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E Nicholas M. Willisns 
 
 Memorial 
 
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PAA A ANS Ce Py a ana ee RMT 
 
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| DESCRIPTION 
 
 i Of the ISLAND of 
 FfUMATCZ 
 
 With the other Ifles and hie 
 in 4M ERIC A,to which the — 
  Englifh are Related, vim. SS 
 
 Barbadoes ) ( Barbada, 
 St. Chriftophers , | Bermudes, 
 hae. or Me-} | Carolina, 
 | Virginia, 
 Anh ' £3 Maryland, 
 St. Hzucent. | Nen-Lork, 
 Dominica, New- Englana, 
 Montferrat, | New- Found- 
 Anguilla. J Lana, 
 
 Publifhed by Richard Blome. 
 
 TOGETHER 
 | With: the Prefent State of: | | 
 
 eG te BS. 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by FB. for Dorman Newman, at the 
 Kings-Arms 1n the Poultrey. 1678. 
 
 lent ge piers 
 
ASD OREN ANNA ERI H IRE ES ee! 
 
 x, 
 
SACREDMAJESTY 
 CHARLES I. 
 
 King of England, Scotland, 
 France, and Ireland, &c. 
 
 re 
 
 tife, or Defcription, \Y\ 
 Aof Your Mayjefties Ny 
 LN ce : 
 See Dominions andter- & 
 esin eA merica, humbly : 
 
 E 
 et ee 
 ee. CONtaaS ee 
 
 - yitort 
 
 prefents its felf unto Your \~ @ 
 Royal Patronage, by the J 
 
 hands of © 
 as Your MAJESTIES moft 
 - humble and obedient | 
 é Subject and Servantys/ ..« oe 
 
 e 4 P ere > 
 Oi 3 
 
 eon “Richard Blome. 
 
1 
 
oa 
 
 agtenenet- teense 
 
 th: SE20$ 
 SSS3E534 45474455 
 
 = PREPA GH 
 | TOTHE || 
 
 R'E A DBR 
 
 WE fing the favour of fome Notes from: 
 my Honoured Friend Sir Thomas 
 
 Linch Knight, about the Defcrip- 
 
 tion of the Ifland of Jamaica, whofe 
 
 Worth and Ingenuity hath lately merited 
 from bis Majefty the Government of the 
 faid- We-;-as--likemife.the- opportunity of. fe- 
 _ veral Papers relating to the Affairs and 
 Delcriptior® of the other Ules and Territo- 
 ries iz America, wherein tha Englifh are 
 concerned, which I received from the hands 
 of feveral of my Friends who are related 
 thereunto, thought them very fit to be 
 -Publiffied. The faid Notes and Papers Z 
 have digefted into a clearer and.more com- 
 pendious Method 3 being brief Defcriptions 
 _ thereof, which this {mall Treatife only aim- 
 ‘eth at ; and not to trouble the Reader with 
 large and waneceffary difcourfes no ways pro- 
 
 per 
 
ane 
 
 f 
 Ko 
 
 ‘To the Reader. | 
 per for. the “Defign in hand. : for by that. 
 means, L might ( by the help of a large 
 Print which fome Publifber of Books call 
 Ornamental ) have put them to an unnecef- 
 fary charge in Buying , and as great a trom 
 ble in Reading. Ihave alfo added fome Maps 
 
 “» the wire utility thereof , which were 
 taken from the Latelt Surveys. 
 
 Lug f 
 
 Rich. Blome. 
 
<a 
 — 
 ’ 
 
 ‘Defcription of the Ifland of 
 
 .) 
 
 mAile land of Femaica lye betwixt thé tes scinuy. 
 lo. 
 
 : Tropicks in the 17, and*18. Degrees of ation. 
 
 if Northern Latitude; and beareth from off 
 
 ‘ the Ifland of Aii/paniola Eaftward, about 
 35. Leagues. 
 
 _ From the Ifland of Cuba Northwatds, about20. 
 
 Leagues. ; s 3 oe 
 From Porto Bello Southwards, about 160. 
 
 Leagues, ' | 
 
 _, From Carthagena South-eafterly about 140, 
 eagles. 
 From:Rio dela Hache in the Continent Souths 
 
 “€afterly; 16@. Leagues. : 
 
 ~ 
 
 The form dnd Exccent of the Ifle. 
 
 It is fomething inclined to an Oval Form; be-trs poray 
 ing from Eaftto Weft 170 Miles in length; and and Ex- 
 from North to South in the Midft where it is broa- tt 
 deft about 70, it waxing narrower and narrower 
 at both extream ends. ak is 7 
 
 From Ealtto Welt along the midft‘of the 7fe ~ 
 tans a comtinued Ridge of lofty A@ounrzixs which 
 
j x cee wee 
 a RO ee 
 
 Tes Soyl, 
 and Fer- 
 thity. 
 
 SAVANAS, 
 formerly 
 
 Fields of 
 
 Indian 
 Maiz. 
 
 - Famaics. 
 are fulloffreth Sprizgs, whencesflow the many 
 Rivers that fo plencifully waters the Z/lazd, to the 
 great refrefhment and accommodation of the In- 
 
 habitants. 
 The Soyle, Fertility, &c. 
 
 Tfis in moft. parts ( efpeciallyethe north ) of a 
 rich and fat Soy/, being of ablackifh Earth, in ma- 
 ny places mixt with a Clay, and in fome, as the 
 fouth Welt Parts, it is of a more fed and loofe 
 Earth, but every where incomparable apt to. pro- 
 duce, and liberallyto anfwer the Cultivators cot 
 and pains for what is planted; being always 
 Springing , and its Trees and Plants never. difro- 
 bed of their fummer Livery, every moneth being to 
 them as our AZay, or April. 33 
 ' Here are many Savaza which are intermtxed 
 with the “7i/s and Woods, efpecially in the North 
 and South parts, where are great ftore of wild 
 Cattel ) Which by report were fometimes Fealds of 
 Indian Maiz, or Wheat, which when the Spaniards 
 became AZa/ffers of the J/le, they converted to 
 ‘Pafture for the feeding of their (tel , bringing 
 hither from Spacz, Horfes, Cows, Hoggs, and 
 Afenegros for a Breed, after they had deftroyed all 
 the Watives, or Indians, which according to cal- 
 culation, did amount to about 60000. which Cat- 
 tcl did exceedingly encreafe, witnefs the great 
 heards of Horfes, and other (atrel, that are now 
 wild in the Woods ; befidesthe great quantities of 
 (ows that havebeen Killed by the, Exgii{h, fince 
 they became Ad¢affers thereof: And thefe Savanas 
 are the molt barren, as being fo long made ufe of 
 without Tillage; yer doth they produce fuch great 
 Plenty of Grafs, that the Ezglifh are conftrained - 
 Eo burn it up. 
 The 
 
Famaica, ie 
 
 The Air, and Temporatare. 
 
 > The Air is heremore temperate then in any of The Ais 
 the Caribbee Ifles;'as feated more Northerly, aiid & Tem- 
 
 of as mild a temperature ( asto Hear) as any Peratwe, 
 
 place between the Topickj, being always cooled 
 with frefh Breezes, that conftantly bow eafterly, 
 and refrefhed with frequent Showers of Rait, and 
 fuch Dews thar fall in the night ( much quickning 
 the growth of what is Planted ) thatit may truly 
 be called temperace and healthful ;-and by reafon 
 of its continual Verdure ( as have before noted ) 
 exceeding Delightful, 
 And itis obferved that the Weftand Eaft Parts 
 of the S/le are moft fubjeG to Raiz and Windes 3 
 _ atid the Woods being alfo thick, andclofe, rendreth 
 the Air lefsagreeable, thenthe North and South 
 Parts, which are more plain and open, and lefs 
 
 fubje€t to Rain and Winds. The eAountains - 
 
 which run along the midle-of the J/le from one 
 extream point to the other, are much Cooler 
 then'the other parts; infommuch that oft-times.in 
 the Mornings there is fmall white Frofs. 
 
 | Forced out of their Roades ; and on Shore, their 
 _ Out of the Katth, 
 
 The Weather. 
 
 | Aloufes blown down, ahd provifiens, &c: rooted ° 
 
 fell Of thé Caribbee Iflands ; the molt obfervable- 
 Wet feafons at in November or Aday 5 there be- Rin 
 i | B2 ing Thunder. 
 
 ~— 
 
 This ¥fiand is in no. parts troubled with thofe fury 
 
 | florms of Wind called Huricanes, which all the Ca- canes.not. 
 rilbee Hes are much peltered with, having fome-inthisTfe, 
 times by the violence of thofe Gujfs, their Ships 
 
 The pearher of this I/leis lefs certain then in the The Win- 
 ter Knows 
 
 y by 
 
 and 
 
4 
 
 moft e- 
 qual. 
 
 Sugars. 
 
 Gocao, 
 
 F amaica. 
 ing. no feemable Wenter but by alittle more Rain, 
 and Thunder, in the winter moneths. 
 
 The winds here conftantly blow all the day from 
 nine inthe Morning eafterly, and become more 
 
 frether as the Saz mounteth higher, by reafon of 
 
 which, at mid-day Travel ot Labour is fufferable. 
 But from eight at Wight to about eight in the 
 Morning, it frequently blows Welterly ; and 
 with thefe Winds, or BreeXes, the Veffels. get out 
 of the Harbours, and ply to wind- ward, 
 
 Days,and  Thereis fcarce any fencible lengthning or fhort- 
 Nightsal- ning of the Days ot Nights, butare almoft always 
 
 of an equal length. 
 The Sea ebbs and flows feldome above a foot. 
 Hurricanes ate here never known, as before [ 
 have noted; nor hath any Veffel been loft, or caft 
 away on the Coaff, fince the Evglifh were Mafters 
 
 The Commodities, which this Ifland Produceth, 
 
 This Z/le hath, and produceth meny excellent 
 Commodities and that in exceeding great Plenty, as 
 
 Sugars fo good , that they out-fell thofe of the — 
 
 Barbadoes 5.8. per Cent.there being at prefent a- 
 bout 70. Sugar Works, which may produce yearly 
 17io'thoufand weight of Sugar, thofe flill encrea- 
 fing, and divers others a going up. 
 
 (ocao, the principal, and moft beneficial Com- 
 modity of the Jfle, which I fhall anon take occafi- 
 onto fpeak of more at large ,and that by reafon.of 
 the aptnefs of the ground to produce and ‘bear it a- 
 bove other places. here being at prefent above 
 60. Cocao walks ; befides abundance of young walks 
 which are a growing up, and {till more a planting, 
 fo that in time it will become the only neged place 
 for that Commodity inthe world, which 1s fo nine’ 
 
 made 
 
 Famaica 
 _amade ufe of by us, and other’ Matzons, but in far 
 greater meafure by the Spaniards who alone are 
 enough to take of the product of the J/le; fo thar 
 there is no fear that it will become a drugs, and 
 lye upon the hands of the Planter, i 
 
 Indico this I{le produceth very good, there be- Indice? 
 ing at prefent more then 60. Indice Works, which 
 may produce about soeoo. weight of Indico per. 
 eA unum, and do like wife much encreafe. 
 
 Corton here hath an efpecial finenefs, and is by Cottey3 
 all preferred before that of the Carribbee Ifles. : 
 
 Tobacco is here.indifferent good, being efteemed Tobacco. 
 better then that of the Barbadoes, but it is not much 
 planted, onlya fufficiency to ferve themfelves ; 
 the other Commodities being more beneficial. 
 
 . Hydes, of which great quantities have been tydes, 
 Yearly made, and are found to be very large and 
 
 good, : 
 - Greatftore of Tortosfes aretaken on this Coaft, Tortoifé 
 whofe meat ( being excellent ) they eat, and their’ eS 
 Shells {o much efteemed here in €zgland for feve- 
 
 ral curious works, finds good vent. 
 
 Here are great variety of Woods for Dyers, a8 Curious 
 Fujtick, Red-wood, &c: alfo Cadar, Mothogency, Woods. 
 Brafilletto, Lignum-Vita, Ebony, Granadilla, and 
 many other excellent fweet fmelling, and curious 
 woods fit for choife works, whofe names are as yet 
 _ pot known; nor indeed their excellencies ; but are 
 exported in great quantities. 
 
 Copper, they are affured isin this J/e, for they ¢ oppér; 
 have feen the Ore, wrought out ofa Wine here, “" 
 and by the Spaniards report, the Bells that hung in 
 the great Church of St, Jago, were calt of the Cop- 
 per of this J/land. 
 
 - Silver may probably be here, as well asin Cuba, Silver, 
 and in the Afaine 5 and the Englifh have been 
 
 thewed where the Spaniards had found a Silver 
 
 oe oe ee Mint, 
 
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 a  * * Famaica, 
  @Mine, behind the ALouneains welt of Cagyay. 
 ‘Amber> — Ambergreece (according to the Spaniards re- 
 grece. port) hathbeenoftenfound on this Coa? 
 ' Salt. "Sale, this I/land might make great quantities, 
 there being already 3 good and very large Sale- 
 pends, containing neat 4000. Atres of ground ; 
 but as yet they make no more then for their own 
 ufe: although there wasmadein one Year about 
 10909 Bufhels, and the manager thereof, Cap. Fo. 
 OWoye, did affirm that he could have made as many 
 Tuans if they had had Vent. og He 
 Saltpeter” —Salepecer hath been found in many parts. of the 
 Ifland.” . | | 
 Ginger. © Ginger grows better in this Ze, then in many 
 of the Carribbee Iflands: of which here is fufficien- 
 cy planted, — -— 
 Codd-pepper which is fo commonly ufed in all 
 the Weft Indies, grows plentifully here. 
 Piemente. ‘Piemente, or famaica Pepper,a {pice of the form 
 a of Eaft-India Pepper, very Aromatical, and of a 
 curious Gouffo, having the mixt talte of divers 
 Spices, grows here in great plenty, wild in the 
 Mountains. But the Spaniards did fet a high e- 
 fteem thereon, and exported it as a very choife 
 Commodity, as indeed it is ; and now it is begun 
 tobe planted by the Exglifh, and will become a 
 good Commodity. ‘ 
 Drugs © Dragsare here in great abundance, as Gusacum, 
 ~  * China-Roots,Safapbarilla Caffia Fiftula,T amerinds, 
 > Vinillos, Achiots or Anetto, which is like to prove a 
 Guming good Commodity, fereare alfo diversGums, and 
 "Roots, wherewith expériencéd Planters’ do cure 
 many Hurts, Ulcers, and Diftempers of the Body. 
 And by'the report of an intelligent Doftor, which 
 made it his bufinefs ‘to fearch after fuch things, 
 here ave likewife (oxtrayerna, Cyperm, Aloes , 
 Ajole Pig, Adjuntum, Nicrum, Cucumis Ag refi, 
 
 Cod-Pep- 
 per. 
 
 e 
 
 wiioy 28 2 E 3 es o x % 
 S41 ACH. 
 
 Pars a i 
 
 o 
 
“Famaica. 5. 
 
 Sumach, Acacia, Mifelto, with many other Drugs, 
 
 ‘Balfoms and Gums, whofe names are not known, 
 
 “or remémbred : but the Planters begin to be more 
 expertinthefe Drugs, and endeavour to encreafe 
 them, and fupply Exgland therewith. } 
 
 ochaneil is produced by a Plaw that grows in Cocha- 
 
 _ this Z/le, butas yet the Exglifh want.experience neil. 
 to husband it ; eafterly wads, and many other 
 things being Enemies to its growth, befides the 
 
 difficulty of making it. 
 
 Thefe withfome others are the Commodities 
 that this Jfand produceth, which if well impro- 
 ved, would foon become the beft, and Richeft 
 Plantation that ever the Engh{h were, ( or are 
 like to be ) Matters of. 
 
 I thall in the next place give you an Account of 
 the management of a Cocao walk, with a calculati- 
 of its (offs, and Profits as it was lately eftimated 
 by a Judicious and great Encourager of the 
 Planters, who communicated the Obfervations 
 thereupon unto me. 
 
 Direttions about a (ccao Walk, 
 
 Firft, take up 5 or 600. eferes? 
 of Land, whichbefure.choofeinag fs. 
 
 good place proper to produce wb oo 6 
 
 (oca0, which will colt for the Sar- 
 weying and Patents 
 
 For 3 Negro men, and as many ¢ rat 
 
 Negro women at 20l. per head , 
 For 4.,.White-Servants, with their ¢ | | 
 080 9 
 
 paflage and Dyet for a year 
 
 For20 Axes; 20 Bills, and ae! cos oO 
 Hoos for them. 
 is i: B 4, For 
 
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 Dat 
 
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 Cs Sg Ae Ra Eo 
 re ecemnsashesreaearas eam: Samat 
 
 . per Month. 
 
 : Jamaica. 
 For 6. Negroes Dyet, for Six months 
 at2s. per Day, untill you have fome’ 
 provifions Growz in your Plantation. 
 
 Foran Overfeer to look after the Ser-) ds. 
 wants , forhisWagesand Diet at 4@ s.% 
 
 In all 257 § 
 
 And forthe employing thefe Servants in your 
 Plantation as followeth : fuppofing them to Land, 
 and te be ‘on the Plantation the firit of AZarch, and 
 that they have by the «middle: of that month ( as 
 they may very eafily ) cleared a convenient place, 
 and built fitting houfeing for the lodging them, 
 ‘Then put them to falling,: cleaning , and planting 
 a Potato peece of 4.eAcres,whichten hands will ve- 
 ry welldo bythe middle: of eApril + after this, 
 ‘you may clean, and plant with ‘Rue and Plantin- 
 Trees, untill the laft of February, whichis above 
 110 Months ; in which.time they may with eafe 
 have cleanfed and planted 21. Acres, befides 
 keeping them clean. which are Planted, arid are 
 ftilla planting ;: and in this time; which com- 
 
 “pseats the Year, you may be full of Potatoes and 
 
 Corn, and within2. eWMonths of the new Fear, 
 with Plantias, anda {tock of Hoggs, and Fowls; 
 fo that you will beat no more charge for provifions 
 for your Servants. And then to keep this clean, 
 and to Plan¢the Co¢ao Walk, and for five more 
 LVegro Men, ands. Negro-Women tobuy about 
 the firit of AZareh following , at 29/, per Negroe, 
 
 comes toaz0o0/. | oe ait Marttitcastie | 
 ‘i And in that: Afonth you will have planted Cocao- 
 Tyees out Of the Nuts, or Seed, betwixt afl the 
 Hows Of heP amine Trees, that ave 6, Faophigh 3 
 
 9 Tae Sab at HE ce kaahend 3 oy 
 
 ig 
 
 yy eet 
 
Jamaica 
 fo that by the firlt of Fume, the whole 21 “Acres 
 that were Planted the laft Year, willbe fullofCo- 
 cao-Trees , andby thattime you will have ( be. 
 fides much other work done ) 21 Acres of (ocao- 
 Trees, inthe ground; which in lefsthen'4. years, 
 from the Planting, will begin to bear Cods, and 
 ina year after, produce compleat Cropps. And 
 according to experience, an Acre doth produce 
 every year about 1000. pound Weight’; which at 
 ‘Famaica is worth 4l; per Cent. which for the 2r, 
 Acres, doth amount unto 8401. per. Aun, Al- 
 though this laft year, by reafon their Cropps were 
 blaited, itisat ‘prefentfar dearer, the Hundred 
 weight at London being now wotth 18. pound Ster- » 
 ling.” , Be Bierce. 
 The charges of gathering and houfeing the Co- 
 cao, isinconfiderable , only Cloths or Baggs to 
 ‘putit in, which with fome other incident charges, 
 may be reckoned at the moft ( as all things elfe 
 “have been ) to Amount to 4.2.1. 15.8. more, which 
 “makes up juit s00. J. WORT SF 3 
 Note, thatallthisthat is Planted, is done in 
 is. months, and the Cocao bears not compleatly 
  untilthe fixth year from the firft beginning, or 
 comming; fo that’ you will have four years and 
 nine months at liberty wih your Servants, either 
 to encreafe the Cocao-Walk,, building of convent- 
 -‘enthoufes, and making ot Gardens for pleafure’ 5 
 or elfe you may fall'on Ginger, Indico, or fome 
 other-Commodity fox prefent profit, which perhaps 
 may be nece {lary for fuch as cannot‘ forbear their 
 Money, untillthe Cocao-Walk, doth come to pere 
 fection as aforefaid * after which, you will finde cz, ; 
 - fufficient profit asis expreft, Sicknefs , Mortali- yanis, 
 ty, andrunning away Excepted, Yet it cannot: © 
 be expeied , but that as the Jfland encreafeth 
 in thiy Cogmodey, they mult fomeewhat abate the 
 | is prefent 
 
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 prefent price, and content themfelves with @ 
 more moderate Gain, 
 
 And according to this Calculation proportiona- 
 bly a greater or lefler Cocao-Wask may be under- 
 taken , and performed. 
 
 Their Cattle. 
 
 In this [fle are greater abundance of Cattle then 
 
 in molt.of the Gzglifh Plautations in America 3 as 
 
 Horfes! Adorfes , which are here fo plentiful , thata good 
  - lorxfemmay be bought for 6 or 7 /. 
 
 Their Cows are.very large, and fo numerous, 
 that although there hath been every Year fo ma- 
 ny Killed, yet their number feemeth not much to 
 be leffened. 
 
 ‘Aegroes, Affwegroes and CAules ( both wild and Tame ) 
 Mules. ate verymany, which.are found to be very fer- 
 viceableto the Inhabitants. 
 Sheep. Theit Sheep are large, andtall, and their Flefh 
 good, but their Wool is long, hairy and little 
 worth. 
 Goats. — Goats aremany, which thrive exceedingly well, 
 the Countrey being very fit for them. 
 Hoggs. © #deggs are here in exceeding great plenty, as 
 well thofe. wildin the’ «Wountaius, as tame in 
 the Planteriens, whofe Flefh is far better tafted, 
 and more nourifhing and eafier tobe digefted then 
 thofeof Exuglazd; which is thereafon that itis fo 
 mucheatenin this J/land ; as indeed throughout 
 the Weft-Indies. 
 
 Cows: 
 
 Their Fifh. 
 
 Excellene “his Ifland hath both in the Rivers, Bayes, 
 Gihingreat Roades 5 and Crecks, very excellent Fifh, and in 
 plenty. . fuchabundance that it contributes much to the 
 mY tes Be Pot ee 
 
 CALM G) Da Sadi be 2 a 
 
Famaica, — ee 
 feeding of the Imbabitants ; and thofe that frequent 
 this J/le, fay, that they have few or none of thofe 
 fortscommon to usin England , but fuch great 
 
 - Variety of thofe appropriated to the Indies, that 
 it would be too tedious to. Repeat the names of 
 them, iftheywere known or Remembred. - 
 
 The principal fortis the. Tortocfe, which they Tortoile; 
 
 take plentifully on the Coa? 5 and about 26. of ss 
 30. Leagues to the Leeward of Port Negril, by 
 the Ifles of Camavos, inthe months of Aay, une, 
 and Fuly, do refort great ftore of Ships from the 
 Carribbee Ifles, to Vittual and Load with this Fifh, 
 it being reputed to be the wholfomeft and bef 
 provifionin allthe Zudzes. us 
 
 Their é owls. 
 
 Here are very great plenty of tame Hezs, Great va- | 
 Turkies, and fome Ducks; but of wild Fowl infi- riety of 
 nitettore, as Dacks, Teale, Wigen, Geefe, Tur- Tame and 
 keys , Pigeons, Guine-Hens, Plovers, Flemungo's, barat 
 Snipes, Parats, Parachetos, with very many o- 
 thers, whofe names arenot known. -_ 
 
 The Fruits, 
 
 There are great plenty of choife and excellent Excellent 
 Fruitsinthis Iflsnd, as Oranges, Pome-granates, *vits- 
 
 » Cocar-Nuts, Limes, Guavars, eMammes, Alna 
 mee-Supotas, Suppotillias, Avocatas, Gafhanes , 
 Prickle-eA ples, Prickle-Pears, Grapes, Sower-Sops, 
 Guftard-Aples, Dildowes, and: many ethers whofe 
 names are not known, or too *edious to name, 
 befides Plantasns, Pines , &c. | 
 
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 Difeafes 
 
 a —Famaica. 
 Their Herbs, and Roots. 
 
 ~ ‘Bere likewife grows very well, all manner of 
 - Summer-Gardén ‘Herbs and Roots common to us int 
 
 . Plerbs aad England, as Radifh, Lettis, Purfeley, Cucumbers 
 
 Roots,  ¢Aelons, Parley, Pot-herbs, alfo Beans, Peafe, 
 Cabbages, Colly.F lowers, &c. Eas 
 
 Their Difeafes. 
 
 Famaice Uthathbeen experimentally found, that there 
 vey ignofuch Antipathy betwixt the conftitutions of 
 Realehful, the Englifh, and this clime, for the occafioning 
 Sicknefs to be Mortal or Contagious, more than 
 in other parts ; for ifa good Dyet , and moderate 
 Exercifes are ufed, without excefs of Drizking, 
 they may enjoy a competent meafure of Health. 
 Sat The Difeafes that Strangers are moft incident 
 dtrangers | geht 
 aemog t0> ate Dropfies ( occafioned often by ill diet, drun- 
 fabje  Rennefs, and floatbfulne/s )Calentures too frequent- 
 unto. fy the product of Surfits, alfo Feayers, and Agues, 
 | which although very troublefome’, yet are fel- 
 
 dome Mortal. 
 
 And the reafon of the great Mortality of the 
 Army, at their firft arrival, was their want of pra- 
 Vifions, together with an unwillingnefs to labour 
 or exercife, joyned with difcontent. ; 
 
 Hurifull Things. 
 
 There are upon this J/land, very few obnoxi- 
 ous Beaftss Infetts, or Plants. iges 
 Mischo- Here isthe Afanchonele, which is a kind of a 
 nce. Crab , focommon in all the Carribbee Ifles. 
 Shakes, Here are Sxakes, and Guianas, but.no poyfon- 
 Kinjinas, ouvquality isobfervedinthem, 
 ; ci Abe Cele aR hee fa 
 
| Famaica. 
 
 { 
 
 Inmany of the Revers , and Land-Ponds, ate 
 2 Alligas 
 
 ‘Alligators, which are very voracious Creatures 
 4 
 
 ie ie ~ 
 
 yet feldome do they prey upon a Man, as being rors. 
 
 very eafie to be avoided, for he can only move 
 
 forwards, andthat he doth with great Swiftnefs. 
 and Strength, and is as flow in turning, Some 
 
 are 10. 1§, or 20 footlong, their backs are fcaly 
 and impenetrable , fo that they are hardly to be 
 Killed , except in the Belly or Eye. They have 
 four Feet or Finns with which they go or fwim. 
 They are obferved to make no kind of Noife - 
 and the ufual courfe for the getting their prey , 
 
 is to lie onthe banks of Rivers , and as any Beat. 
 
 or Fowl cometh to drink, they fuddenly feize on 
 them; andthe rather, forthatthey do fo much 
 refemble a long peece of dry wood , or fome dead 
 thing. And asthefe dilegators are thus obnoCtious 
 on the one hand, foare they found to be ufeful on 
 the other, for their Fat is a Sovereign Oynement for 
 any internal Ach or Painin the Foyzts, or Bones, 
 They have in them AZusk:codds, which are fironger 
 fented then thofe of the Ea/?-Indies, and by this 
 their {trong fmell, they are difcovered , and a- 
 voided; which ‘tis fuppofed the Cattle by in- 
 ftinct of Nature, are alfofencible of, and do by 
 that means oftenfhun them. They lay &ggs in 
 the Sand by the water-fide, whichare no bigger 
 than a 7 urkeys, which they cover, andby the heat 
 of the Suz, the young ones, are hatched, who 
 naturally creep into the water,. 
 
 Here are alfo eAMuskettoes and Merry-wings, 
 a fort of flinging Fices that are troublefome in 
 
 the Englifh Plantations, 
 
 Tuer 
 
 Musker- 
 tot 
 7) Merry~. 
 fome parts of the J/le, but are feldome found in wings, 
 
| 
 Al 
 eal 
 ; 
 i 
 a 
 ag 
 ; 
 mh 
 % 
 a) 
 a Se 
 
 if 
 
 — Famaica. 
 Their Harbours, Roads, and Bays. 
 
 This Zand abounds with good Bays, Roads, 
 and Flarbiurs:, the Principal among whick are. 
 
 P oft-Royal, formerly: called Cagway, fituate 
 of the extream end of that long peint-of Land 
 which makes the Harbour, which is exceeding 
 commodiotis for Shipping , and fecured by one of 
 thé ftrongeit and moft confiderablé Caftles that his 
 Majefty hath in all America, im which are mount- 
 ed about 60 peécés of Ordnance , and is well 
 guarded with Souldiérs. It is land-Yock’t by a point - 
 of Lad that tuns 12 thilés Sov#b-Eajft from the 
 thain of the Z/land, having the great River that 
 runs by Lis efxgelos, atid St. Fago falling into it, 
 where Ships do commonly water, and convenient- 
 ly wood, The arbour is 2. of 3. Leagues crofs in 
 mott places ; and hath every where good -dacho- 
 vage, whichis fo déép, that a Stip of & 1000 
 T#nn may lay her fides to the thore of the Pon, 
 and Idad , and unload with planks a Float: which 
 commodioufnefs , doth make it to be the moft fre- 
 quented by AZea of War, ahd Iderchants Ships of 
 any in the Z/and, and as much Inhabited by the 
 Merchants , Store-hofe-keepers, Vinrners, and — 
 eAlehnufe-keepers, beihg the only noted place Of 
 Trade in the [les and doth contain € fince the 
 Englifh became Mafters of it )about 800. Honfes, 
 being about 12 miles and a half in léngth ..and the 
 houfes are as dear-rented as if they ftood it well- 
 traded Streets in Londoa , yet it’s firuationis very 
 unpleafant and unconimodious , having neither 
 Earth, Wood, or Frefh water, but only thade up 
 of a hot loofe Sand, and being thus populous, 
 and fo much frequented, as well by Strangers, as 
 by the Planterss in the negotiation of thei Affairs 
 ; ag 
 
Famaiea, ~ 
 as being the feale of Trade, Provifions are very 
 dear. This Towz or Portis féated about 12 miles 
 from the %Letropolit an Town of the Tflaud called 
 St. Fago, or St. Fago de la vega, or the Spaniflr 
 Town ; of which I hall treat anon, 4" : 
 
 Port- Morant in the Eaftern Point } 4 very Cas 
 pacious and fecure Harbour, where Ships do Con- 
 veniently Wood, Water, and Ride fafe from the 
 Windes , and about this place isa potent. Colony | 
 of the Englih feated. te en 
 
 Old Harbour Weltwatds , from St: Fago, & 
 good Bay for Ships to ride in. | 
 
 Point-Negril in the extream Wefferz Point, 
 very good and fufficiently convenient, and, fecure 
 to windward,in which Men of War do often ply, 
 when they look for the Spanifh Ships, wheticé'a 
 little Worth-weft, was feated the Old town of Avex 
 Lilla, founded by Columbus, after the fhipwrack: 
 there; which was the rft place that the Spaniards: 
 | fetled at, and afterwards deferted, © Nes 
 
 Lort- Antonio feared onthe North, avery fafe 
 fand-lock’t Harbour, only the Coming in is. fome- 
 what difficult, the Channel being narrowed by a: 
 little Z/lend that lies off the mouth of the Port, be- 
 ing wholly taken up by the Right Honourable ,. 
 Charles Varl of Carlile, Vile. Howard of Aor- 
 peth, Lord Dacresot Gilfand , Lord Lieutenant 
 of the Counties of Cumberland and Weltmerland,, 
 and one of the Lords of his Majelties molt Ho. 
 nourable Privy Council, gc, 
 |. Here are. leven: good Bays, and Har- 
 | bours, along the’@oa/t of this Tfland, the names 
 of which are fet down in the Map, amongtt which 
 thefe are very comhmodious.and good, viz, 
 
 fin 
 
inthe South-patt. 
 ‘Michaels Hole. a 
 | fMacary Bay. 
 Allegator Pont. ; CG ak oe 
 Point Pedro. L All very|good and Com- 
 Pallate Bay. , -modious Bays for Ships. 
 hLewana Bay... : 
 blewfeilds Bay. 
 Cabaritaes Bay. 3 
 Inthe North-part. 
 Porto- Maria. ees 
 Ora Cabeffa | meee oe 
 Cold-Harbour. All very good Bays for 
 Rio-Nova. | r Shipping. 
 Montega- Bay. | 
 Orang-B ay. ag 
 The Towns. 
 
 Ste Fago. 
 
 Bhar « 
 gt 
 
 Famaics. 
 
 There are at prefent but three Towns of confi- 
 derable Note inthe Ifland, towit. =. 
 St. Fago, ot St. Fago de-lavega feated 6 Ailes 
 within the Land North-Weft, in a Plain, by 4 
 River , and about 12. miles from. Port-Royal al- 
 ready treated of which makes another of the 
 3 Towns. This town of St. Fage when the Spa- 
 niards were Matters of the L/le, was a large City, 
 and of great Account , cont fing about 2000 
 Houfes , and for divine Worfhip , had 2 Chuirch- 
 es, 2 Chappels, and an Abbey; which when the 
 Englifb frit took the Ifle (under the conduct of 
 General enables) were deftroyed to about 4 or 
 soo Houfes, and its Churches and Chappels to @ 
 
 seit Ns ee, 
 
| 7 Jamaica. | i? 
 fe wernumber, and thofe thar remained were fuf. 
 ficiently Spoiledand haraced. But fince the En- 
 glifh have madea fettlement, this Town is now of - 
 confiderable account ; where the Gevernonr refi- 
 
 _ deth, and where the chief Courts of Indicature are 
 
 held, which makes it to be well refortéd unto, 
 and Inhabited; fo that mof of its ruinous Foufes 
 are in a fair way of being repaired, and in hopes 
 to arrive toa greater largenes then formerly it was, 
 here being feveral fair and well built Aonjes: and 
 the Izhabztants live in great Pleafure, where they . 
 have their Havana, in which the better fort recre- 
 ate themfelves every evening in their (caches, or 
 onhorfe-back, as,the Gentry do here in Aisde 
 ae 
 
 Paffage feated on the mouth of the River, fix 
 miles, diftant from St. 7%ago, and as. many from 
 Port-Royal, where there are about 20 Honfes, built 
 for the conveniency of going to Port-Royal ; and 
 here isa Fort raifed by the Englifh, the better to 
 fecure the fame. 
 
 In the time of the Spaniards, here were feveral 
 other Towns which are now of no Account ; of 
 which faid Towas, thefe three following were of 
 molt note, viz, 
 
 Sevilla feated on the North part of the J/land, Sevilla: 
 once beautified with a Collegiate-Church, whofe 
 chief bore the title of Abbot : amongft whom was 
 Peter —Adartyr, who defcribed the Hiftory of the 
 Weft- Indies by Decates. 
 
 | cMellilafeated in the North Eaft, where Co- yye7;14. e 
 
 ~ bambus mended his {hips at his return from Veragua, 
 
 _ where he was néar Ship-wracke, 
 
 Orifta regards the South-fea, in which are many Ovifta. 
 Rocks, and amongft their Banks, fome J/les, as 
 Servavilla, Quitofvena, and Serrana, where Au- 
 
 _ gflin Pedro Serrana \oft his Veffel, and faved on!v 
 
 a aa C himfelf, 
 
14 Pre- 
 cinéts.or 
 
 Famaica. 
 
 himfelf, and here in afolitary and lone Condition 
 pafled away 3 Years; at the end of which time he 
 had the company of a Marriner for 4. Years more, 
 that was likewife there Ship-wrackt, and alfo alone 
 faved himfelf. 
 
 Andalthough there are for the prefentno more 
 Towns, yet the 2/land is divided into 14 Precinils, 
 
 Parithesin Divifions, or Parifhes, which are fet forthin the 
 
 the Ifle. 
 
 See in the 
 
 Mapp- 
 
 «Map; many of which faid Precéntts are well In- 
 babited by the Englifh, where they have very good 
 Plantatiozs, efpecially all the fouthern part from 
 Point- Moraat inthe Eaft, almoft to Point-Negrillo 
 inthe Weft, fo far as the ridge or chain of e#Zoun+ 
 tains that runneth in the midit of the J/le ; nor are 
 its Northern Parts, (efpecially near unto the Sea ) 
 without Inbabitazts and Plawtations, though not ' 
 fothick as South-wardly about St. Fago, but of. | 
 late have much encreafed. And for the better fa- 
 tisfying the Reader, the Parts throughout the 
 Tfland where the Englifh have made their fettle- 
 
 ments, are Marked and diftinguithed in the Aap } 
 by Cyphers. | 
 
 Icannot certainly affirm the number of the Ez- - 
 glifh in this Z/le, but according toa furvey taken 
 and returned into England fome Years fince, each’ 
 Preciné, or Parifh contained as followeth. 
 
Famaica, , 
 
 ‘A general Account of the Precintts, or Pavifhess 
 Families, and Inhabitants iv Jamaica, taken by 
 Sir Thomas Modiford, whew Governour. 
 
 Parifhes. Families. ° Inhabitants. 
 
 Port-Royal 500 gg00, | The 
 St. Katherines 658 6270 Names of 
 eee ie Pre 
 oe POCES baelciohetl 996 —cin&s or 
 St. Andrews. 194, 1952 Parishes in 
 St. Davids o80 960. ~—sthe fle. 
 St. Thomas OF9 : 49@ 
 
 Clarendon 143 1430 
 
 1714 1§298 
 
 Note, that the Four Parifhegon the Worth-(ide 
 of the Jfle; to wit, St. George's, St. Adaries, St, 
 Annes, and St. fames, as alfo the Leeward molt 
 Parith called St. Ekzeberb, together with thefe 
 twohot named, both adjoyning on St. Elizabeths 5 
 the one Eaftwards, and the other MNorthwards 5 
 was not as then fo particularly furveyed, by reas 
 fon of theirdiftance, and new fetslements, never- 
 thelefsthey were found according to Calculation, 
 to amount to about.2006 Jubabitants, But, all 
 thefe parts, as alfo thofe feven aforenamed are 
 now exceedingly encreafed, being fuppofed to be 
 
 | encteafed'to double, -if not teble the, number, 
 | And the great encouragement of gaining Riches, 
 With a pleafantlife; doth invite every year abun- 
 dance of People to Inhabité here, quitting their 
 concerns at ‘Barbadoes; and other our American 
 Plantations; fo chat ina {hort time without doubt 
 it will become the moft potent and tichelt Piaatae 
 sion in the Weft-Tudiess bow 
 pw eS And 
 
Tre Spa- 
 
 Famaics. 
 
 And befides the aforefaid number of Inbabitants 
 inthe faid v4.Precintts or Parifbes, there are rec- 
 koned to belong to the J/land, of T'rivateers, Hun- 
 ters, Sloopand Boatmes ( which ply about the Jie) 
 atthe leait 3000 luity. and ftout Fighting Men, 
 whofe courage hath been fufliciently evidenced in 
 their late exploit, and attempt made againit the 
 Spaniards at Panamas 
 
 Their. Lats 
 
 Their Laivs are alsmutlated ( as near as may be ) 
 to thofe of England, having their feveral Courts, 
 Magiftrates, and Officers for the executing of 
 Jultice on criminal Offenders, and the hearing 
 and deteryhination of Caufes or Controverfies be- 
 twixt party and party. 
 
 Having thus made a fort defctiption of the 
 Tfland, asto its Scituarions Fertility; Commodsties 
 Harbours, Towns, and Trecintts, with an eittmate 
 of the fumber of its Zvbabicanrs : inthe next place, 
 I thall give you the ftate of the J/le, when the 
 Spaniards were pofleffo s thereof ; and wind up 
 my difcourfe with fome feafonable confiderations 
 réjating to the Englifh Affairs in eM merica, with 
 reafons to jultifie the firft defign in taking it, and 
 why his AZaje/ty fhould keep and fupport it. And 
 of thefe in order, 
 
 ‘The flace of the Spaniards in this Ipand. 
 The Spaniards firlt fetled on the North-wef part 
 
 niards Fick of the fle, under the Conduct of Columbus, and 
 ferlement. built the Town of eMellila, but dilliking the Sci- 
 
 {uation, removed to Oriffana ; and finding that al- 
 foto beill: feated,; and unhealthful, again remo- 
 ved, andfetled arSt. Jago, or St. Jagode la vegas 
 
 : 7S whereg 
 
ee Jamaica. 21 
 where, with the affiltance of the Jvdians, they 
 builta fair Town or City, which I have already 
 | freatedof. Andin this Towz Inhabited all the Spa- 
 _ niards that were inthe J/le at the Landing of the 
 | Englifh, keeping their ilaves at their feveral fmal! 
 Plantations, ox Stanchas, who failed not to bring 
 them itore of Fruits and Provifions, which they 
 Juxurioufly fpencin their houfes, never intending 
 any thing but to live at eafe and plenty : For on this yp, Spa- 
 large and fertile J/land, there was no Afanufatlure niards in- 
 or Commodity made, excepta little Sagar, To-clined to 
 _ -bacce, and (ocao, and thofe few Ships’ that lene. 
 _ gamehither, traded generally for Hides, Tallom, 
 fAamaica P epper,and Cocao,but not toany confide- 
 rable account. And the number of Inhabitants 
 did not exceed 3000, of which, half (if not more) 
 were Slaves. And the reafon why it was fo thinly 
 peopled, was, becaufe the Spaniards generaily 
 defire to be in Nova Hifpana, or Hifpaniola; but 
 chiefly, becaufe this Z/le was held in proprieter- 
 fhip, by theheirs of the Duke of Veragua-Colum- 
 bus, who received the Revenues,and placed Gover- 
 mours, as abfolure Lord of it. Andat the firlt, it 
 was planted by a kind of Porrugals, the fociety of 
 whom, the Spaniards abhors., 
 Upon the approach of the Exglifh- Army after 
 their landing, the Jvbabitants of St. Fago deferted 
 the Towz, and betook themfelvesto the eMoenz- 
 tains, pretending a Treaty with the Exgifh, un- 
 till fuch time as they had fecured their women and 
 _ goods, andthen did they make feveral attempts, 
 and upon furprifals, murthered many of the Ex- 
 glifh; but the Spaniards foon. growing weary of 
 that wild and mountainous courfe of Life, percei- 
 ving fmall hopes of expelling the Engii(h, divers 
 of the Grandees got into (uba, who by the Vice- Roy 
 of Alexico's order, werecommanded back, with 
 
 9 a 
 
 3 
 
 —-~ 
 
22 
 
 Fataica. 
 a ptomife ofa fpeedy and confiderable fupply of 
 men; upon which they returned, fomwhat en- 
 couraged, and difperfedthemfelves by Families, 
 that they might the better get provifions, and avoid 
 the being difcovered by the Exglifh 5 but this ne- 
 ceffitous and unufual courfe of life, killed many 
 of them, and difcouraged the reft; for that in all 
 this time there came to their fuccour, but soo 
 Sculdiers, and thofe refufed to joyn with them, as 
 being fo few and fickly ; fo that they marched 
 back to the North of the J/land, and ata placecal- | 
 led St.Chereras, did fortify themfelves, every 
 day expeCting a new body of Men to joyn with 
 them: But the Ezglifh difcovering their quarters, 
 marched again{t them. Some few months after, 
 about 30 {mall Companies of the Spanifh Forces 
 arrives, and immediately very ftrongly. Fortify . 
 Rio Nova, having Ordinance, and and great {tore 
 of Ammunition, yet were they fpeedily and fucces- 
 fully defeated by the Vatour of the Exglijh under 
 the conduct of Leiutenant General Ed. D’oyley, 
 And this grand difalter, with many petty ill fuc- 
 ceffes caufed the Spaniards todefpair of regaining © 
 the J/land, and to fhip off moft of their Plate and 
 women; andthe WVegroes finding the greatelt part 
 oftheir Maftersto be dead, killedthe Goveruour, 
 and declined all obedience to the Spaniards, ap> 
 pointing a Black for their Governour. And fuch 
 was the neceflity of the Spaniards, that inflead of 
 Giving them fitting correction, they were con- 
 {trained to Court them for their affiftance ; but all 
 their policy would not prevail upon. them, for 
 joon after did they’ fubmit to the Exglifh Govern- 
 ment, and made difcoveries of the Spaniards and 
 Negroes that would pot come in withthem, and 
 did further agit the Englifh in the taking of them, 
 in which they have been exceeding fuccesfal, 
 
 In 
 
 &ik 
 
- Famaica. ms (23 
 
 In the year following, the Spaniards quite de- 
 
  ferted the J/land, exceptit were about 30 or 40 of 
 their flaves, who betook themfelves to the AZoun- 
 tains, but being afraid of a Difcovery, and to be 
 
  purfued to Death for fome Adurthers they had 
 committed, built themfelves (meas, and in them 
 fled to:(uba, and never fince hath any confiderable 
 attempt been made upon-them. 
 
 The Englifh being thus become Matters of the 
 Ifland, formed themfelves into a Body, or Colo- 
 ny : Then did they begin to. fettle themfelves in 
 Plantations, whiltt others betook themfelves to the 
 Sea as Privateers, the better to fecure them- 
 felvesagainit the Spaniards, and force them to a 
 peace by their frequent annoying them, in feizing 
 fuch their thips which they could meet with, 
 which proved very fuccesful unto them. And this 
 caufed the Ile to be much talked of, and had in e- 
 fteem by the Exglifb, who fent them fupplies of 
 Men, Provifions, and neceffaries, And thus by lit- 
 tle and little it became to be fo potent as now itis. 
 
 Some Confiderations that may induce hts Majefty to 
 keep, preferve, and fupport thiz Ifland, 
 
 1. Jamaica is large, and capacious, whofe ex’ ; Config, 
 tent Ihave already noted ; fo thatit is capable of 
 receiving very great numbers of People. 
 
 2: It is feated in the heart of the Spaniards Ame- , conca 
 yican Territories; fothat the Spaxifh fhips coming 2 
 into the We/t-Indies, and failing from Port to Port, 
 either make this I/le, or may be immediately met 
 by the Ships which ply on the (af, which ren- 
 ders it to be of great importance to us, as well as 
 to the Spaniards-: for all the Plate Fleet which 
 comesfrom Carthagena, fteer directly from St. 
 Domingo in Hifpanila, and from thence mult pafs 
 
 2 C 4 by 
 
 \ 
 
ae Fauaica. 
 by one of the Ends of this //le to recover Havanay 
 whichis the common Rendezouze of the Armadd, 
 before it returns home through the Gulph of Flori- 
 da, Nor isthere any other way whereby to mifs 
 this //le, becaufe they cannot in a reafonable time 
 turn itupto the windward of Hifpaniolz, which, 
 though with sreat difficulty, it might be done, yet 
 by this means they would lofe the fecuriry of the 
 faid united Fleer, which meet at Havana, from 
 allpartsofthe Bay of A¢exico, Nombre de dios, 
 and elfewhere, and fo accompany each other 
 home. ph dies 
 3. Confid, 3. Jzmaicais found to precede all the Exglifh 
 Plantations in eA meriea, inthe very Commoazties 
 that are proper to their feveral Colonies, and pro- 
 duceth alfo of its own, (oca0, Hides,Tortoife fhells, 
 Wood for Dycrs, Gums, Drusgs, and other Com- 
 modities already treated of ; and for Fruits, Fowl 
 and Fifb, infinite ftore, many of which are un- 
 known untothem, Likewife, fuch abundance of 
 Horfes, and Cows, that none other of the Englifh 
 Plantations can equalize them. ! 
 , . And as this J/lznd is found thus advantageous in 
 “ah ae the furnithing us with fuch good (ommodsties, fo 
 Imported, 1S it no lefs profitable in the taking off our AZann- 
 and its’ fattures, and Commodities, as well of the product 
 drade, of this Kingdom, as thofe from Forreign parts. 
 That is to fay; all forts of Stuffs , Fabricks of 
 Silks, Linnex both fineand courfe, Hates, Gloves, 
 Thread, Tape, Pinns, Needles, Stockings, Shoos, 
 all forts of Apparel; Wine, Brandy, Strong-Beer, 
 All forts of Wrezfils of Iron, ‘and ‘other  Aetrals 
 for Carpenters, Foyners, Smiths , Coopers, Mill- 
 wrights, and other the like Tradefmen, that are 
 found ufeful for the Planters fervice.- Alfo, Iron, 
 Brafs, C pper, Steel, Lead and Finn unwrought ; 
 All forts of ed rmes ind « Lamanition:: Alfo, Ser- 
 : oe ae RR aed i 7... Yantsy 
 
 sc 
 
Famsicde ’ 26 
 wants, and Negro-Slaves : And in a word, all ~ 
 (Commodities that are neceflary, and ufeful either 
 for the Back or Belly, arehere Vendible. Andis 
 here obferved, that the better the Commodities are 
 Cefpecially Apparel and Orzaments for the Back ) 
 the fooner and better are they Vended. 
 
 4. It appears to bea place of no fmall concern- 4. Confid. 
 ment, for it hath not only fubfifted at the begin- 
 ning, but bettered its condition, being fetled by 
 ari Army ( the worft kind of people to plant ) that 
 have had {uch grand difcouragements from Eng- 
 land, as want of pay, provifiows, and recruits of 
 ‘Alen 5 yet amongit themfelves talked of all en- 
 couragements to Plant, the eftablifhment of 
 Fuftice and Government, befides the frequent ar- 
 tempts of the Spanifh Forces ; and if it thus thri- 
 vedunder thefe, and fuch like confiderable ob- 
 frudctions, it ismore then probable, it will in a 
 fhort time become a ‘great and profitable Colony 
 both to the King and Kingdom ; for when well 
 planted, it may-bring iato his Majeity fome hun- 
 dred thonfand pounds per eAanum. Barbadoes 
 ( which fs fo little compared tothis ) yeilding a- 
 bout 100001, per Annum, and employing about 
 150 or 200 Sail of Ships yearly. 
 
 Ҥ. This fland being fo.large and fo fertile, it 5, Contd, 
 is capable of the receiving thofe great numbers o 
 people,that are forced to defert the Caribbee Ifles = 
 Their Plantations being worn out, and their woods 
 watted ; as likewife thofe multitudes of Vagrants 
 and Beggars that arefo greata charge and fhame 
 tothe Kingdom, if Tranfported thither, ( would 
 by their labours ) live both honeftly, and plenti- 
 fully ; here being obferved to be no beggars, nor 
 fiich loofe Vagabond people. Je ate 
 ' 6. This J/and being well fetled, willbe capa- ¢~ Conga; 
 ‘ble of it felf fo carry on a War againit the 2 A a ee 
 AB am Oe Oe MANO a oo gal a nsaras 
 
5 
 
 | F amuaied. 
 
 niards inthe Weft-Indies ( as occafion requireth ) 
 becaufe of the conveniencies of its Ports, and its 
 ftrength of Izhabitanes and Shipping, having al- 
 ready about 20 or 30 Sayl of Prsvateers; and will 
 dna fhort time be fo numerous and potent, that 
 they will become fo obnoxious to the Spaniards, - 
 
 , that probably they will rather admit of a Trade 
 
 into his Ports ( which would prove a grand ad- 
 vantage both to them, and this Kingdom ) than 
 fuffer fo difadvantageous a War. And having 
 thus forced a Trade, would gain the acquain- 
 tance of the Watives, and learn their Cuffomes, 
 and method of Trade, being much inclined to love 
 the Engli(h rather than the Spaniards. 
 
 7 Confd. 7. Famaica feems to be approved above any 
 
 of the other Plantations, inregard fo many from 
 all the Exglifh Collonyes have Tranfported them- 
 
  felves and their Effates toit, wholike it fo well, 
 that they have nocaufe or defire toremove. 
 
 % Confd, 8. There isnowa confiderable progrefs made 
 
 a a ns 
 
 in the fetling of this J/le, there being upon it many 
 Plantations of Cocao, Sugar, Indico, Cotton, and 
 Provifions ; and Inhabited with many thoufand of 
 people. The Planters (for the generality ) now 
 living in great delight, and enjoy all things necef- 
 fary for Food and Rayment in a liberal meafure ; 
 and were it well Inhabited, it would very much 
 confumethe Englifh Adanufattures, and encou- 
 rage Navigation and Marchandize, 
 
 ». Confde® 9 Itcannot be imputed: a difadvantage, that 
 
 Iamaica \yeth fo far off, for thereby are more 
 Ships employed; and by confequence, more Say- 
 lors, Shipwrights, Ropemakers , and many other 
 “Tradesmen. maintained , whofe dependance is 
 thereon, Furthermore, ifitiay not fo far, we 
 could not expect fuch Commodities as it pto- 
 duceth, being appropriate to the Clyme ; neither 
 
 LS 
 3 
 
| F amaica. , O97 
 
 is it a {mall advantage to have fuch Commodities 
 
 within his AZejeffies Dominions (though at a di- 
 fiance ) that are both valued and needed by his 
 Subjetts and Neighbours, -efpecially the (ocao. | 
 
 to. And laftly,- to conclude, ‘The Englifh have zo. Conf 
 
 one more confiderable advantage by this J/le, and deration, 
 that is, the Coa/t of Virginia, being fubject to i 
 sults of Winde, the Ships loaden with Goods and 
 Paffengers, have been often forced forth to Sea, 
 
 and fo difabled, that they could not ply to any of. 
 
 the outward Caribbee Iflands, but have been con- 
 
 ftrained to bear up, and put into the Spanifh Lee- 
 
 ward Ports; and likewile, fome of our eMer- 
 
 chants have been forced out of the Caribbee Ifles 
 
 ‘by Hurvicane’s ( whichare there common ) and 
 
 fo difabled, that they could not keep Sea, but 
 
 (as all fells thus dittreffed ) have put into fome 
 
 of the Spanifh Leeward Ports, where they have 
 
 always been made Prices. Now, Jamaica being 
 
 fo far Leeward, is a convenient Harbour for all 
 Veffelsthus diftrefled , and did fome few years 
 “fince fave Three Virginia Ships full of Paffengers 
 
 and Goods, and formerly others; as alfo fome dri- 
 
 ven by Hurricanes frou the Wind-ward Iflands : 
 
 All which, without the conveniency, and af-_ 
 fiftance of this Z/le, had perifhed. 
 
REASESLGAS ESS RaSh 
 PEEPLES SSE SSED SSE 
 
 : | 
 DESCRIPTION 
 OF 
 The ISLAND of 
 BoA RBADOES, 
 
 ARB ADOES the moft confiderable Co- 
 Be: the €xglfh hath amongft that 
 
 } 
 
 | 5 the Antilles, 
 
 Frye of Ifles called the Caribbee Ifles, of 
 
 Its Scituation, 
 
 Tis Scitua. ‘It is feated in the North Latitude of 13 degrees, 
 on. and 20 min. andalthough bur of a fmall cercuit, 
 
 3h 
 
 ( being accounted not above 8 Leagues in length, 
 and 5 in breadth where broadeit, being of an Oval 
 Form ) yer it is a potent. Colony, being able as 
 occafion requireth, to arm 10000 Fighting men, 
 which, with the ftrength that nature hath bettow- 
 edonit, itisabletobid defiance to the ftouteft 
 Foe, having been feveral times ( but in vain ) 
 faulted by the Spaniards. - : 
 
 ian cree eee Ris AS 
 a 
 Bi : Bok 
 
‘ 
 x 
 oe Mecgchs BPX 
 } a 
 x — 
 
 ~ > —_—- nx 
 ; SRR ne 
 
 iid, 
 
 . Wa Eowenabell-“” i 
 ». TadiawR 
 
 : 9, Mame erties Fore“ 
 Wags Stetichels Tore 
 Ere 
 
 3 . Willa bies Fort 
 
Burbadoess | ag. 
 
 Its Rivers. 
 
 _, This J/leis not over-plentifully watered with piverg 
 Rivers, or Frefh fprings, therebeing butonethat 
 may appropriate to it felf that Name, orrather a 
 Lake, which runneth not far into the Lasd; yet 
 notwith{tanding, the /zbabitants are not deftitute 
 thereof, for the Countrey lying low, and for the. 
 moft parteven, there are feveral Pools or Poxds ; 
 befides, molt Houfes have Wells or (ifterns which 
 - are always fupplyed with Rain-water. 
 Here isalfoa River, which the Inhabitants call 
 
 | the Tuigh-River, from the top of whofe water is 
 | gathered an Oyl, which ferveth them. to burn in 
 
 Lamps. Bc a 
 Its Fertility. 
 
 _. This [fle is exceeding Fertile bearing Crops all y,. pore: 
 the year long,and its Trees being always cloathed lity, 
 in their Summer Livery, and the Fields and Woods 
 in their Verdure, renders it very delightful to the 
 Inhabitants, But the two principal feafons of 
 the year for Planting, isin Ad¢ay, and November, 
 but the Sugar-Canes are planted all the year 
 sound, the making of which, is not only very 
 chargeable, but alfoas dangerous, and fubject to 
 cafualties, either in the Boyling-boxfe, with the 
 Coppers and Furnaces; inthe Filling-room, in the . 
 Still-bonfe, orin the Cureing-houfe. 
 
 Its Commodities, 
 
 _ The Commodities that this fle produceths ate ajnmo 
 Sugars; ( which though not fo white as thofe of ditics, ~ 
 Brazile, yet better when refined, being of a fai- 
 rer grain) Indico, Cotten, Wool, Ginger, Log- 
 
 Pee tee ere wo, 
 
5°  -Barbadoes. 
 
 : wood, Fuftick, and Lignum-vite. And thefé 
 Commodities, efpectally Sugar, Indico, Cotter, 
 ~ and Ginger, here arein fuch great abundance that 
 ‘about 200 fail of Sheps and Veffels, both great and 
 fmall,. have yearly their loading ; which after 
 Imported in the feveral ports of Exgland and Ire. 
 land, isagain in great quantities exported toFor- 
 reign parts, to our greatenrichment ; and the ra- 
 ther, for that they are not permitted to Trade with 
 any other Nation but the Ezgl{h, and fuch of his 
 Majelties Subjects in New-England, Virginia, and 
 Bermudoes : And in Exchange of thofe Commodi- 
 ties they take fuch as are neceffary for the ufe of 
 man, as wellfor the Backand Belly, as for their 
 Houfes, and Plantations , with many of which, 
 they are fupplyed from New-Engiand, Virguia, 
 and the Bermudoes'; together with fervants and 
 flaves, as Vhave noted.at the latter end of the de- 
 fcription of famaica, aforefaid ; together 
 with feveral forts of Commedities and Previfions y 
 which famaica hath no occalion of, as Horfes, Ca- 
 mels, Affinegroes , Cattle 5 alfo falted Fle(b and 
 Fifh, of feveral forts ; Butter'and Cheefe, but by 
 reafon of the great heat of the weather, it will 
 foon ftink, and become unfit to eat; fo that inftead 
 of Butter, they make great ufe of Oy! for their 
 
 Sauces, at é 
 Save end. o/h he-Days and Nights are almoft thorowout the 
 Nights are Year, of an equal length, the Sun Rifing and Set 
 almofte- ting at 6 except about Olfober, ‘and then there is 
 
 qual. — fome {mall difference, 
 
 The Temperature. of Air. 
 
 Tempe. This [/fe is very Hot, efpecially for 8 AZonths, 
 ratureof yetnot{o, but that Travel, and Labour is fuffe~ 
 Air, able; but-wereit not for the cool breezes of Wind 
 
 akan i Ucialuavhunecl ophich 
 
Barbadoes. Se 
 which Rifeth with the Suz, and bloweth frefher 
 * astheSun mounteth up, it would be unfuffera- 
 ble. And thefe Breezes always blow from WNorthe 
 Eaft, and by Eaf?, unlefsitbe inthe time of the 
 Turnado, and then fora few hours it chops into. 
 the South, but returns to the fame point again. 
 And it is obferved, that although the people do fo 
 much fweat, yet they have not that faintnefs as 
  - with us, in the months of 7uly and Auguft ; nei- 
 _ ther are they fo thirfty, without'occafioned by ex- 
 » cefs of Labour or Drinking of ftrong Liquors, 
 which the People are here too much addiéted un- 
 to, to their great hurt, which if moderately taken, ! 
 would be as great a prefervativeto comfort theit ~ 
 inward parts, which are left cold, and-faint, 
 through their fweating. Befides, our bodies be- 
 ing accultomed to colder Climates, our fpirits are 
 not fo vigorous without them in a moderate 
 manner. 
 
 The ir, though hot is very moift, which cau- 
 feth all all Iron-tools, as Knives, Swords, Locks, 
 Keys, &c. toruft, fo that without conftant ufage, 
 they willfoon become eaten up with ruft, And 
 this great beat and moifiure, doth caufe the Plants 
 and Trees to grow fo large, and high. 
 
 Their Fruits. 
 
 Here are abundance of Fraits of feveral forts, he. 
 as Dates, Oranges of two forts, the one fweet; Fruits: 
 andthe otherfharp, Pomgranates, Citrons, Limes, 
 
 : Lemons ,* Macows, Grapes . ‘Funeper-Apples, Pa- 
 payers, eMomins, —Monbains, Acajous, Icacos, 
 Cherrves, Rayfins, Indian Figgs, Cocos, Plantins, 
 Bonanoes, Guavars, Prickle-eApples, Prickle- 
 Pears, Guftard- Apples, eAilons, bothland and. 
 water, and Pine-Apples, the ‘vareft Fruit-in the: 
 
 tm 
 
Barbadoes: 
 Their F ifh. 
 
 < Their fh. Here are great ftore of Fijhin the Sea, as Swap- 
 pers, Crabs, Lobfters, Terbums, Macquerels, 
 Mullots, Cavallos, Parrat-Fifh, Cony Fifh, and 
 Green Turtles, which of all others are the molt de- 
 licious, with feveral other forts appropriated to 
 this and the reft of the Carsbbce Ijles. _ But the 
 Rivulets, or Ponds, have few or no Fsfh in them. 
 
 Their Beafis. 
 
 Ther Here are no Beafts or Cattle but what are Tame, 
 Beats. and brought them ; as Camels, Horfes, Affine- 
 groes, Oxen, Bulls, Cows, Sheep, and Goats, 
 
 and Hoggs, which are here in great plenty. in e- 
 very Plantation, it being their common food, 
 whofe Flefh is efteemed very. good and delicious; 
 but asfor Beef, and Adutton, itis very dear, as 
 having but a fmall ftock, but might be foon en- 
 creafed, would they fpare ground enough for 
 Pafturage for them from their other occafions. 
 
 d heir Hearbs and Roots, 
 
 Herbs and Here groweth divers forts of Exglifh hearbs, 
 Roers. and roots, as Rofemary, Lavender , Lavender- 
 Cotten, —Marjerom, Winter-Savory, Time, Par- 
 fy. Tanfey, Sage, Purcelane, &c. and for Roots, 
 — Cabages, Colworths, Collyflowers, Turnips, Pota- 
 toes, Onyons, Garlick, Radifhes, Lettice, Ta- 
 
 ragon, —Marigolds, &c. 
 
 Their Birds and Fowles. 
 
 Birds and. Here are feveral forts of Fowles, as Turkeys 
 ee ee Hens, 
 
ee ee es 4 
 Fens, Mufcovy-ducks, Pigeons, Turtle-Doves, 
 6c. and for {mall Birds, great variety ; as 
 Thrufhes, Black-birds, Sparrows, &c. : 
 
 Their Infetts and Animals. 
 
 Here are feveral « ¢ximals » and Infedts, as Animals: 
 Snakes a yard and a half long, Scorpionsas big ag and Ineas 
 Rats, but no ways hurtful to man or beaft 5 Lizm 
 zards, which are exceeding harmlefs, much fre. 
 quenting the houfes, and Joving the company of 
 men 5 Adusketoes, Cockroches, and Merriwings 
 which are very troublefome in the night in fting- 
 ing 5 alfo, here are Land-crabs in great abundance, 
 which are found good toeat. . Andhereis a {mall 
 Ely which they call Cuyouyou, whofe wings in the 
 Night, asit flyeth, cafts forth a great luitre, and 
 the Indians do commonly catch them, and tye . 
 them to their hands or feet, and make ufe of them 
 inftead of a Candle, which is forbidden them, 
 
 Their Trees. | 
 
 . Here are great variety of Trees, fit for feveral see 
 “ufes, as the Locuft, —Waftick, Red-wood, the ° 
 Tronwood-Tree, and the Cadar-Tree, whichare fit 
 
 for buildiag, Alfothe Ca/fia, Fiftula, Coloquintida, 
 
 T amarixe,Caffavie, of which is made their bread : 
 
 the Poyfon-Tree, and the Phyfick-Nut, thefe have 
 
 a Physical, and fome a. Poyfonous Vertue inthem, 
 
 Alfo, here are thefe Trees following, the Calsbajh, 
 
 the Shell of whofe Fruit, ferveth to carry liquid 
 things in, being of the nature of Goards ; the ALan- 
 Srals-Tree, which is of anexceeding greatnefs ; 
 
 the Roucon, of whofe bark.is made Ropes, as alfo 
 
 Flax, which being fpun, is employed to feverak 
 
 ules ; the Lignum vite, As Palmeto, which is ve- 
 
34 Barbadoes. 
 ry large, and beautiful to behold ; with fee” 
 veral others. 
 
 ‘ Several Caves. 
 
 Several Jn this Iflandare divers (aves, fome of which 
 Caves." are very deep, and large enough to hold seo 
 men; and thefe Caves are often the Sanctuaries of 
 fuch Negro-flaves that run away, in which they lie 
 a good while cre found out, feldome itirring in 
 the day time, although rhey are fuch unwholefome 
 places, by reafon of the great damps that are 
 found inthem. And it is fuppofed, that’ thefe 
 Caves were the Habitation ofthe Natives. 
 
 Its Divifien and Towns. 
 
 tts Divi This Iflawd ts fevered into Eleven Precincts, of © 
 ge Parifbes, in which are 14, Churches and Chappels, 
 wand here are many places which may not unaptly 
 be called Towns; as bzing compofed of a long and 
 fpacious Street, which are beautified with fair 
 houfes; and indeed the whole Z/le for thefe many 
 years, is fotaken up with Planters ( there being 
 «no watt ground to be found ) thatitis thorowout 
 befer with Aoufes, at no great diftance from one 
 another. 
 
 , Its chief Towns. 
 
 St. Ai- t. St. Adichels formerly called the Bridg-Town, 
 chacl. ox Indian Bridg, {cituate at the bottom of Carlifle. 
 Bay inthe Leeward, ot Southern part of the Z/le, 
 which Bayis.very cs pacious, deep and fecure for. 
 Ships,being large enough to entertain 500 Veffels at 
 onetime. The Towz is long, containing feveral 
 fireets, and graced with abundance. of well-built 
 houfes, . Itis very. pepulous, being the Refidence 
 ef the Goverabur, ox his Deputy, theplace of Fu. 
 
- Barbadoes, . 
 
 dicature, and the Scale of T; rade, whete niolt of the 
 
 Merchants and Fattors in the Ifle have their 
 Store- Houfes for the negotiation of their Affairs ; 
 and from thefe Store. Houfes or Shops, the Izhabi- - 
 tants are fupplyed with fuch Commodities ag they 
 have occafion of, in exchange of theirs, which are 
 the product of the J/le. The Town is ill feated, 
 the ground being lower than the banks of the Sea, 
 
 _ by which means the Spring-Tides doth flow over, 
 
 “and thereremaining, doth make akind of a moo. 
 rifh bogg, which doth occafion it to be more un- 
 healthfulthan the other parts of the Je. This 
 Town for its defence, and fecurity of the Ships, 
 hath two ftrong Forts oppofite to each other, with 
 a Platform in the mid{ft, which.alfo commands the 
 Road, all which are well Fortifyed- with great . 
 Guns, &c. The principal of thefe Forts is called 
 Charles Fort, being feated on Nedbams Point, 
 
 2. Little Brifiol, formerly Sprights Bay, {citu- Litle Byj, 
 ate about four Leagues Leeward from St. eMi- fo, 
 chaels, hatha commodious Road for Ships, isa 
 place well frequented and traded unto, and is 
 
 Strongly Defended by two powerful Forts, 
 
 3. St. fames, formerly called the Hall, feated 
 
 notfar from Bri/tol, hath the accommodatien of a 
 800d Road for Ships, and is a place of a confiderae 
 ble Trade, forits defence; befides a large Plat- 
 
 form, hath fortified Breaff-works ; and in this Tows 
 is kept forthe Precingt, the monthly Courts. 
 
 4» Charles-Town, feated wind-ward of St. A4- Chivlees 
 chaels, about two Leagues : And on Oyfter-Bay, it Town, 
 
 )is fected by two ffrong Forts, the one to the 
 
 Windward, and the other tothe Leeward, of the 
 
 Town and Road, with a Platform in the midf, 
 
 This Tow# hath the accomodation of. weekly 
 eUarkett, andhercis kept the monthly Courts 
 
 D2 The, 
 
 for the Precintt, 
 
CEN Se ee Peers 
 i e i eae NS 
 arene Raut! Ses BEI = 5 Vie 
 
 eae 
 
 Barbadors. 
 
 The other Périfhes are of lefs flote. 
 
 36 
 
 Other Places on the Sea-Coaft. 
 
 Other pla- | Other Places of Name along the, Sea:Coaft of 
 ces on thet ais Iflz, beginning Eatierly, and fo encom pafling 
 Séa Coalt the Jjle, are as followeth. 
  Fowl- BY, Aufiins Bay; Maxwells Bays where 
 there isa finall [fle, Blackrock, The ful, Spekes- 
 Buy, Balifes Bays Long- Bay , Clarks: bay, and 
 
 Conftance- Bay. j 
 
 The Inhabitants. 
 
 The Inbabitants of the this I/le may be Ranged 
 under 3 heads or forts,to wit,Mairers, (which are 
 Englifh, Scotch, and Irafh, with forme few Dutch, © 
 " French, and Fews , Chriftian fervants and Nhgro- 
 
 flaves, Andthefe three forts are exceeding nunie- 
 ding to a Calculation not long 
 and Servants, did amount 
 egroes to about double 
 
 The Inha- 
 bitaats- 
 
 rous ; for, accor 
 fince made, the AZasters, 
 to about so0co, and the LV 
 the number, ; 
 The Mafters, forthe moit part, live at the © 
 heightofPleafure, : 
 The fervants, at the expiration of 5 years, be- 
 come Freemen of the Land, and employ their 
 times according to their abilities, and capacctzes 5 
 either to get a fmall Plantation, or to workat day-” 
 labour in’ other “Plantatsons, ot elfé to exercife 
 their Trades, if fo capacimated. =. 4 
 The Negro flaves are never out of their Bondage, 
 and, the Children they gets are likewife perpetu-/ 
 al flaves. They have but mean allowance of Dyet 
 i Cloaths, and Lodging , and although held to {uch 
 hard Labour, and foilltreated, yet are they well 
 contented with their Conditions ; and if their 
 
 Maftets | 
 
ele “Barbadoes. oe a7 
 _ Mafters is but any thing kind, they think nothing 
 too much to ke done for them; and therefore ‘tis* 
 great pity to wioug fuch poor Creatures. os 
 The chiefett Seock, of a Planter, conlifts in his 
 fervants and flaves, but efpecially the flaves, who 
 aremore numerous. Andthefe they Buy on Ship- 
 board, asmen Buy Horfes in a Faeyr, and accor- 
 ding as they are handfome, lufty, well fhapen, 
 and: young, either the men or women, they give 
 more or lefs; the general Rates for the Chriltian- 
 fervants being about io/. but if one that hath a” 
 good Trade, as a Carpenter, Foyner, Smith, or 
 the like, chen far more: Likewife, a Female that 
 is young and handfome, is higher valued. ‘The 
 general Rate forthe better fort of Negro-men, is 
 zol, or 25/, fterling ; and for Womex, about 151. 
 for the encreafe of iiock of Negroes, they general- 
 ly take as many ex as Women, Ae 
 
 The Maintenance of the fervants and flaves. 
 
 The Maintenance of the fervants, and Negros 
 flaves, astotheir Dyet, Apparel, and Lodging, 
 is very inconfiderable. - 
 For their Food, they are contented from wecks-  -+y.3, 
 end, to weeks-end, with Potatoes, Loblolly, made Food. — 
 of beaten Maitemixt with water; (affader bread 
 common inall the Indies, Bonavift, and fuch like 
 food that the Plantatzon affordeth ; as for eWear, 
 they are feldome troubled with it, except at Chi ift- 
 mas, Eafter, and Whitfontide, and then they have 
 Hoggs-flefh,according to the cuitome of the [/land ; 
 butof late, the fervants are allowed weekly, 4 
 {mall quantity of Swines-Flefb, or falted Flefh, or 
 Fifh; and when any of the Cattle dye of any di- 
 {temper, or by accident, it is given to the Wegroes, 
 who feed like Princes on it. ee 
 ao D 5 Theis 
 
 a 
 
33° ~ Barbadoes. 
 their Their Drinks ave eMobbie, made of Potatoes’ 
 j Pink “foaked in water; Perino, made of Cafavie-Root, 
 and water ; ; (vippo, Kill Devil, Punch, made ot 
 water and Sugar ; Plantin-drink, made of Plantins 
 and water ; , Beverider, made of Spring- water, {u- | 
 gar, and the juyce ot Urenges; and wine of Pines, | 
 which is only made of the juyce of the Fruit , 
 which ts. exceeding good and delicious; bur this 
 fort, asalfo the Beveridge, and Punch, the fer- 
 vants are not much troubied with. 
 Butas for the Wafter-Planters, Merchants, 
 . . attors, and firangers, their Fair is far otherwife, 
 having their curious-made Difkes, as Cuftards , 
 Cheefe-cakes, Tanfies; alfo Sturgion, eAnchoves, 
 Caviare, Botardo, Neats- Tongues, befides -Poul- 
 trey, Fifo, Fowl, Mutton , Beef, Kid, Pork, 
 Beaus, Peafe, feveral Roots, and other good 
 Difhes, And, befidesthe feveral forts of Liquors 
 already named, Wines, Strong-waters, Brandy, | 
 and Exglifh- Beer s fothat they find no want, and d 
 do not confider the condition of thofe poor» 4 
 wretches, their fervents and flaves, who are con- | 
 am firained to fo hard a Jabour, 
 aheir ‘The Apparel they allow their fervants yearly, 
 PPPaiel. forthe men, are 6 pair of Drawers, 12 pair of 
 Shooes, 3 Afonmouth Caps, 6 Sbirts; and for the | 
 women, ones 3 Petticoats, 4. Cotfes, and iz | 
 pair of Shaves, beflides, a Rug-Gown to each, 
 keep them warm, in the night, and to put on 
 them when they come fweating fromtheir labour. 
 Tothe Negro mex, they allow but 3 3 pair of Caz- 
 UAS Drawers, and to the Women, but three’ Fet- 
 rivoates. 3 | 
 eid themfelves ( efpecially the better fort ) 
 xcceding profufe and coltly, 
 : | 66 ging of thefe paotw retches is worft of 
 ee alt for having laboured.all the day. in fo hot a 
 MM je ha de Sas bins & Comztrey, 
 
 petite 
 
— Barbadoes. 
 Countrey, without any nourifhing Dyer, at night 
 they muitbe contented to lye hard, on nothing 
 but aboard, without any Coverled, in thew Hurts, 
 or rather Aeg/ttes ; but Chriltian fervants aie 
 fomething better Treated, being allowed Ha- 
 mocks. : 
 
 Every Sunday, ( which is the only day of Reft, 
 and fhould be fet apart for the fervice of God ) 
 they employ either in the getting of the Bark of 
 Trees, and making of Ropes with it, which they 
 Truck away for flurts, Drawers, and the like; or 
 elfe fpend the day in Recreation, as Dancing, and 
 Wreftling, which they much delight in, though 
 they are no great Proficients in either ; for in their 
 Dancing, they ufe antick actions, their hands ha- 
 ving more of motion than their feet ; and their 
 head, thaneither ; nor do the men and women 
 Dance together, but apart; the Afufique to which 
 they Dance, being a fort of Kitrle-drums, one 
 bigger than another, which makes a itrange and 
 various noife, but whether Harmonions, | leave 
 to the judgment of the Reader. 
 
 - Itis thought by many, that the Chriftians fhould 
 be in danger of being murthered by the Negre- 
 flaves, who fo much Over-top them in number, 
 and the rather, for that they are fo cruelly ufed, 
 and for that reafon, many are fearful to venture to 
 dwellhere. But this ObjeCion may be thus an- 
 fwered; that firlt, they are fuchas were bronght 
 from feveral parts of Africa, and do not under- 
 ftand one anothers Language ; and then they are 
 ftir’'d up with an inbred hatred again{t one ano- 
 ther, it being the cuitome in thofe parts, for feve- 
 ral peity Kings to go. to Wars againit one another, 
 and the Prifoners that are are taken of each fide, 
 they fell unto us, and other €uropean Nations 
 that come to Trafique with them ; alfo, they are 
 
 D. 4 not 
 
The Ma- . 
 
 nagement 
 ofa Plan- 
 tation, 
 
 Barbadoes. | 
 not permitted to touch, nay, hardly to feea Gaz, 
 or any other weapon; and being keptin fuch a flas 
 very, they are fearful of beginning fuch an Infur- 
 rection, it being prefent death for any that thall 
 in the lealt be found to act, or contrive fuch a 
 thing, ay eae 
 
 The Management of a Plantation, ought to be 
 the Afafters care, yet few ofthem ( except thofe 
 of the meaner degree )are without their Qverfeers, 
 
 who takes off that trouble from them, whofe Of- 
 
 fice is to call themto work by the Ring of a Bell, 
 at 6 a Clock in' the Morning, to appoint them their 
 feveral works, to sive them due Correction upon 
 any Mifdemeanour, or Idlenefs;he likewife dif- 
 mifies them at 11 a Clock, to go to Dinner, and 
 calls them again by Oneaclock by the faid Bell; 
 and difchargeth them at 6 at night. , 
 » What Ihave faid in this Treatife of Barbadoes 
 concerning their fervants, and flaves, may be faid 
 in that of famaiea ‘forthe fervants, and flaves; 
 are their greateit {tock thofe they Buy, the /er- 
 vants fora Tearm of years, the Negrces for ever ; 
 their e4pparel which they allow to either being 
 muchthe fame, but their Dyet better ; and for 
 their labour, it may be faid to be much the fame, 
 the //land producing the fame Commodities, 
 
 The Ifland of Barbadoes very firong. 
 
 The Hand Lbis Z/land is very ftrong, as well by Natare, 
 veryftrong 28 Art, being fheltered with Recks and Shoals ; and. 
 
 where nature hath notthus defended it, it is For- 
 tified by Trenches and: Rampiers, with Pallifadoes, 
 Curtains, ‘and Counter*Scarfes ,. befides, round a-, 
 bout the Fle, regarding the Sea, is ftanding-Wood: 
 Here are aifo, ‘for its further: Defence, 3 Forts, 
 one fara Adagazize for the Anmunitien, a 
 
 bd wy uy 
 ‘ 
 
 bth 
 ee} 
 
' Scription of this tle, :.". 
 
 i 
 
 : 
 1 
 
 | 
 
 -— Barbadoes. 
 der tolye in, and the other two for places of Re- 
 
 treats, as occafion ferveth. They have alfo for 
 their further fecurity; aftanding AGilitia, confilt- 
 
 ing of two Regiments of Horfe, and five of Fosr, 
 Which are Stout, and well-Difciplined men, and 
 always tobe Ready on beat ofDrum, 
 
 The Government of this Ife. 
 This Ife is Governed by Laws affimulated CO The Go: 
 
 thofe of England, for all matters either (ivil, Ec- vernment* 
 clefiaftick, Criminal, Adaritine, or Martial; yet of the If- 
 
 _ hot without fome few Laws appropriate to them. 194 
 
 felves. whicharenot repugnant to the Laws of 
 England, 
 For the Execution of thefe Laws, they have 
 their Courts of Fudieature, ©) 0 
 The Z/le is divided into four Circuits, in each of 
 which, ‘there is an Inferiour (burt for civil Canfes, 
 from which, Appeals may be made to the the Su- 
 pream Court, 
 Here are alfo FufPices ofthe Peace, Conftables , 
 Church wardens, and Tything-men, 
 ‘And for the ddminiftration-of Fuffice, here are 
 yearly Five Seffions, ie e 
 As concerning the nature of the Sugar-Canes, 
 how to Plant them, their Growth, Cutting, Grine 
 ding, Boyling the Conveyance of the Skimmings 
 into the Ca/ferns, how to Diftill it for Spirits ; how 
 Jong it ftays in the Careing-boufe, before it be good 
 Mufcovado-Sugar; together with the making it 
 into Whites; isnot my bufinefs in this fmall Trea. See Mr. Zix 
 tif'e, to give the Reader inftructions therein, re- gms Book 
 
 ferring to Mr. Richard Leigons Book: of the De e 
 ats 87, A 
 
 A 
 
 ia 
 #2 
 
Hdd bd ee Pee ohoee eee 
 woe FSUIDISIVOIO 
 ST ESSE POSE SESS OLE 
 
 | phage 
 - DESCRIPTION 
 OF | 
 
 The ISLAND of 
 St. CHRISTOP HERS. 
 
 Bee Scien dc T. Chriftopbers, fo called from Chriftopher 
 tion &C. Columbus, the firfk difcoverers thereof, fci- 
 “uate inthe Latitude of 17 degrees, and 25 
 
 win.in circuit, about7g miles :. The Land 
 
 licth high and mountainous in the midft, from 
 
 which fpringeth feveral Rivers , which ofttimes, 
 
 by reafon of the Raines that falleth down the 
 Mountains, are overflown to the detriment of the 
 
 Inhabitants. 
 The Soyl, and Commodities, &e. 
 
 Its Soyl) The Soyl is light and fandy, and very aptto — 
 and Com-produce feveral forts of Fruits, Provifions, and 
 modities. Commodities 5 as Sugar, Tobacco, Cotton, Gin- 
 er, xc. 
 This Ife, by reafon ofits feveral great and ftee- : 
 y Mountains, between which are Springs of hot, , 
 and Sulphurous Wailer, with horrid Precspicesy 
 RN and © 
 
St. Chriflopberss — ee 
 and thick Woods, renders it very impaflable ~" 
 through the midft : And the fteepy A/cents of the. 
 Mountains, are divided into feveral Stages, or 
 Stories, where are fpacious ways, ) 
 
 On the Sea=fide there isa Salt-pit, called Gul. 
 defac, andnot far from the faid Salt-pit, there isa, 
 fmall Zfmus of land, which reacheth withinamile © ~ 
 and ahalf of the J/land of Neivis, or AZevu. | 
 
 This I/landisa place exceeding delightful, and 
 ofa molt delectable Profpect to the Eye of the 
 beholder ; foriftheEye be direfted downwards, 
 fromthetop, ithatha Profpect of curious Gar- 
 dens, which gently defcend to the Seasfide ; andin 
 regard of the continual Afcent of the Z/le, the low- 
 er Stage or Story, doth not debar.the Eye of the 
 pleafant Profpedt of that which lyeth at a Remo- 
 ter diflance, which is terminated by thofe high 
 Mountains: And that which maketh the Prof pect 
 the more delectable in the feveral Plastations 
 C which are bounded with Rows of Trees always 
 intheir Verdure ) are the fair Afoufes covered 
 with glazed Slate, 
 
 The Divifion of the Ifle, and haw Poffeffed. 
 
 - The whole 7/le is divided into four Quarters Of The Ye 
 Cantons, twoof which are poflefled by the Ez- very de- 
 glifh, and two by the French; which partsare notlightful, 
 40 well watered, as thofe of the Englifh, but are and ue 
 better for Tillage, and not fo Hilly, Profpetts 
 _ The Englifh are more Populous then the Freach, ; 
 arid have two fortified places, one commanding 
 the great Haver, andthe other a defcent not far 
 from Pointe de fable, j 
 
 The French have Four ftrong Forts, of which 
 _ one hath Regular Works like a Cittadel, that of 
 : molt note commands the Haven, and is called 
 PBaffe- Terre, > BOW 
 
 ~ 
 
Their 
 Churches. 
 
 ‘A Town 
 - Poffeffed 
 
 by the 
 
 Erench. 
 
 St. Chriflophers. 
 
 Both the Ezglifh, and the French, keep con- 
 ftant Guard at their Forts, placed at the entrance 
 of the Parhs which leads to the feveral Wards, fot 
 the better fecurity of each other. a 
 
 Here are five Churches in thofe parts belonging 
 tothe Exglifh, viz. Oneat Sandy-point, one at 
 Palme:Tree, another near the great Road, and 
 two at the Inlet of (uyoune, with many fair 
 Structures. | | 
 
 The French, befides - their feveral Habitations, 
 difperfed up and down in theit quarters, have at 
 Baffe-Terre (near the fZaven where Ships lye at 
 Anchor) a Town of a good vignefs, whofe Houfes 
 are well built, of Brick, Freefione, and Timber; 
 where the Merchants have their Store-houfes, and 
 is well Inhabited by Tradefmen, and are well fer- 
 ved with {uch Commodities both for the Back, and 
 Belly, together with Utenfils for theit Honfes, and 
 Plantations, as they have occafion of, in exchange 
 of fuch Commodities which are the product of the 
 Ifand. Here isa fair, and large Church, as alfo, 
 a publique- Hall, for the adminiitration of Fujfice ¢ 
 Here isalfo a very fair Hopital, built by the Ge- 
 neral, for fuch people that cannot get cure at their 
 Houfes , where they are well maintained and at- 
 tended by Deétors, and Phyfitians, for® the reco- 
 very of their Healths. Here isalfoa ftately Caftle, 
 
 being the Refidence of the Governonr moft plea- 
 fantly feated, at the foot of ahigh Mountain, not 
 far form the Sea, having fpaciousCourts, delight- 
 ful Walk, and Gardeas, and enjoyeth a curious 
 Prospect. Pati! ! oe 
 
deesenegtobigense 
 SEPPLEEE SCE CESS 
 
 A 4 
 DESCRIPTION 
 O F 
 
 The ISLAND of 
 NIEVIS; or MEV/IS. 
 
 Qe Ifland of Nerv, or Mevis, lyeth not. | » 
 far from St. Chriftophers, as 1 have before Its Scituae 
 noted, and inthe Latitude of Seventeen sa 
 degrees, and Nineteen menutes. 
 
 Iris but fmall, being not above Eighteen miles 
 in Circuit. £5 
 
 Phere is but One AZountain in the I/le, and that 
 is fedted in the midft, which is of a great height, - 
 but of an eafy Accefs, and cloathed with Trees 
 from its Somet to the bottom ; and about this 
 Mountain, are the Plantations whichreach tothe 
 Sea-fhore, 
 
 Extente 
 
 Springs of Water. 
 
 Here are divers Springs of Frefh-water, and, . 
 one Spring of a Hot and Mineral water, not far Bi fissh 
 . ° 0 mera 
 from whofe Spring-head are Baths made, which water, and 
 are much frequented for-the Curing of feveral di- Baths. 
 {tempers in the Body of man, | 
 Tr 
 
“#6 — Nievis. | 
 It is indifferent Fertile, and hath ftore of Deer; 
 and other Game for Hunting. } 
 _ The Zfle is Inhabited by about three or four 
 Thoufand, who live well,..and drive a Trade for 
 fuch things as they have occafion for, by exchang- 
 ing fuch Commodities as the Ijle produceth ; as Su- 
 gar, Cotton, Ginger, Tobacco, Xc. 
 , Itisa welt-Governed Colezy, where Jultice is 
 @uly adminiftred , and all Vices feverely 
 punithed. 
 \° rnc For the Worfhip of. God, here are three 
 Churches, Churches ; and for its further defence, and fafe- 
 ty, ithatha Fore; whereon are mounted feveral 
 Peeces, for the fecurity of the Jhzps in the Road, or 
 Harbour, called Bath-B ay, as alfo the. publique. 
 Store-houfé. 
 This I/le, asthe reft of the Caribbee's, are trou- 
 bled with Adufcheto's, Chigos, Murigoins, and 
 ~. other fringing Flyes, which do much Annoy the 
 ~ Inhabitants. : 
 
 4 
 i 
 
 eee A oR ee 
 
 ef a. 
 Pati ae 
 
IASTTAATS SATE TES Es 
 FESSS ESSE ESESELES 
 A 
 DESCRIPTION 
 OF 
 
 The ISLAND of 
 eA NS FF G 0. 
 T: Ifland of Antego, is feated in the Lati- Tes Scituay 
 
 tude 16 degrees, and 11 minutes, tion. 
 It is in Length, about fix, or feven Extent). 
 Leagues, and about the fame. breadth in rok 
 many places, ! ERs, 
 Itis of a difficult accefs, and very dangerous for 
 Shipping, by reafon of the Rocks which encom= 
 afs it, ; | 
 It hath fome few brings of Frefhewater; befides rhe nis 
 which, the Inhabitants, which are abaut 8 or 906 ber of Ind 
 have made. fevera! Cifterus, and ‘Ponds, ‘for the habitants, 
 preferving of Rain-water, 
 The J/le doth abound in Fifh, amongft which, rim: 
 is the Sword-Fifh. which of all others, would be 
 the chief in the Sea. 
 - Here.are. great_plenty_ of mot. forts-of Wild see and 
 fow|,and not wanting in V enifon,and Tame Cattle, Ce. 
 The Commedities that it affordeth, are SUL a, Commod 
 Andico, Ginger, Tobacse, &. Hides. 
 
 A 
 
The ISLAND of 
 St: VINCE ACL. 
 
 Tes Scitua- He J/land of St. Vincents lyeth in the La- 
 tion, (  titudeofSixteendegrees. — =~ 
 It is about 20 miles in Length, and 
 Fifteen in Bredth,of a Fertile /oy/, yeilding 
 abundance of Sugar-Canes 3 which grow Natu- 
 rally without Planting. oe 2 a 
 : It ig well watered with Rivers, and affordeth 
 ‘ many fafeRoads,and convenient Bays for Shipping. 
 ee The Englifh have here fome ferclement, but are 
 not very powerful. 
 
 Extencand 
 Feltility. 
 
 { ae ee 
 «. 
 
gagengesennnessanaas 
 CELESTE POSES SS SPOT Ee 
 
 Pt Mee 
 ‘The ISLAND of. 
 DOMINICA, 
 
 empty His [fle is feated in the Latitude of Fifteen ts scieu33 
 degreesandahalf. “ons | 
 it ig about 12 Leagues in length, and 83. 
 in breadth. . iu ce 
 On the We/? fide of the Ife, there is a Conveni- 
 ent Harbour for {hips. 
 _ Ibis very —Mountainoms, yet not without many 
 Fertile Valleys, producing feveral Commoditres, 
 but chiefly Tobacco, which is planted by the Ex- 
 glifh ; but the WWatzves which are Cansbals, aud 
 very Batbarous, doth much hinder the comming 
 of the Englifh to fettle here. , 
 
 FE nee Ra Sa en om 1 AeA TO RESSEINNEIT SS A 
 
is) 
 
 Qo 
 
 ‘6 & & & ths ef ch cf obs cbs chy chs & & ‘ 
 TA AASAA Ea 
 
 SOV VSIA S62 63 CSET ODE 
 CPOE EEC SoEoPooODoODOE 
 
 > 
 
 DESCRIPTI 
 : OF 
 
 The ISLAND of 
 MONTSERRAT. 
 
 q 
 
 ONTSERRAT, on Ifland of a 
 
 Tts Extent, 
 
 Scituation, fmall Extent, not excecdiag Lez 
 Fertility, CMUiles in Length, and of a lefs 
 
 &e. | ~~ Breadth. 
 Itis feated in the Latitude of 17 degrees ; Itig 
 ° qe : . " 
 much inclined to Mountains, which are well cloa- 
 thed with Cedar, and other Trec ; and the Wal 
 leyss and Plains are ve ry Fertile. 
 This //le is molt Inhabited by the Trifh, who 
 have here a Church for Divine War{hip. 
 
 a a eee Sib etn SPREE TORRONE 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF 
 The ISLAND of 
 
 ENGVIEES 
 
 "His I/leis feated inthe Latitude of Eigh-).. ais 
 teen degrees, and One and Twenty eo ee 
 Minutes. &, 
 It Extendeth itfelf in Length, about — 
 
 Ten Leagues, andin Breadth about Three. 
 
 The Isbabitants are Englifh, which are compu- 
 tedto amount unto two or three Hundred, who 
 are but poor, the J/le being faidnot to be worth 
 ‘the keeping. 
 
LSLELLSLEGLSSHDIG 
 peretoett irre te ye: 
 
 A 
 
 ; DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF 
 The ISLAND of 
 2.22 BAD. A. 
 
 Its Scitua= ARB AD A, or Barboude, f{cituate in 
 tion Ferti- Bi: Latitude of Seventeen degrees and a 
 tilisy &c, half. ; 
 Itisan J/leof no great Extent, not ex- 
 ceeding Fifteen milesin Length, nor is it of any 
 confiderable Account to the Ezgli(fh, who are the 
 Pofleffors of it: Yetisit found tobe of a Fertile 
 Soyl, and to be well ftored with (attle,Sheep, &c. 
 and may produce feveral good Commodities , 
 were it well managed to the advantage of the 
 Iubabitants. 
 
SEESESEPSE SEES SESE ES 
 Gwe Gy & [OVO OTOL OL OOOO O LON SY OK OSLO Sy 
 HohoopoavogeyporPrgnee 
 
 > 
 
 DESCRIPTION 
 OF 
 
 The 1S LES ‘at 
 
 BERMUDES, 
 O R, | 
 The Summer-ISLE S. 
 
 8 eA fofVircinia, and Carolina, which is a 
 c 2, = 3 y The S es 
 part of Florida,lyeth the Ifles of Bermuades 5 + Heit oci= 
 
 fo called, from Yoha Bermudes a Spaniard, ond Macad 
 
 by whom they were firit difcovered. They =~ 
 
 arealfocalled the Summer-Ifles, from the Ship- 
 wrack that one George Summers ( an Englifh-man) 
 there fuffered. 
 
 Thefe Ifes lye diftant from Exgland, about 15 
 or 1600 Leagues, from Madera, 1000, Of 1200; 
 from Hifpansola, 4.00;and from Carolina, which 
 is the neareft part of Land, about 300 Leagues, — 
 
 Their Extent, 
 
 ; Of thefe I/les, the greateft called St. Georges, is ee 
 5.ot 6 Leagueslong, and almoft thorowout, not rg, 
 
 sorges 
 E 3 above : 
 
rags 
 
 Bx sai Birnuder: 
 
 above a quarter, athird, ora half a League broads © 
 the others are mitch lefs. | | 
 
 Their Form, Sc. ' | 
 
 ee Allthefe Z/les together, form a body like 4 
 Several Crefent, andinclofe very good Ports, the chief 
 ans among which, are thofe of the Great Sound, Her= 
 " yingtons Inlet, Southampton, and Pagets , which — 
 with their Forts of Dover, and Warwick, take 
 their names from the feveral Noble men that were — 
 concerned as undertakers. 
 
 The Fertility, Commodities, Fruits, &c. 
 
 HsFertit The Earthis exceeding Fertile, yeilding two 
 dity- Crops yearly ; their #/aixe they gather in Fulys 
 and December. | 
 They have excellent Fruits, as Oranges, Datess™ 
 eMulberries both White and Red; where breed 
 abundance of Silk-worms which Spin Silk, 
 Sher: Their chief Commodities are Oranges,Couchanetl, 
 Commo-. and Tobacco, with fome Pearl, and Ambergrecce, 
 dities’ and with thefe they drive fome fmall Trade. } 
 They have plenty of Tortoifes, which is their — 
 ordinary food, whofe Flefhis very delicious, = 
 [ Hoggs. Their Hoggs, which the Spaniards formerly car- 
 : ried thither, are greatly encreafed. 
 | Fowles. They have many Fowls, and Birds, amongtt 
 | which , a gteat many Cranes, with a Sea-Fowl 
 that breeds in holes like Rabbets. : 
 
 “ Deledive . They have no Frejh-water for their occafions, 
 inFrefh butthatof Wells, and Pits, which Ebbs and Flows 
 Water. with the Sea, there being neither Fountain nor 
 
 Stream in thefe Ifles. : : 
 
 Their 
 
 ‘Tits. 
 
 Na 
 
sis “ Bermudes. ee 
 No Venimous Beaft. i 
 
 In thefe Z/les are no Venemous Beaft,theit Spiders Pheiy 
 are not poyfonous, but are of fundry and variousShiders. 
 Colours ; andin the hot weather, they Make theit 
 webs fo {trong, that oft-timesthe fmall Birds are 
 entangled and catched in them. : 
 
 Cadar Trees. 
 
 Here are Cadar Trees, which differs from all o- 
 thers in feveral refpects, but the wood is very 
 {weet. ; 
 
 The Air and Healthfulnefs. 
 
 The Skée is almoft always Serene, agd when 'Thef IMes 
 darkned with Clouds, it commonly Thmders, and exceeding 
 ® Lightneth: And the Air is very Temperate, andecalthtul. 
 fo exceeding healthful, thatitisrareto hear that 
 any one dyeth of any Diftemper, but only Old 
 age; infomuch, that many have removed from 
 England hither, only for the enjoyment ofa long, 
 and healthful life. And thofe thar have made any 
 long continuance here, are fearful of removing 
 out of fo pure an esr, 
 
 The Inhabitants. 
 
 The Exglifh firlt fetled themfelves on thefe J/lestheInha- 
 about the year 1612. and have now eltablifhed a bitants and. 
 powerful Colony, there being at prefeat, about ftrength of 
 four or five Thoufand Jzhbabitants, who have the Hie, 
 ftrongly Fortified the Approaches, which with the 
 Rocks in the Sea, rendersthem Impregnable. 
 
 tk A 
 
 cre 
 
OF 
 Per ROLT Nos 
 
 pq AROLIN A, a New eltablifhed Colony, of 
 the Englifb, being that part of Florida ad. 
 joyning to Virginia; which makes its Nor- 
 Nietounde thern bounds in the Latitude of 36 degrees, 
 ahd Scitua~ and éxtenideth it {gAf to the Latitude of 29, which 
 tion, makes its €Xtream Southern bounds 3 onthe Eaft 
 ~ itis wafhed with the Arlantick Ocean, and on the 
 Welt, it hath that large Tract of land which sun- 
 
 neth into the Pacifique Ocean. Bias) SA 
 
 its Temperature, and Hogaltbfulnefs, 
 a _ Thi ee ek sept Th 
 ‘ Country Et ts a (ouzifey bleft with a ‘Temperate, and 
 very - Wwholefome ir, the Heat in Summer, nor the 
 Eeashtul. Cold in Winter, whichis not fo much as to check 
 the growth of Plants}: Trees, cc. ‘The feveral 
 Fruits, and Plants, having their diftin feafons. 
 being no ways offenfive to the Inbabitauts. Nei- 
 ther is the Air thus Temperate, and Agreeabletd - 
 the Natives only, but it is:as Favourable to the 
 Englifh : And being thus healthful, hath Invited 
 feveral perfons from the Bermadesto fettle here ; 
 who dwelling in fopure an ir, ‘dant not venture 
 in any other. Countrey, Nor. do thofe-from the 
 -Bermides only.remove hither, upon the — a 
 eo ES Se, GE of 
 
 Be a 
 Naxinieemid a 
 
 mga ET akan SE STG 
 a es eA Sy EN, 
 
 Renee 
 
\ 9 Zz = Sw |, 
 
 | ae a nee YY 
 3 y oy ys \ 
 
 =i Delerabe ring ats. Sea: ; 
 
 ~ . "sell and Riad ? V7 
 London Pr ied sor , WY 
 
 Ss jt 
 
 ark, 
 "he eitk 
 
 2G 
 ey", 
 
 Se MARMARA 
 } He 
 
 i \ \\ \” 
 ( . 
 \ Ho .\the : Wl “Wg 
 \) 204% ox-dl8* St. 4 
 
 (2 Ke} Carter thy ahlge® Piss sao) Mh 
 
 i) To 3 J PR! Hou WL # Denprictors of af Counley rat 
 of Carolina, ins Mapp se Tr Peahfe where in their} \ 
 Wore are tornce -rned, Aa Humbly deditaled by Ric: Bh { 
 
 4 
 . 
 
 FT / he 
 
 TL #07 
 
 =~ 
 e 
 
 oH, 
 Se 
 
 a ee : 
 Soeaoeek 7 > 
 = "Ram =r esis 
 
 ae gn TAT —— tine == 
 
Lie? 
 
 Lip} OL4 
 
 OL A : 
 
 Ae. ee ca ces ) | 
 Come VG?” /2 ae 410 tc i Oo 3 | 
 ee Bae ce pea, 
 age, | oF 0717.08 (9, 
 fe, oe He ‘fo. Go i ; | 
 
| Carolina, | 
 of ahappy life, joyned with the gaining of Fair 
 Eftates, butalfomany Exglifh from moft of the 
 American Plantations,it being generally efteemed 
 one of the bett (olonies that ever the Ezgis/b were 
 Matters of ; for here is Health, Pleafure, and:Pro- 
 fit to be found, which cannot be met with in fo 
 large a meafure, in any (ouaerey.of the Indses, 
 
 Their Fruits, Hearbs, &c. 
 
 of ee. - "Theix 
 The Soyl is Rich, and Fertile, and produceth Fruits. 
 excellent Fruits 3 as cAppricocks; Peaches , 
 Grapes, ( of which the Engli(h have made 
 good Wine) Olives, Walnuts, eA pples, Pearss 
 Plumbs 5 Cherries, Figgs, Mulberries, Straw- 
 berries, water-Adellons, AMarachocks, Quinces, and. 
 other Fruits known to usin Exrope, which for 
 goodnefs are no ways Inferiour to them ; and in 
 the Southern part Oranges, Limes, Pomgranates, 
 and Pome Citrons. Andindeed, the Earth is very 
 apt to produce, and bring to Maturity, Carn; all 
 
 forts of Garden-Hearbs, and Roots, &c, 
 
 BHE 
 
 Its Commodittes. 
 
 Comittio* & 
 dities. 
 
 The Commodities which this Countrey doth and 
 may produce,are Wines Oyls,Silk .( Mulbery-Trees 
 growing in-great abundance in the Woods ) Cotton, 
 Indico, Ginger, Tobacco, Sc. And it 1s. belie- 
 ved, that here may be made of the three firft Com- 
 wodities, wines, Oyls, and Silk, fuch great abun- 
 dance, totheirs, and this Ksagdoms enrichment, ’ 
 thar befides what we fhall ufe our felves, we may 
 have wherewith to turnith Forrain Parts. 
 
ry ia Carolina. 
 
 Their Trees, 
 
 Pree 
 
 Wrees) -- Befidesthe AZubery-Trees, here are thofe of 
 
 Cedar, ai both Whiteand Red; Poplar, Bay, 
 Ajh, and Pixe; with feveral others whofe names 
 are yet unknown. 
 
 Ther Rivers, Filo, aad Fowl. 
 
 “Rivers: — The Conntreyis very well watered with Rivers, 
 
 _ there being between Cape-Carterer, and Ports 
 Rafal, which is not above 60 Afiles, § or 6 great 
 Navigable Rivers, which difcharge themfelves 
 into the Sea, befides feveral others of lefs Remark. 
 And thefe Rivers are plentifully fored with excel- 
 lent Fifh of fundry forts, which being the fame as 
 are found in Virginia, which comes next to be 
 treated of, I fhall omit the naming of them here. - 
 
 Their — Here are alfo great plenty of Wild-Fowl, as 
 
 Fowls, Geefe, Cranes, Swans, Herons, Curlews, Heath- 
 Cocks, Oxeys, Brants, Dotterels , Widgeons, 
 Teals, and Duck, and Mallard in an undeiiroy - 
 able quantity. 
 
 Provifions in the woods, 
 
 _ The woods are well tored with large Turkeys, 
 Phealants , Partridges , Turtle-Doves, Wooa- 
 Pidgeons, with great variety and plenty of fmall 
 Birds, Alfo in the woods, aregreat plenty of Deers, 
 with abundance of Hares, Coneys, &c. 
 
 Here 
 
Carolina. bi BQ : 
 Clere are divers delightful, and fpacious Sa- 
 VAN s ; 
 | The Natives of Carolina. 
 
 The Natives of Carolina, according to the ob- ‘The Dit 
 fervation of Mr. Zohn Ledener (‘who made three pofition 
 feveral journeys from Virginia, to Carolina,about &- of thé 
 the year 1670. on purpofe for a difcovery of thofe Natives. 
 parts, and the better underftanding the nature and 
 difpofition of the Zababitants ) are faid by him, to 
 be a people of aready wit, and though Illiterate, 
 ofa good underitanding, For the Account of time, 
 
 (he faith, ) they make ufe of Hiieroglyphicks, and 
 Emblems of things ; \ikewife they initruct their 
 Children in fuch things as relates to theit Familias 
 and Countrey, which is fo preferved from Genera- 
 tion, to Generation ; where a battle hath been 
 fought, or upon the fettlement of a Colony, they 
 raife a fmall Pyramid of ftone, which doth confitt 
 of the number /lain, or fetled at fuch a Colony. For 
 Religious Rites, either Devotion, Sacrifice, or Bae 
 rial, they make a round circle of fhort Straws, ot 
 Reeds, and according to the placing of the faid 
 flraws, or reeds, it is known for what it was madey . 
 and to meddle with fuch Circles, is efteemed no: 
 better than Sacriledge, : 
 
 He faith, they worfhip one God ; as Creator of 
 all things, to whom their High-Prieft offers Sacri- 
 fice, but believes he hath fomething elfe to dos 
 than to regard Humane Affairs, but doth commit 
 the Government thereof to leffer Deities ; that is, 
 to goed and evil Spirits, to whom their Inferiour 
 ‘Priefis makes their Devotion, and Sacrifice. He 
 
 faith, they believe the Tranfmigration of the Soul, 
 and when any one dyeth, they Interr with the 
 
 Corps, Provifions, and Houfhold tuff for the Elize- 
 
 um or nextwerld, whichthey fancy to be ga 
 » the 
 
60 
 
 Its Divifi- 
 
 on into 
 
 Kingd oms 
 
 The Pro- 
 Prieters 
 Carolina, 
 
 Carolina. 
 
 the AfLodatains, and Indian Ocean. He. furthet 
 faith, that from Four women, they believe all 
 mankind Sprung, and do therefore divide them- 
 felves into as many Trzbes ; and in their ALarriages 
 they are very Superititious. 
 
 He faith, they are generally well-proporti- 
 rate ; they are great Favourers of the Exglifh, li- 
 ving together in Love and Friendfhip, and upon 
 alloccafions, ready to contribute their affiltance 
 untothem. They are generally of a good, and 
 honeft meaning, no ways addicted to ice, or to 
 Extravagancies, contenting themfelves with a 
 mean Dyet and Apparel for their prefent fubfiftance 
 not taking much care for the time tocome. He 
 further faith, that they are much addidted to 
 Mirth, and Dancing ; they are alfo much prone to 
 honour and Valour, which they place above all other 
 Vertues, which doth occafion them tobe fo conti- 
 nually engaged againft one another in Wars: and 
 that fide which Fortune Crowneth with Victory, 
 Triumphal Jollaties are performed by them. 
 
 The Countrey (he faith )is divided into feveral 
 petty Kingdoms, and the People in the one keep no 
 good Correfpondence with thofe that border upon 
 them, and on the leaft occafion, wage War one a- 
 gain{t another, : 
 
 In this Couztrey of Carolina( he faith) thatthere 
 are feveral Indian Towns which are generally the 
 Habitation of the Kizg, that commands the Terri- 
 L0ry. 
 
 The Proprietors of Carolina. 
 
 This Province or Countrey of Carolina, was firlt 
 fPoffefled by the Exglifh, about the year 1660. 
 and became a Proprietorfhip ; which his prefent 
 Adajefiy &, Charles the Second, granted by Pa- . 
 se tent, 
 anaes aa 
 
Carolina, 
 tentto the Right Noble, George Duke of e4/- 
 - bemarle 5 Ear\ of Torrington, Baron eAMoxck of 
 
 Potheridge , Peachempe and Teys, Knight of the 
 
 Noble Order of the Garter, Captain General of 
 his Majelties Laxd-Forces, and one of the Lords 
 of his Majefties moft Honourable Privy. Council, 
 &c. The Right Honourable, Edward Earl of 
 Clarendon, Vifcount Cornbury, and Baron Hide 
 of Hendon, &c. The Right Honourable , Wil- 
 liam Earl of Craven,Vifcount Craver of Uffington, 
 Baron Craven of Hamfted--Marfhal, Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of the County of AZddlefex , and Borough 
 of Southwark, and one of the Lords of his Maje- 
 {ties moft Honourable Privy Council, &c. The 
 Right Hononrable Foln Lord Berkley,Baron Berk: 
 ley of Stratton, Lord Lieutenant of Jreland for 
 his Majefty, &c. The Right Honourable, the 
 Earlof Shaftsbury, The Honourable Sr. George 
 Carteret of Hawues in Bedford{hire Baronet, Vice~ 
 Chamberlain of his Majelties Heufhold, and of his 
 Majeities molt Honourable Privy Ccuneil, &c, 
 Sr. William Berkley of in the County of 
 
 Knight and Baronet, and to Sr. 
 Fohn Colleton of London, Knight and Baronet ; and 
 to their Hess and Succeffors, 
 
 And the faid Lords proprietors, having by their 
 Patent, power to eltablifh a Government , and 
 make Laws for the better Regulation thereof, and 
 the inviting of Inhabitants , have formed a Model, 
 which is fo well framed, for the good & welfare of 
 the Inhabitants, that it is efteemed by all judicious 
 perfons without compare ; but the faid AZodel , 
 being too long tobe fetdown in this fmall Trea- 
 tife, I muft be conftrained to omit ir, 
 
Carolina. 
 The Settlements of the Englifa. 
 
 Here are at prefent two confiderable Settle- 
 ns ments of the Engiifh, for fo fhort atime, the one 
 ao at Albemarle-River in the North, and the other 
 ai about the midft of the Countrey on Afhley River, 
 whichis likely to-be the Scale of Trade for the 
 
 ! whole Countrey , as being fcituate very Com- 
 modious for Shipping , and in a healthful place. 
 
 ots 0Be ao CBs tide oe Ae oS Be eB 83e OB te 
 
| 4 Paweral Cone 
 
 ¥ Colm ~ 2 
 
 ye ; 
 “Wn PME 5 
 sate go 
 
 Tod 
 7077 N 
 
 ast ae W 
 SSSand BAT naan 
 
 pore de Baltemore Ab folute 1,4 % Propriet: 
 Sy , : 4 
 Boy Provinces of Maryland «Avalon yc 
 
 S is Magy ts Humbhy dicaked by R:Blome 
 
 79°R*Hon: C erctlins Calvert Baron Balte: , a2 
 
 Paneatuch R 
 
 2 
 % 
 Q 
 2 
 8 
 
 i AF ohers I 
 
 OVNI LE 
 
 A DPriagght of the 
 Sea C ofl and Riveys 
 
 of Virginia, Maeyland, 
 
 and New England. 
 Taken from the Late/t 
 BIVENS ‘ 
 ) London Prickd for 
 Ric Blome , 
 aes. 
 
7 A | | 
 DISCRIPTION 
 OF | 
 
 VIRGINIA, 
 
 Its Bounds. 
 
 . IRGINTSA particularly now fo called, te 
 : hath for its Southern Limits , Caroliaas Bounds; 
 forits Eaftern , the Atlantick, Ocean ; 
 for its Northern , AZariland ; and for 
 
 its Weltern , that valt tract of awd which run- 
 meth into the South-Sea 
 
 ts Name. 
 
 This Countrey was faid to be firft difcovered by ts Name 
 Sr. Francis Drake ( as indeed all this Tract of Sea- and why fo 
 Coatt ) and was fo named by Sir. Walrer Rawleigh, called, 
 
 _ (a great promoter of this difcovery,) in honour 
 of Queen Elizabeth, whothen Reigned., 
 
 The Settlement of the Englifh, | 
 
 Much time was fpentin the difcovery of this 
 Copnatrey, with vatt expences in the fetting forth 
 Of Sheps, and not without the great lofs of many 
 a poor wretches life, before it could be brought 
 to perfection; but atlength, through the pane 
 
 of 
 
roy a Virginia. | 
 4 Cap. of | Captain Fobn Smich, and other worthy pers | 
 Smith, % fons, whotook great pains for the advancement 
 great Pro- of thefe difcoveries, fortune begun to fmile on 
 moter © : . : 
 the Englijh her, and aboutthe Reign of King Fames, a Pa- 
 felling at tent Was granted to certain perfons ds a, Corporate- 
 Virginia.  onand called the Company of Adventurers of Vir- 
 Linia, Afterwards other Patents were granted to 
 them for larger Extents of Land excluded inthe 
 former ; but the faid Corporation, committing of 
 feveral and frequent Mifdemeanours, and Mif- 
 carriages, the faid Patent about the year 1623 
 was made Wwl; fince whichit hath been free for 
 all his Afajefties Subjects, to Trade into thefe 
 parts, 
 
 Its Air and Témperature. 
 
 This Countrey is ble with a fweet and whole- 
 fome Air, and the Clime of jate very agreeable to 
 Virginia the Englifh, fince the clearing of Woeds; fo that® 
 now very. now few dyeth of the Cownereys difeafe, called 
 healthful. the Seafoning. . 
 The Soyl, 
 
 It is every where interlaced with delectable 
 
 Hills, andtich Palleys, atid of a Seyl fo Fertlie, 
 
 thatan Acre of ground commonly yieldeth 200° 
 
 Bufhels of Cora, and is very apt to produce 
 
 The Soyl whatis put therein , as Englifh Grains, Roots ; 
 very Rich. Seeds, Plants, Fruits, &c,befides thofe appro.” 
 priated to the Conxerey, and other adjacent patts” 
 of America: | 
 
 Their Fruits. 
 
 Excellent ‘Here are excellent Fruits in great abundance, © 
 Fruits. which may be compared with thofe of Iraly OF © 
 Spain, as eApricocks, Peaches, Mellons, Appless” 
 
 “Pearss Plumbs, Cherries, Grapes, Figs 3 Quine 
 
 sche 
 
me 
 
 and above all, the eMock-bird, which counter- 
 
 | Virginid., i Oe 
 ces, Maracocks, Puchamines, Chefnuts, Walnuts, 
 Olives, Straberries, Rasberries, Goosberries, and 
 Mulberries in great abundance. ey 
 , Of their Apples they. make Syder ; ,of their 
 Pears, Perry; and of their Grapes, Wine. a 
 
 Their Raw avd Herbs, 
 
 ' They have feveral forts of Rests , as Potatoes 5 pens * 
 ; ue sa y of 
 Carvers, Turnips, Artichoaks, Onyons, Cabbages, Rpots,and 
 Colly flowers, Sparagus, &c. And moft forts of Herbs. 
 Garden herbs, knownio us, in great plenty, 
 
 T heir Fowles, and Birds. 
 
 , Here ts great plenty of Fowl, aswild Turkeys, ‘anins 
 which ofually weigh 6 ftone; Partridges, Swans, dance of 
 Geefe, Ducks, Teal, Widgzons , Dotterells , Fowle, 
 Heatheccks, Oxeyes, Brats, Pidgeons, ‘Cranes, 
 Herons, Eagles, and feveral forts of Hawkes. 
 And for fmall Birds, innumerable quantities of 
 fundry forts, as Blackbirds, Thrufhes, Rea-birds ; 
 
 feiteth the notes of all Birds. 
 Their Wilde Bealls, nina Tame Cattle, 
 
 ~ They have great-ftore of wilde Beafts, as Lyons, Viecints 
 
 ‘Bears, Leopards, Tycars, Wolves, and Dogs like well ftored 
 
 | Fleth is as good as Beef ; Rofconnes- Urchunquow, 
 
 Wolves, but bark not ; Buffeloes, Elks, whofe withbeatts 
 and Tame 
 
 . 2 Cattle. 
 Deer, Hares, Bevers, Ottors, Foxes, Martins, 
 
 Poulcats, Wefells, —Musk-Rats, Flying Squirils, 
 
 '&c. And for Tame (attle, Cows, Sheep, Goats, - 
 
 _ Hoggs, and Horfes in great plenty. 
 
 E Ther 
 
66 Virginia. 
 
 Their Fifh. 
 
 --yarietyof Here is great plenty of Excellent Fifh, as well 
 Fith, inthe Sea, and Bay of Chefopeack, as in the Revers, 
 viz. (ods, Thornback, Sturgeon, Grampufes, Por- 
 pufes; Drums, Ca-Fifh, Baffes, Sheepsheads y | 
 ( which makes Broath like that of A4utton ) Cony- 
 Fifh, Rock-Fifh, Crecy Fifh , White Salmons, 
 Mullets, Soles, Place, eMackrel, Trouts, Per- 
 ches, Conger-Eels, Herrings, Oyflers 5 Shrimps 5 
 
 Cockles., eMufcles, &c. 
 
 Coumodities. 
 
 ThePro- (Commodities which the Countrey doth, or may 
 Pama ofthe produce, are Hemp, Flax, Hops, Rape-feed, 
 ‘ Coumrey. . Aunice-feed, Woad, Méadder, Pot-Afhes, Ho- 
 
 ney, Was, Silk, Cif they would make it, Mulbe- 
 ry-Trees here growing in fuch great plenty ) Sax 
 afras, Sarfaparilla, feveral {weet Gums, and Bal- 
 fomes of Sovereign vertues, feveral forts of Plants, 
 woods, &c. ufed by Dyers, here are veins of A- 
 loms, Iron, and Copper, fandry forts of Rich Furrs, 
 Elk-skins, ( which maketh excellent Buf ) and 
 other Hides, Pitch, Tarr, Roxen, Turpentine, 
 Butter, Cheefe, and falted Flefh and Fife, which 
 find vent at the Barbadoes, and other Caribbee 
 ifles, butabove all thefe, their cheif Commodity 
 is Tobacco, which they are fure to find vent for, 
 and isthe Standard by which all other Commodi 
 ties are prized ; but it were well for the Imbabirants 
 if they would imploy their time,bout the making 
 of Silk, or fome other Cammodities, which in 3) 
 fhort time would be found more advantageous 
 unto them, andthentheir Tabacco would not be 
 fo'greata Drug as of lateitis, infomuch that the|| 
 Fe " ” Aderghant 
 
 TBE cctees eT Qe Baia 8 
 BER ND. ee Men eye 
 
 es 
 een 
 
Virginia, 
 «Merchant oft-times had rather lofe it, then to 
 pay the charges and Duties of Freight, Cuflomes 
 Excife, &c. ce | 
 Here groweth a kind of Flax, called Silk.graf, 
 of which the Indiaus make Thred,& Strings sand is 
 good to make Linzen-cloath, and fhifts,and woulg 
 make excellent (trong Cables. 
 
 Their Trade, 
 
 Here all Trades-men, efpecially Handicrafts 
 finds good encouragement ; and for thofe Commo- 
 dsties aforefaid, the Engiifh ( whohave the fole 
 Trade ) bring them all forts of Apparel, all man- 
 
 Their - 
 
 ner of Vtinfils, belonging to Houfebold- fluff, or Trade. 
 
 neceflary in their Plantations, or otherwife 5 alfo 
 Wine, Brandy, and other {trong Drizks ; likewife 
 all Silks, Stuff, and. Cloath, both Linaen and wollen, 
 which they convert to feveral.ufes according to 
 their Fancics, being now fupplyed by Taylors, 
 
 Their Trees. 
 
 Here groweth fundry forts of Trees, of the red Several 
 and white Oak, Black,Waluug, Cadar, Pine, Cy- good 
 prus, Chefnut, Poppler, eAfh, Elm, Sc. many Woods 
 
 of which are very good for the building of 
 Ships, and other ufes. 
 
 The Rivers. 
 
 This Countrey is wel] watered with feveral 
 sreat, and ftrong Rivers which lofe themfelves 
 inthe Gulph or bay of Chefopeak, which gives 
 entrance for shipping in this Connzry, a9 alfo to 
 Mary- Land next adjoyning ; which faid Bay is 
 yery large, Capacious, and Comodious for Ship- 
 | 2 ping’ 
 
63 Virginia. 
 ping, being faid torun up into the Countrey notth- 
 wards 75 Leagues: its breadth in. many places» 
 . being 5, 6, or 7 Leagues, and fometimes more, 
 and6 or 7 Fathom deep, and its opening to the 
 South between (upe-Henry, which begineth Ver- 
 . ginia, and Cape- Charles on the other fide oppolite, 
 being about 10, or 12 Leagues wide. 
 Tee chief The principal of thefe Revers begineth at Cape- 
 Rivers. /2emry, are Pawhatan, now called Fames- River , 
 being very large and Commodious for fhips, and 
 found navigable about 50 Leagues. Pamaunke, 
 now York River, alfo large and Navigable , a- 
 bout 20° Leagues. Rapabanock or Toppahancck, 
 likewife a good River and Navigable, about 40. 
 Leagues, whichis the laft River of Vorginia North- 
 wardly, that falls into the Bay of Che/opeak, 
 
 Their Towns. 
 
 pon, or near, thefe Revers for the conveni- 
 
 ency of fhipping , the Englsfh are feated , which 
 
 at prefent do amouut unto the number of about 
 
 30, or 40000, and have fome Towns, the chief a- 
 
 ames  mongit which, is tames-T own, or rath¢ Fames Ct- 
 ‘Towa, | #¥, commodioully feated on. Fames-River 5 The 
 ~~“ Town is beautified with many fair and well built 
 Brick Houfes, andasitis the chief town of the 
 Countrey ; hereis kept the Conrts of Fadicatute 
 
 and Offices of publique concern ; not far from 
 
 which, at Greea Spring, refideth the Governonr 
 
 : Sit William Berkley. | 
 ilieabeth Mext to Fames-Town may «be reckoned that of 
 ny, Blizabeth, feated at the mouth of the faid River, 
 
 4a weil built Town. 
 v@ y Alfo Dales-gift, Wicocomeco, Bermuda, and o- 
 
 thers; 
 
 ‘The 
 
 Bee ees 
 
 i cal aided ‘ ° ” s 
 
Ma) 
 
 The Englifh Goverument. 
 
 This Countrey is Governed by Laws agreeable Virginia 
 with thofe of England, for the deciding of allundera — 
 Caufes both Civil and Criminal; which faid Laws good Go- 
 are thus made by the Governonr, appointed by his 
 Mayjefty, with the confent of the General Affembly, 
 which doth confift of his (vuncil , and the Burgef- 
 fes chofen by the Free-bolders, | 
 
 And for the better Government, the Conntrey, 
 which is poffeffed by the @uglifh , is divided in- : 
 to feveral Counties 5 ineach of which are Sheriffs, 
 
 Fuftices of the Peace, and other Officers, which 
 are from time to time appointed by the Governour ; 
 The names of the (ounries are thofe of Caretuck, 
 Charles, Glocefter, Hartford, Flenrico , Fames , 
 New-Kent , Lancaftar, Middlefex, Nanfemuna, 
  Lower-Noerfolk,, Northampton , Northumberland, 
 | Rappabanock, Surrey, Warwick, Weftmorland, 
 Ifle of Weghr, and York, and in each of thefe 
 Counties, areheld petty (vurts, every month, 
 from which there may be 4ppeals to the Quarter- 
 Court held at fames-Towz. 
 
 The Natives or Indians. 
 
 Virginia was, and yetis the habitation of di- 
 | vers forts of Indians , which have no dependance L 
 upon'each other, being of particular Tribes, and 
 having their peculiar Kingto Govern them; eve- 
 | ty Indian-Town,, or rather poor Village, being the 
 habitation of a King ; and thefe People do rather 
 | live at enmity, than amity together. And as to 
 | theic Difpofitions , Manners , Religions, &e. 
 | there is found adifference, but moit of allin their 
 Languages ; fo that thofe People may not impro- 
 
 | age aa perly 
 
FO 
 
 Theis 
 Apparel 
 
 "their 
 Hpiules. 
 
 f 
 
 « Theit 
 : yeis 
 
 Virginia: 
 
 perly be called fo many feveral Warsong. 
 
 They are generally a fort of people well pro- 
 fortionate, ftout, of a fwarthy complexion , 
 
 their Hair black, and flaggy, which they wear 
 
 long ; they are of a ready wit, very Subtle, and 
 Treacherous, not much addicted to labour, be- 
 ing too great lovers of their eafe 3 they are much 
 siven to Hunting , and going to Wars with each 
 othe; their Weapons being the Bow and Ar- 
 vows, at which they are very expert , being good 
 marks.men 3 but of late they have got the ufe of 
 Guns, and other Weapons, through the folly of 
 the Englith in fhewing them. They are very lo- 
 ving and obedient to their Kizgs 5 in matters of 
 Religion, they obferve ftrange Ceremonies , and 
 their Prie/és ( which are efteemed Conjurers make 
 Sacrifices for them. They believe the Tran{migra- 
 tio? of the Soul, and have ftrange fancies about the 
 Creation of the World,they believe there is a God, 
 but think he hath fomething elfe to do then to 
 concern himfelf with things below, as too iniferi- 
 ourfor him, and do therefore not Worfhip him; 
 but the Devil they Worfhip out of a fear, left he 
 fhould deftroy them, as having the power of them. 
 
 Their ¢4pparel isbut mean , only contenting 
 themfelves with fomething to cover their Naked- 
 nefs, and for the better defending themfelves 
 fromthe weather they anoynt their Bodys with 
 certain Oyles mixt with Bears Greafe. : 
 Their Honfes are no better then our Englifh 
 Hog fties,and are made of Boughs,and covered with 
 
 “Bark of Trees; and inthe midit thereof, is placed 
 
 their Chimney, or Fire-place. : 
 
 _. Their Dyct in meanefss is anfwerable to their 
 Houfes, notendeavouring topleafe their Palers 
 With curious Sauces, or pompering their Bodies 
 with provokative Afeats. tg ee 
 
shhh i ae 
 SEELLSLLLALLLLSLS 
 a Me 
 DESCRIP PION 
 OF ; 
 MARYLAND, 
 
 Its Scituation and Bounds, 
 
 He Province of eMaryland lying between 
 the degrees of 37, and 50 minutes , or 
 thereabouts, and 40 degrees of Wortherz 
 Latitude, Ithath for its Bounds on the 
 South, Virginia, (from which it is parted by the 
 River Patowmeck, whofe Southerly bank divides 
 the Province from Virginia; ) on the Eaff, the 
 eAtlantick, Ocean, and Delaware-Bay ; on the 
 North, New-England, and New-York, formerly 
 part of New-England, lyingon the aft fide of 
 Delaware-Bay, and on the Weft, the true Aders- 
 dian of the firft fountain of the River of Patow- 
 
 meck, 
 The Bay of Chefopeack giving entrance to Ships 
 
 into V7 srabaias and Ce dats Watlee through ne ra ge 
 heart of this Province, and is found Navigable 
 
 near 200 Ailes ;into which falls the Rivers of. * 
 Patowmeck, Patuxent, Ann-Arundel, (alias Se- ts Rivers} 
 vern ) and Sa{quefabanongh,lying on the Welt fide : 
 of the Bay; and to the Eatt of the faid Bay,thofe of 
 Choptanke Nantecoke, Pocomecke, and feveral other 
 
 ae : F 4 Rivers. 
 
xe 
 
 Flan Maryland. 
 Rivers and Rivulets, to the great improvement of 
 the Soyl, and Beauryof this Prowiace. Vente 
 The Countrey of late, fince the Felling of the 
 woods, and the Peoples accultoming themfelves to. 
 Englifo Dyer, is very healthful and agreeable to 
 The coun- the conititution of the Kuglifh, few now dying at 
 
 pe) (oy their firt coming, of the Coancreys Difeafe, or fea 
 
 bealchful. foning. Andas tothe Temperature of Air, the 
 
 Heats in Summer, receive fuch feafonable allays 
 from gentle Breezes, and frefh Showers of Rain ; 
 anid the Cold in Winter, is of fo little durance, that 
 the Inhabitants cannot be faid to fuffer by either,” 
 
 Their Sayl, &e. 
 
 The Countrey is generally plain and even, yet 
 rifing infome places into {mall and pleafant Hills, 
 which heighten the beauty of the adjacent Valleys, 
 
 e The Soylis Rich: and Fertil, naturally produ- 
 cing all fuch Commedities as.are in the precedent 
 difcourfe fet down as peculiar to its Neighbouring 
 
 For the Colony; Verginia; as all forts of Beafts and Fowl,’ 
 Beafts, both Tameand Wild 5 Fifh, Fruits, Plants, Roots, 
 Fowl, Herbs, Gams, Trees, Balfomes, &c. As like- 
 Fith, ee 
 Fruits, &c, Wife all Commodities. produced by Induftry, are 
 See inthe -here found in as great plenty, and perfection :. But 
 Defcrip- .the general trade of «Maryland depends chiefly 
 tion of upon Tobacco, which being efteemed better for a 
 Miginia. Foreign Aarket, than that of Virginia, finds 
 / «great Vent abroad; and the Planters at home, . in 
 exchange thereof, are furnifhed by the Aferchant 
 with all neceflaries, for himfelf,his Houfe, Family, 
 and Plentction. SE ERE Hat ie 
 They 2 Lheteis'a:Competent flock of ready Money in 
 eir : eMac AEN : aes : 
 Coyns, this Province both of Englith, Forreign, and his 
 and way of Lordthips own Coyze, yet their chief way of Com- 
 Trade. yuercgis by way i tue or Exchangt.of (om- 
 : - ee * medities, 
 
 @) 
 
Maryland. : en 
 modities, which may be judgedtobeno wayS in- 
 confiderable, fince 100 fail of fhips from Exgland, 
 andthe Englifh Plantations, have of late Years 
 Been known to trade thither in one Year. 
 
 The Natives. 
 
 The Natives, as to their Complexion, Stature, ; 
 Cuftomes, Difpofitions, Laws, Religions, Apparel, Bt 
 Dyer, Houfes, &c. are much the fame as thofe | 
 in Virginia, already treated of 5 being likewife 
 many different Tribes, or forts of People, and 
 each Govern’d by their particular Keng, 
 
 The Government, &c. of thi Countrey, 
 
 This Province of Afaryland, his Adajefly King 
 
 Charles the firit in Anno 1632, granted by Patent 
 
 tothe Right Honourable Cacilins Calvert, Lord 
 
 Baltemore, and to his Heirs and Affignes ; and by 
 
 that Patent created him, andthem, the true and 
 
  abfolute Lords and Propriatars of the fame, ( fa 
 
 ving the Allegiance and Soveraign Dominion due 
 
 tohis ALajefty, his Heirs, and Succeff.urs 5) there- Maryland 
 
 by like wife granting to them all Royal Furi fditts- well Go- 
 
 ons, and Prerogatives both Millitary and Civils as verned, 
 ower of enacting Laws, Martial Laws, making 
 
 of War, and Peace, pardoning of Offences, Con- 
 
 ‘ferring of Honours, (eyning of Money, &c. And * 
 
 in acknowledgment thereot, yeilding and paying 
 
 yearly to his Majefty his Heirs and Succeffors, 
 
 two Indian Arrows at Windfor Caftle inthe Coun- 
 
 ty of Berks, on Eafter Tuefday ; together with the 
 
 Fifth part of all the Gold and Silver Oare that fhall 
 
 be found there. 1 A 
 
 ' For the better inviting of people to fettle here, 
 
 his Lordthip, by advice of the General djfembly of 
 “i ORS iA wy ¥ us ‘ phat? 
 
 * 
 a 
 ¥ 
 
me Maryland. 
 
 “that Provinces hath long fince effablithed a Adodel 
 
 of good and wholfome Laws for the eafe and bene- 
 fit of the Zahabitants, with tolleration of Religion, 
 to all forts that profefs the Faith of Cbrif# : which 
 hath been a principal motive to many to fettle un- 
 der that Government, rather then in another where 
 liberty of Confcience was denyed them. 
 
 Its Divifion auto Counties. 
 
 This Province where it is peopled with Ex- 
 glifh, is fevered into 10 Countzes ; to wit, 5 Eaift- 
 wards of Chefopeak Bay , as Cecil, Dorchefter, 
 Kent, Sommer|et, andTalbct 5 and 5 weltwards 
 of the faid Bay, as Aun-Arundel , Baltemore, 
 Calvert, Charles and St, Maries, And in every 
 one of thefe Counties, there is held an inferiour 
 Court every two months for fmall matters, from 
 which there lyeth Appeals, to the Provincial 
 Court, held at St. Ad¢aries. Here are likewife 
 certain Adagiffrates appointed by his Lordfhip in 
 each County, as Sheriffs, Fuftices of the Peace, &c. 
 
 Their Towns, 
 
 The Inhabitants ( being in number at prefent a- 
 bout 16000 ) have begun the building of feveral 
 Tewns, whichin few Years ’tishoped may come 
 to fome perfection; as Calverton, Herrington, and 
 Harvy-Town, all Commodioufly feated for the 
 benefit of Trade, and conveniency of Shipping, but 
 the principal Town is St. AZaries, feated on St. 
 
 St. Maries Geerges River, being beautified with divers well- 
 
 Lown. 
 
 built Houfes, and is the chief place or fcale of 
 Trade forthe Province, where the Governour the 
 Right Honurable the Lord Baltemore hath 
 his Aloufe, and where the General Affembly, 
 
 and 
 
| Maryland. oe 
 ind Prowjucial Courts are held, and Pablique Of- . 
 fices kept ; but at prefent the faid Governour, 
 doth refide at eMatrapany, about 8 Miles di- 
 {tant where he hath a fair and pleafant Afoufe. 
 And for the better affifting the faid Gover- 
 nour, in matters that concerns the Go« 
 wernment of the Province, he hath his Cown-« 
 cil, &c. 
 
 eb oo she abe 83e ee Zp of Ae 98 A3e Be AZo 
 
LePPoso-doheored 
 A 
 DESCRIPTION 
 OF 
 
 | | New-Y 0 RK. 
 
 Djoyning to Afary-Land, Northwards, 
 
 A isa Colony called New-¥ ork, from his 
 
 Royal Highnefethe Duke of Yor, ‘the 
 
 Proprietor thereof by grant from his ’Ma- 
 
 . jefty, and is that part of New-Exgland which the 
 
 Dutch formerly feized, and called the New-WVe- 
 therlands. 
 
 Its Fertility, &c. 
 
 This Itisa Countrey, of a Rich and Fertile Soyl, well 
 Countrey Watered with Rivers, as is Adary-Land already 
 veryFer- fpoken of, and is found to produce the fame 
 tile, Beafts, Birds, Fifh, Fruits, Commodities, Trees, 
 
 | &c, And inas gteat plenty. 
 
 its Town: 
 
 Here ts one very confiderable Town, firft built 
 
 New-York by the Dutch, and called New- Amfterdam,which 
 "name is now changed to New-York : It is well 
 feated both for Trade, Security, and Pleafure, in 
 
 afmall Ife called Maharan, regarding the Sea, 
 
 made fo by Hudfons-River ,which fevereth it from 
 Long-Tfland, which faid River is very commodi- 
 
 Dus 
 
New-York. | 77 
 }ous for Shipping, and is about two Leagues 
 |broad. The Towz is large, containing about five 
 
 | hundred well-built Aonfes ; and for Civil Goverz- 
 
 | ment, ithatha Adayor, Alderman, a Sherif, and 
 
 | Fuftices of the Peace for their Magiffrates. For 
 
 | the further fecurity of this Town, here is raifed a 
 
 | Fort called fames-Fort, which is very ftrong; and 
 
 | well Defended and Maintained with Adez, and 
 
 | Ammunition, The Towzis Inhabited by the Ea- 
 
 glifh and Dutch, and hath a confiderable Trade 
 
 with the Izdians, for the Skins of Elks, Deer, 
 
 | Bears. &c. Alfo for thofe of Bever, Orter, and 
 other Furrs ; and doth likewife enjoy a good 
 
 | Trade with the Exglifh, ; 
 
 The Natives, 
 
 This Countrey is alfo poffefled with fundry 
 fortsof people, not much unlike the Indians of 
 | Vorginia, being well-proportsoned , Stout, Swar- 
 thy, Black baired, very expertin their Bow, and ~ 
 Arrows, which are their chief weapons of War. phe pir: 
 They are courteous to the Ezglifb, of a ready pofition of 
 Wit, and very apt to receive Initructions from theNatives 
 them; upon theleaft Offence, the man turneth 
 away his wife, and marrieth again, and the Chil. 
 dren begotten by her, fhe taketh with her, the 
 Man not regarding them. Foruication is here 
 permitted. They obferve feveral Ceremonies in 
 their Religious Rites, andare faid to worfhip the 
 Devil, whom they greatly fear. Their Priefts 
 are no better then Sorcerers, who firangely be- 
 witch thefe filly Creatures. When any woman 
 findeth her felf quick with Child, fhe keepeth her- 
 felf chaft, or untouched by man until her delivery, 
 the like the obferveth in the time of her giving 
 suck: A ftrange cuftom which our ZEwropeas 
 . Gir oH 8) NAM Dames 
 
78) t«é«NNev-Yorrk. 
 
 Dames would not well like of ! They are very o~ 
 bedientand loving totheir Kings : They believe 
 the Tranfmigration of the Soul ; and concerning 
 the Creation of the World, have ftrange fantafti- 
 calopinions, They are much additted to Dan- 
 _ emg, Sports, and Recreations, obferving Fefti- 
 
 wal Times. 
 het Hae = Their Aabie is but mean, asthe reft of the Js- 
 bitand dy- deans, yet do they Paine and befmear their 
 
 Bt, Se Faces with feveral Colours by way of Orna- 
 ment, 
 
 Their Dyee and Habitations are alfo as 
 mean. 
 
 They are much addicted to go to Wars againft 
 one another, and do feldome give quarter to a- 
 ny but the Women and Children, whom they 
 preferve, and make ufe of for the encreaficg their 
 ftrength, 
 
 Ss eg 
 set SUBS A Sg. AIAG EBS ES RA aaa ata aaa SRC tS Si ae 2 
 aS SS aS See : ; = : 
 
 —— ” 
 nia oe ET as 
 
A. 
 DESCRIP: TTON 
 OF 
 New-ENGLeA ND, 
 
 ty 
 Its Scttuation, 
 
 : Ew England is feated North of eWary- 
 
 land, which according to the report of 
 
 Capt. Smith, hath 7 Miles of Sea Coaft, 
 
 where are found divers good Havens, 
 
 fome of which are capable to harbour 500 fail of 
 
 Ships from the fury of the Sea, and Winds, by 
 
 reafon of the interpofition of feveral Z/les (to the 
 
 number of about 200 ) which lie about this Coa/, 
 
 And although this Coumtrey is feated in the 
 
 midft of the Temperate Zone, yet is the Chime... 
 more uncertain, as to the Heat and Cold, then...” 
 
 pared as Scotland is to England, 
 The Air. | 
 The 4irishere found very healthful, and very yp, Ay 
 agreeable to the Exgii(h, which makes thempof- ~~" 
 fe{smany potent (olomies, 
 
 dis 
 
"89CS« WNenv-Exnglandd. i 
 
 | - Its Inhabitants. 
 
 the Diz This Conatrey is pofleffed by divers forts of Peo» 
 _ pofition of ple, whoare Governed by their particular Kings, 
 theNatives and do much differ in Cuffomes, and Manners, 
 Beers from one another, as thofe Indians inhabiting in 
 Virgsnias Maryland, Virginia, and other parts of America, 
 . And to live generally at variance with each other, 
 They have their feveral Towns and fettlements, 
 and their Riches doth confift in their Furs, and 
 
 Skins, which they fell to the Exgli(b. 
 
 When firft Ighabited by the Englifh, 
 
 This Connercy became firlk to be a Colony of the 
 Englifo about the Year 1605, being granted by 
 Patent from King Fames, to certain proprietors 
 under the name of the Plym#onth Company ; but di- 
 vers years were fpun out, with great expences, 
 and not without fundry cafualties befalling on the 
 
 | Adventurers; before it became any thing confide- 
 rable, and ina fetled condition. 
 
 Their Rivers and Fifh, 
 
 Fina Miceag 
 athe 
 
 This Countrey is well watered with Rivers, the 
 chiefamongit which, are edgamentico, Conetie- 
 cut, Kinebequy,, Merrimeck, Mifhuin, Miftick, 
 Neraganfet, Pafcataway, Pemnaquid, Tachobacce, 
 &c. Andinthefe Rivers, together with the Sea, 
 
 Excellent are taken excellent Fifh,, as Cod, Thoruback , 
 Fith. Sturgeou,; Porpufes, Haddock , Salmons, Her- 
 | rings, ~Mackeril, Oyfters, Lobfters, Crab-Falh, 
  Torteife, Cocles, ~Mufcles, Clams, Smelts, Eels, 
 Lamprons, eAlewives, Baffes, Hollibuts, Sharks, 
 
 Scales, Grampus, and Whales. i 
 
 ‘ a Their 
 
N ew-England, ; 
 
 Their Fowli, and Birds, 
 
 . Here are great variety of Fowlg, ag Phefanes; 
 Partridges , Heath Gocks , Turkeys , Geefe , 
 Ducks, Herons, (vanes, Cormorants , Swans, 
 . Widgins, Sheldrakes, Snipes, Doppers, Blackbir ds, 
 the Humbird, Loon, Xe, +4) 
 
 The Beafts, both Tame and Wild: 
 
 , The Wild Beatts of chief note, are Lyons, Bears, 
 EF oxes, Rackoons, Moofes, eUufquafhs 5. Otters, 
 Bevers, Deer, fares, Coneys, &e. and for Tame 
 Beafis, Cows, Sheep, Goats, Swine, and Horfes, _ 
 Amongit the hurtful rhings in this Countrey, the toyetyt 
 Rattle-Snake is moit dangerous... Here. are alfo things, 
 feveral forts of Stinging Flyes ; which are found 
 very troublefome to the Jzhabitants. 
 
 Their Trees, and Fruits, 
 
 . Here are fundry forts.of Trees, asthe Oak, CY- Fruits? 
 | pres, Pines Chefnut, Cadar, Walaut, Firr, Afh, °°" 
 Alp, Eluw, Alder, Maple, Birch, Safafras, Su- 
 | mach, feveral Fruit-Trées,as Appless Pears,.Plumbs, 
 | with feweral others that are. growing in Virginia, 
 | and Adary-land, which 1 have already took noe 
 MBE Olan. es poe sraytint sf 
 
 Their Commodities, and Trade, 
 
 te This (oumrey affordeth, feveral forte of TICN Gopsins. 
 Furs, Flax,. Linuen, Amber, Iron, Pitch, Tarr, dices and 
 
 Cables, Mafts,. and Timber to build Ships, alfo Trade. ” 
 | fevera] forts of Grain,, lcs ox seabid oly VERE 
 \ » The Inhabitants drive.a confiderable Trade to 
 Barbadies,’ and other our. Americar Plantations, 
 i G in 
 
 s+ 
 Be 
 
x 
 
 The Go- 
 
 vernment 
 
 habitants 
 of New-. 
 England. 
 
 “82 
 
 : ‘ of the In= 
 
 New-England. 
 in fupplying them with Flower, Bisket, Salt, Flefhis 
 and Fifb, &c. And inreturn bring Sugars, and o 
 ther Commodities, as well for their own ufe, as to 
 fellagain. They alfo drive a confiderable Trade 
 withEngland for wearing. Apparel, Stuffs, Silks, 
 
 Cloath , feveral Urenfils for theit Houfes, Iron, 
 
 Brafs, and fuch like thirgs that are ufeful to man 
 and not found amongit.them. | 
 
 Asto the Coyns, Weights, and eMeafures of 
 New-England, and the telt of the edmerican 
 Plantations belonging to his e#ajefiy, they are 
 ‘the fame with thofe of London, but as to (oyas, 
 they are not much made ufe of in Trade, their 
 way being Bartering, of one Commodity for ano- 
 ther; butat Famaica they have plenty of Spani{h 
 Coins, and at Barbadoes thofe of England, 
 
 The Exglifh now inhabiting in New-England, 
 
 "are very numerous, and powerful, having a great 
 
 many Towns, many of which are confiderable. 
 The Englifh Government, 
 
 The Jababitants are Governed by Laws of their 
 own making, and have their feveral Courts, and 
 places of Fudicature, and aflemble together, at 
 their fet times; and places, as :wellfor the making 
 of New Laws, abolifhing of Old, Hearing, and 
 Determining of Caufes ; as forthe Election of a 
 Governour, ‘Deputy-Governour, eA ffiftantss Bur- 
 geffes, and. other Adagiftrates, (every Town ha- 
 ving two Burgeffes ) each County Annually E- 
 fecting'fuch like Officers, for the looking after the 
 ike Affairsin the faid Colony. And in matters that 
 concern Religion and Church-Government, they are 
 very ftridt and make a great thew, being much°of 
 the iiamp of the Riegid Pre/yrerians. 
 
 oe 
 
 The 
 
New-England, 
 
 The Towns: 
 
 Here are feveral Towns, as Boffon, the Adetro- Boftony. 
 polis of New-England, Commodioufly feated for j 
 Traffique on the Sea-{hore ; It is at prefent a very 
 largeand fpacious Town, or rather City, compo. 
 fed of feveral well-ordered Streets, and graced 
 with fair and beautiful Houfes, which are well 
 Inhabited by «Merchants, and Trade{men, who 
 drive a confiderable Trade for fuch Commodities as 
 the Countrey affordeth, to Barbadoes, and the o- 
 ther Caribbee Ifles, as alfoto England ,and Ireland; 
 taking in Exchange fuch Commodities as each place 
 affordeth, orare found ufeful to them, It is a 
 place of a good ftrength, having two or three Ais 
 adjoyning, on which are raifed Fortifications with 
 Steat “Preces mounted thereon, which are well 
 Suarded, . 
 Charles-Town, feated onand between the Ri- harled 
 vers Charles and Adiftick; it is beautified with a Town. 
 iarge and well-built Church, and ‘near the River 
 fide is the Market-place, {rom which runnethtwo 
 jfireets, in which are divers good EHonfes. : 
 Dorchefter {cituate near the fez, where there Dor 
 dialleth in two Rivulets. An indifferent Towa. ese 
 Cambridg, formerly New-Towsn feated on the Gambridg: 
 4River Aferrimeck : this Town confifteth of feveral ae 
 #Sireets, and is beautified with two Colledzes, and > 
 divers fair, and well-built Houfes, oe 
 
 ch offer 
 
 ane 
 
 iver Sagadebock, Fort. 
 
 q New-Plinouth, feated on that large Bay of 
 PP otuxed, 
 
 Reading , commodioully feated about a great Reading. 
 pond, and well-watered, and Inhabited, In this 
 
 G2 Town 
 
 St. Georges-Fort, feated on the mouth of the Ri- s. Conan 
 
Salemé 
 
 New-England. 
 Town are two A4iWs, one for Corn, and the other , 
 
 for Timber. 
 Salem, pleafantly feated between two Rivers. 
 
 | 
 
 Other Towns placed Alphabetically. 
 
 - Berwick, Braintree, Briffol, Concord, Dart 
 mouth, Dedham, Dover, Exeter, Falmouth, Glow 
 cefter, sreens-Harvour, Hampton, Hartford, Ha 
 verbil, Hinghim, Hull, Ip[wich, Lin, Mulden,) 
 New-bury, New-Havon, Northam, Norwich, 
 Oxford, Rowley, Roxbury, Salsbury, Sandwich, 
 Southampton , Spring field, Sudbury, Taunton » 
 Water Town, Wenham, Weymouth, Woburney 
 and Yarmiuth., . 
 
 Mott of thefe Towns beareth the names front 
 thofe in England, and many of them are of good. 
 account, being commodioufly feated, either on 
 the Sea-Shore, or on Navigable Rivers, and ar€ 
 well!nhabited. And moft of thofe Towss are 
 known-to the /udzans by other Names. : 
 
DPP$lte dsogseoes 
 A 
 DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF 
 NEW-FOUND-LAND, 
 
 Ewfoundland is an Iflandin Extent equal 
 to England, from whence it is diftant,, 
 little above 600 Leagues, lying near half 
 way between Ireland, and Virginia, 
 
 It is fectzared betwixt the degrees of 46, and 
 33, of Northern Latitudes, ‘and it is only fevered 
 fromthe Continent of e4merica, by an Arm of 
 the Sea, like that which feparates England from 
 France. 
 
 Tts Scituas 
 tion. 
 
 Its Bays, Rivers, Fifh, Fowl, Rial &e, ’ 
 
 Itis Famous for many fpacious and excellent Tes Bays & 
 Bays, and Harbours, and within the Land for the Rivers. 
 variety of Frefh Springs, whofe waters are ex- 
 ceeding delicious. - 
 
 Itis enriched by nature, with plenty of Fifh, i.s¢im, 
 Land, and Water-Fowl, and fufficiently ftockt with Fowles, 
 Deer, Hares, Otters, Foxes; Squirils, and other Beatts, 
 Beafts which yeild good Furrs': And though not 
 over-run generally with Woods, it doth afford 
 ( befides ttore of Fewel ) abundance of ftately recs, 
 Trees, fit for Timber, AM afisy Planks, and fun- 
 dry other ufes, 
 
 G3 The 
 
New-F ound-Lan , 
 The foyl and Climate. 
 
 The Soy! in molt places is reputed fertile; the 
 Climate wholfome , though the rigour of the. 
 wiater feafon, andthe excefs of Heats in Summer, 
 doth detratt fomething from its due praife, 
 
 How Inhabited, 
 
 Feinhabis The North and Weft part of this Countrey. the 
 hints Wative-Indians Inhabit, though but fewin num 
 ber, and thofe a morerude and favage fort of Peo- 
 ple then thofeof New-England and other places 
 in the adjacent Continent, already taken notice of. 
 
 New Found-Land firft difcovered by the Englifh, 
 
 heEn- ‘The I/land of New-found Land was firlt difco- 
 
 gifirche vered by the Englifh, who are the true Proprietors 
 
 Prietors: thereof, excluding all Forreign right, and juitt- 
 
 of New. fying the fame to belong to the Crown of Exgland 
 
 Found only, whofe Intereft hath been there continued by 
 
 hand” feveral, under the Reigns of divers Kings and 
 Queens, | ce 
 
 Theid:. dn the year : 1623, Sit George Calvert Knight, 
 
 Baltemore then Principal Secretary of State, and afterwards 
 thepro- ’ Ld. Balemore, obtained a Patent of partof New- 
 Hie found-land , which was erected into a Province, 
 ta New, 2nd called Avalon; where he caufed a Plantation 
 Foung. tobe fetled, anda ftately Houfe and Fort to be 
 and: builtat Ferryland, and afterwards Tranfported 
 a himfelf and Family thither, and continuing the 
 Plantation by his Depaty, ull by defcent ( after his 
 Lordfhips deceafe) it came to his fon and heir the 
 Right Honorable Cyciliws, now Lord Baltemores 
 Who by Depatics from time to time, was no lefs 
 
 careful 
 
careful to preferve his Intereft there, which 7 
 (though during the lait troubles in England it, ~ ' 
 was by Sir David Kirks means, for fome years dif, Ea en. 
 continued, he was foon reinvetted in the fame by ; 
 his Majeities moft happy Reffauration. . io 
 Thereisno part of New-Found- Land generally 
 more happy for multiplicity of excellent Bays, 
 and Harbours, then this Province, and where vait 
 quantities of Fijh are yearly caught by the En. 
 glifh, efpecially at Ferryland, and the Bay of Bulls. 
 But the whole Coaj? of the Ifland, affords infinite 
 plenty of Cod, and Peor-Fchn, which is the chief 
 Commodity of the fle, whichis grownto a fetled 
 Trade, tor thefe many yeats, sto the enrichment of 
 all thofe that Trade thither, se 
 
 ef great bank of Land, 
 
 . Eaft of Newfoundland, over againtt Cape-Ray, Apréat 
 at the ciftance of about 70 miles, lyeth a great bank, of 
 Bank of Land, ef about 300 milesin.Length, and*42™s 
 not above Seventy five in Breadth, whete broa- 
 
 deft. it lies under the Sea many Fadoms deep, fo 
 
 the Ships of a confiderable Bufthen may nide over 
 itzand about this Bank lies difperfed feveral 
 fmall Zfles, called by St, Sedajtion Cabot ( the fir 
 difcoverer ) Los Baccaloos, or the ifles of Cod fh» ® 
 from the prodigious quantities of Cod-fih there 
 found, which were faid to*obftruct the paflage 
 his Vellels, = «Ro § a 
 
 The Trade to vbis Iftand, 
 
 The French, Dutch, Bifcaners, and other Na- Apres 
 tions that yearly rade hither amounting to be.be- Trade _ 
 tween 3 or 400 Veffels, are affured to fin fuffici- Bere dri- 
 ent Freight ofGpdiggd Poor Fohn, which they find "™ 
 
 5 G 4 | good 
 
oe $8, —  New-Found-Land. 
 g C0 hod vent for in the Streights, Spain, France, and 
 0. —oriier Conntreys to their great profit and encou- 
 & 9 Efjesmen ie EnglfbailigenttoinfpeCk the ad 
 : | ; ~ And were the Englifh diligent to infpect the ad- 
 oO (o hes vantage hip hee ea re ‘Nation, by fet- 
 ling Plantations, onthe Ifland, and raifing Zorté- 
 a fications for the fecurity of the place ; we might 
 give Law to all forreigners that come to Fufb 
 there, andin few years engrofs the whole Fifhery 
 
 < EOF, to our felves : the greateft Balance perchance of 
 
 i yy se 
 
wna 
 
 | SA ) | Lérrite 
 > ‘ 
 
 Q \W¥ tlhe Duan Hoggs or 
 
 j, it appears, that the 
 
 aly Commanded by the 
 
 _,swowes and Spaniards, who kept a con- 
 Jartifon in the Caftle th at ftands at. the head 
 
 .tne Mold, of about 300Meen, until the defeat — 
 of Bajazet by Tamerlane the Great; When two 
 Brigantines of fugitive Trwks put in there for 
 fhelter, who confpiring ith the edrabs and 
 ie es as ns iM oor $y 
 
na. % | * The prefent State. 
 
 4 
 
 + ALGIERS, 
 
 dn the Year, 1678. r 
 Alfo, 
 AV Lift of the Ships then be- 
 
 longing to that Port. 
 
 LIES 
 
 ff 
 PE 
 
 ¢ Gi 
 
 ne 
 
ep eee ee 
 
 SESHEIESLELESESS 
 THE - 
 Prefent State 
 
 OF 
 
 AL GTE fie 
 
 Their firft Rife. The feveral Chan- 
 ges of the Government. The man- 
 ner of the prefent State. The prin- 
 cipall Perfons in Credit, What 
 people the City of Algiers confifts 
 of, and the Number of the Inbabi- 
 tants. Their Navall Forces and 
 Sea-difcipline. Their Territo- 
 ries, Revenue and Trade. 
 
 publique Secretary, it appears, that the 
 
 ' ¥ the ancient Records of tlhe Duan Hoggi or 
 B City was formerly Ccymmanded by the 
 
 Genoues and Spaniards, who kept a con- 
 
 -  ftant Garrifon in the Cattle th at ftands at. the head 
 
 of the Mold, of about 300 Mien, until the defeat 
 « of Bajazet by Tamerlane th ¢ Great; When two 
 Brigantines of fugitive Traks put in there for 
 fhelter, who confpiring with the ¢drabs and © 
 Sued oleae pe °° _ Moors, 
 
SRS tie 
 
 eMoors, inafe 
 were at Maile, fellupon them, and became their 
 Matters. Whereupon as having before practiced 
 ‘the Trade of Piracy, they armed all the Veffells 
 they could make themfelves Matters of, andina 
 fhort time had 1g0 Sail in Corfo: They built then 
 _ likewife the Caffake where the publique Trea- 
 _ fure is ‘kept,’ and the principall Magazine for 
 Armes and provilions, and formed a government 
 by a Duan, who was to fet every Saturday to con- 
 
 e prefent State 
 
 fult of private affairs ; Till in the year of the 
 
 flegira; 810, in refpect'to the Grand Seignior 
 ‘they admitted Bajhaws of his, to precide in the 
 Duan, and to govern them: the Command of the 
 Caffake only keeping in their hands ; ‘the firlt 
 whereof: was called Ofman- Bafbaw, allowing 
 them 1200 Pollars per Az#um out of the pay, be- 
 fides the Allowance of all forts of provifions for his 
 whole Familyand Officers. | ; 
 Under thefe Bafbaws, who above the faid allow- 
 ance found ways to exact great Treafures from 
 the e#Moors and Inhabitants, infomuch that fomé 
 of them after their ordinary 3 years Refidence have 
 been known to carry away 200000 Dollars; be- 
 fides Jewels, @¢. They livedin great obedience 
 notwithftanding all the faid oppreffions, untill the 
 time of Ufuff Bafhaw a gallant Prince, and one 
 that made it more his bufinefs to encreafe the Con- 
 qGueits againft thie Moors; then to Mafle up 
 ‘ wealth: For which'reafon then upon the Petition 
 of ‘the publique san his Commiffion by the 
 Grand Seignior was renewed, He took (onftan- 
 tine from the Moors , Bugia from the Chriitiaris, 
 and Bona from the 7 wnifeens, Marched with his 
 Army into the Zachai-y bodayes Se, and continued 
 his Conquefts:4 momihs march towards Angola, 
 ail which are 10 this da y tributary to edigicrs: fo 
 ) Lies having 
 
 w days after on a holy-day as they | 
 
OOF Algiers. | 
 
 great Triumph , accompanied with all the popu- 
 lar applaufes imaginable. But all this could. not 
 fave him from the fecret confpiracy of his Kya , 
 who having had the fweetnefs and benefit of the 
 pay, inhis abfence made a faCtion againft him, 
 murthering him inthe Badiffan or Market-place , 
 in the year 1642. 
 
 Since which time though they have received the 
 Bafhaws , fent by the Grand Seignior, yet have 
 
 they never admitted them to fitin the Duan, orto © 
 
 meddle with publick affairs , but have been Me- 
 zuled, receiving only their ancient. allowance ; 
 The extraordinary Revenues being wholly taken 
 away: So that his place being of not fo great pro- 
 fit as was formerly, it hath not been. fo greedily 
 fought for at the Ottoman Port : Witnefs this 
 prefent Bafhaw Jfmael, who hath lived here. now 
 - 15 years , after the faid Rebellion there has 
 been a perfonchofen out of the Duaz to fit over 
 the pay, and had the ftile of Governours to his 
 care was committed the receipt and payment of all 
 mony brought into the publique, and his.prefence 
 required at the pay of the Soldiers:,' which is e- 
 verytwo months: 13 perfons have fince fucceed- 
 éd inthis Office, whereof J finde but one to have 
 _ dyed in hisbed, others having been poifoned or 
 murthered by fome means or other: The laft that 
 ferved inthis Office was edly e4ga: and cut in 
 peices by the Soldiersin the year 1672. after the 
 {hips were burnt at Bugz, when the faid Aly Aga 
 came to the government. The Duan.confitted of 
 Bulgabaflees , Yeobafhees, and Yeondabafhees , in 
 all about 1000 perfons : befides the Soldiers 
 would come into the Daz upon any forsrein .af- 
 fairs that was to be debated; fo that it was a Rabe 
 
 _ Bleof people, and confufed multitude ,. untill he” 
 
 fourd’ 
 
 having been 2 years in the Camp, he returned in. 
 
> The prefent State 
 
 “fourid to reduce them to 48 of each Quality before 
 
 mentioned, vz. 144 perfonsin all, whereof he 
 was thehead. Thedaythat he was murthered, 
 all'the Soldiets were in arms, in great conffiuon ; 
 fome that were of his party fled and efcaped, and 
 others were kil'd in the ftreet, and in their houfes, 
 The Balhaw then brought out the Grand Seigniors 
 Bandara, and made Bargain that ail the Soldiers 
 fhould come under it, which was readily fubmitted 
 to; Sothat twas believed the Bafhaw would be 
 broughtinto the Kings houfe or piace of Judica- 
 ture, and the formerauthority of his predeceffor 
 not only reftored, bur alfo the Keys of the €zf/zbe 
 Siven to him; When in the Middle of the Tumult, 
 a bolder fellow then the reft, cryed out, t6 bring 
 in eMahomet Rais Treig, formerly Admiral, but: 
 
 at that timein difgrace, this cry was feconded by 
 
 all the Sea-faring People, andinleffe then half an 
 hour it was determined to fetch Treig to the Kings 
 houfe. “The Old-man knew not whither they 
 came to Kill or Crown him, but as foon as he 
 came there, he was given tounderftand, that they 
 had chofen him Governour, which he obftinately 
 refufed, untill fome that occafioned his coming 
 thither, cryed, Father, will'you let us fuffer by 
 your humility ? upon which he made 2 bold fpeech 
 to the Soldiers, telling them withall, if they gave 
 the Government into his hands, he would be ab- 
 folute, -and‘no ways controlled by the Duazz ; 
 whofe counfell he would willingly adhere unto, 
 butthe deciffive Vote tobe left to him ; they un- 
 willing torefufehimany thing at that time; did 
 above all things deliver unto himthe: Keys of the 
 Cagzke, never before in the poffeffion of one man, 
 but kept by {eighty Bulgabafkees that attended 
 there by turns ; 80 every week going 
 up, and exchanging the other So. and fo proclaim- 
 
of Algiers. be : " 
 
 ing himby the Name of Dey; making him fuper- 
 intendant over all the Militia by Sea and ‘Land 5 
 Director of the Cadees, and head of the Duan; ~ 
 To his affiftance they joyned Bobbe Haffaz, one 
 
 that married his Daughter ; a fiout Turk, and - 
 
 well learned in the eMahometan Law : To his 
 charge is committed all receipts and payments 5 
 fo that he has the farne Office , the former Go- 
 vernours had: he is intitled the Deys Lieutenant, 
 and General ofthe Army out of the City. He 
 aCtsinall refpects with as abfolute power as the 
 Dey himfelf and neither of them makes ufe of ‘the 
 Duan for any thing but trifling affairs. 
 
 There is alfoan e4ga or Lord-Major of the 
 City exchanged every two months : This Office 
 istaken gradually, as will be feen in the Man- 
 ner of the Militia; he is attended by 8 Grand 
 Choufes, and feveral other Officers , hath Drums, 
 Trumpets, and other mufick allowed him, and 
 12000. dollars to defray the charge of his Agafhzp. 
 He is the fecond perfon in the Duaz, and has a 
 Kia rhat acts like a Chamberlain of the City, afd 
 decides all differences that happen between one 
 Inhabitant and another, unlefsit be fome crimi- 
 nal Caufe,; and then he carries’ them to the 
 Dey ; ora Caufe in Law about the Title of houfes, 
 @c. andthen he fends them to: the Caddz, who 
 is to determine the matter Grats : All other pla- 
 ces of truft, Civillas well as Military, are whol- 
 lyin the difpofal of the Dey, or his Lieutenant 
 Bobba Haffan ; who fowell underftand each’ o- 
 ther in the Government, that hitherto nothing 
 has been contradicted what one has propofed or 
 acted. sed 
 
 1. The City confifts of feveral forts of people 
 as Cololis, or the Sons of Turks born here; which 
 for the moft part are brought up to handy-Crafe 
 ook tie Trades. 
 
‘The prefent State 
 Trades. For fince the time of Aaharam Bafhaw, | 
 which wasin the year 1625. the Cololi, made a © 
 confpiracy againit the Government, ‘and feized 
 on the Caffake, and blew icup, wherein was by 
 eftimation 500 barrels of powder, hoping by this 
 means to bring the Government into their, hands, 
 but they were prefently. overcome + And it was 
 then decreed , that none of the (lol: fhould ever 
 be capable of any publick Office by land for the 
 future; yet they are continued in pay, and may 
 rife to 40. doubles per Month, according to their 
 Menits,..... 1. pli veaitios | 
 
 2. The fews, whereof there aretwo forts ; the 
 Natives confiiting of 13000. families; which for 
 the molt part are handy-Craftfmen and Brokers. 
 The other Chriitian Jews, fo called becaufe they 
 are bred up in Spain, Portugal , and Italy : he 
 goes habited like the people of the Country from 
 whence he came; thefe are for the mot part Mer- 
 chants and cunning fellows above the reit, 
 
 3. The Tagareens, or banifht Moors from Ax- 
 dalazia, of which there is about 800. families 
 they are the principall people that deal in Slaves,’ 
 and are great e4rmadors, to fit out Ships againit 
 the Chriftians , being for the molt part very rich. 
 
 4. Ferbeens, fo called from the [fle of Ferbes 
 near Tunis, thefe are all Merchants and Pedlars, 
 and may be about 300 families, befides comers 
 and goers, who may have 6 or 8barks and Vel- 
 fells yearly trading between Ferbes, Alexandria, 
 Tripoli, Tunu, and eAlgiers...,.. 
 
 §- The Native Moors that have by little and. 
 little, gotten houfes and habitations. within the 
 City, thefebe about 700. families, | 
 
 6. (abiles , Bifcaryes', and eAoors : from .the 
 Zachary or Southern Country ;° they. ferve as por- 
 fers, and are lefle eitcemed ainong the gins 
 {nen 
 
Of Algerie 
 then Chriftian flaves. They attend the Soldiers to 
 drefle their horfes, and other flavith fervices ; 
 for which they have no other Reward but a little 
 bread : They are in numberat leat 5000. 
 
 7- [know not ifit may be proper to fet down 
 here the Chriftian flaves alfo, that according to 
 the beft computation, are conftantly. in Cirea, 
 18000 .0f which about 900. are gally-flaves, who 
 are very miferable, the reft are imployed by their 
 feveral Patrons, fome in their, gardens, houfes, 
 orfent to Sea, according to the profeflions and 
 Quality of their Patrons, by whom for the moft 
 part they are better treated then any flaves in the 
 Grand-Seigniors Dominions: having the benefit 
 
 .to keep Shops, Taverns, or work upon their 
 handicraft-trade , paying their Patrons certainty 
 per month, not exceeding 3 Dollats per month, 
 according to the beft agreement they can make ; 
 and what they make more, is notin the power of 
 the Patron to take away from them, by which 
 meansmany thoufand Captives obtain their li- 
 berty by their own indultry. 
 They have alfo liberty to fay and hear Maffe e- 
 very day inthe week at the refpective Banyard, 
 and place allowed for that fervice : The Prote- 
 {tants alfo have a place to preach and pray in ; the 
 which is performed in the Englith Con/ulls houfe, 
 by the feveral Nations, as Englifh, Germans, | 
 Datch, Ge’ , 
 
 They have alfo an Hofpitall maintained by the 
 King of Spaz , with an allowance of 12000. Dol- 
 lars per annum, and Doctors, Chyrurgeons, and 
 Apothecarys , .and two Fathers of the Order of 
 Saint Trzxity, to fay Mafs. Thereis alfoa Vicar- 
 general, who hath an allowance of 600. Dollars 
 per annum, fromoutof France, being left as a 
 Legacy by the Qld Dutchefle of Orleans : All the 
 i" H ~.  aforenamed 
 ‘, 
 
The prefent State 
 
 -aforenamed people are commanded by the Ze. ’ 
 want Turks, which in all exceed not 16000. Out — 
 of which they have 3. Camps, or marching Ar- | 
 
 mies, and 13. Garrifons tobe fupplyed , befides 
 
 the Ships, and Gallyes at Sea : So that in the © 
 Town, togovern this vaft multitude ; is feldome | 
 
 left more then two thoufand Soldiers. 
 It would filla great Volume to relate the dife | 
 ferences and herefies they have one among the o- | 
 
 ther in their Religion, but all the Mahometans fre. | 
 
 quent one and the fame Mofques, and Churches , 
 
 and are not foinveterate one again{t the other as 
 the feveral fects among the Chriftians. 
 The Militia confifts of two forts of Soldiers, of 
 
 which the principal are the Levant Turks, brought. 
 hither yearly by Ships, thatare employ’d in that | 
 fervice , asoccafion requires ; At their firft en- | 
 
 trance into the pay, they are called Youxg Turks, | 
 
 and have 4 doubles per month, and 4 loaves of 
 
 bread per diew , andalodging in the, Cafharee or | 
 
 publick Quarter ; his pay encreafes one double 
 per annum, andone double every time he goes in- 
 
 i 
 
 to the Camp, and engages againft the Enemy, | 
 
 andone double for every head he brings from the 
 Enemy, Atthedeath or removallofany Bafhaw, 
 Dey or Governour, the pay encreafes one double 
 _permonth, untillhis pay amounts to 40 doubles 
 
 per month, .and his bread to 8 loaves, per diem, 
 
 and then heis infull pay , and can rife no higher | 
 
 in pay although he has never fo high’ an Office, | 
 So that the Dey himfelf his pay is no more -then | 
 
 40 doubles per month , and 8 loaves of bread, 
 
 though he has other perquifites, ec. that amounts 
 
 to a vaft but an unknown fum. 
 
 _A Soldiers firft preferment isto be a-Spahi ot 
 
 Trooper: froma Spahihe comes to bea fteward 
 
 of the Cafharee or a QuartersMaiter for his Tent; } 
 | ; from 
 
: of Algiers. a) 
 from thence an Onde-bafhaw and then a Yco-bafhee. 
 The Eldett Yeo bafhee is Kia or High-theriff of the 
 City; whoin2 months becomes e4ga or Lord 
 Major ofthe City ; whofe Office, as I have a- 
 -forefaid , Jafts but 2 months, and then he is Mefu- 
 _Tedand pait all Offices of the Government, ftands 
 infull pay, andiscalled a A4efnled Aga: It is 
 | ufuall to be 30 or 49. years in pay before they 
 “come to that Office : But the pooreft Soldier, and 
 though never fo ignorant or uncapable , when his 
 turncomes, is feton horfe-back, and hasa rich 
 Veit putupon him, and made 4¢2 for 2 months, 
 which may be worth him befides the honour about 
 goo dollers. 
 There are feveral Soldiers who after they arrive 
 to be Spabies, defiretocontinue fo, and then the 
 nexttohim takes his Office: Of thefe are about 
 2000. that have an allowance for their horfes, and 
 are in full pay, keep runing up and down the 
 Country , and have free-Quarter whereever they 
 goamong the Moors, and aflift the Beyes to gather 
 incontribution, @c. 2 
 A Renegado that is written in the pay, enjoys 
 allthe benefit that a natural Turk doth, and is 
 made 4¢a when histurn comes as well as a Le- 
 vant Turk, \faflaveturn Renegado, it is in the 
 pleafure of his Patron, to have him written in the 
 pay, for he continues itill a flave unlefs his Patron 
 give him his Liberty: There are Revegado’s writ- 
 ten in pay about 3000. 
 The next fort of Soldiers are called Zwows = 
 Thefe are Moors that lift themfelves in pay upon 
 any extraordinary occafion, andare Durante be- 
 neplacito, and their pay never exceeds above 20. 
 doubles per month, but their Officers which are ele. 
 Ctive are better paid. Thefe are always placed in 
 the Front of the battle with muskets - To which 
 , Ma may 
 
The prefent State 
 
 may be added the Subbylins, a fort of refolute 
 Moors,’ that wait upon the Turks and live upon | 
 _ the fpoil of the Enemy, They Fight with pikes or 
 _ lances only. Of the Zwows are in Number and — 
 pay, about 4000, 
 When they Fight with the Moors, and over- | 
 come them, all the fpoii ofthe Enemy is brought _ 
 to the Deys ur General Tent; It being accounted # 
 a great crime and difgrace for any Soldier to touch | 
 the worth of an’Afper ;. but to get the heads of the 
 Moorsand bring them tothe Deys Tent; recet |) 
 ving for every head, as’ before has been faid, a” 
 ~ double per month in pay, till he come to full pay ; 
 by which means they feldome or never give Quar- 
 ter in time of Fight. Nor is there any enemics in] 
 the world that have hatred one to another as the” 
 Moors‘and Turks. Their order.of March and: dif- 
 cipline inthe Camp isfo little different from the 
 Turks in other parts of the Graad-Seigvicrs Terrie || 
 tories, thatit will be ricedléfs-to relate more Of | 
 them. - a 
 Their Naval Forces about 6 years fince was the 
 greateft part deftroyed by the Englifly at Cape }} 
 Spartel.and Bugia, but they have fince bujlt about | 
 40 faylof Ships, good Men of War,: from 20 to 
 fifty Gunsand upwards, befides Brigantines, Gale | 
 ly’s, and other forall Craft; A Viit of the moit con- 
 fiderable being annexed to this’ ditcourfe.. But) 
 fince onr laft breach withthem, there has been fez 
 veral taken and funk, which are noted in the Lif. | 
 have alfo added a lift of the EnglifhShips taken’ 
 by them. The manner of maintaining, their Ships 
 is quite different te any that I have ever feen or 
 heard of; For of allthe faid Ships and ‘Gally’s not || 
 -one of them belongs to the publique, but all to} 
 _ | private perfons, Armed‘out as our Priveteers are | 
 in€ngland,  — fs 
 The* 
 
of Algiers. | 
 The Soldiers that goto Seainthe Ships are not 
 taken notice of when they imbarque, nor are any 
 
 Commanded to that fervice; Sothatit is not eafy 
 to know how many men goes in each Ship, being 
 
 fometimes twice as many asat other times: andif 
 a Soldier lofe a eg oran arm in the Sea-fervice , 
 he iscut off half his pay , and is uncapable of any 
 
 other Office inthe publick, The Armadors that. 
 
 fit out the fhips, provide no Ammunition for the 
 fmaljl Arms, but each Soldier findes his own Mus- 
 ket and Cutles, with powder and fhot: For pro- 
 vifions they have only bread and vinegar and a 
 few Olives from the Armadors. 
 
 They lye always upon the deck without Cabins 
 
 or Hamacks, and are Quartered in time of fight 
 not much different to what they arein our Men of 
 War: The Soldiers that are upon the upper deck, 
 and ftand only to their Muskets , are called Tyffa : 
 they have great encouragement for entring a prize 
 ifthe fights. He that gets the Enfigne has a Reward, 
 
 fometimes of 300 dollars, and the like is givento - 
 
 the firft, fecond, and third man that enters , ac- 
 cording to the hazard he hath attenrpted when a 
 prize istaken. There is no plunder belongs to any 
 -one, burallis brought to the mainmaft and fold, 
 andthe mony is kept and joyned to the reft that 
 “the Ship, Goods, and flavesare fold for. 
 
 One Eighth part of the goods and flaves belong 
 
 to the publick and half of the hull of the Ship, The 
 other half belongs to the Armadors, after the bay- 
 fick or publick part is deducted. One half of the 
 reft is the e4rmadors , the Remainder belongs to 
 the Ships Company , and is thus fhared. Le 
 The Caphi has 20. thares for himfelf, the Lieute- 
 nant 5 fhares, the Gunner 3. fhares, the Gunroom 
 Crew and beft Soldiers have 2. fhares,the common 
 - Soldiers one fhare, the Chriftian flaves 2. fhares, 
 H 3 a 
 
G37 | 
 afavage Moor, of which many go to Sea, one © 
 
 i The prefent State 
 
 fhare. ) 
 There goes alwaysan ga in each Ship, whofe 
 Office is the fame of a Judge Advocate, and has a 
 
 _ greater Command over the men then the Captain, 
 
 except in time of Fight : he is fent on board by 
 the publick to repreient at his return any diffe- 
 rence that fhould happen on board in time of the 
 
  woyage : he has for his pains 3. fhares. 
 
 Atl goods thatare taken in the prize, as welt 
 the Chriftians as the hullof the Ship, are fold by 
 an Out-cry , andthe whole fum kept entire untill 
 all be fold , and then after the publick part is de- 
 ducted, the Armadors and Soldiers fhare the réft 
 as beforementioned. 
 
 The Galleys are feldome armed out but in the 
 Summer, and arerather a charge to the Armadors 
 then a profit, having feldome taken any purchafe 
 confiderable; the charges putting out a Galley is 
 
 ufually upon fuch perfons as are known to be very | 
 
 wealthy, who havea banyard to keep their flaves, 
 
 whereof there are 3 according to the Number of — 
 
 the Gallyes, toeach whereof belongs 300 flaves,. 
 out of whofe Ranfomies the Armadors draw no 
 
 ~ Ginall profit; buying them commonly foran incon- 
 
 fiderable price; and not granting them their Liber- 
 ty again but at high rates ; the pooreit of them 
 p2ys tooo doubles, or about 300 dollars, port- 
 charges included. | 
 The Territories of ¢£lziers are bounded on the 
 eaft with Tame, within 2 days march of. that City 
 isa Town called (alla Affenan, where is a garri- 
 fon of 20 Soldiers fent from Algiers ; the yearly 
 JSribute brought from thence is 20000 doubles. 
 | The next is Trbnifa, a garrifon of the like 
 
 force, and paid the fame Tribute of za000 doubles: | 
 
 per dnnum, - ; 
 eke The 
 
Of ALQteN ae ee 
 
 | Thenextis Bifeary, it lies Se from dlgéers 15 
 days Journey, hath a garrifon of 100 Soldiers, 
 and pays Tribute 120000 doubles per Annum, The 
 Soldiers of Bifcary upon their yearly exchange, in 
 their march home, receive their yearly tribute 
 
 _ of thirty Negroes from a place called Worgola, 
 The next is (onftantine, a famous and firong 
 City, fo well feated and fortified, that 100 Soldi- 
 ers lying in garrifon are able to defend it againft 
 10000 ; and pays tribute 150000 doubles, 
 
 The next to Conftantine is Bona Hafa, a garri- 
 fon of 100 Soldiers, and pays 10000 doubles per 
 Annum, 100 kentalls of butter. 
 
 The next is Aefella, and has 20 Soldiers, pays 
 
 _ tribute 10000 doubles. 
 - Thenextis Lemora, and has 20 Soldiers, and 
 pays tribute 8000 doubles per Annum. 
 
 The next is Barenan, a famous City built by 
 the Chriftians, and feated among the Mountains 
 7 days march Se ; Ithath agarrifon of eighty Sol- 
 diers, and pays tribute tothe Bey or General of 
 
 the Army, 0000 doubles per Annum. 
 
 ‘The next is Coole near Bona, a Sea-port, and 
 “hath 20 Soldiers, and pays 15000 doubles per ene 
 num. 
 
 The nextis:Giggery, hatha garrifon of 20 men, 
 and pays 15000 doubles per Annum, famous for 
 
 | the great defeat given the French there, in the 
 | year 1663. | 
 ” The next is Bugie, where Sir Edward Sprag 
 | burnt their Armada, hatha garrifon of 100 Sol- 
 diers, and pays 12000 donbles per Annum. 
 
 To the Weftward their territories extends 2 
 days journey from Fez, and c.Morocco ; The prin- 
 
 . cipall and moft remote Town is Tamafin ; an anci- 
 ” entand large City well inhabited by the Moors 
 
 “and Cololi, who are marryed and live there ; the 
 H 4 garrifen 
 
14 
 
 ‘The prefent State 
 garrifon confifts of 100 Soldiers, and pays 100000 
 doubles per Annum, BS : 
 
 The next to Trimafin is Cola Bana Rafhat, hath 
 20 Soldiers,and pays tribute 20000 doubles per An. 
 unm. 
 
 The next 1s AZufiagan,a fine Town well fortified 
 on the Sea-fide, has a garrifon of 100 Soldiers, 
 and paystributeto the Bey, 100000, doubles per 
 Annan. 
 
 Befides thefe is Sher{hell, Dellus, Collia, Beeda, 
 cMilyeane, Maffona, Medden, and diverfe o- 
 ther Towns inhabited by the Moors, and feveral 
 ‘Lurks are married, and live among them. 
 
 For the Collection of thefe contributions of all 
 thefe parts, are 3 Camps yearly fent forth, be- 
 fides the forementioned garrifon, who are yearly 
 relieved : To each of thefe Camps is a Bey or Ge- 
 nerall that farms the Contribution. 
 
 The firft Camp is called the Shurt AZahallas, 
 commanded by Waradine Bey, and rangeth all the 
 Eaft, as far as their utmoft ‘bounds to the Eatt- 
 wards, his Army confilts of so Tents, in each 
 Tent is 40 Soldiers, he pays so000 doubles per 
 Annum, 
 
 The fecondis Aguhalla Tittera, or the South- 
 ward Kamp. They confift of 13 Tents, and 200 
 Spabees, they are commanded by Delle Bey; who 
 gathers contribution 60 days journey Southward, 
 from whence he brings many Negros of Azgola, 
 and fometinses gold, having farmed it for r13c00 
 doubles per Arnum. ; 
 
 The third is Carpe AMaballas, or the Wettern 
 Kamp, they confiftof 60 Tents, and gather con- 
 tribution within2, days journey of Fez, and all 
 the Weftward parts from Algiers, This Camp is 
 Commanded by Bez Ajhia Melivs, brother to the 
 Captain that wastakenin the Algier Frigat, he 
 per 
 
- oF Algiers. % 1g 
 pays the publick s000 doubles per Annam: | 
 
 Befides the Revenues, the City of Algiers req 
 ceives from the handicraft-Trades, 18180 Dollars 
 per Annum. 
 
 The Jews pay 2886 Dollars per Annum. 
 
 The Farmers of the wax and hides, pay 83000 
 dollars per Annum, 
 
 The French pays for the Corall-Fifhing at Ba/ti- 
 on, 25000 dollars per Annum, 
 
 The Genovees pay for the priviledgesthey enjoy 
 upon Tabaréa 109000 dollars per Annum. 
 
 The Cuftome of goods may amount to 20000 
 dollars per eAnunm. | 
 
 Moreover if any Turk dyes without any heir 
 lawfully begotten, his whole eftate goes to the 
 publick ; if he has one or more Daughters, the 
 goods of a Turk are given to the Daughter ; but 
 ofa Moor, a daughter cannot inherit. This brings 
 in an unknown and vaft Revenue; It hath been 
 computed fome years to amount to 4oooco dol- 
 lars. : 
 
 From the poor flaves arifes no fmall profit to the 
 publique, for after the flavesare fold at the Ba- 
 aiftan or Market-place, they are carryed to the 
 Kings houfe and out-cryed again ; where every 
 farthing that is more offered for them then was in 
 the Badiflan, turns to the benefit of the publique; 
 befides even flaves pays 15 dollars for his head and 
 10 per Cent. for fo much as he is redeemed for, 
 
 Adde to this the eighth of all prizes & what elfe 
 is exacted by many avenues laid upon all forts of 
 people, which allamountsto a vaft and unknown 
 SumofMony. — . 
 
 Every 2 Months they pay the Soldiers, and 
 what mony is found remaining is fent up to the 
 Caffake, from whence they have never yet taken 
 any thing : So thata maffle of wealth is penta 
 
 ye 
 
5. Ihe prefent State 
 
 be therein, and might defray the charge of an 
 Army fit to take both that and the City; when it 
 - was blown up by the Colol#, that part ftood 
 where the Treafure is, and received little or no 
 damage. " 
 
 - The trade of Algiersis the moft inconfiderable 
 of any great popular City inthe World, depen- 
 ding chiefly upon the fucceffe of their piracies. 
 
 Among the Turks Ido not finde ten Merchants 
 as they only ule to Tunis and Alexandria, from 
 whence they are fupplyed with Linnen Cloath, 
 Coffee, and other Merchandizes. 
 
 The handicrafts men are chiefly Colols or Sons 
 of Turks, being incapable of any office in the go- 
 vernment, are brought up to earn their bread, and 
 are improved in their feveral Arts. : 
 
 Every trade and profeffion hath an Eman or 
 Matter of the Company whofe care is in effect the 
 fame ofaMafterand Warden of a Company in 
 London, but more abfolute ; it being in his pow- 
 er, and alfo incumbent upon him, to chaitife any 
 with blows , when he fhall deferve it, or lay 
 what forfeit he fees caufe, upon any Mifdemea- 
 nour, to force them to pay their debts( if any ) 
 for any Commodity belonging to their Trade, and 
 to demean themfelves civilly: Each Trade, lives 
 ina ftreet by it felf; The power given the Eman 
 is no fmall eafe to the Governouts. 
 
 They have a Fabrick of Cloathand Linnen, and 
 almoft all things neceflary for mankinde ; fo that - 
 the Manufactures they ftand in need of from Chrj- 
 ftendome is fo often fupplyed by Merchants, 1 
 fay prizes, that the Confumption of the place 
 fifpplyed’by Merchants is molt inconfiderable. Of 
 Englith , the goods brought hither, is chiefly 
 Cloath, of which 400 peices per annum is the grea- 
 ter coufumption, fome Iron, Lead, and Tyn, 
 
 bur 
 
wi Oe of Algie 84 
 but in all not enough to employ one good Ship 
 two voyages in One year, oy 
 
 The Current mony of the Country is Afpers: 
 of which 232 isa peice of Eight; a C 
 ther unfit for any other Country , ! 
 4 ofan Ounce of Silver ina Dollar, 7 
 
 ‘ 10 Sultanees of Gold, whichis juit the w 
 an Lungaraan Dacket, and is worth 2 peices of 
 and 2iA Afpers. So that a Merchant that brings his 
 Wares hither, by felling thefiWer the mony of 
 the.Countrey , findeth loffe of 20. per cent. upon 
 exchange of Spanifh money : that it hath much 
 -difcour®ed all Trade hither: | 
 
 The greateft production of Merchandize 
 traniported of the growth ofthe Country, is W4~, 
 about 304 Kentells per annim; Hydes abour 
 20000.and other things worth nothing ; burt of 
 Prize-gobds ‘no /fmall plenty having been, as I 
 have pa@ticuiarly noted, 187. Prizes brought in 
 in lefs then twolyears and ahalf: All goods that 
 are not contraband to be brought. from Spain and 
 Italy, pay,1i.and > per cent. Cuftom. A Ship 
 pays 50 dollars port-charges and a barrel of pow- 
 der to the’Cafabee : The weights and meafures 
 are no ways altered fince the time that feveral have 
 undertaken'to give an account thereof. 
 
 Since their lait breach with us, we have taken 
 g of their Ships , 2 of them being the Cheifeft they 
 had, wiz, the Marygold, andthe Tyger, the firft 
 carrying 40 Guns, the other 38, the Number of 
 Men in each Ship being between 6. and 7. hun- 
 
 - dred. Of oursthey had taken before the-oth. of 
 
 March latt, 43. Sayl all.of them very {mal 
 Ships, except 3 or 4. A Liftsof whofe Names, 
 with the Names of the Mafter and Numbet of Men 
 _isadded to this Difcourfe. he , 
 
 7 ee 
 to oe 
 
 FINI S, 
 
Lf 
 i tH} 7 
 
 = 
 
 ie 
 
 a 
 
 \s 
 
 ‘oats “Cf 
 
ig} 
 4 
 
 ak A Lift of the Ships in Algiers in the Year, 1678, : 
 
 “rakes (Marigold. Aly Ras Canary. (359, 40/Marigold, 
 
 ShipsNames. CaptainsNames. Men. Guns, Whetgaste ere 
 
 1 Golden horfe. Maho. Rais ip Son. 409, fo|Horfe oe 
 2 ‘White horfe. |Ba/haws Ship. 400\50\Horfe Paffanc. - 
 2: ‘Lyon. |affan Ras. B59 Red Lyon. 
 
 4 'Citron-tree. 'Hamet S egieya. 350.40\Cicron-tree, 
 ae ‘Orange-tree Sampfon Kags. \3solaqOrange-tree, © ¥ : 
 bpukeyp| Moon, Regip Rais. 350.40 Half-moonina ting 
 folds bfon, Wfup bh Raw. 200140) Sampfon. 
 ME Seipn-{tars.. Buti, Raity.. - P {eso 26 Seven-ftars; TT: 
 - os» “\giBobntain: { Bakir 6 gt. ‘at’ if at aa 
 37 sSbthemop-tree?, | Aly Rape on-tree. 4 
 mo 50, Brlyons,(aCalibal | ea 
 
 * ite gay wa Lyons. * | Beaim "Raw, 
 
 funk Moskitto. Na flaw Rass 2503.4 Stambol Church & 
 
 _ _ 9{ Pine. tree, Mahomet Tor fet: 25 ° 39 Pine-tree, 
 
 broke up|Sur Ci rnett 200.2 Sun-Blew. 
 
 gon to tr. Y¥ She ‘rofe. |Lopall OMA. 2001 8 Yellow Rofe. 
 
 “funk [Sunn Forias Gordally: 200 24 Golden-Sun. 
 ro| Three rofes. eee Chelebee. 200 24 Three Rofes. 
 11} Moon, Biskaine. 200 24 Half-Moon. in 
 
 2 lower pot. , |Afuftapha RaidGanary. 300, 34Golden flowe-potl: 
 
 sig nrok es Rais. ‘fe 200 24 Green-rofes (red. 
 
 te. tie. Mujffapha Raia@enoves. 25036 Orange tree aise 
 I oe Sine Muftapha Rugs Greek. 5° 30 Starr. 
 zs, lee . [Regep Baie xe \ top 524 Ring and Parle - 
 4 nye Oran ae ’ ie bi Littlerofe> ™ 
 fopec on Ee \~ {TS 1 6Pearl, 
 gone |2 eres. 20Two Stags. 
 
 broke up Great Pearl. ea eg Rais. |20034 Great peal. 
 
 taken |Little Lyon, 44 uftapha Rots. 150,16, Lyon. 
 18 Pearl &3 rofes Tayaxine Raw. . 80} 8 Pearl & rofes, 
 broke up oupaey ec. |Muftapha Rais ahah te 300. 36 Orange ‘eef fuppor- 
 ted wh2 Lyons. ee 
 r9Sea-horf ¢, ~4Morat Raw, ve 60, 16 Sea-hor. aa 
 taken Stat. Miftapha Oggide t co 4 
 
 206A Sattia. Regip Rais. 
 
 A Sattia. Hagey Aly Ras? 
 Seaven Brigantine. 3 galleys. we 
 Six new Ships on the Stocks, 
 
 Coie cht home. 
 
 isken \Tiger, S 2 600 38 Tiga raken and 
 21 Fagg: man. | a 2 
 22 Benafhia Melia. od 
 23 Sie i ioe rats Dansk 4 «ships building.names 
 24 cAfhatt Raps: ot tk fhips unknowe, 
 2S Mahomet Engles. 36 | 
 2 Bytmges 436) 
 
[POTTED 
 ai 
 
 y 
 } 
 
 | if’ AERIAL Ws ros 
 
rr A Lift of the Ships broug nand d 
 | by the Agier Corfayres.. 
 
 The Ships Names, ‘The Mafters Names. . » Number 
 
 +7 =. Of Mens 
 {The Anneand Foan of Briffol. | Peirce Smith, 5 
 The ijabella ck Manrefi. Robert: Wilkamfon, a2 
 The 4vk of Barnfiable. George Bewes. 6). 
 The George and Peter of Londons®| Ghrifopher Howard. 8 
 The Richard of Londin. Fobn Pudd. _ ae 
 The Dorothy 0° Dattmenth. Gilbert Wakeman. = 8} 
 The Fobe& Ei zabeth of Londig.| Fobn Egleftone. x 7| 
 The happy return of Mg) wehy Fokn Evook. ro 9 
 Fhe Katherine o& Lind i | Samuel ees || 
 The Prifcitta of Pliggou ip. a George Mathews, Xo} 
 The Lyon of Boiffo. oe Waltw Davis, 29) 
 The'Geirge ot Goptham. | Robert Harnia ° / sj 
 The Phenix of London. «| Paba Spurrell. 40| 
 The Content of Briftil. - . hy J Cowell. 3} 
 “| The, lobn and Voorwas of Apfome | Ptbn Babbige. si: 
 The Robert of Dartmouth. William Helman. 5 | 
 The Defire of Gapthome. William, F eppard. $ | 
 The Charles of Londow. Thomas Pallant. 6\ 
 | The Pearl of Lindon... -~< . | Fobn Smith. 16} 
 TheIredega, of Briftol. ¥ William Wraxell. rz 
 | The Fortune of feeah 4 Anthotty Fittzgertall d. Eo} 
 | The Profperous of London», Henry Weckers. ” 
 | The Hopewell of Dartmouth. >. | FubaHangdon. EQ} 
 | The Endeav ur oRlimayth? Thapas Roufe. Eg] 
 | The Fane ofLondop. ¥! 41k Baglin. 3] 
 / \TheS ulanna of New-Yorkst *T paca Leffler.” Lo 
 > | The A4adera Merchant of London\ 'W. liam Shaddock. 23} 
 | | The Zrevila Merchant of London.\ Fobn Pye. te} 
 The Margaret & Fol of Plymonth Benjamin Leverton. Fi 
 The Fobn offPIymouth. ° -. Fobn Hagghins. a} 
 The Ko eregnd % Anof London. | Foba Démiell. $ 
 The Speedwell of Yarmouth * Fojcph Wolfton Q 
 The Gommay Merchant of London. | ‘Lhomas Bee As 
 The Endeatpur of London. _ ‘William Powell. 1g 
 Fhe Anne'of London. Walter Elvan. > @f y 
 The Golden.Lyon of Farzey. . Peapoue Ph lip. ET | 
 The Tho. and|Mathcw of London. | Fofeph Bamftead, 2S 
 The Hopewell of Fulmouth. * | Hepes Ring. taal 
 The Submiffion Ketche.4 *, | Boniface Gigvrd. 6 
 *| The Province Merchahgy 4’ Men Efcaped, 
 The Samuel of Lindon: George Lamb. gs 
 Another Ship uftknown. : 
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