the North) with fteep.defcents 5 ‘and_deep Valleys naturally fortified for the mott part envitoned with other not far removed mountains, as if placed in the midit of an Amphitheatre. . For on the Eaftis Mount Olver, feparated from the City by the valley of Fehofaphar (which alfo circleth a part of the North) on the South the mountain of Offexce, interpofed with the valley of Gebiuzon: andon the Welt ic was formerly fenced withthe valley of Gshon, and mountain adjoyn- ing, To fpeak fomething thereof as it flourifhed in the dayes of our Saviour ; it was divided then into ‘four parts, feparated by feveral Walls , ftretching Eaft and Welt, asif fo .many feveral Cities. -The’next the South over-looking the reft, and including Mount S7oz, was then called , The upper City, but before, The City of David, Inthe midit whereof he ere€ted a ftrong and magnificent Caftle ; the feat of the fucceeding Kings.. In the Weft corner and upon the wall. ftood his Tower;' of which we fhall {peak hereafter, as of his Sepulchre, the Cazaculum, the houfe of Axnas, and that of Caraphas. Here King Hered builta {amptuous Palace, con- taining two houfes in one, which he named by the names of Cefar and Agrippa 3 adorned with marble, and fhining with gold: in coft and flate fuperiour to the Temple. The walls of this part of the City broken down by Antiochas were ftrongly repaired by the Afaccabees; which adjoyning every way with the down= fall of the rock, did make it impregnable. But Sion raifed in that general fubver- fion; is now for the moft part left out of the City. From the upper City they de- {cended into the neather, over a deep trench, which was called Tyroaoz, and plen= - tifully inhabited; now All’d with rubbidge, and hardly diftinguifhable. This part, as fome deliver, was named the daughter of Sion; in greatnefs by far exceeding the mount. On the Eaft-fide of this Siz, upon mount AZaria ftood chat glorious Temple of Solomon: and between it and the mount Sion, his Throne, his Palace (which by a high bridge had a paflage into the. Temple, ) the Palace of the Queen, and the houfe of the Grove of Libauas: .now all without the walls of the wee M WEIS | 122 Ferufalem. Et BY is. Welt of the Temple, and on a high rock, the place of the Afaccabees was feated , which furveyed the whole City, aiter re-edified, and dwelt in by King grippa, near unto which ftood the Theatre built by King Hered, adorned with exquitite pictures ; expreffing the conquefts, trophies, and triumph ot Angufius. Againit the South cotter of the Temple ftood the Hippodrom, made alio by Herod; wherein he infti- tuted divers exetcifes, of five years continuance; in honour of the Emperour. And when he grew old, and un-recoverably: fick , knowing how acceptable his death would be to the fews, he cauied the chiei of them to be aflembled together , and to be there fhut up: that his death accompanyed with their flaughter, might at that time in defpite of their hatred, procure a general lamentation. Within the Welt wallof the City, ané near it, was mount 4cra, fteep and rocky, where once ftood 4 Citadell ereéted by Aztiochus, and. raifed by Siwox, who abated the extraordinary height thereof, that it might not furmount the Temple: whereon Helena Queen of the Adiabenes (a Nation beyond Euphrates) built her Palace ; who converting from Paganifm to Jadailm, forfook her Countrey; and dwelt in Ferafalem, Afcer~ ward embracing Chriftian Religion. She much relieved the diftrefled Chriftians in that famine prophecied of by A gabus ( which hapned in the reignof Clandius Ca- far) with the corn fhe bought, and canfed to be brought out of Egypr. Without the Ctiy fhe had her fepulchre, not far from the gate ot Ephraim; adorned with three Pyramydes , and un-demolifhed in the dayes of Eufebizs, On the North-fide of Acra food Herod's Amphitheater , {pacious enough to contain fourfcore thonfand people, imitating, in the fhews there exhibited, the barbarous cruelty of the Kemazs. Near unto the North wall of'this fecond part ftood the common Hall, and Courts of Juftice. And adjoyning weéll-nigh to the North-lide-of the Temple, upon a: fleep rock fifty cubits high, ftood the Tower of Baris, belonging to the Prielt of the race Of Afmones. But Herod obtaining the kingdom, and ‘conlidering how convenient aplace it*was to command the City ; built thereon aitately ttrong Caltle, having at every cornér a tower, two of them being fifty cubits in height, and the other twa threefcore andtem: which, ‘to inlinuate with Astonus, he called Antonia, In this the Romans did keep a garrifon, {nfpicioufly over-eying the Temple; left the Fews being animating ‘with the itrength thereot,. fhould attempt fome innovation; unto which it was joyned by abridge of Marvellous ‘height 5° which pafled over the artificial valley of Cedron. “Onthe North-fide of Axtoma, agallery croffed the flreer (where- of we. fhall fpeak hereafter ). unto the ‘palace of the Roman Prelident. -Now forthe third City, which was but narrow:; and whofe length did equal the breadth of the other: the Weéit!éend thereof asthe circuit-then ran’, was wholly poffefled by the royal manfion of King Hered’; ‘confining on the three walls: for coft excellive, and for ftrength ) on the right hand,by certain fteps, a little Chappel is afcended ; coupled above, and fuftained at the corners with pillars of marble. Below, thorow a wall,which bounds the Eaft-fide of the Court, a pair of ftairs do mount to the top of the Rock (yet no Rock evident:) where is a little Chappel built (as they fay) in the place where 4érabam would havé facrificed /{aae ; of much devotion, and kept by the Prieft of the 4bzfixes. This joyneth to thetop of the Temple, level, and (if I forget not) floored with plaifter. Out of the Temple there arife two ample cupu- loes: that next the Eaft (covering the Eaft end and Iles of the chappel) to be afcen- ded by fteps on the out-fide : the other over the Church of the Sepulchre, being open inthe middle. Oh, who can without forrow, without indignation, behold the ene- mies of Chrift to’be the Lords of his Sepulchre! who at feftival times fit mounted un- der a Canopie, togather money of fuch as do enter: the profits arifing thereof, being farmed at the yearly Rent of eight thonfand Sultanies. Each Frazk, pays fourteen (except he be of fome religious Order, who then, of what Sect foever, is exempted from payments)wherein is included the Impoft due at the gate of the City:but the Chri- ftians that be fubyeét to the Turk, do -pay but a trifle in refpect thereof. At other times the door is fealed with the feal of the Sanzzack, and not opened without his dire@ion: whereat there hang feven cords, which by the bells that they ring give notice to the feven feveral Se&s of Chriftians (who live within the Temple continually) of fuch as would {peak with them ; which they dothorow a little wicket, and thereat re~ ceive the Provifion thatis brought them. ‘Now to make the Foundation even ina place fo un-even, much of the Rock hath been hewn away, and parts too low fupplied with mighty Arches: fo that thofe natural forms are utterly deformed, which would have better fatisfied the beholder ; and too much regard hath made them lefs regardable. For, as the Satyre fpeaketh of the Fountainof e£ gera, How much more venerable had it been —— quanto preeftantius effet : Numen aque-viridi fi margine clauderet undas Tf graf. * had cloth'd the crreling banks in Like", Herba, nec ingenuum violarene-marmora Tophum \ Wor marble had the native Tophies marr’d' Juv. ‘Sat, 3. atte 126 The Temple of Chrifis Sepulchre, we. LIB. i 2. The Roof of the Templefis of a high pitch, curioufly arched, and fupported with great pillarsof marble ; the out-Ilesgallery’d above :_ the univerfal Fabrick ftately and {umptuovs. But before Idefcend unto a particular defcription, I will prefent you | with the platform; that the intricacy thereot may be the better apprehended. AN N iS N N — SS WN Re NS SS N SNOOTY q ~_ ga Pa y Y 4 y A Y Y 7 i 5 SSS SSS [a] Ras W Yd SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS —— SSS SSS } | } Blllry Ley, Leap, Ley 4 3 eg SSWSLy} Yzz TTT SN usual SN N SSSI SSS N N ‘ee N S IN S: NN N SESS N VY l WY AN Wa N : < SSS HIN Y, WSS SSS A \ i Ves Bow TTT eld (padi EAAOLII Z | ; y q = 7 a 4 i i a oe” SQ b = y ; e Fe } | -f a 3 Qo J : Vill) a gz. The entvance, ze The ftone of the Anointing. 3. The pafjage to the Sepulchre. 4. The Sepulchre, 'g. Where Ghrift appeayed to Mary Magdalene 6. where Mary Masdalene ftood, 7. The Chappel of the Apparition. (8. The Altar of the fconrging. 9: The Altar of the holy €rofs. 10. The rooms belonging to the Latines, 1x. The Chappel of the Angels. ‘az. The prifon of Chik. 13. The Chappel of the diwifion of bis varments. 14. The defcent vate the Chappel of $. Helena, 150 The fronting Pillars, 36. The defcent into the place of the invenion of the Crofs, 17. Where the Crofs of Chiti was found. 18. Where the trva other were found, 19. Uhe Chappel of S. Helena. 20, Her Seat, 21. The Chappel of the Devifion, 22. The afcent to the Mount Calvary. 23. The Chappel of the tmmolation of Ifaac, 24. Where Chrift was nailed to the Crofs. 25. Where Crucified, 26. Where they keep the Altar of Meichifedech, 27. The rent of the Rock. 23. The LIB. 2. Zhe Zempleof Chrifts Sepulchre, toc. 127 28. Che Chappel of S. John. _ 35. The Chappe! of the Abifines, over which the Chap. 30. Wher: the Virgin Mary and §. John ftood at the je! of the Armenians. : time of the Paffion, \ 36. The (bappel of the Jacobites. ae 31. The pitch which they call the Navel of the world. 37. The Chappel of te Copties. ae ; 32. The quare of ihe Church. 38. The Sepulchre of Jofeph of Arimathea uzdey ground 33- Sepulchre. 39. The cha:pel of the Georgians, 34. The foundation of the Tower, 40. The Chappel of the Marionites, After‘we had difpofed of our Luggage in part of the North-gallery belonging to the Latines, che Qonfeflor offered tofhew us the holy and obfervable places of the Tem- ple; which wegladly accepted of ; he demanding firft, if devotion or curiofity had pofleftus with that defire. So that for omitting Pater noffers, and Ave Maries, we lott many years indulgences, which every place doth plencifully afford to fuch as affeét them ; and contented our felves with an hiftorical Relation. Which I will not declare in order as fhewn, but take them as they lie from the firft entrance of the Temple. Right againit the door; in the midft of the South Ile, and Jevel with the Pavement, there lieth a white marble, inform of a Graves-ftone, environed with a rale of Brafs about a foot high : the place (as they fay) where Fofeph of Arimathea and Nicodemus anointed the body of our Saviour with fweet Oyntments. This they kifs and kneel to ; rubbing thereupon their crucifixes, beads, and handkerchiefs: yea, whole webs of Linnen; which they carry into far Counrreys,and preferve rhe fame for their fhrowd« ing fheets, Over this there hang feven Lamps, which burn continually. Againftthe Eaft end of the ftone there is a little Chappel. Neer the entrance, on the right hand, ftands the Sepulchre of Godfrey of Ballovga ; witha Latine Epitaph, thus Englithed. Here lieth the revewned Godfrey of Bullorgn,who wonne all this Hic us inclytus Godefridus de Buglionsqui ; be worfhip of Chriff. Reft may his {oul inpeace, Amen, tram iftam terram acquifivic cultuiChriftiana Land to the worfhip of Chrift ff u fe FeAGe, » Cujus anima requiefcat in pace, Amen, On the left hand -his Brother Ba/dwizs, with this inf{cription : Baldwin, the Kin 3 another Machabee, Rex Baldwinus, Judas alter Machabeuts, ' The Churches,Countries firength hope both their glory, ©p¢s patrix, vigor Ecclefiz, virtus utriufque $ Whore Cafar, Egypts Dan, Damafcus fraught Quam formidabant qui dona tributa’ferebanry ‘by hombend 3 hited anid - Mied h CG efar, AEgypti Dan, ac homicida Damaf{cus, PEERED HE if BT ae ORE CEOS H Proh dolor ! in modico ¢lauditur hoe tumulo, O grief within this lictle Tomb doth lie. ; “ ” The firit, and fecond, King of Ferufalem. The farther end of this Chappelscalled the Chappel of S. fohz (and of the Anoynting, by reafon of the ftone which it heigh- boureth) is confines with the foot of Ca/vary,where on the left fide of the Altar there is a cleft in the Rock, in which, they fay, that the head of Adam was found; as they will have it, there buried ; others fay in Hebrox, that his bones might be {prinkled with the real blood of our Saviour; which he knew fhould be thed in that place by prophetical fore-knowledg. . Over this are the Chappels of Mount Calvary, afcend- ed on the North-lide thereof by twenty fteps; the higheft hewn out of the Rock, as isa part of the paflage; obfcure, and extraordinary narrow. The floore of the firft Chappelis checker’d with divers coloured marbles, not to be trod upon by feet that are fhod. _ At the Balt-end,under a large arched concave of the Wall, is the place whereon our Saviour did fuffer ; which may afluredly be thought the fame: and if one place be more holy than another, reputed in the world the mo(t venera- ble. Heis void.of fenfe, that fees, believes, and is not then confounded with his paf- fion. The Rock there rifeth half a yard higher then the Pavement, level above, in form of an Altar, ten foot long, and fix foot broad; flagged with white marble ; as is the Arch and Wall that adjoyneth. In the midft is the place wherein the Crofs did {tand: lined with Silver, gilt, andimbofled. This they creep to, proftrate them- felves thereon, kifs, falute; and fuch as ufe them, fanéifie therein their Béads, and: Crucifixes. On either fide there ftandeth a crofs: that on the right fide, in the place ie where the good Thief was crucified ; and that on the left,where the bads divided from Chrift by the rent of the Rock (a figure of his Spiritual feparation) which clove afunder in the hour of his paffion, The in-fides do teftifie thar Art had no hand therein ; each fide to other being anfwerably rugged, and there were un-acceffible to the Work-man, That before fpoken of, in the Chappel below, is a part of this, which reacheth (as they fay) tothe centre. This place belongeth to the Georgrans + whofe Prieltsare poor, and accept of alms. No other Nation fay Mafs on that altar: over which there hang forty fix Lamps, which burn continually ; On the felf-iame floor, of the felf-fame form in that other Chappel belonging to the Latrzes, ae rte | onely 128 The Zemple of Chrifis Sepulchre, tc. LIB. 3; “MoNE CALVARI 22 | A. The firft Chappel of Mowat Calvary. F. The fepulchye of Kise Baldwin, B. The fecond Chappell. G. The {tone of the Anointing. G. The cleft in the Rock. H. The defcent to Mount Cabvary. : D. The cleft continuing inthe Chappel below, where, — 1. The defeent into the place of the invention of the _they fay,the head of Adam was found, Ciofs. oi E. The fepulchve of Godfrey of Bulloign, K. The door that eaters into the Temple. onely by a curtain, and entréd thorow the former. In the midftof the pavement is afquare, inchafed with ftoneés of different colours, where Chrift, as they fay, was nailed upon the Crofs.. This place is too holy to be trod upon, They wear the hard {tones with their foft knees, and heacthem with their fervent kifles: proftrating themfelves and tumbling up and down with fuch an over-active Zeal, that a fair Greek, Virgin,ere aware,one morning fhewed more then fhe intended: whom the Frier that helpt the Prieft to fay Mafs, {o took at the bound, that it ecchoed again, and difturbed the mournful facrifice with a mirthful clamour; the poor Maid departing” with great indignation. Over the Altar which is finely fet forth, three and thirty Lamps are maintained. Thefe two Chappels looking into the Temple, are all that poffefs the fummit of the Rock : excepting that of the Immolation of J/aac,. withe out, and {poken of before ; and where they keep the Altar ot AZe/chifedech. Oppofite to the door of the Temple, adjoyning to the fide of the Chancel, are certain Mar- ble Sepulchres without Titles or Epitaphs. Some twenty paces dire@tly Weft from: Mount Calvary, and on that fide that adjoyneth to the Tower, around white Mar- ble, level with the pavement, retaineth the memory (as they fay) of that place where the blefied. Virgin ftood,and the Difciple whom Chrift loved, when from the Crofs he commended each to other: over which thére burneth a Lamp. A little ontheright hand of this, and towards the Weft, you pafs between certain Pillars into that part of the Church which is called, The Temple of the Refurreétion, and of the holy Sepulchre. A ftately round, cloyftered below, and above fuppor- ted with great fquare pillars, flagged heretofore with white Marble: but now in many places deprived thereof by the facrilegious Infidels: Much of the neather . Cloitter is divided into fundry Chappels belonging unto feveral Nations and Seés, where they exercife the Rites of their feveral Religions. The firft, onthe left hand, to the dbiffens, che next tothe Facobites, the third to the @opties (clofe to which, on the left fide of another, there is a cave hewn out of the Rock,with a harrow entrance, the Sepulchre of Fofeph of Azrimathea,)-the fourth to the Georgians, and the fifth to the AMaroures. ‘The Chappel of the Armenians poflefleth a great part of the Gallery above ; and the reft, lying towards the North, belongeth to the Latizes, though not imployed to religious ufes. Now between the top of the upper Gallery, and ex- tréam of the upright wall, in feveral concaves, are the Pi€tures of divers of the ‘ Saints LIB, 3. Lhe Temple of Chrifts Sepulchre, (oC. 129 Saints in AZofai que work, full fac’d,and unheightned with fhadows , according to the Grecian painting ; but much defaced by malice, or continuance. In the midft, on the South-lide,is the Emperor Constantine’s,oppofite to his mothers,the memorable Foun- drefse This Round is covered with a Capolo fuftained with rafters of Cedar,each of one piece, being open in the midft like the Pantheon at Rome,whereat it receiveth the light that ic hath, and that as much as fufficeth, Juftin che midft, and in view of Heaven, ftands the gloryfied Sepulchre,a hundred and eight feet diftant from AZonnt Calvary the natural rock furmounting the fole of the Temple, abated by Art, and hewn in the form of ¢ Chappel, | | : : Er ‘OF Boe ff | Aili y | es | \\ Bw B* PS a B.D: CE. ©. 3 woe —— & (AL The Gapoles —— MThe Altar wishin) | Gs Tha eatvandé af che Sepulobred B, The Sepulebve] . Be Tbe infide of the Portited YB, The tant, whereon they eivencen G The Portion, —_ Ex Toeentrance of shePevicgs (ay, voas the Aged fate, =, \ Nig ae 130 The Temple of Chrifts Sepulchre, ('¢- LIB. 3, more long than broad , and ending in a femi-circle; all flagged over with whiff marble, The hinder part being fomething more eminent than the other, is envi- roned with ten fmall pillars adjoyning to the wall, and fuftaining the cornifh. On the top (which is flat ) and in the midft thereof, a little Cupolo covered with lead is ereéted upon fix double, but {mall Corinthian columnes, of polifhed Porphyrie. The other part, being lower than this by the height of the cornifh, f{mooth above ; and not fo gatnifhed on'the fides ( ferving as a lobby or portico:to the former) is €n- tred at the Eaftend, ( having before the door a long pavement, erected fomething above-the floor of the Church included. between two white marble walls. not pait two foot high ) and confifting of the (elf-fame rock, doth contain therein a concave about three yards fquare , the roof hewn compafs; and flagged thorowout with white marble. In the midft of the floor there isa ftone about a foot high, and a foot anda half fquare, whereon, they fay, that the Angell fate , who told the two Maryes that our Saviour was rifen. But Saint A4atthew faith , he fate upon the sreat {tone which he had rolled from the mouth of the Sepulchre; which, as it is {aid, the Emprefs caufed to be conveyed to the Church of Saint Saviour, ftanding where once ftood the palace of Caiaphas. Outof this a paflage thorow the midft of the rock, exceeding not three feet in height, and twoin breadth, having a door of orey ftone with hinges of the fame, un-divided from the natural, affordeth a way to creep thorow into a fecond concave, about eight foot fquare and as much in height, witha compatt roof of the folid rock, but lined for the moft part with white marble. On the North-fide there is a Tomb of the fame, which poffeffeth one half of the room ; a yard in height » and made in the form of an Altar - info- much that not above three can abide there at once ; the place no larger then affordeth aliberty for kneeling. Itis faid, that long after the Refurreétion, the Tombe re- mained in that form wherein it was when our Saviour lay there: when at length, by reafon of the devouter Pilgrims , who continually bore away little pieces there- of (reliques, whereunto they attributed miraculous effeéts) it was inclofed with- ina grate of iron. Buta fecond inconveniency, which proceeded from the tapers » hair, and other offerings thrown in by Votaries, which defiled the monument , procured the pious H elena to enclofe the fame within this marble Altar, which now belongeth to the Latines, whereon they onely fay Mafs, yet free for other Chri- {ians to exercife their private devotions ; being well fet forth, and having on the far fide an antique and excellent piaure demonftrating the Refurre&tion. Over it perpetually burneth a number of lamps, which have_fullyed the roof like the mfide of a chimney, and yields unto the room ar intederate fervour. Thou- {ands of Chriftians perform their vows, and offer their, tears yearly, with all the ex- reffions of forrow, humility, affection and penitence. It is a frozen zeal that will not be warmed with the fight thereof. And, OhthatI could retain the effets that it. wrought, with an un-fainting perfeverance ! who then did dedicate this hymn to my Redeemer : Saviour of mankind, Many Emanuel : who finle[s died for fin, who vanqui{ht hell : The firft-fruits of the grave : whofe life did give Light to our darkuefs 5 in whofe death we live : O firengthen thon my farth, correst my will, That mine way thine obey : protec? me fisll, So that the latter death may not devoar My foul feal’d with thy feal, So in the hour When thou, whofe body fantlifi'd this Tombe, Anjuftly judg’d, a glorious Fudge halt come To jadge the world with juftice, by that fign 1 way be known, and entertarn'd for thine. Without , and to the Weft end of this Chappel another ‘very {mall one adjoyn- eth , ufed in common by the Egyptians and e4: thiopians. Nowon the left hand, as you pafs unto the Chappel of the Apparitions, there are two round ftones of white marble in the floor: that next the Sepulchre covering the place where our Sa- viour, and the other where Mary Magdalene ftood (as they fay) whenhe appeared unto here On the North-fide, and without the limits of the Temple, ftands the Chappell of the Apparition ; focalled (as they fay) for that Chrift in that place : did Lia 7 Lhe Zemple of Chrifts Sepulchre, toe, =. 13 did thew himfelf to his forrowful mother, and comforted her, pierced with an- gitifh for his cruel death, and ignominious fufferings. This belongeth to the Latizes, which ferveth them alfo fora Veitry; from whence they proceed unto their pom- pous Proceffions. On the Halt lide there ftand three altars: that inthe midft ina clofet by it felf, dedicated to God and our Lady. That on the right hand is called The Altar of the Holy Crofs, whereof a great part was there (as they fay ) referved. But when Sultaz Solyman imprifoned the Friers of Mount Sion, whom he kept in durance for the {pace of four years) the Armenians ftole it from thence, and carryed it to Sebaftra their principal City. ‘That on the left hand inthe corner, and near unte the entrance, is called the Altar of the Scourgins; behind which there isa piece of apillar, of that ( as they fay ) whereunto our Saviour was bound when they {courged him. This ftood on Mount Sioz, and there {upported the Portico toa Church in the dayes of Saint Ferome ; when broken by the Saracezs, the pieces were re-collected 5 and this part here placed by Ghrilttans. The reit was diftributed by Pau/ the fourth unto the Emperour Ferdizand, Philip King of Spain, andthe Signory of Vesice 3 in honour whereof they celebrate the fixt of April. Itis (asI remember ) about three foot high, of a dusky black-vein'd marble, {potted here and there with red; which they affirm to be the marks of his blood wherewith it was befprinkled. Before it there is a grate of iron, infomuch as not to be toucht but by the mediation of a ftick prepared for the purpofe; being buttoned at the end with leather, in manner of a foile, by which they convey their kiffes, and blefs their lips with the touch of that which hath touched the relique. Thorow the afore-faid Veftry, apaflage leads into ~ certain rooms, herecofore a part of the Colledge of the Knight-Templars: an Order erecaed by the Princes of France ( of whom the chief were Hugo de Pagauis and God- fredus a Santto Audamaro) about the year of our Lord 1119, in the dayes of Bald- win the fecond, who afligned them this place adjoyning to the Temple, and where- upon they were called Templars. It is faid, that they received their inftitutions from St. Bernard, together with their white Habit: and after that, the red Crofs from Eugemus the third Pope of that name: The one a fymbol of Innocency, the other of not to retufed Martyrdome; and of the blood which they were profufely to fhed in defence of this Country. At, firft they grew glorious in Arms; then ich in Revenues; which corrupted their virtues, and betrayed them to the mo detelted kinds of la{civioufnefs ; Infomuch as bya general Council held jin Vienna in the year 1312. the Order was extinguifht, and their Lands for the mot part con- ferred upon the Knight-hofpitallers of Saint Fobxs of Ferafalem, of whom we thalf {peak when we come unto JZa/ta, The Temples in, Loxdon belonged unto them: where inthe Church (builtround. in imitation of this ) divers of their ftatues are to be feen, and the pofture ufed in their burials. Here the Franewfcans entertained us during our abode in the Temple. . Returning again thorow the Chappel of the Apparition, alittle on the left hand there is a concave in the wall, no bigger then to coitaintwo pérfons belides the Altar; which is called the Chappel of the An- gels: belonging alfo tothe Latives, but lent by themtothe defpifed Nefforians du- ring the celebration.of Halter. ‘Winding with the wall along the outward North- alley of the Chancel, at the far end thereof there isa Grot hewn out of the rock, where they fay, that the Jews imprifoned our Saviour, during the time that they were providing things neceflary for their,ceucifying. This is kept by the Georgians , without other ornament, thea an un-garnifhed Altar s. over. which ,hangeth one onely lamp, which rendreth a dim light to the prifon. .Un-treading a good part of the afore-faid alley, we entredthe Ile (there. but diftinguithed by pillars ) .which borders onthe North of the Chancel: and turning:on the left, hand, where it- begins to compafs with the Eaft end thereof, we-pafled by a Chappel: contain- ing an Altar, but of.no.xregard, wherein.they fay, the, Title was preferved. which was hung over the bead of our Saviour::,nowshown,at Rome inthe Church of the Holy Crofs of ferufalew. Next tothts inthe fame wall, andmidtt of the femi-circle there is another , the place (jwhexe they fay ). the Souldiers did catt lots for his gar= ments: of: which the -drmeuiaus have the Cuftody. .Adittle beyond you,.are to de- {cendia pair of largeftairs of thirty Reps, partof the paflage hewen out of the rock of Calvary, which leadeth into.a Lobby: the roof {npported with four maffie pil- lars of white marble, whichis.ever moit through the dampnefs of the place ( be- ing under ground) and.fometimes dropping, are faid.to weep for the forrowfull patfion and death of Ghrift.. At the far end, containing more than-half of the room, is the Chappeliof Saint Helena: having two,great Altars erected. by ee ian 132 The Temple of Chrifts Sepulchre, We. ETB. 3 (tian Princes in her honour. On the South-fide there isa feat of ftone, over-looking a pair of ftairs which defcend into the place of the invention of the Crofs :- where they fay, that fhe fate whilft the Souldiers removed the rubbidge that had covered it; Thefe ftairs (elevenin number) conduét into an obfcure vault, apartof the val- ley of Carcaffes. There threw they ourSaviours Crofs, and covered it with the filth of the City: when after three hundred years, the Emprefs Heleva travelling unto Ferufalem in the extremity of her age, to behold-thofe places which Chrift had fan- ified with his corporal prefence , threatned torture and death to certain of the principal Jews, if they would not reveal where their Anceftors had hid it. - At laft forfooth, they wreited the truth from an old Jew, one Judas, firft almoft famithed : who brought themto this place. Where, after he had petitioned heaven for the dif- covery, the earth trembled, and breathed trom her cranies Aromatick odours. By which miracle confirmed, the Emperour canfed the rubbidge to be removed, where they found three Croffes, and hard by, the fuperfcription. But when not able to di- ftiriguith the right from the other, they fay that Macarius, then Bifhop of Jerufalem, repairing together with the Emprefs unto the houfe of a Noble woman of this City,’ uncurably difeafed, did with the touch of the true Crofs reftore her to health. ‘Atfight ‘whereof the Few became a Chriftian, and was called thereupon’ Quiriaces. Being after Bithop of Ferufalem, inthe’reign of Fulran the Apoftata, he was crowned with martyrdome. At which time it was decreed, that no malefaGtor fhould thence- forth faffer'on the Crofs and that the third of Jay fhould be for ever celebrated in'the memorial of that Invention. In this vault are two Altars, the one where the Crofs of Chrift was found, andthe other where the other. Afcending again by the aforefaid ftair into the Temple; on the left hand between the entrance ; and Mount Calvary; there is a little room which is called the Chappel of the Derifion. Where under the Altar is referved apart (as they fay ) of that pillar to which Chrift was bound, when Pilates fervants crowned him with thorns, being cloathed in an old purple robe, and placed a reed in his hand, in ftead of a fcepter, crying, Haile, King of Fews : with other approbrious taunts, and revilings. This is kept by the Abyifens. Now nothing remaineth to fpeak of, but the Quire, not differing from thofe in our Cathedral Churches, The Welt end openeth upon. the Sepulchre : the Eaft ending in a femicircle, together with the Iles, is covered with a high Cu- polo : on each fide ftand oppofite doors which open into the North and South alleyés ; all joyntly called the Temple of Golgatha. A partition at the upper end excludeth the halfe round (behind which is their high Altar) which rifeth in a manner of a lofty Screen, all richly guilded® (as moft of the Chancel ) ‘and adorned with the piétures of the Saints Antique habits: flat and full-faced, according to the manner of the Grecian , to whom this place is afligned. Towards the Welt end from each fide equally diftant, there isa little pit in the pavement , (which they fay) 3s the Navel of the World, and endeavour to confirm it with that faying of the Scrip- ture, God wrought his falvation in the mdf of the Earth, which they fill with holy water. The univerfal fabrick, maintained by the Greek, Emperours during their fove- taignty, and then by the Chriftian Kings of Fernfalem, hath fince been repaired in the {everal parts by their particular owners. The whole of fo ftrong a conftitution, has rather decayed in beauty the nfubftance. Having vifited thefe places which beftow their feveral Indulgences, (and are: ho- noured with particular Orifons) after Even-fong, and Proceffion, the Pater-guardian putting off his pontifical habit, and cloathed ina long veft of linnen girt clofe unto him, firft wafhed the feet of his fellow Friers, and then of the Pilgrims: which dried by others, he kiffed with all outward fhew of humility. The next day being Good Friday, amongft other folemnities, they carried the Image of Chrift on a fheet, fupported by the four corners, in proceffion, with banners of the Paffion: firft to tlie place where’ he was imprifoned, then in order to the other ; performing at each their appointed Devotions. Laying it where they fay he was fixed on the Crofs , the Frier-preacher made over ita fhort and paflionate Oration; who aéted his part fo well, that he begot tears in others with his own, and taught them how to be forrowfull. At length they brought it to the place, where, they fay, he was imbalmed : where the Pater-guardian annointed ‘the Image with {weet Oyls, and Arewed it with Aromatick powders, and from thence conveyed it to the Sepulchre. At night the lights put out, and company removed, they whipped themfelves in their Chappél: of Mount Calvary, On Sunday their other folemnities performed, they carried the Crofs in proceifion, with the banners of the burial, to the st a aid LLB. 33 Setts of Chriftians bere celebrating Eafter. 33 faid Chappel, creeping to it, kiting, and lying groveling over it. On Eafter day they faid folemn Service before the door of the Sepulchre. The whole Chappel covered onthe out-fide with.clothof Tiffue; the gift (as appéarerh by the arms im- broydered thereon) of the Florentine. Inthis they fhewed the variécy of their Ward- robe; and conclude with a triumphant proceflion, bearing about the banners of the Refurrection. Thofe ceremonies thataré not local, I willingly omit, At noon we de- parted to the Monaftery , having lain on the hard {tones for three nights together, and fared as hardly. badesedreysits ahi hoas eee © The other Chriftians (ex¢epting fuchas inhabit, within) of each fort a few, and thofe of the Clergy) entred not until Good-friday being Grectans, Armenians, Cop- ties, Abi ffens, Facobites, Georgians, Maronites, and Neftorians. Of the Grecians,C optics, and Armenians no more fhall be {aid (fince We have fpoken of chem already) then concerns the celebration of this Feftival; - shtigtiskr oly .ageya sees The Abiffens or eAthiopians be defcendéd of the curfed generation of Chas. Bur their Emperours do derive themfelves from Solomon, of one begotten by him on the Queen of Saba: In regard whereof they have ever. favoured that Nation. They received the Doctrine of Chrift from the Eeuch inftcu&ed by Philip: which in the Year of our Lord 470.:did: generally propagate thorowout all ethiopia, under the Reign:of 4érahamand Asha, two brethren:. Who whereupon. were {tiled the Propagators and Defenders of the Chriftian Religion ;. Abraham. out-living his brother: (and. after his owri death canonized by their Clergy) to avoid diffention in his pofterity; (fo advired, as they fay, by a Vilion) was he that firtt confined the Royal progeny within -high and un-afcendable. mountains s having onely one en- tracey and that impregnably fortified. ..A cuftome obferved this to day : wherein they enjoy Whatfoever is ftfor Delight, or Princely Education. Out.of thefe, if the Emperour die fon-leffe, -a Succeflour is chofeny) of fuch a fpirit as their prefent af- fairs do require. There have they che, goodlieft Library in the World: Where many books that aré loft with us, or but meetly mentioned, are kept intire, as hath been lately reported.by a SpamjhFrier that hath feen them, if we may believe him: among{t which, they fay,.are the Oraclesof £zech (with other ee that efca- ped the Flood, Engraven by him upon pillars) and.written in their Vulgar Lan- guage... The Prielts:do marry: butonce, they Labour for their Livings, and have their preferments given them by the King. . They fhave their Heads, and fofter their Beards,conitrary to the Laity. The chief of them are Judges in caufes as well Civil, as Ecclefiattical. They acknowledge the Patriarch of Alexazdria for their Primate, I mean the Patriarch of the Circumcifed. Piétures they have in their Churches, but no carved Images ; neither beftow they upon them any undue Reverence. They ad= mitof no Crucifixes: The Crofle they ufe as a Badge of theit profeflion, and ac- cording to the firt Infticution, Men and Women are both circumcifed, not asa matter of Religion, but asthe Coprres do,out of an ancient cuftome of. their Nation their Priefts fay, that they now doit inimitation of our Saviour. They Baptizenor che male until Forty, nor the Female until threefcore days old.; and if it die in the meantime, they fay, that che Eucharift received by the Mother when it was in her Womb, is fufficient to fave it. Upon the twelfth day, they Baptize yearly ; and have certain ponds and Lakes referved for that purpofe; Which they do not Sacramentally, butin memorial that Chrift was at this day Baptized by fobz in Fore dan; 4 coftome introduced not paft an Hundred Year fince, by a King of e£thiopia. They receive the Eucharift in both kinds; but with Unleavened Bread ; nor {pit they allthe day after, Incenfe they ufe and holy-water- Confefle they do, batnot greatly in private. The Lent is moft ftri@ly obferved by them - wherein they eat little but Herbs arid Fruits, and that not until Sun-fet.. During which time, not a few of their priefts do flie the concourfe of men; lying in caves and Défarts, and infli€ting on themfelves exceffive penance, They abftain from fuch meats as were prohibited tothe Fews, and celebrate the Saturday as well as the Sunday. All the Pafsion-week they forbear to fay Mafs; putting on mourning Garments, and countenances fuitable. They ufe no extream-Unétion, but carry the Dead to the Grave with the crofs, the Cenfer and holy-Water; and fay Service over them. Toconelude, they joyn with the Coptses for the moft part, in fubftance of Religion, and in ceremony, one Prieft here ferving both: an e/£thopian, poor, and accom- panied with few of his Nation; who fantaftically clad, doth Daice in their procelsi- ons witha skipping motion, anddiftortion of his body, not unlike to our Antiques. Towhich their Mulick is anfwerable; ae Inftruments no other chen faappers, gine 3 gles, 134 Seéis of Chriftians bere celectating Eafter. “ETB. 3. ; sles, and round bottom’d Drums, born apott heibdick of onepiand benten ous “the followers. sl 3 : The Jaccbites'are'fo called of Facobusthe Syriav, ‘ancobfenreFellow, andof nore: putation ; who for his poverty: ‘was named: Zanzalas.°\He infected thefe |Couunsr e's with divers hetetical opifiors : amongit=the’reit, chat pscoabionsr vcs pai paflible, and confafed with his Manhoodio Fireysmarktheir Children before Baptifni with the fign of the Crofs,’: They tife not aiwricular corfeffien si pray pot for the dead’ rejea the opition of Purgatory ; believe that the foul doth rett in the:Grave with the. Body, and fhall fo do ‘till Chrifts fecord coming, ThePrieitsdo marry;cand they in. both kinds Communicate in theSacrament.' They reje@ the fourth Synod pandautho- tity of the’ Fathers. This Se¢t began in the: days of the Emperour A¢aurjtsas,..dulpers fing through the Cities of -S9rva, Mefopotamia, and Chaldea'; spermndersother. haines ‘their Religion exteadech far further, the Copties and JA Lpemtnitcueteedepte other then facobites. They had two Patriarchs’; one relideritinthe Mountam /arjthe other in the Monaltery of Giftaayneer unto the City Azodsa5 feated (they fay). on fo hich a mountain, ‘that no Bird Miethover its) Bat now: they have but one Patriarchy and that he of Giftan, always'a'Monk of ‘thé Order of Stsi.4 bony, and namedigvats~ as. filing himfelt the Patriatch of Axtioch’s who-for: thé more conveniencyy1s «ré-. moved to Carmit. They have a'Bifhop fill -reliding-in Ferofalens’, the «Pattiarch whereof ido Jacobire.: OOIgiO. AsiatinD 07 to a «Patt The Georgians d fer aot muchfrom the Greeians im their opinions ; no? caidedlo(as fome write) of Saint’ Georg?"their felected Patton, ‘but of their Countréy3‘fonamed long ‘before the'time wherein he is {uppofedto havelived - ‘lying’between Colchos, Cancafas, the Cafpian Seas and Armenia « here*ofore Iberia atid: Albania. | aeiieiiee People, infelted' on both tides wich=the Tri arid Perfianinfolencies. ‘They havea Metropolitan’ of their owh ;'fome fa; “the fame that: issrefident in: mount Sinar, They fay that they marry Within prohibited degrees :othiey “are divided ipto eighteen Bithopricks; and are not hereto be: aitiniastthied ‘eqen the! Syriaieye ioe! chey from them, ‘being almoit of one Religion * avid *ealled-Melchites heretofore. of «their: Ad- Werlaries, which fisnifieth a Kiug'in the Spvva'tongue : for: that ‘they would -notoim- brace ‘the Herefies of Entyches dnd Dioféorasy: but obeyed’ the: Edi&t of ‘the Em perour, ‘and Cotncil of Chalcedon! Their Patéfatch is the true Patriarch of Adtioch, who abides in’ Damafco, for that Atioch lies row well’nigh' defolate. The Bifhop is here poor, fo are his‘ Ornaniéats ;“in' theif proceflions, seethatey ‘eviinredard UF Rigage, fappdrred’on ‘both fidés/--Their ‘ntofick-lefle’ Inftruments are fansof Brafs, Fung about with Rings, which ‘they ‘ginglein flops according to their march- ings. | a ie othe Maronites ave Chriftiatis inhabiting ‘thount Libanus: fo called of AZavonaa village adjoyning, orof AZaro'their Abbot, They ufe the'Cha/deaa tongue, -and:S7- rian charaétér, in holy matters.’ A limbthey'were of the Facobees, and once fubject to the Patriarch of Antioch’: but won tothe Papacy by Joh. Baptifi a Jefuite, inthe idayes of Gregory the thirteenth, who fent'them a Catechifm printed! at Rome.in i. Arabian language ? fo that now they'do joyn with the Larenes, \ An ignorant people, éafily drawn to any Religion; that could not givé ‘a reafon-for their Anfwer to all th’unkuown relate as known: Omnia refponde ; nec santum fi qua rogabit, Er qua nefcitis, uc bene nota refer. Ovid. who endeavour to bring all remarkable places within the compafs of their proceffions. The Mahometans,either deceived with this tradition,or maintaining the report for their profit, would not fuffer us to enter but at an exceflive rates which we retufed to part with. The next mountain unto this doth wear on his crown the ruines of a Caftle that belonged to the Maccabees, Another more humble, and neerer the City, prefenteth a ‘pile of ftones, fquare, flat, and folid: the fepulchre, they fay, of the feven brethren who were tortured to death by Aatiochus.. Whom I rather judge to have been buried at Modi the antient feat of that family ; which ftands on the uttermoft confines of the mountains of Fzdea,where were to be feen feven fepulchres of white marble,each bear- ing aPyramis on his fquare ; faid by Fofephus to have ferved,in his ume,for fea-markse From hence we approached the North-wett-fide of the City, where, in the vineyards, are fundry places of burial hewn out of the main rock; -amongft the reft, one. called the Sepulchre of the Prophets. The firft entrance large, and like the mantle-tree of a chimney ; cut curioufly on the out-fide : thorough which we crept into a little {quare room, (every one carrying a light in his hand ) the fides cut full of holes (in manner of a Dove-houfe : ) two yards deep, and three quarters fquares Out of that room we de- {cended by two ftraight pailages into twa otier rooms, likewife under ground: yet more fpacious, and of better workmanfhip, but {o roundediwith the Sepulchres as the former : neighboured with a vault,which ferves for acitein, and is filled with a living fountain, A litele beyond, vpon the Wett-lide of a large fquare court, hewn into the rock fome three fathoms deep, and entred under the arch of the fame, there is another manfion for the dead, having a porch like to that of the Prophets: and garnifh’d with= out (amongftother figures) with two sreat clufters of grapes; in memorial of thofe, as they fay, which were brought by the fpies into the hoaft of the Hebrews; On the {eft hand you creep thorow a difficult defcent, which Jeadeth into fair rooms under. the ground,and one within another ;sbenched: about with Coffins of ftone bereft.of their covers, there being: fome bones +yet remaining in fome of them, This is famed to be the houfhiold Monument of certain of the Kings of Fudah.. In which there is noe thing more adinirable, than is the artificial contriving of the dores , the hinges and all, of the felf-fame ftone, unfeparated from the rock without other fupplement.. , Hitherto ( if no further ) by all likely-hood the City extended. -From hence.we returned to the Covent. , The day following we rid towards Bethlehem, which ftands about .fix, miles South from Ferufalem. Goingroutof the Gate of Foppa and.turning.on the left Lig. >. The way to. Bethlehem. : 137 A The ruines of Davids tiwer. Lip honour of the Bleffed Virgin, B Beth{hebas fountain. L The fepulchre of Rachel. C The tarpeatzne tree. M Ramah: oO D The towes of Simeore N Ihe ciftera of David E The cifbera of the Saget. O rhe Monafiery of Bethlehem. FE The charch of Habakbuk. P The houfe of Jofeph. n G The Monaftery of Elias. The Village af the Shepherds: H Elias avs image. Rhee they kept their {heep. 1 Lecobs howe. S The mowatains of Bethutia. K The field where the Inbabitants gather little flones To The mountains of Avabra. like peaft,and (ell them to Pilgrems who keep chem \ V The Monaftery éf the boly Crofs. hand by the foot of mount of Sioz, Alofton whofe uttermoft angle ftood the Tower of David (whofe ruines are yet extant) of a wonderful itrength and admirable beau- ty, adorned with fhields, and the Armes of the Mighty.:) Below. on the.right hand of the way in our pallage, they fhewed us a Fountain at the South-fide of a {quare Seraglio, delivered to be that wherein Beth{heba bathed. .North of which, the valley is crofled with a ruinous Aquaduét, which conveyed water tnto the Temple of So/o- mon, Afcending. the oppofite mountain,: we pafled thorow a Countrey, hilly, and ftony ; yet not utterly forfaken of the Vine, though onely planted by Chriftians, in many places producing corn, here fhadowed with the Fig-tree, and there, with the Olive. Sandry {mall Turrets are difperfed about, which ferve for folace, as well as forfafe-gard. Some two miles from the City, on the left hand, and by the High- way-lide, there sroweth a Turpentine-tree, yet flourifhing; which is faidto have afforded a fheiter tothe Virgin AZary, as fheipafled between Bethlehem, and Ferufa- Jem. This tradition however abfurd, 1s generally believed by thofe Chriftians,a place of ‘high repute in their Devotions. Towards the Weft, about two miles off, ona little Hill Qands a ancient Tower,. whichis faid to have been the Habitation of Si- meon. Amile beyond the fore-faid tree, inthe midit of cheway, there is a ciftern, vatt within, and {quare at the mouth, which is called the ciftern of the Star. » For that (as they fay) the Wife-men of the Eaft, there firlt again did fee that conducting Star, which went before them to the place of our Saviours Nativity. Alittle on the right hand, there are the {mall remaines of an ancient Monaftery, built, they af- firm, in that place where the Angel took up Habakkuk by the hair of the Head, and conveyed him to Babyloz. Half a mile further, on the left-fide of the way, there is another Religious Honfe, but in good repair, in form of a Fortrefs, andenvironed with high Walls, to withftand the infolencies of the Infidels; poflefled by the Greek, Coloieros, and dedicated to Elvas. Hard by, there isa flat Rock, whereonthey told us that the Prophet accuftomed to fleep, and that it bears as yet, the impreflion of his body. Indeed there are certain hollows in the fame, but not by mine eyes appre- hended toretain any Manly proportion. As far beyond, are the decays of a Church, which ftood (as they fay) in the place where the Patriarch Facob inhabited, Abouta mile further Weft of the way, and a little off, ftands the Sepulchre of Rachel, (by the Scripture affirmed to have been buried hereabout) if the intirenefs thereof do not confute the imputed antiquity, yet kept perhaps in repair by her off-{pring as a monu~ ment of venerablememory. The tomb it felf refembleth a great trunck, covered with a Cupolo, mounted on a fquare, which hath on each fide an ample Arch fuftain= ed onely by the corners. This is invironed with a four-fquare Wall, within which ftand two other Sepulchres, little, but of the fame proportion ; kept, and ufed fora place of prayer by the Mahometans. Below itonthe fideof a mountain, ftands the ruines of that Rama, whereof the Prophet: 4 voice was heard sn Rama, Rachel weeping for her children, &c: From this ridge of the Hills, the Dead-Sea doth aps pear asif near athand, but not fo found by the Traveller; for that thofe high de- clining mountains are not, to be dire@ly defcended. Within half a mile of Bethle- hem, feparated from the fame by a Valley, and a little on the left hand of the way, are the Cifterns of David, whereof he fo much defired to drink, and when they brought him of the water, he refufed it: A large deep Vault, now out of ufe, having onely two fmall Tunnels at the top, by which they draw up the wae, ter. And now we are come to Bethlehem, fir called Ephrat, of Ephrata, the wife of Caleb. A-City of David, the long poffeffionof his Anceftors, and not the leaft a- mongft the Princes of Juda; feated on the utmottof the Ridge of a Hill, Qretching Eaft and Weft; in a happy fail, -and-moft delicate profpect. | : ; s me | See IN o indy ath} ‘vee For : 138 Betblebem. LIB. 3. © Sola magnarum urbium, Of Cities greater thenthe Great Major Bethlehem, cui contigit O Bethlehem, inthe happy birth Ducem falutis ccelitus, Of God and man, from Heavens high feat Ineorporatum gignere. Quany Stella qua Solis rotam Wincit decore ac lumine, Come te incorporate with Earth, ue Lost, Mans Redeemer, frail, divine ; *enifle terris nunciac When born declar’d by that fair Star * um carne terreftri Deum. To wandring eyes , which did out-fhine Pradeeie sae The radiant Saints flame bearing carr. For when Auguftus Cafar had appointed, that all the World fhould be Taxed, every one repaired unto the City of his Family ; and Foleph with Mary came up to Bethlehem, where in a Grot at the Eaft-fide of a City, imployed for a Stable (che Inn being peftred with ftrangers) fhe fell in Travel, and produced unto the World a Saviour. In this cave fromthe time of Adrian, unto the reign of Con(lan- tine, they celebrated the impions lamentation of Adexs (much honoured by the Syrians) who above had his Statue fhadowed with a Grove of Mirtles. Which the finually-refident) and calle ca VP appaise Ee é Pt : : aa latforme GOND) ; } the tr i \ a Bell MA ee y - of out Sausouts mater “af At G) y 1% / y Rf a Z yy Y mY 4 Y yi f AY A | y - ; (eee i | iy . y Ye CXICKWORVoRyoRwey, Y 7 ; OOBARAHRaRBAAH, y lemmi, | } Wess a Via ee % 4 ve 4// f Y tt to tee ed i | on] | on | 4, i {at poinoooooaoo | SSS sas aa a 5 og A g nigpioooodae sa | = “ SSSA SGA SASS A ome ety) pL STN TESTE TS THC AN | H WZ ‘bi. AVA WGA 7 Lia if j | WE Se ae Se) Ce ay ict i ay Y y nt | g wom) Bw Meee SE ty Wt ene ; y Y y 5 aie egs ee B Y Yj 4 Y y Yd Ladd fd hae Y, Y 4) y h ! y Y Y j ; 7 Y y Y V7 4S Y Y ye | ya sey y a boast Y Gi Y y y Ff Z i He iy 4 y AMA MELLD vA LTE LAE Pn A = * came? y Y f i ey yr Y g L ey Y Y Y Yj Z iy y 4 Y Y y iy y { B. Thefecond, _ Uity, ec, under ground, M. The dividing room, C. The body of the church, | G. The Chappel of S, Katherine. N, The ruined tower. ° : D. The Chappel of the Grecians, W.TheVelry, = = O. The lodging of the Armenians, @. The Altar of the Circumcifion, 1, Fhe Portico, P. The lodging of the Grecianse Bo The Coancel,with the delineatia K, The Garden. a Crofs Wirt L 86.0%. Bethlehem. is : 139 aCrofs; the ftalk whereof comprifeth the body, and is entred at the lower end thorow 4 portico fultained with fixteen pillars. The Roof, in the midft, is lofty, flat, and (if I forget not) of Cedar ;_ the fides of the fame Fabrick (but much more humble) are upheld with four ranks of pillars, ten in a row, each of one entire marble white, and in many places beautifully {peckled ; the largeft, and faireft that ever I {aw ; whofe upper ends do declare, that they have in part been exquifitly gilded. The Walls are flagsed with large Tables of white Marble; well-nigh to the top; the reft adorned with Mofaique painting, although now greatly defac'd. It is both here Reported and Recorded by Hiftory, that a Satan of Egypt allured with their beauty, fet certain Mafons on work, to take down thofe Tables, with intent to have ~ granfported them unto his Caftleof Cara ; whena dreadful Serpent iffued out of the Wall, and brake in pieces fuch as were removed, fo that terrified therewith, he de- (ifted from his enterprife. The three upper ends of the crofs, do end in three femi- circles, having ineachan Altar. In the midft ftands a Chancel, roofed with a {tate- ly Cupulo, covered without with Lead,and garnifhed within with Mofaique figures. This Church is left for the moft part defolate, the Altar naked, no Lamps maintain- ed, no Service celebrated, except at times extraordinary : yet are there afew poor Greeks and Arminians, who inhabit within on the right hand of the entrance, and in the oppofite corners. Adjoyning on the left hand ftands the Monattery of the Frase:J- cans, eatred thorow the Church, fufficiently fpacious, but of no commendable butld- ing, accommodated with divers Gardens, and invironed with defencible walls ; at whofe North-weft corner, a tottered Tower doth challenge regard for the waite re ceived in that places protection. They brought us into their Chappel, not flightly ‘fet forth,and dedicated to'S. Katherine,having Indulgencies conferred thereupon from mount Size’, From which we defcended with lights in our hands, and then were Jed aha lL A. The Altar of Nativity. F, The Chappel of the Liko= Euffochizs B. The Manger. Cems. _. «KS. Jeroms findy. 5 ©. The Altay of the Magi. 'G. The Sepulchre of Eufebius, L. The afcent inte the Chappel of D. The fidirs that afcendintethe The Sepulchre of Saint Je~ S. Kaiberine, Mat ‘ temple aboves | |. 10M ee M. The Chappell of S. Kathersneo BE, The entry. 1. The Sepulchre of Paulo and N, The Oratories, by anarrow long entry, into a little fquare cave, fupported in the midft with a pillar of the Rock. On the left hand ftandsian Altar,and under. thatis.a paflage into a Vault, | wherein they fay, thatthe Infants flain'by the ‘bloody Edict of Herod, were buried. Outof thiscaveor Chappel, there are two other entries ; an thar.on che right hand, flands the Sepulchre of Eufebins the confeffor; and difciple unto S. fereme. This dire- Seth into another Grot, wherein aré two Tombs, in form not unlike unto ae - ce arther 140 Bethlehert. “LE LB. 2: farther contai ed the body of Paula agRoman Lady, defcended of the ancient fami- pitapa ¢ . : “* eet PICA A seal ee 1 lies of Gracchi, and Cornel, who ftands indebted to S. Jevom for this cprta me et bite peat ‘ Scipio quam genuis Paulz fudere parentes, Scipio begot who Paula bore, Th off-{orira oe foboles Agamemnonis inclyta proles, Of Gracchus, of the fam’d DMiceniau King, oc jarce in pummala saat) Bare Here lies ; ear St Paula called : mother to Euftochii genetrix : Romani prima Senatus, Pauperem Chrifti Bethlemitica rura fequata. Exuftochias, chief of Romes grave Senat ; whe To Chrift and Bethlem vow'd, bade pomp adicm. ingraving alfo onthe Front of the Entrance, Afpicis anguftum precifa rupe fepulehrum 2 Seest thou this Tomb hewn inthe growing flone ? Hofpitium Paulz eft, coeleftia regna tenentis, Tis Paula's Inn, poff est of Heavenly throne, Fratrem, cognatos, Romam, Patriamque relinquenss ppp, leaving eK indeea, Romeo a ipsa Divitias, fobolem, Bechlemita conditur antro ~ Hic prefepe tuum, Chrifte, atque hic miftica Magi Her birth,wealth,children,lies + Bethlems Cave. Munera portantes hominique Deoque dedere, Chrift, here’s thy Cratch : the Wife did hither bring \ Myfferious gifts to God, to Man, a King. Her fon Exflochins lies with her in the felf-fame Monument. She built four Mona- {teries near adjoyning to this Temple (whofe ruines do yet give teftimony of her Pie- ty, one the planted with men,the three other with Virgins, who never paft the bounds of their Covents but on Sundays onely) and then attending on, their feveral Gover- neffes, to perform their Oraifons in. the Church, and Cave of the Nativity : her felf the Abbefs of one of them, and fo for the fpace of twenty years did continue. She likewife built an adjoyning Hofpital for Pilgrims, whofe ruines declare it to have been — no mean Fabrick. The other Tomb did cover the body of S. erome, who lived in her time, and in the Monaftery which fhe had founded : his bones, together with the bones of Eafebins, were tranflated to Rome, and fhrined in the Church of Santa Ma-~ via Maggiore, over which Pope Sixtus Quintus hath erected a fumptuous Chappel. Out of this we paftinto another Grot, which they call his Cell, wherein he lay (as they fay) full fifty years, and fix months, and there twice tranflated the Bible. Re- turning into the afore-faid Chappel of the Innocents, by the other entry we pafled intoa Vault or Chappel, aa ~ \\ “aan nn I the Natiibe “\{e A The altay of the Nativity. PD The fiairs that afcend into he Teniple above. | Beuaee E, The pidkure of the imaginary figare of Saint Ferom. G The altar of the Magi, . : | twelve LJ BoB. Bethlehem. ) 141 twelve foot wide; forty long, and fifteen in height, the fides and floor all lined with fair white marble: the compafled roof adorned with Mof-work, and Mofaick gild- ing, though now much perifhed. At the upper end,in an arched concave, ftands an Al- tar garnifhed with a table of the Nativity. Under this is a femicircle: the fole fet torth with ttones of feveral colours, in the form of aftar ; and in the midft a Serpen- tine, there fer to preferve the memory of that place where our Saviour was born. The credit whereof I willneither impeach nor inforce. In this City it was, and in a Sta- ble; nor is che report by the fite refuted, thongh under ground, hewn out of the Aiving rock, as is tue reft before fpoken of. For hethat travels through thefe Coun- treys, will not wonder to fee fuch caves imployed to like ufes. Neither is it likely, that they that fucceeded thofe times fo neerly, fhould erre in that place fo celebratéd in their devotions, and beautified with fuch coft. On either fide of this Altar, in the corners, there are two equal afcents, which land on tne oppolite ont-fides of the Chan- cel, clofed with dores of brafs cut thorow: thorow which they pafs in their folemt proceffion. ’ Now on the South-lide, and neer unto the foot of the ftairs, you defcend by three fteps intoa leffer Grot; feparated only from the former by chree fine co- lumns of divers-coloured marble, which feem to fupport the over-hanging rock. - On the Weft-ide there is a manger hewn out in a concave, about two feet high from the floor, anid.a little way hollowed within ; wherein, they fay, that our new-born Sa- viour waslaid by the Virgin ; now flagged about with white marble, as the rock that roofs it; at the left end fuftained with a fhort Serpentine pillar. In the bottom of this manger, and jultinthe middle, around Serpentineis fet, to denote the place where he lay, which retainech, as they would make-us believe, the effigies of S. Jerome ; mi- raculoufly framed by the natural veins of the ftone, in reward of his often and affe- &tionate kifles, But furely,they be the eyes of faith that muit apprehend it* yet pre- fent they it inpiéture, as it is fet forth in the former table.Ouche oppofite fide of this Grot there is.a bench in the rock, not unlike toan Altar, where the 772g: of the Eaft, that were conduéted hither by the Star, difpofed,as they fay, of their Prefents: Whom they of Colez will have to be Kings, and three ia number: and moreover, that they re- turned no more into their Countreys, but came, and dwelt in their City; where, in- - their principal Church, thefe verfes are extant: Three K ings, the King of Kings, three gifts did bring, Tres Reges, Regi Regum; tria dona ferebant § Myrrhe, Incenfe, Gold ; as. to Man, God, a Ki ng. Myrrham homini,unéto aurum,thura dedere Deos Three holy gifts be likewile given by thee Tu tria fac Itidem dones pia munera Chrifto; : . Muneribus gratus fi cupis efle tuis. To Chrift, even fuch as ace ept able be, | Pro Myrfha lachrymas,auro cor porrige purum, Por Myrrha, tears: for F ranckincen{e impart Pro thure,ex humili peCtore funde preces. Submi ffive prayers : for pure Gold, a pure heart. Thefe places be in the keeping of the Prancifcans: and not lefs reverenced than Cal- vary,or the Sepulchre: vilited alfo by the A7ahometan Pilgrims. Where lamps. ftll burning do expell the natural darknefs ; and give a greater flate thereunto’ than the light of the day could afford it, Ba/dwiz the fecond did honour this place with an Epifcopal See ( being before but a Priory) annexing thereunto, together with the Church of Afcalon, many towns and villages. In the place where this City ftood, there are now but a few poor cottages ftanding. Moft of the few Inhabitants Greeks and Armenians: who get a beggarly living by felling unto ftrangers the models of the Sepulchre, and of the Grot of the Nativity; cut in Wood, or catt in ftone, with crofles, and fuch like Merchandize; and in being ferviceable unta Pilgrimse. a | After dinner we defcended afoot into the valley which lyeth Eaft of the City; fruitfubin pafturage : where Facob fed his flock ( at this day called, his field) neer the ‘tower of “der. But more famous for the Apparition of the Angels, who chere bronght to the Shepherds the glad tidings of our falvation. In the midft of the field, on the felf-fame place, as is f{uppofed, and two miles diftant from Bethlehem, Saint Helena erected a Church, and dedicated it to the Angels; now, Nothing but ruines. Returning front thence,'and-turning a little.on, the left .hand,..we. came to the village where thofe Shepherds dwelt, as yet fo called. In the midft whereof there flandetina Wel} ; thefame, as the rumor goeth, that, the, blefled Virgin defired to drink of,. when the churlifh villagers refuling to daw her. up water, it forthwith _ miraculonfly flowed tothe.brim, greedy ‘to pats tharow her bleffed dips, fash Ay! sits She ain a samt oats WIA TTT ASe i ees al) 142 : Mountain of Fudea. Li be 2: fie herlonging.. Of this the 4rabs.would not fuffer us to drink before we had given them money. Neerer to Bethlehens, and at the foot of the hill, are the raines of a Chap- pel, where Fofeph (as they fay ) had his dwelling at {uchtime as the Angel comman- ded him’ to flye into Egypt. Neer the top, and not far from the back of the Monaftery, there is a cave Containing two rooms, one within another, defcerded into by a narrow entrance, and in fome places {upported by pillars. In this,it is faid, that Fofeph hid our Saviour and his mother, whilft he prepared things neceflary for his journey. The {tone thereof pulveriz’d and often wafhea, of much a little will remain, not unlike to re- fined chalk ; which taken in drink, is faid to have a fovereign virtue in reftoring milk both to women and cattel; muchufed by the Acres themfelves for that purpofe. Over this fod one of the Nunneries built by Paa/2,not only fhewing the foundation; and wherein fhe died. Thefe places feen, we re-entred the Monaftery, and there re- pofed our felves the night following. Each of us beftowing a piece of gold on the Vicar, betimes in the morning we departed bending our courfe to the Mountains of Fédea, lying Welt from Bethlehem. Neer to which, on the fide of the oppofite hill, we pa by a little vil- lage called, as I take it, Bexec (inhabited only by Chriftians :) mortal (as they fay ) tothe AMahemetaus that attempted to dwell therein. About two miles further we paffed by Berhfur , feated in a bottom between two rocky mountains; once a ftrong fort : firft built by Rehoboam, and after repaited by the AZaccabees ; famous for fundry fieges ; being in the upper way between Ferxfalem and Gaza. Where we faw the ruines of an ample Church: below that a fountain, not unbeholding to Arc; whofe pleafant waters are forthwith drunk up by the earth that pro- duced them. Here, they fay, that P/:/ip baptized the Eunuch; whereupon it re- taineth the name of the ethiopian fountain. And no queftion. but the ad- joyning Teniple was ereéted ont of devotion to the honour of the place, and memory of the fact. Yet feemeth it {trange unto me, thata Chariot fhould be able to pafs thofe rocky and declining mountains, where almoft a horfe can hardly keep footing. Having travelled about a mile and a half further, we came to the cave Aol) — io ‘e bees 1 = yy hie oN Wt: iM iY Wy )) Lp ( Wy) N ij) if / } \ SSsssss S \ = — AThDPah © The Fowitain: ‘B TheGave of Saint Fon Baptist) -DThe rains ofthe Monten. ; where Jobs Baptift is faid to have lived from the age of feven, untill fuch time as be went unto the wildernefs by Fordan ; fequeftred from the abode of men, and feeding on fuch wild nourifhment as thefe un-inhabited places afforded. This Cave is feated on LIB. 3. Mountains of Juda. 143 on the Norchern-fide of a defart mountain. (onely. beholding to. the Locuft Tree) hewn out of the precipitating Rocks fo as difficultly to be afcended or de{cended to: entred.at the Ealt-corner, and receiving light from-a Window in the fide. At the upperend there is a Bench of. the felf-fame Rocks, whereon (as theyfay) he accu- fromed to flzep; of which whofa breaks.a piece-,off; ftands forth-with excommu- nicate. Over this,on a little flat, ftand the ruines of a, Monaltery,: on the South-fide, naturally walled with the fteep of a-Mountain : from, whence.there gufheth. a living Spring which eatreth the Rock, andiagain burfterh forth beneath the mouth of the Caves A place: that! would make folitarinefs delightful, and ftand in comparifon with the turbulent pomp of Cities». Ditis over-lookerh, a profound Valley, on the far Gde hem’d with afpiring mountains ; whereof fome.are cut (or, naturally fo) in de- grees like Allies, which would. be -elfe naacceilialys fruitlefs.; whole levels yet bear the fumpsof decayed Vines: fhadowed.-nov rarely,,evith Olives.and Locults. And furely; Ithiak thatallor mott of thofe mountains have-been fo husbanded.; elte could this little Countrey havenever'fultained fnch a.multicade of; people... After we had fed of fuch provifionsas.wasibrought ns from the Citys by other ofthe Fraternity chat there met. us we turned towards Ferufalens, leaying the way of Bethlehem on, the righthand, and thatiot -Emass onthedleft. The'firtt place of note that.we. met with was there where once ftood the dwelling of Zachary g: feated om the fide of. a fruitful 270. 3 15S Th PIO FAR Bg bien A; The Chuch of Fon Baptift., B, The Fountain, C. The houfe of Elizabeeh. fill, well ftored with Olives, and Vineyards.Hither came the bleffed Virgin to vilit her coufen Elizabeth. Here died Elizabech; and herein a,Grot on-the fide ofa Vault or Chappel, lies buried ; ‘over which a eoodly Churchwas: Erected, together with a Monattery ; whereof now \little tandétli ‘but a part of the Walls; which offer to the view fome fragments of Painting, which fhew that the reft have been exquilite. Beyond, and lower;is:our Ladies Fountain, (fo called of the Inhabitants) which main- taineth a little current through the neighbouring Valleys, Neer thissin a bottom,and utter moft extent thereof, there ftandeth a Temple; once fumptuous, now defolate : “puiltby Helena, and dedicated to S. Foha Bapest, in the place where Zachary had ano- ther honfe : where the Prophet was bornin a roomsfiewn out of the Rock ; of princi- pal devotion with thofe Chriftians : poffeft, 'as the reft, by the beaftly Arabians, who defile it with their Cattel, and employ it tothe bafeftiof aufes. ‘Tranfcending che Jefs‘{teep hills, and paiing thorow Valleys of their. Rofes> voluntarily: plentiful, after 'a-while we came toa Monaftery, featedina ftraight between two rocky moun- tains EB, 3: ~ Mountains of Sion. 2. 4igQ tains, environed with high Walls, and entred bya door of Iron; where a Bithop of the Georgians hath his relidenceé, who courteoufly entertained us. © Within they have a handfome Ghappel, at the upper erid an Altar, and under that a pit, in which they fay, that the palm did grow (but rather, if -any, the Olive, whereof that place hath ftore) of whicha part of the Crofs was made. For it was framed (as they report). of four feveral woods ; the foot of Cedar, the bole of Cyprefs, the tranfome of palm, and the title of Olive. Thisis called, thereupon; The Monaftery of the holy Grofs. Where, in ftead of Bells, they ftrike on a ‘hollow beam (as the Grecrans do in the Temple of Golgorha) tofummontheir Affemblies.. Betweenthis and Ferufalem, we faw nothing worth noting, that hath not been fpoker of already. The day following, we went to review the remarkable places about the City; paffing by the Caftle of the Pi/aas, on thé left hand entring at a little {quare paflage, we were fhewed a {mall Chappel, the Door‘and Windows rammed up ; for that (as they fay) the Mahometans became mortally fick, that, though butby chance, did come into it = ftanding, where ftood the Temple of S. Thomas. From hence we were brought to the palace of danas, dettroyed by the Seditious, in the time of the Siege; where now ftandeth a Church dedicated to the bleffed Angels, and belonging to the Armenians, who have their dwelliigs about it. Within the court there is an old Oliveetree, en- vironed with alow Wall; unto which; it is faid, that they bound our Saviour. Turn- ing on the right hand,we went out at the port of Sion. South,and not far from thence; ass Bia ee ——— —S== A, A Mofasie;wobeie once Sood the Goesacalum, 4. "The fountitin of the bleffed Vineia: B; The Church of S. Saviour, where Sood the houfe K. The Bridg that paffeth over Gedren, with the Rock of Caiaphas. that bears the iimpreffion, as they fay, of (hiifts foota c, Wie Jews would have takes away thebody _—fleps. ; Chats of the Virgin Adary from she Aposttes, L. The Field of Blood. : PD. where Peter wept. M. Wheve certain of the Apeliies hid themfelues, BE. Port €fquitine _ N. The Mowataie of offence. a F, The Pool and fountain of Silot, O. Where the boufe of Annus the high Priest foo dé G. Where the Oake Rogel (toed. ‘ B. where the Franks ave buried, H, The (burch of the pwrificetion of the-bleffed Virg. Q. Port Siin. ~g “(WS mat thrift dia’ ea on the midft of the Mount, is the place, as they fay, where ¢ Supper; where alfo, after his Refurreétion, the doors being thot, heap his Apoftles; where they received the Holy Ghoft ; where “rer conver! thoufand ; and where, as they. fay alfo, they held the ae? Covne:l, inwh Apoftles Creed was decreed. Here Helena built.a mo § vas. “Temple, inclu ding therein the Cosnaculum ; where that marble pillac was pxelerved that food | 5 LLB. .a: Mount Sion. The valley of Gebinnon. 145 before inthe palace of Pr/ate, to which they tied our Saviour when they whipped him. This Church fubverted by the Saracens, ir cae felf-fame place, the #rax- cifeans had a Monaltery erected; who in the year 1561. were removed by the Turks: they building here a Mofque of their own, into which no Chriftian is ‘permitted toenter. Yet notin the retpects aforefaid, fo reverenced by the Infidels, but in that itis delivered by Tradition, (and not unlike) that Dazed had there this Sepul- chre. His Monument was enriched with a mafleof Tréafure, out of which Hirca- nus, 850 years after, took three thoufand Talents, to divert the Warre which ‘was tlireatned by Antiochus, Herod, with unlike fuccefs, attempted the like. For having already taken out a great fumme, and perfifting in his facriledg, a flame’ of fire brake out of the Tomb, and confumed divers of his inftruments. In expiation whereof, he adorned the fame with a ftately Monument; which ftood intire for a long time after. Between this and the walls of the City, the Frazks have their burial ; where lie fix Exglifb-men, (fentsas may be fufpected) unto their jong- homes not many years fince, though coloured by the Francifcans, in whofe Mona- ftery they lay, with pretence of Divine vengeance, for the {uppofed murder of their Drogaman, Seven they were in all, all alive, and well inone day, fix dead in the other ; the out-liver, becomming a convert to their Religion. Turning a little on the left hand we came to a {mall Church, enclofed within a fquare wall, arched within with a wall on the top, in manner of a Cave ; the habitation of the Armemans, who have of this Church the cuftody. Here flourifhed the proud palace of Caia= phas, in which our Saviour was buffeted, {pit upon, and fo fpitefully reviled. Here Helena built a fair Church to Saint Peters but that deftroyed, in the room thereof, this lefle was erected, and dedicated to Saint Saviour. On the right hand, in the Court, they undertook to fhew where the fire was made, by which Peter ftood, when he denied his Mafter : andat the fide of the Church door, the chapiter of a Pillar, whereon the Cock crowing, did move him to contrition. At the upper end of the Church, upon a large Altar, lieth a tone, that (as they fay) which was rolled againft the mouth of the Sepulchre. From hence we defcended into the Valley of Gehianon, which divideth mount Sron, from the mountain of Offence; fo called, for that Solomon; by the perfwalion of his wives, here facrificed to Chamoch,and Molech ; but now by thefe Chriftians, called, The mountain of ///-counfel, where, they fay, the Pharifees took counfel againft Jefus ; whofe height yet fhews the reliques of no mean buildings. This Valley is but ftraight, now ferving for little ufe; hereto- fore moft delightful, planted with Groves, and watered with Fountains; wherein - the Hebrews {acrificed their children to AZolech ; an’ Idol of Brafs, having the head of aCalf, the reft of akinply figure, with armes extended to receive the miferable faciéfice, feared to death with his burning embracements. For the Idol was hollow within, and filled with fire. And left their lamentable fhrieks, fhould fad the hearts of their Parents, the Prieftsof Aolech, did deaf their ears with the continual clangs of Trumpets,and Timbrels ; whereupon it was called the Valley of Tophet But the good Fofias brake the Idol in pieces, hewed down the Groves, and ordained that thac place (before a Paradife) fhould be,for ever, a receptacle for dead carkaffes,and the filth of the City. Gehexna, for the impiety committed therein, is ufed for Hell, by our Sa- viour. On the South-fide of this Valley, near where it meeteth the Valley of Fe- hofaphat, mounted a good height; on the fide of the mountain, is 4celdama, or the field of blood, purchafed with the reftored reward nf Treafon, fora burial place for Strangers. Inthe midft whereof, a large f{yuare room was made by the Mother of Conftantine s the South-fide walled with the natural Rock; flat atthe top, and equal with the upper level: out of which arife certain little Cupoloes, open in the midit, to let down the dead bodies. Thorow thefe we might fee the bottome all covered with Bones, and certain coarfes but newly let down, it being now the - Sepulchre of the Armenians. A greedy Grave, and great enough to devour the dead of awhole Nation.. For, they fay (and I believe it) that the earth thereof, within the fpace of eight and forty hours, will confume the flefh that isfaid chereon. The like is {aid of S$. £xnocents Church-yard in Paris; and he that fees the multitude of bones that are there piled about it, the daily burials ( it being a general recepta- clefor firangers) and {malnefs of the circuit, may be eafily induced to credit it. And why mighe not the earth be tranfported from hence, as well as that at Rome, in Cawspo Santto, - brought.thither in 270 fhips, by the commandment of the -aforefaid Emprefs? which, though changing foyls, retaineth her virtue; it be- _ ing alfoa place of burial for Forrainers.Inthe Rock about there ase divers Sepulchres, and The valley of Febofaphat. ~ex ee = z => — > == Nae, ; E The Mountain of offence. F Part of the volley of Febofaphat. G Part of the valley of Gehinnon. D The Field of Blood. aad fome in nfe at this day ; having great ftones rolled againft their months, accord- ing tothe ancient cuftome. Beyond,on the point of the hill, acave hewn out of the Rock, confifting of feveral Rooms, is faid to have hidden fix of the Apoftles in the time of Chrifts Paffion. Firft, made without doubt for a Sepulchre, and after fer- ving foran Hermitage ; the Roof of the larger room retaining fome fhew of gilding. Below, where the valley of Gehinnon, and Jehofaphat, like conjoyning ftreams,do tend, tothe South, there isadry Pit: wherethe Priefts arefaid to have hid the facred Fire, when the Jews were carried captive into Babylon; and feeking it after their return, did find it converted into Water. But Nehemsab caufed it to be fprinkled on the Altar, when forth-with, with the beams of the Sunne, it miraculonfly flamed. ‘This valley of Jehofaphat (fo called of that good King) from hence ex- rendeth full North, and then inclineth a little to the Welt, firft prefenting (though Natural) no other then a large dry Ditch to the Eaft of the City, contracted between it and the over-pearing Hills of the oppofite O/:ver, It is faid to be about: two miles long, andif fo, but fhort ones ; where broadeft fruitful: watered by the torrent Cedroz, which runneth no longer then fed with fhowres, lofing his inter- mitted ftreams in the Lake of -4/pha/tis. It was alfo called the Valley ot Cedrou, and of the King: Where the general Judgement fhall be, if the Jews or Latines may be believed, who ground their opinions upon che Prophecie’ of Joel; which I will not gain-fay, fince fome of our. Divines have, of late, fo laboured to ap- prove it. Of the fame Opinion are the ALahometans. In the Wall about it there is a Window, not farre from the Golden Gate, where they fay that Ad¢ahomer fhall fic whilft Chrift doth execute Juftice. Paffing to the City-fide of the Valley, ar the foot of the Hill, and Eait of the South-Eaft corner, is the place where the Prophet Efay was fawn afunder, by the commandment of Afanaffes his Grand-child by the Mother, and there buried; where there is a little Pavement ufed for a place of Prayer by the Afahometans. Clofe below this ftood the Oake Rognel, where now a white Mulberry is cherifhed. North of it, ina gut of the Hill (above which, in the wall, ftood the Tower) was the Fifh-pool of Si/oe, containing not above half an Acre of Ground, now dry in the bottome ; and beyond, the Fountain that fed it, now no other then a little Trench walled in on the fides, full of filthy water, whofe upper part is obfcured by a Building (as 1 take LIB.3.. Sepulchre of Zachary, Abfaloms Pillar. 147 take it, a Mofque) where once flourifhed a Chriftian Church, there built by Saint Helena. ‘Though deprived of thofe her falubrious ftreams, yet is the held in honour for their former virtues. Paffing along, we came to our Ladies Fountain (upon what occafion they fo callit, isnot worth the relating) ina deep cave of the Rock, de- {cended into by a large pair of ftairs, and replenifhed with pleafant waters. Here the Valley fireightneth, and a little beyond is no broader then ferves for a channel to the Torrent. Ontheother fide ftands the Sepulchre of Zachary, who was flain be- tween the Temple and the Altar ; all of the natural Rock, eighteen foot high, four: {quare, and beautified with Dorick Columns of the fame unfeparatedttone: fuftain- AA part of the Pillar of Abfalom.: © The Sepulchre of Zachary. B The cave ofS. James. . x D The torvent Cedron, ing the Cornifh, and topt like a pointed Diamond. ~ Clofe to this there 1s another m the upright Rock; the front like the fide of anopen Gallery, fupported with marble pillars, now between rammed up with ftones. ‘Within ts a Grot, whither fames re- tired (as they fay) after the Paffion of our Saviour, with purpofe never to have re- ceived fuftenance,until he had feen him; who in that place appeared usto him after his Refurre@ion. In memorial whereof, the Chriftians erected a Church hard by, whofe ruines are now ruined. Alittle farther, there is a fone Bridg of one Arch, which pafleth the Torrent. Ina Rock, at the foot thereof, there are certain impreffi- ons, made (as they fay) by our Savionrs feet, when they fed him thorow the water, At the Eaft-end of this Bridg, anda little on the North, ftands the Pillar of 42/alem, which he here ere&ted in his life-time, to retainthe memory of hisname, in that his iffue male failed: ( but he was not buried therein : ) being yet intire,and of a good Fa- brick, rifing ina lofty {quare ; below adorned with half Columnes, wrought out of the fide and corners of the Dorick form ;.and then changing into around, a good height higher doth grow to a point in fafhion of a Bell, all framed of the growing ftone. Againft this there lieth a great heap of ftohes, which increafeth daily. For both Jews and Afahomerans palling by, do throw ftones againft it, yet execrating 42-. falom for his rebellion againt David. Adjoyning there is alargefquare, but lower by far, which hath an entrance like the frontifpiece of aPorch, cut curioufly with- out, the earth almott reaching to the top of the entrance, having a Grot within hewn out of the Rock: fome fay, a\Kingly Sepulchre, perhaps appertatiing to the for- mer. A little more North, and upthe Torrent, at the foot of O/rvet,. once ttood the Village Gerhfemane ; the place yet fruitful in Olives : and hard by the cll re % Garden 148 Garden of Gethfem. Lhe B.Vir. Sepulchre. | LIB. 3. 4 B The gate of S. Steven. G. The bridg of the torrent, C where S. Steven was {toned to death. Hi, Sepulchres of the Mahometaus. : D The fepulchre of the bleed Vergin, TL Where Thomas siood, as they willhaveity when E The garden of moun: Ohvet. the biefed Virgin let fall ber girdle, Garden wherein our Saviour was betrayed. They point at the place where he left twoof his Difciples, and a little higher the third, when he went to pray; and wichall ‘ che place where he was taken. InthisGarden there is alfo aftone, whereon they fay that our Lady fate, and beheld the Martyrdome of S. Stevez, who fuffered on the fide of the oppofite Hill. Without the faid Garden, tn the joyning of two wayes, tliey fhewed us the place, as they will have it, where S. 7: homas ftood, when incredy- lous,for-footh, of our Ladies Aftumption, fhe let fall her Girdle to inform his belief. And now are we come to the Sepulchre of the, Blefled Virgin, made thus, as it is) by the Mother of Conflantine. Before it a Court ; the building above ground a fquare pile onely, flat at the top, and neatly wrought, like the largeft Portico:to a Temple. Youenter at the South-fide, and forth-with defcend by a goodly pair. of ftairs of fifty fteps. Aboutthe midft of the Defcent are two {mall oppolite Chappels ; inthat on the right hand, are the Sepulchres of Joacim, and Azza; in that on the left, of Jofeph, the Parent and Sponfe of the Mother of Jefus. The ftairs do lead you into afpacious Church, ftretching Eaft and Weft, walled on each fide, and arched above with the natural Rock. Upon the right hand, in the midit, there is a little {quare Chappel, framed of the eminent Rock, but flagged both within and without with white Marble, and entred at two doors. At the far tide thereof {tands her Tomb, which taketh up more then the third part of the Room; now in form of an Altar, under which (they fay) that fhe was decently Buried by the Apoftles, and the third day after aflumed into Heaven by the Angels. In this there burn eighteen Lamps continually ; partly maintained by the-Chriftians, and partly by the Mahometans : who have this Palace in an efpecial veneration. Near the Eait-femicircle of the Church, there ftandeth a great Altar (over which the little Light that this dark place hath, doth defcend by a Cupolo :) near the Weft another, but both un-fur- nithed: and by theformer, a Wellof an excellent Water. In a cantonof the wall, right againft the North end of the Sepulchre, there is a clift in the Rock, where the Turks do affirm that our Lady did hide her felf, when the was perfecuted by the Jews, into which I have feen their women to creep, and give the cold Rock affeétio- nate kifles, The oppofité canton is. alfo nfed for an Oratory, by the A¢ahowetans, who have the keeping of the whole, and will not fufter us to enter -of free colt. Remeunting the fame ftairsy not far cff on the left hand, towards the Eaft, and not above a {tones calt from the Garden of Gcthfenrane, a flraight paflage defcendeth f , Into eee LIB, 3. ZheB, Virgins Sepulchre. Chrift’s Oratory. 149 ey oe (The Fountame m2 Gi SN he Se Icher of . al oe oie . the Viinon ary pe D-iThk » gr cat Alter : E ~The Oratory_of- : the Turkcs : sss Li \ 21 ff ore Si E (Lhe Ci ‘ F . The Sepulcher of | | ae | ip ———_____| ke A The entrance and buitding above eronnd of the D The place from wobence it veceiweth light. Church of the Sepulchre of the bleffed Virgin, AA. Where Chaft prayed. B The place from whence it receiveth light, BB. Where the Angel flood. C The entrance of the Oratory of Christe into a vatt round cave ; all of the natural Rock, the Roof confirmed with Arches of the fame, receiving a dim light from a little hole in the top, which was, in times paft, all over curioufly painted 3 The place (they fay) where Chrift did pray, when in that bloody agony he was comforted by the Angels. From hence, we bent our courfe to theCity. High onthe Hull, where three ways meet,and upon the flat of a Rock, is the place where S. Steven (who bore the firft palm of Martyrdom) was ftoned to death. The ftones thereabout have a red ruft on them, which, they fay, give teftimony of his blood-fhed. A little above,we entred the City at the Gate of S. Stewex (where on each fide a Lyon retrograde doth ftand) called in times pat, The port of the Valley,and of the Flock: for that the Cattel camein at this Gate, which were to be facrificed in the Temple, and were fold in the market place adjoyning. On the Jeft hand there is a fione Bridge, which paffeth at the Eaft end of the North wall, into che Court of the Temple of Solomon: the head to the Pool Bethe{da (under-neath which it had a con- veyance) called alfo Probaticum, for that the Sacrifices were therein wafhed ere deli- vered tothe Priefts. Ithad five Ports built thereto by Solomon in which continual- ly lay a number of Difeafed perfons. For an Angel, at certain feafons, troubled the water; and he that could next defcend .thereinto, was perfectly cured. Nowitis a sreat {quare profundity, green, and un-even at the bottome ; into which a barren fpring doth drill, from between the ftones of the North-ward wall, and flealerh away almott undifcerned. The place is for a.good depth hewn out of the Rock ; confined above,on theNorth-fide, with afteep Wall;..on the Weft, with high buildings (per- hapsa part of the Caftle of Axtouia, where are two doors to defcetid by, now all, that are half choked with Rubbidge) andon the South, with the wall of the Court of the Temple, Whereof it is fit that fomething be fpoken by us,although not fuffered to enter without the forfeiture of our lives, or-renouncing of Our Religion. I will not {peak of the former form, and magnificency thereof, by facred Pensy fo exaétly defcribed. Firft, built by Soloxzon, deftroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, re- edified by Zerubbabel, (yet fo far thort of the firft in glory, that thofe wept to be- hold it, who had béheld the former :). new built, orrather fumptuoufly repaired by Herod the Great ; andlaftly, utterly ponsis'cs by Zicas,. The Fews aflayed pie 3 edifie iso _ ° Solomons Temple. Palace of Pilate. LAB? 3: edifie it inthe reign of Adrian: of whom he flew an infinite number, levelled it with the floor, and threw the Rubbidge into the Valley of Jehofaphat, to make it lefs ceep, and the place lefs defenfible ; planting in the Room thereot a Grove which he con- fecrated unto Jupiter. Afterward Ja/ran the Apottata, to difprove the Prophelie of our Saviour, did licence the Jews to rebuild it, furnifhing them with money out of his Treafury ; whenlo, a terrible Earth-quake fhook down what they had begun, anda flame buriting forth devoured the workmen; reported by 4anns Marcellinus a Pagan, and living in thofe times. But who built this that now {tandeth, is doubrfwl. Some do attribute it tothe Chriftians, others toa Prince of the 4rabians (which is confirmed by the Chriftians of thofe Countreys) and he the Saracen Omer, next fuc- ceflor unto Afabomet. Seated it isupon Mount Moriah,in the South: eaft corner of the City, without doubt, in the very place where Solemox ttood; the more eminent building confifting of an eight-fquare round, of a blewifh ftone, adorned with ad- joyning pillars, and tarrafed above. Inthe midit of the fhelving Roof, another upright afpireth ; though lefs by far, yet the fame in form and fubftance with the former ; being covered over with a Cupulo of Lead. To the Weft of this, a long building adjoyneth, like che body of a Church, compaft above, and no higher then the under tarras of the other, but like it in colour. Now the Court (the fame with that of the old Temple) is jutt four {quare every way, about a flights fhoot over. Inthe Eaft-wall, which is alfova wall tothe City, ftands the golden Gate, fo called, in that it was gilded, which belonged onely to the Temple, through which our Savi- our pafledin triumph. It is faid, that the Emperour Heraclius returning from lis Per- fian vi&tory, attempted tohave entred thereat in-all his glory; but.was miraculoufly prohibited, until he had put off all his Princely Ornaments, ina fimple habit bearing that part of the Crofs of Chrift on his fhoulders which he had recovered from the Perfians, This Gate isnow rammed up by the Turks, to prevent, asfomefay, apro= phefie , which is, that the City fhould be there entred by the Chriftians. A part of the South-fide is alfo inclofed with the wall of the City. . The reft, not inferiour in {trength, is environed witha deep Trench hewn into the Rock, (though now much choaked) heretofore inhabiced m the bottome like a ftreet.' In the midift of this out-court, thereis another, wherein the aforefaid Mofque doth ftand,. raifed {ome two yards above the out-court, and. garnifhed on the fides. with little Turrets, tho- vow which it is afcended ; all paved with white Marble (the fpoil of Chriftian Chur ches) where the A4ahometans, ‘as well as within, do perform their particular Orifons. Sundry low Buildings there are; adjoyning tothe wall of the ouc-court; as I fup- . pofe, the habitation of their Sastons.* In the South-eaft corner, and a little in the out- wall, there is a hand-fome Temple covered with Lead; by the Chriftians called, The Church of the Purification of the Virgin ; now alfo a Mofque. Godfrey of Bulloigny with the re(t of the City. took this place by aflault, and flew within the circuit there- of tenthoufand Saracess. “By iim then was it made a Cathedral Church ; who erected Lodgings about it for the Patriarch, and his Canons. Into this there are now but two entrances ; that on the Weft, and this Gate over the head of the Pool Bethefda, (called of old, the Horfe-gate, for that here they left their Horfes, it being not law- ful to Ride any further) ‘refembling the Gate of a City. One thing by the way may be noted, that whereas onr Churches turn tothe Eaft, the Temple of Solomon regard- ed the Welt ; perhapsin refpeét of Mount Calvary. ~ Re-pafling the afore-faid Bridge ( feeing we might proceed no farther ) on ‘the North-fide of the ftreet, that ftretcheth tothe Welt, nowin a remote corner,‘ ftood she houfe of #feachim: where the goodly Church was buile. to the honour of S Aza, with a Mofaltery adjoyning, of which fome part yet remaineth, but polluted with the AZahometax {aperftition, Turning back, we took up the faid ftreet to the Weft: not far onward, at the left hand, ftood the Palace of Pz/ate, without all queftion the Caftle of Astoma, near adjoyning to the wall of the Temple, where now the Savziack hath his refidence ; deprived of thofe lofty Towers, and fearce appearing above the Walls that confine it. Onche right hand, at the far end of a ftreet that pointeth to the North, ftoodthe ftately manfion of Herod : of which fome fignes there are left, that. witnelle a perifhed excellency. Now atthe Weft- corner of that of Pilates; where the wall for a fpace doth turn to the South, there are apair of high (tairs, which lead to the place of Juftice, and Throne of - the Romane Prefident, where the Saviour of the World was by the World con- demned. The ftairs that, they fay then were, called Scala Santta, 1 have feen at |e ae Scala Santia. The Dolorous way. 151i at Rome,neer St. Johns,in the Lateras ; tranflated thither by Confantine, Three pair there are in one front, divided. but by walls: the middlemott thofe, being of white marble, and eighteen innumber ; afcended and worn by the knees of the tupplyants, who defcend by che other. Atthe top there isa little Chappel called Sanctum Santto- rum, where they never fay Mafle: And upon this occafion, “A holy Father,in the room adjoyning, having confumed molt part of rhe:night in his devotions, is: faid, an hour before the dawning, to have feen a proceffion of Angels pafs by him, fome finging, and others (perhaps that had worfe voices) bearing torches ; amongft whom was St. Peter | with che Eucharift; who executed there his Pontificial funétion; and that done, re- | turned. This rumoured the day following about the City, numbers of people flock’d | thither, who found the room all to be drop’d with torches, in confirmation of this re- | lation. Whereupon it was decreéd, that not any (as not worthy) fhould fay. Mafle. on | chat Altar. Now the way between the place of chofe ftairs and Afount Calvary, is called the Dolorous.way ; along which our Saviour was led to his Paffion: in which,they fay, Cand thew where) chat he thrice fell under the weight of his Croffe. And a little beyond 4 eM. boy i LONN 7 a 4 ON eae is i i A The gate of Saint Steven, 1) The Church of the fwouniag of the blefed Virgin. B The gate that opens iato the Court of the Temple... L. where they met with Simon of Cyrene. G The Mofque,where once {tood the temple of Salamone M Where Chrift faid, weep not for me, you dayghters D The Pool Bethefda. 1. Of Ferufalem. E The Church of St. Anna. . N where the haufe of the vich glutton {tood. EB where the Palace of Pilate (too, Owhere the houfe of the Pharifee. i G where the Couit of Herod, P Where-the boufe of Veronica, t H where the holy Stairs. Q The Gate of Fuftice. ‘ A Pilates arch. R Mount Calvary, there isan ancient Arch that croffeth the ftreet, and {upporteth a ruined gallery z in the Eaft-fide a two-arched window, where Pi/ate. prefented Chrift: to the people. An hundred paces farther, and on the left hand, there are the reliques of a Church, where, they fay, that the Bleffed Virgin ftood when her Son pafled by, and felf intoa trance at the fight of chat killing fpe@tacle. Sixty fix paces beyond ( where this ftreet doth meet with that other which leadeth to Port Ephraim, now called the gate of Damajcus) they fay, that they met with Stmon of Cyrene, and compelled him to affit our Saviour in the bearing of his burthen. Turning a little on the left hand; they fhewed us where the women wept, and he replyed ; Weep not for me, you dangh- ters of Jerufalem, ec. Then turning again on the right, we pafled under a little arch, neer & 152 | Zhe Dolorous Way. > LIB. 3. neer which a houfeafcended by certain fteps; the place where Verowca dwele, who gave our Saviour, as they fay, anapkin as he pafled by the door, to cleanfe his face from the blood which trickled from his thorn-pierc’d brows ; and fpittle wherewith they had defpightfully defiled him : who returned it again enriched with his lively counterfeit ; now to be feen at Rome upon Feaftival dayes,,in St. Peter’s Church in the Vatican. To which this Hymn was made, and publifhed by Pope Johz the two and twentieth, with a grant of feven years indulgency to him that fhould devoutly utter ic to that picture. Salve fanGa facies noftri Redemptoris, Of oar Redeemer, bail, O Face divine, a Bare cap, divini reaiots ey _ Whereiathebeams of heavenly beauty {hine : mprefla Panniculo’nivei candoris ; ' a ri.2d 2, ty on ; Be 6% Dataque Veronica: fignum ob amoris, Fix’d ia a Napkin, white as {i mow new drivens | ) ; _ And to Veronica (thy loves pledge) given. Salve decus feculiy fpeculum fan@orum §:. - _ Hail worlds renown of Saints the mirrour bright, ‘Quod videre cupiune {piritus ccelorum: Whole defir'd view would heaven thron'd {pirit delight a ab omni rca > hans aenea > Purge us from flains which famug fouls infect, tque nos confortio junge bearorum, And joynto ble§ communion of th elett, Salve vultus/Domini, imago beatty Hail our Lords U age, happy counterfert , Hx xterno munere mire decorata : By gift etern’ made wondroufly comspleat ; Lumen funde cordibus ex vi tibi data 5 Our hearts illuminate with grace affign'd : Et a noftris fenfibus tolle colligata. And our thrall’d (enfes ly thy power unbind, ‘ Salve robur fidei noftra Chriftianz , Of Ch riff sans f ath, hail fo og, and f ortrels fare, Deftruens hzreticos qui funt mentis vane 5 Deftroying here t ick$, of wands tmapAre : Horum auge meritum qui te credunt fane, - ». Augment their merits that in thée dotruft , Iius effigie qui Rex fit ex pane, By his dear smage made a God of craft. — Salve noftrum gaudium in hac vica ‘duta, me a ho a Beh fad HH fe a only ag ‘ Labili, & fragilis cito pericura, ft ife tedious, brittle 3 fickle, and fs ag Alas Wr INos deduc ad propria 6 foelix figura, Lead to thine own, O happy P orty ature, Ad videndam faciem qua eft Chrifti pura. To fee the face of Chiff, the face fo pure. Fronting the far end of this ftreet, an ancient gate which ftood in the Weft-wall of the old Citys yet-refittsthefubverctions of time; called by Wehemnab, The old gate ; by the Febu/ites, The Port of Febxs, and che gate of Judgement ; for that the Elders there fate in Juftice: thorow which the condemned were led to execution unto Adouer Cal- vary ;thentwo hundred and twenty paces without, and alittle on the left hand; though now almoft in the heart of the City. From hence we afcended the Eaft-fide of Mount Calvary {stent hundred paces from the palace ‘of P:late’) and fo defcended into the Court of the Temple of the Sepuichre. Right againft it are the ruines of lofty build- ‘ings, heretofore the alberges of the Knight Hofpitallers of St, Fohvs. Turning to the South, we were fhew’d, where once ftood the dwelling of Zebedeus, in which James ‘and John were born; heretoforé'a Collegiate Church, but now a Mofque. A little higher we came to the Iron-gate, a paflage in times paft between the upper City and che neather ( which gave way unto Peter, conduéted by the Angel ) built by Alexander the Great. Who having taken 77rus, and the Sea-bordering Cities of Phenicia and Paleftinebegixt Jerufalers withihisArmys when ona fudden the gates were fet.open, Jaddus the High Prieft if fuing forth; clothed in his Pontifical habit, and followed with along train in white raiments; | whom Alexander efpying; advanced before the ret of the company. and when he drew near; fell proftrate before him. For it came unto his remembrance, how once in Dyo.a City of AZacedox, confulting with himfelf about his A ian enterprize, he had feen in a vilion one fo apparelled, who, bid him boldly pro- ceed, and told him, that the God whom he ferved would proteé& his Army, and make him Lord of the Perfian Moriarchy. Then hand in hand they entred the City, the High Prieft condu@ing him unto the Temple, where he facrificed unto God. according to the manner of the Hebrews; Jaddus expounding unto him the Pro- phecies of Daniel, which fore-told of his viétorieés. From thence we proceeded unto ~ the houfe of Saint AZark: of which an obfcure Church, in the cuftody of the So- ~The day following, we went out (as before) at the port of Sis, Turning on the vians,doth retain the memory. And beyond we came to the Church of Saint James, ftanding in the place where he was beheaded; erected by the Spamards, together with an Hofpical; and now pofleft by the Armenians. This feen, we returned to the Covent. Ste a 3 lef; Lie. 3: Bethania, Bethphage. 153 left hand along the wall, we were fhewed the place where Peter wept, when he had denyed our Saviour ; dignified once with a Church and whereof there now remain- eth fome part of the foundation. Right againft it, there is a poftern in the wall, formerly called Port E/quiline ; at which they bote forth the filth of the City. The foundation of this part of the wall is much more ancient, and much more {trong than the re(t; confifting of black ftones of a mighty fize, Not far beyond we crofled the valley of Fehofaphar, and mounted the South-end of ALount Oliver, by the way of Bethania. Having afcended a gdod height, on the right hand they fhew- ed us where Fadas hanged himfelf (the ftump of the Sycamore, as they fay, not long fince extant ) being buried in a Grot that adjoyneth ; neerer the top where Chrift curfed the fig-tree, many there growing at this prefent. Defcending the Eaft-fide of the mountain, alittle onthe left hand, we came toa defolate Chappel, G The Sepulchre of Lazarus. A Mount Olivet. B Bethphage. . Hi The houfe of Lazarus. C The Fountain of the Apofiles. I The bowfe of Simon the Leper, _ D where the boule of Martha food, K The valley of the curfed fig-treee E The ftone whereon Chrift fate. L The way of Ferufalem. FE where the houfe of Mary flood. - M Quarantana, about which were divers ruinessthe honfe heretofore of Simon the Leper.From thence we de(cended into the Caftle of Lazarus (whereof yet there is fomething extant) the brother to AZary and Martha. Clofe under which lies Bethania ( two miles from Jerufalem ) now a tottered Village 5 inhabited by drabians. In it the vault where Chrift raifed Lazarus from death ; fquare and deep , defcended into by certain fteps. Above are two little Chappels, which have in either of them an Al- tar: where ftood a ftately Church erected by Saint Helena: and after that an Abbey, ueen Millifént’ the foundrefs. A little North of. Bethania, we came to the ruines of a Monattery, now level with the floor, feated in the place unto which the penitent Mary retired from the corrupting vanities of the City. Southward of this, and not far off, ftood the houfe of Martha, honoured likewife with a Temple, and ruinated; alike equally diftant from both, there ts 4 ftone, whereon, they fay, that our Saviour face, when the two Gers intreated: him to reftore life to their brother, now four 4: The Pilgrim that breaks off a piece thereof ftands excommunicated. daies burie : A little adove there ts a fountain of excellent water, deep funk into the rock, (by which we tefrefhed our felves with provifion brought with us ) called the Fountain of the Apoftles. Now we afcended Afount Olivet again, by another way more inclhi- nins to the North. Upon the right hand, and not far from the top, ftood sittin =) Ore 154 Jericho. Quarantania. Mount Olivet. Lt 8, Bs whofe very foundations are now confounded ; from whence Chrift paft unto Jernfalem in triumph uponan Affes colt, every Palm-funday by the Pater-guardian superttiti- oufly imitated. Here look we back, and for awhile furvey the high mountain Quarastama, the low plains of Jerscho, Jordan, and the Dead-{ea ; which we could not goto, by reafon of our tardy arrival; the Pilgrims returning on the felf-fame day that we came unto Jerufalem, A journey undertaken.but once a year, in regard of the charge, the paflengers being then guarded by a Sheck of the Arabsans, to relift the wild 4- rabs , who almoft famifhed on thofe barren mountains (which they dare not huf- band for fear of furprizal ) rob all that pafs, if inferior in ftrength. Yet paid we towards that conduét, two dollars a-piece to the Sanziak, I have fpoken before of the river and lake that devonreth it, as much as here heard, and what I -have read, that diflenteth not: the reft being fuch like ftuff as the former, wherewith I have already tired my felf, and afflicted my Reader. I will therefore forbear to deliver a particular report of that three daies Pilgrimage; only thus much in general, Jordan runneth well-nigh thirty miles from Jer#falem3 the way thither by Bethama, made long and troublefome by the fteep deicents and labyrinthian windings ; being, to the judgement of the eye, not the fourth part of that diftance. In this the Pilgrims wafh themfelves, and bring from thence of the water, fovereign, (as they fay ) for fun- dry Difeafes. A great way on this fide the River, there ftands a ruined Temple upon the winding of a crooked channel, forfaken by the ftream, (or then not filled but by inundations ) where Chrift (as they fay ) was baptized by Jobs. On the right hand ftood Jericho, (a City of fame) and in the time of the Chriftians an Epifco- “y| Mont orrer A where chrift afcended into heaven, sete M Where be was taben. B The Celb of Pelagia. N The Coverture of Christs Oratory.” G where Chiift (pake of the general Judgement. O Gethfemane, D where, they fay, be taught the Lords Prager. P The Sepulchre of the Virgin Mary. E Where the Apoftles made the Creed. Q Where Judas banged bimfelf. B where Chrift wept over the City: R The Pillar of Abfalom. G VVhere the bleBed Virgin repofed. ; S The Bridge that palfeth aver Cedron. H Vhere the Angel (aid, You men of Galilee, ene. T Sepulchres, I YVhere St. Thomas, as they fay, took up the Bleed V The valley of the curfed figetree. Virgins girdle, X The way to Bethania. K PV beve the Bleed Virgin fate, and beheld the Mare ¥ The way to Jerufalem. tyrdome of St. Steven. 2. The tovreat Cedron. L VV here Chrift Left the three Difciples. R The Garden of Gethfemane. Lis. 3. Quarantania. Mount Olivet. u: occ pall See ) beautiful in her Palmes, but chietly proud of her Balfamnm. Apladt then only thought particular unto Jery, which grew moit plentitully in tis valley, and on ! the fides of the Weitern Mountains whicu confine it; being about two cubits high, growing upright, and yearly pruned of her fuperfluoas branches. In the Summer they lanced the rinde with a ftone, (not to be touched with fteel) but not deeper than che in- vvard film; for othervvife it forthvvith perifhed: from vvhence thoie fragrant and precious tears did diftill, vvhich novv are only brought us from ‘adia; but they far vvorfe, and-generally fophitticated. The bole of this thrub is of the leait efteem, the rinde of greater, the feed exceeding that, but the liquor of greaielt: knovva to be right in the curdling of -milk, aud not {taining of garments. Here remained tvvo or- chards thereof in the daies of Vefpafian ; in defence ot which, a battel was fought with the Jews, that endeavoured to deftroy them. Of fuch repute with the Komazs, that Pompey firit, and afterwards Tit#s,did prefent it in their triumphs as an efpecial glory ; now utterly loft through the barbarous waite, and negleét of the ALabomerans. Where fericho ftood, there ftand a few poor Cottages inhabited by the Arabians. The valley,about ten miles over, now producing but a {piny grafs, is bordered on the Eaft with the high Arabian Mountains, on the Weft wich thofe of Fury. Amongft which, Quarantanvais the moft eminent, being inthat wildernefs where Chrift for forty. dates was tempted by the Devil : fo high, that few dare attempt to afcend to the top; from whence the Tempter fhetved him the Kingdoms of the Earth; now crowned with a Chappel, which is yet unruined. There is, befides, in the fide an Hermitage, with a Ciftern to receive rain-water 5 and another Grot, wherein the Hermites were bue ried. Here S. ferome (as they fay ) fulfilled his four years penance. | But now return we to the {ammit of Afount Olivet, which over-toppeth the neighbouring mountains; whofe Welt-fide doth give you a full furvey of each particular patt of the City ; bedeck’d with Olives, Almonds, Fig-trees, and hereto- fore with Palms; pleafantly rich when husbanded, and now upbraiding the barba- rous with his neglected pregnancy» So famous in facred hiftories, and fo often bleft with the prefence of Chrift, and apparition of Angels. It is not much lefs than a mile in height; ftretching from North to South, and having three heads. On the middlemott ( and that the higheft ) there ftandeth a ‘little Chappel, of an eight-fquare round, at every corner a pillar, mounted on three degrees ; being alf ’ N The Chacncll of | || eee” A The Chappel of Afcenfion. j C The tuines of thé Monalteryo B The cett of Pelagias hig D The entrance. or rt 56 Our departure from Ferufalem. LIB. 3. ‘of white marble, and of an elegant ftru€ture. Within it is not above twelve foot over 5 paved with the nacural rock, which beareth the impreffion of a foot-ftep, they fay, of ourSaviours; the laft that he fet upon earth, when from thence he afcended into Heaven. A place'in honour inferior unto none: frequented by Chri stiaws, poflelt by AMahometans. yet free to both their devotions. Built it was by the mother of Cor- ffaxtine, and covered like the Sepulchre, with a fumptuous Temple ( whofe ruings yet look aloft ) together with a Monaftery, on the South-fide of which, they fhewed us the Cel of Pelagia: a famous, rich, and beautiful Curtizan of 4xtiech ; who converted by the Bifhop of Damiata, retired hither unknown ; and here long lived in the habit and penury of an Hermite ; being notgtill dead, difcovered for a woman. Defcend- ing, we were fhewed by the way, where our Saviour taught them the Pater woSter, where he foretold of the deftruétion of Ferufalem, where the Apoftles made the Creed, whexe he wept over the City, (a paved {quare, now a A4ahometan Oratory ) and fuch like traditions, not much worthy the mentioning. So croffing the valley by the Sepulchre of the Bleed Virgin, we entred the City at the gate of St. Stephen ; re- turning the fame way ( asthe day before ) to the Monaftery. Muclfof the day, and all themight following we {pent in the Church of the Sepul- _chre; they then concluding the ceremonies, and folemnities of that Feaftival. The next day wé prepared for our departure, We agreed with certain AZaccermen (fo call they their muliters ) of Adeppo (who had brought a Portugal hither, with his Janizary, and Interpreter,then newly come from India ) to catry us unto Trspoly, and defray all char~ ges (onr diet excepted ) for fix and twenty dollars a man; and for half fo much if we went but to Acre; greatly tothe difpleafure of Atala the Drogaman,that would not un- dertake our convoy under a great fum; who founda time to effeé his malice; yet his little pains we rewarded with four dollars. Caphar & Affe-hire about the countrey had coft us fix Sultanies. We gave money to the Frier-fervants;and that not niggard!y,con- fidering our light purfes, and long journey; whereof the Pater-guardian particularly inquired, left their vow of poverty they fhould covetoufly infringe (or rather,perhaps, defraud his defire ) by retaining what was given, to their private ufes. Acrime with excommunication punifheds yet that lefs feared, I fuppofe, than deteftion. They ufe to mark the Arms of Pilgrims with the names of Fefus, Maria, Ferufalem, Bethlehem, the Jern/alem Crofs, and fundry other charaéters; done in {uch mranmer as hath been declared before. The Pater-guardian would needs thruft upon us feveral i . ERVSALEM|}.- A. 4 Fountaine B, Maint Oliver: C. Sepulchre. D.'A Mofaiee: B.1Sile; ‘ Lo Ge. Silo, Rama Sophimn. Valley of Teberinth. 157 Certificates, which returned him as many Zechines, He delired that we would make ~ their poverty known, with the dignity of thofe fanctified places ; as a motive to relief, and more frequent Pilgrimages. Leaving behind thofe’ friendly Zra/iazs. that accompanyed us fromCazre, ( being now alfo upon their return) on the firlt of April we departed from Jerufalem, in the company of that Apothecary (now Knight of the Sepulchre) and the Portugal before- mentioned, together with an .4/mana and a Freach-man; all bound for 77r- poly. We veturned by the way which we {trayed from in our coming; lefs diff- cult to pafs; the mountains more pleafant and fruitful. Neer-the City. there are many Sepulchres and places of ruines, here and there difperfed. On the right hand, and in fight, is S/o, of along time a flation for. the Ark of the Covenant ; the higheit mountain of -Jary, which beareth on the top fome fragments of. a City ; North of it; on another, were the remains of that Rama, Sophiw ( with more like- lyhood’ of »trath than the other). which was. the habitation of Samuel; whofe-bones are faid to have been tranflated unto CozStantinople, bye the. Emperor, Arcadins.. Af. ter four miles riding, we defcended into the valley of Teberith ; famous, though . little for che flanghter of Golzah. A bridge here crofleththe Torrent, neer which are the ruines of anancient Monaftery; more worthy.the obferving for the great- nefs of the tones, than finenefs of the workmanfhip. Having rid four miles further; they fhewed-us 4odisy the ancient feat of .the,, AZaccabees ; towards the North, aud feated on the top of anafpiring hill, which yee fupporcech the reliques of a City ; whereof there hath fomething been -fpoken already. . Beyond, by the high- way lidechete is another Monaftery, not, altogether fubverted: of late inhabited. by fome of the Franci{cans; who.befet one night by the Arabs, and not. able to mafter their terrour, quitted it che day following. About a: ftones caft off, there ftandeth-a Church now défolate; yet retaining the name of the Prophet Feremy. But whe- ther here ftood that Adathorh, or nd5 that: challengeth his birth, I. am_ ignorant: About three miles further, we pafled by aplace called Seresh; where, by certain ruines, there ftandeth'a pilellikea broken ‘Tower, engraven with Twrkifh characters, upon that fide which regardeth the way ; erected, as they fay, by an Ortoman Empe- rour. “Now, having for 4-while defcended).thofe. mountains that neighbour the champion, we came to'the ruines of an ancient buildings over-looking the level; yet noolefs excelling in commodious; fituation, than delicacy of profpe&. They call it, The houfe of the Good Thief; Perhaps fome Abbey erected in that place, ot Cattle here built to defend this paflage.. Upon the right hand there {tandeth, a handfome Mofque, every way open, aud fapporced with pillars 5 the roof: flat, and chargedvon ‘the Eaft-end with aCupolo, hefetofore a'Chriftian Chappel,... This is ten miles from Rana, whitherwe camé that night; and .wet\as we. were, took up our lodgings oi the ground inthe houfé..of Siz: nothing that day befalling, fave the violence done us by certain Sapheis, who took our Wine from us, and payments of | Head-money in fundry places, which was unto us neither chargeable nor. trouble- fome. , coat 6 3 Not untill noon next day, departed we from ‘Rama travelling through a moft fruitful valley. The firf place we paffed by. was Lydda; made famous by St. Peter.s called after Diofpolis, thatis, the City of Fupicer, and:deftroyed by Cestias. Here vet ftandeth 2 Chriftian ‘Temples built, as they fay, by.a King of England, tothe. honour of Sto Geonge , a Cappadocian by birth, advanced in the wars to the dignity of a Tribune who after becamea Souldier of Chrift, and here is {aid to have fuf- fered Mattyrdome under Diselefian. Others fay, that there never was. fuch a man, and that che ftory is no other than anallegory. The Greeks have the cuftody of this Church, who fhew a'skull; which they affirm to be Saint Georges. In the ume of the Chriftians it was the fear of a fufftagan 3 now hardly.a Village. Hight miles fron Rama ftands the Gaftle of Augia, buile like-a canes -and kept by a {mall garri- fon. -A little beygnd, the Afuccermen would have ftayed ( which we would. not, fuffer, being then the bei time of the day for: travel). that they might by night have avoy- ded the next village, with the payments there due; where we were hardly intreated by the procurement of -4¢ttala, who holds correfpondency with the A4cers of thofe quarters. They would not take lefs than four dollars» a man (when perhaps as many Madeins were but due) and that with much -jangling. They fought occafion how to trouble us, beating us off our Mules, becaufé forfooth we did snot light to do homage toa fort of half-clad rafcals, pulling the white Shafh from the head of the Porrwgal ( whereby he well hoped to have paft for'a Turk) his Janizary looking - Pp” Os 158 Mount Carmel. Valley of Acre. Lit. 3. on. Here they detained us untill two of the clock the next morning, without meat, without fleep, couched on the wet earth, and wafhed with rain, yet ¢€xpecting worfe ; and then fuffered us to depart. After a-while weentred a goodly forreft, full of tall and delightfome trees, intermixed with fruitful and Howry lawnes. Perhaps the earth affordeth not the like ; it cannota more pleafant.. Having paffed this: part of the wood ( the reftinclining to the Weft, and then again extending to the North ) we might difcover a number of ftragling tents ; fome juftin our way, and. neer to the skirts of the forreft. Thefe were Spzheis belonging to the hoft of Adtorat Bafa, then in the confines of Perfiz. They will take (efpecially from a Chriftian ) whatfo- ever they like; and kindly they ufe him if he pafs without blows: nor are their Commanders at all times free from their infolencies. To avoid them, we ‘truck out of the way, and crofled the pregnant champaign ‘to! the foot of the. moun- tains ; where, for that day, we repofed ourfelves. Whemit grew. dark we arofe, in- _ dining on the left hand, and mingling after it a-while witha {mall Carvamof doors , we were injoyned to filence, and to ride without our hats, left we. fhould be difco- vered for Chriftians. The clouds fell down in ftreams, and the pitchy night had bereft us of the conduét of our eyes, had not the lightning afforded a terrible light. And when-the rain intermitted, the air appeared as if full of fparkles of fire, born to and fro with the wind by reafon of the infinite fwarms of flies that do fhine like glow-worms ; to aftranger a ftrange f{peCtacle. In: the next wood we out-ftript that'Carvan, where the thtevifh Arabs had made f{undry fires ; to which our foot-men drew neer: to liften , that we might pafs more fecurely....An hour ‘ after mid-night, theskye began to clear; when, on the other fide of the weod we fell amongit certain tents of Spahers; by whom-we paft with as little noife as we could, fecured by their founder fleepings. Not far beyond, thorow a large glade, between two hills we leifurely defcended for the fpace of two hours (a torrent rufh- ing down on the left hand of us: ) when not able longer to keep the backs of our Mules: we laid us down inthe bottom, under a plump of trees on the far-fide of a torrent. With the Sun we arofe, and found our felves at the Eaft-end and North-fide of Mount Carmel, Mount Carmel fretcheth from Eaft to Weft, and hath his uttermoft bafis wafh’d with the fea, fteepeft towards the North, and of an indifferent altitude: rich in Olives and Vines when husbanded; and abounding with feveral forts of fruits and herbs , both medicinable and fragrant; though now much over-grown, with woods and fhrubs of fweet favour.Celebrated it is for the habitation of Elias ; whofe . houfe was after his death converted inv a Synagogue; where Oracles, it is faid, were given by God ; called by Swetomus, The God Carmelius ; whofe words are thefe,entreating of Ve/pafian; In Judea,con{ulting withthe Oracle of the God Carmelins,. the Oracle affured him that what{oever he undertook (honld be fuccesful. Where then was nothing more to be feen than an Altar. From hence proceeded the Order of the Frier Carwelites, as fucceflor to the children'of the Prophets there lefe by Elias. Who had their beginning inthe Defart of Syria, in the year 1180, inftituted by ‘Almericus Bifhop of Axtioch; and faid to have received their white habit from our Lady; whom -A/bertus the Patriarch of Fer#falem tranfported firft into Ex- rope. There is yet to be feenthe remains of their Monaftery, with a Temple dedi- cated to the Blefled Virgin ; under which a little Chappel or Cave, the ancient dwel- ling of Elas. Thisis inherited by Achmet an Emer of the Arabians; who, after the ancient cuftome of that Nation, doth live in tents, even during the Winter ; al- though poffleft of fundry convenient houfes; whofe Signiory ftretcheth tothe South, and along the Shore. Within his precinét-ftands the Caftle of the Peregrines, upon a cape almoft environed with the Sea, now called Tortora; built by Raimond Earl of Polifa, for their better fecurity; and-after fortified by the Templars. Ten miles South of this ftood that famous Cefarea ( more anciently called, The Tower of Stratoyof aKing of Aradus, the builder,fo named; who lived in the daies of A/ex- aader) in fach fort re-edified by Hered, that ‘it little declined in magnificency from the principal Cities of 4/4; now level with the floor, the haven loft, and fituation abandoned. * We paffed the Torrent Chifox, which floweth from the mountains of Tabor and Hermon; and gliding by the North skirts of Carmel, difchargeth it felf into the Sea. Carmel is the South bound to the ample valley of cre ; bounded on the North by thofe of Saroz, onthe Weft it hath the Sea, and is inclofed on the Eaft with the mountains of Galilee, In length about fourteen miles, in breadth about half Lin | Lhe Valley of Acre. Acre. 159 half as much; the nearer the Sea, the more barren. In it there arofe two rivulets of living, but peftilent waters drilling from feveral marifhes. The firt js the River of Belws, called by Pliny, Pagida and Palus,and Badas by Simonides s whofe {and af- fordeth matter for glafs, becoming fufible with the heat of the furnace. Strabo re- ports tné like of divers places thereabout. And Fofephas, {peaking of this; decla- reth, that adjoyning thereunto, there is a pit an hundred cubits in circuit, covered with fand like grafs; and when carried away (for therewith they accuftomed to ballance their fhips } it forthwith filled again ; born thither by winds from places adjacent : and moreover, that whatfoever mineral was contained therein converted into plats - and glafs there laid, again into fand. Neer to this pit ftood the Sepulchre of AZensnor the fon of 7 y¢honus ( who was brother unto Priamus, and reigned in Sufa a City of Perfia, by him founded ; ) his mother was called C:ffa, ( though feigned to have been begotten on Arora, in regard that he reigned in the Eait ; and perhaps a cu(tome then in ufe to reward the moft excellent, with repute of immortal parentage: fo Sarpe- dow was {aid to be the Son of Fapiter, ei neas of Venus, and Achilles of “Thetis ) who had extended his Conquetts to the uttermoft parts of «4:rhiopia, before he came to the Wars of Troy ; where flain by Achilles, Aurora is feigned to have made this intercef- fion for him unto Fupiter. ! Rob'd of my Memnon, who brave arms in vain Memnonis orba mei venio? qui fortia fruftra Bove for his unckle by Achilles fain Pro patruo tulic arma fuo: primifque {ub annis Luhis youths flower (fo would you Gods ) came I, bs . ee ie di bcos ices ae O chief of Powers, amothers angnifh, by a preccr huic aliquem folatia mortis honorem, : bi ; Summe Detim re€tor, maternaque vulnera Jeni. Some honour given him leffen death with fame Jupiter annuerat; cum Memnonis arduus alto Re-consfort; Fove affents, When greedy flame Corruit igne rogus : nigrique volumina fumi Devour'd the funeral-pile,and curled fumes Infecere diem , veluti cum fluntina natas Day overecast : as when bright Sol affumes Exhalant nebulas, nec Sol admittitur infra? i 4 ° y ° *y FE F Atra favilla volaty glomerataque corpus im unum PM fr Abi thi CPA RAT Ss af 1s [een below, Denfatur, faciemque capit,{umitque colorem ¢ flying TUS [parkles joyntly grow Atque animum ex igni : levitas {ua praebuic alas? Tuto one body: Colour, form, life [pring Toit from fire, which levity doth wing, — Ovid. Met. 1. 13, a A fiction invented by flatterers,to infinuate into the favour of greatnefs ; trengthning that opinion in the vulgar, by fome illufion or other. | Having rid feven or eight miles along the skirts of the hills, we crofed the valley; and anon that other rivulet a little above where it falleth into the rode of Acre; Where, to our comfort, we efpy’d the Ship that brought us to Alexandria, with ano- ther of Loxdox, called the Elizabeth Confort. When entring the Town, we were kind- ly entertained by our Countrey-men. Here we ftaid; the reft of our company pro- ceeded unto 7r:poly : this being the mid-way between it and Feru/alem. But our ALue- cerman would not reft fatisfied with half of his hire, according to our compaét; whom we were glad to be rid of for twenty dollars a man: our oaths being bootlefs againft a True Believer; for fothey do term themfelves. | This City was called Ace at the firft; a refuge for the Perfians in their e& gypti- an Wars: then Prolensais, of Ptolomy King of eZ gypt ; Colonia Clamdii, of Claudius Cafar, who here planted a Colony; afterward coz, and now Acre. Seated on a le- vel, in form of a triangular fhield; on two fides wafh’d with the Sea; the third re- garding the Champaign. The carkafs fhews that the body hath been ftrong 5 double immutred, fortified with the bulwarks and towers: to each wall a ditch, lined with flone, and under thofe divers fecret pofterns. You would think by the ruines, that the City rather confifted wholly of divers conjoyning Caftles, then any way mixed with private dwellings; which witnefs a notable defence, and an unequal affault,; or that the rage of the Conquerors extended beyond Conqueft- the huge walls and arches turned topfie turvey, and lying like rocks upon the foundation. On the Sonth-fide lies the haven, no better than a bay; open to the Weft, North- welt, and South-weft winds: the bottom ftony, and ill for their Cables. When pofleft by the Chriftians, it was an Epifcopal See, and under the Metropolitan of Tyrus. twas taken from them by Omer the Saracen; and recovered by Baldwiz at the firlt, affifted by the Gevoefes with threefcore and ten gallies ;_ who had for their labour the third part of the revenue arifing out of the haven; with dwellings and other immunities affigned them: Saladiue made it ftoop again ro the A4chometan yokes again delivered in the third years fiege, by our Richard the aay pe P 2 ilsp iad ot ~ Y 160 Acre. Nazareth. | | Lie 3: Philip the French King. There are the ruines of a place, which yet doth acknow- ledge King Richard for the founder ; confirmed likewife by the paflant Lion. An jandred years after itremained with the Chriftians ; and was the laft receptacle in the holy Land, for the Knights Hofpitallers of St Johns of Ferufalens,called thereupon St. Toba de Acres to whom a goodly Temple neer the South-fide of the City was confecrated, which now over-toppeth the relt of the ruines. In a vault thereof a mafle of treafure was hid by the Knights of the Order, which being made known from time to time unto their fucceflors, was fetch’d from hence about forty years . {ince by the gallies of AZalta ; the innabitants abandoning the town upon their landing In the year 1291. befieged by at) hundred and fifty thonfand AZahometans, Acre re- ceived an utter fubverfion; which the Mamalucks after in fome fort repaired, and loft it at laft, with their name and Empire, unto the Turki Selymas, It is now under the Sanziack.of Saphet ; and ufurped with the reftof that Province, by the Emer of S;don. Inthe town there arenot above two or three hundred Inhabitants, who. dwell here and there in the patch’d-up ruines ; only a new Mofque they have, and a {trong. {quare Cave ( built where once was the Arfenal for gallies) in which the Fanck- Merchants fecurely difpof@of themfelves and their commodities. Who, for the moft part, bring hitherready moneys, (Dutch dollars being as generally, thoughout Jury and Phenicia, equivalent with royals of eight, elfewhere lefs by ten afpers, ) franght- ing their Ships witli cottons that grow abundantly in the countrey adjoyning. Here have they a Cadee; the principal Officer. The Exglib are much refpeéed by the stincipal AZoores : infomuch, as I have {een the ftriker ftricken by his fellow: arare example amongft the AZahonsetans. Which I rather attribute to their policy than humanity; left, by their quitting of the place, they fhould be deprived of their pro- fit, they being the only men that do Maintain their trading. Here they wraftle in breeches of oyled leather, clofe to their thighes; their bodyes naked, and anointed ‘according to the ancient ufe, derived, as it fhould feem by Virgil, from the Trojazs : Exetcent patrias oleo labente palefteas Soy {rob'd they wraftle in their countreys guile Nudati focii With glideng oyle Virg. Ain. who rather fall by confent than by fleight or violence. The Inhabitants do nightly honfe their goats and fheep, for fear of the Jaccals ( in my opinion no other than Foxes ) whereof an infinite number do lurk in the obfcure vault, and reedy marifhes adjoyning to the brook ; the brook it felf abounding with Tortoifles. Four daies we ftayed at ere; in which time we vainly expected the leafure of the Merchants to Irave accompanied us to Wacarerh; diftant from hence about fifteen miles ; who go by one way, aud return by another, for fear of the Arabs; now a {mall village of Galilee ; feated in a little vale between two hills ; where are the re- mains of a goodly Temple (once the chair of an Arch-Bifhop) ereéted over the houfe of the Blefled Virgin; whereof there is yet one room to befeen, partly hewn out of the living rock; amongft thofe Chriftians of great veneration. But the Romaniffs re- late, that the room wherein fhe was born, was born by the Angels ( at fuch time as the Countrey was univerfally poflefs’d by the Infidels ) over Seas and fhores toa City of Ihria. But when thofe people grew niggardly in their offerings, it was wrap'd fromt thence, and fet in the woods of Picenum, within the poffeffions of a noble Lady named Lauretta ; frequented by infinite numbers of Pilgrims : Where many mifcarrying by the ambufhment of thieves, who lurked in the woods adjoyning, the Blefled Virgin commanded the Angels to remove it unto a certain mountain belonging unto two bre- thren, where fhe got much riches, and fumptuous apparel, by the benevolence of her Votaries, and her charitable miracles. By which means the two brethren grew alfo * xichs and with all diffentious about the divifion of their purchafes. Whereupon it was once more tranfported by thofe winged porters, and fet in the place where as now it Aandeth . neer tothe Adriatick, Sea, and not far from Ancona ; yet retaining the name of Lasretta. Whocan but wonder at the fautors of thefe wonders? amongft whom AZuretus, none of the leaft learned. . © ceeli dileéta domus, poftefque beati, O honfe belov’d of heaven O happy pofts ! Wolne per athereas, Judze a finibus,ora 7 5) eas a i ce «at ani ed 4 By winged Mim Sters, thorow skies from coafts Hic virgo, genitura Deum, genetricis ab alyo Of j ada brow ght, Jehova bidding Flere Prodiir, & blandis mollit vagitibus ausas ? Was that bleft Virgin born that God did bear! Here, wa Wane Nazareth, Phenitia. ee EIS? 3. | Here, a maid pure, sotrath and praixd repute ; Her holy womb {well'd with that faving frst. He who all mend, th etern and only Son 5 AXqua patti, ille homini primava ab origine lapio To Father equal ; who roman undone Swetn citle Hbibimadesine hee lifk in cals Brought hope, and life from heavens here (little) play’d, Parvulus, & fanétz blande obtulit ofcula matri, And kiff bis mother, intitee happy mades * Hic quoqué yirginei fervata lande pudoris Sanéta falutitero tumuerunt vifcera foetu. Ile opifex cunéterum,illa zterno unica proles, Ju which is her Image (made, as they fay, by S. Luke) of the hue ( though a Jew ) of a Blackamore: This:conclave hath, a cover of marble; yet not touched by the fame; included within a magnificent Temple, adorned with armors and trophies, and befet -within«tatues and tables, xeprefenting her miraculous cures and protections, ‘whereof the aforefaid votary. Certe equidem tora:pendentes sede rabellas Afpicio, qua te miferis prefto effe loquuntar + ' Lo, all the Church withtables hung, confefs Thy faving aid to wretched mans distre{s, This is-from bowel-torturing fever rid, Beholding thee in foal. The fettiag K id, Hic te animo fpeGtans torrencem vifeera febtem. Depulit 5 ille Hyadas triftes Hoedumque cadentem Spectayit tutus ;. vertentibus zquora venitis; Er duce.té pacrias enavit falyus ad oras. Criminis ille reus falfi, fub judice duro, Dum mortém expectat; tenebrofo in carcere claus fus 5 Munere Diva tuo, deteéta fraude revifit, * Uxorem & nates; exoptatimaue patencem: Sad Hyadsy he {afe {cess when deaf, Seas roré ae beat ,by * fet onthe long’d-for fhore. He npon whom a wring ful doom hath pafty ... - Now death expetting in dark:dungeon cast 5 The wrong by thee reveal dy revi ews bis wifes His fons, and parents, witha new>given:life. ell hath fhe been paid for herlabour ; her territories large, her jewels ineftima- Pos ts apices much eee than princely, both incoft and variety ; her coffers full : sof whom, though thePope be a yearly bortower, yet are they doubly replenifhed ‘by the firit and later {pring-tides of devotions. Now at Vazareth no Chriftian is fuffered to dwell by the «Moores that inhabit it. Moft of the old City feemeth to have food uponthe hill that adjoyneth; which bears the decaysiof divers other Churches. Va- xareth gave the name. of Vaxeretans unto Chriftians;: called-here corruptly Woffranes -atthis prefent. aye Sark Riringe adie on Bg i me the eighth of - April we went a-board the Trinity, and hoifed: fails fot Sidon; the winds favourable, and the Seas compofed ; but anon they began to wrangle, and we tofuffer. Spouts of water were feen to fall againtt the promontory of Carmel. The tempeft increafed with thenight, and did whatit could to make a night of the day that infued. I then thought,with application, of that defeription of the Poets, -. -¢ = the wild winds wage Afpera crefcit/hyems, ormnique a parte, feroces The bitter fi OE CREME SS besarte f Bella gefiint ventisfretaque indignantia mifcene; War from all parts, and joyn with the Seas hove, Ane Ecce cadunt largi refolutis nubibus imbres, The fad clonds fink, 1m fOOmenss JO would have thought Inque fretiim tredas:tocum defcendere ccelum, | That highe[woln Seas even unto heaven had wrought, ~Inque plagas coeli mmefadtum {eandére pontum : And heaven to Seas defcended, No flar {hewn 5 Caret ignibus ether. ; a Blind. night in darkne[s, tempefts, and her own) ‘Gzcaque nox premitur tenebris hyemifque fuifqué s é : dire ls ht ‘no turns Difcutiune tamien has, praebentque micantia lumen ‘Dread terrors loft 5. yet thefe GATS 8 age Sh ‘Fulmina; fulmineis ardefcunt ighibus unde, ‘To more fear'd light 5 the Sea with lightmng burns. ’ Ovid. Met, 1) x: | i , where Mariners. be Ezg- Bat the diftemperature and-horror is more than the danger, w Lh : who are 5 abfoluteft under heaven in their profeffion ; and are by forreigners compared unto fifhes. Aboutfour of the clock we came before Sidon; the: fhip not able to attain to the harborage of the rock, which is environed by the fea, andthe only protection of that rode for fhips of good burthen. Butfome of us were fo fick, that we defired to be fet a-fhore'in the skiff, a long mile ditant (which was performed, but not ‘without peril. Lac Yo sYoon: Hint t : Pesce is j Province of Syria,interpofing the Sea and Galilee ftretching North and South from the River Yalanus, to the Caftle of the Peregrines:; which is on the far- fide of the AZount Carmel. ! ‘Et qui longa dedit terris cognomina Phoenix. -Phoestx did give the land a lafting name: "Sil, Ital. 1. 2 ‘Pp 2 ‘Brother 162 Phenicia. Tripolis: E IBij 3. Brother urito Cadmus, and the fifth frony Fuprrer. His ‘great grandfather was Epc phut, his grand-father Belus Prifcus, (reputed °a\ god‘; and honoured with «Tem- ples; called Bel by the Affyrians, and Baal by-the ‘Hebrews ) his father 4 gener. Belus the lefss called alfo AZethres, was fon unto Phenix, King of Phenician bys de- {cent, and-of Cyprus by.Conqueft. ‘He had iflue, Pygmalion and Dido; who wellire- venged of her brother for che death of her husband; fledunto theconfines of Ly- bia, and there ereéted the City of Carthage. The Carthaginians names, as Hanntbal, A fdrubal, Anna, cs did fhewthat they -hadvtheir*original from hence. “Bat the coming thither of e4 neas, and caufe of her death, is held by divers!no»other -than.a fition. For Appian (if his credit may ballance with Virgi/s ) reports that ‘Carthage was buile full fifty years before Troy was deftroyed. “And'Aufomus, upon her: picture : Illa ego fum Dido yultu, quam confpicis hofpes, I Dido, whom this table doth impart, Affimulata modis, |‘ pulchraque mirificis , Of pa ffir 2 beant drawn by hap py ares i : ihi-finxi ns = ; ere -° Talis eram ; fed non Maro: quam mihi finxiv erat me Such weeooben Lving’s nor of {uch ansind Wita nec inceftis lca cupidinibus. ? Namque_nec Aineas vidit: me Troius unquam; As Maro feign'd,t0 furions luis inclin'ds Nec Lybiam advenit claffibus Iiacis. _ Me Tr OyS eA neas never. fam 3 nor bore Sed furias fugiens, atque arma procacis jarbr, The Ilan fhips wxtothe Lybian {hore, Servavi, fateor, morte pudicitiam. But flying out-rage and jarbas, 1 Pectore transfixo caftos quod pertulitenfes ; By death fe bier dips t befieo'd chaffit (tieft Non furor aut lafo crudus amore dolor. vs, h y 4 ii Sic cecidiffe juvaty vixi fine ‘vulnere fama, at firack - chaft ¢ fecel through my conftant Ulta virumy :poficis moenibus oppetii. Nor rage; nor injar’d Love, with grief oppreft. So,pleasd, L fell: Uie'd undefam'd, ( bely’d, ) Reveng’d my husband, built a City, dy'd, Pheemcia is faid by others to be named-of a “Date, whichis called Phasix’ ia-the eH gyptiau tongue ; the abundance growing in that part of °e£gypr having gived a name to this people, who were formerly «4 gyptians. Hirubro purgire quendam _) Lhefe-earft from the red Gulph remov'd s whe dar st os xT tid. per equoraveis > Oy Seas by new-found waies adventure firft : Rei uftravere falum, primi docuere carinis . : : “9 OR Sous Ferre cavis orbis commercia 3) Jydera primi, __, Pir St taught te franghs flips mith chang’ wwerchandine: S ) Firfyftars obferv' a vs'the charatter'd skies, Servavere poli» Dionyf. together with Arithmetick and Letters, Pheenices oat (fame fi bees aufi Phoenicians firft imprest (if fame be true ) {i fudibus vocem fignare figuris. a ing TAN sca at : eT Neha toes Minas iouet Byblos apa fi iaioe, i bite faite ae Rie Woverat + & faxis tantum volucrefque fereque, ou yer ow fPreum- ries! : JOLUS:EO prepare 5 Sculptaque fervabant magicas/animalia lingua. But birds and bealts, cary a out in ftone; declare Lucan, |. 3. Their hieroglyphick wifdomes : which letters Cadmus banifhed by his Father ( the builder: of Thebes in Boetia, by him perhaps fo called.of the e£ gyptian Thebes) did communicate to the G recians, To them alfo fomeaattribute the invention of Poetry ; ‘an Art by“Art ‘not tobe ‘attained = which giveth admirable fame and memory tothe deferver, and inflameth the noble mind with a vertuous emulation. The chief Sea-bordering Cities of Phanicia are Tr;. pelts, Byblis, Berytus, Sidon, Tyr#s, and Prolonsais now called ‘Acre. Tripolrs is {o called, becaufe it was: joyntly*buile by Tyras, Sidon, and \Aradas. It is feated under Lrbanus, and commanded’ by a well-furnifhed Citadel, “mafted with twothundred Famzaries. Before it there is an ill-neighbouting ‘bank “of fand, which groweth daily both in greatnefs-and neernefs; of which they have a pro- phelie, that it hall in procefs of time be devoured,: The Town and Teftitoriés are governed by.a Bafa, Two miles off, ‘and weft’ from it, is the haven; made ‘by a round piece of Jand adjoyning to thé main by an hms ; ‘the ‘mouth thereof fe- garding the North. On each fide there is a bulwark, kept by ‘an “hundred Janiza- ries, and planted with Ordnance to defend the éntrance. Hither of late the Grand Sigur hath removed the Seal, which was before at A/exandretra; a Town"in the furtheft extents of the Streights, beyond the River Orontess moft contagion{ly feated by reafon of the marifhes and lofty bordering mountains ( towards the North, being a part of Tasr#s) which deprive it of the rarifying Sun for no fmall part a Fk ee Byblis. Beritus. Sidon. 163 partof the day; infomuch, that not many Foreiners efcape, that there linger any feafon, who get not afhore before the Sun be high-mountéd, and return again ere too low-declining. Notwithftanding the Merchants do offer great fummes of Mo- ney, to have it reftored unto that place, asmore convenient for their Traffick with Aleppo (the principal Mart of. that place of A/a, for Silks, and fundry, other Com- Modicies), from thence, but three days journey, being eight from 7r:poly ; which the Turk will not yet aflent to, for that divers Ships have been taken out of that Rode by Pyrates, there being no Forts for protection, nor.no fit place to.ereét them on. (A thing ufual it is between Zr:poly and Aleppo, as between Aleppo and Babylon, to make tame Doves the fpeedy tranfporters of their Letters; which they, wrap about their legs like Jefles, trained thereunto at fuch times as théy have young ones, by bearing them from them inopen cages, A fowle of notable memory. Nor is it a modern in- vention; For we read that Thaurofthones, by.a Pigeon ftained with purple, gave no- ticeof his Viétory atthe Ofmpian-games,. the felf-{ame day to, his Father in e£ gina. By which means alfo the Conful Hires. held intelligence with Decimus Brutus befie- * ged in Afutina, The like perhaps is meant by the Poet, when he faith, As if from parts removed far, from fome —-—Tanquam ¢ diverfis partibus orbis Al woful Letrer (wifely wing'é {hould come, Ansia precipitt venifler Epiftola pennag ; Juv. Sat. 4. When the Cariftiansbelieged Acre, Saladine {ent out one.of thefe winged Scouts,’ to confirm the courages of the, belieged,. with. promife of a{peedy relief ;-when, I. know "not by what chance or policy,: intercepted, and furnifhed with a. contrary meflage, it occafioned a fudden furrender. . ee lee ) Byblis was the royal feat of .Cyzeras (who was alfo King of Cyprus) the Father of _ Adonis, flain by a Boar ; deified, and yearly deplored by the Syrians inthesmonth “of Fuse, they then whipping themfelves, with univerfal lamentations"Which done, upon one day they facrificed wnto,his. foul, asif dead ; “affirming on the next; thar he lived, and was afcended into Heaven. For feigned itis, that Venus made an agree= Ament with Proferpiwa, that for fixmoneths .of...the year, hé fhould, be prefent. with. her ; alluding unto corn which for fo long.is.buried under the Earthy and for: the reftof the year embraced: by the temperate. aire, which is Venus, Butiin the'ge- neral Allegory, Adonis is faid to be the Sunne, the Boar’-the“ Winter, whereby ‘his heat is extinguifhed ; whendefolate Venus (the Earth doth mourn) for his abfence, re-created again by his approach, and pro-creative vertie-. Aloft, and.not:farre from the Sea, ftood his celebrated Témple: The City was firft called Hevaay of FT evens (ixth{onne unto Cazaaz, Inthetime of the Chriftians, it was an Epifcopal See ; now a place of no reputation... Three miles on.this fide runs the River. of «4do- xis, which is faid by Lucraz, to have, ftreamed blood npon that folemnized day of his Obfequies. At this. day it is called Cauis, as they there report; of a Dog: of ftone (that now lies with his.heels upwards, in the bottome of the channel) which by ftrange magical motions and founds, fore-fhewed. the alternate fate of that Countrey. This was the Northern confines of the Kingdome, and Patriarchy of Fen r#falem. | : j : kom was fo called of the Idol Bersth, but originally,. Geris of Gergafus, fifth fon unto Canaan, It was f{ubverted by T7yphon, and re-edified by the Ronsans that there planted a Colony, and called it Fula Felix; who, by the bounty of Asugustss, were endued with the priviledges of Citizens of Rome. Agrippa.there placed two Legions, by whom, and his predeceflor Hered, it was greatly adorned ; as after with Chriftian Churches, and the See of a Bifhop, being under the Metropolitan of Tyras. With the reft, it hath loft his beauty, but not his being ; now ftored with Merchandize, and much frequented by Foreiners. | _ But now return we to Sidon, the moft ancient City of Phaviciay built, as fome write, by Sida the Daughter of Belas; according to others, by Sidon the-firft-born. of Caxaaz. Some do attribute the: building thereof to: the: Phexicians, who called it Sidox, in regard of the plenty of Fith, which frequented thofe coafts: for Sidox fig- nifieth fifh, in their language. In fame it.contendeth with Tyr#s, but exceedeth it in antiquity, and is more celebrated by the Ancients, The feat thereof is healthful, pleafant and profitable; on the one fide walled with the Sea, on the other fide with the fruitful mountains that lie before .Libanus ; from whence fall many {prings, where-with they over-flow their delicate Orchards, (which abound with all keg | rs 164 | The Emer. of Sidon. L LB. yw. of excellent fruits) and when they lift, exclude them. The making of Cryftal glafles - was here firft invented, tiade of the fore-faid fand, brought hither before it woul, 3 become fufible. Amongft others right famous, Srdow is honoured with the birth o; Boetius, and was an Epifcopal See, depending on the Arch-Bifhoprick of 7jras, Bu: | this once ample City ftill fuffering, with the often changes of thofe Countreys, is az this day contracted intonarrow limits; and onely fhews the foundations of her great- nefs, lying Eaft-ward of this that ftandeth, and over-fhadowed with Olives. There is nothing left of antiquity, but the fuppofed Sepulchre of the Patriarch Zebulon, in- ¢luded within.a Chappel amongft thofe ruines, and held (efpecially by the Fews) ‘in great veneration. The Town now being is not worth “our defcription ; the walls neither fair, nor of force; the Haven decayéd, when at beft but ferving for Gallies. At the end of the Peir ftands a paltry Block-houfe, furnifhed with fuitable artillery, The Mofque, the Bannia, andCane for Merchants, the onely buildings of note. _. ‘The Inhabitants are of fundry Nations, and Religions, governed by a fucceffion ‘of Princes, whom they call Evers; defcended, as they fay, trom the Drufes ; the xe- “mainder of thofe French men which were brought into thefe parts by Godfrey of Bulloign, who driven into the mountaitts above, and defending themfelves by the ad- vantage of the place, couldnever be utterly deftroyed by the Saracens. .At length, they afforded them peace, and liberty of Religion ; conditionally, that they, wore the whice Turbants, and paid fuch duties as the natutal fubyea. But in tra& of time, they fell from the knowledge of Chrift, nor throughly embracing the other, are in- deedof neither. As for this Emer, he was never known to pray, nor everfeenina ‘Mofque. His name is Faccardine, {mall'of ftatres but great in courage and atchiev- ments; about the age of forty, fubtilasa Fox,andnot alittle inclining to the Tyrane. Fle never commenceth battel,nor executeth any notable Defign, without the confene of his Mother. Illa magas atres ABmaque carmina novit, Skil'din black Arts,fhe makes treams backward ris ~ Inque caput liquidas artérecurvat aquas. The virtues knows of weeds ; of laces [pun | ey beng a Sauaet> pid rorto. confit MAMbO ooh “Ope ebebls sand poyfon of luast-flung mare, Cla, Quid Valedat VILUs amantis eque. ; - : . Gian voit toto glomeraritir nubaa ceelo : Fair dayes makes cloudy, and the - loudy fi air s Cum voluit puro fulget in orbe dies, * Stars to drop blood, the Moon look, bloods Ly, a Sanguine; f qua fides, ftillantia {ydera vidi, And plum'd (alive) doth through usghts fhadoms fy. Purpurcus Lun fanguine yultus erat. << The dead calls frons-their graves to further h ar Tas, Hance ego noGurnas vivam volitare per-umbras | Aid cleaves the folid earth with her long charms. Sufpicor, & pluma corpus anile regi. te Ais! Evocat antiquis proavos,arayofque fepulchris, Ex folidam‘longo carmine'findit humum. Ovid. Am. 1.1. E. 8. To this Town he hath-added a kingly Signiory: what by his fword, and what by his ftratagems.: When:Adorar Baffa (now principal Vizier) came firtt to his Sovern- . ment of Damafco, he made him his by his free entertainment and bounty, which hath converted to-his no fmall advantage ; of whom he madé ufe in his contention with - Frecke, the Emer of Balbec, by his authority ftrangled. After that he pickt a quarrel with Fofeph Emer of Tripoly, and difpofleft him of Barat, with the territories belone- ing thereunto; together with Gazar, about twelve miles beyond it, a place’ by fitua- tion invincible. This Fofeph hated of his people, for his exceifive tyranny, got to be -made Sedzar of Damafco, (whichis, General of the Souldiery) and by that power in- tended arevenge. Butin the mean feafon, Faccardine fackt T: ripoly it felf, and forced the Emer to flie in a Venetian {hip unto Cyprus, where again he imbarqued in a French« man, and landeth at the Caftle of Peregrines ; and there by Achmer the Arabian (for- “merly mentioned) entertained, hé repaired to Damafco, entred on his charge,convert- ting his whole ftrengthapon the Sidenannow in'the field,& joyn’d vvith Ali Baffa his confederate.In a plain, fome eight miles fhort of Dama(co,the Armies met: the Dana- {cens are foiled,and purfued to the gates'of the City ; the conquerors lodge in the fu- burbs, vvho are removed by the'force of an hundred and fifty thoufand Saltanies. This battle vvas fought about the midft of Movember, in the year of our Lord 1606. Three moneths after a peace is concluded amongit them. But the fummer follovving, Aforat the great Vzaser having over-throvvn 4; Baffa of Aleppo, that valiant Rebel (vvho in three main battels vvithftood his vvhole forces ; having fet tip an order of Sedgmmen in oppofition of the Famzariee) they fought by manifold complaints, to. incenfe him againit the Emer of Sidon, as confederate vvith the Traitor ; vvhich they urged vvith 4 LA ‘gifts, received and loft; for the old Baffa, mindful of the friendly offices dotie him by the LI is. | Zhe Emer of Sidon. 16g the Emer, (corrapted slfo, as is thought, with great {ums of money) not onely not molettarh, batdeclareth him a good fubjecét. Having, ull of late; held good corre= {pondeacy with the City and Garrifon of Damafco, they had aadethinl Sanciack of Saher. Now, when according to the Government of Turkie, which once in two or three years doth ufe to remove the Governouts of Cities and Provinces, and that another was fent by the Damafcens, to facceedhim, he refufed to relign it 5 notwithitanding teadring to the Tefradar, or Treafurer, the revenueof thar Saz- ziakry. This was the firit occalion of their quarrel. Ele got from the improvident Pefanrs tie Caltle of Elkiffe, which he hath ftrongly fortified, and made the re- ceptaci¢ of his Treafure 5 and the Cattle of Banies from the Sheck that ought it; by a wile ; which {tandech on a hill by it felf, and ist indeed by nature invincible. For the Emer,in peaceable manner, pitching his Tents not far from the wall, was kind- ly vifited, and entertained by the Sheck ; when defirous to fee it, he conducted him up, having not avove twenty or thirry in his company, but thofe privately armed ; leaving order that the reft fhould afcend by two’s and by threes, and fo furprized it ‘without bloodfhed ; planting the Inhabitants in other places within his Domini- ons, and ftrengthening this with a Garrifon. Oatof che Rock whereon it is mounted grifeth one of the two heads of Jordaz. His Seisniory ftrétching from the River of Canis (which they caliCe/p) to the foot of Mount Carmel. In which the places of rincipal note are Gaair, Barut, Sidon, Tyras, Acre, Safer (which was ybertas ) Diar,Ccansar ,E lkaff ¢,Bannias, the two heads of Jordan, the Lake Semochontis(now cal- led Houle) and fea of Tyberias: with the hot bath adjoyning ; Nazareth, Caray and Mount Tabor, Saffer is the principal City, in which there abide a number of Fews, who affect the place, in that Jacob had his being thereabout , before his going down into egypt. The Grand Signior doth often threaten his fubverfion, which he puts off with a jel, that he knows that he will not this year trouble him ; whofe difpleafure is not fo much provoked by his incroaching, as by the revealed intelli- gence which he holds with the Florentine, whom ‘he fuffers to harbour within his haven of Tyrus, (yet exculing it as.a place lying wafte, and not to be defended) to come afhore for frefh water, buyes of him under-hand his’ prizes, and furnifheck him with neceffaries. But defignes of a higher nature haye been treated of be=- ‘tween them, as is well known. to certain Merchants. imployed in chat bufineffe. ‘And Iam verily perfwaded, that if the occafion were {aid hoid of, and freely pur {ued by the Chriftians, it would terribly fhake, if not utterly confound the Ortoman Empire. It is faid of a certainty, that the Terk will turn his whole forces upon him the nest Summer; and therefore more willingly condefcends to a peace with the Perfiax. But the Emer is not much terrified with the rumous (although he feeks to divert the tempeft by continuance of giits, the favour of his Friends, and profef= {ed integrity :) for he not alittle prefumeth of his invinceable Forts, well ftored for’ a long war, and advantage of the Mountains; having befides forty thonfand expert Souldiers in continual pay ; part of them AZoors, and part of them Chri- ftians: andif the wort fhould fall out, hath the Sea to frieud, andthe Florentine And in fuch an exigent, intendeth; as is thought, to make for Chriftendom, and there to purchafe fome Seigniory : For the opinion is, that he hath a mafle of Treas fure, gathered by Wiles and Extortions, as well from the Subject, as from the - Forrainer. He hath coyned, of late, a number of counterfeit Dutch Dollars, which he thrafteth away in payments, and offers in exchange to the Merchants fo that no new Dutch Dollars, though never fo good, will now go current in Sidow, He hath the fifth pare of the increafe of allthings. The Chriftians, if Fews, do pay for their heads two Dollars a. piece. yearly; and héad-money he hath for all the Cattel within his Dominions. A fevere fufticer ; re-edifies ruinous, and replants depopu= lated places; too ftrong for his Neighbours, and able to maintain a defenfive War with the Twrk,; but thatit is to be {ufpeéted, that his people would fall from him Now as for the Merchants, who are for the moft part — in regard of his Tyranny. Englifh, they are entertained with all courtefie and Freedom; they may Travel without danger, with their Purfes in their hands, paying for Cuftome but three in the hundred. Yer thefe are but trains to allure them, and difguife his voracity ; for if a Factor die, asif the owner, and he his heir, he will feize on the goods belonging to his Principals; and feem to do them a favour, in admitting of 4 Redemption under the value; fo that they doe but labour for his harvelt, and reap for his gar-* ners: Forfuch and fuch like things, they generally intend to forfake his Coun- trey. The Merchandize appropriate to this place ar€ Cottons, and Silks, which here ‘ | , s _ are 166 Damafcus. Sarepta. Elutberus. Lal By 33! are made in the Mulberry groves, in indifferent quantitye Ocher Commodities (which are many, and not courfe) they fetchfrom Damafco, two dayes journey from hence; interpofed with the fhow-topt mountains of Antelibanus . fo Cathedral Church was dedicated. This greatly ruined City 1s yet the ftrongett in the Ifland, the feat of the Zaazack,; who was lately put into an affright upon the approach of the Florentine Ships, that he fully purpofed, as.is:credibly reported, to have furren- dred it upon their landing. But they ( perhaps poffelt with a mutual terror ) forbear to attemptit. The aforefaid region of Salama (which lyeth on the Eaft of the Hland ) contained alfo the celebrated Citles of Aphrodifiune, Tamaffus abounding with Vitriol, and Verdigreafe ; Arjinoe, Idalium and the neighbouring groves fo chanted of ; the Olympian Promontory ( where Venas had her Temple, into which it was not lawful for any woman to enter) with the hill on the oppolite Pedafivm,.{quare on the top like a table, and.cried unto her, as all the afore-named. In-the territory of Lapathia comprehending the North-part, where once, ftood Tremitus ; in the heart almoft of the Ifland, and midft of a goodly Plain ftands the late regal City of Nécofa; circular in form, and five miles in circumference; not yielding in beauty ( before. defaced by the Turk.) unto the.principal Cities of Jraly ; taken by the atorefaid AZufaphaon the ninth of September, in the year 1570, with an uncredible flaughter, and: death of Dandalas the un-warlike Governour. The chief of the prifoners, and richett {poyls, he caisfed to be imbarqued in two tall (hips, and 4 great Gallion; for a prefent. to fend linto Se/ymus > when’a noble and beautiful Lady, preferring an honourable death be- fore a lite which would prove fo repleat with flavery, and haved proftitations; fet fire on certain barrels of powder, which not only tore in pieces the veflels that carried her, but burnt the other fo low, ‘that the Sea devoured their reliques. © The Franks have their fators refident in Wicofa; partly inhabited by the ancient Greek Cypriots, and partly by Turks and Afoores. The buildings are low, flat-roof'd, the entrances little, for the moft part-afcended by ftairs for the more difficult entry. North of this, * and upon the Sea, ftood Cerevina, erected: by Cyprus, now of great ftrength, and called Cerines;,.( yet furrendred to the ‘Turk: before it was befieged) and at the Welft-end of that Province, the City of the Sua, with the Temples of Vexzus, and Tfis built by Phalerus and Achamus the Athenians; The Mountain of Olmprs lies on the South of Lapathia, high, and taking up fifty miles with his bafis; now calfed, The Mountain of the holy Ctofs; clothed ‘with’trees of all forts, and ftored with’ Fountains, whereon area number of Monafteriés pofleft -by the Greek, Colaséros of the Order of Saint Bafi/i: South of che whichyeven to the Sea, extendeth msarhala. -——ptavidameue Amachuniea metallis. wh Chath ty r ey ee re (s ; Ovid. Met. J. 10. fo called of the City 4mathus, now {carcely fhewing her foundation,~ facred unto Venus, and wherein the rites of her Adows were annually celebrated. Built perhaps into Amafis (for 1 do but conjecture by the name, and in that it lieth oppofite unto Egypt ) who was the firft that conquered Cyprus. Eaft thereof are the Sale, fo na- med of the abundance of {alt that is made there ; where the Turk did firft land his Army; the fhore thereabout being fit for that purpofe. On the Welt-fide of 4ma- thus there is'a promontory, in form of a pev-infula, called formerly Carias ( of the not far diftant City built by the 4rgives, at thisday named Epz/copa, where Apollo had a grove hard by a promontory; from whence they were thrown that but prefamed to touch his Altar ) now called the Cape of Cats: whereon are the ruines of a Monaftery of Greek Coloieros, fair when it flourifhed, with a fumptuous Temple, dedicated to St. Nicholas. The Monks, as they fay, being obliged.to fofter.a number of Cats for the déftruétion of the abundance of Serpents that infefted thofe quarters; accuftoming to return to the Covent at the found of a.Bell-when they had fuftciently hunted, Paphia comprehendeth the Weft of Cyprus § fo called of the maritime City, built by the fon of Pigmalion by his Ivory ftatue; . fuch faid to be in regard. of her beauty ; of whom having long lived a fingle life (in deteftation of thofe luftfull. women) he became in- amoured, shsned Illa Paphun genuit, de quo tenet infula nomen. She Paphus bare, whofe. name that Ifland bears Ovid. Met, 1. 10. But Paphus, according to others, was built by Cyneras (both father and agile to | Adonis) LB: 4: Oprus. 173 Adonis) who called it fo in remembratice of Paphushis Father. This Cyneras having {worn to alit Menelans with fifty fhips, fene him only one, with the modells of the other in clay to colour his perjury. No place there was through the whole earth where Vexus was more honoured. Ubi templum ill, centumque Sabzo Thure calent are, fertifque recentibus halen. Virg. Ain. |. 2. An bundred fires Sabean guns confume There in her fane, which fragrant wreaths perfume. Five miles from thence tands the City of Bafa, called New Papho heretofore, and built by 4.gapenor, frequeuted from all parts both by men and women ; who went from. zheénce in a folemn proceffion unto the Old, to pay their vows, and celebrate her fo- lemnities. But het Femples both in the one, and in the ether (as thorow-out the whole Ifland) were razed to the ground by the procurement of Saint Barnaby. Welt of this ftood Cythera, a litcle village, at this day called Conucha ; facred alfo unto Venus, and which once did give a name unto Cypras. That, and not the Jfland that lies before Mine Amathus, high Paphos, C ytherdy. Eft Amathus eft celfa mihi Paphos arque Cythera, Idalia groves —— Idalizque dormus.« Virg. Zn. io, The utrermott promontory that ftretcheth to thie Wet, with the fuper-eminent moun- tain, now called Capho, Saint Pifano ; bore formerly the name of the Athenian Aca- mus: Fatt of which ftood the City of drive (atthis day Lefeare’) renowned fot the groves of Fapiter. This Iflanid boatts of the births of o£ /clupiades, Solon, Zeno the Stoick, and author of that Sect, Apollonius, and Xenophon. Ac the firit it was fo over- . grown with wood, that befides the mfinitée wafte made thereof,in the. melting of met- tals « it was decreed that’every man, fhould inherit »as much as he could make cham~ aign. A Countrey abounding with all things neceflary for life; and therefore called Macaria. Whole wealth allured the Rovans tomake aconqueftthereof : a prey that more plentifully furnifhed their coffers, than the. reftcof their-triumphs,. It aftordeth matter to build a fhip from the bottom of the keele to che top of wher top-gallant, and to furnifh her with tackle and munitions “It prodacethoyle and grain of feveral forts ; wine that latetli unto the eighth year; grapes whereof they make Raifius of the Sun ; Citrons, Oranges, Pomegratiates, Almonds, Figs, Saffron; Coriander, Sugar-canes : fun- dty herbs as well Phyfical as for food; turpentine; rubarbe, colloquintida, fcammony, acc. But the ftaple commodities are, Cotton-woolls( the beftiof the Orient ) chamolets, {alt, and fope-athes. They have plentiful Mines of ‘brafss fome. {mall ftore. of Gold and Silver green foder, vitriol, allome, orpiment, white and red=lead, iron, and di- vers kinds of precious ftoues of inferior value, amongft which the:emerald, and the turkie. But itis in the Summer exceeding hot, and unhealthy, and ‘annoyed with fer- pents. The brooks ( for Rivers it hath none ) rather merit the name. of Torrents, be- ing often exhaufted by the Sun : infomuch, as in the time of C onftantine the Great, the Vand was for fix and chirty years together almoft utterly abandoned ; tain never fal- ling during that feafon.. It was firit pofleffed by the fons of Faphet payed tribute firft by the Egyptian Amafis ;: then conquered by Be/us, and governed by the pofterity of Tencer, untill Cyras expulfed the nine Kings that there ruled. But after the Grecrans repottett the fovereignty, and kept it uncill the death of Nicocles. and then it conti- nued under the government of the Prolomees, till thé Romans took it from ‘the laft of that name; reftored it was again to Cleopatra, and her fitter 4rfinoe, by Axntomus, But he over-thrown, it was made a Province of Rome . ‘atid’ with the tranfmigration of the Empire, {ubmitted to the Bizantine Emperors 5 being riled by a fucceffion of Dukes for the fpace of eight hundred years, when conquered by ott “Richard the fir, and given in exchange for the titular Kingdome of Ferufalem unto Guy of Lufignan, itcon- tinued‘in his family, untill in the year 1473 it was by Catharina -Cornclsa a V enetian Lady, the widow toKing Fames the baftard, who‘had taken the fame by ftrong hand from his Sifter Carlotce, refigned to'the Veuetians, who ninety feven. years after. did lofe itco the infidels, under whofe yoke it now sroaneth. Butitisfor the moft partin-— habited by Greciazs, who have not long (ince attempted: an. unfortunate infurrection. Their Ecclefiattical eftate is governed by one Arch-bifhop, and three Bifhops ; The Metropolitan of 2sco/a, the Bifhop of Famugofta, Paphus, and Amarhns, who live upon ftipends. ) a ee ep Much 174 Crete. | SL Ba, Much becalmed, and not feldome crofled by contrary winds, for divers days we faw Sea, and Air onely (yet once. within} ken of a Promontory of Lycia, called the feven Capes) until we approached the South-ealt of Candy, called formerly Creta, Creta Jovis magni nutrix veneranda feraxque Crete facred nurfe to Fove, afruitful ground Et pee es a eg? With Corn and Cattel fior'd ionyf. and to make up the diftich with that of Homers, ———pulchra, pinguis, circumflua. Hom. Odyl, I 9. ‘Itlieth an hundred miles South-welt from the lefler A/a, as many South-eaft Be Pelopowefus, and North of Africa; an ‘hundred and fifty: wherefore-aptly faith Homer, fair, fat, fea-bound ; Creta quide cerra medio eft in nigro ponto. +. Cretéia the mid St of the dark, Sea doth Sand. Idem. sce ee imitated by Virgil, Creta Jovis.:magni medio jacet infula ponto. «Crete feated in the midst of Seas, Foves land, Vir. Zn, |, 3. ses a : lying neither in the Adriatick, “Egean; Carpathian, nor Libyaw Seas; whichon each fide environ it. It ftretcheth two. hundred and fifteen miles from Eaft to Welt : containing forty:five:in breadth, .and in circuit five hundred and twenty. Full of mountains, yet thofe not unprofitable , affording excellent ‘pafturage; the higheft isda, “ado 3 . da frequens piceis & quercubus optima mater.“ 92 pitch rich above other ae Dionyf, 8 2000 os Of Oaks the pregnant mother : feated almoft in the midft of:the Ifland, now called P/ilorrit: ;. from whofe lofty and fpiny ‘top both feas may:be difcerned. Where ftandeth a little-Chappel ; compact of great {quare {tones without lime; in form of an Arch; being there fo exceeding cold in the heat of the Summer (at»which time.Goats..and Sheep.can. onely graze there) that the Shepherds are glad to defcend before night into the Valley. From thence iffue many {prings.:- Some partof it is a plain defcent, fome precipitate, fome clo- ehed with Trees of deveral kinds; but by the Cyprefs efpecially graced. Ic fottreth nothing thatis wild,’ but Hares, red Deer, and Fallow; and is the inheritance of the Calargy: a'Family. that for this thoufand years, have retained a prime repute in this Wand. Twoother mountains of fame there be, cic ove at the Weft end, called anciently Leacare, now la'Spacha; another at the Eaft-end, now called Sethiz ond anciently Dita, which-teceiveth thatname from Diana, to whom this Ifland was greatly devoted ; it fignifying Nets + fhe being an Huntrefs and Patronefs of Ffunters: ‘Ades en comita Diva Virago _. Virage, thou that fovereign art a regna pars terrarum. | Of woo dic uadsveftess The Crecn Flare ecreta vacat ce ae } - tua Crereas Thy hand parfi nes, and with quick cunning Dextra : Sequitur cervas : nunc veloces Figis Damas Jeviore manu, Senec. in Hipp. The ftory goes; how one Britomart, a Nymph of this Ifland, eagerl ‘ chafe, and overthrown ere aware in a toile, gee able to free ‘her ele, ect rufhing upon her’; fhe voweda Temple to Diana, if fo be fhe efcaped that: dan 4 who forth-with fet her on her feet., and of thofe Nets was called Diétynna : Dianaalf affuming thatname for the love which fhe bare her. The ancient Geographer: do joyntly affirm, with /irgi/,that the Cretzans i Parser Strikes thorow the fwifter F allow ranning, me ee mognas, hae Didin an hundred ample Cities dwell-s which were not fo many in the dayes of Homer : ———in hac nonaginta civitates With ninety Cities c Pa eg pach nl er movem annos regnayit Jovis magno cene : 3 ! Ca 6 k F a Of Minos, he that talkt with Fove. fabulator. Odyf. 1.29. This ‘LIB. a Crete. “3 This City long held the Regality ; feated ina plain, not far from the Eaft, extent of the Ifland, and from the North fhore not above tix Furlongs, where it had a conve- nient Haven: long fince, having nothing left but a found of the name ; a little Vil- lage there ftanding, called Cinofas. The next in dignity was : E Gortina bene cin@a meenibus. Gortina frrongl ) wall’ d—— Hom, Od. Lrg. feated not far from the Southern bafis of /da: who fheweth what fhe was by her ru- ines ; there yet remaining an Aquaduét entire, fupported by a number of arches, certain ftragling honfes pofleffing the place, now named AZatana. The third Cydonia now next to the greateft, and called Cavea: feated towards the Welt, and onthe Noth-fhores enjoying a large and fafe harbour. Thefe three were all of chofe hun- dred that remained (or at leaft retained their repute) in the days of Strabo, who was of this Countrey. For onely it hath atthis day Candy, and Cauea, fortified by Art, Rherizes, and Sitia, by Nature. Candy, that now giveth a name to the Mland, ftanding upon the North-fhore (as do all the reft) is a {trong atid well inhabited City, accommodated with an excellent Harbour; of which the elder Scaliger : , are { 277° ~ Centum olim cinétas operofis moenibus urbes An hundre d Cities finely ra t f Of ge 515 fey. Reddidit ad paucas neler dies F ame fings ) Times waft barb now reduc 4 lec Oppida parva tamen reor illa fuifle, fed au@a Small Towns I judg the; wer? Yet what deftroy Quod deeft ex reliquis Candia fola referc, _ Lin all ; alone by Candy is [upply'd. J. C. Scale The whole Ifland is divided into the Provinces.of Canaa, Rhetimo, Candia, and Sitia, lying further Baft-ward: {treagchened both by the fhore, in iew places approachable, and by the many Fortreffes. It hath no navigable Rivers, It aboundeth with Grain,Oyl, | and Fruits of allkinds: among the reft, with the apples of Adam; the juice whereof they tunup and fend into Tarkre, much ufed by them in their meats. The mountains afford diverfity of Phylicalherbs: as Ciflus (and that in great quantity). from whence they do gather their Ladanum, Halimus, that refifteth Famine, and Di@amnns, fo fo- wereign for wounds; whofe vertue was firft found out by Stags, and Bucks, that by eating thereof, ejected the arrows wherewith they were wounded. Ufed by Venus, in the cure of her e£ eas. ; ae. . fa manu genetrix Cretea carpit ab Id With her white hand the crops from Cretian Ide i ate : P 4 ee Le d A ulveribus caulem foliis, & flore com The frefpleav d ftalk.. with flamer in purpledi'd. Purpureo,. non illa feris incognita ao bug A foverargu hearh well Ruown to fearful Deer, Gramina cum tergo volueres heefere {agitra Whofetremblixg fid:s she winged arrows bear. : Virg. Zin, Lt.zz, But that which principally enricheth this:Countrey, is their Mufcadines and Malm- fies, thofe kind of grapes brought firft hither from Arefiaz, a mountain of Chios, Wines that feldom come uwito us uncutéed, but excellent where not, (as within the ftreichts) and compared unte Nectar, | Crete I confefs, Toves fortrels'to be's Vera quidem fateor Jovis incunabula magni Mind Sean Qea gs hy a OOS Nam liquor haud alibi Ne@aris ille yenit. For Netiar onely 1s transferr’d from thee é Lhe sia : The ancient inhabitants of this Ifland are related by Homers Hlyffes : Tufinite pzople of mixt {peech here dwell : aia In hac autem homines Achai ans, Eteocretans. who excel Alia alio nia Mieke mixta, in ipfa uidem Achivi; In valour ; Cidous, Dorians, Trichaites, simini ibt ay Ibi autem Eteocretes magnamini ibique Cidones, Dorenfefque, Trichaites, divinique Pelafgi, Hom, Odyff. 1, 19. Divine Pelafgians. a But the natural people hereof were the Czdoxians, and Eteoeretans, or €uretes,fo anci- ent, that they are feigned even in this place to have their creation. The fat named In- habited /de, Cretas their firft King, of whom the Ifland was fo named. They lived in caves, (for houfes then were not) and ufed no other coverture than Nature afforded them. They found out many things ufeful for life ; as the taming of cercain Beats, whom they gathered firit into Flocks and Herds; and brought civility among{t men, by nftituting Laws, and oblerving of Difcipline. They taught how to direét the voice ng yrs 96 w€rete. Malta. | Lp. 4: unto harmony, pofleffing the mind with the awe of Religion, initiating with Orders - and Ceremonies, They found out the ufe of Brafs,and Jron,with the Sword,and Heéad- piece : the Grtt inventers of fhooting hunting,and dancing in Armour.Being called /d¢ Daéhili, either in regard of their numbers; or-obferved meafixres: but according to Diodoras, of their ten E phori. The progerie of the Painim gods were born in this Ifland, to whom divine hononts were a{cribed : tofome for their beneficial ikventions, to others for introducing Jultice.amongit men, repulfing of injuries and violence, che- rifhing the good, deterring the bad, fupprefling by force of armes the tyrants of the earth, and relieving the opprefied.But that they were no other than mortals, the Cre~ tans themfelves do teftifie,who affirm that Jupster was not onely born and bred in their Countrey, but buried, and did fhew his Sepulchre (though reproved by Callimachas’ Cretes mendaces femper Rev alme fepulchrum (Still lying Cretians, facred K ing, dare rear Erexere tuum ; tu vivis femper & ulque eS Thee a tomb : thou ever hut, and art each where.) ‘on the mountain Laf/a: and that he was -foftered by the Careresin e£ ginds, which lieth on the South of Jda; conceled and delivered unto them by his Mother, topre- vent his flaughter. For Saturne refolved to deftroy his, male.children: either having fo compaéted with his brother Tytaz, or. to prevent the Prophecie, which was that his fon fhould depofe him. A cruelty ufed amongft the Grecizns it was (arid therefore this not to be held for a Fable) to expofe the Infants whom they would ‘not fofter, unto the mercy of the Defarts. Long after the death of thefe reputed Gods, lived Mines, and Rhadamant ; who for their juttice upon earth, were feigned after to have been Judges in Fell. Notorious is the adulcery of Phafiphae, with the General Tane rus; which gave unto the Poets the invention of their 7Zizetaur (fo called they the Battard ) Deftinat hune Minos thalami removere pudorein, To hide his marriage [hame, him Minos doomes Multiplicique fone eae tectis. To duranceinun- explic ablevoows. Daedalus ingenio fabrze celebertinms artis ‘ 5 a ieee Ponit opus, turbatque notas & lumina flexu. i * a woe fae "s - Me ‘ oe nding Ducit in errorem vatiatum ambage viarum. Darel YY refemblance : abonnaing Ovid. Met. 1.8. With winding ways, the Maze of errour rounding. made an imitation of that in Egypt, asaforefaid. But no tract thereof remained in the dayes of Pliny, ‘although at this day, the Inhiabirants.-undertook . to\ fhew it unto. ftrangers, For between where once and Gortina, atid Guoffus, at the footof #dasun- der the ground are many Meanders hewn out of the Kock, now turning this way, and now that way; infomuch chat it is not without a condu€touy,to be entred, which you are to hire at the adjoyning Village, I have heard an Englifh Merchant fay (who hath feenit) thatit was'fo intricate, and vatt, that a guide which ufed to fhew it un- to others for twenty years together, loft:himfelf therein, and was never more heard of Within are little turrets, which over-look the walls that make the divifions, in many places not reaching tothetop. But by moft this, is thought to have been bur a quarry, where they had the ftone that built both Gzoffas, and Gortina, being forced to leave fich walls for the fupport of the Roof, and by following of the veins to make “Hfo intricate. AZetellus firft made the Creteans {toop.to the Romanes. After they were under the Greek, Emperours, until Baldwin the Latize Emperour of Conftantino- ple beftowed the Ifland upon Bontfaces Marquels of Adenteferrato., who fold it tothe PF enetians inthe year 1194. - Bucin thetime of Duke Dandalus, they rebelled, and were again in the year 1343, reduced to their obedience.» So'remain they at this day, . the Greeks being permitted the free exercife of their Religion, by whomit is for the oft part ‘inhabited. And although in many things they imitate the Vexetians, yet (till retain they their old'vices; Liers, evil Beaffs, flow Bellies, whereot formerly up- braided by Saint Paw, out of their Poet Epsmendes. They ftill exercife fhooting ; wherein throughout all Agesthey haveexcelled, ———... Grioffafque agirare pharetras _ Guoffians good Archers are,t he ufe of bowes, Dota, ne pele Gortina fagittis Not Parthia better then Gortina knows : ufing the Scythian Bow, but.much-better then, the Scythraas. The Countrey people do Dance with their Bows ready bent on their armes, their Quivers hanging on their - Lea, Malta. | 177 cheir backs). and their fwords by ‘their fides, imitating therein their anceftors, (a _ ~rtone alfo amongtt the Lacedensonans) called by them Pyrricha: and as of ‘old, {6 nfe they c6 fing in their daacings, and reply toone another, The better fort of men are apparelled like the Vewetzans, and fo are the women, who feldome ftir abroad; excegt it be to the-Caurch, buciathe nighttime. The common people are clothed like the Greeks of Simo, of waom wehave fpoken; the women‘onely wearing loofé veils oa their heads, the brefts and fhoulders perpetually naked, and died by the Sun into aloathfome.tawny. . oh . ; Now out of fight of Candie, the winds both, flack and contrary, we were . forced to bear North-ward of our courfe, until we came within view of Zant’ wher2-ouf Matter purpofed to. put in (fince we could not fhorten our way ) to farnith the fhip with frefh water and other provifions, But a-non, we difcover five {ails making towards us, and imagining them to be men of War, made all things ready for defence: When to our better comfort, they proved all Exgi(>, and pound for: Exgland, with, whom we conforted; they having fupplyed our neceffi- ‘ties, Theirnames were the Atha, (Admiral,) the Centaure (Vice-adwiral,) the Delight, the Blefing, anda fhip of P)itsmouth, called (if 1 forget not). the fexa- than. Two dayesatcer (the winds. now. fomething more friendly) the Admiral gave chafeto.a little fhip, which we fuppofed a Pirar, who left hee courfe,. and fled betore the wind; fo that-without too much expence of time he could not approach her. We palt by the South-fide of Srcrlia, and left falta on the left tiand; when out of hope to be fet a fhoar (for it was the purpofe of our Mérchant before he met with thefe conforts, to have touched at Adeffina) and fadded with the apprehention of fo tedious.a voyage; onthe fudden the wind came about, and blowing. fiercely Welt and by North, -did-all the night following exercife his fury. Whereby our fhips ra- ther lodng then gaining of their way, and exceedingly tofled, the weather not like- ly to.aiter, they refolved toputinto\44Zalta. So on the fecond of Jane being Sun- day, we entred the Haven that lies on the Eaft-fide of the City of Valetta ; which we faluted with eighteen pieces of Ordnance. But.we were not fuffered to come into ‘the City, (though every. fhip hada. neat Patent to fhew, that thofe places from whence they came were free from Infeétion) nor futfered to depart when the wind blew fair ; which was within a dayor two after. For the Galleys of the Religion were thenfetting forth, tomake fome attempt upon Barbgry ; and the reafon of the reftraint was, left being taken by, the Pirats, or, touching upon occalion at Trzpoly, Tunis or. Argirey their deignes might’ be by compulfion or. voluntarily revealed = nor- would they faffer any Frigot of their.own for fear of {urprifal, to go out of the Haven, until many dayes. after rhat che Gallies were departed. But becanfe the Exg- Efpwerefo frong (a great fhipot Holland putting alfo into feek company) and that rhey intended to make no more Potts ; on the fixth of June, they were licenfed to fet fail, the, Mafters having the night before in their feveral long-boats, attended the return of the Great Maiter (who had been abroad in his Galley, to view a Fort that then. was building) and-welcomed.him. home, with one and twenty pieces of Ord- nance. 7 10 ‘Baivia wae | But no intreaty. could get me aboard; choofing rather to under-go all hazards and hardneffe whatfoever, then fo.long.a voyage.by fea, to my nature fo irkfome. And fo was I. left alone on. a naked promontory right again{t the City, remote from. the concourfe of people, without. provifion, and not knowing how to dif- pofe of my felf. At length a little Boat made towards me, rowed by an Officer ap- Sointed to atrend on ftrangers that had no Prattick, left others by comming into their company Should. receive the infe@tion ; who carried me to the hollow hang- ing_of a Rock,, where I was for the night to take up my lodging ; and the day following to be conveyed by him unto the Lazaretra, there to remain for thirty or forty dayess before I could be admitted into the City. But, behold, an accident, which I rather thought at firft to have been a .Vifions. then (as I found it) real. My Guardian being departed to fetch me fome Viatuals, laid along, and mufing on my prefent condition, a Phalscco arrived at the place. Out of which there ftept two old women; the one made me donbt whether fhe were fo or no, fhe drew her face into fo many forms, and. with fuch antick. geftures, fared. upon me. Thefe rwo did {pread a Turkie carpet on the Rock, and on that a table-cloth, which they farnifhed with variety of the choyceft viands. Another arrived, which fet a Gal- lant ‘a-fhore with his two Amorofaes, attired like Nymphs, with Lutes in their hands, full of difport and forcery. For little would they fuffer him to ¢at, but abn 178 ae Malta. | Lib. 4. he received with his mouth from cheir fingers. Sometimes the oné would play on the py pei ea fang, and laid his head inher lap ; their falfe eyes looking upon him, as if their hearts were troubled with paffions. The attending Hags had no {mall pare in the Comedy, adminiftring matter of mirth, with their ridiculous moppings. Whoindeed (asI after heard) were their mothers, bornin Greece, and by them brought hither to trade amongit the un-married fraternity. Atiength, : the French Captain (for fuch he was, ana of much regard) came and intreaced’ me to take a partof their Banquet, which my ftomach perfwaded me to acceptof.' He willed them to make much of the Foreffier 3 but they were not ‘to be taught enter- tainment, arid grew fofamiltar, as was not much to his liking. But ‘both«he and they, in pitty ot my hard lodging, did offer to bring me into the’ City by night (an offence; that if. known, is punifhed by death) and back again in the morning. While@ they were urging me thereunto, my Guardjan returned, aiid with him a Mealtefe, whofe Father was an Englifh man: he made acquainted therewith,did by all means dehort them. At length (the Captain having promifed to labour my ad- ‘miteatice into the City) they departed. When a good way from fhoar, the curti- zans ftript themfelves, and leapt into the Sea; where they violated all the prefcripti- onsof modefty, . But the Captain the next morning, was not unmindful of his pro- mife, foliciting the Great Mafter in my behalf, as he fate in Council ; who with the affent of the Great. Crofles, granced me Prattick. So I came into the City, and was kindly entercained in the houfe of the aforefaid Afaltefe : where for three weeks {pace, with much contentment I remained. — - Malta doth lie in the LybiazSea, right between T7ipolrs of Barbary, and the South- eaft angle of Sicilia diftant an hundred four-fcore and ten miles from the one, and three-fcore from the other. Itcontaineth three-fcore miles in circuit: and was cal- led formerly AZelitayof the abundance of honey. A Countrey altogether champaign, beins no other then a Rock covered with earth, but two feet deep where the deepett, havino few trees but fuch as bear fruit, whereof of all forts plentifully furnifhed. So that their wood they have from Sicilia; yet there is a kind of great Thiftle, which together with cow-dung, ferves the countrey people for fuel ; who need not muchin - a Climate fo exceeding hot,hotter by much than any other which is feated in that fame atallet: yet fometimes temperate by the comfortable winds, to which it lies open. pees there arenone, but fundry Fountains. Thé’oil produceth no grain but Barley. Bread made of it, and Olives, is the Villagers ordinary diet ; and withthe ftraw they fuftain their Cattel. Commin-feed, Annif-feed, and Honey, they have herein . abundance, whereof they make Merchandizé $ and an indifferent quantity of Cotton- wool, but that the belt of alfuther. ‘The Inhabitants die more with age then difeafes, , and heretofore were reputed fortunate for their excellency in Arts, and curious Wea- vings. They wereat firft, a Colony of the Pheenicians, who exercifing Merchandize as fr as the great Ocean, betook themfelves to this Ifland’; ‘and by the commodity of the Haven, attained to much riches and honour : (who yet retain fome print of the Punke language, yet fo, that they now differ not much from the Morefco) and builtin the midft thereof the City of Alita (now called AZalta) giving or taking a‘name from the Ifland. Now whether it came into the Hands of Spam, with the Kingdom of Sicilia, or won fromthe AZoores: by their {words, (probable both by their Lan- guage, and that it belongeth to Africa) Tam ignorant: but by Charles the fifth, it was given to the Knights of Rhodes, as appeareth by Mamnus of tina, exhorting Philip the fecond to relieve them. Eft Melice patris munus ¢ nam Carolus olim Malea’s thy fathers gift: which Charles did give Hane dedit ejectis longo poft tempore bello = =»-»-«s Th’ expulfed Knights of Rhodes, that did out-live ‘Turcarum Rhodiis ducibus, magnoque Magiftro. That long war and (ad fate; by Turks imp os'd , Nunc quoque fit Melite munus Rex magne Philippe, 7p, Dey Aes ° : Sir mithus Mbemabne hmeflodenelbus enkis Be’t now great Philip thine, now when inclos’d Militibus noftris, cua quos nos vivida virtus By a dire Tyrant, Shield them from the foe : Servet ab exitio minitantis dira tyranni, And in frrong armes thy lively vertue thew. @&tay. Mauinus. This order of Knight-hood, received their denomination from Fohz, the charitable Patriarch of Alexandria ; though vowed to Saint Jobs Bapri/?, as their Patron. Their firft feat was the Hofpital of St. Fohx in Ferufalem (whereupon they were called Knight-hofpitallers) built by one Gerrard, at fuch time asthe Holy Land became famous, by the fuccefleful expeditions of the Chriftians;-who drew divers ae chy LIB, 7/4. Malta. 179 hy Perfons into that Society ; approved by the Pope Gela/as the fecond. They by the allowance of Hoxorsas the fecond, wore Garments of black, figned with a white ‘crofle, Raymond, the firtt Malter of the Order, did araplifie their Canons ; inftiling himfelf, The poor fervant of Chrift, and Guardian of the Hofpital in fernfalem. In every Gountrey throughout Chriltendom they had Hofpitals, and Revenues affign- edthem ; with coatributions procured by Pope /aascent the fecond. They were tyed by their Vows to entertain all Pilgrims with fingular humanity ; to fate-guard their paflages from Taieves and Incurlions, and valiantly to facrifice their ‘lives in defence of that Countrey. But the Chriftians being driven out of Syria, the Knights had the Rhodes afligned them by he Greek. Emperour, (others fay by Clement the fifth) which they won from the Turk, and lof again as afore-faid; retiring from thence unto Afalta.. There are of them here feven ‘Alberges, or Seminaries : One of France in general, one of Avergne, one of Province, one of Caftile, one of Ara- gon, one of Italy, one of Almany; and an eighth there was of Exgland,until by Henry the eight diffolved, with what Juttice I know not. Yet. is there one ‘that fupplies the place, in the ele&tion of the Great Mafter. Oz every one there is a Grand Prior, who lives ingreat reputation in his Countréy, and orders the affairs of their Order. Saint Fohns without Smith-field was in times pat the manfion of the Grand Prior of England, An Jrifo-man living in Waples, and receiving a large ‘penfion from ~ the King of Spatz, now beareth that Title; thofe that come for the Order, are to bring a teltimony of their gentry for fix defcents, which is to be examined, and approved by the Knights of their Natiou ; and is firftto remain here a year for a probation. Nor are womet exempted from that dignity ; admitted by a ftatute made in the Mafter-fhip.of Huge Revelus.. Perhaps for’ that one Agus, a noble Lady, was the Authour, as they affirm, of their Order; but that there be any now of it, is more chen I could be informed. The Ceremonies ufed in Knight- ing, are thefe: Firf, Carrying in. his hand a Taper of white Wax, he kneeleth before the Altar, clothed in a long foofé’ Garment, and. defireth the Order of the Ordinary. Then in the Name of the Father, the Son; and the Holy. Ghoft, he recet- veth a Sword, therewith to defend the Catholick Church. to: repulfe and van- quifh the Enemy, to relieve the Oppreffed, if need fhould be to expofe himfelf unto death for the Faich, and all by the power of the Crofle, which by the Croffe Hilt is defigured. Then is he girt with a Belt, and thrice ftrookjon the fhoul- ders with his Sword, to put him in mind, that for the honour of Chritt he is cheer- fully to fuffer whatfoever is grievous : who taking it of him, thrice flourifheth it aloft as a provokement to the adverfary, and fo fheaths it again, having wiped it firft on his arm, to teftifie that hence-forth he will live un-defiledly. .Then he that gives him Knight-hood, laying his hand on his fhoulder, doth exhort-him to be vigilant in the Faith, and to afpire unto true honour, by couragious and laudable ations, &c. Which done, two Knights do put on his Spurs, gilt, to fignifie that he fhould fpurn Gold as dirt, not to do what were ignoble for reward. And fo goes he to Mafle with the Taper in his hand; che works of Piety, Hofpitality, and redemption of Captives, being commended unto him ; told alfo of what he was to perform in regard of his Order. Thenisaskedif he bea Free-man, if not joyned in Matrimony, if un-vowed to another Order, or not of any Profeffion; and if he be refolved to live among them, to revenge their injuries, and quit the authori- ty of fecular Magiftracy ° Having anfwered thereunto, upon the receipt of the Sa- crament, he vowes in this Order: I vow to the Almighty God, to the Virgin Mary, his immaculate Mother ,and to Sant Folie Baptift, perpetually, by the help of God, to be truly obedient to all my Superiours, apporsted by God and this Order 3 to live without any thing of mine own, ‘ind witbal to live chaftly, Whereupon he ts made a partake of their priviledges, and Indulgencies granted unto them by the See of Rome. Be (ides other Prayers, they are commanded to fay an hundred and fifty Pater-nofter: daily for fuch as have been (lain intheir Wars. They wear ribands about their neck: with brouches of the Croffe ; and Cloaks of black, with large white Crofles fe there-into on the fhoulder, of fine\Lingen : but in the time of War, they wear crimfor ‘Mandilions, behind and before fo crofled, over their Armour, They-come hithe exceeding young, thar they may tlre {ooner attain to a commendsm at home, (wherec many be of great value) not ‘got ‘by favour, but fegniority ; and_are.to live her for the {pace of five yeats (but not neceffarily together ) and to go on four ex peditions. * ‘Tf one of then be convitted: of a capital crime, he 1s firft- publike. » degradedin the Church of Saint Johny where he received bis Knigiithoad § Wie iis SfiGs! dk .tnod3 Ponotan ro} sg .. ftringled ee Malta. ji ftrangled, and thrown after into the Sea in the night-time. Every Nation do feed by themfelves intheir feveral Alberges, and fit at the table like Friers : but fuch as npon {uit, do get leave to eat apart, have fixty Crowns allowed them by the Religious year- ly ; as all have five and twenty apiece for apparrel. There are here refident about five hundred, being not to depart without leave, and as many more difperfed thorow Chriftendom ; who hither repair upon every fummons, or notice of Invafion, The eligion is their general Heir, wherefoever they die ; onely each Knight may difpofe of a fifth parc of his fubftance. There be fixteen of them Counfellors of State, and of principal Authority, called Great Crofles ; who wear Tippets, and Coats alfo un- der their Cloaks, that be figned therewith. Of thefe are the Marfhal, the Matter of the Hofpital, the Admiral, the Chancellour, @c. When one doth die; another is Fleéted by the Great Matter and his Knights, who give their voices (if I forget not) by bullets, asdothe Venerraus ; whereby both envy and faétion is avoided. Now if the Great Mafter fall fick, they will fufferno Veffel to go out of the Haven until he be either recovered or dead, and another Elected, left the Pope fhould intrude into Eletion, which they challenge to be theirs, and isin this manner performed. The feveral Nations Eleét two Knights apiece of their ‘own, and two are Ele&ted’for the Englith from among themfelves; thefe fixteen choofe eight, and thofe eight do no- minate a Knight, a Prieft, and a Frier-fervant (who alfo wears arms) and théy three choofe the Great Mafter, outof the fixteen Great Croffes. This man is a Pickard born, about the age of fixty, and hath governed eight years. His Name and Title, The lluftrious and moft Reverend Prince, my Lord Frier Alofivs of Wignian-Court, Great Meafter of the Hofpital of Saint Fohns of Ferufalems Prince of Malta, and Goza. For albeit a Frier (as the reft of the Knights) yet is he an abfolute Sovereign, and is brave- ly atcended ou by anumber of gallant yong Gentlemen, The Clergy do wear the cognizance of the Order; who are fubject to like Laws,except in Military matters. There ate fixty Villages in the Ifland, under the command of ren Captains; and four Cities. Old ALalta is feated (as hath been faid before) in the mid{t of the Ifland SES SE AT 2 : a po OSE A The City of Valetta, E Latafule, B The Caftle of S. Hermes: * E The Plateform, © The Caftle of $. Angle. G The font of S. Michaels D Barge. 2 ti The Fowataia, e upon a Hilf, and formed like a Scutchion’, held of no great importance, yet kept by a Garrifon. In it there is a Grot, where they fay Saint Pax! lay when he fuffered fhip-wrack, of great devotion among(t them. The refined ftone thereof | they LIB. 4. Malta. 184 they cat into little medals, with the effigies of Saint Pa#/ on the one fide, anda Viper on the other, 4s Dez, and thelike ; of which they vent {tore to the foreiner. They fay, that being drunk in wine, it doth cure the venome of Serpents ; and withal, though ‘there be many Serpents in the Ifland, that they have not the power of hurting, al- though handled, and angered, bereft of their venome ever fince the being here of the Apoitle. Theother three Citiés (if they may all be fo termed) are about eight miles diftant , and not much without a musket fhot each of other; neer the Eaft-end, and on the North-fide of the I{land ; where there is a double haven divided by a tongue of rock, which extendeth no further than the conveniently large entrance. . The Eaft haven refembleth the horn of a Stag, the firft branch (as the palm) affording an excel= lent harbour for the greatef Ships, and the fecond for Gallies; the reft are fhallow. Clofe to the uppermott top there is a Fountain of frefh water, which plentifully fur- nifheth all veffels that do enter. On the tip of the aforefaid tongue ftood the flrong Caftle of St. Hermes, the firit that the Zark befieged : which after many furions af- faults, twenty thoufand Cannon fhot ( whofe horrible roarings were heard to AZeffina) and the lofs of cen thonfand lives, they took in the year 1565 inthe moneth of June ; but to the greater glory of the vanquifhed, that lofs rather inraging than difheartning the remainder. Worthy of heaven (brave fouls) from whence you came, Colo alto demiffie anime digniffima coelo, 5 ° » » A z age ° . ° Lufire of men, of honour. live your fame, Lux invicta virtim, lux nobilitatis, ab armis 3 Turcarum Meliren que forriter aufa tueri : That Maltac an fi rome Turki @ PeRELS defend : > Territa non acie horrentiy non mille carinis, Nor thaufand {hi PSs nor horrid ¢ Ka fs Eb Sy bend Sevitia aut dira Scythice impietatis ab.alro Your thoughts to fear; nor Scythian cruelty... . Mirantur fuperi fortiffima Pe@ora ab alto. | Angels admire your valoui from on high, Demittunt ( contemne minas & barbara tela ) Angels hall fed ee lig ht threats died barbarous fren ot h) Speratum a auxilium. Wictoria tandem Merit wifht fuccour, Vittory at length Baca gs leime tae parton her J 0 VM ELOry Ad . _ Heroas inter, melior, quos protulit atas; Will crown your toyles, and you te Olympus rear, Quod fi fara velint patria pro moenibus acres : Mong ft Heroés old, whorg better times did bear: Pugnando tantes demum finire labores 3 Bat if Fates would that you your beft blood {pend Que SS oe ae poet procurnbere fortes : In bold defence, and fo great labours end : nis, getter odaaeeeaicin cena) Be é haat Mle ontigit ? aut ullo potis eft contingere feclo 2 O valiant hearts what better thantodie Vidtores vii femper vivetis in omne For Countrey, Churches, Altars? Greater glory Temporis zterni {patium 3 perque ora virorum Never befell to wsan, nor ever {halls Semper honos, femper clariflima gefta fonabunr. Kanquill'd, you (hall live vangwifbers to all Etermity : your honours, and renown'd —: Ofay,..Manin; Exploits, (hall ever in mens mouths be found, Pa, . 5 Now upon the point of the Promontory, which lies between thefe two branches of the haven, where ‘the Ships.and. Gallies -have their ftations, on®a’ feép’ rock " flands the Caftle of Saint Azgelo, whofe ftrength appeared in fruftrating ‘ thofé violent batteries, ( being next befieged by the 7#rk). whereof it yet beareth the fears. At the foot of the rock are certain Cannons planted, that front the mouth of the haven. This .Caftle isnot only divided by a trench cut thorough the rock, from the Burgo, a little City which pofleffeth the reft of that promontory; being all a rock, hewn’hollow within for their better defence, and ‘disjoyned by a great deep ditch from che land. South of this, and on the next Promontory, ftands another town; which is called La J/ula: onthe point chereof there isa plat-form, and at the other end the (trong fort of S. Adschael , yet inferior in ftrength to. that of St. Augele. Flere remember we the piety of. a Aahometan, defcended, ‘no - doubt; of Chriftiari parentage; and favouring our Religion: who in the’ time of the ftrite(t» fiege, and {malleft comfort to the befieged, leap'd into the Sea, and maugre all the ‘fhor that was made at him, {wam to this fort: where firft requiring and receiving Baptifme, he made. known unto them the fecrets of the enemie, advifed how to fruftrate their purpofés, and’ bravely: thruft himfelf forward in every extremity, But the Kaishts of the Order affitting one another, by their proper valour, fo nobly belta- ved themfelves,'that the Turk, began to defpair of fuccefs; and upon the rumo- red approach of the Chriftian fuccours ( which im the bet conftruétion by the -.circumfpedt Vice-roy of Sicilia had been dangeroufly protracted) imbarqued ives, and departed. But all, faving Bargo and Saint Axgelo, reduced into d che retura of the Turk diftrafted, ic was propounded amongft the R Knights, 182 Malta. LIB. 4s Knights, to abandon the Ifland, rather than vainly to repair, and endeavour to defend thofe lamentable ruines; the adveriaries unequal power, and backward aid of the Chriftian Princes conlidered. Bur it too mucli concerned the ttate of Chriitendome, Cefpecially of the Countreys confining) it being as it were both the key and bulwark thereof, to have it foforfaken: Infomuch, that the Pope, the Ploremine, and the reft of the Princes of /ta/y, encouraged them to ftay-; affiting them with money, and all neceflary provilion. But efpecially the King of Sparx; who over and above, did fend. them there three.thoufand Pioners, and levied in the Kingdome of Map/es, and’ Steiliz, to repair their old fortrefles, and begin anew City upon that tongue of land which di- videth the two havens; now almott aofolutely finifhed. This is called the City of Yalettain the honour of Fobx de “aletta, who then was Gteat Maiter. Nort great, but fair, exaétly contrived, and ftrong above ‘al! other: mounted aloft, and no where aflailable by land, but at the South-end. The walls of the reft do joyn to the upright rock, as if one piece, and are beaten upon by the Sea. That towards the landis but a narrow I{thmus, where the rock doth natural- ly rife: the ditch without hewn down exceeding broad, and of an incredible profun- dity, ftrongly fank’d, and not wanting what fortification can do. This way openeth the only gate of the City ; (the other two, whereof one leadeth to Saint Hermes, and the other to the Eaft haven,being but {mall pofterns;and hard within,are two great bulwarks, planted on the top with Ordnance. At the other end (but without the wall) ftands the Caftle of Saint Hermes, now ftronger than ever; whereof (as that of Saint Angelo) no Prench-man can be Governor. Almoft every where there are platforms on the walls, well fored with Ordnance. The walls on the in-fide are not above fix foot high, un-imbattell’d, and fhelving on the out-fide ; the buildings throughout a good diftance off, both to leave room for the fouldier, and to fecure them from bat- tery. Neer the South-end, and onthe Wett-fide, there is a great pit hewn into the rock ; out of which there is a port cutunder the wall into the Weft haven; intended (for yet unfinifhed ) to have been made an Arfenal for their gallies ; that harbour be- ing too fhallow for fhips : a work of great difficulty. The Market-place is f{pacious, out of which the ftreets do point on the Round. The buildings for the moft part uni- form ; all free-ftone, two ftories high, and flat at the top: the upper rooms of molt having out-terrafles. The Great Mafters Palace is a princely (tru@ure, having a tower which over-looketh the whole Ifland. The chamber where they fit in council is curioufly painted with their fights by fea and by land, both forreign and defenfive. The feven Alberges of the Knights be of no mean building, amongit whom the City isquartered. Magnificentis the Church of St. Pasl, and that of St. Fehas; the one the feat of a Bifhop, and the other of a Prior. And St. Fobzs Hofpical doth merit re- ard, not only for the building, but for the entertainment there given ; for all that fall Bek are admitted thereunto. The Knights themfelves there lodge, when hurt or dif. eafed ; where they have phylick for the body, and for the foul alfo (uch as they give.) The attendants many, the beds over-fpread with fair Canopies; every fortnight ha- ving change of linnen, Served they are by the junior Knights in filver; and every Friday by the Great Mafter, accompanied wich the great crofles. A fervice oblised unto from the firft inftitution ; and thereupon called Knight-Hofpitallers. ‘The Jefue ites have of late crept into the City, who now have a Colledge a building. Here be alfo three Nunneries ; the one for Virgins, another for penitent Whores, ( ofim peni- tent here are ftore) and the third for their baftards. . The barrennefs of this Ifle is fupplied with the fertility of Sici/s2, from whence they have their provilion. The City is vi€tualled for three years ; kept under the ground, and fupplied with new, a3 they {pend of the old. They have fome freth wa= ter-fountains ; and the rain that falleth they referve in Cifterns.. Befides, the Knights and their dependants, the Citizens and Iflanders be within the mufter of their Fore ces, in which there are not of living fouls above twenty thoufand. They keep a Court of Guard nightly, and almoft every minute of the night the watch of one Fort gives two or three knolls with a Bell, which is anfwered by the other in order, The Religion hath only five Gallies ; and ftinted they are, as I have heard, to that number, ( if more, they belong unto private en) and but one fhip, The cuftome iSp or hath been, haviug hung out a flag, to lend money to all comers that would dice it p if they win, to repay ic with advantage ; if Jofe, to ferve untill their entertainment amounted tothat fum. Now the expeditions that they make are little better than for booty: fometimes landing in the night time on thé thain of Africa, and furpri« zing LIB. 4, Malta. Sicilia. 183 zing fome village; or {coring along the coafts, they take certain {mall barks, which disbirdeied of their lading and people, they fuffer to hull with the weather. For they make good profit of their flaves, eicher imploying them in their drudgeries, (chey shaving at this initant above fifteen hundred of them ) or by putting chem to ranfome : for ever and a-non you fhall have alittle boat, with a flag of treaty, come hither from Tripoly, Tass, and Algiers, to agree for the redemption of captivessas from the 1Za/- tefes to thofe places, wno are ferved with the fame meafure, Daring my abode here, there arrived a bark, brought in by eight Englifh men, who had for a long time fer- ved the Turkith Pirates of Tans: they bound fog Algiers, took weapons in hand, and drove the dittraftlels Turks (being twice as many ) into the ftern, kept there by two, whilelt the other drefled the fails for AZa/ta. Amongit them there was one, who faying he would never be {lave toa Chriftian ftrip’d himfelf fecretly, and propping up his gown, and laying his Turbant upon it, as if {till there, he drop’d into the Sea, But the deceiver was deceived by the high land, which feemed neerer than it was 3 and fo wearied with fwimming, funk in their fights. The Inquifition would have feized both on their perfons and-purchafe, becaufe they had ferved the Infidels: bue they were protected by the Great Matter ( being defirous to ferve him ) who will not fuffer their cruel authority to enter the new City; fo that they are fain to refide in Burgo, The Maltefes are little lefs tawny than the Afvors, efpecially thofe of the Countrey, who go half clad, and are indeed a miferable people: but the Citizens aré altogether Frenchified, the Great Maiter, and major part of the Knights being Freach-men; _ The women werr long black ftoles, wherewith-they cover their faces (for itis a great - weproach to be feen otherwife ) who converfe not with men, and are-guarded accord- ing tothe manner of /ta/y. Bacthe jealous are better fecured, by the number of al- -. lowed Cartizans ( for the molt part Greciass ) who [it playing at their doors on in- — ftraments ; and with the art of their eyes inveigle thefe continent by vow, but con- _ trary by prattice,as if chaftity were only violated: by marriage. They here ftir early ' and late, in regard of the immoderate heat, and fleep at noon-day. Theit markets , they keep on Sandayes: , = Now were the gallies returned with indifferent fuccefs; and yet my ftay was _pro- / .rogued by-the approaching Feaitival of their Patron; for untill that was paft no boat would ftir out of the harbour. ‘The Palace, Temples, Alberges, and other princi- pal houfes were (tuck round on the out-lide with lamps the evening before: and a- mongit other folemaities they honoured the day with the difcharge of all their artil- fery. The Forts put forth their banaers; and every Alberg the Enfign of his Nation, at night having boue-fires before them. Five great ones were made inthe Court of the Palace; whereof the firft was kindled by the Great Matter, the fecond by the Bifhtop, the third by the Prior, the fourth and fifth by the Marfhal and Admiral. On the four and twentieth of Fave I departed from AZalta in a Falucco-of Naples rowed by five, and not twice fo big as a wherry ; yet will fhe for a {pace keep way with a galley. They ufe to fet forth in fuch boats as thefe, two hours before Sun-fet ; and if they difcover a fulpected fail between that and night ( forthe Turks continually 3 lye there in wait ) do return again; if not, they proceed; and by the next morning ( as now did we ) reach the coalts of Sicilia. : , | Sicilia, the Queenof the Mediterranean Wand, fo faid to be, not.only for her Sreatnefs (containing 700 and fourfcore miles in circumference) but for her other celebrated excellencies. It bearezh the form of a triangle, and was firft called Trina- «rta of her three Promontovies, Pachinus,Peloras, and Lilybens.after Sicilianot (faith Scaliger) of the Ligurian Sicult, who expulfing the Sicaxt inhabited in their rooms,as is for the moft part believed ;but fo called of Ssc:/ex,which fignifieth cut and fele@ted(as Silex fignifieth a {tone that is hewn, and chofen ) in that violently divided from Jtaly, Or (eas the earth with fudden waves o’re-laidy Qua mare tellurem fubitis aut obruit undis, Oe cur. andnshareen f ie weidlabd phade® rT ee fibi ugh ree Where firugling fireams fiill toyle with might and main; x 4 ae . eipaiepen a a tania Aaa Left flouderorn mountains fhould unite agarn : Lucan, 1. 3. Sacred of old unto Ceres, and Proferpina ; for that The gleab with crooked plough firfi Ceres rent . Prima Ceres unco glebas dimovic aratro? Fir gave us-corn, a milder nouri(bmsent : Prima dedit fruges alimencaque mitia terris $ we _ ; Prima dedic leges. : ; Fir ft laws preferibed ¢ —————— R ; Oyid Bick Lage st who 184 | ‘Sicilia. L £5. H. who are faid here firft-to have inhabited, inregard of the admirable fertility of the foyle ; the mountains themfelves ( whereof it hath manv ) evento their tops ‘extra- ordinarily fruitful. Called by Caro the grarary and nurfe of the people of Rome. by Cicere, the treafury and life ofthe City : and Lucan {peaking of it, and Sardinia, Hrraque frugiferis eft infula nobilis arvis, Both Iflands famens for covn-bearing fields, ee plus Hefperiam longinquis meffibusullz, Vo forr eign {oyleto Lealy more yields, ec Romana magis complerunt horrea terra. Nor {othe Romane granavies dav fill tlbere vix glebz {uperat ceflantibus Auftris, ; oe a Cum medium nubes Borea cogente {ub axem, Nor Libya when the Southern winds are St4ll 5 Effafis magnum Libyge tulit imbribus annum, Whenelouds by Boreas chac'd, neer fcorching Zone Lucan, 1, 3. Turnto fat fhowers, more plentifulis known. Vines, Sugar-canes, honey, faftron, and fruits of all kinds it produceth : mulberry- trees to nourifh their filk-worms, whereof they make a great income: qaarres of porphyrie, and ferpentine : hot baths, rivers, and Jakes,replenifhed with fith ; amongtt which there is one called Lago de Gortdan, formerly the Navél of Sicilia, for that in the midft of the Ifland, but more anciently Pergus' famous for the fabulous cape of Proferpinas ———=non illo plura Cayfte Cayfters lowly gliding waters bear Carmina cygnorum labentibus audit in.undis. Far fewer finging Swans then are heard here. Sylva coronat aqnas cingens latus omne, fuifque ; Pndinual velo, Phoebeos fummovet ignes, Woods crown the lake, and clothe the banks about Frigora dant rami, varios humus humidaflores; ith leafie veils, which Phebus fires keep Out, Perpetuum ver eft—_—_—— The boughs cool fhade, the noift earth yields rave flowers’: Ovid Met. 1.5 Here heat, nor cold, the lasting {pring devours. In this Ifland is the far-feen mountain of ef tna; the fhady Eryx facred to V cums, that gave unto her thename of Erycina: Hibla clothed with thyme, and fo praifedl for honey, Inthe Sea that wafheth the South-weft angle there is a corall found at this day. A foft fhrub, green when under the water, and bearing a white berry, Duritiem ta€to capiane ur ab acre, quodque Hardue{s affuming from touch'd avr alone ; Vien in xquore erat, fiat fuper equora faxunt, : ; , Oil, Met. 1. 19. Under the feaatwig, above a fone. and changeth into red. We hall have occafion to treat of the more celebrated Cities in the procels of our Journal: now aword or two of the changes it hath {uffered in the divers inhabitants and governors, and of their prefent condition, It is faid to have been firft inhabited by the Cyclopess ! _ ———propago High Heavens contemners, cowetous of blood, Contemptrix {upertim,fevaque avidiffima ceedis Moft violent ————— : Kx violenta fuir——— Ovid. Met, }, %. . favage, and exercifed in all kinds of impiety, whereupon they were faid to war again Heaven; receiving that name from the form of their beavers, the fight being round,’ and therefore feigned to have had but one eye, and that in the fore-head. Their bones in fundry places digged up, and at this day to be feen, do give a {ufficient teftimony of their Giant-like proportions. They have yetan annual feaft at Afeffesa, where they carry about the ftatue of two Giants of both fexes in proceffion. This race extinguithed, the Sscam fucceeded ; a people of Spasw, fo named of the river Sicoris in Catalonia s now Agua zavall, Hefpesios isu Sicoris non ulsimus amnis. - Not leaft of the Hefperian reams. ~ — Rucanh, $e who were expulfed by the Sic#is, a people of Lygaria, and both defcended from one original. After which the Grecsans fent hither their Colonies ; building fundry. mae ritime Cities, and incorporated themfelves with the inhabitants. To omit their feve- ral wars, and celebrated Tyrants; at length Sicha having relinquifhed the Romane amity, to take part with Hansbal, was by AZarcellus reduced into the form of 4 Province; and fo held ever after (though not without fundry defedtions, by the i gue aate Romang LIB. 4. Lhe Hiftory of Sicilia. 185 Romane and Greek Emperors, untill it became a prey unto the Goths in the year 485. together with /raly ; who, about feven years after, were expulfed out of both by Be/- lifarins and AJarfetes Lieutenants to the Emperor Fastiziaz, Long after it fell into the hands of the Saracens, by the treafon of Euphemuus a Prince of the people: who having ftolo away a cértain beautiful Nun, and being purfued by Juftice, fled into 4- fricato the Saracen Amirat, promiling to deliver him the Ifland, fo that he would make him King of the fame, and to pay a great tribute yearly: which, by his affiftance, he effected. But vengeance did {wittly follow : for pafling thorow Sicilia in ftate, and approaching neer unto Syracuf2, two brethren of that City upon a f{udden motion con- fpiring his death, and going out with the reft to meet him, as the infinuating Tyrant bowed his body toevery private fafuter, the one of them caught him by the hair, whileft the other {truck his head froma his fhoulders. So got the Saracens the fovereign- ty, and for two hundred years keptit. Acthe end of which time they were expulfed by the Mormans, conducted by Count Roger, Him Svss0x fucceeded, who not long out-living his Father, lefc his State to his brother, a fecond Roger ; whom Pope Zuxo- cent the fecond by force of arms would have difpofleft ; alleding it to be the patrimony of St. Peter. But he took both him and his Cardinal prifoners. Mean-while a new Pope was elected at Rome, who to win Count Roger to his fa€tion, gave hit the title of King (as he had the poffeffion) of both the Srcilza’s. William fucceeded Roger the fecond ; whom 4driaz the fourth excommunicated, for with-holding the goods of the Church, and difcharged his fubje&ts of their fealcy ; who reconciled, received the Crown as from him, and from that time forward Sict/ia was called St. Peter’s patrimo- ny. Him facceeded il/:am the fecond, who left behind him one only daughter called Constantia, and fhe a Nan. Whereupon, C/ement the third attempted by arms to have feized the Ifland; but Tamcred the bafe Son of King Koger ( elected King by the Nobles) repulfed him. What force could not, his fucceflor Cele s#ine, thought to com- pafs by a wile ; who getting Con/fantra out of the Nunnery, and difpenfing with her vow, did marry her unto the Emperor Heary the fourth,upon condition that he fhould pay a yearly pention for the fame, and hold it in chief of tne papacy; who fhortly af- ter became Lord of the whole. It were tedious to relate how oft (and in what fhore time) they gave it from one toanotber § like the ball of Difcord, taken up with much Chriftian bloud-fhed. At length Clement the fourth did give it from Coxradine, unto Charles of Anjou the French Kings Brother, betraying Conradine to the flaughter, who - was overcome neer Map/es in a mortal Battel, and his head ftricken off by Clemeuts appointment. So fell the Germans, and fo rife the Frexch-men to the Kingdome of Na- ples, and both the Sicz/za’s ; Buc here fome feventeen years after they were bid to a bitter banquet; all {lain at the tole of a Bell throughout the whole Ifland; which is calléd to this day the Sci/iaz Even-fong. A juft reward Cif Juftice will countenance fo bloody a defign ) for their intolerable infolencies, The Author of this maffacre was John de Prochita, fometime fervant to Manfroy, their late flain King. Dox Pedro King of Aragon, had married Conftantia the only daughter of A4anfroy; In whofe right (al- though AZanfroy was a baftard, a paricide, and ufurper ) he entred Sveilsa in this tu- mult, whereunto he was privily crowned King by the general confent of the Sieil:azs it continuing in the houfe of Aragon, untill united to Cafile. So it remaineth fubjec unto Spaia, and is governed by a Vice-roy under the Spaxi(h Council for Italy ; which confitteth of three Spasiards, and three /talians ; the Conftable of Caffile being Pre- fident. Who, by the Kings allowance, do inftitute Governors, Judges, Commanders, - _and difpofe of titles and dignities. Szcr/ia yields to the coffers of Sparz yearly fix hun- dred thoufand Duckates ; fome fay, a million : but that and more drawn back again in rewards and payments. There is init, by computation, about a million of fouls; We may conjecture of cheir force by the Army of Don Garzia of Toledo, confifting of three thoufand horfe, and ten thoufand foot (and that raifed but out of the South angle of the Ifland ) to defend the large and unfortified haven of Axgafia, if the Turk fhould have there atcempted to land, when he paffed by to the invafion of AZa/ta. But what was this, compared with that which we read of Dionyfies the elder, being but: Lord of Syracafa only, and the adjoyning territories ? who kept continually ten thou- {and foot-men of his guard, as many horfe-men, and four hundred allies, But now there are but eight maintained about the whole Ifland. The fummit of the leffer hills are crowned with towns, and the coatts befet with watch-towers throughout ; the Seas being feldome free from thie Zarki(b Pirates of Africa, . RZ The ® 186 _ SS SuerliansyS ~~ 3 TB. 4 “The Stetlians are quick-witted, and pleafane . Epicharmas of tuat Nation being the firft Inventer of Comedies, and Theocritus of Paftoral Eclogues : Tile ubi feptena modulatus arundine carmen When he with ver{eto pipe apply'd, did pleafe Mulcebat filvas, non unquam tempore eodem Even rude woods, then no Syren fong ae a Siffen aflueros effundir in zequora cantus. Scilla’s dogs bark’d not.black Carybdis faia : Scyllai tacuere canes, ftetit atra Charybdis, . . 1; d bil f : ala Et leis fcopulis audivit jubila Cyclops. The joyful Cyclop Uined w lft he played, Silius Italicus. 1. 4. Empedocles doth thew their excellency in Philofophy ; Exclide and Archimedes in the Mathematicks. A people greedy of honour, yet given to eafe and delight ; talkative, meddlefome, diflentious, jealous, and revengeful. They have their commodities tetch’d from them by forreigners,with all the profit:who trafick little abroad,and are (though feated in the midit of the Sea ) un-expert Navigators. So f{upinely idle, thac they fell their fugar as it is extraéted from the cane, to the Venetians; and buy what they {pend of them again, when they ‘have refined it. The Duke of Ofuza is row Vice-roy, who keeps his Court at Palermo, the ancient feat of the Srcz/ian Kings {tiled the happy, for the delightful fituation, now adorned with goodly buildings; and frequented by Stu- dents. It is feated on the North-fide of the Ifland, having naturally no Port, yet one lately made by a mighty Peer: a work of great expence, and no {mall admiration, This Vice-roy hath well purged the Countrey of Banditties, by pardoing of oné for the bringing in or death of another; who did exceedingly, and yet do too much infeit it. Befides, the up-land inhabitants are {0 inhofpitable to ftrangers, that between them both, there is no travelling by land without a {trong guard} who rob and murder whomfoever they can'conveniently lay hold on. ‘Their Religion is Romifh (yet are they not fo few as ten thoufand who are of the tolerated Greek Church.) Palermo, Meffiza, and Mont-royal, have their: Archbifhops.:The Bifhops of Agrigentine, Mazara, and AMa4lta, being under the firft: the fecond hath Patz, Cefaledi, and Lipari. The third Syracnfz. The Bifhop of Catantais under none of them. There be in this Ifland feven Princes, four Dukes, thirteen Marquéfles, fourtéen Earls, one Vifcounr, and eight and forty Barons. The chief of the ancient Sicr/ian Nobility attend in the Court of Spaz; a courfe of life rather politickly commanded, than elected. Jane 25. having compafled Cape Pajfaro, defended by. a ftrong fortrefs not long fince eregted, we rowed clofe under the Cliff called AZuro del Porco, ( inthat_thofe flat rocks do refemble the {nouts of {wine ) where ftore of Tunny-is taken. A fifh that is bred, ( as hath been faid before, in the lake of AZeorts, but groweth unto his greatnefs in the Ocean; when about themidft of May they return again into thefe Seas. They cut them in pieces, falt them, barrel them up, and fovent them unto moft places of Exrope ; efteem’d heretofore a vile food. ' Quod vocis pretium ? ficcus: pera funculus, & vas. . What's thy tongue s fee? Dry gammons, athe fe difh ~ Pelamidum, aur veteres Afrorum Epimenia bulbi. Or Fwre spice ly orafess , uv. Sat. 7. f Hes REST PO Len sof fale fifh. and fois my judgement, in tafte fomething refembling flefh, as in colour and folidity. Ihave read or heard how certain Merchants being bound to ferve the French Army at the fiege of Naples, with fo many tun of Tunny, and not able to perform it; hearing of a Jate fought battel in Barbary, repaired to the place, and fupplyed the quantity. with mans flefh dref(t in the fame manner 3 which proved fo over-high'a feeding (moft eafily converting into the like) that their bodies brake forth into loathfome ulcers ; and from thatinfeétion the difeafe thar taketh from them the name(not known before in our parts of the world) was introduced amongft-us, And Scalger in his 181, Exercife upon Car- dans and the 19 th. fetion, doth alfo affirm, that it proceeded not originally from the impurity of women; but from conta&tion’; and that the Spantards did firft tran{port thefe rare wares from the /ndzans', as common amongft them as the meafels amongtt us, and equally contagious. Which feemeth to confirm the former aflertion; they ha- ving been Man-eaters for the moft part... No Tunny is fuffered tobe fold at Venice,un- lefs firft difcask"d, and fearch’d to the bottom. The flory goes, how the Gevoa’s having feized ona part of Vemce, and driven the Vevetiansinto their houfes; a woman run- ning toa window to behold the tumult, by chance threw down’a mortar of brafs, ‘which lighting upon the head of sheir General, ftruck him dead on the earth, _. Whereupon, difcomforted, the Genoaes retired in fuch hafte, that they left a number of v LPs — Syracufa. 157 of their men behind them ; who faved themfelves for a time by mingling with the Venetians, being not to be diftinguifhed:by Habit, Language, Favour, nor Behavi- our. Atlengeh all generally were commanded to afcend an high tower, where (nor unlike as the Gileadices ferved the Ephraimites) a fheep being fet before them, they were compelled tonameit. So being diftinguifhed (the name differing in their dia- le). they were thrown down headlong. Tue Gevoaes having after taken certain of their Gillies, wherein were the prime‘of their Gentry, in revenge of that cruelty, caafed chem to be cutin pieces, and dreit like Tunny; nailing their hands to the bottom with fcedules of Tin containing their names, and fo fent it thither to. be fold, who boasit, aad almoft had devonredit all, before it was difcovered. . But I have | this onely by relation. Still winding with the fhoar, we entred at length the haven of Syraca{a ; and tozether with the Sun, made-an end of that days journey. Archias not dating to return unto Corvieth, having un-naturally abufed a youth of hone behaviour, imbarqued himfelf with certain Cor:mthiaxs and Dorians, and came, together wich A4jfcellus, unto Delphos, to confult with the Oracle. De- manded by Apollo, whether it were Riches, or Sanity, that they afteted ; Ady/{cellus faid, Sanity, and Archsas Riches. Whereupon he commanded the one to ereét Cro- tona, and the other Syrace{a; which he did in the fecond year of the fecond Q- lympiad. Where they in fhort time grew fo wealthy by the fertility of the foil, and benefic of the haven, that it became a proverbial fcoffe unto the too {ump- tious, that they were not worth the riches of Syracufa. “Archias {lain by Telephus, whom he had formerly defiled, the Citizens converted the Government into an | Ariftrocracy. But the Nobles,by a Law that they had made, as jealous that fome of them fhould have: affected the tyranny, exiled one another; fo that the Commons affamed the Government. After, to accord a dangerous fedition, they chofe Ge/oz for their Tyrant, in the year of the Lord 3474. Hiren fucceeded Gelon the good ; his cruélty tempered by the inftructions of Pindarus and Simondes. Thrafibulus his {ucceflor was expulfed by the Syracufans for his oppreffion ; and the State again reduced intoa Democracy; until three-fcore years after, it was ufurped by Dioxy- jeas, a man admirably valiant. . Dronyfes his fon fucceeded as execrably vicious, (although both the hearers of Plato) who overthrown by Dron and Temelion, was fent unto Cor:xth, where he lived in great poverty. So recovered the Syracufiazs thei liberty; but had not enjoyed it above twenty years, when Agathocles (a man of a bafe original) did make them ftoop.toacruel fubjection. He dead, and after rouch civil diffention, they make choice of Hieron, the fecond of that name; moft beautiful in body, and as beautiful in mind; whofe profperous Government lafted fifty years, being ever a friend to the Romans, Hieronymus his fon, within fifteen moneths after the death of his Father, was fain by his guard. Now as for the Syra- cafans, although fubje& themfelves to thefe Tyrants, yet were they the mafters of others ; and when free, delivered many from, the fervitude of; the Barbarous. .Me- morable are the fights which they had withthe Athenians, and Carthaginians » and slorious their victories. | Portus zequoreis fuera infignire trophzis: Sil. Ical, Still maintaining their own, until the fore-named: Hieronymus. fided with the Cartha- inians » and they after him,againft the Kowans: who under the, conduct of AfLarcel- Jas, facked their City ; defended for rhree years by the {pecial Jabour and -miracy- lous engines of Archimedes, that excellent Mathematician, and, inventer of the Sphere. When Fove within alittle glafs furveya? °°” Jupiter in parvo cum cernerer sathere vitro The heavens, he {mil’dt and tothe Gods thus (aid: Rifit, & ad fuperos talia diéta dedit : "S| \/ Muctine mortalig progtefla poténtia cure ? Jami meus in fragili luditur orbe labor. Jura poli, rerumque fidemy legemque virorum Can Strengthof mortal wit woceed.thus far? | \ In a frail orb my works poefented are, Hither the Spratufilens art tranflates. | 3. .) <) “Ecce Syracifius teanftulix arte fenex. Heavens form,the courfe of chings;> buusane feats Inclufus-variis famulatur {piritus aftris, 7° included foirit ferv'd by fhar- deckt fignesy Ec vivum certis moribus urget opus. FA PERL Se ee i 3, AN Ll Percurrit proprium, menttur fignifer annum, Ti sat At mark v2.6 bai mek es des... Er fimulata novo-Cynthia menfe redit. Th adulterate Zodiac’ «uns anataeal year, And Cynthias fore’d horus monthly new light bear. d a f . ° Viewing ee | Syracufa. | LIS. 4. Jameue fuum volyens audax induftria mundum, Viewing her own world, now bold induftry Gaudet, & humana fidera ee Trinmphs, and rules with hunsane power the skée, Quid falfo infontem tonitru Salmonea muror 2 Salmoneus thunder why dod vioiler ie ; ZEmula Naturz parva reperta minus, Claud. in Epig. When aweak hand can Nature emulate 2 When the City was taken, a fouldier found him in his ftudy, bufie about certain Geometrical proportions; who ready to ftrike, was defired by him a little to ftay until he had perfeéted his demonftration. Who forthwith flew him, offended with his anfwer, tothe much grief of Afarcellxs; who not onely {pared his kinsfolks for his fake, buthad them ingreat honour. Syracufajn times paft, contained four conjoyning Cities, environed with a wall of twoand twenty miles incircuit; Ortyga, Neapolis, Acradina, and Tyche ; befides, a trong Fort called Hexapley high mounted, and over-looking the whole, Seated it isona rocky point of land, which divides the two havens. Ortygia ftands at the uttermoft extent ; an Ifland joyned bya bridg tothe reft. Wherein ts the fo chant- ed Fountain of Arethufa, onceaNymphof Arcadia, (as they fable) beloved of the river Alpheus, andturned into a {pring by Diana, for fafegard of her chattity ; being condu&ed by her under feas and earth, and re-afcending in this Ifland. Followed notwithftanding by the lover. Sicanio praetenta finu jacet infula contra Againft Plemmyrinm in Sicaman bay, Plemmyrium undofum : nomen dixere pas: There lies an Ifle, earft call’d Ortygia, Ortygiam, Alphzum fama eft huc Elidis amnem Hither Alpheus underefeas ( famse goes) Occultas egifle vias {ubter mare, qui nunc 2 ; Ore Arcchate tuo Sicubis confunditur undis. Pr on Elis firaid 5 and at thy mouth arofe Zn, |. 3. Lov'd Arethufe : from whence to feas he flows. They fo conjeéturing, for that this Fountain was faid to grow thick, and {avout of garbidge, at fuch time as they celebrated the Olympiads , and defiled the River with the blood and entrails of the Sacrifices. Bur Strabo derides the conceit, though (befides divers more ancient Authours) it be affirmed by Seneca, and others. The Fountain is ample, and fendeth to the adjoyning Sea a plentiful tribute. Before, and even in the dayes of Diodor#s the Stctltan, a number of facred fithes were nourifhed herein; fo-faid to be, for that whofoever did eat of them (though in time of war) were affliéted with fundry calamities. Now the North-fide of the re(t of the City was Neapols, the South-fide Acradiza, and the Welt-end Tyche, which ftretcheth far into the Land, fo named of the Temple of Fortune. As for the Caitle He-apyle, it tood further off upon the fummit of a Rock ; which Cicero doth call the great and magnificent labour of Tyrants: contifting of folid ftone, and raifed of a wonderful height, more ftrong then which there could be nothing made, or almoft imagined. All being defaced by Marcellus, and {uftering a further deftraction by Pompey. Syracufa may yet fay, Ila ego fum Romz laboratque injusia Peenj : Of Rome th’ exceffive toile, the [courge of Carthage Pro me etiam ftragis Grecia fenfit onus : Am I ; for me Greece alfo ee ge Figere quz voluere aliis in fedibus arma * Th’ Enfignes th ia; . bos Exturbata jacenr fedibus orba fuis. Ce) eee forratgn feats have hewn, LC. Seal. Now hurl’d ont, lie deprived of their own, _ But Auguftas Cefar fent hicher a Colony, and rebuilt a great part of that which lies next to Ortygsa, with the Ifle it felf ; whereon now there ftandeth a ftrong Caftle pofleffing the whole compafsof the Ifland; divided by a deep trench (but not by the Sea) from the reit of the City. The City it felf is ftrongly walled, (then which here- totore there was nothing more.goodly) not far removed on both fides from the Sea =. the point whereon it doth ftand being but narrow towards the Weft, and fo maketh by land a difficult approach; without which are the ruines of the old City. The principal gate is on the South-fide, and near the Weft-end, over which is written, -SYRACUSA CIVITAS INVICTISSIMA, DEO ET REGI FIDELISSIMA. the City being. ftyled, Spracafa the Faithful. The Garrifon confifts of two hundred Spaniards and three hundred Townfenien: befides certain Horfe- men Ll B. 4. Syracufa. Catania. £89 ~ menof the Countrey adjoyning, who ferve by turns, and are nightly fent forth to f{coure and guard the Sea-coalt. The buildings of the City are ancient, the Inhabi- tancs grave, aid their women hid under Jong black ftoles, not unlike the AZaltefes, The Winter is here moft cemperate, no day fo tempeftuous as affordeth not fome Sun-fhine; but again they are afflicted with the in,falubrious heat of the Summer. Yer inthe hotteft feafon cool {prings gufh out of the Rock (not to {peak again of Arethufa) both within the walls of the Ciy, and without ; and that fo near unto the Sea, that the falt doth mingle with the frefh upon every motion. Notwithf(tanding, there isa long ancient Aquadu&, which conveyeth waters from the nearer mountains (yet reaching fhort of the City) where-with theCity is principally furtifhed. The two havens that wafh the South and North-fides of. the City, (which by the inclining of the two oppofite promontories toward Ortygsa, are defended from all weathers) do refemble in form the figure of 8 The greateft lies towards the South, the moft goodly and moft famous, thatever Nature or Art hada hand ings into which the little and gentle Axaprs doth difcharge it felf, joyning not far above with the fountain Cyane, whofe conjunction hath given invention to their celebrated loves and nupti- alls.” : Having flayed a day at Syracufa, we put again to Sea, and.arrived before night at Catania the Renowned, A City more ancient then beautiful ; feated on the North fide of agreat, but fhallow bay, and therefore not to be approached by Ships; the caufe perhaps that it isnot kept by a Garrifon. Once itwas a Colony of the Naxians, But Aeron the firit difplanted the old Inhabitants, and peopled it with other; chan- ging alfothe name thereof intoeétna, He is faid to have built it a-new-; but after the death of the Tyrant, the Cataw:ans recovered their City, over-threw his monu- ment, defaced his titles, and again did call it Catania, Little is here note-worthy, more then that it is an Univerlity, and feated on a foil that aboundeth with alf things. They have little trading, and therefore the more mhabited by Gentlemen, OF late,not far from the City, an Image of our Lady was under earth (as they fay) accidentally found ; whofe imputed miracles have got heralready much fame, but not yeca Temple: contented, until enriched by the tribute of their zeal, with a canvas pavilion. This City doth well-nigh joyn to the skirts of e&tea, whereby it recei- veth both lofs, and (if Strabo may be believed) advantage. For-the ejected flames have heretofore committed horrible waftes, which gave Amphinonms, and Anapins, two brethren, an occafion to become famous for their piety; who refCued their Parents ingaged by the fire, and bare them away ontheix fhoulders; whereof Sidiws Atalicus, ) Cler, Urb. 10, Catanva tee near eAutna ; honoured, ——Carine nimium ardenti vicina Typheo, In that it two {uch pions brethren bred: * _— pios quondam celcberrima fracrcs and Aufonins, Who will forget Catania? of high fame : Quis Catinam fileat For prety of brothers findg’d in flame. Hine ambuftorum fratrum pierace celebreta; And even at this day, once in three or four years, it falleth in great flakes on the Countrey below, te the terrour of the Inhabitants, and deftru€ion of their Vintage. But onthe contrary fide (according to that Authour) the afhes thereof doth fo enrich the foil, that both Vines and Corn there profper above admiration, Who reports befides, that the Graffe fo manured kills the fheep that do feed thereon, unlefs with« in forty or fifty dayes they be let blood in the Ear. Howbeit, at this day much gtound aboutit lies wafte, by means of the ejected pumice. Greatly defirous I was to have afcended this mountain, but it required much time; befides, the Countrey here-aboue is daily forraged by Thieves, who lurk in a Wood of eight miles compafs, that neigh- boursthe City. So the next morning we departed, and failed for the {pace of thirty miles about the Eaft skittsof that mountain, whereof we now will make a defcrip- tion. | Etna, called by Pindarns the celettial Columne, is the higheft mountain of Sicilea, for a great fpace leifurely rifing ; infomuch as-the top is ten miles diftant from the uctermeft bafis. It appeareth this way with two fhoulders , having an . eminent Igo fina. L Ls, 4, ; eminent head inthe middle. The lower parts are luxurionfly fruitful, the middle woody, andthe upper rocky, iteep, and almoft covered with fnow; yet imoaking inthe miditfike many conjoyning chimnies, and vomiting intermitted flames, though not but by night to be difcerned, as if heat and cold had left their contention, and imbraced one another. This burning beacon doth fhew her fire by night: and hes {moak by day,' a wonderful way offs yet heretofore difcerned far further, in that the matter perhaps is diminifhed by fo long an expence, My felf have feer, both plain- ly unto AZai’a: and the mountain it felf is to be difcovered an hundred and hity miles off by the Sailer. Thofe that have been at the top do report, that there is there a large plaine of Cinders and Afhes, environed with a brow of the fame ; and in the midfta hill of like fubftance, out of which burfted a continual wind hangs abous ic like a great long cloud’; and often hurling forth ftones and cinders. Wherefore the ftory of Evspedocles the Sicilian Philofophér, then whom ———— Mil hoe habuiffe vito praclarius in fe, Nec fan&um magis, 8 mirum carumque videtury Carmina guin etiam divini pectoris cjus Vociferantur 8 exponunt praclara reperca ; Ur vix humana videtur ftirpe creacus. Lucr. 1. 1. More excellent in nothing hath brought forth, More facred, wonderful, or of more worth: His ver{e divinely fram’d, aloud refound Natures deep myftertes by him out found, As if not of an hamane off -[pring born : Is by fome called into queftion. Who (as they fay). affecting divine honour, with _ drew himfelf privately from his companions, and leapt in at the mouth thereof, but was revealed by his brazen fhooes, which the fire had thrown up again. For it is im- poflible to be approached, by reafonof the violent wind, the fuffocating {moak, “and confuming fervour. But hear we /#rgils defcription : horrifici ——tonat Aitna ruinis ¢ Interdumg; atram prorumpit ad ethera nubem Turbine fumantem piceo, & cadente favilla, - Attollicque globos flammarum, .& fidera lambit, Interdum {copnlos avulfaque vifcera montis Erigit eructans, liquefataque faxa {ub auras Cum gemitu glomerat, fundoque ex zeftuat itho, Fama eft Enceladi femiuftum fulaine corpus Urgeri mole hac ingentemque infuper Atnam Impofi::m, ruptis Hammam expirare caminis, Et feffum quoties moveat larus, intremere- omnem wise fare & ceelum fubtexere funto. Ne do But leave we fables with their alle ly) by Lucretias, ——Primum totius fubeava montis Eft natura, fere filicum, fubfulta cavernis, Omnibus eft porro in {peluncis yentus & acer. Ventus enim fit ubi eft agitando percitus aer. Hic ubi percaluir, crlefecitque omnia circum, Saxa furens, qua contingit terramique & ab ollis Excuflit calidum flammis velocibus ignem : Tollic fe, ac reétis ita faucibus ejicit alte, Funditque ardorem longe, longeque favillam Differt, & crafla volvit caligine fumum ; Extruditque fimul mirando pondere faxa: Ne dubites quin hxe animali turbida fi vis. Preterea magna ex parte mare montis ad ejus Radices frangit flu@us, eftumque reforber, Et hoc ufque mari {pelunce montis ad altas Perveniunt {ubter faucis, hac irefatendum eft, Atque eflare foras : ideoque extollere Aammas, Saxaque ye & arene tollere ninrbos, BDe 64 eE tua here thunders with an horrid noife, Sometimes black clouds evaporeth to skies, Puming with pitchy carles, and {parkling fires : Toffeth up globes of flames, to flars afpires. New belching rocks, the mountains emrails tern , And groaning burles out liquid ftones, thence born Thorow th’ ar in fhowres, and from the bottom gloes. Enceladus, with lightning Struck (fame goes ) This mafs ore-whelms : who under Etna laid, Expireth flames , by broken vents convey'd. Ass often as he turns his weary fides, All Sicil quakes ; and [moak, dayes beauty hides. gories, andcometo the true reafon; siven (if fulé Hollow the mountainis throughout, alone Supported wel. nigh with huge caves of ftexe, No cave but is with wind and air repleat + For agitated air doth wind beget,- Which heats the imprifoning rocks, when hot it grows; The earth chaft by his fury: and from tkofe : Strides forth fire and fwrft flame : it felf on high Tt mounts, and out at upright jaws doth flie : And fire fheds a far-off, far off dead coals . Tran[ports : and fumes in myfty.darkuels roles, E jetting flénes withal cf wondrous (ize All which from firength of firuglizg winds.arifes Befides, againft the Mountains roots the Main Breaks her {woln waves, and {wallows them Agatn, From whence unto the [nmmit of the afcent The under-wzining caves have their extent : Through which the billows breath,& flames ont-thraft With forced frones, and darkning fowres of dufte Befides LIB. 4. Fitna. Meffena. 194 Belides, e£tva is fullof fulphur, and bitumen, apt to be kindled, and fo is all Si- cilia; the principal reafon that.ic is fo fertile. This mountain hath famed in times patt fo abundantly, that by reafon of the fmoke and air involved with burning fand, the Ishabicants here-about could not fee one another (if we may give credit to Cice- ro) for two dayes together. The extraordinary eruption thereof hath been reputed ‘ominous. For fo it did after the death of Cefar; when not onely the Cities there- about were damnified thereby, but diversin Calabria. And in the year of the world 3982, hard before the fervile wars in Sicilia, wherein threefcore and ten thoufand flaves were flain by the Pretors, it raged fo violently, that Africa was thereof an attonifhed witnefs. | Hereabouts inhabited the Cyclops, and here Acis haftes to the Sea. The rival of thy ardor, Polypheme, Bmuilus ille tuo quondam Polypheme calori, F lying from Javage rage, into a ftreamse 3 Parise cara violenti pectoris iram, Refolv’d did both ef(cape his fee, and joyny Et nbi : ae eae oat — O Galatea, bis joy’d waves with thine, Sil. Ical, 1 pone > immifcuit undam. North-ward of «4tna, leffer hills do arifein th€ neck one of another, all along the ‘ Sea-coatt, fruitful to their tops: whereupon ftand Caftles and Towns, of fuch an fait and fteepnefs, as you would hardly think that they were to be afcended. Upon the nine and-twentieth of Fuze, betimes inthe morning, entring the Streights, between Sicilia and Calabria, wetaraed on the left hand into the haven of Meffexa, CMeffena (now Meffina the Noodle) was at the firtt called Zaucle,of the crookednefs of the place, which ignifiech acycle, built by the Pirates of Carama, for the better execution of their robberies: when daaxilas,Tyranc of the oppofite Rhegium, drew to him the ALeffexr of Pelopone(us,to difptant the Zancli.So the Rbegians having overs thrown them by Sea, and the AZe/feasaus by land,and entréed their City, they were en- forced to flie unto their Temples and Altars, when Anaxdlas would have put them to the word, but AZanticlus and Gergus,Captains of the Meffentans,diflwaded him from _ being fo cruel unto a Greek people, whooriginally wereof their blood and alliance = whereupon they raifed them fromthe “Altars ; and plighting faith unto one another, inhabited it together. Socame it to be called Mefina, This befell in the nine and twearieth Olympiad. Butiathe time of Dronyfims the elder it wasrazed by the Car= thagiaian Himilcus, and that with fuch hatred, as he left not fo much as the ruinese About the begianing of the firft Punick wars, the Mamertint. a people of Campania fen: hicher their Colonies,who poffeft the place,and rebuilt the City.; which was called for along time after, rather Mamertinum : as the excellent Wines that grow herea- bout 2re called by AZartzal. ) If cups of old Mamertian wine they fill, Amphora Neftorea tibi Mamertina feneGta, Give it you may what name fo eve you will, Si detut, quodvis nomen habere pote, ; 1 3. Epon 27. The Romans mate it their refuge in the Sicilian warrs againtt the Carthavina with whom it ftood and fell, as did the whole Iflands. It is feated on the Wel fide -and South-end (which is the bottome of a Bay) having behind it high hills esc of it afcendech a part, ftrongly walled, and fortified about with bulwarks, greater or leffe, according ‘othe places neceffity. Upon the Weft-fide, and high mounted above it, ftands a ftrong Citadel, which commandeth the whole City * manned b a garrifonof Spamards. South-weft of it a Fortrefle is mounted on ‘the top of ; higher hill. Aud on the top of another towards the South, is the Caftle of Gon: fage; both without the walls. The City is garnifhed with beautiful buildings both publique and private. Venus, Neptune, Caffor and Polldx, had here their ‘Tara ples; whof: ruines are now the foundation of Chriftian Churches, Divers ans cient. ftatues. are yet to be feen. Through-out the City there are Fountaines of frefh water: and toward the North-end, the ruines of an old Aquadu@. In that end wiich turas to the Eaft, about the bottome of the Bay, where the Cit is lender, and free from concourfe of people, ftands the Viceroy’s Palace, of a mean building, environed with delighttul Gardens and Orchards, to which the Arfenal adjoyneth. This end of the City points upon Calabria, and extenderh almoft to the Sea; where the land in a narrow flip running on the North, and then returning Weft towards the reit of the City in form of a cycle, doth make a large e-dadmirable haven. Nowon the midit of this cycle of Lands there ftandeth an high 192 Meffena. Charybdis. I, L.B.i 4, ‘high Lanthorn, which by light inthe night dire@eth fuch fhips as are to enter thefe -daigerous ftreights: North of which there are certain fate built dry ftations for -Gallies ; and not far beyond the Lanthorn,where it beginneth to turn, is a very frong Cattle Cbuilt by Philip thefecond) and guarded by Spaniards, The reftof that cycle is inclofed between twowalls, to the very point which is fortified with a bulwark’; be- tween which and the City, the haven which opens to the North, hath a {pacious en- trance. Here live they in allabundance and delicacy, having more then enough of Food, and Fruits of all kinds ; excellent Wines, and Snow inthe Summer to qualifie the heat thereof,-at a contemptible rate. The better fort are Spauifh in attire; and the meaneft artificers wife is clothed in filk: whereof an infinite quantity is made by the worm, and a part thereof wrought into Stuffs (but rudely) by the workman, Eight thoufand bails of raw-filk are yearly made in that Ifland, and five thoufand thereof fetchtfrom them (for, as hath been faid before, they will not trouble them- felves to tranfport it) atche publike Mart here kept, which lafteth all Auguft, by the Gallies‘of Naples, Off1a, Ligorwe, and Genoa; during which time they are quitred . from‘cuftomes. The Gentlemen put their moneys into the common table (for which the City ftands bound) and receive it again upon their bills, according to gheir ufes. ‘For they dare not venture to keep it in their houfes, fo ordinarily broken open by Thieves (as are the fhops and ware-honfes) for all their crofs-bar’d} Windows, Iron Doors, Locks, Bolts,*and Bars on the in-fide 3 wherein, and in their private revenges, no night doth pafs without murther. Every evening they folace themfelves along the Marine (aplace left through-out between the City wall and the haven) the men on. horfe-back, and the women in large Carofles, being drawn with the floweft proceffi- on. Thereisto be feenthe pride and beauties of the City. There have they their Play-houfes; where the parts of women are acted by women, and too naturally paflio- nated; which they forbear not to frequent upon Sundays. The Duke of Ofuna, their new Viceroy, was here daily expected; for whom a fumptuous landing place was made, and that buc to continue for a:day. gy tif _ The Phare of A4effina (for fo thefe ftreights are now called,.the Lanthorn that ftands on the point of Pelorws) is ten miles long, and againtt AJeffixa but a mile and ahalf over. Infomuch that when Aimilces took the City, a number faved their lives (although .itran with an impetuous'current) by fwimming into /ra/y, On the coat of Sicieis Charybdis, —Lzvamn implacata Charybdis, Gulphie Charybdis doth the left fide keep, Obfider, arque imo barathri ter gurgite valtos And thrice fucks to the bottome of her deep eee a rage eae pect auras The tosling flouds 5 as oftex lifes on high ist erat unda. % 3 : ne "Vite. En, ie ‘i Alternate waves, and beats the approached skie. Once, as they fable, a ravenous woman, .ftruck with lightning by Fapiter, and thrown into the Sea, for ftealing of Hercules Oxen ; who fill retaining her former nature, devoureth all that comes near-her. This whirle-pit is faid to have thrown up her wracks near Tasromema; which is between it and Catania. Then furely by ‘much more outragious then now, and more dangerous to the Sailer, by reafon of their unskilfulnefs, Asnow, during our paflage, fo heretofore, it was {mooth and -appeafed whileft calme weather lafted ; but when the winds begin to ruffle (efpeci- ally from the South) it forth-with runs round with violent eddies: fo. that many Veflels by thé means thereof do mifcarry.. Right againft this Charybdis ftands that former Lanchorn on the neck of the haven, whereof Scaliger {peaketh in the perfon of Meffina. Indomicze fedeo fpeftatrix tura Charybdis, Uofafc Charybdis fafely I furvay: Oftendis que aliis lumine grata viam.* * Aid others [hem with friendly light the wie Mortales fi fic faciunt, meliore fruentur ~ Numine ; nunc homini vera CHarybdis homio: J. C. Scal. pie More would heaven {mule on earth, did mortals fo : Manis to man Charybdis 5 his worff foe. The ftream thorow this ftreight runneth towards the Zonian Sea; whereof a pare fetteth into the havens’ which turning about, and meetings with the reft, makes fo vi- olent anencounter, that Ships (if the wind be.not good) are glad to prevent'the dan- ger, : by coming to.an anchor. . Almof right againtt Meffina ftands Rheginmin Italy 1 a Garrifon town, retaining his LIS. 4. ~ Rhegium. Sqlla, | 193 ~ his ancient name, which fignifieth Broken ; in memory of the divifion of this Ifland from the Continent. _ By force, and with vaft breaches toru, this place; Hic loca vi quondam, & vafta convulfa ruinas (Such power hath-nimera alter throuch lone fpace) (I antum 2 longinqua valet miutare vetuftas) o ° Diffiluiffe ferunt : cum protinus utraq; tellus Of old (Ctrs faid) af under brake 3 before | Una forecs venit medio vi Pontus, &undis Both but one land + feas throng d between, and bore Hefperium Siculo latus abfcidir, arvaque & urbes Sicil from Italy 5 and making Spoyl Liccore didu€tas angufto interluit aftu. 3 Of fields and towus thorow narrow frreights now toil. Wirg. Ain, |. 3. Separated by earth-quakes, or (which is nioft likely) by the continual aftaults of the Tyrrhene and Jonian fea: the land being but low; and che water fo fhallow, that a hip may anchor in the deepeft. Some think it to have been cut by the labour of man 3 but the crookednels of the bayes, and unequal bredch, do confure that conjeéture, Now having ftayed three daies at Meffina; on the firft of fuly 1 departed: accom- panied by two Spaniards of the gatrifon of Rheg:amy in another Felluca that belong- ed tothe City. Having crofled the Phare, and rowed along the Calabrian fhore for the {pace of five miles towards the T yrrhene {ea,we were encountred by fo ftrong a ftream, that much ado we had tohale the boar againftit. At length the rope brake, and in an inftant we were catried a great way off: when they might have fought her in the bottom of the fea, if fhe had not met with her fuccour. That night we came unto Scylla, which is not paft twelve miles diftant from AZefina: feated in the midit of a bay, upon the neck of anarrow mountain which thruftsit felf into the fea ; having at che uppermott end a fteep high rock whereon there ftandeth a Caftle, This is the rock fo celebrated by the Poets: whofe un-acceffible height is fo hyperbolically defcribed by Homer, and was {o obnoxious to the Mariner. But Scylla lurking in dark, caves, di[playes 4 Oe er tes eenieh ' ) q ‘ G fa exe \ i > Cem. mee vy wee ip he ome ce ae Prima hominis facies, 8 pulchro peCtore virgo 7 p d svaeery ’ ‘4 Pube tenus® poftrema’ immani_corpore piftrixe er nerher parts with {hape of monster fhamd, | Delphinum caudas utero. commifla luporume Deform'd with womb of wolves, and dolphins tarlse Virg, Zin. 1, 3. She was feigned to be the daughter of Phorcas, begotten.on the Nyniph Cretherde ; being Circes rival in the love of Glaucus, By whom preferred, the envious witch in- feéted this place with weeds and inchantments : when Scyila entring hereinto to bathe, was transformed into that monftrous refemblance. But fhe was revenged of her affe- Red Uly fess : aut quam fama fecura eft Who hemm’d about with barking monjters wrackt : ; : a Candida fuccin&tam latrantibus ineuina monftris : r) ee 5 zs Dulichian (hips, and vm her’ {wallowing fi ‘i Dulichias vexaflé rates, & gurgite in alto To Seaedogs gave his fearful men for food. Ahttimidos naturas, canibus lacerafle marinis. Virg. Eccl. 8. | and after that was turned into a ftone. And, no doubt, but the fable was fitted to the lace: there being divers little fharp rocks at the foot of the greater (che dogs that fo ark with the noife that is made by the re-percuffed waters) frequented by Lamprons, and greater fifhes that devoured the bodies of the drowned. But Scy//a is now without danger; the current at this day not fetting uponit. And wonder I do at this prover- bial verfe, Who [hans Charybdis upon Seylla falls. Incidie in Scyllam qui vule vitare Charybdim. when thefe are twelve miles diftant from each other. I rather conjecture that within thefe ftreights there have been divers Charybdis’s occafioned by the recoyling ftreams. Asone there is between the South-end of this bay of Scy//a, and the oppolite point of Sicily (whereon ftandeth the ancient Pharas +) there the juftling waves make a violent eddy: which, when the winds are rough, doth more than threaten deftru&ion to the ingaged fhips,as I have heard of theSiciliansewhen feeking perhaps heretotore to avoid the then more impetuous turning,they have’been driven by the wether upon the not far diftant Scylla, By the Marine in Mefina there is a fountain of white marble, where ftands the ftatue of Weptane holding Scyl/a and Charybdis in chains; with thefe under. S written verfes. F aft 194 Lhe Holian INands. Auphage. CTD, 4, Impia nodofis cohibetur Scylla catenis ; Foft-binding ferters wicked Scylla hold ; Pergite fecure per frera noftra rates. , Sail fafely thorow our Streights, brave {hips behold, Capta eft praedacrix Siculique infamia ponti, Th'infamous thief that kept thefe feas is tane, Nec fremit in mediis feva Charybdis aquis. And fell Charghais rageth now in vain. Welt of Steilia in the Tyrrhene fea, but South, and within fight of this place, aré the e£ olan lands, fo called of lus Hippotades charus immortalibus diis. eEolus Hippotades Hom, Od, 1, 10. Dear t’immortal Deities. for fuch was his piety, he being Lord of them. He taught at firft the nfe of thé fail; and by obferving of the fire and {moke that afcended from thofe Iflands), ( for heréta- fore they all of them flamed ) prognofticated of ftorms to come: and chereforé was called the Sovereign of the winds. Of thefe were feven ( but now are eleven ) s!toft of an equal magnitude. Yet Lipariais the greateft( being ten miles in circuit ) 4s 2lfo the mott famous ; to which the other were fubjeé@ : fruitful, and abounding with bitu- men, fulphur, and allome, having alfo hot baths much frequented by the difeafed, In che year 1544. it was depopulated by the Z#rk: but Charles the fifth replanted ‘it with Spaniards, and fortified the place. The fire here went out about 4n age agone, having (as is to be fuppofed ) confumed the matter that fed it. Vulcano and Stromsbolo ( of which we will only {peak ) do now only burn. Valeano receiveth that name from Nis nature, confecrated formerly to Vulcan, and called his manfion. It is faid but firft to have appeared above water, about the time that Scipio Africanus died. A barren Ifland, ftony and un-inhabited. It had three tunnels whereat it evapoured fire; but “now hath but one, out of which it fmoketh continually, and cafts out {tones with a lor rible roaring. In the year of our Lord 1444 0n the fifth of February, it flate! fo abundantly, and flung forth fire and ftones with fuch an hideous noife, that not only the Iflands, but alfo Sici/sa trembled thereat. Perhaps the faft blaze . for now flame it doth not, but retaineth the ret of his terrors. Now Strombolo, called formerly Stron- gy'e, of the rotundity thereof (for all is no other than a high round mountain) doth burn almoft continually at the top like a Beacon, and exceeding ‘clearly : fo that by night itis to be difcerned a wondertul way. Thefe places ( and fuch like ) are com- monly affirmed by the Romane Catholicks to be the jaws of hell : and that within, the damned fouls are tormented? Ir was told me at Naples by a countrey-man of ours; and an old penfioner of the Popes, who wasa youth in the daies of King Hesry, that it wag . then generally bruited throughout Exgland, that Mt. Gre(hane a Merchant fetting fail from Palermo, ( where there then dwelt one Axthonio called the Rich, who atone time had two Kingdoms morgaged unto him by the King of Spain, being crofled by. con- trary winds, was conftrained to anchor under the lee of this Ifland: now about mid- day, when for certain hours it accuftomedly forbeareth to fame; he afcended the Mountain, with 8 of the failers; and approaching as near the vent as they durfts a- mongit other rioyfes they heard a voice cry aloud, difpatch, difpatch, the rich Avtonio isacoming. Terrified herewith they defcended ; and anon the mountain again eva- porated fire. But from fo difmal a place they made all the hafte that they could : when - the winds (till thwarting their coutfe, and deliring much toknow more of this matter, they returned to Palermo, And forthwith enquiring of Axtoxio, it was told them that he was dead ; and computing the time, did find it to agree with the very infant that the voice was heard by them. Grefham reported this at his return to the King: and the Mariners being called before him, confirmed by oath the narration. In Grelhams himfelf, as this Gentleman faid ( for I no otherwife report it) it wrought fo deep an im- preffion, that he gave over ell traffick ; diftributing his goods, a part to his kinsfolk, and the reft to good ufer, retaining only a competency for himfelf: and fo fpent the ; reft of his life inafolitary devotion. All the day following we ftaid at Séylla, the winds not favouring us. My Spauifh comrades were very harfh to me,( for in thefe parts they dereft the Englifhy and think us not Chriftians) but when upon their demand I told them that I was no Lutheran: they exceeded on the other fide ih their courtefle, One of them had been in the voy- st age of eighty eight ; ahd would fay that it was not we, but the winds that overthrew them, On the third of July we departed, and landed that night at Auphage, Here- about (as throughout this part of Calabria) are pot ftore of Tarantula’s; a ferpent peculiar to this countrey ; and taking that name fidar the City of Tarentum: Somé ‘ hold LIB. 4. Auphage. Caftilton. Paulas \\ i965 hold them to be of the kind of {pidersyothers of effis:but tliey are greatet than the one, and lefs than the other, and ( if that werea Tarantula which I have {een ) not greatly refembling either. For the head of this was {mall,the legs {lender and-knotty; the body light, the tail fpiny, and the colour dan, intermixed with fpots of a fullyed white. They lurk in the finks and privies, and abroad in flimy filch between furrows: for which canfe the country people doreap in boots. Tie iting is deadly, and the contrary ‘operations thereof moft miraculous. For fome fo ftung, are ftill oppreffed with a leaden fleep ; others are vexed with continued'waking, fome fling np and dawn, and others are ex- tremely lazie. He {weats, a fecond vomits;'a third runs mad,» Some weep continually, and fone laugh continually, and chatis the moft fual.: Infomuch, thatitis an ordinary faying toa man that is extraordinary merry, that ‘he hath been tung by. a. Tarantula. Hereupon not a few have thought, that there are as many kinds of Tarantula’s;/as fe- veral affections in the affected. But as.over-liberal cups do not work with all in one manner; but according to each mans natiite, dnd conftitition; fome weep, fome laugh, fome are tongue-tied, fome are all tongue, Lome fleep, fome leap over. tablesy 05:7 fome kifs, and fome quarrel: even fo it falls out with thofe that are bitten.’ The mére sis. ry, the mad, and otherwife aétively difpofed, are’ cured byemufick:sarlealt- it is the caufe, in that it incites them to dance indefatigably3 for by Jaboti¢ ad fweat the pay?” fon is expelled. And mulick‘alfo by & certaia' high excellenty ‘hath’béen’ found by ex. perience to ftir in the fad and drowfie fo ftrange an ‘alacrity,. that: they. ‘have Wwearied |... the {pectators with continued dancing, ‘In the mean time the pain shathnafwaged, the’ infection being driven from the heart, and the mind releafed of her fufferance. If the mufick intermit, the malady renews, bitt'aBain continued, and it vanifheth. And° ob-* jects of wonder have-wropghe the fame effects in.she frantick.,.A Bifhep.of this Coun- trey palling in the high-way,and cloathed in.red) one bit by a/Tarantula,hooting there- at, fella dancing about him. The offended Bifhop commanded that he fhould: be. kepr back, and made hafte away. But the people did inftantly intreat him to have compaf- fion on the poor diftrefled -wretch ; who would, forthwith die unfefs he ftood Atill, . and were fuffered to continue in that exercifé. So fhame or importunity inforced him.> ~ to flay, untill by dancing certain hours together the afflicted perfon became perfealy cured. The fourth of Fey we rowed apainitt the wind; and could reach no further than Caftilion : where the high-wrought feasdetained us the day followitig. Our churlith hoft, becaufe we fent for fuch things to'the town whereof he‘had more, made us alfo fetch our water from thence, it being a mile off, though he had imhis houfe a plentifol fountain. And I think there are not that profefs Chrift amore uncivil people than the vulgar Calebrians. Over land there is hot travelling without afluring pillage,and hardly to be avoided murder ; although all that you have about you {and that they know it) be not worth.a Dollar, Wherefore the Common paflape is by fea, inthis manner as we pafled now. Along the fhore there are many-of thefe Offaries = but moft of the towns are a good way removed, and mounted on hills, with not eafie accefles. Divers {mall forts adjoyn:to the fea, and watch-towers throughout. For:the Darks nat feldom make incurfions by night; lurking in the day time about thofe-un-inhabited:Iflands. Under thefe forts we nightly haled up our boat, and fleptin our clothes on the fand. And our’ fare was little better than our lodging : Tunny, onions,-cucumbers, and. melons be- ing our ordinary viands. Not but that weimight have had better, but the fouldiers were thrifty, and I was loath to exceed them. For there being but only one houfe at a lace, they fold every thing not according’ to the worth, but to the neceflity of the haven But Mulberries we might gather, and eat of free-coft; dangeroufly unwhol- fom if not pulled from the trees before Sun-rifing. Of them ‘there are here every where-an infinite number: infomuch, that more filk is madein Calabria, than befides it all Zta/y. And from the leaves of thofe that grow higher on the mountains ( for the Apennine ftretcheth along the midft of this Countrey ) they’ gather plenty‘of Manna, the belt of all other: which falls thereon like a dew in'the night time. Here a certain Calabrian, hearing that I was an Englifh-man, came to me; ‘and would’ needs perfwade me that I had infight in magick ; for that Earl Borhe/ was my Countrey-man, who lives: at Naples, and isin thofe parts famous for fufpeéted Necromancy. He told me that he had treafure hidden in his houfe ;. the quantity and quality fhewn himby a boy, upon the conjuration of a Knight of A@alta ; and offered to fhare it between us, if I could help him untoit. But I anfwered, that in Exgland we were at defiance with the De- vil +: and that he would do nothing for us, | ! Oa che fixth. of July. we landed: by ned before Pasla, and afcended the -— 2 ig 196 ——- Salerne.. Promontory of Minerva. LIB. 4. high mounted:on a mountain. Here was St. Francis bors from: whom the Order of the Ad4imims is derived. ‘A mile above theresis a Monaftery confecrated unto him : where one of his teeth, which cureth the tooth-ach ( if you will believe them ) is to be feen, with a rib of his, his beard, his habit, and fandals. They fay, at Afeffiza, that be- ing denied paflage by a fifher-man he {wam over the Phare in his gown, (having firft petitioned heaven ) and for that was canonized, The next day-we touched at Belvidere; then at Lifeare; whereof Carolas Sprvolais Prince, whofe elder brother was taken -by | the Turks. The confonancy of the names; ot treachery of the people, have authorized the report that /fcariot was. here born. In the.cool/of the Evening we rowed to Pale- veda. July the 8 ch. we crofled' the bay of Salerne, of that ancient, City fo. named; feated in the bottom thereof ; ‘honored with a Prince, and-a famous Univerlity ; but how bleffed in the temper ! . Que Borex gelidas furias contemnit Ovantis, She doth the chill rage of the North defpife : hes ptocellofi defpicit arma Noti, And blaftring winds that from the South arife. Metbeien SoU Wi ie ieee For plea{ant air with Media {he contends : Fundit & a biferis Indica ‘dona jugis. plate Tey ABE RAE AR BE ed 2 4 Protinus Autumnus Veris cum tempore certats 10M DVS LWICE-DCATINE 4 nhLan fruits defcen Se Et Ver cum Autumini tempore certat idem. _ Rich Autumn firiveth with the fragrant [pring : Hunc acceffit Hyems, yernantibus uda capillis; ‘The [priag with Autumn. Winter wondering, _ Er peperit mirans, & fibi poma legit, © pith flowry, locks, and pregnancy unknown, Tura mari fruitur ; terrae dominatur amare 5° <-‘” Ex Coeli mutat juras* quid ergo ? ‘Dea, >. Doth bear, and gather Apples of his oma, , -ias)>, Safefeas, aloved foyle commands: Heavens free. J.C. Scal.. Baily weigh A ppoiutment.alters. What >? aGoddefs fhe, That night we atrived ata little Village fome twelve miles beyond ; where we lodged, as the nigfit before; in'a little Chappel’ The’ néxt morning betimes we reached the Cape ; from Jace babasmmmoy qodiid habnsto : ae Alta isi ent vertice Pallas, © ging FEbele Stormy crown far of high Pallas fees. her Temple there being faid to:have been ereéted by “/y/fess and formerly called the Promontory of Ad:nerva. Here’ alfo ftood:a renowned Atheneum, flourifhing in the fe- veral excellencies of learning and eloquence. | Infomuch, as from hence. grew, the fa- ble of the Syrens, ( feigned to haveinhabited:hereabout ) who fo-inchanted, with the Sweetnefs.of their fongssand,deepnefs of their Science: of both,thus boalting to d/y/fes: Huc age profectus, gloriofe Ulyffes, ingens gloria Gree : Navem fite, ae noRtanr voces) audias é : a hes Zletleer-thy fips Cof Greeks) to glory freere; Non enim unquam aliquis huc..praternavigavir “nave That our fongs er delight thee, anchor here. nigta, , Never yet man in fable bark, fail’d bys Prinfquam noftram fuavem ab.ore vocem audiret, ’ That gave not ear to aur {weet melody; Sed hic deletatus abit, & pluta doRus.: = — | And parted pleas'd, his knowledge bettered far : Scimus enim tibi omnia quecunque in Troja lara We hy oe : ie e know Greeks Greci, Trojanique, deorum yoluntate paffi : know what Greeks and Trojans in Troyes war Scimus etiam quacunque fiunt in terra mulripafcua. Sustained. by the doom of Gods : and all " Hom. Od. 1. x2. | Lhusdoth upon the fosd-full Earth befall; the fame attributes being given unto chem, which were given to the Mufes. But after that thefe ftudents had abufed their gifts tothe colouring of wrongs, the corruption of manners, and fubverlion of good government; the Syrens were feigned to have been transformed into monfters, and with their melody and blandifhments, to. have enticed the paflenger to his ruine, and fuchas came hither ; confuming their patrimo- nies, and poyfoning their-virtues;with riot and effeminacy. This Promontory is beau- tifully enriched with wines and fruits: of whofe pregnancy the City, that now. ftands on the extent thereof, may feem to be named, Majores Maffam dixerunt nomine, namque — By ch’ ancients Maffa call’d, for that the ground Pe: Sage sh 28 a ne Ge Doth here with all commodities abound. SS uNnCCOFUM TiC etiam COMECTA Cit Mana DONOFUM, : . : Uc merito Hee Maflz nomen habere putes, aliments nafs dy: ih all good thor doft bold: [bs ieP snocell. So that of merit Maffa nam'd of old. We pafled between this Cape and Capra ; an Ifland diftant three’ miles from the fame . {mall and rocky, having no haven, nor convenient ftation...But the air. is there mild, even during the Winter; being defended from the bitter North by the Surrentine mouns LIB. 4. _. Capra. Naples. a. mountains, and by the Weft-wind, to which it lies open, refrefhed in the Summer ; pofleffing on all fides the pleafure of the fea, and the delicate profpects of Vefuvinm, Naples, Cuma, and the adjoyning Iflands, The Theleboans did firft inhabit it, fo called of Theloz the father of Ocbalus, * Nor hall our verfe thee Ocbhalus forget ; Mec tu carminibus noftris indi€tus abibigy whom the Nymph Subethis to Thelon bore : Oecbale, quem generaffe Thelon Subethide Nympha Thelon then old the crown of Capra wore, Jam aie Kalida nacre And T heleboans rul'd ae = Vie En. | irg, Hn. 1, 7. who were originally of Sames. But when Auguftus Cafar came into thefe parts, it was inhabited by Grectans. And becaufe an old faplefs tree did flourifh a-frefh upon his landing in the Ifland, he would needs have it of the Meapolirans, in exchange for e- yaria; which from thenceforth he varioufly beautified, and honoured with his retire- ments. But Tyberizs made Capre,by his cruelty and lufts, both infamous and unhappy; who hither with-drawing from the affairs of the Common-wealth, (for that the Ifland ‘was un-acceflible on all fides by reafon of the upright clifts, except only at one place, no mam being fuffered to land but upon efpectal admitcance) hence fent his mandates of death. In the mean time making it a very {tews of incredible beaitlynefs , which modefty will not fuffer to relate. Infomuch, that Capre was {tiled the Ifland of fecret lutts, and he Capreveas. His ufuat companions were Magicians and Sooth-fayers ; whereof the Satyre, {peaking of Sejanus, The Princes Tutor glorying to be nam’d,’ Tutor haber Sitting vv caves of Capra with defam'd Cree ae aprearum in ftupe fudentis Chaldeans oe Juy. Sat. 0 The principal of thefe was Thrafyllas ; whom Tyberiss intending on a time to thruft down from a cliff as they walked together, in that he had failed in a former prediétion, and perceivins by his looks that he was troubled in his mind, demanded the caufe. Who replyed chat by his art he fore-faw fome hardly to be avoided danger to be neer him: whereat Tyberizs amazed, altered his purpofe. A few years before his death, the Pharws there ftanding, and {poken of by Pamspinins, 4 (Pharus on Theleboan rocks {weet light Theleboumque domus trepidis ubi dulcia nautis; ; ‘< Come 7 ° ° MW ni i ili ® Sad Sailers (Moon-light) fhews in erring might.) 1 Lumina epee pets arus emula Lune was thrown down by an earth-quake. Unto.this Ifland they nfed to confine offenders 3 a cu‘tome that coatiaues-to this day. Amongft other Grots here is one that hath ap en- trance very ob{cure, but leads into a lightfome cave, exceeding pleafant, by reafon. of the water dropp.ng down. from on high. About the fhore there are: divers ruines, {nflicient witnefles of the Romane :masnificency. Here is a little City ( whereof: there is a Bifhop) of the name of the Ifland, having a {trong fortrefs ; fo feared, that by one alone it may be defended. And Avacapre, a town erected ona higher rock,moun- ted by a narrow, fteep, and difficult paflage: yet the inhabitants by ufe, and with bur- thens on their backs, afcended it with eafe. Befides thefe, towards the North are fundry ftragling habitations. The inhabitants are generally Fifher-men, and Ship- wrights; being much employéd about the Navy at Aaples. In regard whereof they made‘a petition, that‘fuch as were banifhed and confined unto this Ifland, might not ftay in Anacapre by night ; left they fhould force or corrupt their wives in their ab- fence. They are exempted from all payments, permicted to wear.arms, yetlive in great poverty, and are often at Sea furprized by Turks, who lead them inco fervitude. Othe right hand we left Swrrentune, fo called of the Syrens + which doth require a more large defcription than our brevity will permit: deftroyed by Pral Baff[a in the year 1558: when. drawing near unto Naples, we threw all the bread we had into the Sea; twenty duckats being forfeited for every loaf brought chither; for that they will have the better utterance for their own. About noon, having run all that morning be- fore the wind, we arrived at Naples. | Suk V1 ) Of the time when the City was built, divers authorsido differ, not to be reconciled by réeaforof. the antiquity. Some fays an-hundred feventy/years after the deftruction of Troy, others but twenty, and others fay orherwife. Noolefs difagree they concern= . ing the builder, whereof the Weapolisan Poet»... oe S$ 3 Balt 298 Naples. — YS. 4. Niceris extruéta a dulci Sirene-; Phaleri Baile by (weet Syren; [aid to be buile by Diceris, & foelix imperiantis honpr. Stern Phaleris, his Empires happy glory, iceris & Veneri iflimus hortus, 8 acris ) ¢ 2 ae aS Diceris & Veneris, grarifitms 4 Call’d the rare horg-yard of fair Cyprades, Alcidis campus diceris eff2 nowus. Call’d the’ I of Oak Bibiciles s Diceris & flave Cereris mitiflima tellus ; ei ty new fie os ae puiiseade Diceris intonfi vinea_pulchra Dei. Call’d the fat foyle of Ceres crown'd with corn ; Non mirum 5 ipfa urbes fuperas dulcedine canttas, Call’d the rich vine-yard of the God un- flora, Imperio, forma, robore, fruge, mero, Wo marvels for oi City i; be Pa biee. : Augerianus. 7 For {weetne{s, Empire, beauty, firength, corn, wine, But thatit was firft built by the inhabitants of Cuma is the moft approved ; and called Parthenope (a name molt frequently given it by the Poets) of the Syrex Parthexope + who was here intombed under a licele hill not far from the haven, called the Mountain, di- vinely honoured by the Weapolitans ; and where Oracles were faid to be given; de- molifhed atter by an earth-quake. | Exere femirutos {ubité de pulvere vultus, Parthenope, from earth thy looks. half-bare Sains Be hog ae ie Sic ee aie Forthwith advance, th'inclofing noountains torn * one nulos, & m umn, fis at ‘ie Po | PP gens 2 Silye” And on thy fons fad hearfe Spread thy forc’d hair. Now when the City began exceedingly to flourifh, to the neglect and threatned defo- - Tation of Cama, the Cumans razed it to the earth, for which being: punifhed with a plague, they were admonifhed by an Oracle to rebuild it,and to offer facrifice year- ly atthe tomb of the Syren. Of that new edification it was called Neapolis ; but Strabo faith, of the new inhabieants; who were Athenians, and others of the Greek. Nation. This City is not only the Metropolis of C ampantas but Queen of the Picentines, Hirpinesy Lucanans, Brutians, Calabrians, Salentines, Peucetians, Samnites,V eftinians, Ferentanvans, and Daunians. Her throne is anfwerable to her dignity; placed under a {miling heaven, in a rich and flourifhing foyle. Bounded on the South-eatt fide with a bay of the 7yrrhene Sea, unacquainted with tempefts; along which fhe ftretcheth ; and is back’d by mountains ennobled for their generous wines: whereof afcending a part, fhe enjoyeth the delicate profpects of Veluoium, Surrentum, Capre, Mifenns, Porchita, and e#aria, Her beauty is inferior unto neither. The private bualdings being graceful, and che publick ftarely ; adorned with ftlatues, the work of excellent work-men; and fundry preferved antiquities, — meet rai pet scine mevallis..1 Here fonesthere are by curious Grecians wronght y axa, qued Eow refpergit yenaSyenes,. . . ? : Synade quod meefta Phrygize fotcte fecures 6 ? ti ea Speckled quarries Lays Per Cybeles lugentis agros, ubi marmore.picto at Pirygian teols hew at fad Synada | Candida purpureo diftinguitur area gyro. ~~ La weofrl Cyleds Gelds 5 where purple veins Hic: & Amyclei@zfum de monte Lycurgi = The pure white marble beautifully flavus. Quod viret, & molles imitatur rupibus- herbas, °° Tp, greeny from hills cut neer Amyclis towers, Hic Nomadum lucent: flaventiafaxa; Thafofque, Er Chie, & gaudens fluGus {peCtare Cariftos, ; (Lycur gus foyl) Statius Sily. J. 2. refembling rocks and flowers. Here Thafian, Chian, Nomads yellow. thefe , Cariftos mates, that joyes to gaxe on feas. As for her.ftrength, the band of Art hath joyned with Nature to make her invincible, For, belides the being almoft environed with the fea, and mountains not to be tran- {cended without much difficulty and difadvantages the is firongly walled, and further ftrengthened with three {trong Caftles. The one, and that impregnable, {tandeth a- oft, and behind it, on the top of mount Herisus, or of Erafmus, (fo called of a little Chappel there dedicated unto him) begun by Charles the fecond in the year 1289, and finifhed by Rodert his fucceflor : where the tower of Bel-fort Stood, ereGted 119 years before by the Normans. This isa defence to the adjoyning conntrey ; a fafe- guard and a ctirb tothe City ; forit over-looketh it all; and hath both of {ea and land a large {urvey, and no narrow command. Charles the fifth pulling down: the old, did ftrongly re-build it, according to the medern fortification ; cutting a way about it out ths rock for the conveyance of horfe-men. The gate thereof doth prefent this nicription, | IMPERATORIS CAROLI V. AUG. CASARIS jusSu,; AC PETRI TOLEDA VILL& FRANCHA MARCHIONIS JUSTISS: PRO REGIS AUSPICIIS,PYR- RHUS ALOISIUS SERINA VALENTINUS, D. JOHANNIS EQUES; CES A- REUSQUE MILITUM PRO SUO BELLICIS IN REB; EXPERIMENTO; F, CURAVIT. M.D;XXXVUl | Tn L I B. Ae Naples. i 99 In the year 1587, andinthe Winter feafon, it was fet on fire by lightning ; which taking hold of the powder, blew upall that was about it, and fhook the whole City - whereof much no queftion had fuffered, had it not been kepr fo near the top of the Caftle. The houfeof Dox Garfia of Toledo, the Governour chereot, was fhaken to the ground; whom I mention.the rather, for that he was, commonly called the fortunate Knight. Ouatimeina tempeft a wave threw him ovér-board, and another caft him into another Galley, and fo faved him. Thenalfo the day before this accident hap- ned, he. was removed with his family ; but Phv/ip the fecond both repaired and enlar- gedit. The Souldiers have goodly Orchards about it, to the encreafe of their enter- tainment. Apleafant place, and pleafantly they live there ; arriving at the extremi- ty of old age through the excellency of the Ayr. Within the City, near the Sea, and aloft, there ftandeth another, called, The new Caftle, built by Charles Duke of dajox, King of Naples, by the Popes donation, and by conqueft, to defend the City and un- der-lyins haven from Maritime invafions. This Cattle, Alphonfus the firft having expulfed the French-men, greatly enlarged ; fo that at this day it may ftand in compa- rifon with the principal fortteffes of Zealy ; furnifhed by Charles the fifth,and Philip the fecond, with all military provifion, wherein there lieth a {trong Garrifon. In the midit of this Caftle ftands a royal Palace, adorned bravely both without and within ; the feat of the Viceroy. The third Caftle ftands at the South-eaft corner of the City, upon a rock that theufteth like an arm into the Sea ; and is joyned by the labour of man tothe continent. Ic wascall’d AZegarrs, either of A4egara, the wife of Hercules, or of the W4egarians which there inhabited ; and A¢yagra, of the hopelefs fortunes of the im= prifoned, there being from thence no hope of efcape.Called alfo che Caftle of Lacallis, either for that he made it ficft an Mfland, orfor the fith-ftoves by him hewn out of the Rock, ‘and built; which yet are manifeft by their raines. Whereof a late traveller ; Oftriferam Megarim forcitam nomen ab ove Legimus, ut perhibént Luculli divitis olim — We AL egaris with Or Sters flor'd, paft by, , ad 8 F : ¢ 7 ® pee d of ax Ege 2 f ee si’ Hus joys Gandia, & Icario Villam folamen ab xftu. — nd manfion free fr 0Mb ED? 4CAr LAL fi HY Jo Extat adhuc rupes intus cava, fonfque perenni AA cave yet extant, with a living [preagy Dulcis aqua, ftatio barbatis commoda multis, The bearded Barbels fitly harboring, It is now called Ca/fels del Ovo, inregard of the form of the Rock,buile by Wi/tiam the third, andnamed for a long time the Caftle'of the Wormans, Enlarged by Charles the firft; repaired by the two Kings Robert and Alphon{us ; and augmented, and ftrongly fortified by Phi/p the fecond ; teftified by this theit ingraveninfcription: > PHILIPPUS IL HISPANIARUM:REX PONTEM: A CONTINENT] AD LUGULLIANAS ARCES OLIM AUSTRI FLUCTIBUS CONQUASSATUM, NUNC SAXIS OBICIBUS RESTAURAVIT 2» FIRMUMQUE : REDDIDIT. “ D. JOANNE ZUNICA PROREGE. A.D, M.D, XCV: To let pafs the 4rfenal belonging to the Navy; not unfurnifhed of neceflaries, fpeak we now of the 4Zo/e.; that from the South-winds defendeth the haven: (yet is the whole Bay an excellentrode) a work of great charge and nof{mall admiration. .This ftretcheth into the Sea five hundred paces ; firft, towards the South-eaft, and then to the North-eaft;, lined on the fides, and paved under foot with great fquare (tone. In the midit:whereof ftands'a marble Fountain. It was begun by Charles the fecond,enlar- ged by Alphon{us the firft, but abfolutely finifhed by the Emperonr Charies the fifth, and Philip his fucceflor. . The concourfe of {undry Nations: to,this haven doth add an over-abundance to their native plenty; Apa/ia fends them almonds, oylshoney, cattel, and cheefe ,° Calabria (belides moft of the fore-named) filk, manna,figs, fugar, excel-, Jent wines, minerals, and matter for the building of fhips; Sres/za relieveth them with corn, if at any time theirown foil prove'un-fruitful ; enriching them. further-more with her fore-mentioned produionss Africa furnifheth them with skins, Sparn wich ~ clothandgold ; E/ba with fteel.and iron ;, and we with. our Countries commodities + fo thatnothing is wanting. A City dedicated from the firtt foundatiomto delight and retirement : whereunto the Grecians (the founders) were wholly addicted. Hither re- aired the Romans, when either opprefled with.the affairs of the world, or with mif- b eestien, age, or infirmities 5 to recreate their f{pirits;. and poffeffe a longed-for tran= quillity. Whereunto Pawsp:mus inviting his wife, I Prive 200 Has ego te fedes (nam nec mihi barbara Thrace, Nec Libye notale folum) transferre laboro, Quas & mollis hyems, & frigida temperat xftas, Quas imbelle fretum torpenribus alluit undis. Pax fecura locis & defidis ocia vite ; Et nutiqnam turbata quies, fomnique peraCti. Nulla toro rabies, aut ftri@tz jurgia legis, Morum jure viris, Silvarsl. 3. And Virgrl, [Ilo Virgilium me tempore dulcis alebat Parthenope, ftudiis florentem iguobilis oti, Geor, 1. 4. Naples. | LIB. 4. I ferive dear Sweet ( for. Libya nor wilde Thrace Gave birth to me) to draw thee to this place. This, where warm Winters, and cool Swnsmers rain: Wafht with calms waves of the fiill-quret Main, Here vacant Life, here Peace, here Empire keeps Never difturbed refi, un-brokew fleeps. No noifeof courts, nor wrangling firrfes of Laws, Old ufage is their rale, Me V, irgil {weet Parthenope then nonrifht, Whoin the findies of retir'd life flourifht. But now theonely regal City of Jtaly; her royal Court is compleatly furnifhed with Princes and Gommanders; her tribunals are peftered with clamorous advocates, and litigious clients; her ftreets with Citizens and Forrainers, in purfuit of their delights and profits ; whofe ears are daily in-ured to the found of the Drum and Fife, as their _ eyes tothe bounding of fteeds, and gliftering of Armours. So that fhe feemeth at this day to affoord you all things but her former vacancy. Being firft the receptacle of Philofophy, then of the Mufes, andlaftly, of the Souldiery. Parthenope variiftatuit difcrimina mundi, Quz tria diverfo tempore fxcla dedi. Aurea Pythagoras communis commoda vitz, Er docuit Sophia Grecia magna procos, Altera fuccedens ftudiorum mollior ztas, Admiffit Mufas debilicre fono, Tertia vulnifici queefivit prmia ferri, Argue equitum potuit fola tenere decuse Sic ex privata & ferva regina fuperfum : Roma, quod es fuerams quae modo {um quod eras, ji Gc. § ae \ Diftinguslhing times changes, three of worth, At feveral times Parthenope brought forth. Pythagoras to {ach as wifdows foug ht, The froits of civjl life in Great Greece taught. The next, lefs weighty, yet with happy wit, The fofter founding Mufes did admit. The third decibel unto wars pur{wit, Of howour'd K mght-hood held the fole repute. Obfcure, afervant ; now I rule a Queen: Rome, was what thou art. and what thou hast been. This City was firft a Common-wealth of the Arhemans ; after a partaker of the Romane priviledges 5 then fucceflively fubje& to the Oriental Empire. ba Count Roger the Norman did make it a regal City, by joyning thereunto 4pasia and Sista Hiaonthis fide the Phare (for fo was Calabria then called) the firft King of Naples : crowned inthe yea¢ 1125 by Aaacleres the Anti-pope; as alfo of Sicilia, the Iland whereot we have fooken before. fortune, until the expulfion of the Frezch-mex out of the laft named. ‘There two Ningdoms fuftering as it were one But the King dom of Wap/es continued in adire& line inthe honfe of 4xjox, until Fozr the firft, x the Niece unto King Robert, was depofed by ¢rbon the fixth, becaufe fhe had de- fended the caufe of C/ement the feventh: which Zrbam gave it unto Charles the Prince tivban and Of Durace, deicended of the brother of the fore-faid Robert, Poffefled after by this Cle his two children, Lzd:flaas, who was alfo King of Hungaria, (as was his Father) met were and another Foan + but not without wars and rebellions. For Fozz the firft adopted Popes a Ledowick,the Duke of Anjou (the fecond fon to the King of Prance) her heir, by the ane time ¢ butthe afient of Clessent the feventh. And although he was flain in battel by Charles of Du- latter was Vace, yet Lodowick-his fon was crowned by the faid Clement, in vain contending for left out of the poflefiton with Ladi flaws, aud Queen Foan thefecond.’ But his fon Lodowick was the Cata~ called in by Agartra the fifth, andin-vefted with the Royalty, Who deprived Queen logue of Popes, 0 ,. Jay for that the refufed to aid him again{t Dracchixs a Rebel tothe Papacy. Where= ing held wpon the Queen adopted Alphonfus King of 4rragon her heir, provided’ that he for a febifs Should affi& her apaintt Lodowick her enemy.’ But when he came unto Naples, finds maiick.He ing all the affairs of State to ‘be governed by her, he attempted to commit her to Rept his Court ia Avignion. prifon ; Which fhe avoided by: flight; and-in revenge thereof revoked: the former adoption ; ado} ting her former enemy Lodowick in his ftead. ' Lodowick dead, the Queen adopted Revatas his brother; ‘and died not long after.» When Ferdinand the bafe fon of Alphon{us, pretending that the Kingdom was lapfed to the Church, entred Naples by force, and was confirmed inthe government thereof by Engenius.So lott it was by the Fresch, and poffefled by the 4rragonians, until after the flight of King Free derick, the French and Spaniards divided it between them,under the conde of Lewis the “ET B4 Naples. abe 205 the twelfth, and Ferdiaand (ir-named the Catholick. But the Preach were foon after driven out by the Spauards, who poflefled the whole; and therein do continue to this day ; not without che grudg of the other, and fecret repining of the Papacy ; af- firming that it belongeth to the Church, together with Srei/ra, * But they have not the will to contend with fo falt a friend; neither have they the power.’ Befides, who kriows not chat the one of them could not fo well fubfift without tte other. The Germans, in acknowledgment of their tenure of the Papacy, gave the Pope yearly eight and forty thoufand Ducats, together with a white horfe, The money though remitted by Julius the fecond, unto Ferdinand the Catholick, yet at this day 'is*paid together with the white hackney. The Spasiards govern this Kingdom by 4 Vice- roy 3 yet to be directed when occafion fhall ferve, by the Council appointed for /raly, The Vice-roy now being Duke of Lemos. ierert The fo many in-novations that have hapned to this un-happy Kingdom have pro- ceeded partly from the over-much power, and factions of the Nobility ; but chiefly in that the Election of their Kings depended on the Popes, who defpofed and crowned according to their fpleens and affe@tions: whereunto the fhortnefs of their lives, and often contention of the Papacy (the affifted approving, and the refifted depriving) may be added. But the Spaniard hath fecured his éftate by the prevention of thefe difturbatices, taking all powér and greatnefs, more then titular, from the Nobility ; fappreffing the popular, and indeed the whole Countrey, by the forreign Souldiery garrifoned amongit them, who may obey perhaps with as much love, as Galley- flaves obey thofe that have deprived them of their fortunes and liberty. The King doth keep in this Kingdom a Regiment of four thoufand Spamards, befides fixteen hundred tn, the Maritime towns and fottrefles, A thoufand great horfe are in-rolled, and four hundted and fifty light horf-men. The battalion confitts of two hundred thoufand,. five hundred threefcore and thirteen: thefe are not in pay but in time of fervice, and thenraifedin part, according to occafion, For every hundred fires are charged with five foot-men ; and théfe’are four millions, eleven thoufand four hun- dred fifty and four fires in this Kingdom: © Thefe are named by certain in every Town deputedfor the fame: but fo, that if they.be not ‘well liked by their Captains, they make choice of ‘others in their flead. The Captains and Officers in time. of Peace have their (landing penfions. Their flrength at Sea confifteth of feven and thirty Gallies. . But what doth the King receive from this Kingdom more 'then trouble, and title? For although the revenue and donatives. (now made a revenue) with impofiti- ons, amount yearly to two millions, and fifty thoufand Ducates; yet defalk one milli-, on, and thirty thoufand thereof given ordinarily away in penfions and other largefles ; tlie reft fufficeth not by much to maintain the Garrifons, Gallies, Horf-men, and re- mainder of the Souldiery. © gana pe ap ‘fo This Countrey, for the better government, is divided into thirteen Provinces, wherein are a thoufand five hundred three-{core and three. Cities, “and Towns, (twenty of them the feats of Arch-bifhops,and an hundred and feven of Bifhops)thofe along the. coafts of principal ftrength:, and although it be a Peninfula, yet are there few havens. throw- out, and not many fafe tations. The Towns and Cities are» fubje& unto Nobles of fundry Titles, (uch asare not, have their Captains) who as they increafeinnumber, decreafe in authourity : for that many of them have been © bought by men. of bafe conditions ;.and,many. of the. ancient have exhaufted, their Patrimonies... Befides; no Office is alotted them, nor command, whereby they might attain to. eftimation : every, Officer is;,countenanced againft them; all their faulcs Jookt into 5 Juftice executed upon them with rigour ; their vaflals (in whofe love and obedience their potency did formerly confift) now alienated from them, and being backt-in “their contentions ‘are grown néglefed of them. Toconclude, they have’ loft their ftings; and'defperate of their liberty nourith in their brefts an hatred which they dare not exprefle; much leffe put’ into aétion, having no likelihood of forreign , affittance ; allthe Princes of /ta/y being either in perfe@tamity with the Spamard, on awed by his greatnefs,\ Ai for the French, their'memory is defervedly hateful: unto them; ‘The body of the Nobility confifts of fourteen Princes; five and twenty Dukes, thirty Marqueffes, 54 Earls,andfour thotifand Barons. For default of heirs male, their principalities revert tothe King, who fells. them moft commonly to menof mean birth, and meaner fpirits, who are hated ot the hononrable; whereby a defired envy atid difcord is foftered amongft them. Moft of thefe do live moit part of the year in thé City; ‘where they have five feats for their five Aflemblies of Capua, Nido, Aone The tana, Spente, and Lafpente, 202 Naples. Labulla. L Lbs 4. The chizf Officers in the Kingdom under the Vice-roy, are the high Conttable, Chief Juftice, Admiral, Great Chamberlain, Secretary, Marthal, and Chiancellour. The more fevere that thefe are ro the naturals, the greater their repute with the Spaniard, who enrich themfelves by extorting from the other, and give a pregnant proof of the many calamities which are incident unto all Kingdoms that are govern- ed by Deputies. Nor is the Kinga little abufed by their avarice, and that not onely in the Souldiery, of whom there be fewer by anun-reafonable number then are in- rolled and paidfor. The Taxes that are impofed upon Silks, as well wrought as uo- wrought,hath fo inhanced the price, that the forraia Merchant negleéteth to trade ; tothe great impoverifhment of the Citizens, whofe efpecial commodity doth con- fittin working, and quick fale thereof. And whatrates are impofed upon Viduals and Wines, may be gathered by this, that cuftome of herbs {pent yearly in Naples amount- eth to 4000 /, of our money. Andof Wines they have fuch.a quanticy, that 12000 Buts are every feafon tranfported out of this Kiugdom. Naples ts the pleafanteft of Cities, if not che moft beautiful; the building all of free-{torie, the ftreets are broad and paved with brick, vaulted underneath for the con- veyance of the fulledge, and ferved with water by Fountains and Conduits. Her Pala- ces are fair but her Temples ftately, and gorgeoufly furnifhed; whereof, adding Chappels and {Monafteries within her walls, and without, (for the Suburbs do equal the City in magnitude) fhe containeth three thoufand. It is fappofed that there are in her three hundred thoufand- men, befides women and children, Their habit is ge* nerally Spam(h: the Gentry delight much in great Horfes, whereupon they prance continually thorow the ftreets, The number of Caroffes is incredible that are kept in this City, as of the fegges not unlike to horfe-litters, but carried by men. Thefe wait for Fares in the corners of ftreets, as. Water-men do. at our Wharfes : where thofe that will not foot it in the heat, are born Cif they pleafe un-feen) about the Citye. None do wear'weapons, without efpecial admittance, but the Souldiery.. Their wo- men are beholding to Nature for much beauty, or to cunning Art, for anot tobe dif- cerned impoftury :_ howfoever they excel infavour, which Art can have no hand ip. They are elegantly clothed ; and filk is a work-day wear for the wife of the meaneft Artificer. They are not altogether fo ftti@ly guarded‘as in other places of Italy 5 perhaps lefs tempted, in regard of the numberof allowed Curtizans;, there being of them in the City about thirty thoufand.. Before we.go to Patzele,let us travel a little. without the North-fide of the City, and turn with the land as far as Vefuviun. Not to {peak of the admirable Orchards (though here every where fo commons not to be admired). nor of the pleafant_and profitable foyl ;_ we will firft obferve the ample Fountain of Labsl/a, there rifling firlt, but fuppofed to proceed. hy concealed paflages, from the root of Ve/ueiun, It is called Labulla, in that the waters do boy! as it were; and Labiolo, in that they throw them- felves into the month of an Aquadué ; wherein, tinder earth conveyed for the {pace of two miles,..they divide afunder. Parte alia sLesiaah ti ca pal shes Th’ one way Sebethus throngh fen channel glides, Teriguis Sebechus aqvis, & gurgite leni : . va ho fecat, iquidque terit fola rofcida lymphis, And with mild fireams the dewy foyl divides : Gab. Alti. Turning to the South thorow certain matifhes, and running under Sairtt Magdalens bridg into the Sea ; thereupon called Frame dela Magdalena.’ The other part conti- nueth her progrefs towards the City, called particularly Formello: but generally Lee bulla, as before the divifion. Whereof the Neapolitan: Sed qué me rapis heu raucum puriffima Nympha, Ah whither Nymph force you faint me) Labulla, Nympha Labulla, urbem fonte perenne rigans, 1; Watring thetown frons Ipr. wa gst Serge decay. Iabens {ubiter vicatim moenia circum ae f Perque domos largo flumine, perque wil T hr. ough houfes, by br gh Ways, with fireams profound Atria aquis, domus omnis aquis, urbs omnis abundat Under fireets gliding » walls iabracing round: Nilis, & centum fontibus unda venir, Courts, dwellings, all the City ferving fo Prebet ubique libens, fitienti pocula lympha With waters, that through hundred channels flow. —' Splendidior vitro, dulcior ambrofia. ) With grateful. cups.to thirty lips each where Donat. Frane. Pre fent, Ambrofia lef{s {weet, glafs lefs clear, So that the whole City doth ftlandas it were upon. Rivulets, whereby it is not onely ferved, but purged. Zhe former Poet thus fings of the loves of the divided ftreams : Caree LIB, 4. Vefuvium. 203 Care-free Sebethus (had wot falle love tung Cantabat vacuus curis Scbechus ad amnem, ray gentle breft.) thusto the river fung F > res nee perfidiosus ‘ak a ean - - Jpia veniad lalices, €t.opace umbracula vitis, Cowse to the willows, to the vines coal fhade, ts Ipfa veni ad noftros culta Labulla modos, Coms?, neat Labulla, to our fongs - low'd maid Cua Labulla veni, funt hic:tibi ferra paratay Labulla, come, Here garlands, {weet compofares Nexa fimul calathis, junéa fitnul violis. Of violets have L for thee in maunts of Ofiers. ae The far end of this valley is confined by Ve/uvizm, four miles removed, and Fatt of the City; from whence the Sun is firft feen to arife, as if that were his bed-chambe?. This mountain had a double top ; that towards the North doth endin a Plain: The other towards the South afpireth more high, which when hid in clouds prognofticates Rain tothe Neapolitans. Inthe top there is a large deep hollow, without danger to be defcended into, in form of an Amphitheatre; in the midft a pit which leads into the entrails of the earth, from-whence the mountain in times paft did breathe forth terri- ble flames ; the mouth whereof is almoft choked with broken Rocks and Trees that are faln thereon. Next to this the matter thrown up is ruddy, light, and foft; more removed, black, and ponderous; the uttermoft brow that declinech like the feats ina Theatre, flourifhing with trees, and excellent pafturage, The midft of the hill is Shaded with chefiut-trees, and others, bearing fundry fruits. _ The lower parts ad- mirably clothed with Vines, that afford the beft Greek, wines in the world : which hath given to the mountain the name of de Sommo, in regard of their excellency ; affordiag to the owners the yearly revenue of 300000 ducates. They clarifie it with the white of Ess, to fupprefs the fuming, adding Sulphur thereunto, or Salt, os Al- — - Jom. So now ithath loft the name of Vefueium, with the caufe why it was given, which fignifieth a {park, as efexs a conflagration. It flamed with the greateft hor- ror in the firft, or as fome fay, inthe third year of the Emperor Titus . where, be-- fides Beatts,. Fifhes, and Fowl, ic deftroyed two adjoynis Cities, Herculanum, and Powsperos, with the people fitting inthe Theatre, ?/ythe natural Hiftorian, then Admiral to the Romane Navy, was fuffocated with the fmnoak thereof. Then the remote Africk fuffered the dire heat Senfit procul Africa tellus th he s Tune ex pulvereis geminata incendia nimbis. Of two-fold ta ith (howres of duff repleat : P S eae 4 two-fold rage, with {h f duff rep Senfic& Agyptus, Memphifque, & Nilus atrocem Seorcht eb gypty Me emplas, Nilus felt, amar’d ; ‘Fempeftarem illam Campane é littore. miffam. T he woful tenspeft in © ampania rasd. Nec caruiffe ferunt, Afiam, Syriamque tremenda Not Afia, Syria, nor the towers that fland .. _ Pete, nec excantes Neptuni¢ AuCtibus ares, i) Ln Nepisnes farges, Cyprus, Crete, (Foves land) papaunaue eee aes nleias pees els HA “p . : _.~. , Per pontum {parfas ; nec dotam Palladis urbem 2 ‘Mh Tbe f cattered Cyel. ads, nor the Muf es fe ar Tantus inexhauttis erupit faucibus ardor, » § Hi 7 > > im Ee Manerva's town, that vaft pl ague Scap 4.5. uch heat » Ac vapor 3 Oromedon vomeret cum feryidus iram Such vapors break forth from full jaws sthen fhown Terrigene horribilis Vefuvina mole lepultus, When E arth-born, horrible Otmedon Hier, Borgius, ” Het, vonsits tre beneath Vel(uvinum’s throne. : SS Dix atirms ina manner as much. But Bodiz, the cenfurer of ail Hiftorians, doth de- rideit. Notwithitanding Ca/fiodoras writes as great matters of 9 later conflagration, whereupon Theodoricus (firlt King of the Goths in /taly) did remit his tribute to the dainnified Campanians, Marcellinus writes, that the afhés thereof, tranfported in the Air,ob{cured all Europe: and that the ConStastinopolitans being wonderfully affrighted therewith, (infomuch as the Emperour Leo forfook the City) in memorial of the fame did yearly celebrate the 12 of Novemb, It alfo burnt in the 16 year of Conftan~ tine the fourth, and at fuch time as Be/lifarins-took Naples,and groaned,but ejected no cinders : and again when the Saracens invaded Africa. Platina writes that it Hamed in the year 685 prognofticating the death of Besediét the fecond, with enfuing :Slaugh~ ters, Rapines, and deaths of Princes. During the Papacy of two other Benedidts, the eighth and the ninth, it is faid to have done the like. The latter, the laft; which was in the year 1024, yet often fince it hath been wondérfully feared, And although it hath made fundry dreadful devattations, yet the fruitful afhes-thrown abont doth feem to repair the fore-going loffes, with a quick and marvellous fertility. At the foot of the hill there are divers vents, out of which exceeding cold winds do con-' tinually iflue, fuch as by ventidudts from the vaft caves above Padua, they let into aheir rooms at their pleafure, to qualifie the heat of the Summer. Spartacus the Fen- cer, and Ring-leader of the fugitive bond-{laves, no,lefle.a terror unto Rome then. Hanzbal, did make this mountain the feat of his War. Where belieged by Clodinsy, ) he 204. Vefuvium. Paufrlype. L1B, 4. he by a ftrange flratagem, with bonds made of Vines, defeended into the bot-om of the hollow hill, Cbeinglong before it firft begun to flame) and finding out a private paflage, iffued fuddenly upon the un-fufpecting Kowsans; {eized on their Tents, and . puriuing his vitory, ovet-ran all Campania. | Awhile after we went'to fee the antiquities of Putao/e, with the places adjoyn- ~ * A The Giet of Panfilype; I. ‘The new Mountain. &. The dead Sea, i B Virgils fepulchre. : K The lake of Lucrixe. S Fhe Theatre, CG The Lake of Agnano; E Port Fulius. T Vatias Villa, D The Court of Vulcan, M The Lake Averaus. V The Lake of Acheyufia. E The Amphitheatre. N The baths of Tyitale. X Arco felices ‘ FB The Pere of Parzite, O Ruines of Diana's Temple. ¥ Licola, : G Cicere’s Academy, P A Caftle bailt by Charles the fifth. Z Mergellino, ‘ H Monit Gaxrus. Q. Mercato di Sabato, ing; where the wonderful fecrets of Nature are epitomized, and Art had congefted together her incredible performances: whofe ruines do yet affirm that prodigality and luxury are nonew crimes, and that we do but re-doe old vices. Hard without the City the way iscrofled with Paa/ilype: the name doth fignifie a releafer from cares; for that che Wine (wherewith all this mountain is richly furnifhed) is an ap- er remedy for thefe confuming infirmities. Hear Horace, in the petfon of Tex- cer exiled : ; “a—-O fortes pejoraque pafit <) Stout mates that oft. with me have born a fhare Mecum fepe viri, nunc vino pellite curas ¢ In har{ber haps, with wine now drown your care ras ingens intrabimus zequor. ae 3 Gnas ee ota: Lt. OF mn To morrow will we to vaft Seas repair, and again, Siccis omnia ham dura Deus propoluir, neque All things are difficult tothe dry: nor can ‘Mord aces aliter diffugiune follicitudines. Care otherwife be chas’t from penfive man. Quis a SPT som: aut PAUPCHIEM CREPE? Teh. wwine-whet, of wars toils, or want complains ? For which caufe Bacchus was called Liber. -But what need we, in this drinking age, that exhortation of Sezeca. which is, fometimes to divide an hair with the drun- kard, by the example of Solon and Archefilans : aid that the mind is now and then a little to be cherifhed, and fet free from an over-fad fobiiety ? And for that caufe was wine given. 3 ‘ : : (nay LTB. 4. .— Paufilype 205 6 Minelab, she gods for ever bleft, : _ O Menelae dii vinum fecere beati,. Adal wine t’expell grief from she prcuiled breff. bit Se animi pellat’mortalibus acres. Oni. , But (quoth he) rarely to be ufed liberally ; felt thereby an evil habit be attained. This mountain doth ftretch from North-eaft to South-welt,4i form of a proftrated Pyramis; and although flat on the top, on each fide fteeply declining : South-eaftward bordering with the fea, and North-weltward with the Countrey. I will not. now fpeak of the de- licate wine which it yieldeth, neat and fragrant, of a more plealing guit, and far lefs heavy thanthofe of Yefeuum ; nor of thofe orchards both» great and many, reple- nifhed with all forts of almoft to be named fruit-trees, efpecially with oranges and. le- mons, which at once do delight three fenfes ; nor how grateful the foil is (though ftony:) to the Tiller. The Grot of Pauflype ( a work of wonder ) doth haften our de- {cription: which pafles under the mountain for the {pace of fix hundred paces (fome fay of a mile, ) affording a delightful paflage to fuch as pafs between Naples and Par- zole, of that part of Lraly ; receiving fo much light from the ends and ‘tunnel in tlie middle ( which letteth in the day from the high mountain ) as is fufficient for dire€tion. Thorowout hewn out of the living rock, paved under foot; and being fo broad that three carts with eafe may pafs each by other. On the left hand, and in the midft, there is a little Chappel, where a lamp doth continually burn before the adored image of our Lady, who is fad to fafeguard that place tf : m all out-rages ; which is the eafilier be- lieved, becaufe feldome any do there mifcarry. This vault, as the like is faid to be be- gun by the Cizzeriz, a people that inhabited hereabout in the time of the Trojan wars; though placed by Homer beyond the Seyhian Bofphorus-. where the air is thick and dark, deprived of the Sun (there taint'y thiging ) by the lofty bordering moutttains. Hereupon came the proverb of Ciaemerian darknels; where Ovrd placeth the palace of Somnus. : ts ACavethere is neer the Cimmerians, deep Eft prope Cimmerios longo {pelunca receffirs, Inhollow bili,the manfion of dull fleep ; ati As lapayt Motgy panera aa 4 Re ; uo Nunquam radiis-oriens mediulve cadenive Never by Phebus fecn's from earth a ni ght ae: Phoebus adire poteft ; nebule caligine miftz There of dine eloxds afcends, and doubtful light. sgt at dubizgue crepufcula lucis. H et. 1, x3. Thofe here were focalled, in that they dwelt in caves; living by theft, and not flirring abroad inthe daytime. They offered facrifice to the 1Zanes, before they begun to cut thefe derkfome habitations, and from their moft retired parts gave oracles ( or rather fold tiem’) to “ich asingquired.. The god of dreams.is therefore aptly feigned to refide amonz% thefe dreamers, who are faid to,have been.all put to the {word by a certain King tuat was deluded by their. prophecies. The Grectans that inhabited this Coun- trey after them converted.che Crmsmerian caves into ftoves, baths, paflages, and fuch ufes, anplified by the fucceeding Ronsans, who exceeded all. others in prodigious and expenfive performances. Some do attribute the cutting thorow of this paflage unto one Ba(fus, others (but falfly) to Lucullus, and others to Coccerus: but not that Coccerus that was ecacd-father unto Werva, Whereof, I know'not what Poet: | * & @. who durft with (eel che mountains womb invade? __ Vileera quis fero eft aufss pertumpete montis 2 s wus 1 inde? Zautibus in duris quis patefecit iter 2 hs hig Who thr ough the hw 44 rock a paff age Cocceium verum: eft faxum montemg; cavatte ‘ Coccerus, truth declares, perform'd t he faney - Vanaque jam ceffit fama, Luculle, tua. Lucullas now furrender thy ftoln fame, Others there are that report that /#rgi/ effedted it by art magick, ( and Vargils Grotit is called by many: ) but whoever heard that /srg+é was a Magician ? Seneca tormen- ted in this then horrid paflage, doth call it a long, dark dungeon :) and further faith, chat if ic had light, the fame would prove but unprofitable, by reafon of the raifed duft which thickned the air, and fell down again. And Petromus, that they ufed to pafs _thorow: it wich their bodies declining, Yet Strabo; that lived before either, hath writ- ten thatitreceived light from the top, and was of that height and largenefs, that two carts might pafs each by other. But the height, belike, was afterward choked with earth-quakes,: andthe paflage with rubbidge. And in procefs of time it affoorded no paflage; but enforced they were to clamber over the mountain; untill A lphonf{ws the firft did cleanfe, enlarge, and by cutting the jaws more high, did enlightenat- But Peter of Toledo, Viceroy of this Kingdom, beftowed thereon that perfection which nowt retaineth. T Before 206 Virgils Sepulchre. ae Before you enter this Grot, upon the right hand aloft in the upright rock, in a con- cave, there are certain {mall pillars, if I forget not, fultaining an Urn ; which was told me to be the Sepulchre of Virgil; but erroneoufly : For that ftandeth above, right over the entrance, in form of alicele Oratory, which the Ivie and Myrtle do clothe with their natural tapeftry ; and, which is to be wondred at, (if it grow, as they fay, of it felf) a Lawrel thrufteth out her branches at the top of the ruined Cupulo, co he- nour him dead that merited it living. In the midft of the monument. ftood the Urn that contained his afhes, f{upported by nine pillars,whereon was ingraven this Diftich ; “Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc Of fields, farms, fights I fuug: life Mantua gave, Seen by Peter of Stephano, (who was alive within thefe forty years ) as himfelf repor- teth. But one doth afhrm ( though contradicted by others ) that the Weapolitans did give that Urn to the A4axtvans, upon their importunate fuit. Others, that their Regue lar Priefts did convey itto their adjoyning Covent; and from thence to have been born away by the Cardinal of (Mantua, who dying in Genoa in his return there left it. But if either were true, no doubt but fome memorials would have remained of fo co- veted a pofleffion ; efpecially by the Aaxtuaus, who held themfelves fo honoured in his birth, that they ttamp’d their coin with his figure. But rather it fhould feem that through time and negligence thofe reliques are perifhed. Quod {ciffus rumulus, quod fracta fic wena; quid What though the Tomb be torn, th’ Urn broke ? the place inde ? eae The Poets name abundantly will grace. ) $si celebris locus nomine vatis eric. : , In antiq. monum, He was born at Axde,a little Hamlet by Maztia: he lived §2 years,and died at Bran= ‘dufium, the 22 of September, in the 100 Olympiad; having retired himfelf into. Ca- labria to perfeét his neads. He willed that his bones fhould be buried at Nuples, where he had long lived : ( which was performed by Auguffus and Maecenas, made his heirs by his|teftament ) even in thofe groves where he had compofed his Eclogs, and Georgicks. Purchafed they were after by Si/uus Italicus, who religioufly celebra= ted his birth-day, and frequented this monument with a great devotion, as it had been a Temple. Nor lefs was it adorned by Statsas Pompinins. & genitale fequutus Following the fertile fhore, where the fair ote ey ubi Aufonio fe

inform himfelf in the myfteries thereof, ventured fo far in, as to touch one of thof: far-off fhining drops, ‘arid fhewed it to his companions, who entred alfo, and ftayed therein about a minute. of an hour; fenfibly perceiving the heat to avife from their feet to their thighs, till they did fweat at the brows, withont the en. cammaging of their fenfes, who return’d,to. the wonderof the suide,that chonght they had preferved themfelves by enchantments. By this their experiment it appears that the air 1s molt deadly neer'to the pores. where it firit afcendeds efpecially to fuch crea- tures as hold their heads downward, exhaling at their noftrils the dry and’ exceffive hot vapours. Tiirult a torch neer the bottom, and it will forthwith go out; yer advanced higher, re-inflames, which approves the former aflertion. | From hence we pafled to the Court of Vulcans aloft, and neer to the ancient Pyre- olt, but diftant a mile and better from the new. Thefemountains were called Leucoce; Py 2 ° . 4 by the Greeks, in regard of their whitenefs. and Phlegrean fields, for that Hercules _ here overthrew the barbarous people , who were called Giants for their inhumanity | _ andinfolencies; affited with lightning from heaven : Fumat adhuc volvens vefana incendia tellus, Th’ Earth with imbowell’d flames, yet fuming glows + . e « 4 Be mn) t | ( a * J Er mifto ardenses lpeue ructat aquas bdeld Bitek eich fer'd fulpbur mixt, up throws : Portacel. where LIB. 4. The Court of Vulcan. 209 whereupon grew che fable of their warring with the gods, But hear we Petronus de- feribing it; rh : a Per or Ef locus excifo penitus demerfus hiatu Ap l wee deep f ale eens cliff ss arceaaptes Parthenopen er magnzeg; Dicarchidos arvas Dicarchea and Parthenspe, rep leat pe a, ee ! : ee Rabe ocyti perfufus aqua, nam fpiritus extra With black Cocytns waves : for winds Qui furit effulis funelto {pargitur aftu, To rujh forth there, a deadly heat conta, — Non hxc Autumno cellos vitem,aut alit herbas Th earth fraits ta Axtunn bears nots nor glad freld pea he a ‘non one pens cantu 5 ; ° , 7 Mollita difcordi ftrepitu virgulra loquuntur Once puts on green; : [peeping fares yield ernie: tert ‘auton oo, by 2 T hei i vernal f A pt tin lata cas’ ft wad Gaudens ferali circum=tumulata Gypreffo, Smsirch'd with black, Pumice,there rejoycese’re-grows $455 incee {edes Ditis pater extulit ora y with msour nfl ‘ ypref. s. Dis hrs head bere raifes 3 Buftorum flammis, & cana {parfa favilla, Covered with afhes, and with funeral blazes, Petr, Arbit. Satyris. A naked level it is, in form of an oval, twelve hundred forty and fix foot long, a thou- fand broad, and environed with high-cliff hills that fume on each fide, and have their fulphurous favour tranfported by the winds to places far diftant. You would think, and no doubt, think truly, that the hungry fire had made this. valley. with | continual feeding ; which breaks outin a number of places. And ftrange it. feemeth toa ftranger, that men dare walk up and down with fo great a fecurity ;-.che earth as hot as fufferable, being hollow underneath, where the fire dnd water make. a: hor- fible rumbling conjoyning toge.her , as if one were fuel to thé other ;, here and there bubling up, as if in a cauldron over a furnace ; and {prowting aloft into the air; at fuch time as the Sea is enraged with tempefts. In, fome place of the colour of wa- ter which is mingled with foot, in others as if with lime, according to the complezion of the feveral minerals. The flames do many times fhift places, abandoning the old, and making new eruptions (the mouths of the vents environed with yellow cinders) arifing with fo ftrong a vapour, that ftones thrown in are forthwith ejected. Yet for all thefe terrors; it is hourly trod upon both by men and horfes:. and. refor- ted unto by the difeafed, in May, June, and July, who receive the fume at their. mouths, ears, noftrils, and {ach other parts of their bodies as are ill affeGed ; which heateth, but-hurteth not; that béing only fovereign that evaporateth from. brimftones It mollifiech the finews, fharpneth the fight, aflwageth the pains of the head and f{tomack, makes the barren pregnant, cures violent fevers, itches, ulcers, @c.. From January to O&ober the husbandmen hereabgut do ftir cheir sleab at fuch : 13 time 210 Lhe Court of Vulcan. |e se time as much {moke doth arife, and that they know that it proceedech from fulphu. which doth add to the foil a marvellous fertility. From heuce they exaét yearly three thoufand pounds weight, whereof the Bifhop of Przole hath the tithe. Another kir of fulphur is gotten here, not taken from the fire, but fouad in the earth: of efpecis ufe for the dying of hair, and familiarly experimented by women. Whire fait, Armons ack ts here found alfo, which belongeth to the aforefaid Bifhop. At the foot of this fountain that regardech the Eaft, are minerals of Allom, and the beft of the world : whereof, one part was given to the Hofpitals-of St. Atatha, and the Annyaciation ; . and the other belonged to a private Lord. But lett the Papacy ‘fhould be thereby dam- nified, (for they make of Allom a principal. Revenue) the Pope, on pate of ‘his: heavy curfe, did prohibit the labourers. Afterward Piss the fourth bought our the: owner of the one half, for the yearly rene of twelve thoufand ducates; and Gregory the thirteenth, by the payment of five and twenty thoufand, extinguifhed that annuity «the Matters of the Hofpitals having in the mean time abjured their ‘intere(t in the others In the top of the mountain are certain little veins of a white matter like falt 3 Much ufed by skinners :: whereof a water is made, chat forthwith putteth out all charaéiers that are written in paper, The flower of brafs is here found every where, excellent and tranf- parent ; with white Nitre. This place is faid by the Roman Catholicks to be difquiered with devils ; and that the fire underneath is a part of Purgatory, where departed fouls have a temporal punifhment. The Friers that dwell hard by in the Monaitery of Sr. January report that they often do hear fearful fhrieks and groanings. They ‘tell alfo a lace ftory of a certain youth of Apulia, a ftudent in Naples ; who defperate in his for- tunes, advifed with the devil, and was perfwaded by him to make him a deed of gift of himfelf, and to write it with his own blond: with doing whereof he thould in {hort time recover his lofles. Believing the deluder, according to appointment he came un- to this place with that éxecrablé writing : when, affrighted with the multitudes of de- vils that appeared unto him, he fledto the aforefaid Monaftery, and acquainted the Prior with all that had hapned. He communicated it to the Bifhop (now or late living } who informed the Pope thereof; by whofe commarid he was catt into Prifon, and after condemned ta the gallieés. Poffible it is that this may betrue; but Damiauas the re- porter of that which followeth (though a Cardinal) might have had the whetftone, if he had not alledged his Author ; who telleth of a number of hideous birds which ac- cuftomed to arife from hence ona fudden in the.evening of the Sabbath: and to be feen untill the dawning of the day, {talking on the tops of the hills, ftretching out their wings, and pruning their feathers, never obferved to feed, nor to be taken by the art of the fowler ; when upon the croaking of the Raven that chac’d them they threw themfelves into thefe filthy waters: {aid to be damned fouls formented all the week long, and fuffered to refrefh themfelves on the Sabbath, im honour of our Savi-« ours refurreétion, This he reports from the mouth of the Arch-Bifhop “mbertus, But if this be hell, what a defperate end made that unhappy Germane, who not long fince flip’d into thefe furnaces >? or what had his poor horfe committed, that fell in with him ; that he fhould be damned, at leaft retained in Purgatory: The matter that doth non- rith thefe fubterranean fires, is Sulphur and Bitumen. But there it is fed by the later, where the flame doth mix with the water, which is not by water tobe extinguifhed ; ap- proved by the compofition of thofe sgnes admsirabiles. | | _. From hence defcending a little, we came to the ruines of 4 magnificent. Amphi- theatre, environing, in an oval, a court an hundred three-{core and twelve feet long, and four-{core and eight over : thrown down by an earth- quake not many ages fince - which here happen not féldom, by the violence of inflamed. and fupprefled vapours. Dedicated it was to V#/cazs:. and not without cafe, he feeming in thefe parts to have fuch a fovereignty. An Amphitheatre confifts of two joyned ‘Theatres, and is there- of focalled; containing no {tage, and confecrated commonly unto Adzars, in that {pe- étacles onely of blood and-death were there exhibited to the people, as {word-play- ‘ings, combatings with wilde beafts, compelling of the condemned to perfonate Tra. gedies, and aéts but feigned to perform in earneft. Sword-players (who were firft introduced by Fass Brutus, in the funeral of his Father) firft begun with ftaves, and then with fwords, to fhew their arts and courages. But in latter times they en- tred the lifts naked ; their skill in defence not fo much regarded or prayfed, as the undaunted giving or receiving of wounds ; and life un-fearfully parted with. The Wearyed or vanquifhed were fupplyed by others; andhe bare the palm away, ta whom none fucceeded. Whereot Martial, of Hermes : 7 : Hermes LT 8.54. Hermes terror of his owuy Erermes whom cL lins fears alone, Hermes whe Avolaus over-throws; | Hermes who conquers without blows, Hermes to whom {ucceedeth none. The Amphitheatre. On Hermes turba fui-tremorque ludi, Hermes quem timet AElius, fed unum, Hegmes cui cadit Avolaus fed uni, Hermes vincere, nec ferire do&tys : Hermes fuppofititius fibi ipfi, “Lis-Epig.25. When maimed, when old (fometimes for their valour) they were manumitted ; and then no more to expofe their perfons to fuch hazard. _Wero, that enemy of mankind, expofed four hundred Senators, and fix hundred Knights, in thofe difgraceful com- batings. And Domitrae, that other monfter, produced women to under-go the like in the night, TB unskilfil fex, not fit for broils, In bloody fights too nsan-like toils s ‘on, at T anatsy would have thought, Or Phafis, Amazons bad fought. And to combate with beafts ; whereof that grofs fatterer = °Tis not enough that Mars whom war delights, Draws wonnding feeel ; for Cafar Venus fights. The Lion flainin vaft Nemean vales, ( Alcides noble labour) Fanse retails, Peace gray Belief : fince Cafars great command, We fee this atted by a womans hand, Stat fexus rudis infciufque ferri3 Et pugnas capit improbus Viriles, Credas ad Tanaim;, ferumque Phafin, i Thermodontiacas calere turmas, rat. Sily.6,1,1. Belliger inviGtis quod Mars.ibi fevie in armic Non fatis eft Cxefar, fevir & ipfa Venus, Proftratum Nemees & vafta.in valle leonem, Nobile & Herculeum fama canebat Opus, Prifca fides taceat : nam poft tua munera, Czfar, Hic jam foeminea vidimus aGta manu, -Mart,Spe&t. Epig.6, Hiftories not onely affirm that the Emperonr Commodus did play the Gladiator, but his ftatue in this fafhion is yet ta be feen at Rome, inthe Palace of Fernefe, Thofe ae SSS a wi ator LE AA Ma that were condemned to fight with wild beafts were produced in the mornings: the horror whereof was fuch, that women were prohibited to behold them: where the killers inthe end were killed, ard no way left to avoid deftruétion. “A memorable accident is reported by Seneca, (at which himfelf was prefent) of a Lion that took. knowledge of one who had been in times paft his keeper; and not onely forbore him himfelf, but defended him fromthe fury of others. It thould feem to be that Bond- flave Androclus (for the tiaies do agree,) who is mentioned by Appian. Some for hire, . and 212 Lhe Ampbitheatre. Puteols. LIB. 4. and fome in bravery undertook to encounter with fuch beafts, who either perithed, or made way by viétory unto fafety. An hundred Liotis were often at once let forth into the court of the Amphitheatre; and often beafts were fet again{t beafts, a lefle favage fpeétacle. But O wicked delight of thefe barbarous Tyrants, worthy to fufter what they infliéted ! who caufed miferable wretches to make Hiftories of Fables, and put inact imaginary miferies. They being mott praifed of the dry-eyed beholders, that expofed themfelves unto death without terrour : either by taking it frém the wea- ponof another, or by falling on their own, asthe Fable required. Nor mattered it who had the part to furvive ; he being but referved for another dayes flaughter. And fometimes they erred in the Story, to make the Cataftrophe more horrid ; as in that of Orphens ; who although faid to have been cut in pieces by the Crcontan wives, was reprefented to be torn in pieces with a Bear, The matter thus defcribed by AZartral : Quidquid in Orphxo Rhodope fpettafle theatro What Rhodopein Orpheus vale did fee, Dicitur, exhibuit, Cafar, arena tibi. ; That, Cafar, the fad fand prefents to thee, Repferunt fcopuli, mirandaque filva cucurrit, Rocks crept, woo Sivas lathe de dosing June Quale fuiffe nemus creditur Hefperidum, os : Afluit immixtum pecudum genus omne ferarum 3 Such as in fair Hefpervan orchards grew : 1 {upra Vacem multa pependit avis. Beafts tame and [avage, in vafr deferts bred, Iple fed ingrato jacuir laceratus ab Urfo, Throng thither : birds hung orethe Poets head Bixc ramen ut res eft facta, ica fitta alia eft. But he by an ungrateful Bear lay flain, - cr aia Oa Yet this was done. the other they did fain. The floor of the Amphitheatre was covered with fand, to drink up the blood that was.fhedthereon. , AD -PRISTINAS SEDES REVOCARET, HORTOS, . PORTUS ET PONTES MARMOREO}, EX SPOLIIS QUA GARSA FILIUS, PARTA VICTORIA AFRICANA RE- PORTAVERAT, OTIO GENIOQUE DICAVIT: AC ANTIQUORUM RESTAURATO PURGATOQUE .DUCTU, AQUAS SITIENTIBUS CIVI- BUS SUA IMPENSA RESTITUIT.. AN. A PARTU VIRG. M.D. XL. | the Neapslirans following his example. So that now the Town is well ftored with buildings; feated for the molt part on a little promontory that ftretcheth into the bay. Inthe midft whereof isa fair Temple of marble,of Coriathian ftrugture ; having with-ftood che wafte of time, the fury of the foe, Cwhich tothis City hath been of- ten fatal) and injury of earth-quakes. The {tones are fo artificially laid, that you would think it confifted but of one. It was built by Lucius Calphurans, and dedicated to Auguffus, as appeareth by thefe extant characters : Le CALPHURNIUS. L. F, TEMPLUM AUGUSTO, CUM ORNAMENTIS, D. D. the name of the architeftor.adjoyned : Li A,OCGIEUS...Ls C, .POSTUM I. L. AUCTUS. ARCHITECTUS. Bat now re-dedicated to St. Precu/us.. The Giants bones here fhewn unto foreigners; muft not be unfpoken of 3 confirming what hath been formerly fpoken. Learn thon, whom Giants bones aftonifh, why Hue quicunque venis fupefattus ad offa Gigantum, They in Hetru{can foyl interred lie Difce cur Hetrufco fine tumulata folo. aad : . Tempore quo domitis jam Vitor agebat Lberis Then when Alcides did Iberians foil : : » ., Alcides, caprum longa per arva pecus , And brought from thence therr oxen, a brave {pails Colle Dicarchee clavaque arcuque Typhones Fie from Dicarchean bills, with cinb and bow, — Expulfic; & ceffatnoxia turba Deo, The wicked Typhons chast, Gods, and mans joe, yes petiit pars, & batt altera Thufcos : 5 0 Thu ea t Nter1et victtis de? utroque 1060. To Hydrantans part,t fcan fled the rest, Hinc bona Pofteritas immania corpora feryar, The conquered terrour was t# both fappreft. cGy mundo GMGclGit aten Their huge corps good Posterity kept heres Pomp. Letus, To wituefs tothe world that once {uch were, At the foot of the hill whereon the City is mounted, the ruined Peer doth prefent a . remarkable obje@; which extending towards the Weft made heretofore a {afe and excellent haven. Arched like a bridg, that the flowing in of the Sea might preferve the profundity thereof from being choked with rnbbidge and earth born down with the fall of Torrents. The work it wasof the Grecsans much affilted in the building by the admirable nature of the fand hereabout, by reafon of the ynder-burning fire, and perhaps partaking of the bitumenous matter; becoming as hard and durable as the folid Rock, when mixed with lime, and placed under the water. Dicharchean duff tran{ported, folid grows Dicarcheat tranflatus pulvis arene, Intratis folidacur aquis | durataque mafla In water plac’d : whofe hardned mals contains ei ienel we . Suftinet advectos peregrino in gurgite campos, Huge firuttares feated on the liquid plains, Sidon. pall As yet is here every where to be feen, by the huge foundations demolifhed above, and intire underneath; encouraging men thereby to build fo far into the Sea, as they anciently did round about this Bay. The Emperour Conffantine is faid to have tranf{- ported certain fhip-ladings of this fand unto Conftantineple, Thé body of ba mafle 214 Puteoli. Cicero’s Villa. LIB, 4. male confifteth of brick, but was covered. heretofore with marblé, which afforded ‘a delightful walk.on the'top. What fhould I fpeak of the Emperours that repaired it, (whofe names are yet retained in ftone} or of the arch erected thereon, , {ince.the whole is utterly defaced > Yet rather by ¢arth-quakes their tlie violence of the Sea ; whereof thirreen great piles now. onely remain, which, appear like fo many {ohare Towers inthe water ; the arches thrown down that conjoynedthem. To this €4h- gulajoyned his bridg (a prodigal, and notto be exemplified vanity) whiciritrerched over the Bay unto Bae, three miles anda half diftant §-fuftained: by “Ships. (drawn hither from all parts of his Empire) placedin two ranks, made flable with innumera- ble anchors, and crofled with’a broad high way of earth. ‘Which he did,’ as ic is faid, in imitation of Xerxes, who built the like ove the lefs broad “He//efponr 2 otliers fay, that it was toterrifie the Germans and. Britains, by the performance of fuch wonders: with whom he was to begin a'war. But indeed he was incited thereunto. to fulfil the prediction of Thrafyllus the ‘sreat Aftrologer’', ‘who told Tiberius , inquirins wo fhould be his {ucceflor, and defiring to confer the Empire upon bits own Nephew, thar Caligula was no more likely to'be Emperour,’ then to ride om horfe- back over the Bay of Bare, Upon this bridg. Caligula pafled to. and fro, for two dayes together;' ha- ‘ving before facrificed to Weptiine'and Envy.’ The firtt day gallantly mounted, wear- ing an oaken Garland upon his head, and a cloak of Gold’ ou his fhoulders + the next, in the habit of a Charioter, drawn by two Steeds of a famous.breed; carrying be- fore him Darizs, a noble youth, that was left'in hoftage by the Parthians, attended upon by the Praetorian fouldiers, arid followed by ‘his principal favourites and friends in waggons of the Brittifh fafhion. When calling many from the.fhore, he.caufed them all to be tumbled from the bridg for his cruel ‘paftime; and thofe to be beat off with ‘oars and flaves that endeavoured their own fafety: Such were the monftrous follies, and barbarous delights of this Monfter. Much more we might write of Purzole : but we purfue our firft intention, whichis onely to note what is principally note-wor- thy, We will therefore depart with this falutation: : : he Salve urbs delicia, quondam curifqiie levamen, Hail erfi delightful City . cares releafe, Grataque Romulidis poft fera bella quies. ~ “Lo Romans (fierce war paft) a port of peace Stant ubi nunc etiam mirabilis Amphitheatri Mo nbieh po Pee yay z Saxa, columna, arcus, diruta templa, viz, Sd Baie Cail head les now bar ih Impofite pelago moles teftantur honores : Wayes, are hes, colunanes, yer their ruines how, Er tua que fuerit gloria, quale decus. : Huge piles fixt in the toyling feas declare Fran. Vivius, Thy old renown, how glorious ounce; and fatr, _ Taking here a Felucco we rowed along the bottom of the Bay; firt pafling by Cicero's Villa, even at this ‘day fo called, where yer do remain the ruines of his Academy erected in imitation of that at Athens. (thepleafures whereof he commendeth jn his writings ; ) .which he adorned with a School, a Grove, an open’ Walk, a Gallery, and a Library. After his profcription and death, this Villa became the poffeffion of 4i- tifins Vetus a follower of Cafars: where Tyro, ‘Cicero's free-man, lived till he Was an hundred years old, and in three books compofed the life of his Patron. Now long after his death. divers Fountains of hot water {prung out of the earth, held fovereign for the eye-light ; celebrated by Tullius Laura, (fo called for his excellency in poelie) another of his free-men, inthis Epigram. | Quo ne Resgents viet Platine lingu, Of Roman [peech thou fam'd Reftover, where iva loco Melius lurgere Julia viret 2 Could thy oroves. bid ; Pie id to grow Atque Academiz celebratam nominé’Villam, Thevs HA g > 4s an iS is es here | Nunc repatat cultu fub meliore Vetus sig ed Netaaesada hid sist culeay ahs oft Hic etiam apparent Lymphzy non ante repettx, By Vetus now vepair'd with greater coft : Languida que infufo lumina rore levant5 ° Here alfo {prings, unfound before, arife : “ae og a fui eg henori Whofe dropt-in mater comforts feeble eyes oc cedit, hac fontes cum patefecit ope’: We miscdilieth he eb Ur quoniam torum legitur fine fine per orbem arvel though this place doth thus produce, For Tallies fake, Streanas of fach foverei gn ule s That being therow the whole world read, they might More waters yield te cure d ecaying fi ght. Sint plures oculis quae medeantur aqux. Flere the Emperour 4driaa was buried ; Astonins. ere&ting. a. Templein the place of his Sepulchre. The ruines do fhew that the buildings were ample: among#tt the reft, the foundation of that ( as fuppofed ) Academy is.yet to be feen, in form of LTS. 4 Mount Gaurus. Port Fulins. ate of a Cirque, three hundred and feventy foot long, and fo called. Now all is over. srown with briars ; and fheep and goats are paftured where the Mufes had once their habitation. It was feared clofe to the water ; infomuch as Cicero accuftomed to feed the fifhes out of his windows, and to take them for his pleafure with an angle. Bue -now the Sea hath forfaken it, forced by earth-quakes to retire, and content it {elf with more narrow bounders ; having in times patt poflefled the prefent poffeffions of the Dakes of Toledo, whereof a part imterpofeth it and the Villa. The fore-faid Fountains, called Cicero's baths, are to be feenin a Grot at the foot of a Rock, of a marvellous nature and virtue. For they ebbe and flow, according co. the quality of the Sea, filling with fuming waters the place of their receptacle. Which when over-{welling a pare thereof proceeds to the Sea, and another part retires to their * Fountains. They affwage the pains of the bowels, and aches of the body, but are ood’efpecially for the eyes; deciaring thereby thar they participate of Copperas. Welt of this ftands the eminent Gazrze ; a {tony and defolate mountain. In which there are divers obfcure caverns, choaked almoft with earth, where many have con-. fumed much fruitlefs induftry in the fearching for treafure. Hither come {uch from fundry parts as boat themfelves to be skilful in Magick; but have returned with no other profit, then to know the vanity of that knowledge. The common people, be- witched with the like perfwafions, do digg and delve with un-defatigablé toile + and oft do meet, initead of hoped for gold, with the rewaid of their avarice, buried in mines, or drowned by {prings, or ftenched with vapours ; fo they praétife the like al- fo about Forum Vsicam. Here they dream of certain Rings of Gold, thining tichly with Carbuncies, aid they have been feen, but are guarded by fpirits and goblins. Many are animated by the ftory of Co/lenucius, who writes, that Robert Norman did dig up much treafure here-about, by the Jabour of the captivated Saracens. But, which is more to be laught at, the feeming wife,’ religious, and learned, do travel in that quett. Proceeding, we rowed over the yet remaining foundations ef ample buildings; a part of them the ruines of Port Falins : Or name the Port, the bars to Lucrine fet An memotem "portus, Lucrinoque addita claufteas And eo feauthat with loud tamales fret : : Tala ec toa a — rei ‘ C * 9 ! ula qua ponte onge Onat UNA FELULO, Where Fulian wave, refound their forc’t recefts Tyrchenulque feeds immintione aOue Ayers And Tyrrhene flonds into Avernus prefs : Sy SIN built by Falzs Cefar (and therefore fo named) at the Senates appointment ; For that thofe who hired the fifhing of that Lake adjoyning, were damnified much by the violent breaking inof theSe.., whereof a part he excluded by thefe crooked moles, and left 2 narrow {pace for the Sthes toenter. Thus Seresras; But Suetonius doth give the honour chereof to Auguffx: ; effected by the labour of twenty. thoufand manu- mitted fervants ; who gave it thatname, of the name of the family whereof he was defcended by the mother. Flere landed we: And here once was the famous Lake of Lucrinus ; feparated then from the Sea by a bank of .eight furlongs long, and fo broad as afforded con-— venient way fora chariot. Thelabour, as fuppofed, of Hercules. Herculean way commesds, in farges rear'dy Medioque in gurgite ponti ee When Amphitrides drove th’ Iberian herd, Herculeum commendat iter, qua difpulic equos Amphitryoniades armenti victor Iberi, And thronging feas repul ff. Sil. Ieal. x2. But when fo broken down, as hardly affording a paflage, it was repaired by 4grippa, So Strabo xeporteth, but makes no mention of the afore-faid Port Fulins. He teils bow Lucrine was Cocytns nam’: Aft hic Lucrino manfife vocabule quondani Cocyti eee ~ ; Idem, Luerinus it feems to have been called of the gain that was made by the fithes therein taken. Butthe Oyiters hereof had the principal reputation ; whereof AZartial, Old wench, then fwans more {meet to me by far, Puella fenior, dulcior mihi cygnis; iM hen Phatentine Galefas 1 ri 4 Agna Galefi mollior Phalentini fe bine? 7) e : a he Concha Lucrini delicatior ftagni, More delicate then Lucrine Oyfters are. 1. 5. Ep 38 Perhaps elt 216 S The Lake Lucrinus. ee LIB. fee : hs esentie bi | MEN SINE ES Sete Perhaps he therefore giveth to the Lake the name ot Laicivious : Dum.nos blanda tenent lafcivi figna Luctini, We haunt lafcrvious Lucrines pleafant Lake, hed Ex qua pumiccis fontibus ancra calent. “And caves, which heat from Pumice fountans take: Le Bplg- 37a epe 8 et ‘ ! if not for being frequented by women in their evening folaces.. But believe who... that will, the ftory of the Dolphin frequenting this Lake, reported by Pliny upon thé teftimoay.of ALecenas, Flavianus, and Flavius Alfia:, who-inferted it in their Chronicles; faid to have hapned not long before this time, inthe reign of Auguflas, This Dolphin, they fay, was enamoured’on.a;boy, a poor, mans fon of Bata, who went to {chool daily, to Putco. Heabout noon accuftomed to repair unto the was ter-(ide, and to call upon the Dolphin by thesname of Simo, and ‘feeding him with ’ bread, fo allured him unto him, thatin a fhort time he.could no fooner call Simo, but . the Dolphin would. approach, and offer his back to be afcended, :clapping clofe: his * -fharp back-finnes, aud fo conveyed him,to /ateolr, and back again.. Appian doth: witnefs as much : and Selizus, that it became-fo ordinary.a {pectacle, that no. body admiredit. Butit was more ttranges the boy being dead;.and the Dolphin keeping his accuftomed haunts, andftill miffing of him; pined away with forrow, and was founa dead onthe fhores: whom they: Jad | in his Sepulchre. Paufanias doth report him felt to have béen.ah eyé-witnefsalmoft. of the like.) ‘And Plizy {peaks of another about - Hippo, when Flavianes was Pro-conful of Africa, that would play with fuch as bathed... in the Sea, fuffering himfelf to behandled, -andgotup upon, Buctthe hard meafure that the Town{-men réceived from thofe thatcame to behold that fpeétacle cauled: chem tokilfhim. Feffes, one City, doth afford two examples of their love unto boys. The one cafting himfelf on,fhore after him whom heloved, and fo died, (Alexander the Great making the Boy Prielt, unto, Neptune, fuppofing him to be aftected of the ‘Sea-sod.) The other having often carried a Boy called Hermuas, and on a time,oyer-, taken with a tempeft, infomuch as the Boy -perifhed; the Dolphin brought the, dead body to land ; and would never again retire to Sea;\ but thrufting afhore there died. for company. If thefebetrue, why may wenotcredit the {tory of Arion the Mufi-" ..qeian (for Dolphins are {aid to be fingularly delighted with Mufick) related, by FH eyo- ~ dovus.and others 2: But'becaufe I think ita fable, I will rather choofe the report of 3 ‘Poet,’ who when environed with:fwords by the treacherous Mariners: av ra) ‘s-—Mortem nén deprecsr, ingtity’ °° « Fx = Mor life (quathbe) crave I: Sed Ticeat tumpta pauca referee lyra. |. =", But leave to. touch my Harp before I dies Dene veniam ridentque moram. capi ille coronani,- s f° 4! . é - ° es ete . he ls Aes 3 Quz poftec erines,, Phoebe, decere tuos. The Sve caufent, and. laugh at bis delay, | Undyir & Tyrio diftin&tam murice pailams §...)* A crowy that might become the King of Day Reddidic ita fuos pollice chorda fonos,,. . -. . He putson, and a fair robe rarely wrought Flebilibus numeris veluri canentiaduray With Tyriais purple. The firings {peak bis thonght 3... Trajectis pena rempora cantat olor.” ». de (likea dyin. {wan {hot thorow by f o -Protinus in médids ornatus diflalic undas, H, d h if SFE: hi ¢ 4 hii 14 ‘Spargitur impulfa cxrula puppisequa, ard-heart } _fings is oon EPhe sib sd Gade (Bde majus) tcrgo delphinarecutvo’. 1.1 2, And then, cloth’d ashe was, he leaps into Sz memorant oneri fuppoluifle novo, ‘ The more fafe fea; whofe blew brine upward flow, lle fedet Cicharamque tenet, pretiumque vehendi When (past belief) a Dolphin fets hins on Gantat, & aequoteas: carming mulcet aquas. Oe hoked bark « a Daven ort On Raney Ovid: Fat, 1.2. rs ; Th 5 Uh : | se i There fetheharps and fings ; with chat price. pays: "Bor portageis:and:rudefeas calms with bis layess’ Theophrastus alfo doth mention their loves unto men; and that they abhor not out company, experience doth teach uss; who'feem as it were to attend on fhips,. and con- verfe with the faitérs,: This famous:Lake: extended: formérly to Aversus, and fo unto the afore-laid Gzarxs, butis now no other then a little fedgy plath, ch : cdurs by. the horrible, and aftonifhing, eruption of the new mountain.: whereon as oft as I think, Iam éalie to credit'whatfoever is wonderful, es . For who here knowes not, or who elfe-where.will believey that a mountain, - fhould arife (partly-out of the Lake, and’ partly out of the Sea)“in one day and a- night, unto fuch an height,: as to contend in’ altitude with the high mountains ad- , joyning; in the: year of our Lord 1538 and onthe nine. and twentieth of Septensbée : when for certain dayes fore-going the Countrey, hereabout was fo vexed: with pére - petual earth-quakes, as no one houfe was left, fo intire, ag not t expedt ait if mme- diate LPB 4. : The New Mountain. ~— 217 ‘diate ruine , after that the Sea had retired two hundred paces from the fhore (leaving abnadance of fith, and fprings of frefh water rifing in the bottom ) this Mountain vi- fibly afcended about the fecond hour of the night, with an hideous roaring, horribly yomicing (tones,and fuch ftore of cinders as over-whelmed all the buildings hereabour, © and che falubrious baths of Tripergula for fo many ages celebrated ;. confumed the Hines to athes, killing birds and beatts ; the fearful inhabitants of Patxele flying throagh the dark with their wives and children; naked, defiled, crying out, and de- tefting their calamities, Manifold mifchiefs have they fuftered by the barbarous ; yet - none like this which Nature inflicted. But hear we it defcribed by Borgizs. What gloomy fumes daies glorious eye obfcure! Quis fumtus turpat niger ora nicentia Solis ! The pirchy lake effusd rhrosgh fulpbury cavesy Sulphureis tenebrola palus cHufa cavernis. : f res Pes 4 Flu@uat Aitnzis erudtans altiu’s ignes, - Higher t han e/Etna s fire throws flaming WAVES? — Nunguid Avernales Phlegeton prorupit in'undas, Hath Phlegeton broke tuto Averne ; with grones Terribiles Auétus, & faxa fonantia torquens ? ; Whirling the horrid floods, and rumbling -frones 2? Baianw reboant unde, fimul agmen aquarum The Baian waves re(ound: ‘fre[p fircams afcend, Dulce Aluit celeri fugiens contraria'carfu. Peete tes Excidit € tremula Mifeni buccina dextra, Rauca fonant, metuit rurlis Prochyea egra ruinam, And feveral waies their {peedy currents bend, Mifenus lets bis trumpet fi all, {c ae beard, gata vilceribus fumantis murmura terre Sick,Prochyta a fecond rune fear'd. Terrificis complent piceas mugitibus quras, Loud roarings from earths [soaking womb arife, Triftis aboccafu facies, & torya minatur :. ‘And fill with fearful grones the darkned skies, Unde ye nar an ct oe eb alam A fad four face doth menace from the Weft ; srr one alts, cor een ae : OS s ne $ elt 5 9 Wheute harper plagues the Latran towns infect, Amphitheatralem fluxere. ad:mulca repente Then f. Marios winds to skees huge ftones eject ‘ Millia faxofus revomente voragine fluGus, Which like acompafs tara d ‘about, erect | aaa ee Around Amphitheatre; Floods of stone | From belching gulf in millions feraight forth thrown. Norcatrwhatthey then fuffered be'ever forgotten, having fich a teftimony fill in view as is this trange Mountain; advancing his top. a mile above his bafis. The ftones hereof are fo-light and: pory, that they will not’ fink when'thrown into the water. ‘The caufeof this accident is afcribed unto the neighbourhood of the Sea,.and hollownefs of the foil; whereby ealily ingendred exhalations, being hurried about with a moft violent motion, do inflame that dry atid bitumenous matter ; ccafting: it upward, and making way fortheir fiery expirations. To thofe alfo is the retiring of the fea to be at- ~ geibutedswhich trusting to break forth,doth rarifie,and fo raife the earth, which there- by alfo a3 ttwere made thirfty f ucks.tcheawater thorow~ crannies itito: her “fporigy, and hot entrails : increafing the vapours, not decreafing the fire by reafon of the bitumen. Perhaps'Delos, and Rhodes ,unfeen in the firft ages,were made apparent by fuch means ; howfoever, divers of the slides were without peradventure ; ‘all of ‘them having 2 flamed, and being now more in number than obferved by ‘the Ancients. This new Mountain, when newly raifed, had a number of iffues, at fome of them {moaking, and fometimes flaming ; at other difgorging tivulets of hot waters, keeping. within a ter- - rible rumbling ; and many miferably perifhed that ventured to defcend-into the hollow- - nefs above. But that hollow on the top is at this-prefent an Orchard 5 and the “Moun- tain thorow-outis bereft ofthis terrors. | . ae Leaving this Mountain on the right hand, and turning about the brow of a hill that lay on the left; we came tothe Lake Avernus, ° wea Ore which no foul un- Strack with hafty death aa tes Quam fuper haud ulle poteranc impune Yo= “Cau firetch her firéngthle[s wings ;, [0 dire a breath ‘Tendere fel asail mtn Ee aa nt . she eeay » P Paved : s : 1 1 Slele Mautus atws as, 5 high heaven from blac Ry AWS, The Gre tks the fe AME Faucibus eflundens fupera ad convexa ferebaty Avernus call ; expreffe ed in the name. -. Unde locum Graii dixerunt nomine Avernum, ‘4 : : Virg. An. l, 6. - ‘circular in form, and environed with mountains, faye there where it feems to have joyned with the lake of Lacrinus 5 fhadowed heretofore with over-grown woods, a main occafion of thofe peftilent vapours. For they being cut down by dgrippa, the place became frequently inhabited on every fide ; and proved both healthful, and delightful. This was fuppofed the entrance into hell by ignorant Antiquity: where they offered infernal facrifice to aoa and the AZaves, here faid to give aniwers. : : For A. The Lake Avevnus, Quatuor hic primum nigrantes terga Juvencos Conftituit, frontique infiergit vina {acerdos, Ec fumma carpens media inter cornua fetasy Ignibus imponit facris libamina, prima Voce vocant Hecaten, coeloque Ereboque potentem. Supponunt alii cultros, repidumque cruorem Sufcipiune pateris : ipfe atri velleris agnam ZEneas matri Eumenidum magnaeque foreri Enfe ferit, fterilemque tibi Proferpina vaccam, Tum Stygio Regi noGturnas inchoat aras, Et folida imponit taurorum -vifcera flammis, Pingue fuperque oleum fundens ardentibus extis ¢ Ecce autem primi, fub lumina folis & ortus, Sub pedibus mugire folum, & juga coepta mover Sylvarum, vifseque canes ululare per umbram Adventante Dea An. 1, Ge B. The Cave, called wulgarly Sibyle. _ Prous wounds : C. The vuines of Apollo’s Temple, For which purpofe Homer brought hither his Ayes, and Virgil his eA: neas 2 Pour blackebackt fheers he ordains:on their curl'd skulls The Prieft fheds wine from turn d-up cups. then pulls Har from.berween their large horns, and the fame Gave (4 prime offering) te the facred flame ; Tavoking Hecate, great heaven and hell : Others warm freams receive in bowls that fell A black fleec’d lamb cE neas te The Furies wsother and her Sifters flew s A barren Cow, Proferpinayto thee ; To Stygian K ing mght-altars thes rears he « Whole fieers laid on, which hen gry fire devours : And fat oyle on the burning entrails pours, When lo, about the prime of day the ground Groan'd under foot ,hills quak'd with all trees crown'd ; And dogs howl in fad foades at the Approach Of the pale goddeffe And feigned they were to have defcended into hell at this place s for that here thofe caves were by which the infernal fpirits, by the power of magick evoked, were ima- gined to afcend. As the devil delu Chrift from hence made his triumphant Refurre&ion. of the baths of Tripergula: Eft locus Auftralis quo portam Chriftus Averni Fregit, & eduxit mortuos inde fuos, Hc domus eft triplex, hic jure Triperguia dita, And another , ded thofe times, fo do divers thefe, who affirm’ that Whereof Ex statins, {peaking Southward aplace there +s, where Chrift oar hend Broke ope 4 vernus gate, thence bronght his dead 3 Th" houfe triple-form’d, Tripergula well call’d, There bio. a. AUETHUS, . 31" 219 There Christ Averuus fad gates brokeintwo, ~ Ett locus effregic quo portas Chriftus Averni, And holy Fathers thence vitlerions drew : Ec oe a lucidus inde patyes. cadinus, leading them to the top of an high adjoyning mountain, which at this day beareth his name. A tale, as it fhould feem; not only credited by the vulgar. Here Hanzibal did alfo facrifice to the Infernals, as is recorded by Livy. Cicero avoucheth this out of an old Poet ; Hard by, Avernus lake, in fhades obfcure, Inde in vicina noftra Ayerni lacus, Where chofts areeus'd ach ever-open door Unde anime excitantur obfcura umbra, aperto oftio Alci Acherontis— _ OF Acheron profound Whereby it fhould feem, that Acherox alfo was the name of Averxus, becaufe Achern- fa; alake neet Cama, did flow hereiato thorow concealed paflages. Avernas was alfo once called Styx, according to Silas, He (hews Averans, now for pleafant fan'd, — Ile ofim populis dium Styga nomine verfo, The Stygian De ke hs former ages aed: Stagna inter celebrem nunc mitia monftrat Avernum. Tum trifte nemore, atque umbris nigrancibus horren3, : it . ; 7 : ; a: ‘ Then dreadfi l a od same ’ and c Ge ane Lfctre, Et formidatur yolucri, lethale yomebat Ayre tainting (bane to birds) with breath impure, — Suffufo virus ccelo, Stygiafque per urbes, And facred throaghout every Stygian town, Religione facer {avum retinebat honorem. In thei religion bare a dive renown. The obfcurity of the place perhaps did authorize that conjecture, that the Cimmerians here inhabited, of whom we have formerly fpoken. The water of the Lake looketh black; fo thought heretofore to have done, by reafon of the unmeafurable profundity: But later times have found out a bottom ; and that it exceedeth not two hundred fifty and three fathoms. No leaf, nor whatfoever falleth thereon, is forthwith after ever to be feen. The water is not to be drunk of, in regard of the ill {melling, and unwhol- fom minerals whereof it participates. Former ages did abftain from the ufe thereof, for that defiled with humane bloud, here wickedly fhed in their devillifh facrifices ; and that Sey was fuppofed to flow from thence. Fith it produceth, but thofe fmall and black ; not ferving for fuftenance, and therefore not fith’d for. In the daies of King Robert an incredible number lay dead on the fhore, ftinking in fuch fort as no ra- venous creature would tafte of them: proceeding, as was thought, by the veins of brimftone, that then violently burft thereinto, and infected the waters. The fea was’ acciftomed, when urged with ftorms, to flow in thorow the lake of Lucrinus, driving fithes in with it; but now not only that paflage, but a part of Averuus it {elf is choked by the New Mountain. When the woods about it were cut down by Agrippa, an image was found (fuppofed to be the image of Calip/is) that fweat as if endued with life, And no marvel though the devil were troubled with the diffolution of {uch impious caftoms. Though the name were fuited to thé nature, yet the Lake retdineth the one, having changéd the other 3 for fowl do now ordinarily frequent it. : Oa the North-welt {idé are the ruines of a goodly building. Some imagine it to have been the Temple of P/uto, others of Apol/o,but the more induftrious in Antiquities,that it was only a Bazaia; perhaps conjectured by the fountains of hot water adjoyning; called by the countrey people the bath of Scafabadeilo ; of fovereign virtue for fundry difeafes. Oathe other fide of the Lake opens astothe admired Grot, with a ruined Frontifpiece;, but affording'a large and high-rooft paflage into the mountain ; cut out of the firm rock, and now cleanfed of the rubbidge that peftered it, againft the late re- pair hither of the Vice-roy. We entred with torches : The far end doth fhew that there in times paft ic ended’not ; but, more than by conjecture, to have extended unto Bare, And divers fay, that it was here rammed up, for that many greedy people, in hope to find treafure, adventured too far iny and were fuffocated with vapours ; not noyfom thereunto when curioufly kept by the Romsanes. After we had gone an hundred and fifty yards forward, turning on the right hand we paft thorow a narrow entry which led into aroom about fourteen foot Ions, eight broad, and thirteen high; giving yet aflu- rance that it had beenrichly gilded, and adorned with Azure, and Mofaick work-— manfhip, Atche upper end there isa little bench cut out of the rock, in form - : if ae V2 7 ey ca 220 Licola. Cuina. Li Bi 4. bed; whereon our guide would needs make us believe that Sibyl lay, and from hence gave her Oracles ; of purpofe to fave alabour in conducting us to Cuma, Yer 3s this generally mif-called the Grot of Sidy!; for what habitation could a place fo dark and | fultry have afforded? Within this room alow fquare door gives paflage to-another, wherein there is water ; a witnefs that it was a bath, and mace for that purpofe ; con- firmed by another on the other fide, which for brevity I pafs over. ee Before we depart from Avernus, fit it is that we fpeak of the audacions projeé of Nero, who attempted to have made a navigable fofle between this and the OJ#sa, an hundred and threefcore miles long, and of that breadth that two great galleys might pafs by each other, along the craggy fhore, and thorow oppofite mountains (a tract | deftirute of waters, fave only in the marifhes of Pompina ) to fail by the Sea,and not in the Sea. A work of intolerable labour. But he that delired'to effect incredible things. commanded that no.malefa€tor fhould fuffer, but that all the prifoners throughout.the whole Empire fhould be conveyed hither, and imployed herein. Severs#s and Ce/eris were the over-feers of the work, and the contrivers, men of wit and impudency to atcemipt by Art what Nature had prohibited. They began to dig thorow the adjoyning mountains, which yet retain the impreffion. A lafting monument of over-weening hopes, and frantick prodigality ; the inhabitants at this day do call it Licola. But now we willlead you to the ruines of Cama, that was the moft ancient City of Italy, built by the Grecians of Chaleis, a City of Exbea ; who feeking an habitation planted themfelves in e naria, an Mand hard by, and after removed ro this place, being then un-inhabired. The Generals, Hpocles, Cumeus, and Adegajfhenes of Chal- cis, agreeing between themfelves, that the one fhould have it, and the other fhould name it. So the Chalcians built, and poflefs’d it; bur named it Cama, Others fay, that it was fo named of the waves of the Sea, or of repofe ( for the name doth fignifie the fame) then having ended their long navigations ; or rarher of a woman being great with child, whom they there found {leeping, which they took as a lucky fign of fuc- ceeding fecundity; approved by the feque!. For in procefs of time they fent forth: divers Colonies, the Ereétors and Lords of Psteoli, Paliepolis, and Naples; and were fovereigns of the adjoyning Campania, governing their flourifhing Common- with the wife and honelt Pyrbegorean difcipline. Hither Virgil bringeth his Er candem Euboicis Cumarum allabirur oris, Whe tonebt at length Exbean Caman fhore. Ne ln Go Which fhewed itto have beene’re the Wars of 7707, if his teltimony be of credits Before the Kings were expulfed Rome, it was governed by Tyrants, ( not fo called for their cruelty and oppreflion, as they are at this day, but tor their abfolute authority } of whom 4riffodemsus was not the leaft famous, and in the end the moft infamous; Af- terwards they were opprefled by the Campanians ; but the Romanes in the erid bottle fubjugated them, and their oppreffors. And as the reft of Curspania crew populouss and greatly affected through the Romsane luxury; fo Cuma decreafed both in people and repute ; becoming aplace of retirement for men of mean and obfcure condition. Whereof Favezal, upon the departure from Rome of his poor friend Hasbritinss Quamvis digteff veteris confyfiis amici 5 Griev'd at my friends remove, him yet L praifes Laude ramen vacuis quod fedem figere Cumis Deftiner,arque unum civem donare Sibylla ; Janua Baiarum eft, & gracum litcus ameeni Seceflus, That will in guiet Cuma end his daies, And give one Citizen to Sibyl more ; Of Baie *tis the gate, and grateful {hore Sat. 3. Of {weet retirement. Itfurveyeth the Tyrrbene Sea, being mounted upon a not eafily approached Promonto= s ry, whofe skirts are beaten with the unquiet furges; ftrongly walled in later times, and fortified with bulwarks, in fuch fort, as Toti/a, and T cla, two Kings of the Gerhés, did make it the receptacle of their treafure. But now left defolate; there is nothin to be feen but a confufion of ruines; pieces of walls, broken down Aquaduéts, deface ‘Temples, foundations of Theatres to be admired, Caves, &c. But hear we the Nespe- ditan Sanhazearits. : , ee Hire LIB. 4. —— Cumea. Sibylla Cumea. | age Here where the walls of famous Cuma bore Hic tibi Cumez fargebant inclyta fame Alofe , the chief pride of the Tyrrbene {hore, Meenia, Tyrrheni gloria, prima maris. i Freqnented. by the tawny traveller, Longinquis quo feepe hoffes properabar ab oris, Triveds, Deli : Vifurus Tripodas, Delie magne, tuas, To viemthy Tripods, De uses, from afar 5 | _ Et vagus antiquos intrabat navita portus, Whofe ports.the wondering failers did invite Querens Daedaliz confcia figna fuge. To feek the proofs of Dedalus his flight : Credere quis quondam potit dum fara manee ( Who would have thought rt then when fates did friend?-) bant ? eo sais ; Nunc filva agreftes occulit alta feras, Now high woods harbour to th’ wild beafts do lend. Acque ubi fatidice latuere arcana Sibyllx, That cave the fhepherds flock. doth night ly f ald, Nunc claudit faturas vefpere paftor oves, Which Stbyls my [feries contatn’d of old. Quaque prius fanGos cogebat Curia /patres, And birds and ferpents do inbabit where Serpentum fata eft, alituumque domus, The facred Fathers ears affembled were. alte os ao generofis atria ceris, h IL of noble: Imager Ipia tua tandem fubruta mole jacet. T he porches f atealie Saalatee Shed. er Calcanturque olim facris onerara Trophzis Oppreff ed with their own wel ght, proftrate lie. Limina, diftractos & tegit herba Decs, F anes, once with Trophies LV'd, are now laid low. . Tot decora, artificumque manus, tot nota fepul- And gra{s onthe distratted gods doth grow, ia chra, | ee eat So many adornments; rare works, fepulchres, OPARE. PlOS: CINE Wha mina: premics And pions urns, one rusne now inters. On the Eaft-fide of the winding hill a cave there is with a marble frontifpiece, (where- unto Nature had made an acceffe ) hewn out of the rock, extending under the ruined walls, and admirably {pacious. Here had that famous 5:4y/ her being, called C:mmeria, of a town hard by, where fhe was born, and Camea of this place where fhe prophelied : yetothers affirm that it was Eryrhrea, who removing hither was called Camea; and flourifhed both before, and after the Trojan wars ; with whom e£zeas confulted. The manner of her'prophefying thus Vsrgi/ defcribeth There fhall you fee the frantick:Prophetefsy ..«... Infanam yaem afpicies, que rupe fublima Sing deffinies worbin acaves receffey . . Fara canit, foliifquenotas & nomina mandat. ae ea) ‘ ig ; . Quecunque in foliis defcripfit carmina Virgo, And words commit toleavess, What verfe foe're Digerit in numerum, atque antro feclufa relinqui So writ, {he fets.sn order, and leaves ther ee Illa manent immota locis, neque ab ordine cedunt, They firmly keep the place to.each affign'd. . Wertim eadem, verfo tenttis cum cardine yentus But (he; when the dores open; and.rude wind Impulit, r teneras turbavit Janua frondes, Inrulhing whisks the ts ght leavesto.and.fro, Nunquam deinde cayo voiitantia prendere {axo, Nec revocare fitus, aut jungere carmina curat ; Nor cares to catch, nor them to re- bestow Incon{ulti. abeunt, fedemque odére Sibylle, In their Grft forms To [eek unfought-for Fare Cue: They holed depart; and Stbyls neanfion bate. An. 1. 3. times by {peeches ; as appears by what followeth. The Prophete/s tatreat that willingly Neither did fhe oily sive anfwersinthat order, but fometimes by: figns, and fomie- | Quin adeas yatem, precibufque Oracula pofcas : Ipfa canat,vocemaue volens, atque ora refolvat. She fing, and her Oracwlous tongue sntie. P 2 aa | » atq And again 5 awctg ry bs ie, ee en Amb ‘guorly the fings, the cave vefounds, ne canit amnbaaes antroque remugic, + Ke Obfcuris vera involyens—______ Truth folding in dark phrafe curi - - is reported of thefe Siby/s, (for many of them there were, and that was a general be Se them all ) that he int not themfelves what they had faid, nor re- membred it, delivering their Oracles in rnde and unpolifhed verfe, obfcurely, and erplexedly ; being uttered out of a phrantick fury when poflefled by the {pirit. Which when Virgils Sibyl perceived to come upon her , Time ferves, faid [be, now ask, and know thy Fates : ——Pofcere fara. * Tempits, ait: Deus, ecce Deus ! levi tralia fanti The God, behold the God! Before the gates; _ Ante fores, fubitd non, vultus, non color unus, This faying, her looks change, the white difplants —- Noon comptse manfere comz ; fed pettus anhelum The red, red white ; hair stands on end, breff pants, Br rabie fera corda tument, majorque videtur ; Her heart with fury fwels , (he fhews more great: Nee mortale fonans, afHata eft numine quando Wor {peaks with humane vorce, now when repleat Jam propiore Dei, RS wil Idem. ane | With the in[piring power : ve | | And ' ‘922 Sibylla Cumea. LIB. 4, And when eineas had endéd his Orifons, . At Pheebi nondum patiens immanis in antro eet brooking Phebus ill, about flings fhe, Bacchatur vates, magnum fi peCtore poflit Diftranght, ber breft ftrives from bis power to free, Excuflifle Deum 5 tanto magis ille fatigat The more her forward tongue he forces . tames Beas Re nee ee Ber fturdy heart ; and both to his will frames, Such turbulent extafies proceeded, without queftion, from a diabolical poffeffion, But furely a peaceable and better fpirit did infpire them with thofe heavenly divinations of our Saviour : of whom, if we will give credit unto thofe eight books now extant under their names, they fpeak more, fully and perfpicuonfly than many of the facred Pro- phets. For whereas Ejay faith ; Behold, a Virgin fhall conceive, and bear a Son; one _of them is made to fay , PERE 7 de a alyo ——_———From Marves virgins womb xorta eit nova jux Co - a Sibyl. Orat. 1. 8. PIMA eo anedllie: both naming him, and the place of his birth, with an hiftory as it were of his life, his death, and refurreétion. Whereby it doth give caufe of ftrong conjecture,. that thefe books have had much inferted into them after the event, (whereof fome of the Fathers are fufpedied ) the hiftory befides being orderly related, though written by divers, and in divers ages. So that the whole being to be mifdoubted, in that falfified in part, or the true from the untrue not diftinguifhable, we are rather to believe thofe that have the teftimony of time for their approbation. As that prophecie of our Saviour by this of Camea ; borrowed from her by Vsrgil (as he confefleth ) though perhaps not applyed by him where it was meant; but left at random to be conftrued: by event, and mix’d with his fictions. . ca ee es Jam nova progenies € elo dimittitur alto : Now anew progeny from heaven to earth i Dee at ferrea ae Defceuds ; Lucina favour this childs birth, is 5) U gens aurea mundo _ % ee Cafta fave Lucina’; tuu's jam regnat Apollo, &e. ° whom the Lron-age s mds § Hh ‘ thwith fall follow: ‘ Te duce fi qua manent {celeris veftigia noftri, Selden race, now resgneth thy A ollo, &ce Irrita perpetua folvent formidine tertas. Now fhall our crimes, whofe fteps do fill appear, Ile Detim ages accipiet, Divifque videbit Be razed 5 and th’earth deliver'd from long fear. : Seer eroas, & ipfe videbitur illis.. Fe life of gods fhall lead; (ball Heroes fee acatumque reget patriis virtutibus orbem. am! With eed sen Se and * if th Tt ba Ac cibi prima puer nullo munufcula culeu, oe &° h ; es bt sand {oer hy Kg fh span ta? Errantes hecerds paffim cum baccare tellus, nd with bis Fathers power'th'appeas’d world guide. Miftaque ridenti colocafia funder Acantho. Free carth-ber native prefents {hall provide ‘Ipfe late domum referent diftenta capella For thee, [weet Boy = wild Ivy, Bascaris, Ubera ; nec magnos metuent armenta Leones; Swsily Ipfa tibi blandos fundent cunabula flores. colar Htoannbns, erved Coltcaps ; Occidet 8 ferpens & fallax herba veneni, 8c. Coats to their homes fp all their fu d udders bear 3 Ageredere 0 magnos, aderit jam tempus honores, Nor fhall. our herds the raging Lions fear, Chara Detim foboles, magnum Jovis incremen- Thy cradle (hall {prout flowers ; the ferpents feed tun, Shall be detroy’d, and the falfe poyfouous weed, & Afpice convexo nutantem pondere mundum t - py. : CBs GO Ceo Terrarque tractufque maris , coelumque -profun- tie iffue of the gods, great Foves increafe, ; waa! roauce thefe times of wonder, worth, and peace. Afpice venturo lattenturut omnia feclo, &c. Lo how the world, {urcharg’d with weight doth reel \ Which fea and land, and profound heaven do feel! Lo how all joy inthis wif d time approach | &e. In the midit of this roomy. Grot there are three Cifterns hewn out of the floor, wherein it is faid that fhe wafhed her felf, and after covered with a ftole retired into the innermoft part of che Cave ; where feated aloft on a Temple, fhe divulged her Oracles. This is fhe that fore-told of the deftruétion of Troy, and withal of the in- vention of Homer : who hath inferted fundry of her verfes into his Poems: and {aid to be the that fung the Romane deftinies. But I cannot believe that this was that Si- éylla, (although fhe be called long-lived’) that brought thofe three books to {ell unto Targrinius Saperbus: yer of Cuma fhe was, for divers Sibyls there were of this place,all Pr eits to 4 pollo (who here was ferved only by Virgins) in his not far diftant Temple: but rather fhe whom they called Amalthea, although it be to be imagined that her book» coutained alfo the prophecies of the former,by many of the felf-fame verfes found at Erybraa.An old unknown woman demanded for thofe books the value of 3co Angels The King thinking that the doted, both denied to give her that price, and derided her- when forthwith fhe burnt 3 ; and returning, ask’d as much for the other 6. But Tar- quinsas {coft at her much more than before ; whereupon fhe burnt other 3, and yet required thefame fum for the remainder. Infomuch as the King being moved with her conitancy (and advifed thereunto by the Augures ) gave her the price of the nine for the Ecl. 4. A, Reines of Came. Be Arte Felice. €é. The Tyrbene Sea, the three ;-fhe admonifhing him that he fhould keep them carefully ; and fo departing was never feén after. Orhers fay, that thefe books were brought to Targainins Prifcns, and that he lived in the fiftieth Olympiad. : Thefe were kept in Japers Temple ad- joyning to the Capitol, inacheftof ftone ; whereof firft 2, then 10, and laftly, t5 Priefts, (their interpreters) had the keeping 3 anda crime unpardonable it was for o- thers tolook onthem. Never. undertook they any great enterprize, nor greut cala- mity befel them which chey endeavoured to remove, but thofe 15 repaired to thele books of Siéyés,asto an Oracle; and prefent remedy for all cifafters, But thofe bought by Jarquixias were burnt with the Capitol, in the 173 Olympiad; C, Worbanns, and ~P. Scipio. then Confuls. When the Capitol being-reftored’by Sy//a the Di&tator, and Jx- piters Temple by Q.,Catulus,Embafladors were fent by the Senate to Erythrea, and to other Cities-of /taly, Greece, and Ayia, to take a collection of the verfes of the Siby/s, but efpecially of hers of Erythraa ; who returned with a 1c, but thofe lame and un- perfeét : which the 18 had in charge to reform and fupply, accotding to their wifdoms, And although they belonged unto divers Siby/s, yet they were called C#meas. Tiberis Cafar made afecond fearch through the world, and caufed them again to be refined, Thofe continued at Rome until the days of Honorius and Theedofius tle younger ; and then were burned by the Traitor Silico, Whereof Rutilins (landins Numantianus : Nor was't enough to rob with Getick, powers, Nec tantum Getic's graflatur proditor armiz, _ But fir 58 with fire he Sibyls fates devours. pee 3 Ante Sibylling fara aS th But Amanus Marcellinus reports that they were burat by Julian the Apoittata. 8 . Although C#2 be high mounted on a Rock, yet ftands ic but ‘low in regard of the more lofty hills, which on the North-(ide environ it with a wall; being onely fepa- rated by a little Valley. Thorow thefe Nature hath lefe a paflage conjoyned by Arr with a goodly arch, called Arco Felice by.the countrey people. Whereon ence ftood [2] that famous Temple of Apollo, remembred by Virgil): shan: eEncas to the towers refort 4 which high At pius Aneas arces quibus altus Apoile Apollo guards, and the vaft Cave bard by Prafider, hortendzeque procul fecrers Sibyllz, fntrum immane petit, &c, Of reverend Sibyl, Daedalus (fame fings ) From Minos wentring with anfpictous wing § -Preepetibus pennis auliss fe credere caelo Through wntrac'd ary ways totake bis flight , Anfuetum per iter gelidas enayit ad Aros, Towards the cald North,on Chalcian tower did bghe: Chalcidicaque levis tandem Super aftitic arce ; There burlds a Fane (now footing earth, and free) Redditus his primum terris, tibi (Phebe) facravig, LES d we pet By mote Remigium alarum, pofuitque immiania templas And, Phoebus, confecrates bis wings to thee. ge Tg Yet by fome faid to have flood below. The image of Apollo exeRed. in this Temple was Dedalus; uc fama eft, fugiens Mincia regna, adda 2240 Arco Felice. Archerufia, L LB, 4. was {aid to weep for forty dayes together, at {uch time as the Romanes made war a- gaintt the Achaans, affiting Ariffonicus, who had intruded into the pofleffion of 4¢.° talus, (bafefonunto his brother) who dying, gave his Kingdom unto the people of Rome: Whereat the Sooth-fayers amazed, held it fit to throw the ftatue into the Sea. But the Cameans perfwaded the contrary, alledging that it had done the like in their wars with Axstiochas, and after with Perfizs, both which fucceeded fortunately to Rome ; whereupon oblations and gifts were fent thither by the Senate. So the Sooth- fayers changed their opinions; and declaring that the weeping Of Apollo was aufpicie ous to the Kemanes, becaufe Cuma was a Greek Colony; and that thefe tears did pre- tend confufion co the people whom it favoured ; and within a while after, they heard news that Ariftoncus was taken. Not far off there isa large cave, called by the peo- ple fa Grotta di Piedro di Pace,which they fay led under ground from thence to Aver. wus. Areport, inmy opinion, of credit. For Strabo doth make mention of the fame, and that it was digged by Coccius; others fay, by the Cimeerians, through which this Siby/ pafled to Averuus to offer facrifice to the Infernals. Whereby that feeming contradiction may be reconciled; whichis, that they fhew the place of her habitati- on both at Averzus and Cuma. But this paflage is now ftopt up, for the felf-fame caufe that the other was, which leads from thence unto Baie, by us formerly menti- oned, The Plain that lies between thefe Hills and the City is repleate with ruines where are to be feen the foundations of Temples, Theatres, &c. Under which, no doubt but many admirable antiquities have their fepalture. Approved by that trial made by A/phonfus Fimentellus the Vice-roy, in the year 1606, who defirous to find out fome antick ftatues to fend into Spain; and hearing that the Husbandmen herea- bout turned up with their ploughs many fragments of armes and images, got leave of Oftavie Cardinal of Aguaviva, and Arch-bifhop of Naples (to whofe Church this foil doth belong) to make further fearch, When having removed but the upper earth, it was their chance tolight on an entire Temple, although crufhed together = the walls and pavement of polifhed marble, citcled with a great Corinthian wreath, with pillars; and-Epiftols of. like. workmanthip, together with.a number of defaced figures excellently. wrought :.the work as well ot the Greciansy as Latins: There they alfo found the ftatue of Neptune, ‘his beard of ‘a blew colour; of Saturn or Pri- apes (for he held in his hand the hafe of a fycle:; ). of ’effa, with the top of her hair wound round)in.a fillet : of naked Ca/fer, having.a hat on his head, his chin a little covered with doune ;.of Apollo, with.Jong difheveled, hair, at whofe feet ftood a Swan; of Hercules, with a club,. crowned.with a.wreath : of cL [culapins, or per- haps of Romulus; the Coloflus of Auguftus Cafar exquifitely formed ; of ¥exus naked; and furpafling beautiful ;- two images in Confular habits's Pallas, the work of an ad- mirable workman ; the arnted ftatue of an Emperor, witha Sphynx-ingraven on his bofom ; the image of a youth head-bound with a facred fillet, clothed only ina fhirt girctohim witha painted Zone: Other women there were in feminine habits, &&c. This fhould feem to have been built by Agrippa, anddedicated'to Axguftus, by thefe _ here found Characters : : LARES AUGUS. AGRIPP &, and POTESTATIS D. AGRIPPA. Some think it to have been a Palace; but whatfoever » it teftifieth an admirable building. _ Wide of Cunsa,and towards the Promontory of A4/enns,{tands the lake of C olnfius, ftored with filthy waters ; yet profitable for the preparing of line. Called heretofore The mind is tobe hardened, and removed far from the forcery of inticing pieafures. One winter onely here enfeebled Hannbal » and the delights of Camspama did what the fhow, andthe Alpes could uot do ; victorious in arms, yet by vices vargquifhed, — sc. Thinkeit thou that Cato would ever have dwelt at Mica, to have numbred the by- failing harlots, andto behold fo many divets fafhioned boats, be-painted with diver= fity of colours, the Lake ttrewed over with rofes ; andto have heard the nightenoifes of fingers? &c, .Whofoisaman had rather be wakened with trumpets than effe- Minaté harmony. But fons enough have we contended with Baie, though with vices we can néverfufticiently. Thushe. Wherefore no marvel though V-euss had here her Temple, when the people were fo devoted unto her, and the place it felf fuch an enemy to chattity : Lavina as chaft asth ancient Sabines were, Cafta, nee antiquis cedens Lavina Sabinis, (Thought then her Stock. bushand more fevere) Et quamvis tettico criftior ipfa viro ; Dum modo Lucrino, modo fe permitcic Averno, Whilft now Averne, now Lucrin: j £44 frequents, Et dum Baianis feepe foverur aquis ; Oft bathes in B aian baths 3 at lengch affents, Tucidir in fammas, juvenemque {ecuta reli@o To luft sher husband leaves,in frrange fires buras, Conjuge, Penelope venic, abit Helena, Penelope came, an Helena returns, Mart.l,Ep.63.. And Ovid : a Need [ name Bae hens d with fails? boat's rowing Quid referam Baias pratextaque Lirtora velis, Along the Lhore,and |prings from brimftone flowing? Es oe de re lulphure fumat bs : Fi ern aad WE ToH tewien fhewa, = ear rage ena kcinespetire dic Thefe waters care not as the rumour grows. ON pi ‘: And it fhould feem chat the bathesthere had that fame undefervedly: whereof Horace, Antonius Mufa [aith, that Baia be Nat for my health : yet take they offence at me; ———————nam mihi Baias Mafa fupervacuas Antonius, & tamen illis Me facir invifum gelida cum perluor unda. That i cold water bathe, the weather cold. Epift.r s.r. And though the Phyfitians hereabout of thistime, (but fuch onely as have not read Galens method, and kill men without punifhment) when they are ignorant in the difeafe, or to feekin the cure, fend their patients to thefe baths : yet never was it known that they profited any. They rather tending to pleafure and wantoning : whereof Poxtanus the Neapolitan: You wanton Bare foun, Marinus, And fountains too libidinous, What marvel? Luft deth A ge undo : OTomacel, doth wine fotoo>? = = Palernan liquor old age chears + And liberal draughts of Thyons tears § Salaces refupis Marine Baias, Et fontes nimium libidinofos, Quid mirum ? fenibus nocer libido, At nony O Tomiacelles vina profunt 2 Et prodeft fenibus liquor Falernus ; Er prolunt datices T byonianis Takes & 228 . Baia. L 1B. 04. Annon & fenibus Marine fomnus, ie Takes eafe in age, and fleeps content ? Et prodeft requie 5 foporque prodeft, T hen Baie what more fomnolent ? Batis fomniculofins quid ipfis? What crave the baths but folace, foxls uid Therma, nifi molle, lene, mite, ; 5 sg py F ae Cyathos merumque pofcunt 2 Difcharg d from cares, and flowing bomels 2. And it may be that orher Baths, and new-famed Fountains, are more efpecially fre- quented to cherifh the difeafes of the mind, thento cure thofe of the body. Should Py A tee o Wad we give them an un-deferved tide, or make them fay more then the truth, if we pro= : duced them thus fpeaking, as the afore-faid Author did the other > Noftrum fi ticulam puella nefcis ; Wench, daft thou not our title know | Hic eft: Pregravida recede alvo, *T 1s this : Come CHD yy from hence £9 Quz venis vacua: hoc habet tabella, &c. wut i: Selif abc coaiusonctable, Gres - The reft I {uppreffe, in that offenfively immodeft. ButI fhould dwell too long on this place, fhould I fpeak of the Ambubae, certain infamous women, fo called tor con- verfing about Base, incredibly impudenc, or other their particular luxuries, But be- hold an egregious example, that pronounceth the works of mens hands as frail as the work-men. Baie, not much ipferiour unto Rome in magnificency, equal in beauty, and fuperiour in health-ful fituacion, hath now fcarce one ftone left above another, demolifhed by war, and devoured by water. For it fhould feemthat the Lombards and Saracens in the deftru€tion hereof had not onely ahand; but that the extruded Sea hath again re-gained his ufurped limits: made apparent by the paved ftreets, and traces of foundations to be feen under water. The fhore is all over-grown with buthes and myrtles, the vaults and thrown-down walls inhabited by ferpents: and what is more, thé air heretofore fo falubrious, is now become infectious and unhealthful. A number of caves there are all along the bafes of the cliff; many of them were em- ployed for fifh-ponds, whereinto they let in, and excluded the Sea at their pleafure : - in which they greatly delighted , framed and maintained with exceffive expences. Bat efpecially they delighted in Lampreys, partly for their bellies, and partly for that they were ealily kept in their ftews, asnot fo tender, and longer liv’d than any other. For fome of: them have been known to have lived threefcore years, and fome upward. Belides, their familiarity with men was to be admired 5 having particular names, and coming to the hand, when fo calledupon, Whereof A4artial, {peaking of Domstzans fifh-pools which were here in Bare : ea: Pifcaror fuge, ne nocens recedas, Angler, preferve thy innocence, forbear ; Sacris pious ie Sage ay i For they are facred fifhes that [wim here = Tiegigua a ett nals cate eee Who know their Sovereign, and will lick bis hand, Quid, quod nomen habent ; & ad magiftri Then which what greater inthe worlds command 2 Voeem quifque fui venit citatus ? What, that they have names, aud when they called are, 1.4.Epig.3@ Uxto their masters feveral call repaire? For which they have been of divers incredibly affected : infomuch as Craffus bewail- ed the deathof one, no leffe then the lofle of a fon; and built a fepulchre for ic. Cains Hirtins who had a Manour-houfe alfo in Bare, was the firft that invented thefe ftews for Lampreys; whoreceived forthe houfes which were about this fith- pond two thoufand Seftertians; all which he fpent in food for his fifhes.. He it was that lent Cafar the Dictator, fix hundred Lampreys to furnith his feats in the time of his Tyi- umnphs, to be paid again in kind, innumber, and by weight : for he would neither fell them, nor exchange them for other commodities. The Tyrants of thofe times (not, as Augujius,tree from this favage paftime) took a delight to throw the condemned in- to thefe ponds, to be devoured by them: becaufe they would fee them torn in pieces inaninftant. The Oifters alfoof Baie were exceedingly commended: ~~ Oftrea hon, aan qua sa ie Oifters compar'd EBVO: of Bate, fed Dulcibus in ftagnis refuit maris eftus opimus. Ts ES Accipe dilecte Theon, memorabile munus, a eS i ge eres of : eh ne ase Aufon. 38. if Cali, ATHTE gift, ov COM take. Sergius Oratus was the firft that made pits for them about his houfe here; more for profit, then to indulge his gluttony. For by fuch devices he purchafed much. ri- ches. He alfo devifed the hanging Bannias,and pools to bathe in,on the tops of houfes. | . that bes EB. 4; Baia. Baulis - | 229 At the foot of the hill that windeth towards Tritu/e, flood the Palace of Pifo: where- unto Were frequented often, and cafting off {tate and attendance, accultomed to bathe and banquet. Here thofe of P:/o’s con{piracy would have executed their purpofe ; but he refufed to give his confent, that his table fhould be defiled with laughter, and the gods of hofpitality provoked. Of this nothing remaineth but certain caves and en- trances hewn out of the rock. More within the Bay,on the bending fhore, ftand the ruines of a goodly building, called at this day Traglium. It {eemeth to have been a Ban- nia, by the vents in the walls for the {moak to evaporate, and by the pipes which on either fide conveyed rain water into the ample lavers; and other proofs which thefe - reliques remonttrate. Yet fome will have it to have been the Fane of Ves, for fhe in Baahad her Temple. But whether fo or no, the walls of a magnificent Temple here yet look aloft, feated more high, and almoft againft the midft of the Bay; not only known to have been confecrated to mifplaced ‘Drana,by that teftimony of Propertins, Thee, Cynthia n the mid fe of Baia plac d, i Ecquid te mediis ceflantem Cynthia Baiis, Where wares along th’ Herculean {hore are trac’d: — Qua jacet Herculeis femita littoribus, but by the figures of Dogs, of Harts, and Barbels here ingraven, which were facred unto her. Now upon the high hill oppofing Trite/e, and confining the other end of the Bay, there is a ftrong Caftle, erected by Philip the fecond, to prote& the under-lying Sea, and places adjoyning, from the thefts and waftes of the Turkifi Rovers ; manned by threefcore fouldiers ; where the Mannor-houfe of Fulius Cefar (toad, as is to be col- lected out of Tacitus. — | Between this and Adsfenus lies Baul:, called firft Boasla,as much to fay, as an Ox- ftall ; of Gertons Oxen, which Hercules brought hither in triumph out of Spai#, where 3 he had a Templeconfecrated unto him. S Boalia this age A i Corrupta Boalia Baulos Corruptly Baul: calls Nuncupat hze ztas for the better founding of the word. Here Hortenfius the Orator had his Villa, ( the ruines whereof are now buried in earth,and covered with water)who greatly delighted in his fith-{tews, and was nick-named Tritow by Tully ; for the fifhes herein would come to his hand when fo called ; who wept for the death of a Lamprey:; and to a friend sged two Barbels of him, (called A4@#/i: in Latin) replyed, that he had rather sive him two Mules for his litter. This was afterward poffefled by Avrova the mother - of Drufus Nero, who hung a jewel inthe gills of a Lamprey which the loved. A place famous for the Tragedy of gripping, here feafted by her diffembling Son; and invited by him unto Bare, to celebrate the five daies continually feaftival of AZinerva; when by the way, (being by night to come; the better tocloak it) in a galley devifed by . Amecetus Captain of the Navy at AZifenus,by Art made loofe in che bottom, fhe fhould have been, as if accidentally, drowned. But fhe apt to diftruft, as inured to like practi= ces, or having had fome notice thereof given, caufed her felf to be carried in a chair unto Baie, where by Nero’s artificially paffionate entertainment, difcharged of her fears, fhe returned by galley (the fea calm, and the night ftarry, as detefting to cloak . fach a villany) with only two of her own retinue: Crepirims Gallus that ftood not far from the ftern, and 4ceronia her woman who lay at the feet. When with great joy re- lating the repentance of her fon, and her recovered favour, the watch-word was given, arid the heavy covering of the place falling down as was ordered, preft Gallus to death: but that over the women being ftronger than the reft, though fhrinking, faved them, the veffel thereby kept allo from parting afunder; fo that they were fain to fink the galley at the fide by little and little, Aceroxia crying, that fhe was the Prin- ces mother, was flain with poles and oars; coming to her end by the craft which fhe ufed for het fafety; 4grippiva with filence {wimming to the fhore, having only received one wound on the fhoulder, was fuccoured by {mall barks, and conveyed to her houfe which bordered on Lucrinus. When cafting in her mind the un-look'd for honour done her, fucceeding fuch bitternefs of hatred, the fabrick of the galley fo to diffolve, neither fhaken with ftorms, nor crufhed by rocks ; the death of dce- rona afluming her name, and laftly, the wound fhe had received; fhe held it the 3 xX e 230° Bauli. Mifenus. LLB, ia! ke no notice of the treachery ; feading 4gernizs to tell her fon of the fent tts a Captain of the navy, aud a Centurion of fea-fouldiers to difpatch her ; who breakiag into her houfe, and finding her abed, it ts faid that fhe prefented her rifiag ground, partly hewn into the rock,” and now having a dificult entry, The roof Commanders ; with fuch like antiquity. Atthe mouth hereof are yet to be feen cer- Ou the far fide of this, and ftretching further into the Sea, the mountain of A4;fenus “Poel, alal riieth alott , Mifenum Aoliden, quo non preftantior alter, eolian Mifen, others paffing far, Aire ciere vitos, Martemque accenderecantu, yyyrh brafs Shern fight to excite and kindle war. Virg. Ain. 1, 6. e/Eneas his Trumpeter, and drowned hard by, by the envy (as they fable) of Triton, At pins ineas ingenti mole fepulchrum But good eA neds a huge tomb did rear, Impofuir, fuaque arma viro, remumque tubamque = FFs army $5 bis ore, and trumpet p ares et hoe Monte fub aerio, qui nunc Mifenus ab illo ey PR aa retsrie Fe cues Dicitur, zternumque tenet per fecula nomen. : ; : Idem. Mifenus call’d, tobis eternal fame. Called Arizs before; or having that Epithete given it, in that, partly by Nature, and partly by Art,it is almoft hollow throughout. This Promontory is of all other the moft famous for the clemency of the air, the City here once ftanding, the Manor-honfes adjoyning, the Rowsane navy, antick monuments, fifh-pools, grots, baths, and other admirable buildings ; furveying all the fea-coafts unto the Promontory of Adixerva, ( if meafured with the winding fhore, 34 miles diftant) all which fhewed inthe time of the Kemane Monarchy like to one entire City. Whereof now (lVaples excepted) there is little to be feen that hath efcaped the fury of fire, of water, or earth-quakes, lere Cains Marius hada Villa, witha place more fumptuous and fine than befitted uch a fouldier, after purchafed by Cornelia, andafter that by Lucullus, inwhich T7- berius Cafar departed this life (prevented by extremity of ficknefs) in his way unto Capre. The vault of Tracovaria (fignifying a paflage for water) is neer unto this, A part of the fame (as conje€tured by fome) which was digged by Were, reaching unto Avernus to receive all the hot waters of the baths of Bares being covered over head, and on each fide cloyftered. But this fhould rather feem tobe made for their receipt of the rain that defcended from the Promontory, as appears by the conveyances. It is about cwenty foot high; the fallen down roof obfcures both the length and bredth. The middle {pace is contained between two walls, 18 foot broad, and 200 long. -In either fide of it a paflage there is by four doors into four ample vaults, the arched roofs being joyned with walls inthe middle. The ruines of the City lye below this: amongft which are the remains of a Theatre, in form of an half Amphitheatre. Thefe Theatres were dedicated to Venus, as the Amphitheatres to AZars ; thofe prefenting delights of a more gentle nature. ; ra] Where cane La Be Mifenus.. Mercato di Sabbato. 231. Where loves ixsagined are daily fang ; Iftic affidue f@i cantantur amorgs! Ovid. Remed. Amoris. yet more antiently to Bacchss; rather from the feeing than hearing affuming that name, of their there prefented dancings, pageants, and diverfity of {pectacles, ALar- cus Valerius Maffala, and Caffius Longimms, were the firft among the Romans that ad- ventured to erecta Theatre; although playes were devifed many ages before, Firft Romulas thefe careful playes devisdy — Primus follicitos fecifti Romule ludos, When Romane widowers Sabine maids [urpriz’d. Quum juvit viduos rapta Sabina viros, No veil the marble Theatre o’re-{pred, Tune igo marmorco pendebant yela Thee Nor fiage wut hliquid'S. affron then look'd rea, ; Nee fuerant liquide pulpita rubra croce, But Bowre of boughs, whieh nerghbouring woods impart, — Ulic quas tulerant nemorola palatia frondes There rudely framed Stood; the Scene lack:d art, |, Simpliciter pofitee; Scena fine arte fuit. On (ears of turfs the Auditors fit down; "dn gradibus edit populus dé cefpite fadtis ' ‘ : Qualibet hirfutas fronde tegente comas, And leavy god id their dangling treff és crown. QvidsAers fm. ri But how fumptuous they grew from fo rude a beginning, the Theatre built by AZercus Scaurus doth declare, exceeding all other fabricks whatfoever. It had three ftages one above another, fupported with three hundred and fixty: pillars of marble. The lowe(t {tage was of marble; the front of the middle, of glafs ; the uppermott of boards gile curioufly over. Three thoufand ftatues of brafs ftood between the columnes ; and the femi-¢ircle'was ample enough to contain fourfcore thoufand perfons. The furniture of hangings, pi€tures aiid apparel, was anfwerable to the magnificency of the building ; and all this: done by a'private man. The parts of a Theatre were four’; the: front of the ftage, the (tage whereon they acted ; che place where the Maficians played, (in which the Poets alfo, and Orators pronounced their compofitions) and that where.the Chorus danced and fung ; about which fate the Senators. The {pectators fate. one above. anos’ ther round about the round; diftinguifhed according to their quality. Zhe face of the Scene was made fo asto turnof a fudden and to prefent new pi€tures and places, ac- cording to the argument then handled. But herein the invention of Cario fiutpafled s whofe two great Theatres,framed of wood, hung upon.two hooks, which upheld the . whole frame. Inthe forenoon they were placed back unto back, and plays exhibited therein; in the afternoon turned about in a.trice they affronted each other, and towards the later end of the day joyning them together, made of both one goodly Amphithe- atre; (the people never removing from their feats) where Fencers at’ tharp fucceed- -edthe Adtors. Thus-bore he the Romanes berweeri heaven atid éarth upon the truft_ of two hooks: a bold invention, and. as bold an adventure. Vero in perfon oft aéted in publick 7 heatres, although Players were filenced by him in the beginning of his reign, as before histime by 7sberins, and after by. Trajaz. A oil . A little removed there are certain falt-pits, and beyond towards Cuma we came toa Ciftern, notundefervedly called Pifciaa mirabilis, This- was entred at two doors in the oppolite corners (whereof one now is ramm'd up) and is defcended into by. forty ftone fteps. The vault is five hundred foot in length, and in bredth two hundred and twenty: the roof futtained by four rows of. pillarsy:twelvein a'row, wherein are divers tunnels: whereat they draw up water, now yielding a fufhcient light to the fame: Without, it appeareth but as a riling bank; the walls within confifting of brick ; and plaiftered over with acompofition, as they fay, of flour, the white.of. eggs, {tone beaten into powder, hard as marble, and not to be foked thorow. by water. The. making of this {ome impute to Lacullus, by reafon of the neighbourhood of his manfion;.. but more probably we may do it to Agrippa for the benefit of the Navy, into which water was conducted from the River Sersuas.. Thofe that are’ called Centum Camérelle (into which alfo we entred)of the multitude of vaults for the preferving of water, I rather think to have belonged to Lacullus ; mentioned byVarre, Tacitus, and Pliny, Between Afifenus and Bare there lyeth along plainy called by fome the Ely/an field, but more commonly Afercato diSabbato, environed with ruines’, heretofore a Cirque; fo called of the running about the. obelisks. that ftood along in the mid- dle,with horfes and chariots. Tarquimus Prifcus built the fix amongit the. Romaxs, between thc two hills Palatinns and Aventine, named Maximus ; enlarged and mag- nificently adorned by Cafar Auguftus, Trajan, and Heliogabalus, It contained XxX 2 i 413 r) 232 Mercato di Sabbato. LAIBs 4. in length three hundred feventy and five paces, in bredth an hundred and five and twenty 3 fquare at one end, and circular at the other; the round and fides compaf- {ed-with a rivulet of ten foot broad, and of equal depth; without which were the walls, containing three galleries one above another, and built with feats like an Am- phitheatre 5 where places were affigned to each feveral calling ; large enough to re- ceive two hundred and threefcore thoufand Speétators. Entred it was at twelve ports. At the fquare end the horfes under certain arches had their ftand, kept back by a bar- rier drawn up upon the fign given. In the midft of the Cirque ftood an hieroglyphical Obelisk, brought by pn out of Egypt from the City of the Sun, there erected by Sersnefertus, an hundred five and twenty foot and nine inches high. On each fide of this ftood three lefs, gilt afterwards over, for the other fix Planets, all in a row like the lifts ina Tilt-yard. They ufed to ftrewthe floor with the powder of white ftone, Nero caufed it to be {prinkled with a green mineral, found in the mines of gold and ~ brafs ; Caligula with the fame, but mixed with Vermillion; He/ogabalus with the filings of gold and filver, and forry he was that he could not with Amber: Although the Cirques were generally confecrated unto Neptune , yet it. feemeth that the Sun had a fpecial intereft in this; not only in regard of bis Obelisk, but of the twelve games there exhibited in-his honour, fignifyed by the twelve gates, and perhaps having re- ference to the twelve figns, as the feven times circling the lift with their chariots, had to the feven Planets, and daies of them named. That hieroglyphical Obelisk now ftand- ing at Rome in the Lateran, ftood in the fame Cirque, erected by Constantius, and by him brought from Alexandria ina galley of three hundred oares, being there left by Conftantine the Great, who had taken it from Egyptian Thebes, (where Rawsneffes had fet itin a. Temple tothe honour of the Sun) with purpofe to have conveyed it unto Cox- ftantinople. They adorned thefe places with the images of their gods, and fpoyls of their enemies. Before the beginning of the race, they carried their idols about in a folemn proceffion. Whereof amorous Ord, fitting inthe Cirque by his Miftrifs Sed jam pompa venir, lingnis animifque favete : The pomp How comes, hearts praife, nor be tongues damb - Sialic ae oe. perme ven Time fits applanfe . the golden pomp doth come. 1 0 T€ 18 Vi ‘ ® * ° © * iy - j Huc ades, atque ae fac Dea, vincit amor. +92 Vi : Cory with difp lad wine leads the way ; Plaudite Neptuno, nimium qui creditis undis ¢ Come hither Goddefs, ae our love the day, Nil mihi cum pelago, me mea terra tenet. Serve Neptune they who too much traft to feas ; Pax juvat, & media pace repertus amor. With waves we trade not ; me my foyl doth pleafe. Auguribus Phoebus, Phoebe venantibus adfir : Sonldier appland thy Mars, we wars detef?; Artifices in te verte Minerva m3nus, P PP ey y PCTS Md P h “pit Agricole Cereri, tencroque aflurgite Baccho: * 6466 love, and Love that vn mild Peace thrives beft, Pollucem pugiles, Caftora placet eques. Augurs Apollo, hunters Phebe aid: Nos tibi blanda Venus, pueroque porentibus ar-Aresficers applaud the brain- born maid, - Mise ; ; Ceres and Bacchus countrey [wains adore ; Plaudimus, inceptis annue diva meis, Champions pleafe Pollux ; horfe-menCaffor wore : Ovid. Amor, 1.3. Eleg.1. Tothee kind Venus, and thy boy that awes All hearts (affif? me) I give my applanfe. The place then cleared by the Prztor, chofen for that_purpofe, the Chariotters ftarted their horfes upon a fign given; clothed in colours differing from each other: Si viridi prafinove bres qui ee fumis; If blue or green you fide with, and wear red ; Ne fias iftine transfuga forte vide, Look left the tm from your party fled. BRE pie k left they fay, yom from your party fi thofe of their fa€tion wearing the fame, which grew to fo hot a contention in the reign of Fuftinian between the Green and the Blue, that 4oo0oe were flain at Canftan= tinople in the quarrel.Seven times they drove about the lift,as is manifeft by Propertins. Aut ptius infeGto depofcit premia curluy Or prize dewsands before the race be done s Septima quam metam triverie ante rota, Etre wheels feven times about the lift have rune and he reputed the moft skilful, that could drive neereft to the ends of the lift without danger: whereof Ovid, reproving a Chariotter, Me miferum, metam fpaciofo circuit orbe; 4h! fromthe lif? too far his wide wheels firay : Tende precor valida lora finiftra manu. ay ‘ Am 3+ Elog, 2, Sos Sea “4 feronger hand uponthe left reins lay. L#Be L. Mercato di Sabbato. Nefis. ee Anapkin was the reward of the victor; “as the hanging out thereof a fignal. to be- gin. Wuicn grew into a cuftome upon Vere’s throwing his napkin out at the window, ttaying long at dinner, and importuned by the people to make hatte ; who often played the chariotrer himfelf. And fo had this paftime bewitched the principal Aosays, that - divers coufumed their patrimonies therein; declared by Juvenals mvective againtt one, Who [pent his wealth in mangres, nor doth prife Qui bona donavit prefepibus, & caret omni Wh.t parents left, whilft on fife wings he flies. i cenfu, dum fervolat axe citato. atau: And to ‘conclude with the fame Poets Satyrical defcription of thefe races. Men while Circenfian (hews do celebrate Interea Megalefiaex {pectacula mappa Ideiem races. Intrinmphant tate Idzeum folemne colunt, fimilifque triumpho, The hor. thief Praetor fits. latruthI may ra Pe ete See cing mihi San : mmenfe nimizque licet fi dicere plebis; With favour ofthe too great V ulg ar {ays Totam hodie Romam circus capit, & fragor aurem To day the Cirgae nll Rome contarns, the cry Percutit, eventum viridis quo colligo panni : A [fare 5 me of the Green-coats v idbory : Wam fi deticeret, moeftam, attonitamque videres ‘ib ofe he, the City mourns in like d ifmay, Hanc urbem, veluti Cannarum pulvere vigtis Confulibus; fpeCtent juvenes quos clamor & audax ae So Ts: : “ As when at Canna Confuls loft the days Sponfic, quos culta decet afledific puell, This better the bold-betting Youth befies 7 fee, who clofe to his trim Miftrifs fits. Juv. Sat. 11. The catching and killing of beats by the handsof men, which were of a more fearful nature, was alfo prefented in the Cirque ; thus exprefied by Vopifcus in the life of the Emperor Probes: A liberal-hunting he beftowed in the Cirques to be carried all away by tiie people, The manner of the {pectacle was; Great trees by the roots pull'd up by the fouldiers were faftned to pieces of timber, in many places conjoyned ; which when covered with earth, the whole Cirque did appear as a flourifhing wood; into which were thruft tooo Oftridges, 1000 Stags, 1000 Bores, 1000 Buicks, Goats, Sheep, wild beafts, and other creatures that live upon era{s, as many as could be found out and preferved. Then fuffering the people to encer, they caught, and carried away what~- foever they could. From the Welt end of this Cirque we defcended a little amongft certain ruines, where divers Urns are yet to be {een in the concavés. of old walls, con- taining the afhes of the Romanes. Leaving the forfaken Promontory that fhewed no- thing but defolation, We retired to our boat, and crofled the Bay unto the fhore of Purzole, to.a place where the fand is fo hot ( notwithftanding wafhed with every bil- low)that like it was to have fcalded our hands, though fuddenly pull’d forth again. From hence we rowed to Wefis, a little Ifland, and but little removed from the point of Pas- filype , once fabled to have been a Nymph, and beloved of the mountain. Aud thee, fair N efis thrall, Paufilypes ie haa ean ae amore, With iveful plaints he calls pow from {ca Laat at ab zquore queftus - Another {peaking of the wine of Paufilype, Loe here Panfilypes tears {hed when he mourn dy En tibi Paufilypis tacryms qu:s fudit ad undas, whilft fying Nefiste arock was turn 4, Dum us Ashes vertitur in fcopulum. And Postanus defcribing the Nymphs, declares the condition of the place ; Amongst the Lotis by the (hore unfpidey Illum Nifa tenet deferci ad lictoris algam, Him Nefisclips, blackckoeed, ved: cheek, gray-eyde, Nigra gemporcseyve genib& Uimins gine. It conraineth no more than a mile anda halfin circuit ; now the pofleffion of the Duke of Amalphus, and honoured with his houfe; heretofore with the houfe of Luacullus ; the place made healthful by the cutting down of the'woods,which was formerly other= wife. OF which a certain traveller Next Nefis Stands with Sperage fror’d ere-while — Poft hanc afparagis plenam Nefida videmus; | ?. . of Gs flyp Babe hoi i ii Hilt Pars hac Panfilypes quondam, maris infyla nunc eff, vi “3 6 x 3 T heré “mpaes : Mergellina. Prochita LIB. 4. Multis ibi fervae furtiva cuniculus antra, There caves in fecret barrews Conies hold : Antra Typhonzos quondam {pirantia fumos, Caves that expir’d Typhonean funces 0 fod, Ec circa Eumenidum nebulofo triftia luco, ! And flames within the Furies gloomy groves. It hath a round Tower in the midft over-looking thofe coafts, with a little pore turn- ing toward the South, making belides a fafe {tation for fhips between it and che Mountain. . A So we paft along the fide of Paujilype, clothed with Natures moft rich and beauti- ful tapeftry; the frequented fhore affording diverfity of folaces; befides other edifi- ces, bearing the impreffions of fundry ancient ftrnétures, Amongft the reft, that now called Cop:nus ; a Grotdefcended into by degrees from the houfe that ftood above it: once belonging unto Pollio Vibes, and left unto Auguffus Cafar by his will. This cra- elly luxurious Po//io accuftomed his Lampreys, kept in this fttew, to feed upon mans flefh ; into which he threw his condemned flaves. Upon a time having invited Augu- stustofupper, a boy breaking a cryftal glafs, and for that mifchance being to be devoured by fithes, befought Aaguftus that he would not fuffer him to dye fo wretch= edadeath. Then the Emperor commanded that they fhould let ‘him alone: and withal, that all che cry{tals which were in the houfe fhould be fetch’d; which he caufed to be broken, and thrown into the fifh-pool. Thus was the friend of C éfar to be chaftifed, and well he exercifed his authority. We will not fpeak of the roots of hills here hollowed by Lacullus ; for which. called gowned Xerxes by Tubero the Stoick; but proceed unto the houfe of facobus Sannaxarins that excellent Poet, given him by King Frederick, and called AZergellina +. which by his laft Teftament he con- verted into a Monaftery, having there built a 7émple to the birth of the Virgin. And herein his fepulchre is to be feen, of a fair white marble, with his figure cut to the life : from whofe mouth the Bees do feem as it were to fuck honey. On the one fide is the Ratue of Apos/o, and on the other of AZinerva, though called by the names of Da- vid and fudith. Heis beholding to Cardinal Bembus for this there engraven Epitaph, - facro ng flores ; Hic ille Maroni, Strew flowers; Here lies Sincerus in Earths womb $ incerus Mula proximus, ut tumulo. His Mufe, as next to Maro’s, [0 his tousb, Vix. an. 72. Obiit An. Dom, 3 530 fe ? is f Living, this other he made of himfelf , Agtus hic fitus eft, cineres gaudeta fepulti, - _Aétius here lies ; tnterred afbes joy Jam vaga poft obitus umbra dolore vacat. Our foul by deaths, nowifreed from all annoy. who writ it poetically, and not in contempt of Religion, juftified by his divine Poem ; in the fame manner he hath named himfelf 4 Gius Sincerus Sanmazarins. Tis is not far removed from the way which paffeth thorough the mountain, where we met our Carofs ; and fo returned into the City. Now upon departin3 from Naples, I was perfwaded not to venture over land, by reaton of the infalubrious feafon ( the dog-ftar then raging ) proving often mortal to to the ftranger, but efpecially after arain ; infomuch, that lately of four and twenty French-men, but four got alive unto Florence. So that lasreed with a Gexsefe to carry me in his Feluca to Nepraxe. But ftaying too long for my ‘companion, (an Englifh-man that dwelt at Ligor ) the boat put from fhoar; which we were fain to follow in ano- ther, Croffing cie mouth of the Bay of Patzole, the {eas grew fuddenly rough, and we out of hope ot fafery ; when by a Frexch Fifher-man we were fuccoured, and in his bark tranfported to Prochita, where the other Feluca ftayed for us. Tis Ifland containeth but feven miles in circuit ; fourteen miles from Naples, eight from Patzele, and two from /narime, from whence it is {aid to have flid, and therefore fo called, It lyeth in a low level; yet Virgil, Tum aes pone alta tremir, High Prochitathen trembled at the found, Aok gy. ) ; rather giving it that Epithete of what it was when a mountain of Inarime, feparated, as the Poets do feign, by Typhous : Ue nif ingenti partes de monte revuilfas The motntain with huge fren th afi wnder torn 4enarcam Prochitamque ipfis immiferit aftris, ez nariahe, and Prochita Pe iris , Ac totum fubico coelun tremefeceric iu, ne a M Paral, : o flars ; Heaven trembled at the [adden blow, others DEBS &. : - Prochita. Inarime.. Linternum. 238 others will have it fo called of eneas his kinf-woman there buried. Fruitful it is in Grain and Fruits; abounding with Conies, Hares, and Phefants. The environing Seas are ftored with fifh, andthe fhore with frefh Fountains. To this add we Péata- nas his difcription, making a’Nymph of her: By him goes Prochia his fooufe, far Ace Hane juxta conjux Prochitela incedit, & ore Ard § etre P nabs dis 7 Ke it eSreee aie ee fa fat Tene ins ‘ ; ; : With vatling cochles hem'dy Her zone anlaid Zona riget, viridifque finus frondefcit in alga, With urchins roughsher brefts grees fea-weeds (bade, “Pomais, rf A little Ifland almoft adjoyning' to the Weft of this, called the Park; where formerly they accuftomed to hunt, but now turned into tillage. The Town regardeth the Pro- montory of Adifenus, featedona neck of the Rock, and defended with a Caftle, Di- "vers ftragling houfes there be thtoughout the Ifland. John de Prochita, a renowned Citizen of Salers, was once Lord of this place, from whence he produced his Origi- nal ; who deprived Charles of the dominion of Sicilia, and was Author of that bloody Even-fong, asformerly declared. Provoked thereunto, in that Charles had difpofleffed him of Prachita ; or rather for abufing his wife, as is reported by others : whom the Aragonian, that rofe by the fall of the Frexch, aiade Governour of Valentia. . The weather continuing ftormy, we ftayed here the day following, and fo had the ‘Teifure to furvey the neer neighbouring e£naria, called alfo Ar ey and Inarime : an Ifland eighteen miles about, and no more, though meafured with the fhore : which thraftech out many beautiful Promontories. Inthe midttof the Ifland ftands the high mountain Epomens, upon whofe top St. Nicholas hath a Temple, ‘befriended with a fouatain of frefh water : The want whereof is here greatly mifled, chere be- ing but twelve in the whole Ifland, whereas there be of hot and medicinable {prings (befides Sudatories) five and twenty. For the earch is full of fubterrene fires, which have heretofore evaporated ftones, and raifed molt of thefe Mountains; therefore was it feigned to cover Tiphous : the painful prifon Inarime ——— durumque cubile By Joves Commannat nt on Tjphous thrown : Inarime Jovis imperiis impofta Typhoeo, Virg 1.9, for what fignifieth that name Typhous, but fuppreffed whirle-winds, and impetuous inflammations ? Though this Ifle was not called Arime, and Pithtoufa (for both fignifie ech one thing) of the men here feigned to have been Metamorphofed into Apes; yer why not of their crafty and bettial difpofitions ? And little better. are they at this day; ether retaining the favage cuftoms of their Progenitors, or having their blood dryed up with over-much fire; being prone to injuries, violence and flaughters. Bat Pliny faith, that it took the name of -Jearinse of the making of earthen pots, as _ varia of the ftation of e4veas his Navy. Now called it is [/chiay which fignifi- eth ftrong, inregard of the ftrength of the Town (fomie fay, of the form expreffing ahuckle-bone) regarding Prochita, Seateditison a high craggy Rock, environed in times pat with the Sea, though now joyned tothe reft by a long paflage of ftone; with making (according as the wind doth fit ) oneach fide a Harbour. The Rock is almoft feven furlongs about, affoording but a fteep and difficult afcent, and that made by manslabour. The Town is flrengthened with Iron.gates, and guarded by Ttalians, The Marquels of Va/fois Governour of the Caftle and Town. There are . in the Iflarid eight Villages, The Inhabitants be for the moft part poor, yet is the earth in many places not niggardly in her productions. Much more might be faid of this Ifland ; but] now grow weary of this labour. ) The next day the wind blowing favourably, we failed clofe under Cuma. and croffed a little beyond the mouth of Vualearnus ; a River that rifeth in the Countrey of the Samsuites, and gliding by Capua (but three miles diftant from the tuines’ of the old): here falleth into the Sea; where flood a City (now to be feen) of that name. Between this and Cuma, but a little removed from the fhore, ftand the ruines of Linternum, ennobled by the Sepulchre of Scipio Africants ; who grieved at the un-grateful accufations of the Romanes, abandoned the unkind Citys and rerj- ring hither here ended his dayes, as a man of private condition, By this there js a Lake of that name, and nearer the fhore a Tower, at this day called Torre dels patria. A 236 Sinueffa. Lares As LiBg4ar A little proceeding, Sinueffa fhewed us her reliques, fo named of the crooked fhore; but more anciently Sivope ; and then a Greck Colony. Hither the Emperor Clandias repaired, in hope to recover his health through the temperature of the air, and vir- we of the waters; but contrarily here met with the mufbroms that poifoned him. At thefe baths 7igellinus, a beattly boy ; and a vicious old man, in chief credit with Nero for his luxury and cruelty, received the*meflage of his death (then dallying with his Concubines:) which with a fearful, ‘and flow hand, in the end he accom- plithed. Thefe waters are faid to cure women of ‘their barreanefs ; and men of their ; madnefs: but men rather here lofe their wits with too much fenfuality ; as women % that defect by the forfeiture of their virtues; ficknefle being but a pretence for their gadding ; of old jefted at by the Epigrammatift. Dicet & hyftericam fe forfiran altera Meecha Another drabta cure the Mother fits, faith In finueflano velle federe lacu. . She must go bathein Sinueffan Bath: rast Ske Much plarner thou, who when thou goest to do cc a gd Such foul deeds, Panla, tell’fe thy husband true. Not far beyond the River Liris hath his waters dif-feafoned with the Sea; who fetch- éth his birth from the Apexnine, and giveth a limit to the Weft of Campania ; a be- holder, and av umpterof many bloody conflicts, and oft infidious to the Traveller. Haliparnaffus reports, that he left his courfe (as that. of Y#/twrn#s) and ran back te his fountain, at fuch time as Arsfedemus was tyrant of Cuma.. There ftandeth a tower at the mouth of the River bearing this Infcription : | Hane quandam terram vaftavit gens Agarepa This foil once [poyl’'d by Saracens ‘that aft Scandens hune fluvium 5 fieri ne poftea poflir. The yielding oe : ts refift Like Jatt: é Princeps hane currim Pendulphus condidit Hetos, Ur fit fiructori decus, & memorabile nomen. Pan dulp hws that herovck Prince did raife cs This tower . which frill renowns the builders praifes built inthe -days of Pope Fohz the eighth. The Lobfters of this River are commended by Athenens ; whereof when Apicius had tafted (who lived in the days of Tiberias) aman of great fubftance, and devoted onely to luxury.and his belly, he feated him- {elf at Atimurnum (a City which ftood a little up the ftream) that he might at alf times, and more liberally feed on them. And having heard that far greater were ta- ken upon the coat of Africa, he failed thither of purpole to make, proof. But find- ingit otherwife, (forthe 4 frican fifher-men fore-knowing of his coming, whilft yet a Ship-board, had prefented/him with the’greateft) without fo much as going afhore, he returnedinto Ztaly, This was that Apic:#s that wrote whole Volums of Cookery 5 whofe luxury and end are expreffed in this Epigram : Dederas Apici bis tricenties yentri, Three thoufand pounds upon his belly [pens Sed adbuc fupererat centies tibi laxum. Apicins.; left five hundred to prevent Hoc tu gravatus, nefamem & fitim ferres, ot pe agen 8% : . cae yenehnimsentone Cine? Hanger and t irft (a fear that weer thee went, ) Nil eft Apis, tibi golout fadtum, This, after that, thon did St in poifon pat ; Maxt.1.3:Ep.22, Therein Apiciusy the great greedy gut. O; the Shrimps of this River, thus {peaks the fame Author : Czruleus nos Liris amat quem filva Maricae Blue Liris loves us, whom Maricas wood Protegit i at maxima turba fumus. Shields from the Sun; ° f fall [brimps agreat brood. Marica was the wite of Fauxus, adored in this wood, ftanding near the Sea by the Minturnians. For Minturnum (as hath been faid) ftood but. little above,It fheweth among other ruines ef fumptuous buildings,the ruines of an Aquaduét,.a, Theatre a Amphitheatre, &c, Inthe marifhes hard by Caras Maries, overthrown by Sylla concealed himfelf; when the aufterity of his afpe& did terrifie the fouldier that Was fent to kill him ; and fo efcaped into Africa. Between this River and Jybur, lyeth Latiam (of whom the Latins) bounded on the North with the Countrey of the Sabimes ; taking that name, as moft Authors affirm, of Saturnus here hiding of himfelf from the purfuit of Jupiter ; whereof a Chriftian Poet {coffingly ; : Hither LIB. 4. _ Liris. Latium. Formia: 237 Hither, aGod, I flies the aged h'de, Dep reud of rule by fons ee a ae ride. Delectum folio ; place hic fugitiyus & exul Here let me lark exil'd ; and to yonr fame, ; Uc lateam, genti atque loque Latium dabo nox The land lle Latium, people Latins name. men. Prudent. Sum Deus, advenio fugiéns ; preete larcbras Occultare fenem, nati feritate tyranni But rather fo called, for that no Countrey of /rdly lies fo broad and open to the view, as doth this between the Sea, and the Mountains. We-crofled the Bay of Fermie, in the ‘bottom whereof now ftandeth a Cattle, with a Town called Adola; where erft Formia built‘by the Laconians ftood, the recreation and delight of the Komans, as ap- peareth by many notableruines. A little above, Cicero had a Villa ; flain by Heren- as ni#s, as his fervants bore him from thence towards the Seaina litter : whom he iad formerly defended when accufed for the murther of his Father: Of Formia I cannot choofe but infert this (though long) commendation of Martial, {ince it alfo touch- eth the places fpoken, and to be {poken of : O temp erate Formia, O {weet {hore ' Set by Apollinar before . : All feats ; when tir'd with grave affairs, At once he quits both Rome and Cares, Thy chaste wives Tybar, Tufculum, ' The pleafant vacant Aloidum, . Pranefte, Antium, lefs priz'd are Dardan Cajeta, Circe fair, Marica, Liris, Salmacis In Lucrine bath'd, not likes like this, Here mild-winds breathe on Thetis face,: Nor dull, but tively (mooth ; quick, pace. The atisve air to fwoln fails lends: Suchs Ladies, when famrheat offends, (So, cool.) with purple plumes do raife, Nor for finn'd prey the line far firaies Hes Bat fifhit.tugs from windsw kigh | Thrown whom cleer waves betray toth’ eye} When eA olus rage Nereus feels, nu Storms flighting, they from trencher feed Pikes, Turbots, which fecure ponds breed. The Lamprey [wims tohis Lords invites, The Beadle the known Maller cites, Th old Barbels bid? appear do come. When thefe joys {hall we enjoy, O Rome | What days in City-toylslofe we, > °° At formaia to be {pent care-free > O happy Hindes, this happinefs Prepar'd for your Lords yon poffe/s | O temperate dulce Forrnize liteug} Vos, cum feveri fugit oppidum Martis, Ec inquietas feflus exuic curas, Apollinaris omnibus locis prefert. Non ille fanz dulce Tybur uxoris, Nec Tufculanos Algidofeue feceflus, Prenefte nec fi¢, Anciumye miratur; Non blanda Circe, Dardanifve Cajeta Defiderantur, nec Marica, néc Litis, Nec in Lucrina lota Sarmacis yena. Hic fumma leni ftringitur Thetis vento 5 Nec languet equor ; ‘viva {ed quies pontis Pictam phafelon adjuvante fert aura, _ Sicut puellz non amantis zftacem _ Multa falubre purpura venit trigus : “Nec feta longo quetir in mari pradam; Sed a cubiculo, letulaque jactarana Spectatus alte lineam trahit pifciss Si quando Nereus fentit Holi regaum, Ridens procellas tuta de f1a menfa, _ . Pifcina rhombum pafcit & lupos vernas; Natat ad magiftrum delicata murzne. Nomenculator mugilem citar notum, Et adefle uff prodeunt fenes Mulli, _-Frui fed iftis quando Roma permittis ? Quot Formianos im putat dies annus, Negoriis rebus urbis hzrenti ! | Orvinitores, villicique felices, Dominis parantur ifta, ferviunt vobis! Mart], 10,Ep.go. Thorow this /a Appia pafleth, of which we thall fpeak hereafter. No: far from AZola ftands Cajera, retaining the antient name, where, long before night, we arrived. Cajeta ftands on the Weftern point of the Bay of AZola, and of the crookednefs thereof was forcalled by the Laconians that built it, although Virgil ; | Thon dying gav’ ft our {hore-a living name : eH neas uur[e Ca jeta: Now thy fame, ‘wAnd afhes in great Italy (if grace | That any give) retain ax honowr’d place. Tu guoque littoribus noftris ZEnela nurrix ABrernam moriens famam Cajera deditti, Er nune fervat honos fedem tuus, offaque no men 3 Hefperia in magna (fi qua eft ca glotia)fignar, fin.17, : 30) Others will have it fo called of the burning hereof e£neas his Navy by the D chen women, tired with their tedious Navigations. Jand, the reit environed by the Tyrrehue fea and t npon the North-fide, lies within the land {i ed almoft with continued buildings. But It hath one onely acceffé to ic by he aforefaid Bay, which encroaching ke an ample Lake ; the Weft-fhore border= the Ciry and Caftle li¢'under a high Bil,’ which 238 Cajeta. Fundi. Anxur.. Feronia, LIB. 4. which thrufteth into the Sea, and is alfo included within the fame wall; yet hath little building thereupon ; crowned with the Maufoleum of Lucius Munatius Plan. ess though vulgarly and ignorantly called, The Tower of Orlando. The building is round of form, and without confifts of fquare ftone, lined within with white mar- ble: and receiving light onely fromthe door. In the fides there are four concaves where ftatues have ftood. Thetopof the Monument is adorned with fpires and tro- phies ; and the front prefentech this Infcription : L. MUNATIUS L. F. L. N. L. PRON. PLANCUS. GOS, CENS, IMP. ITER, VII, VIR. EPULUM. TRIUMPH. EX, C& TIS. ADEM. SATURNI, FECIT. DE MANUB, A- GROS, DIVISIT. IN. ITALIA. BENEVENTI. IN GALLIA, COLONIAS DEDUXIT ; | LUDUNUM, ET RAURICAM. The mountain and Caftle are guarded by Spastards, who will not eafily permit a ranger to furvey them. — No fooner fhall you enter the Caftle, but a Goffin covered with black, fet on high, prefents it felf to your view, with this under-written Epitaph : Francia me dio, laume, France gave me light, Efpannam es fuerzoy ventura, Spain power and mg as Roma medio Ja muerte, Desh, davved Rime | : Caeta la fepoltura. Caiet atomb, containing the body of Charles of Burbon, Genetalof the Army of Charles the fifth ; and flain in the fack of Rome. Name we only the Trophie of Sempronins Atracinus, which ftood without the City ; pulled down to build the Front of a Temple; and the Sepulchre of Vitruvius, feigned to have been Ciceres by the Cajetantans: Where= upon A/phonfus hafting thither, caufed the Monument to be freed from the over-grow- ing bufhes 3 but when by the Infcription he found it to belong to the other, he faid, that the Cajetamans had received Oyl, but not Wifdom from Adinerva. Many ruines chere are hereabout, that yet accufe the fore-going ages of Vanity and Riot; a- mongft the reft thofe of the Palace of Fauftida arte for the night following we took up our lodging) in which the lived fo voluptuonfly. Of whom Futius Capitolinas s Many conjeéture that Commodzs was born ih adultery s. confidering: Fauftinas beha- viour'at Cajeta: whodifhonoured her felf ‘with the familiarity of Mariners and Fen- — cers. Whereof when AZarcus Antonius was told, and perfwaded either to kill or di- vorce her, he replied, Lf / put away my Wifey I mufhrestore her her dowry. The nextday we put again to Sea, rowing along a pleafantfhore. We patt by the Lake of Fund:, that hath a Town of that name atthe furtheft end, ere@ed out of the decayes of the old, fackt not long ago by the Pyrate: Barbaroffa. ‘This is the ma- ritime limit of the Weapolitan kingdom. Terraciua-a City belonging to the Pzpacy, appeared tousnext ; focalled of 77achina, in that feated ona cliffy hill; and Anxxr, of the Temple here dedicated to Fupiter, Aaxwurus, which is beardlefs, OF this, Ho- _ race in his Journal: | ————arque fublimus And rock-buile Auxsr vars'd on high, ar oars | candentibus Anxur. — Whafe brightne[s greets the diftant eye. < Firft- built by the Spartans; who flying the fevetity of Licurgus his laws,here planted themfelves; then a Colony of che Volfcrans, and after of the Romanes. Neex this, gue gelidulque per imas : Querit iter valles atque in mare volvicur Ufens. fn, 1. 7. . Cold Ufens thorow low valleys feeks his way, A nud tribute to the Tyrrhene fea doth pay. Three miles below ftood the City of Ferowa, fo called of ea gandens Feronia luce, Peronia (joyning in green groves ) deme a god- LIB. 4. Circean Promontory. | 239 a soddefs greatly adored. Itis feigned, that when. her adjoyning grove was acciden- tally fet on fire, the Inhabitants going about to remove her image, it fuddenly re- flourifhed. Multitudes of people frequented her yearly folemnities; where fuch as were infpired with her fury did walk upon burning coals without damage. And now we are come to the Czrceaan Promontory : ilies waa! RZ Mele — PTINA, t te VS BS ae sey, ANY a p * once being an Ifland, the marifhes not then dryed up, that divided it from the Con- tinent. The habitation of Czrce, who expulfed’out of Sarmatia (where the had-ty- rannically reigned after the death of her impoyfoned husband) here made her abode. OF this place, und her, thus Virgil: Next on Circean coafts they plough the flouds Proxima Circaez raduntur littora terrae, here S66 ehh daughter daily AE issi wis Dives borate Solis filia tucos | : ; h ae Affiduo refonat cantu, teCifque fuperbis Not to b’ approacht ; and when ftars light aflame Uric odoratam noéturne in lumine cedeuri, Sweet cedar torches her proud roofs perfume. Arguto tenues percurrens peCtine telas, Who webs divinely weaves. Hence groanesrefaund, Hinc exauditi gemitus, ireque Leonam Chac’d Lions roar ‘(dif-daining to bebound) , — WVincla pealinga & {era {ub notte rudentem, In nights whilft calm, The briftled Bore, and bear Setigerique fues, atque in prefepibus uri Szvire, ac forme magnorum ulylare lupotum, Incaved rage ; and monftrous wolves howl there ; Quos hominum ex facie, Dea feeva potentibus hers Whole forms the Goddefs fell,by virtue firange bis Of herbs, from manly did to beftval change. Fnusrar Sitge in vultus & terga ferardm, 3 : Ned, Fe ; The mountain wascalled e#4a, of the horrorsand calamities of the place. The fable was fitted to the place, in that producing a number of herbs and plants of different virtues. Circe fignifieth no other then the Suns circumvolution, whofe heat and di« recter beams do quicken whatfoever is vegetable: She is {aid to have been prone unto Jove, in that heat and moy/ture are the parents of venerious defires ; being alfo feigned to have been begotten by So/on Perfers, the daughter of the Oceaz, and therefore an allurer unto intemperancy; whereby fhe transformed @Z/y/fes his mates into beatts : (for no better are the fenfual,) whom he by fprinkling them with Moly (which is temperance) an herb hardly to be found by mortals, reftored again unto their man- ly proportions. The mountain mounteth on high, and aloft on the Eait-lide bears the ruines of an old City called formerly Circe. Below it ftands the New, named St. Felice; and nearer the fhore arnine, the fuppofed tomb of E/penor, one, and the worlt of Z/y/fes his mates, who though reftored from the fhape of a f{wine, betook him again to his cups, and broke his neckin his drunkeneffe, here buryed by him. Neer this Aaafenus falls into the Sea; and raifeth his head from the not far diftant nie oy) 240 | | Antum. LIB. 4, of Setings; of no obfcure fame for their celebrated wines. The marithes of |Poxtana. do bound the North-fide of this Promontory; onthe Welt it hath acalm bay; and with his Southern bafis repulfeth the importunate waves ; the noife whereof gave in- vention to the fabulous roaring of Lions, &c. Certain deep caves there are on this fide, and by Frigots to be rowed into, wherein the 7: urkifh Pirats not feldome do lurk in the — day time. The mountain is fet about with watch-towers. The Goddefles detefting each other, were honoured in this place: called by.an ancient infcription here found, -thePromontory of Venus; andinthe old City Adimerva had her Altar. * Tarquimus here planted a Romane Colony ; and to this place Auga/fus confined Lepidus for evere * From hence wecame to Weprane, where they fet me afhore,and proceeded on their voyage. The countrey between this and the river Ziris is no other then a low marifh 5 onely here and there certain hills look aloft, as is declared before ; yet producing in divers places the moft excellent of vines, which grow up by trees, asthofe of Cecu- bum, F undi, and Setinus, It was fir drained by Cornelius Cethegus, and after by Ce- far s called formerly Pontina, in that ferryed over ii fundry places; and now Asfente Palade. OF this Lucan. ' | | Et qua Pontinas via dividituda paludes, The wet way that Ponsinas fenns divides, Lucan, |, 3. meaning the Appian way ; extending from Rome by divers circuits unto Brundafium : which entring the marifhes at Forum Appit, hard by the hills of Sersnus, crofles to 7 er- racina . and fo leading to Formia, pafleth over Liris at Adsaturne, This was fo called of Appius Ciandins, who builtit on the fides of fquare ftone ; there higher then in the middle for the benefit of foot-men ; paved within with flint; and broad enough for two carriages to paffe with eafe by each other. At every miles end ftood a little pil- lar, and every where places weré made for the ealier mounting on horfe-back. Adorned it.was on each fide with houfes and Maufoleums ; which now here and there do fhew their half-drowned reliques. =e Neptune doth poflefs the fole of that ancient 4atiwm: fo called, for that it was the firft City that ftood on this fhore; once the chief feat of the Yolfcrans, and then powerful in fhipping, although deftitute of a haven. Infomuch as when|taken from them by the Romans, they fixed the beaks of their fhipsin the Fora at Rome (called thereupon Roffra) where they made their Orations to the people. It ftands upon a Rock, and was much frequented by the principal Romanes for their folaces and in their retirements from the encumbrances of the City; fothat it might contend with the beft for magnificent buildings. Init Fortune had her celebrated Temple, the Pa- 5 2. ‘ tronefs of the City; as {peaks this invocation : O Diva, gratum que regis Antiuin, — Sov'reign of Antinm not ingrate s deste a me tollee z gradu O Goddefs,that mans mean eftate sy vel juperbos : Hi Vertere funeribus erbomiptior Haft pee x foie: eb A a prone Hor... 1.0d.35. In mowrngal fi unerals to cloud, & The fteepnefs of the Rock gives a natural ftrength to the City ; fortified befides with two Caftles; furveying the Sea, and commandihg the fhore. The buildings arg old ; the inhabitants none of the civilleft; fubject itis to the Papacy. ; About one of the clock next morning, I departed with aguide of the town. We entred a great wood, inthetimeof Paganifm facred unto Jupiter, Having rid tho- row it before the Sun was yet an hour high, we mounted the more eminent foil ; which gave us the full view of the large under-lying level. We pafled then thorow a eham- paign country, rich in wines and grain ; feafted with variety of objects, until the parch- ed earth refle€ing an immoderate and unwholefome heat, enforced us to houfe our felves in an Inn fome fifteen miles diftant from Rome, unto which we rid in the cool of the evening. Having flayed here four days (as long as I durit) fecured by the faith and careof Mr. Nicholas Fitz-Herbert, who accompanied me in the furveying of all the antiquities and glories of that City, I departed -to Siena, and having feen Fie- rence, Bolona, and Ferrara, imbarqued onthe Pe, and fo returned unto V etice.. Finis Libri quarti, do ultimi, Sa St | e: 4 } ZA 1 & z Z “ay - “2 - | , 4 Z > ' j .* yA SP * t eg . sal 5 Ene a y 4 ; a —_ f et 2 t pe ‘ * Z Ph 4A ee. _ ‘4 bat ae aa , bas cae. 4 Po ‘ y yet a + x ee “a A, : r (on { A Aidhe ? me $ s! wa , ~~ 4 4 A“ 3 in a eo a ie q % % et 3 2 A ? = 3 aA I 4 ; Zz aoe : ¥ L4G 4 { ¥ po Se a au I e f & ! i : i Peg | } + # 2 he yn - Lf i Ss : i 1 ‘ if , i " # F ¢ ; # Li ve ; i Ais foe i ‘ # ¥ “ 2 “ Ke" er o ee | r ik mo x 1 r Fe 7 a R ~ =) Ned an 2 7 } f ma -* D ‘ f i