AO ES PR er ee 30) Pe : +7 - a ibiata rata te trans. ante: SSE a eee ee ee a GUIDE. THROUGH [IRELAND DESCRIPTIVE OF ITS SCENERY, TOWNS, SEATS, ANTIQUITIES, ETC. WITH VARIOUS STATISTICAL TABLES. ALSO AN OUTLINE OF ITS MINERAL STRUCTURE, AND A BRIEF VIEW OF ITS BOTANY: BY JAMES FRASER. WITH A MAP, AND ENGRAVINGS. DUBLIN WILLIAM CURRY, JUN. AND COMPANY SAMUEL HOLDSWORTH, LONDON, FRASER AXD CO. EDINBURGH. eae Joun S. Foxns, 5, Bachelor’s- Walk. Dublin : Printed by « TO CHARLES KING O’HARA, ESQ. OF ANNACHMORE, THIS WORK RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY HIS MOST OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANT, THE AUTHOR, SAK, BF) 20s LIST OF PLATES. ] GLENGARIFF : 2 Map or THE LAKES oF KILLARNEY 3 Turk Lake, KinnaARNEY 4 BALLINAHINCH 5 Loveu Gitu 6 DERRY 7 DROGHEDA 8 BELFAsT : : . 9 Grant’s CAUSEWAY 10 RosstREVOR 1] Map or IRELAND Page 172 189 190 302 328 448 483 498 544 565 At the end. 258, * IF PREFACE. Tuts work is intended to supply what has long been a desideratum—a correct Guide through Ireland; to point out the various and best lines of road, means of conveyance, places of accommodation, seats, antiquities, and scenery, also the state and trade of the several towns: in short, to describe the country as it really is. We have also directed attention to the great divisions of the island, as defined by the higher mountain ranges, the estuaries, and the more important rivers. Geographical arrangement, as far as practicable, has been adopted, thus describing the roads in their local order, instead of the alphabetical plan, which, while it does not in the least facilitate reference, disjoins roads naturally connected. To obtain correct information almost every spot has been visited; and those acquainted with the country, and the loose, vague manner, in which it has hitherto been described in books of this kind, will, we hope, at least give us credit for endeavouring to place every thing likely to be useful or worthy of notice, in a plain and intelligible form. The early part of the work having been printed off nearly two years ago, will account for some slight dis- crepancies in the names of proprietors. At first we did not give the Christian names, but as we proceeded we saw the propriety of inserting them.—The notices of the Vill PREFACE. city and its environs are necessarily brief; besides, these matters are detailed in the Guide to Dublin. The distances and areas are given in Irish measure, except in a few instances where Statute measure is mentioned. The outline of the Mineral structure of Ireland is drawn up by Professor Scouler, and the brief view of its Botany by J. T. Mackay, Esq. author of the Flora Hibernica. To avoid repetition, and to present the various geo- graphical and statistical details in a succinct and tan- gible shape, a variety of tables, &c. are given at the end, which have been furnished by Mr. G. Mason. Corrections or additions will be thankfully received by the author through his publishers. 17, Lower Dorset-street, Dublin, August, 1838. Is CONVEYANCES TO AND FROM IRELAND. BY STEAM VESSELS. THERE are various modes of reaching Ireland from Great Britain, which we shall briefly point out for the guidance of the traveller and tourist. From London to Dublin twice every week, touching at Plymouth and Falmouth ; the voyage is usually per- formed in 70 hours. Also between London and Belfast, via Dublin, and London and Cork direct, weekly. From Bristol twice a week to Dublin. The passage is made in 24 hours.——From Bristol to Cork, and from Bristol to Waterford, twice every week. From Holyhead, Mail Packets arrive at Kingstown harbour twice every day, crossing in 6 hours. From Liverpool there are mail packets daily; also those belonging to the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company. The time occupied is in general from 12 to 14 hours. Also from Liverpool to Cork, Waterford, Wexford, Drogheda, Dundalk, Newry, Belfast, and Londonderry. From Milford-haven, in Wales, there is a daily mail packet to Waterford, crossing in 14 hours. From ScorLanp there are numerous conveyances to Ireland. The shortest passage is from Donaghadee to Portpatrick, by the mail packet, which crosses in three hours. From Glasgow to Dublin, twice a week, crossing in 22 hours; from Glasgow to Belfast, almost daily, in 16 927. hours ; and from Glasgow to Londonderry twice a-week, in 18 hours. From Dublin, weekly, to Cork and Belfast, and during the summer months to Whitehaven and the Isle of Man; also the regular steamers returning to the various places we have noticed above. GENERAL VIEW OF IRELAND. IRELAND lies to the west of Great Britain, between the parallels of 51° 25’ and 55° 23’ north latitude, and of 6° and 11° west longitude. It is separated from Britain on the east by St. George’s Channel, the Irish Sea, and the North Channel, and surrounded on the other sides by the Atlantic. Between Fairhead in Antrim, and the Mull of Cantire in Argyleshire, the breadth of the North Channel is only 134 statute miles; the Irish Sea is 22 miles between Donaghadee and Portpatrick, and St. George’s Channel 47 miles from St. David’s Head in Wales to Carnsore Point in Wexford. “ The longest line that can be drawn in Ireland extends from Mizen-Head in the county of Cork, to Fair-Head in Antrim, about 306 statute miles; but the longest line that can be drawn in about the same meridian, is from the old head of Kinsale in Cork to Bloody Far- land Point in Donegal, being a distance of 237 statute miles.” The longest line across, keeping nearly the same parallel of latitude, is, from the stupendous cliffs of Achill to the mouth of Lough Strangford, a distance of 182 miles; but between Ballyshannon and Dundalk it is only 85 miles. Thus, as the late Dr. Beaufort remarked, so conveniently is Ireland situated in respect of water communication, that there is no part more than 50 miles from the sea, or from one of its arms. From a table furnished to the Lords’ Committee on Tithe, by Mr. Griffith the engineer, it appears that the area of Ireland amounts to 31,874 statute square miles, or to 20,399,608 statute acres; that the cultivated acres amount to 14,603,473; the unimproved mountain and bog to 5,340,736, of which there are 1,600,000 acres of flat bog; and that the lakes occupy 455,399 acres. The interior of the country is generally flat. The principal mountains lie along the coast, with the excep- tion of Slieve-na-mann and Brandon, in Kilkenny ; the Mount Leinster range, in Wexford and Carlow; Knock- meledown, and the Galtees, in Waterford and Tipperary ; the Devil’s-Bit range, which connect with Slieve-bloom and the Keeper, in the King’s County and Tipperary ; GENERAL VIEW OF IRELAND. xi and the Monterloney range, in Tyrone and London- derry. On the east coast are the mountain ranges of Wicklow and Down; on the south are the Munavou- lagh or Cummeragh range; on the west those of Kerry, Clare, Galway, Mayo, and Sligo; and on the north, Donegal, Derry, and Tyrone. The western ranges occupying much the greater area. The great plain which stretches across the island from Dublin to Galway, with its numerous branches between the intervening hills, embraces in its varied outlines the whole of that great tract of peat moss, generally designated the Bog of Allen. Extensive flat tracts, containing various soils, are also met in other districts, particularly in the counties of Tipperary, Limerick, Kerry, and Clare. In the greater part of Ulster, Leitrim, and Sligo, there are few extensive level tracts, the surface being thrown into a succession of little round hills, which extend from the great cen- tral plain of the island to the ocean, or blend with the northern mountains. The surface of Ireland, generally speaking, is more fertile than that of Britain. The richer parts are the Golden Vale, which runs through the centre of Tipperary and Limerick; the more ele- vated parts of Roscommon; and the champaign tracts inKildare and Meath, lying around the towns ofKilcock Trim, Navan, and Kells. ~The sea bays, and all par- ticulars relative to the coast, are embodied in the work. CIVIL DIVISIONS. IRELAND is divided into four provinces, namely, Ulster to the north, Connaught to the west, Leinster to the east, and Munster to the south; these are subdivided into 32 counties, 252 baronies, and 2348 parishes. ECCLESIASTICAL DIVISIONS. IRELAND comprises four Archbishopricks and twelve Bishopricks. ARCHBISHOPRICKs.—Armagh, Cashel, Dublin, and Tuam. Biswopricks.—Clogher, Cork, Derry, Down, Dro- more, Elphin, Kildare, Killaloe, Kilmore, Limerick, Meath and Ossory. xii DUBLIN, the metropolis of Ireland, and the second city in the empire, is situated on the shores of the beautiful bay to which it gives name, and into which the river Liffey, intersecting the city, flows. It occupies the eastern termination of the great central plain of the island, which reaches from the Irish sea to the Atlantic; and its environs are adorned for several miles around by the woods of the suburban villas. On the south the Dublin hills connecting with the mountains of Wicklow, form a striking feature in the landscape, under whatever modification of light they are seen—whether viewed from the city or the bay. The estuary of the Liffey is circular in outline, its diameter being about five Irish miles; the pier, which extends two miles and a half, almost bisects it. It is terminated on the north by the bold peninsula of Howth, and on the south by the Killiney hills, which stretch along the coast to Bray-head. "These boundaries on either side—the bay in the foreground—the city in the middle distance—the mountains and woods of the environs in the offscape, constitute the beauties of Dublin bay. Like all our cities, the capital boasts of high antiquity —historians claiming for it an existence of seventeen centuries, dating from the time of Ptolemy, a.p. 140, who notices a town exactly in the same parallel, under the name of EHblana. To even glance at its history, amid all the changes and chances of so many centuries, would far exceed our limits—suffice it to say, that in common with many of the older British towns, its ancient and modern parts can even now be distinctly traced—the latter contain many fine streets and squares, which rank with the most spacious in the empire; of these we may enumerate Sackville-street, Stephen’s-green, and Mer- rion-square. The older parts of the city appear to have been huddled together without regard to order, clean- liness, or convenience,—and while the modern parts DUBLIN. Xill present an appearance of wealth, gaiety, and splendour, the older parts, exhibit in many places, the most squalid misery. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The public buildings are the admiration of every stranger, the Bank of Ireland, (formerly the Parliament House,) and the Custom House, are not excelled in any of the European cities, while the Law Courts, the Post Office, and the Royal Exchange, are chaste spe- cimens of classic architecture. The University of Dublin, or Trinity College, founded by Queen Eliza- beth, with the extensive grounds attached, form a conspicuous feature in the city. The entrance front in College-green is imposing, and the Chapel, Exami- nation Hall, and Library, in the inner quadrangle, are via rich buildings in their respective styles. The Museum) 4%. },. and Lecture Rooms, which are contemplated, will add > much to the splendour and convenience of this richly > endowed College. CHURCHES. Among the various places of worship which this city contains for almost every sect of Christians, we can only notice the old Cathedrals of Christ Church and St. Patrick; and rude though they be, compared with those in England, they present an imposing and vene- rable appearance. St. George’s is the finest of the modern churches; and among the numerous Roman Catholic places of worship, the Metropolitan Chapel in Marlborough-street is, in its architecture, the most remarkable, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. The Royal Dublin Society, the Royal College of Surgeons, the Inns of Court, the Lying-in Hospital, and the National Board of Education, are the most striking buildings of the many public Institutions which the city contains. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. Though Dublin abounds in Charitable Institutions, many of them wholly or partly supported by parliamen- tary grants, they are, we regret to say, quite inadequate to the wants of the numerous poor. X1Vv DUBLIN. TRADE AND COMMERCE, Connected with the Trade and Commerce we may notice the river Liffey, with its quayed walls, carried along the whole length of the city, also the large Asylum Harbour at Kingstown, now connected with the city by a railroad. The retail trade is extensive, and the value of the imports. and exports, gross receipts of customs, and registered vessels, will be found in the tables, pages 591 and 593. ‘The city being the seat of law and learning, its general intercourse and business is considerably increased thereby. The Stamp Office, Excise, and Board of Public Works, are all included within the buildings of the Custom House. CASTLE. The Castle, in the centre of the city, the town residence of the Lord Lieutenant, contains a handsome Chapel, and the various public offices connected with the government. It comprises two squares enclosed by embattled walls, but from the proximity of the adjacent buildings, is by no means a striking feature. MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. The Municipal Government is similar to that of London, and the city and university each returns two members to Parliament. PUBLIC MONUMENTS. The Pillar in Sackville-street, erected to the memory of Lord Nelson, and crowned with a colossal statue, is a conspicuous feature. The equestrian statue of William III. in College-green is also remarkable; those of George I. and II. in Dawson-street and Stephen’s- green are less conspicuous. PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS. The regular places of Public Amusement are the Theatre Royal, in Hawkins’-street, andthe minor Theatre in Abbey-street. The Adelphi Theatre in Brunswick- street, and the Circus in Abbey-street, are also occa- sionally open for dramatic and equestrian performances. Concerts, &c. are generally held in the Rotundo, a large room attached to the Lying-in Hospital. DUBLIN. xv LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. These are not so numerous as might be supposed from the extent of the city; the principal are the Royal Dublin Society, already noticed, the Royal Irish Academy in Grafton-street ; and the Royal Hibernian Academy, for Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, in Abbey-street. Strangers are admitted, under certain regulations to the News-Room of the Chamber of Commerce, in Dame-street. A Mechanics’ Institution has lately been established, their apartments are in the buildings of the Royal Exchange. BARRACKS. The garrison is extensive, comprising the Royal Barracks for cavalry and infantry ; Richmond Barracks for infantry; Portobello Barracks for cavalry ; the Artillery Barracks, near the Phoenix Park 3 contiguous to which are the Royal Military Hospital of Kilmain- ham for invalided soldiers, on the plan of Chelsea, and the residence of the Commander-in-Chief. On the eastern side of the city are two depots, one for recruits, the other belonging to the artillery. HOTELS AND CLUB ROOMS. To many the Hotels will not be the least important of our notices; they are numerous, and some of them equal to the best in London. The principal are, Morrison’s, Macken’s, and Tuthill’s, in Dawson-street ; the Bilton, Gresham’s, Im verial, Leitrim House, O’Dienne’s and Reynold’s, in Sackville-street ; the Shelbourne in Stephen’s-green ; and Elvidge’s in Kildare-street. The Clubs are, the Hibernian United Service, in Foster-place; the Kildare-street Club, in Kildare-street; and the Sackville-street Club, and Friendly Brothers, in Sackville-street. SUBURBS. The suburbs may be said to extend six miles to the south, west, and north of the city ; the soil is fertile, and the surface in many places disposed in beautiful undulations. So numerous are the villas on the south, and so close the old woods connected with them, that that side presents the appearance of a vast forest, EE eee Oe ac i i ee ee ik a XVi DUBLIN. relieved only by an occasional church spire rising over, the trees. On the west is the PHNIX PARK, so called from the pillar surmounted by a Pheenix, erected by the Earl of Chesterfield, during his lieutenancy in 1747. This royal demesne embraces 1750 acres, and contains the Vice-Regal lodge, the residence of the Chief and Under Secretaries, also a Royal Military School, for the education and maintenance of soldiers’ children, and a Military Hospital. The military reviews are held here, and the Park is interesting from its drives, variety of sur- face, distribution of wood, herds of deer, and scenery around, and with the exception of the grounds con- nected with the residences we have noted, is open to the public. Near its eastern boundary are the Royal Zoological Gardens, and an obelisk 210 feet in height, erected to commemorate the achievements of the Duke of Wellington. Referring for more minute details to the local Guide Books and Maps, we may here briefly notice the beau- tiful banks of the Liffey, lying to the west of the Park; the hills on.the south, broken and diversified by nume- rous romantic glades and dells, from the summits of which magnificent views are obtained of the city, its environs, and the bay; the Botanic Garden of the College, on the south, which is rich in its plants; and the Garden of the Royal Dublin Society, at Glassnevin, on the north, which, in point of collection, beauty of — surface, and situation, is equal to any in the empire. SUBURBAN VILLAGES. For the relative situation of the suburban villages and also the roads and principal villas around the metropolis, we refer the traveller to the map of the environs of Dublin, published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. GUIDE THROUGH IRELAND. No. I—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. FIRST ROAD, 74 MILES. THROUGH BRAY, NEWTOWN-MOUNT-KENNEDY, RATHDRUM, ARKLOW AND ENNISCORTHY. Miles. Miles. SPAY) 25 gist = alent Bh Se 10 Arklow * 33 | 392 | Ppelpany Fh: sme bast pe brie |i 055 GOleyrstcry a eeh fey 85 | 472 | Newtown Mount Kennedy 22 174 | Camolin . . 52 | 533 | Ashford . . pe Ae ie Ferns . Se sc, OOO | Rathnew .-. . . . - 4 233) Enniscorthy. . . . . 5s | 62 | Rathdrum 62 30 | Kyle Fetal nee Pie | 69 Ovoca Inn sipietp = SLBA AS SP NENWerxifoediiey ash ies nett hes 5 \ 74 | Wooden BridgeInn . . 3 | 36 | Tuts road is the principal outlet from the southern parts ox the Metropolis, and leads to the greater part of the more important places in Wicklow and Wexford ; and, from the many attractive points it leads to, is much frequented by the citizens. By this line you can, in two hours, be conveyed from the din and smoke of the City, to the most magnificent and wildest mountain scenery. There are various roads from Dublin in this direction, | joining at Blackrock and ulterior poimts ; but we only notice the line generally travelled. For the first three miles it is nearly parallel to the Railway, and affords a view of the city, bay, hill of Howth, and opposite coast. The plantations connected with the numerous villas on this side of the metropolis, give the country, as seen from the road for five or B 2 NO. L—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. six miles, the appearance of a vast forest. We have purposely avoided noticing these villas in detail, as the mere enumeration would far exceed our limits. Besides, many of them are so limited and so grouped together, that it would be difficult to particularize them in amanner intel- ligible to the traveller. We have therefore commenced our notices in this way, where they are less connected, and assume more the character of the country residence. Blackrock and Kingstown, now forming parts of the suburbs of Dublin, are included in the general description of the city. Here we may notice the pleasant and speedy detour which can now be made by the Railway to Kingstown, and thence along the side of Killiney hills, joining the general line two miles on this side of Bray. From a part of this detour, as well as from every elevated spot around the city, the views are beautiful. Six miles from Dublin is the small village of Cabin- teely ; and on the rising grounds to the right, Cabinteely House, the seat of Miss Byrne; and adjoining, Brenans- town, the modern villa of George Pim, Esq. Here may be said to commence that lovely combination of hill, dale, and mountain, which pervades so large a portion of the county of Wicklow. One mile farther is the small hamlet of Loughlinstown, pleasantly situated in a valley, and wa- tered by two small streams. They are scarcely worthy of notice, but as the first mountain rivulets on this line. Adjoining is the seat of Judge Day. Beyond this an extensive sea-view opens on the left, together with the southern slopes of the Killiney hills, the small island of Dalkey, and the hill of Howth. At eight miles on the left are the remains of the old house of Shanganagh. This townland has been divided into lots, on which handsome villas, in various styles of architecture, are rapidly rising, on either side of the road. A mile beyond this, also on the left, is Shanganagh, the seat of General Cockburn; a little onward, stretching from the road to the sea, and contiguous to each other, are Woodlawn, W. H. Magan, Esq.; Woodbrook, Sir J. S. Ribton, Bart.; Cork Abbey, Colonel Wingfield; and NO. IL.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 3) Ravenswell, Isaac Weld, Esq.—On the right of the road are the villas of Sir F. S. Hutcheson, Bart.; Old Connaught, Lord Plunket; Thornhill; and on the higher grounds, Shankhill, the seat of Miss Roberts ; and in the valley the fine nurseries of Messrs. Toole. The seats here noticed extend to Bray, near which the road turns quickly to the right, leaving the prin- cipal part of the town on the opposite side of the river, which divides it, and also separates the counties of Dublin and Wicklow.—The older part, situated in the county of Wicklow, is conspicuously placed on the steep banks of the river Bray, which here discharges several united mountain streams into the sea. Very little is done in the way of trade, and the quantity of limestone brought across from Howth, and burnt here for the supply of the neighbouring districts, is compara- tively trifling. Bray has long been a favourite resort, and a watering- place on a small scale; the excellent hotel and well managed posting establishment of Quin having greatly conduced to the increase of visitors. It forms a good point for those who wish to see, in the course of a day or two, the various interesting places in the neigh- bourhood. The scenery around is striking. Eastward, the promontory of Bray Head rises boldly from the sea; on the south, the Sugarloaf mountains display their conical outlines ; and the plantations connected with the numerous seats form a beautiful foreground to the mountain ranges stretching far westward. As our limits will only admit of glancing at these matters, we beg to refer those interested in the scenery of this district, to the “ Guide to the County of Wicklow.”* Close to the town is Brayhead, the beautiful seat of George Putland, Esq.; Old Court, Major Edwards ; and Kilruddery, the fine seat of the Earl of Meath. The house was erected a few years ago, from designs by Morrison of Dublin, and is a good specimen of * Published by William Curry, Jun. and Co. Dublin, 1835. Rl Mim 4 NO. IL.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. Elizabethan architecture, a style well suited to the pic- turesque scenery of Wicklow. Around the mansion a corresponding style of gardening has been preserved. The road now enters the county of Wicklow, and at two miles from the town crosses the Bray river, just as it emerges from the Dargle. Here begins that highly picturesque and romantic scenery for which the county of Wicklow is so justly famed, and into which all the constituents of landscape so richly enter. This con- tinues, with little intermission, from Bray to Arklow. The DarGLE is a deep, narrow, winding glen, a fine stream occupying the bed, and forcing its way amongst the rugged rocks that impede its current. It is eminently picturesque: the sides of the glen are precipitous, rocky, and thickly covered with natural wood, and the whole scene may perhaps be best characterised by the term romantic. Viewed from above and below, the union of rock, wood, and water is extremely happy ; and in the noon of a hot summer’s day, the coolness and sober light in the bottom of this sylvan dell, added to the truly picturesque com- binations presented to the eye, and the pleasant murmur of the almost hidden stream, form altogether an enjoyment of no common order. The numerous visitors during the summer months prove that its beauties are fully appreciated. The Dargle is a part of the demesne of Powerscourt, one of the most extensive and beautiful in the kingdom. The mansion is about a mile to the right. It is 2 fine baronial building, and commands an extensive view of the splendid surrounding scenery. George IV. dined here on the day of his embarkation at Kings- town, in 1821. The gardens and pleasure grounds are also on a large scale. The deer park, one of the largest in this part of the country, contains the Waterfall, so well known to the citizens of Dublin, which is formed by the Glanisorlean, one of the tributary streams of the river Bray, and here falls over a rocky precipice of NO. IL—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 3) 300 feet in height. This particular scene is, of course, interesting to the visiter, in proportion to the quantity of water in the river, and the Glanisorlean, like all mountain streams, is very variable in this respect. Adjoining Powerscourt is Tinnehinch, the seat of James Grattan, Esq.; Charleville, the residence of the Earl of Rathdown ; Bushy Park, Hon. Hugh Howard; and Ballyornan, the villa of Mrs. Quin. The road now winding between the Sugarloaf mountains, passes, at two miles. from Bray, on the left, Hollybrook, the beautifully situated Elizabethan villa of Sir G. F. Hodson, Bart.; and at three and a half miles enters the GLEN OF THE DOWNS, which is about a mile in length. The hills on either side of the Glen are bold, and rise to a considerable height, and are principally covered with natural copse wood. In the bottom, which is narrow, are some very large evergreen shrubs. This Glen, through the centre of which the road runs, forms part of Bellevue, the extensive and finely wooded demesne of Mrs. Latouche. The mansion is on the left, and commands extensive views of the coast and surrounding country. On clearing the Glen there is a view of the beautifully situated village of Delgany, which lies half a mile to the left. Two miles forward, also on the left, is Sea View ; Kilquade, John T. O'Reilly, Esq.; Spring Farm, Richard Hudson, Esq.; Ballyvorlan; and Bromley, Lady H. Daly. Woodstock, the handsome seat of Lord Robert Tottenham, lies also to the left; but close on the sea side road. On the right is, Tinny Park, Jessop, Esq. Seventeen miles from Dublin we reach NEWTOWN-MOUNT-KENNEDY, | a neat village, situated in the centre of a beautiful tract of country, and as it affords good accommodation, is well adapted as a resting place, from whence the tourist may visit the interesting mountain scenery around. 6 NO. I.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. Adjoining the village, and bearing the same name, is the fine seat of Robert Gunn Cunningham, Esq. To the right, on the rising grounds, is Altadore, the seat of the Rev. Mr. Hepenstall. About a mile from the town, on . the right, is Prospect, and half-a-mile farther, Mount- john, the residence of Graves Archer, Esq.; above’ this, Dunran, the romantic seat of the Rev. Joseph Fletcher. The road now runs through the glen of Kiltymon, the sides of which are well wooded, and form a part of the demesne of Hugh Eccles, Esq. Two miles from this, on the left, close to the shore, is Clonmanon, the seat of R.H. Truell, Esq., and nearer the road are the villas of Killoughter, H. T. Redmond, Esq.; Inchinapa, Rev. Mr. Crofton; Ballynapark, and Bloomfield. On the rising ground, to the right, is Ballycurry, the seat of C. G. Tottenham, Esq., and near to Glenmore Castle, J. Synge, Esq. These residences, from their elevated Situation, picturesque scenery, and great extent of wood rising around, have a very attractive appearance. The mountain rivulet, Vartry, runs through a wild narrow ravine, called the Devil’s glen, which separates the above demesnes, the water falls over a high ledge of rocks, near the upper end of the glen, which adds to the effect of the scenery. The Devil’s glen is not equal to the Dargle. It is inferior in its picturesque combinations, and the foliage less abundant on the precipices which bound the glen. It is altogether of a more sombre cha- racter than the Dargle, though for this very reason, it may be more pleasing to some minds. It has an advantage, however, in its waterfall, which although not carrying a great body of water, is of considerable elevation, and certainly gives to the Devil’s glen one picturesque feature of which the Dargle cannot boast. A little onwards, and five miles from New- town-mount-kennedy is the hamlet of Ashford, plea- santly situated on the Vartry, where there is a good inn. A mile to the left, is Newrath-bridge Inn, also on its banks; the situation is agreeable, the posting | NO. IL—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 7 good, and the inn well kept. Close to Ashford,. is Rossana, the beautiful seat of Daniel Tighe, Esq., and formerly the occasional residence of the well-known authoress of Pysche. The park contains some of the finest Spanish chestnuts and oaks in this part of the country. Ontheleft, contiguous to Rossana, is Claremont, John A. Leonard, Esq.; adjoining is the hamlet of Rath- new, which is only worthy of notice as the junction point of the roads leading to Rathdrum, Arklow, Wicklow, &c. Wicktow, the county town, lies about a mile and a half to the left of Rathnew: this line of road not approaching nearer to it it is the poorest of assize towns; and with the exception of its surrounding scenery and situation on the coast, has little to attract notice. Though lying in a sheltered bay, it does little either in the coasting or fishing trade ; and the present state of the bar and har- bour are insuperable obstacles, even were the spirit and means of commerce existing. In an agricultural as well as pictorial point of view, the fertility and culture of the beautiful high grounds, west of the town, are interest- ing. The copper ore raised in the neighbouring mines is shipped here ; and a considerable quantity of lime- stone is imported from the Howth coast; burned, and carted hence for farming and building purposes, into the most remote mountain districts; lime-stone not being met with in this part of the country. The county court- house and gaol are plain buildings—the church is only remarkable from its elevated site and surrounding trees. The remains of the small abbey, founded in the reign of Henry III, for Franciscan friars, are well preserved. On an impending sea cliff are the vestiges of Buack CASTLE, said to have been built in the fourteenth century. A little west.of this castle is Wicklow head; on which are the three light-houses. North of the town, along the shore, is the Murrough, a flat sandy tract, (partly insula- ted by the Leitrim river* and the sea,) where races are * The Vartry, after passing Newrath-bridge, and receiving one or two minor streams, is called the Leitrim, 8 5 NO. I.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. occasionally held. The inns at Newrath-bridge and Ashford, within a short distance of the town, afford ac- commodation to visiters, and people on business, during the assizes, &c. About three miles south of the town, along the shore, is Sea-park-house, John Revell, Esq. : and from the high grounds around the town a fine view of the surrounding country is obtained. Above Rathnew, to the right, is Cronroe, the residence of Isaac A. Eccles, Esq. From this demesne there is an extensive view of the country around, including what we have just described. Two and a-half miles from Rathnew, is the hamlet of Glenealy, consisting of a few . houses. A little beyond it, on the right, is Willsborough, the seat of Mr. Drought ; Ballyfvee, Mr. Dickson ; and Hollywood, Major Broomfield. ‘The road now continues for several miles through the wide valley formed by the wooded slopes of Carrickmackreilly, and Killyvarnen, and winding round the steep hills, crosses a beautifully wooded valley, through which flows the Avonmore under the town of RATHDRUM, which for general business is inconveniently situated on the summit of a hill; the steepness of which renders it difficult of access. The town is of considerable extent, but, the elevated ground on which it has been built must have militated against its improvement. The prin- cipal proprietor, Earl Fitzwilliam, has endeavoured to promote the flannel manufacture, but without success. On the right, a little above Rathdrum, is Copse, the seat of Major Evans; and on the left, on the banks of the Avonmore, is Avondale, the delightful seat of John Parnell, Esq. Leaving Rathdrum, the scenery increases in beauty, and passing Kingston, the seat of T. M. King, Esq., at three miles from Rathdrum, reaches the first meeting of the waters, where the Avonmore and Avonbeg join their streams; and here the Vale of Ovoca, which stretches from this, near to Arklow, may be said to commence. The beauty of the scenery, for NO. I—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 9 * this distance, (about Ave miles,) consisting of natural and planted wood, under every appearance of coppice, grove, and forest, intermingled with the different deci- duous and evergreen undergrowths; the numerous glades formed by the meandering of the river (now called the Ovoca) and the boldly rising wooded hills, backed by the mountains, can only be rivalled in this country, by the banks of the Blackwater. Over the first meeting of the waters, in a command- ing situation, embosomed in trees, is Castle-Howard, the residence of Mrs. Howard. To the left, are the copper mines of Cronbane, &c.; and on the right, those of Ballymurtagh—taken together, the most extensive of the _ kind in this country. They have been long and success- _fully worked, and are the property of several companies. Further down on the left, is Cherrymount, the seat of John Oliver, Esq. ; and beyond this, Newbridge, where | a road branches off to Ballyarthur, and Shelton abbey. Near Newbridge is the Ovoca inn; anda littlebelowon the left, are the woods of Ballyarthur, the extensive and beautifully varied park of Edward S. Bayley, Esq. The road now passes under Mr. Putland’s woods, and at two miles from Newbridge, reaches the wooden-bridge inn, beautifully situated over the second meeting of the waters—where the Aghrim river joins the Ovoca. A little below this, on the left, is Shelton Abbey, the splendid residence of the Earl of Wicklow, built from designs by | Morrison. The gardens and pleasure grounds are extensive, and the demesne, which contains some of the largest trees in this part of the country, stretches for a considerable distance along the banks of the river. Opposite to Shelton, on the right, is Glenart, the demesne of Earl Carysfort. This extensive park possesses great capabilities for improvement; the woods { connected with it stretch along the river, as far as | ARKLOW, which is pleasantly situated on the mouth of the Ovoca. It is a small town; and beyond the employment of a Ser Te 10 NO. L—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. few fishing boats, carries on no trade. The harbour is very unsafe, and narrow, admitting only of small craft. There is a small infantry barrack attached to the ruins of the old castle. Being on the leading line of road, it is more frequented than Wicklow, and contains a small inn, including post-horses, &c. Leaving Arklow, the scenery changes, the mountains recede from the road, the country at once becomes flat, open, and destitute of timber; contrasting strongly with the narrow and closely wooded vale, through which the road ran for the preceding ten miles. A mile from Arklow, on the right, is Lamberton, the seat of Captain Hoare; and at two miles the road enters the county of Wexford. About five miles from Arklow, on the left, is Hyde Park, the seat of John Beauman, Esq., close to which is Castletown, an old seat of H. K. G. Morgan, Esq. The road now passes close to Tara hill. Two miles further, on the right, is Ballynastra, the seat of Sir Thomas Esmonde, Bart. Close to Gorey, on the left, is Clonattin, the seat of D. Ram, Esq.; and on the right, Ramsfort, Abel Ram, Esq. and Millmount, Major Owen. Gorey is a borough-town; it consists principally of one main-street, in which there are two small inns, and several respectable houses; there is nothing remark- able in the buildings about the town; but it has a neat, orderly appearance; and with the exception of the weekly markets, no trade is carried on. The district around is fertile and well cultivated;—the farms are larger and better managed ;—the farm-houses more comfortable, and fewer cabins than are usually met with. The tract of country from Arklow to Ferns, through the centre of which the road runs, is bounded on the right by the Croghan and Slievebuy hills; and on the left by the Shore. The intervening space is agree- ably relieved by the detached hills which are scattered over its surface. About three *miles to the left of Gorey, close to the shore, is Courtown, the beautiful NO. I.— DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. Ly marine residence of the Earl of Courtown; adjoining which a small fishing harbour is now building. From the sheltered situation of this demesne, combined with the influence of the sea air, several of the more tender species of trees and shrubs grow luxuriantly. Six miles from Gorey is the village of Camolin; on the left is Nor- rismount, Robert Brownrigg, Esq.; and Medop Hall, Thomas Smith, Esq.; and on the right, Camolin Park, the seat of the Earl Mountnorris. On the rising grounds to the left is Ballymore, the residence of Richard Dono- van, Esq. Twoanda half miles onwards, is the diocesan _ house of the former bishops of Ferns ; the grounds which constituted the demesne extend to the small town of FERNS, which contains little to attract notice, except the ex- tensive ruins of the old Castle, said to have been con- structed in 1176, by the first English adventurers. From its elevated situation, it forms a striking feature from many parts of the surrounding country. Close to the demesne is the small cathedral. From Ferns to Enniscorthy there are two roads nearly equidistant, one proceeding by the wood of Ferns, and crossing the Slaney at Scarawalsh bridge, and thence keeping along the right bank of the river; the other crossing the small mountain river called the Bann. A little below Ferns, and proceeding along the left bank of the Slaney, the road passes, at four miles from Ferns, Sols- borough, the seat of S. Richards, Esq., and several villas between it and ENNISCORTHY, which, as Mr. Inglis observes, has an ancient look about it. It is situated on the side of a steep hill, and the old castle, grey towers, church, and wooded banks, the parsonage and Rock-hill plantations, and the eastern heights, form a striking assemblage of objects. The Slaney, which flows through the town, is so far a tide river, and navigable for small craft, from Wexford. 1) NO. I.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. The town is principally on the western bank of the Slaney, and carries on a good trade in the export of corn, &c. There is a large brewery and distillery in the immediate neighbourhood. Near the town is Vinegar Hill, where the insurgents were encamped in 1798, when routed by General Lake. - The various lines of road leading to this place, which have been lately made, the lowering of the bridge in the town, and the contemplated deepening of the river, so as to render it navigable for larger craft from Wex- ford, must add much to the improvement of Enniscorthy. We would advise the traveller to ascend Vinegar Hill, from whence he will readily obtain a correct knowledge of the surrounding country; and the course of the river Slaney for a considerable distance above and below the town. Westward, that portion of the county Wexford which is bounded on the north by the Mount Leinster, and Black-stairs mountains, and on the south, by the Forth hills, diversified intermediately by the hills of Bree, Rahenahoun, Camross, Carrickburn, and Lacken. From Enniscorthy to Wexford, the country is fertile, and pretty well cultivated; the road is by the left bank of the river ; that opposite, is circuitous and hilly, leading, principally, to the numerous gentlemen’s seats on that side. A little below the town, on the opposite side, is St. John’s, C. H. Hill, Esq.; and one mile fur- ther, on the banks of the Boro, which here falls into the Slaney, is Borodale, the delightfully situated cottage of David Beatty, Esq. At three miles on this side of the river, is Edermine, John Power, Esq.; and opposite is Burmount. Two miles to the left of the road is Bal- linkeele, John Maher, Esq.; about a mile below Burmount, and on the same side, is Macmine, P. N. King, Esq. on the banks of a beautiful bay formed by the winding of the Slaney. At five miles is the cross- roads of Oyl-Gate, and a little below this, but on the opposite bank of the river, is Bellevue, the highly improved seat of Anthony Cliffe, Esq. At seven miles, NO. I.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 13 the hamlet of Kyle, to the right of which is Kyle House, the seat of Wm. Harvey, Esq. On the banks of the Slaney below Kyle House, are the ruins of Deep’s Castle; and near the latter, Percy Lodge, the seat of Freke, Esq. On the opposite side of the river is Carrickmannon, James Devereux, Esq., one of the most picturesque situated seats on the Slaney. At eight miles from Enniscorthy we drive through Saunders’ Court, the beautifully situated demesne of the Earl of Arran ; and beyond this, on the left, is Aréramount, the hand- some seat of George Le Hunt, Esq. The two last men- tioned seats are on the banks of an arm of the sea which stretches past Ferry Carrig to the thriving village of Castlebridge. We now cross the Slaney at Ferry Carrig; here the river meets the arm of the sea just referred to, which runs close up to the road—the bay on one hand, the river with its craggy banks on the other; the high and wooded slopes of Belmont, the seat of C. A. Walker, Esq., and Ardcandris, G. K. Morgan, Esq. the long wooden bridge thrown over the estuary ; the ruins of the ancient castle of Ferry Carrig, and the road winding under the rocky precipice on which it stands, form a very striking combination of objects. A little above Ferry Carrig, on the right, is Newtown, the seat of J. E. Redmond, Esq., and Barntown Castle, James Percival, Esq. Along the new and more level line of road which has been lately formed from this to Wexford, various handsome villas have been erected; and the beautiful road now in progress by the right bank of the Slaney, joining the former at Ferry Carrig, will add much to the intercourse and improvement of WEXFORD, the county town, situated on a large and capacious bay, into which the Slaney discharges its waters. The bay has a defined elliptical shape; its seaward sides being bounded by long sandy ridges, formed by the action of the sea. These vast accumulations of sand extend for many miles; and, approaching each other, leave only a narrow inlet to the bay. It has a consider- able export trade in cattle and agricultural —— and 14 NO. I.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. possesses 109 registered vessels, the tonnage of which is 6,750 tons. Owing, however, to a bar at the mouth of the harbour, vessels above 200 tons burthen cannot enter it (even at spring tides) without being lightened of a part oftheir cargo. The town is of great antiquity, and as far as can be inferred from the earliest historical notices concerning it, was a maritime settlement of the Danes, and ismentioned by its present name in records not long subsequent to the conquest of Ireland by Henry Il. The traces of the old walls may be seen around the town. With the exception of the quay the principal streets are very narrow, and ill adapted for business; but the town is comparatively clean and orderly, and can boast of a great number of highly respectable inhabitants. The public buildings are the County Court-house, Gaol, Infirmary, Fever Hospital, House of Industry, and Lunatic Asylum, and various municipal offices connected with the town. There are two Churches—St. Iberius and St. Selsker ; several Roman Catholic Chapels ; two small Meeting-houses for Dissenters ; and various large schools, including St. Peter’s College for the education of Catholic divinity students. Notwithstanding the obstacles presented by the bar, commerce is increasing. Two steamers ply regularly to and from Liverpool ; and the shipping interest has been greatly promoted by the erection of Morton’s patent slip and a ship-building yard, by Mr. Redmond. The principal manufacture is malt, and some years ago from 70 to 80,000 barrels were annually made. There is a large Distillery, and a great deal is done in the general provision trade. The ecclesiastical ruins are those of the Priory, and St. Mary’s church, which though small, are of elegant workmanship. The wooden bridge and embankments (together extending 2,100 feet,) and crossing the arm of the bay, running up to the quay, is a striking feature. Wexford has long been noted for the quality, quantity, and cheapness of its pro- visions ; and certainly, in the preparation of butter, poultry, &c. for market, the farmers of this neighbour- hood greatly excel. The environs of Wexford are hilly, very picturesque, and considerably improved. 15 No. IL—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. SECOND ROAD, 64 MILES, THROUGH BRAY, KILCOOL, RATHNEW, ARKLOW, GOREY, AND OULART. Miles. Miles. IBEAY 5, Lie Sac) souk eB 10 Gi G orem otis. sy 92 | 432 KilCOOL Bosc 9 ied es 6116! Oulart. ... ast pope eaty oo Rathnew. . . . . . 6/22) Wexford... .... 9 | 64 Arkiow "30. Sen sie 12] 3 Tuts road to Wexford is ten miles shorter than that by Rathdrum and Enniscorthy ; it branches off No. I. at Bray, keeping coastwards to Arklow, where they join, and again takes to the left at Gorey, and proceeds by Oulart to Wexford. A glance at the map will shew the circuitous route the road by Rathdrum and Ennis- corthy makes. In our present line, however, by branching off at Bray, we lose the beauties of the Glen of the Downs, and of the Vale of Ovoca, &c. and by proceeding from Gorey to Oulart, we also lose the fine country around Enniscorthy, and the best parts of the river Slaney. In addition to this, the country from Gorey to Enniscorthy, by Oulart, is uninteresting : the road not in. good order; and neither a posting establishment nor an inn along the line. A new road, however, in this direction, is laid out, which, when finished, together with the necessary accommodations, will be the general line from Dublin to Wexford. . The road from Bray to Wicklow, along the coast is not generally travelled, at least as leading to ulterior points ; and the Wind-gate-hill, beyond Bray, is a deci- ded barrier to it as a general line. This might in a great measure be obviated by running the road on the lower grounds to the left, without in the least injuring Kilruddery park. Under No.1, we have noticed all the principal seats on the coast; still, as there is much to admire in the scenery along the shore, the views of the 16 NO. I.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. mountains on the right, as modified by distance, and the intervening high grounds; and as the tract of country through which the road runs is the richest in the county of Wicklow, we shall notice the leading features in detail. Leaving Bray, the road passes on the right, Old-court, Major Edwards; on the left Bray-head, George Putland, Esq.; and opposite, Avlruddery, the seat of the Earlof Meath. These places have been noticed in pages 3 and 4, but they are approached from this road and immediately connected with it. The road passes close to the promontory of Bray-head, and from the rocks, in clear weather, a view of the coasts and sur- rounding country is obtained. On the right, is the smaller sugar-loaf mountain—the deer-park of Kilrud- dery lying between it and the road. At the summit of Wind-gate-hill, from a detached craggy rock, on the right, you command a view of the rich tract of land through which the road lies. A little below the cross- roads of Wind-gate-hill, on the left, is Templecarrig, the romantic and well-situated lodge of Keating, Esq, now occupied by Major Beresford. On the shore may be seen the Grey-stones, the only rocky feature along the smooth line of coast from Bray-head to Wick- low, and on this, the coast guard havea station. Four miles from Bray, close to the road, on the left, is Kzllen- carrick, Arthur Jones, Esq., adjoining the old castle and hamlet of the same name; and half-a-mile to the right, the beautifully situated village of Delgany, adjoining Bellevue. From the higher parts of this road, a good view is obtained of this fine seat. Two miles further is the hamlet of Kilcool; and on the left, near the shore, Ballygannon, James Scott, Esq. Along the flat coast to the westward, there is a great extent of salt marsh ; but the upland, through this district is beauti- fully varied, fertile and well cultivated. From a rock in front of Kilcool, a good view of the immediate neigh- bourhood is obtained. About a mile to the right of Kilcool are the villas of Kilguade, John T. O'Reilly, Esq. ; Spring-farm, Richard Hudson, Esq.; Ballyvorlan, and hentai hd te Tint a "4 eats MeL as RRA e hee eee Bi alice MON he a ie Rare ee ae ge NO. IIl.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. a hyd Seafield; and half-a-mile forward, close to the road, on the right, Woodstock, Lord Robert Tottenham; these are noticed under No. I. p. 5; but they are also con- nected with this road. From this to Wicklow, the country is very flat, particularly along the shore, where it blends with the extensive sandy beach. Two miles from Woodstock is the small village of Newcastle, with an old castle on the right. At four miles on the left is Grange, Vickers, Esq. A little beyond this, along the shore on the left, is Clon- manon, the seat of R. H. Truel, Esq. The road now, reaching the inn at Newrath-bridge, which is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Vartry, and within a mile of the sea, passes Killoughter, Redmond, Esq. and Rossana on the right; Coolawinny, Tinnekelly, and Clermont on the left; and at twelve miles from Bray falls into the mail-coach line at Rathnew. ; A little beyond Rathnew, the line to Arklow branches to the left of the mail-coach road. It passes through one of the richest and best farmed districts in the county ; and the appearance of many of the farm-houses evidently shews that the occupants have both skill and capital. The surface is varied, rising to high and softly rounded hills, which are cultivated to the very summit. Four miles from Rathnew, on the side of the hill to the left is Dunganstown, the estate and former residence of John Hoey; Esq. Close to the parish church are the ruins of the mansion, still interesting from the fine old trees, and particularly the evergreen oaks and yews which embosom it. Dunganstown is also well known, from the long established public nursery of Mr. Hod- gens, which has contributed so largely to the decoration of the country for many miles around. Among many rare and full-grown shrubs at this nursery, are the largest and finest cedars of Goa in Ireland. Below Dungans- town, close to the shore is Rockfield, Captain White ; and about two miles to the right, environed by the hills, is West Acton, the seat of Colonel Acton. In the - demesne are some of the oldest and highest trees in this c 18 NO. Il.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. part of the country. Two miles onward, to the right, are the villas of Temple-Lyon and Ballykane, Penrose, Esq.; also the pleasantly situated village of Red Cross, through which the old hilly road to Arklow runs. Near this is Ballinamoana, C. Fitzsimon, Esq.; and a little farther, near the shore, is Sallymount, White, Esq. The road now winding through the low hills, skirts the bright sandy strand, and crosses the Ovoca, at its embouchure, under the town of Arklow, which is described in page 10. For description of the country from Arklow to Gorey, see No. I. page 10. From Gorey to Wexford, by Oulart, the road lies through an uninteresting tract of country; in a line nearly parallel to the coast, and within five miles of it, a range of higher grounds intervening. Nine miles from Gorey, pass, on the right, Wells, the seat of Robert Doyne, Esq.; and at twelve, reach the small village of Oulart. Two miles on the left is Island, Mr. Bolton ; at three on the right, near a set of straggling cabins called Ford, is the residence of Mr. Morton. Beyond Oulart, and not far from Castle Ellis church, is Castle Talbot, near the village of Blackwater. From this, there is but little to attract attention, till you reach the thriving village of Castle Bridge. A navigable arm of the sea runs up to it from Wexford; and a consi- derable quantity of corn is purchased and _ stored. The farmers, along the coast, by selling here, instead of Wexford, save two miles, besides the toll payable at Wexford bridge. Artramont, the beautifully situated demesne of George Le Hunt, Esq., much beautified by the river Sow, is close to Castle Bridge, on the right ; and on the left the vast accumulations of sand, formed by the ceaseless action of the ocean along the shore, have a very striking and sterile appearance. Two miles from Castle Bridge cross the Slaney by the wooden bridge already described, and enter the town of Wexford. 19 No. III—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. THIRD ROAD, 70 MILES. THROUGH BLESSINTON, TULLOW, NEWTOWNBARRY, AND ENNISCORTHY. Miles. Miles Tallaght... ./. - 5 OUOW ies, poe Fd Siu hes 83 ; 38 Blessinton’~ <— 3%... (Seed Newtownbarry. . . . 10 | 48 Baltinglass , . . . 153 | 992] Enniscorthy. . . . . 10/58 | Hacketstown is 63 miles to Wexford@a Sty. ne: 32 | 70 | the left of Baltinglass. Tuts road proceeds by the village of Tallaght, which is five miles from the city, and formerly the country resi- dence of the Archbishops of Dublin. There are two roads common to Tallaght; the one by Rathmines and Roundtown, the other by Dolphin’s Barn and Crumlin, but leading from different parts of the city. By Crumlin there is little to remark beyond the fertile and beautifully undulating surface travelled over. By Roundtown there is much to admire, in the numerous villas and other im- provements forming the suburbs on this side of the city. Close to Roundtown, on the left, is Bushy Park, the seat of Sir Robert Shaw, Bart.; and on the right, Terenure, the highly improved seat of Frederick Bourne, Esq.; Fortfield, Sir William M‘Mahon, Bart.; Kimmage, the Right Hon. F. Shaw; Cypress-grove, —— Orr, Esq.; and adjoining the latter, Templeogue, the former residence of the Domville family. On the left of Tem- pleogue are the villas of Newtown, Mount-Prospect, Sallypark, and Fir-House; and at Tallaght, the villa of Mr. Lantaine. Two miles beyond Tallaght, the road ascends a part of the high grounds, which, on this side of the country, commence the vast mountain ranges occupying so great a portion of the county of Wicklow, and from the high- est point of the road is obtained the richest and most extensive view afforded by any public road in the king- dom. Eastward, the city, backed by Howth and Lambay, with the sea in the distance. On the north and west 20 NO. IlI.——DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. the rich champaign lands of the counties of Dublin, Kil- dare, Meath, West Meath, and Louth, adorned with numerous woods and mansions, lie like a vast map beneath, and stretch away as far as the eye can reach. Having gained the level of the higher grounds the road winding along the valley, formed by the ridge of hills on the right, and the mountain ranges on the left, reaches at nine miles, the stage of Brittas; and at ten enters the county of Wicklow. The traveller cannot here fail to observe the large tracts of improvable high and low lands, in a state of waste so near the metropolis. About five miles to the left, near the source of the Liffey, and at the base of Kippure mountain, which rises 2527 feet above the sea, is Kippure-lodge, the romantic seat of George Moore, Esq. Near the road, and also on the left, in the valley of the Liffey, are the villas of Ai- bride, Mr. Moore, and Ballyward, Mr. Finnimore.* At eleven miles on the right, is Horse-shoe, Mr. Coogan ; and at fourteen, BLESSINTON, a small town, consisting of one street, and containing a good inn, and posting establishment. The town is part of the estate of the Marquis of Downshire, close to which, in a park, are the ruins of a mansion, formerly the occasional residence of this noble family. The house was burned in 1798, and not since repaired.t Leaving Blessinton, the country assumes a different as- pect; the mountain ranges recede, and gradually disclose their wide and fertile valleys. Within a mile of the town, on the left, is Baltiboys, the seat of Col. Smith ; and beyond it, close to the road, Russelstown, John * The road leading to the above places joins the Military Road at Sallygap, and by it a pleasant detour of a portion of the mountains can be made. +To those anxious to traverse the mountains on this side of the country, this is the best place to stop at. Good roads lead across the mountains to the SevenChurches, and to the southern plains of Wick- low, and connecting with the branches from Hollywood and Donard. NO. IlII.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. ee”! Hornidge, Esq.; and at two miles Russhorough, the seat of Earl Milltown. The extensive facade of this splendid mansion, has a very imposing appearance from the road. It is considered one of the best specimens of Grecian architecture in this part of the country, and contains a fine collection of original paintings. The large platform on which the house stands, and the series of terraces into which the grounds above the house are formed, must have been a work of great labour. The view from the entrance front of the house is extremely fine ;—the space is not too large to comprehend with the naked eye ;—the foreground is rich, the middle dis- tance varied, and the offscape formed by the outline of the mountains, highly imposing. On the left is Tulfarris, the residence of Richard Hornidge, Esq., and a little beyond it, the villa of Mr. Dunbavin. About four miles from Blessinton, the road passes directly over the cele- brated fall of Phoul-a~-Phuca. Here the river Liffey, which taking its rise under Kippure mountain, already referred to, and for the last six miles, following generally the line of road we have travelled, now augmented by the King’s river, falls over a shelving precipice, forming in its descent, one of the most beautiful falls in the kingdom. Seen from below when the river is full, in connection, with the lofty pointed arch which spans the rocky chasm, it is a very sublime scene. About a mile below the fall, on the right, is the village of Ballymore- Eustace, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Liffey. Near Ballymore, is Broomfield, the lodge of Earl Mount- cashell; Stonebrook, the seat of Henry Thompson, Esq. 5 and Ardenode, William Brownrigg, Esq. A mile be- yond Phoul-a-Phuca, the road passes on the left, Holly- wood, the demesne of Lord William Beresford. This house, like the Marquis of Downshire’s at Blessinton, was burned during the late rebellion, and not since repaired. Adjoining the demesne is the small village of Hollywood, from whence a good road has been lately made across the mountains, by the Seven Churches, to Rathdrum, &c.; and to the lover of romantic scenery, the old 22 NO. IIL.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. road (now only passable on foot from Hollywood to Donard) through the wild rocky defile will be inte- resting. Two miles further the road first meets the Slaney, so important a feature in our onward course, as it emerges from the mountain ravines, and by the addition of several streamlets, is just worthy of a name. Here the dulness and monotony of the preceding six miles is agreeably relieved by the tall chimneys and extensive buildings connected with the calico printing works of Messrs. Orr; the workmen and manager’s houses, detached and grouped with trees—the square fields and rising grounds enclosed with hedge-rows— the village and parish church, with its rude tower top- ping the hill above the tactory, and the euphony of the name—Stratford-on-Slaney—strongly reminds us of the earlier factories in the rural districts of England. This is the only feature of the kind to be met with on this line, and, with the exception of the small cotton-spinning factory below Newtownbarry, and the working of an occasional corn-mill, the silver Slaney pursues its un- disturbed course to the ocean. Beyond this, the road runs through Saunders’ Grove, the seat of R. S. Saunders, Esq. The style of the place reminds one forcibly of the old English manor-house. To the right is Golden Fort, General Saunders, and Knockrigg, James Wall, Esq. To the left, on the rising ground, forming the western termination of the Wicklow mountains in this quarter, is Kilranelagh, Rev. T.F.Green. Two miles from Saunders’ Grove, on the rising grounds to the right, is Stratford Lodge, the seat of the Earl of Aldborough. The hotel, plantations, schoolhouses, and other improvements connected with the demesne, extend to the town of BALTINGLASS, lying in a rich vale watered by the Slaney. In the older books descriptive of the country, much is said of the former importance of this place; the only remarkable features of antiquity now existing, are a small portion NO. Ill.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. 23 of a chapel contiguous to the parish church, and the old castle of the Lords Aldborough. The old abbey founded by Dermod, King of Leinster, 1148, stood near this. The town is small and badly built, and little business beyond the weekly markets is carried on—there are, however, two bleach-greens in operation. It is well situated for a considerable inland trade, with the ad- joining highland districts of Wicklow, and under proper encouragement and guidance, would flourish. From the beauty and cheerful aspect of the neighbourhood, the situation is vegy attractive, and Lord Aldborough, the proprietor of the town, has built a very comfortable inn at a short distance from it, adjoining his demesne. The country around Baltinglass is very romantic, and exhibits almost every variety of scenery. The beautiful hills in its vicinity connect with Lugnaquilla, the highest of the Wicklow mountains, which attains an elevation of 3,040 feet. Hacketstown, a village of considerable extent, lies about six miles to the left, near the foot of the hills which connect the Wicklow mountains with those of Blackstairs in the county of Carlow. It is thirty-five miles from Dublin, the direct road lying through Baltin- glass. Near it, is High Park, W. J. Westby, Esq. ; and within four miles of Baltinglass, on the left of the road to Hacketstown, Humewood, W. W.F. Hume, Esq. Proceeding towards Tullow, at two miles from Baltin- glass, we enter the county of Carlow. On the left is Slaney Park ; Fort Granite, T. S. Dennis, Esq. ; and Balironan, Cumming, Esq. A little farther, also on the left, are the ruins of Mount-Neal ; and beyond it the small village of Rathvilly. On the right are the schools endowed by the late Mr. D’Israel; and near them Rickardstown, Rev. Mr. Whitty ; and the demesne of Beechy Park, Cumming, Esq. At six miles from Baltinglass the road crosses the Slaney at Rathmore, the seat of C. Putland, Esq. ; beyond which, on the right, is Coppenegh, Mr. Young. A little farther, on the left, is Rath, Whelan, Esq.; and beyond it the cottage of Robert Doyne, Esq. * i 24 NO. IIl,—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. TULLOw is situated on the Slaney, and carries on a considerable retail trade with the adjoining country. The town is evidently improving, and a good church and Roman Catholic chapel have lately been built. The handsome spire of the latter and tower of the former, are striking features, and serve to point out the town at a great distance in the surrounding flat country. The soil, for a considerable distance around the town, is good and improved ; and what always appears pleasing to the traveller, the farm-houses, though small, have a neat, comfortable appearance. About three miles to the left of the town is Newstone- House, Robert Eustace, Esq.; and near it, Munny, A. A. Nickson, Esq. These places are prettily situated at the commencement of the high grounds, over which the road from Tullow to Carnew runs. Close to Tullow, on the banks of the Slaney, is Elmgrove, Eustace, Esq. ; and on the right of the town, near the cross-road to Carlow, Castlemore, Eustace, Esq. near the Moat, which is here a conspicuous object. From Tullow to Newtownbarry there are two roads, nearly equi-distant ; that by Clonegall has been lately much improved ;—carriages can now travel it ; and it is an interesting line from the views it affords of the coun- try towards Baltinglass and around Tullow ; and to the south, of the barony of Shillelagh, an upland district of 27,000 Irish acres, the estate of Earl Fitzwilliam ; and also of the romantic scenery around the towns of Clone- gall and Newtownbarry. ‘The other road through Kil- davin, keeping the right bank of the Slaney, being more level, and travelled by the public coaches, is part of our route. Proceeding from Tullow, we pass at one mile‘from the town Ardristan ; at four miles Carrick-Slaney ; and near it, Altamont, Mr. St. George. At five miles on the right, are Sherwood, the seat of Bailey, Esq. ; and on the left, Avlbride, Kehoe, Esq. Ballin- temple, the fine seat of Sir Thomas Butler, Bart. lies to the right, but on the opposite side of the river; and adjoining it Broomfield, Jas. Butler, Esq. The road, NO. I1Il.——DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. "28 now approaching Mounr-LetnsTEr and Buack-Srarrs mountains, reaches, at six miles from Tullow, the ham- let of Kildavin, pleasantly situated in the valley, and near where the Derry river falls into the Slaney. A mile to the left of Kildavin is Clonegall, a neat village, respectably inhabited, and romantically situated on the river Derry. Huntingdon, the villa of Dr. Durdin, adjoins it; and a little to the east, Sandhill, Mr. Douse; and Prospect, George Braddell, Esq. © Along the banks of the Slaney considerable accumu- lations of lime and sandstone pebble have been formed ; and to a great extent near the windings of the river at ‘Kildavin. Numerous excavations are made along the valley for several miles downwards, for the limestone pebble as a manure. The surface and nature of the country now change, and the scenery produced by the mountain ranges rising boldly from the deep fertile valleys, forms a marked contrast with the flat tract behind. The road from Kildavin to Newtownbarry lies over a part of the high grounds connected with Mount-Leinster, and in ascending you command a view of the western district of the Wicklow mountains in the distance ; and underneath the Slaney winding along the wooded banks of Lord Farnham’s Park ;—these woods are the more worthy of notice, being the first natural sylvan scene of any extent in our route. This part of the road, from the steepness both of its ascents and descents, is a great bar to general intercourse; a level line, however, has been lately surveyed. NEWTOWNBARRY, the most interesting village on the road, is situated in a deep, wooded valley, through which flows the Slaney ; andalthough there is much to regret, as regards many of the villages, on-the score of inattention to neatness and comfort, there is much to admire in its ge- neral appearance. A number of respectable people have located in and around it, and thereis a comfortable inn and excellent post-horses. The cottage and beautifully planted grounds of Lord Farnham’s demesne, adjoining the 26 NO. I1I.—DUBLIN TO WEXFORD. village ;—the extensive plantations and neighbouring villas ; the meandering of the Slaney ;—the detached conical hills ;—the Wicklow mountains on the east ; and westward the lofty ranges of Mount Leinster and Black Stairs, render the scenery around this little place highly interesting. A little to the right of the town, on the Ross road, are the slate quarries; the slates, however, are of an inferior kind. From Newtownbarry to Enniscorthy there is a good road on either side of the Slaney, and the distance is ‘nearly the same. That along the left bank is the better, and generally travelled, at least by the public convey- ances; and from the proximity of the roads, the de- scriptions are alike applicable; both lines fall into the mail-coach road by Gorey and Ferns, near Scarawalsh bridge. The principal villas around are, Ransford Lodge, Bal- linapark, and Clohamon Lodge. Leaving Newtown- barry the road keeps the right bank of the Slaney for nearly two miles, when it crosses the river at the village of Clohamon, where a small cotton factory is carried on. Farther down are the pleasantly situated villas of Mr. Devereux and Mr. Hoare, near Clobemon Hall, the seat of Matthew De Renzy, Esq. This house is a neat modern building, and the extensive plantations of this handsome residence, aided by those of the adjoining villas, add much to the general scenery. A little below Clobemon Hall, on the opposite banks of the river, is Mountfin, Edward Carey, Esq. The old mansion, with its connecting open yards surrounded by the fine old trees, few though they be, have avenerable appearance. On the high grounds above the house there is a consi- derable extent of natural coppicewood, which helps to relieve the bleakness of the country westward. A little below Mountfin is the cottage of William Richards, Esq. The valley through which the river here flows is by no means rich: the banks are tame, and but little adorned from this, until the road joins the mail-coach line at Scarawalsh-bridge. 27 No. [V.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES OF GLENDALOUGH... ° FIRST ROAD—23 MILES. BY ENNISKERRY AND ROUNDWOOD, WITH THE BRANCH ROADS TO RATHDRUM AND OVOCA INN, BY GLENMALURE. Miles, Miles. Enniskerry : .. . . 10;; Branch from Glendalough to | iweod hath or Beg baer ge ANAS Branch from do. to Ovoca Inn Glendalough. . . .. 5 | 23 by;Glenmature)-"". <0. -- Bryonp Enniskerry and the numerous seats adjoining, this is not a line of great traffic, particularly in winter ; the high country is poor and thinly inhabited. This road has been much improved of late; and in summer much frequented, from the various interesting places it leads to. The general line to Roundwood for laden vehicles, is by the mail-coach road as far as the entrance to the Glen of the Downs, where a road branches off to the base of the Long Hill, thus avoiding the short and steep hills between that point and the Scalp. Round- wood is also approached by a branch from Newtown- Mount-Kennedy. Proceeding by the south side of the city, and crossing the Dodder, a small river emptying itself into the bay at Ringsend, we soon reach the village of Milltown, and a little onward that of Dundrum. On clearing the town, the environs on this side at once assume a rural cha- racter. The villas, though small, are numerous; and the proximity to the mountains, the salubrity of the air, and the means of recreation afforded by the numerous roads branching off in various directions, have long rendered this place generally attractive to the citizens, and to invalids a place of frequent resort. Beyond Dundrum the road skirts the base of the mountain ranges, through which our road winds to the termination of this route ; passing on theright, several of the granite quarries opened for the supply of building stone. On the left, the detached fragments of that rock attest what the surface of this imme- 28 NO. IV.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. diate portion of the country must have been some years ago. From this road you command a view of the city ; and eastward, that tract covered with villas, through which the various lines of road from Dublin to Bray run: the more conspicuous, from their elevation and proximity, being Mount Annville and Mount Merrion. A little beyond Dundrum, on the right, is Moreen, the villa of Mr. M‘Key; and near it, on the same side, the cottage of Alderman Darley, remarkable from its situation on the hill side. In the lower grounds to the left, are the old castle, church ruins, and village of Kilgobbin; and a mile farther the village of Kilternan—Ailiernan House, the residence of Mr. Anderson, lying a little to the right. On the hill side to the left, are the Lead Mines. Passing on the right Springfield, the villa of Thomas Thompson, Esq. romantically situated at the commencement of that remarkable ravine, well known as the Scalp. The road now enters the county of Wicklow, and soon reaches ENNISKERRY, which is delightfully situated in a deep valley, watered by one of the streams running into the Bray river. The picturesque cottages, the scenery around the neighbourhood, and the improvements of the proprietor, Lord Powerscourt, render this the most interesting of the small places around Dublin. It is much fre- quented by the citizens; and is the first stage to the Seven Churches. There is a comfortable inn, and several respectable lodging houses—good cars and horses can also be hired. The road leaving Enniskerry is very steep; this, however, might be remedied by a line traversing the sloping grounds, up which the pre- sent road is carried. Proceeding, we pass close to the fine seat of Viscount Powerscourt on the right; and in the valley below, Tinnehinch, James Grattan, Esq. M.P. The house, a plain edifice, is close to the road, in an angle of that beautifully wooded valley, a branch of which commences at the Waterfall and extends to Bray. It connects also with Glencree, and contains NO. IV.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. 29 the Powerscourt deer-park, and the ravine of the Dargle. It is watered by several streams bearing va- rious local names, which run from the mountain ravines and glens, and uniting in their progress downwards, are borne in one channel called the Bray river to the sea. Beyond Tinnehinch, on the right, is Charleville, the seat of the Earl of Rathdown; and on the left, Bushy Park, Hon. Hugh Howard. A little farther also, on the left, is Ballyornan, the villa of Mrs. Quin, adjoining the cottage of the Rev. Robert Daly. The above seats have been noticed under No. I. page 5; but as our present road actually runs through the demesnes, it was deemed necessary again to particularize them. A little onwards we commence the ascent of the northern side of Sugar-loaf mountain, generally called the Long Hill, by a new line of road which is still steep ; but might be greatly improved.* In ascending you obtain a fine view of Powerscourt demesne and the adjoining seats, with Glencree, and its mountain boun- daries. On gaining the summit level of the road, the vast moorland tract which stretches westwards beyond Roundwood, bursts upon the view. From this point Sugar-loaf is easily ascended, as the ground slopes gently to within 200 feet of the very apex of the cone. At the cross-roads of Ballinastow, is the inn lately built by Major Beresford, conveniently situated for tourists visiting the Devil’s Glen, Glen of the Downs, &c. from this road; and near it is the small solitary church of Callary. Though unimportant as buildings, yet they are features in this dreary tract of partially reclaimed table land, which is elevated 600 feet above the level of the sea. As we proceed, on the left is T'ythewer, the cottage of Nuttall, Esq. The experiments lately made here * At the foot of the hill a road branches off to the Wexford mail-coach line ; and by it carriages generally travel, to avoid the hills on our present road, between this point and the Scalp. 30 NO. IV.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. with a view to acclimatising many sorts of exotic trees and shrubs render this small place interesting to the planter. Two miles beyond this, is the small village of ROUNDWOOD, chiefly remarkable as a halting place, and containing two snug inns. Here visiters to the Seven Churches usually stop—no other inn being nearer. ‘The soil im- mediately around Roundwood is comparatively good, and cultivated to a considerable extent. The small mountain lochs Dan and Tay, are convenient, and approached by a branch off the Enniskerry line just described. Lough Tay lies about three miles from Roundwood; its area is about 70 Irish acres; and occupies one of those crater-like basins so common in this mountain district ; from the height and boldness of the sides, which rise almost perpendicular from the surface of the still deep water, and the sequestered cottage of Luggelaw on the shores, with its beautiful lawn in front, and back-ground of wood contrasting with the wild scenery around—Lough Tay is one of the most picturesque spots in Wicklow. The surplus waters of this lough run through a cir- cuitous verdant mountain valley to Lough Dan, which is nearer to Roundwood; and can be approached by another road leading from that village. Its area is about one hundred and sixty Irish acres. The scenery, though not so striking as that around Lough Tay, is interesting. From the variety and beauty of the natural copses, the shelter of the mountain glens, and the companionship of the brawling streams, the road beyond Roundwood becomes more interesting. About one mile pass the church of Derrylossery, a feature in this houseless tract; and at two miles reach the village of ANNAMOE. To the left of this village, on the high grounds, embo- somed in wood, is Castle Kevin, the residence of Dr. Frizelle ; and to the right in the glen close to the road, is Dromeen, Hugo, Esq.; and in an elevated NO. IV.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. 31 situation, about a mile to the right, and near the lower end of Lough Dan, is Lake- View, the cottage of Surgeon Macklin. The appearance of the country onwards, is still farther improved, by the small tracts of reclaimed ground, mixed with patches of brush-wood, and the extensive copse which accompanies the river, and covers a considerable space of the rising grounds between Annamoe and Laragh. Here the road intersects the military line from Dublin to Aughavanagh. To the right is the barrack of Laragh, now occupied by a detachment of police, which, from its extent and elevated site, is a feature in this dreary tract. Here also the various mountain streams which discharge the waters of Loughs Tay, Dan, Nahanagan, Ouler, and Glendalough, together with all the streamlets which issue from the numerous glens and ravines in this district meet; and their united waters, under the name of the Avonmore, flow softly through the beautiful vale of Clara, which, commencing at Glendalough, and winding past Rathdrum and through Avondale, blend with the Ovoca under Castle Howard. At the confluence of the above streams, and at the base of Derrybawn mountain, is Derrybawn, the seat of W. T. Bookey, Esq. The house is a neat modern edifice, and stands in a thicket of trees, which connect with the extensive plantations on the mountain side. From the nature of the soil, the low grounds of this demesne have been improved at a vast expense ;—they stretch for a considerable distance down the banks of the Avonmore river, and up the Glendalough stream, in- cluding the southern side of the lough; and as far as they are cultivated, the richness of the verdure con- trasts strongly with the sterility around. The extensive copse-wood of Ballard, in front of the house, gives the place quite a forest character. The village of Laragh, close to the bridge, contains one or two good public houses, where parties occasionally stop. The ruins of the Seven Cuurcues lie about half a mile west of Laragh bridge; they are merely the QS eee a pe Bi ee i ~ ninialinhe 32 =NO.IV.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. scattered fragments of what appear to have originally been, with two or three exceptions, small rude build- ings. The principal group, consisting of the Cathedral, Our Lady's Church, St. Kevin's Kitchen, and the Round Tower, stand on a grassy eminence rising over the small piece of water called Poolanass, which is detached from the lake. You enter the well-tenanted cemetery, which surrounds the cathedral by a ruined arch-way. The other ruins, which appear to be pressed into the service to make up the mystical number seven, are scattered along the road side and opposite shores of the lake ;—they are now merely masses of mouldering walls, with scarcely any architectural feature remaining, and are termed the Jvy Church, Rhefeart Church, The Abbey, and Team-pull-na-Skellig. Thelake is about a mile in length by a fourth in breadth ; it is supplied by two streamlets which run down the steep sides of the mountains ; that on the south side runs through a deep wooded ravine, which separates the mountain of Derrybawn from the more lofty Lugduff, and is called the Poolanass brook; it forms a beautiful cascade on a small scale, as it forces its way through the chasms of the rocks; the other, on the western end of the lake, called Glaneola, runs between Lugduff and Coma- derry, and when the stream is full, has a good effect, falling rapidly down the naked rock. The mountain boundaries of the lake are lofty and precipitous, and rise in many places almost perpendicu- lar from the deep, dark waters; the shores are well fringed with underwood ; and the mountain ash, birch, oak, and holly, wherever they can obtain a footing, serve to relieve and soften the sternness of the moun- tain sides. There is nothing picturesque in the scenery of Glen- dalough; it is of a sterile and melancholy character, not bold enough certainly in its features to be denomi- nated grand; and if it produces some feeling allied to the sublime, this is not owing to the majestic features of the scenery, but to its solitary and sombre nature, NO IV.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. 33 and to the associations which are perhaps awakened by the crumbling relics of other days—so perfectly in unison with that character.* From these memorials, the attention is directed to the neighbouring glen, Anafane; in which are the extensive lead mines. Along this glen a new road, joining the great Dublin and Wexford line by Tul- low, runs. It is 13 miles from Laragh to Hollywood, the point of intersection, but there is also a branch to Blessinton. The advantages of these roads are con- siderable; they open up hitherto inaccessible tracts of mountain country, and connect the rich low lands lying on the northern and southern sides of this great moun- tain range. Laragh is the point where the above line meets the military road from Dublin by Glencree, and from Dublin to this place by Roundwood. From Laragh, an excellent level line runs to Rathdrum, through the vale of Clara, already adverted to. It is five miles in length, and keeps the right banks of the river, passing the woods of Clarabeg and Ballygannon, also Copse, Major Evans, which is near the town. The military road crossing Glenmalure at Drumgoff, continues from Laragh to Aughavanagh barracks; and thence connecting roads extend to Baltinglass and Tinehely. A delightful detour may be made from Laragh to the Ovoca inn, along the military line as far as Drumgoff bar- racks ; and in ascending the very elevated grounds which lie between Laragh and that point, a general topographical knowledge of the country may be obtained :—The rela- tive heights and positions of the different mountains, the numerous glens winding through, and forming natural boundaries whereby to distinguish them, with many of the localities referred to in Guide-books, may, * For many interesting particulars relative to the history, scenery, legends, &c. of the Seven Churches of Glendalough, we beg again to refer to the « Guide to Wicklow.” D 34 NO IV.— DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. with the assistance of a map from this interesting line of road, be readily comprehended.* The descent to Glenmalure is steep, but this is unavoidable, from the nature of the grounds. Assigning natural boundaries to Glenmalure, it may be said to terminate near Castle Howard, where, with the Vale of Clara, it blends with the Vale of Ovoca. The Avonbeg river, which runs through the whole length of the valley, issues from Finogefin, a small lake above the head of the glen; and is precipitated down the steep face of the table mountain, forming in its progress the Ess-fall. In its course through the glen it receives numerous tributary streamlets, which increase its volume before it meets the Avonmore. The upper part of Glenmalure is by far the finest of the Wicklow glens ;—indeed, with the exception of the Killeries in Cunnemara, it is not to be equalled in the kingdom. This part extends from the head to a little below Drumgoff barracks, being about four and a half miles long, by a quarter of a mile in breadth. From this to its termination is about five and a half miles ; and as you descend, it gradually assumes the character of the peaceful, open, cultivated valley. There is a small inn at the cross-roads of Drumgoff. The barracks, a large formal building, standing on a raised platform in the centre of the valley, contrasts strongly with the bold and desolate scenery around. They are now occupied by the workmen employed in the adjoining lead mines of Ballinafinchogue. The road up the valley leads to Donard, but be- yond the lead mines, it is quite unfit for vehicles of any kind. Our route lies downwards, along a good line of road and through a delightful country. We soon reach the rich and beautiful lands of Farnanerin, and at two miles from Drumgoff, pass Ballinacor, the seat of Kemmis, Esq. The handsome Grecian villa * The small map of Wicklow, published by Curry and Co., and engraved by Sidney Hall, is the only good one extant. NO. V—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. 35 lately built here, occupies an elevated site, and com- mands a fine prospect down the valley. A little below is the hamlet of Grenane; and beyond it, on the right, Ballard, Mr. Lawrence: the latter is near to the plea- santly situated village of Clash. Whaley Abbey is now in ruins, the proprietor, Whaley, Esq. occa- sionally resides in a neat cottage near the old site, which is to the right of Clash. A mile onward, we meet the Arklow road, a little above the Ovoca inn. No. VY—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES OF GLENDALOUGH. SECOND ROAD, 23} MILES. BY THE MILITARY ROAD. Miles. Rathfarnham ~ ; : 3 3 Glencree Barracks . . . Sit Pane! Sallygap . . teh & : . 42 | 142 Laragh Barracks : 9 | 233 THis road proceeds by Roundtown, (noticed in No. III.) and the suburban village of Rathfarnham, which is pleasantly situated on the grounds rising from the small river Dodder. It was originally connected with Rathfarnham Castle, the seat of the Marquess of Ely ; the castle is now in a state of decay, the family not having resided here for many years. The country from this, along the base of the hills, is beautiful, and partakes more of a romantic and secluded cha- racter than any other part immediately around the city. Among the numerous country residences in this district our limits will only permit us noticing Marley, the delightful seat of Latouche, Esq.; the Little Dargle, Barker, Esq.; and Holly Park, Foote, Esq.; referring for further particulars to the Guide to Dublin and its environs. In ascending the hills, the views of the city and bay are magnificent ; with the richly-wooded suburbs, diversified by the 36 NO. V.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. numerous spires and other buildings rising over the trees. About two miles from Rathfarnham, on the right, is Killakee, the seat of Samuel White, Esq.. M.P. From the mansion and many parts of the grounds the views we have just referred to, under various modifications, are obtained. Here the Military Road begins, and extends to Aughavanagh, a distance of thirty-two miles: this was the first application of civil engineering to upland roads in this country, and made by the government about thirty-four years ago, (who erected four military stations along the line,) with a view to open up the extensive, and before that period, almost inaccessible tract of mountain country. The barracks are now given up, and the road is kept in repair by grand jury presentments. From the nature of the country the road is in many places hilly, not fit for the general purposes of intercourse, and seldom travelled except by the farmers who are located in the district. Lying wholly through a mountain tract, in summer it affords a pleasant route to those interested in upland scenery ; but there is not a place worthy of calling a house of entertainment between Rathfarnham and the Churches. About seven miles from Dublin the road enters the county of Wicklow; and at nine reaches the head of Glencree, which extends to Powerscourt deer-park. Glencree barracks, the first military station on this line, is close to the road on the left; and on the right, a little beyond the barracks, is Lough Bray, one of the smallest of the Wicklow loughs, being in extent about thirty-seven Irish acres, but interesting from the wild lofty scenery around. Here the Surgeon-General (Crampton) has built a picturesque cottage suited to the character of the place, to which, from the fatigues of his professional duties, he occasionally retreats. There is a smaller lough above this, and the waters from both run into the Glencree stream, and, like all the rivulets flowing into the Bray river, abound with bog and grey trout. ree ere eae NO. V.—DUBLIN TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES. 37 At Sallygap, which is thirteen miles from Dublin, we meet the cross-road from Blessinton to Roundwood ; one of the old mountain passes, but now considerably improved, at least from Sallygap to Blessinton. From this point of intersection a very pleasant detour can be made, either towards Blessinton, or by Luggelaw, to Roundwood. Luggelaw lies about three miles to the left, but the road is not fit for carriages. Blessinton is about eight miles to the right, and the road proceeds through the narrow mountain valley, which is watered by the Liffey, (here a small stream, taking its rise not far from the point where the roads intersect,) passing under Kippure mountain, and along the improvements connected with Kippure Lodge, the seat of George Moore, Esq. on the right, and those of the Marquis of Downshire on the left bank of the river. About three miles below Mr. Moore’s Lodge the road branches to Dublin by Brittas, which is ten miles from the city. Returning to the Military Road, and proceeding along the dreary houseless tract, interesting, no doubt, from the variety and extent of hill and dale, mountain and glen, which is disclosed to view; still it must be a matter of deep regret, in looking along the chain of mountains which appear on every side, to think that they contain, in their numerous valleys and on their sides, thousands of uncultivated and uninhabited acres, susceptible of the highest improvement. At five miles from Sallygap we reach Glenmacanass, the only valley in the whole length of the Military Road, which the engineer could take advantage of; at the head of the valley the stream, which runs through it, forms a pretty cascade, as it falls over a shelving rock. The small Lough Ouler lies about a mile to the right of the cas- cade; its surplus waters forming part of the fall. GLENMACANASS is a narrow, sheltered valley about three and a half miles in length, the sides in many places fertile and cultivated, and presents a striking contrast to the preceding long and barren high land tract. The road keeps the valley until it intersects the Roundwood line, under the barracks of Laragh. ee ae 38 No. VI—DUBLIN TO TINEHELY AND CARNEW, BY RATHDRUM AND AGHRIM. TO TINEHELY. Miles. TO CARNEW. Milles. Rathdrum, asin No.[I. . 30 Aghrim, as in annexed Aghrim . . : - 8} 38 Table : , 8 Tinehely . 2 ‘ - 63) 442 Carnew 5 = ~ 12 | 50 TO CARNEW BY GOREY. TO CARNEW BY TULLOW. Gorey, asin No.1. . | 472 Tullow, as in No. III. . | 38 | Carew . : : - 9| 562 Carnew ri as ~ 12150 TINEHELY and CaRNEw are small towns in the barony of Shillelagh, and county of Wicklow, and part of the large estates of Earl Fitzwilliam. We have put them as ultimate points, merely to enable us to describe an intermediate portion of country, which otherwise would have remained unnoticed. The route by Rath- drum and Aghrim is that generally laid down, but is hilly, and not often travelled except by those en- gaged in the local business of the district. We would therefore advise the traveller going to Tinehely to keep the route No. I. as far as Woodenbridge Inn, and thence proceed by the village of Aghrim. Tra- vellers going to Carnew by the public coaches generally keep the route No. I. to Gorey, and from that proceed by a branch road of nine miles. This makes the dis- tance from Dublin 567 miles; or by Tullow on the route No. III. from whence there is a branch road of twelve miles, making the distance fifty miles. The road from .Tullow is, however, more hilly than that from Gorey. In describing the route by Rathdrum and Aghrim, as far as the latter place, there is nothing remarkable beyond what we have noticed in No. IV. page 27. AGuri™ is a small village situated near the river bearing the waters of several mountain rivulets to the - Ovoca, which it joins near the Woodenbridge Inn, forming what is called the Second Meeting of the Waters. NO. VI.—DUBLIN TO TINEHELY AND CARNEW. 39 The scenery connected with this confluence is by many preferred to that where the Avonmore and Avon- beg mingle their waters, and is supposed by some to be the meeting described by Moore in one of his popular melodies. Three miles to the left of Aghrim is Croghan Kin- shella, a mountain rising 2150 feet above the level of the sea, where, in the deposit of a stream called Balli- navalley, which runs down the mountain, in the year 1775, the peasantry are said to have found alluvial gold to the value of £10,000. Government afterwards undertook the search for the auriferous veins, but the result proving unproductive, the scheme was abandoned in 1801. Near Aghrim, on the left, is Clone, the residence of | Coates, Esq.; four miles onwards, Ballybeg, Arthur Symes, Esq.; and two miles further the comfortable little town of Tinehely. From Aghrim the scenery is agreeably varied by the boldly swelling surface. The road to Carnew branches at Aghrim, and proceeds by the village of Coolboye and Hill-brook, leaving Tinehely about two miles to the right. CarNew is an orderly, small town; the houses well built, and respectably inhabited. The rector of the parish occupies the old castle. A loan fund has been successfully carried on here for the last two years, during which time no less a sum than £10,000 has been lent out. It is managed by the rector and Mr. Challoner, aided by the inhabitants. Within a mile of the town, on the Gorey road, is Ballyellis, formerly the seat of Sir J. Jervis, Bart. Coolattin Park, the residence of Earl Fitzwilliam, lies three miles from Carnew, and about midway between that town and Tinehely. The mansion is large and commodious; and, like all the other numerous buildings which, for domestic purposes, have been erected on this property, built more with a view to permanent comfort, than external appearance. Connected with the Park much has been done in the reclamation of waste lands ; 40 NO. VIL——DUBLIN TO ST. MARGARET'S. and throughout the whole estate every facility and encouragement is given to the improvement of the soil, and bettering the condition of the occupants. The improvements are carried on under the direction of Mr. Challoner, his Lordship’s relative, who resides at Coolattin Park; they are only in progress, but even at this time, few estates, if any, in the south of Ireland, can boast of so respectable a tenantry. The Park contains some good timber; it is watered by the Derry river, in its progress to the Slaney, by Clonegall ; Coolattin inn and school-house adjoin the demesne ; and near the latter the hamlet of Shillelagh, containing a neat church and several good houses. This district isan upland tract of arable land, bounded on the east and north by the mountains of Wicklow, in which county it is situated; and on the south and west by the higher lands of Wexford. The soil is various, generally inferior; but under judicious treatment, ca- pable of great improvement. It was formerly noted for its extent of oak forest, and the durability of the timber ; - ——how, except the old trees in Coolattin Park and one or two other places, little but. copse wood remains. No. VII—DU® .IN TO ST. MARGARET'S, (IN THE BARONY OF FORTH, ) 83 MILES. Miles. Wexford as in No. I. Pees 74 StuMargarch’sy y.iit< men iud) (OMeS Tuts road lies through the barony of Forth, which, in an agricultural point of view, is one of the most interest- ing districts in this part of the country. There is not much natural beauty in the barony; but there is the aspect of a very rich soil, good husbandry, and a happy, industrious and comfortable tenantry. . The inhabitants were originally a south Welsh colony ; and till of late NO. VIII.—DUBLIN TO BANNOW. 41 years the language of Wales was generally spoken. This district, comprehending the baronies of Forth and Bargy, is considered one of the richest tracts of land in the south of Ireland. It contains about fifty square miles, and stretches along the shore from Carnsore Pomt to Bannow ;—is very flat, and much exposed to the influence of the sea storm. The road leaves Wexford by Cromwell's Fort (the Rev. Mr. Carnock) and the limestone quarries: the latter remarkable as being, with the exception of the peninsula of Hookhead, the only place where lime- stone is found in any quantity in the county of Wexford. At three miles it passes the villas of Ailliane, Her- mitage, and Summerseat ; and at eight miles reaches the village of Broadway ; one mile farther, and close on the shore, is St. Margaret's, the,seat of Edward W. Nunn, Esq.; and about two miles south of this, Carnsore Point; near which is Ballyhire, Mr. Edwards. About two miles to the left of St. Margaret’s, is Bally- ranagan, Mr. Howlin. The sandy peninsula of Roslare, (on which a number of bathing cottages have lately been built,) in extent four miles, is approached by a branch off this road. It forms one of the boundaries of the bay of Wexford, and on this side has a singularly sterile appearance. No. VIII.—DUBLIN TO BANNOW. FIRST ROAD, 88 MILES. BY WEXFORD. Miles. Wexford, asin No. I. é he Bannow, . c 5 lis 88 Tuts road runs for four miles through the barony of Forth; and for the remainder through Bargy. The * 42 NO. VIII.—=DUBLIN TO BANNOW. observations we have made on the soil, husbandry appearance and condition of the people in describing the country through which the road to St. Margaret’s runs, are here alike applicable. Leaving Wexford, the country to the right is varied by what is here called the Barony of Forth mountains; a low ridge of rocky hills, four miles in length, forming a remarkable feature in this flat country, and separating the rich flat tracts of the baronies of Forth and Bargy, from the more northerly, undulating, and less fertile districts. At three miles are Rathaspeck, L. V. W. Richards, Esq.: and Johnstown Castle, the seat of H. K. Grogan Morgan, Esq. The mansion is an extensive modern building; and the demesne is the largest and most improved in this part of the country. At five miles, Sledagh, the seat of Benjamin Wilson, Esq. ; and at seven and a half, Brideswell, the residence of Dow- ager Lady King. Near this is the village of Baldwins- town; to the right of which, is Richfield. Ten miles from Wexford, is the village of Duncormuck, on an arm of the sea, called here a salt-water lough. The lough is of considerable extent, and is connected with Bally- teigue bay by a very narrow inlet. Between the lough and bay, is the most extensive rabbit-warren along this coast. The old castle of Ballyteigue is at the head of the warren; and the Saltee islands are three miles off the shore. Two miles from Duncormuck, is Bannow House, the seat of Thomas Boyse, Esq.; and a little beyond it, near the shore, the small village and abbey ruins of Bannow, situated in a narrow winding bay running about three miles inland. Bannow has been called by Mr. Inglis, Rev. R. Walsh, and others, the Irish Herculaneum ; on what grounds, we are at a loss to discover. Nota vestige of antiquity remains, nor does a feature exist, nor is there even a legen- dary story among the peasantry to warrant such a statement. A shallow winding creek choked with sand, dreary. shores—still made more dreary by the lonely NO. IX.—DUBLIN TO BANNOW. 43 ruins of the Abbey, on its sequestered green knoll, render however the site of this imaginary town interesting. No. IX.—DUBLIN TO BANNOW. SECOND ROAD, 82 MILES. BY ENNISCORTHY, AND TAGHMON. Miles. Enniscorthy, as in No. I. 62 Daphinon, eat) ec era ehh ae - 11 | 73 Bannows29 tier foes ot EON Bo Tuts is the direct road from Dublin to these places. It is nearer by six miles to Bannow than the preceding line through Wexford; but the road from Enniscorthy to Taghmon is not so good either in point of level or repair; nor are there any public conveyances along that portion of the line. Proceeding from Enniscorthy along the right bank of the Slaney, at three miles we reach Wilton, the seat of Harry Alcock, Esq. The house is beautifully situated on the small river Boro. The various scenes and seats between Wilton and Enniscorthy we have already noticed in our description of the road from that town to Wexford. A little beyond Wilton is the village of Bree, under the hill of that name, which the road passes on the right; and near Bree is Clonmore, Mr. Donovan. Six miles farther, the road reaches the small town of Taghmon, which is situated on the cross mail-coach line from Wexford to Waterford by Ross. The country between Enniscorthy and Taghmon is agreeably varied by the hills of Bree, Rahenahoun, Camross, and the craggy ridge of Carrickburn; all which are on the right. The whole country has an agreeable aspect ; the soil is middling, and compara- tively well cultivated. 44 NO. X.—DUBLIN TO FETHARD AND BALLYHACK. Four miles from Taghmon, along the mail-coach line to Ross, is Scullabogue, immediately under the rock of Carrickburn ; at this place, one of the most sanguinary acts which happened during the late rebellion was per- petrated ; near it is Carrickburn Lodge, Gen. Browne Clayton. About a mile to the right of Taghmon is Tottenham Green, Lord Robert Tottenham ; beyond which is Horestown, Jacob Goff, Esq., near the village of Foulkstnill. Leaving Taghmon for Bannow, we pass at two miles on the right, Slevoy, Colonel Pigott; and Cool- cliffe, Sir W. Cox; on the left, Harperstown, Walter Hore, Esq.; and at three miles, Rosegarland, the seat of Francis Leigh, Esq. At four miles we meet the new line of road from Wexford to Passage-east which crosses the Scar. The Scar is the upper and narrower part of Bannow bay, up which numerous lighters ply with limestone and culm. The limestone is brought from the peninsula of Hookhead ; and is used to a great extent throughout the whole of this tillage district. On the banks of the Scar, and about a mile and a half from our road are the detached ruins of Clonmines; the abbey was founded in 1385. From this to Bannow there is little to remark beyond what we have adverted to in the description of the preceding road. No. X—DUBLIN TO FETHARD AND BALLYHACK, BY ENNISCORTHY AND TAGHMON, TO FETHARD. Miles. TO BALLYHACK. files. Taghmon, asin No. IX. 73 Taghmon, asin No. IX. | 73 Tintern, Sarre ate Mal OSS Ballyhack . . 121 95 Fethard, 4 BS ie Out SO | From Taghmon we proceed by Foulksmill and the places in that neighbourhood already mentioned in NO. X.—DUBLIN TO FETHARD AND BALLYHACK. 45 No. IX. to the new line leading from Wexford to Bally- hack, from whence a branch leads to Tintern. From Wellington bridge, along the road, the views of Clon- mines ruins, on the banks of the Scar, are pleasing. TINTERN, consisting of the small hamlet and demesne of Cesar Colclough, Esq. is situated on an arm of the Bay of Bannow. The ruins of the beautiful Abbey erected by William Earl of Pembroke, in consequence of a vow he had made in anticipation of shipwreck, are in the demesne; and part of the old Castle adjoining the abbey, has been repaired and added to, as aresidence by the proprietor. The small sea bay, the shelter, the aspect, the truly rural scenery, the fine old ruins and associations connected with them, render Tintern, per- haps, the most interesting spot in Wexford. FeTHARp is three miles from Tintern. It is a small fishing village close on the shore, and exactly opposite to Bannow. These towns are separated by a narrow channel, forming the inlet to Bannow bay. About a mile below Fethard, is BAGENBoN Heap, where the Anglo-Normans, under Strongbow, made their first hostile landing in 1171. Three miles below Fethard, is Loftus Hall, the occasional residence of the Marquess of Ely; the house is far from what the name implies, being avery plain building, standing in the centre of a narrow peninsula called Hookhead, which projects about four miles from the main land. Hook lighthouse, an im- portant feature in the navigation of this coast, stands at the extremity ; it is one of the ancient round towers, one hundred feet high, and thirty-five in diameter, converted to this useful purpose. Near the tower is the small village of Churchtown. Limestone is found in abundance in this peninsula, and for agricultural purposes is used exten- sively throughout the adjoining tillage district. TO BALLYHACK. From Wellington bridge, above referred to, there is a new line of road lying through a fertile tract of country, chiefly under tillage. The surface is undulat- 46 NO. XI.—DUBLIN TO ROSS. ing, and but little adorned; but the quality of the soil is inferior to the lower districts of Forth and Bargy. BALLYHACK is a small village romantically situated on the bold rocky shores of a narrow arm of the sea, desig- nated in maps as Waterford harbour, although it is fourteen miles from that city. This harbour is the em- bouchure of the great southern rivers, Suir, Nore, and Barrow. Opposite to Ballyhack is Passage-east, a small town in the county of Waterford, formerly a thriving place, but now much decayed. The tide-way between these places is about half a mile in breadth; and a regular Ferry has been long established; and here, in times of storm, any number of vessels may safelyride. Adjoining Ballyhack is Dunbrody Park, the seat of Lord Tem- plemore; two miles below, on a commanding position over the bay, is Duncannon Fort, erected in 1588, where a smal] garrison is maintained; and three miles above Ballyhack, is Dunsropy ABBEY, founded in 1178, by far the finest of the monastic ruins in this part of the country. It is situated on a projecting point of land, at the wide-spreading confluence of the tide rivers, Suir and Ross. A little above the Abbey, is Kilmanick, George P. Haughton, Esq. with several villas beautifully situated on the estuary which the enlarged waters here form. No. XI.—DUBLIN TO ROSS, FIRST ROAD, 77} MILES. BY ENNISCORTHY AND STONE POUND. Miles. Enniscorthy, asin No.I. . “ : 62 Stone Pound . Fs sft tes . 6 | 68 | Ross ee ta Met se ele ee MOR NT Te Ross, from its peculiar situation, is approached from Dublin by various routes; and at present all of them are hilly and more or less circuitous. The only public NO. XI.—-DUBLIN TO ROss. 47 conveyances direct from Dublin to Ross, are, a daily car from Enniscorthy by the route here described, another on alternate days from Carlow by Borris, and a car in connection with the Waterford mail from Thomastown. A new line of road is partly in progress from Tullow to Ross, which, in connection with the emendations on the line from the latter town to Waterford, will, in the course of two or three years, be the leading road between Dublin, Ross, and Waterford. At present the most convenient line of approach is by Thomastown. There is nothing very striking in the country from Enniscorthy to Ross; but to a stranger the numerous small enclosures, fenced by furze hedges, will be a novelty. This mode of fencing prevails to a great extent through- out the counties of Wexford, Waterford, and Kilkenny ; at least among all the small farmers; and forms, almost in all cases, their only shelter, and in many places their fuel. The furze hedges are suffered to attain a conside- rable height before cutdown. When in flower they serve to beautify and enliven the country; but unfortunately all the upland of Wexford is naturally prone to the growth of furze, and this tendency increased by the seeds from the hedges greatly injures the soil. A little beyond Enniscorthy are the handsome villas of Broomfield, Dunsinane, and Daphne; and about a mile to the right of our road, close to the hamlet of Forge, is Moynart House, the seat of Edward R. Cookman, Esq. About two miles from this, and on the cross-road leading from Enniscorthy to Borris, is Killoughram House, Robert William Phayre, Esq. situated in the centre of the forest of Moynart, one of the most ex- tensive remnants of natural wood in the south. At six miles we reach the small village of Stone Pound; and about a mile to the right of it, is Castleboro, the fine seat of Lord Carew. The plantations connected with the demesne extend for a considerable distance, and form a relief to the nakedness (save the clothing from the furze hedges) around. Five miles from Stone Pound, on the right, is Palace, Mr. Harman; and ee — 48 NO. XI.—DUBLIN TO ROSS. nearly opposite to it, Robinstown, John Redmond, Esq.; and on the right, Berkley, the seat of George Berkley Deane, Esq. Passing the hill of Lacken, on the left, and ascending a very steep road, reach the poor suburbs of ROSS. The town is situated on the banks of the Barrow, which here rise quickly and to a considerable height above the water. The old town was greatly injured during the rebellion, and the late buildings have been erected in an irregular manner; the higher parts of the town are very hilly and difficult of access; the lower and more accessible streets lie along the river adjoining the quay. The Barrow, below the town, till it meets the Suir at Cheek Point, distant ten miles, is often marked in charts, the Ross River; it is navigable for ships of 200 tons burthen up to the quay, and for barges as far as the Grand Canal at Athy. The Nore, which joins the Barrow two miles above the town, is also navigable for barges as far as Innistiogue. With all these ad- vantages little is done in the way of direct export, the agricultural produce being almost wholly conveyed to Waterford and re-shipped. The trade is, however, improving, and a small steamer plies daily to and from Waterford with goods and passengers. In addition to the improvement in trade, the new lines of road in rogress in almost every direction around the town, will add much to its comfort and prosperity ; and in the course of two years the approaches to Ross from Borris, Enniscorthy, &c. instead of being as they now are, a disgrace to any civilized country, will vie with any in the kingdom. The views of the river, surrounding country and town, as seen from the part of the road which is finished near the latter, are fine. Ross possesses no public buildings or institutions deserving of particular notice, if we except the church and Roman Catholic chapel. The former is rendered NO. XI.— DUBLIN TO ROSS. 49 more conspicuous from its connection with the ruined monastery of St. Saviour’s. The town stands on the verge of the county Wexford, being separated from the county of Kilkenny by the Barrow, across which there is a wooden bridge of six hundred feet in length. On the opposite side is the small town of Rosbercon, which, under proper management, is capable of great improvement. The environs of Ross are beautiful. Above the town about three miles, is Ballyane, O’Ferrall, Esq. ; close to the town, Macmurragh, Charles Tottenham, Esq.; opposite to it the villas of Wood- ville, and Rosemount ; and on the rising grounds over these places are the ruins of Mountgarret Castle. A little below the town, on the banks of the river, is Oatlands, the beautifully situated demesne of Tindall, Esq.; and below it Stokestown, Deane, Esq. At four miles also on the river is Killowan, Cap- tain Glascott, near the hill of Slieve Kielter, a remark- able feature in this neighbourhood, and noted for grey- hound coursing. About a mile from the town, on the road to Wexford, is Talbot Hall, the seat of J. H. Talbot, Esq. M.P.; and about two miles south of it is Carnagh, H. Lambert, Esq. At the confluence of the Barrow and Nore, is Ringwood, Viscount Clifden; and at six miles above Ross, on the banks of the Nore, is Wood- stock, the fine seat of W. F. Tighe, Esq. which, in connection with the beautifully situated and highly improved village of Innistiogue, is well worthy of a visit. The plantations of Woodstock extend for a great distance along the high banks of the Nore, and give a degree of richness to the scenery, which is seldom met with. Immediately opposite to Ross, in the county of Kilkenny, is Annagh, the seat of —— Murphy, Esq. oe ene ———— fee Rmrncmnmuanns > —— 50 No. XII.—DUBLIN TO ROSS. SECOND ROAD, 67 MILES. BY NEWTOWNBARRY. Miles. 48 67 Tuts road, from its hilly nature, is less travelled than the preceding line; yet from its elevation and contiguity to the Mount-Leinster and Black-Stairs chain of mountains along the base of which it runs for nearly the whole distance, and from the various places it leads to, it is far from being devoid of interest. From it you also obtain views of the extensive undulating tillage country on the left ; and several of the more hilly parts of the road will be shortly cut off by a new line of six miles now in progress. There is no public conveyance, nor can a relay of horses be obtained between Newtown- barry and Ross. Mount-Leinster and Black-Stairs are the greatest elevations in the district ; they partake of the softly rounded outlines so common to the Wicklow mountains ; their summits, however, are highly varied ; and their fertile sides present numerous. chasms and deep dells. Five miles from Newtownbarry, is Ballychristal, the seat of James, Esq.; and at six, the small village of Kilteely. This village is situated on the cross- roads leading from Enniscorthy to Borris, by what is inaptly named Scollagh-gap, as it has more the cha- racter of a mountain valley. About two miles from Kilteely, along the Gap road, and not far from the hamlet of Ballyedmund, in a secluded deep dell, im- mediately under the western side of the highest part of Mount Leinster, is the picturesque modern lodge of Henry Newtown, Esq. the proprietor of a considerable portion of the mountain district. Returning to our line of road, one mile from Kilteely, is Woodbrook, the seat of Blacker, Esq.; and at two miles and a half is the hamlet of Killane; opposite Newtownbarry, asin No. III. . Ross. . ay ad é Spf] healt is aa i a ea A a i ak cs NO. XIII.—DUBLIN TO ROSS. on to itis Grange, Richards, Esq. About two miles to the left of Killane, is Ballyhighland, the seat of John Howlin, Esq. near the lead mines lately re-opened. Two miles farther the road passes through Coolbawn, the seat of Francis Bruen, Esq. M.P. where a fine Elizabethan house, has lately been built. The extensive plantations of this demesne connect with those of Castle- boro, the seat of Lord Carew, referred to in the description of the road from Enniscorthy to Ross. Proceeding through anaked country forfour miles, we reach Berkley, the seat of George Berkley Deane, Esq. and soon after- wards the road from Enniscorthy. From Berkley a branch road is in progress, falling into the new line along the Barrow, and thereby avoiding the almost inaccessible entrances on this side of the road to Ross. No. XIJI.—DUBLIN TO ROSS. THIRD ROAD, 682 MILES. BY NAAS, CARLOW, AND BORRIS. Miles. Miles. Rathcoole . . 8 Castledermot one Oe IES. Naas . - 7% | 152 | Carlow . =} Jy Poy Sa asOe | Kilcullen . - 53 | 214} Borris . : oy yh Saeee Noo Ballytore . - 83 1 30 Ross : « .14 | 682 TuE road from Dublin to Naas may be considered as the main stem of the southern roads leading to the principal parts of Leinster, and to nearly all Munster. Proceeding by Kilmainham and Richmond barracks we soon clear the city, and pass through the environs, which in this direction are less defined and improved than those lying more to the south and east. The Dublin mountains at a considerable distance on the left— the rich country through which the road runs—and the vast extent of adorned champaign lands on the left, render the scenery along this road different from that connected with any of the preceding lines. Four miles from the city on the right, is Clondalkin, 54 NO. XIII.—DUBLIN TO ROSS. left, on the road leading from Kilcullen to Dunlavin is Gilltown, Rev. Mr. Borrowes; three miles from Kil- cullen, close to the road, on the left, is Halverstown, the neat and highly improved residence of Peter Purcell, Esq.; and a little farther, on the right, is the old de- mesne of Ballyshannon; and near it, Calverstown, the estate of Robert Borrowes, Esq.—remarkable in this flat tract from the extensive plantations, picturesque and comfortable farm-houses, with various other solid improvements in which the proprietor has been long engaged. Near Ballytore, to the right, on the high grounds rising over the first tract of unreclaimed peat moss to be seen in this route, is the old demesne of Narraghmore, now forming part of the estate of Robert Latouche, Esq. Beyond this demesne are the old forts of Malla Mast. Ballytore inn and a few cottages adjoining are on the road; the village lies a little to the right, in a peaceful, fertile valley, through which the rivulet Griese meanders. A number of Quakers have located here, and carry on several branches of manufacture; we need scarcely add that habits of comfort and order are the concomitants of this humble establishment of the Friends. The celebrated Edmund Burke received the rudiments of his education here; and Mary Leadbetter was a native and resident of the village. Three miles to the left, on the road leading from Ballytore to Dunlavin, are Ballinure, Carroll, Esq. and G'range-Con, Harrington, Esq. romanti- cally situated on the beautifully varied rising grounds which are separated from the still higher lands of Wicklow, by the valley through which the road from Blessinton to Baltinglass runs. The demesne of Rathsallagh is also on the same road and about two miles from the village of Dunlavin, and near this, is the residence of Lady Tynt. Returning to our road, about a mile from Ballytore inn is the hamlet of Timolin, to the right of which is Moon, B. A. Yates, Esq. near which are the ruins of an old monastery.. A mile farther also on the right, NO. XIII.—DUBLIN TO ROSS: oS derable quantity of agricultural produce is disposed of. Naas consists principally of one main street, forming for its wholelength, a part of ourroad. Asregards antiquities, there is little beyond the old church, now incorporated with the modern one, worthy of particular notice. The Moat, at the upper end of the town, is a remarkable object. The spring assizes for the county of Kildare are held here, and in summer at Athy. Naas contains a County Court-house and Jail; there is also an Infantry Barrack adjoining; anda branch of the Grand Canal extends near to the town. About two miles from Naas, on the left, is Killishee, Graydon, Esq. In this small demesne are the fragments of several interesting ruins supposed to be ot great antiquity. Beyond this, also on the left, is Harris- town, the seat of Robert Latouche, Esq. the most exten- sive demesne in this part of the country, which is much beautified by the Liffey flowing through the grounds. On the right the country is flat; but in appearance improved by the plantations connected with the seats noticed under the road to Limerick. Stlliott Hill is passed on the left, before commencing the descent to KILCULLEN, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Liffey, here flowing through the beautiful, deep, winding, valley, and dividing the town into nearly two equal portions. Near the town, and well situated on the river banks is Castlemartin, the seat of W. H. Carter, Esq.; to the left, above the town, are the ruins of New Abbey ; and on the road leading to Ballymore-Eustace, is Sallymount, M. C. Roberts, Esq. with several Villas. Two miles from Kilcullen, pass on the right the ruins of Old Kilcullen. The abbey was founded in the earliest ages of Christianity. The town was fortified—but only one gate now exists. The remains of the round tower and abbey are on the summit of a hill, and form a striking feature for many miles around. On the same side is Ballysaz, Disney, Esq. About a mile to the 56 NO. XIU.—DUBLIN. TO ROSS. CARLOW, the county town, is situated on the Barrow, which is navigable for barges from its junction with the Grand Canal at Athy to Ross, where it becomes an im- portant tide-river. It is a town of considerable extent ; and, from the respectability of its inhabitants, trade, and public buildings, of much importance ; comparatively orderly, clean, free from vagrants, and evidently under the control of an efficient local police. The public build- ings consist of the Court-house, the Lunatic Asylum for the province of Leinster, Church, and Roman Catholic Cathedral. In these modern buildings, a considerable degree of architectural taste has been skilfully and beautifully displayed. The fragments of the old castle and abbey are uninteresting, at least as buildings. Connected withthe Roman Catholic cathedral, isa college for divinity students; there are various dissenting chapels, among them a neat Scots’ church. A considerable trade is carried on in connection with the Grand Canal and Bar- row navigation ; and the corn and butter of this fertile district are generally sent for exportation to Waterford —the butter is considered the best in Ireland; and a great quantity is annually made up; a little isalso done in the manufacture of coarse woollens. The Burrin stream, which runs through the town into the Barrow; adds much to its comfort and cleanliness. The country around is rich and highly improved; and has altogether a much more cheerful aspect than is usually seen in connection with our provincial towns. In its large well cultivated enclosures, hedge-rows, and respectable farm- houses, it will remind the traveller of many parts of England. The soil is fertile, and the surface con- siderably varied; and, generally speaking, admirably calculated for dairy husbandry. The scenery is interesting on the north, where the wide-spreading valley of the Barrow blends with the verdant slopes of Clogrenan hills; towards the south, the more distant scenery, bounded by the mountain ranges of Black- stairs and Brandon, is more imposing ; eastwards, the country is remarkably flat, and stretches beyond Athy, NO. XIII.—-DUBLIN TO ROSS. 59 close to the road, is Belan, the seat of the Earl of Aldborough; and two miles farther, on the same side, but farther off the road is Kinkea CasTLE ;—this castle, built by the fourth earl of Kildare, is now refitted in a comfortable way, and inhabited; on the left, is Dawidstown, the seat of R. Archbold, Esq. CASTLEDERMOT is a small town, watered by the stream called the Lear, which, with the Griese, already noticed, falls into the Barrow a few miles above Carlow. In former days this appears to have been a place of some importance, and the residence of the kings of Munster. Parliaments are also said to have been held here; but little now remains to attest its former greatness. The ruins of the Franciscan Abbey are well worthy of notice; and, perhaps, the fragment of a round tower, and some ancient stone crosses may attract the attention of the antiquarian. Beyond this, the general features of the country gradually change ; on the left it is more open, as the Wicklow mountains recede towards the southern coast ; and on the right, the extensive flat tract which stretches far north and West of Athy, becomes bounded by the slopes of the Clogrenan hills. One mile from Castle- dermot pass Prumplestown on the right, and Barn- hill on the left; at two miles enter the county of Carlow, passing on the left at about a mile from the road, Ducket’s Grove, J. D. Ducket, Esq. ; Russellstown House, W. Ducket, Esq.; Burton Hall, William Burton, Esq. remarkable for the fine old straight avenue to the mansion; and at three miles reach Oak Park, the seat of Colonel Bruen. The handsome modern house and principal part of this fine demesne lie to the right; the extensive and beautiful deer-park to the left—the road running through the grounds. The style and extent of this place justly entitle it to the name it bears, and to rank as a superior country residence. About a mile to the left of the deer-park, is Pollerton, the seat of Sir Charles Burton, Bart.; and Browne's Hill, William Browne, Esq. 58 NO. XIII.—DUBLIN TO ROSS. the Carlow flag is also brought from the neighbouring quarries, and transported in the same way either to Dublin, Waterford, or intermediate points. From Bagnalstown there is a road to Graig by Gore’s- bridge, along the right banks of the river; but as the part from Gore’s-bridge onwards is hilly, we prefer the road to Borris, branching off to Graig, a little beyond that town. Below Bagnalstown, on the Gore’s-bridge road, and close to the river, is Doninga, Thomas Bookey, Esq; and about two miles farther, on the same road, is Bettyfield, Handy, Esq. Our roadnow lies through the estate of Lord Beresford, whose improvements are too evident to be overlooked. They do not consist, however, in what is generally understood by the word improvement, namely, the mere formation and adornment of a country resi- dence; but in the erection of substantial and comfort- able houses for his tenantry, built wholly at his own expense, from approved designs, and in various styles ot architecture ; thus at once increasing the comfort of the farmers, and exciting a taste in neighbouring pro- prietors to this hitherto neglected branch of rural improvement. About a mile and a half beyond Kil- grenay, on the opposite side of the river Barrow, is the small village of Gore’s-bridge ; and adjoining the old castle, is Ballyellan, Walter Blackney, Esq. A little beyond Gore’s-bridge, on the grounds rising from the river, is Mount Loftus, the seat of Sir F. Wm. Loftus, Bart. From its elevated site, it commands fine views of the river and surrounding scenery. From this, there is little to remark till we reach the road, shaded with aged trees, forming the entrance to BORRIS, which was originally an appendage to the adjoining Manor- house; from a hamlet has extended to a small town. It now consists of a single row of houses nearly a mile in length, running parallel to the boundary of Mr. Kavanagh’s demesne. In this extended line, are the Chapel, NO. XIII.— DUBLIN TO ROSS. a7. till it meets the great bogs of Kildare; and through this deep alluvial tract glides the (we wish we could add barge-laden) Barrow, with scarcely a ripple on its surface. Two miles above the town, on the banks of the river, is Knockbeg ; and at three miles to the left, on the road leading from Carlow to Athy, is Schroul, Hearne, Esq. ; and towards the Clogrenan hills, are the villas of Spring field, Hollymount, Cooper-Hill, and Moorefield. As we proceed to Bagnalstown, through a naturally fine, rich, and rural country, which is much adorned and sheltered by hedgerows, and where peace and plenty seem to dwell, we pass on the left, and close on the Burrin stream, Staplestown, H. Waters, Esq.; at two miles, Park; at three, Ballybar, Butler, Esq; and at five, in an almost denuded park, Garryhunden, the former residence of Sir Thomas Butler, Bart. ; and beyond it, on the rising grounds, also on the left, is the old village of Nurney. Onwards we pass Ratheden, and at seven miles from Carlow reach Dunleckney, the seat of W. Newton, Esq.—here the traveller will be pleased with the renovations in the Tudor style of architecture which the old mansion has lately undergone. Connected with the grounds of Dunleckney, are those of Bagnalstown House, J. Newton, Esq. ; the plantations of the latter almost environ the town. BAGNALSTOWN is small, but prettily situated on the Barrow, which we meet here for the first time from Carlow. Its appearance has been much improved of late by the Sessions-house and other buildings promoted by the proprietor, Mr. Bagnell Newton. The former, standing on an elevated site, with its handsome Ionic portico, has a good effect. A number of respectable people reside here ; and a good many hands are employed in the quarrying and dressing of granite for building; this stone, which abounds in the district, being conveyed by the Barrow navigation. Considerable quantities of 60 NO. XIV.—DUBLIN TO WATERFORD. present route, on the banks of the Barrow, and under Mount Brandon. It is of considerable extent; but carries on little business, though close to a navigable river. The lower lands adjoining are rich, and the surface blending with the surrounding hills, agreeably varied. The greater part of the town and adjoining lands are part of the large estates of Lord Clifden, whose agent, Mr. Burtchall, resides in the adjoining villa of Brandondale. From Graig to Innistiogue is five miles ; the road is very hilly, but the mountain scenery is interesting. The road to Ross proceeds by the side of Brandon, and commands a fine view of the river and opposite country; it passes the Village and Church of Roar, and the seat of Mr. Foote, and crosses the Barrow at Mountgarret bridge. Returning to our road, which keeps the left banks of the river, at seven miles from Borris, pass the hamlet ruins, and church of St. Mullins, romantically situated over the Barrow ; at nine enter the county of Wexford, near Poolmonty bridge ; and passing Ballyane, already : noticed, reach the point where the Enniscorthy and Newtownbarry lines meet, and thence proceed to Ross. No. XIV.—_DUBLIN TO WATERFORD. BY NAAS, CARLOW, AND THOMASTOWN, ‘77 MILES. WITH BRANCH TO ROSS. Miies. Miles. Carlow, asin No. XIII. . 403 | Waterford . . . 17|77 Leighlinbridge . « . SE | 463 BRANCH TO ROSS. Royal Oak .- . «2 .| 48%). Thomastown... 60 Gowran sob ed, . 8°) 58h 4 Ross P20 Reg ees CAM Ee) Thomastown . .. .6%'60 ! s regards rich scenery, the drive from Carlow to Leighlin-bridge is quite unequalled in this route. The road lies along the left bank of the Barrow, and the NO XIII.—DUBLIN TO ROSS. 59 National Schools (both neat buildings), and several handsome Cottages, the residences of the clergyman, surgeon, land agent, schoolmaster, &c.; opposite is a broad walk, shaded with venerable oaks, for the accom- modation of the inhabitants. From the peculiar situ- ation and outline of this small town, and the number of old and well preserved trees around, it has a remarkably pleasing and rural character. The demesne, as already noticed, is the residence of Thomas Kavanagh, Esq. M.P. who is the proprietor of the greater part of the surrounding district. The mansion, a fine building, is a modification of the old English style; the park is exten- sive, well wooded, and watered by the Borris river running through it to join the Barrow, which flows along its western boundary ; the mountain scenery, from various parts of the grounds, is sublime. Near Borris, on the left of the road, leading to Scollagh Gap, is Kilcaldrum.* Having passed the plantations of Borris, the road lies through a dreary and poor tract of land, bounded on the left by the lofty range of Mounr-LernsTer and BLAcK- STairs, and on the right by Mount Branpon and its connecting hills ; along the base of the latter flows the Barrow, here much increased in volume from the addition of the tide water. Though the soil in this tract is poor, and the surface bleak, the scenery is un- commonly grand. About two miles from Borris is the branch road to Graig. The town lies about a mile to the right of our * From Tullow, as in No. III. there is a road to Borris which is seldom travelled. It is fourteen miles by the present road ; but bya line lately surveyed only twelve; this will be the shortest line from Dublin. The present line from Tullow leaves Castlemore, James Eustace, Esq.: Hardy Mount, J. H. Eustace, Esq. ; and Moyle, Bunbury, Esq. on the right. At four miles Kilnock ; at six, on the right, Janeville; and Lumcloon, T. H. Watson, Esq. ; the latter is near the village of Fenagh, through which the roadruns. To the left, near the village of Myshall, is Clonburrin, Mr. Dillon, and Myshall Lodge, Mr. Cornwall. From this to Borris the country is very uninteresting. 62 NO. XIV.—DUBLIN TO WATERFORD. adjoins the ruins of what was once a fine abbey, and there are also the ruins of an old castle built by James the Third, Earl of Ormonde, in the improving demesne of Gowran, the seat of The Viscount Clifden, which is close to the town. Proceeding through a rich tillage country, considerably varied on the left by the hills connected with Mount Brandon, at three miles from Gowran we reach the hamlet of Dungarvan; to the right of which is Castlefield, and the ruins of Tullo abbey and Round tower. About two miles from Dun- garvan, on the right, are Summer-hill, Davis, Esq. ; on the left, Kilfane, the seat of J. Power, Esq. ; adjoining which is Ailmurry, the seat of Lord Chief Justice Bushe, and at four miles THOMASTOWN,* situated on the river Nore, the banks of which, for several miles above and below are very interesting. The town takes its name from Thomas Fitz Anthony, a baron of Henry II. who built a castle here ; it contains the ruins of an old monastery, to which is attached the parish church. Near the town, on the banks of the Nore, is Jerpoint, the residence of W. H. Hunt, Esq., and above it Mount Juliet, the beautiful seat of the Earl of Carrick, opposite which is Vorlands, W. Bayley, Esq. About two miles from the latter, on the road from Kilkenny to Waterford, is Flood-hall, the handsome residence of J. Flood, Esq. Four miles below Tho- mastown, also on the banks of the Nore, is Wood- _stock, the beautiful seat of W. F. Tighe, Esq. ad- joining the delightfully situated village of INNIsTIOGUE. This village is highly attractive from the neatness of the cottages; the broad river Nore (here in- fluenced by the tide), with its bold and wooded * Branch TO Ross.—The road to Ross keeps along the right bank of the Nore as far as Innistiogue, where it crosses the river by a handsome bridge, and keeps the opposite side. It passes the confluence of the Nore and Barrow at Ringwood, the seat of Lord Clifden ; and crosses the Barrow at Mountgarret bridge.—The scenery along the valley is highly varied and beautiful. NO. XIV.——DUBLIN TO WATERFORD. 61 Clogrenan hills bounding the wide-spreading rich valley follow a parallel course. These hills, rising gradually from the low, level lands, with their sloping sides culti- vated to the very summit, form the commencement of the Comer mountains, which run from this—the valley of the Barrow—to the Nore, and contain in their bosoms the great central coal district of the country. Two miles from Carlow, pass the villa of Belmont on the right; and on the rising grounds beyond the river, Clogrenan, the fine seat of J. S. Rochfort, Esq. ;—the plantations of this place form a striking feature for many miles along the road. A little beyond Clogrenan, and not less remarkable in its way, is Mil/ford, the extensive flour mills and corresponding improvements of Mr. Alexander, and at six miles from Carlow reach the small town of LEIGHLIN-BRIDGE, also situated on the Barrow; the principal street is regularly built; there are several extensive mills and corn stores in the neighbourhood ; and the market for corn and butter is improving. In addition to a parish Church, Chapel, and small Carmelite Friary, there are also the remains of an old Castle. In the neighbour- hood, is Stewart Lodge, W. R. Stewart, Esq. and several neat villas. Two miles west from Leighlin-bridge, at the foot of the Clogrenan hills, is Old Leighlin, formerly a diocesan site, the See being long incorporated with Ferns. The ruins of a small Cathedral, an humble parish Church, the Cottage of N. A. Vigors, Esq. and a few cabins, now compose the solitary village. Two miles from Leighlin-bridge, on our road, is the village calledthe Royal Oak; close to it Malcolmville, Captain Mulhallan; one mile from which we enter the county of Kilkenny, close to Shanakill, the seat of Aldward, Esq. Here our road leaves the Kilkenny line, and turning quickly to the left, at three miles we reach the small town of GOWRAN, situated on a rivulet which falls into the Barrow, at about three miles below, near Gore’s-bridge. The church * ' 64 NO. XIV.—DUBLIN TO WATERFORD. long and gradual. descent from Mullinavat, there are several views of the Suir to be obtained; but on clearing Mullinabro plantations, a fine reach, includ- ing the old castle of Granny, bursts upon the eye. Keeping along the left bank of the river, and under the high slaty rock, which. has been cleared to make room for the road-way, we reach the wooden bridge, and enter the county and city of . WATERFORD, situate on the eastern extremity of the county, and on the right bank of the Suir, with the exception of the small suburb on the opposite side of the river. The principal streets are the Quay, the Mall, and several others adjoining ; in the older parts of the town, many of them are narrow and confined, and chiefly inhabited by a very poor population. The public buildings are, the Town Hall, Chamber of Commerce, County and City Prisons and Court-houses, a Penitentiary, a District Lunatic Asylum (a large modern building about a mile from the city), the Protestant Cathedral, and the Dio- cesan house for the united Sees of Waterford and Cashel, three parish Churches, the Roman Catholic Cathedral, and four parish Chapels; with Meeting- houses for Presbyterians, Methodists, Independents, and Quakers; the latter are the principal merchants in the city. There are numerous hospitals and schools supported by subscription and bequests—among the latter are the Blue-coat Institutions for the maintenance and education of Protestant children. There are also Infantry and Artillery barracks. WatTERFORD is of considerable antiquity, as the ancient stronghold called Reginaxp’s Tower, an un- doubted remain of Danish architecture, testifies. In a tablet recently affixed over the entrance, it is said to have been erected in 1003, by Reginald, the Dane ;— in 1171, it was held as a fortress by Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke—in 1463, by statute 3d of Edwd. IV. & mint was established here—in 1819, it was re-built, NO. XIV.—DUBLIN TO WATERFORD. 63 banks, and the extensive improvements of the demesne. Above this, is Firgrove, and near Thomastown are Grenan, Dangan, and several other Villas. The scenery from Innistiogue down the river we have noticed in our description of the environs of Ross. Proceeding to Waterford, at one mile from Thomas- town, close to the road, on the left, are the interesting ruins of JERPorInt ABBEY, founded by O’Donoghue, king of Ossory, in 1180; and at four miles, leaving the village of Knocktopher, and adjoining demesne of Sir Robert Langrishe, Bart. about a mile to the right, reach the village of Ballyhale. From this, the appearance and nature of the country gradually change; the soil is inferior, and assumes a moorland aspect; with here and there a mixture of irregular tillage. The views are somewhat bounded by the low hills on either side, which follow the road in a parallel direction. About three miles from Ballyhale is the stage of Dukeswell, marked by a few straggling cabins; and at five, the village of Mullinavat. From this, the country becomes more open, and distant views are obtained of the high lands of Waterford and Tipperary; the country, however, immediately connected with the road, is bleak, and with the exception of Tory-hill on the left, and a mountain stream on the right, which accom- panies the road for the next four miles, presents few objects of interest. Tory Hix1, from its conical out- line, rising above the surrounding high grounds, forms a distinguishing feature in the topography of the district, and a guiding point in sailing along the coast. As we proceed, on the right, the valley of the Suir, with its well-defined and hilly boundaries, gradually expands, and on the left, the fertile waving country stretching towards Ross. Within two miles of Waterford, on the right, near where the stream above referred to, falls into the Suir, are the limestone quarries which supply this part of the country with that material for building and also for agricultural purposes. Beyond _ this, is Mullinabro, the seat of J. H. Jones, Esq. In the 66 NO. XV.—DUBLIN TO DUNMORE AND PASSAGE. of Waterford are bleak and uninteresting ; the land of an inferior quality, badly cultivated, and held by poor, unskilful tenants. There appear to be fewer farmers of skill and capital in this neighbourhood than around any other town in the kingdom. To notice all the various Villas along the river banks and other places in the vicinity of the town would exceed our limits; the more remarkable in the county of Kilkenny, are Belmont, H. W. Barron, Esq. M.P.; New Park, Sir. John Newport, Bart.; Bellevue, Power, Esq.; Snowhill, N. O. Power, Esq. and Ballinakill. In the county of Waterford are, May Park, George Meara, Esq. ; Little Island, (containing about 180 acres) Purcell, Esq.; Fazthleg, Nicholas Power, Esq.; Gran- stown, and Williamstown. No. XV.—DUBLIN TO DUNMORE EAST, AND TO PASSAGE EAST. TO DUNMORE EAST. pyies. | TO PASSAGE EAST. Miles, Waterford, as in No.XIV. | 77 || Waterford . Y Dia Dunmore East. 5° «°° 9 | 86 Passage East. « . 52 | 892 mit i Dunmore East, though a small marine village, is now a place of some importance from the extensive asylum harbour lately built by government ; it is also the station for the post-office steam-packets to and from Milford, and the pilot vessels for Waterford harbour. All the English letters for the south of Ireland come by this station, and are forwarded directly from Waterford by regular mail-coaches to Cork and Limerick. Dunmore is perhaps better calculated for a watering place than any other locality of the same character on the whole circuit of the Irish coast. The village is in a sheltered bay, divided by various boldly projecting headlands, which are again broken into numerous recesses, coves, impending cliffs, and deep caverns, by the ceaseless NO. XIV.—DUBLIN TO WATERFORD. 65 in its original form, and appropriated to the city police establishment. Having been the place at which Henry II. Janded, when he came to take possession of his new conquest, Waterford was early distinguished by marks of royal favour ; and insubsequent reigns received various charters and immunities ; it is now, however, more inte- resting to the generality of travellers as a large and im- proving commercial town, than from the history of its ancient charters and antiquities. The value of its an- nual export exceeds two millions; these form its principal trade, as the imports are comparatively small ; and very little manufacture of any kind is carried on. Situated on the Suir, which is navigable up to the town for vessels of 800 tons burthen, and beyond it to Carrick for barges, it is well calculated to carry on an extensive trade ;* the Suir joins the Barrow at Cheekpoint, about four miles below the town. The view of this city and suburbs from the high grounds opposite is very imposing ; and from the wooden bridge, which is 832 feet long, and forty feet broad, when the tide is full, the views both above and below are extremely striking. The breadth of the river is here 900 feet, and even at lowest ebb tide, the depth is nearly forty feet; and looking down this noble river, widening in some places to nearly a quarter of a mile, the quay, extending a mile in length, on one side, and the cultivated yet picturesquely broken banks, adorned with numerous plantations and_ villas opposite to it, offer a contrast that is rarely to be met with. Above the bridge, the quay has also been built, for a considerable distance along the base of the hills, which rise boldly from the water’s edge, and the ample river is seen winding between the softly rounded head- lands. The quay in itself is one of the finest any where to be seen. _ With the exception of the river banks, the environs * A bill has lately passed Parliament to improve the Suir from Waterford to Carrick, which is calculated to be of great advantag to both towns. ’ : # 68 NO. XVI.—DUBLIN TO TRAMORE. a lofty and precipitous hill, which overlooks the town ; and on the summit of this hill, like a watch-tower com- municating with Duncannon Fort on the opposite side of the river, is the small parish church. The river here is capable of affording shelter and anchorage to any number of vessels, and ships of large burthen can with ease unload at the quay. The sail up the river from Dunmore to Waterford affords highly varied scenery. Near Passage are the barracks of Mew Geneva, so called from an attempt made by government in 1785, to locate a colony of Genevese, who had been forced to leave their native country; but after spending fifty thousand pounds, the scheme being found impracticable, was abandoned. A military barrack was afterwards erected here—that also is given up, and the building is now occupied as a farming village. No. XVI—DUBLIN TO TRAMORE. ; 83 MILES. Miles. Waterford, asin No. XIV. | 77 Tramore .« «ses 6 | 83 TRAMORE is to the citizens of Waterford what Kings- town is to those of Dublin. A level road has been lately made to it, shortening the distance and avoiding the hills on the old line. The country in connection with the road, in common with the district for a considerable distance along the coast, generally consists of a mixture of inferior bottom, and dry, fertile, craggy upland. Proceeding by the Dungarvan road for a short distance, and crossing the small stream called St. John’s river, which runs through the town of Water- ford, at three miles pass on the left, Ballinamona, Thomas Carew, Esq.; distinguished by a small rude tower on the high grounds; and Kilmarnock, James Esmonde, Esq.; with several smaller villas onwards, and lying on either side of the road. The bay of ~ NO. XV.— DUBLIN TO DUNMORE AND PASSAGE. 67 action of the heavy swelling waves against the permeable alternations of conglomerate and sandstone, which compose this bold and picturesque coast. ‘These caves, from their nature, are as secluded as anything out of doors can well be; but, were a little pains bestowed, they might be rendered perfectly private; and as the strand is good and but a slight recedure of the tide, bathing can be enjoyed at all times. For the present means of accommodation this place is much frequented. The lovers of marine scenery will be glad to learn that the Marquess of Waterford, the principal proprietor, has commenced a regular plan of improvements, by building, in the first place, a comfortable hotel; and it is to be hoped that the Earl of Fortescue, who owns a considerable portion of this delightful coast, will also co-operate in this praiseworthy undertaking. In the road from Waterford to Dunmore, the country, for the first two miles, is agreeably relieved with nu- merous suburban villas on either side of the road: beyond that, it is rather bleak, but the surface is varied with alternate patches of good and bad tillage, pasture, and marsh. About three miles from Dunmore, and close to the road, on. the right, is Bellake, the villa of W. Morris, Esq. Woodstown bay is about six miles from Waterford, and midway between Dunmore and Passage.—Here is Woodstown, the handsome marine villa of Lord Carew, and Ballyglan, the seat of Sir Joshua Paul, Bart. ; Harbour View, Shapland Carew Morris, Esq. ; with seve- ral handsome villas adjoining. In the projecting headland which separates Woodstown from Credan, there are several caves of considerable dimensions which branch into various chambers of great symmetry and beauty. PassacE East is five and a half miles from Water- ford ; its relative position has already been noticed in our description of the village of Ballyhack, page 46. Like Woodstown bay it is approached by a branch of the Dunmore road. It is romantically situated on a narrow neck of land between the river and ——————————————— —— 70 NO. XVII.—DUBLIN TO CARRICK-ON-SUIR. bank of the Back Srranp, is Summerville, the mariné lodge of the Earl Fortescue. There are a number of hamlets along the wild and inhospitable coast from Dunmore to Dungarvan—in- deed along the whole southern coast—whose inhabitants eke out a precarious subsistence between farming and fishing. Three miles west from Tramore, along the coast, is the small hamlet of Annstown, near the ruins of the Castie or Down-Istz. There are no good roads directly along the shore. No. XVII—DUBLIN TO CARRICK-ON-SUIR, BY THOMASTOWN, KNOCKTOPHER, AND KILMAGANY. FIRST ROAD, 76 MILES. WITH BRANCH TO PILTOWN. Miles. BRANCH TO PILTOWN. Miles. Thomastown, asin No, XIV. 1/60 Aughavillar. . . . 63/662 ppemastown § = Kilmagany . 9 . . . 22 |69 Aughavillar . . . 63 | 663 Carrick-on-Suir : ah eh LO IPUtOWNS ej rca : 9 | 753 KiiMaGany is the junction point of the principal roads leading from Dublin to Carrick-on-Suir; it is necessa- rily so, from its situation at the entrance of the pass crossing the low chain of hills, which may be said to commence at Graig, near the Barrow, and terminate with the lofty Stizve-NA-MANN, near Fethard. As re- gards the district of country through which our present toad lies, the above hills separate the vast flat tract of good tillage land stretching northwards to the town of Kilkenny, from the rich valley of the Suir. From Thomastown, we continue the Waterford road to the branch leading to Knocktopher (noticed in page 62); passing that village we soon reach the hamlet'of Newmarket, and proceeding by the new line to Kilmagany, at a short distance pass, on the left, the crumbling ruins of . .. 10{ 682 * Bennett’s-bridge. . . . 5| 582 | Carrick-on-Suir . . 7! 753 From Gowran you travel through a good tillage country, and at five miles cross the river Nore at BENNETT’S-BRIDGE, adjoining which is a considerable village of the same name. Two miles above the bridge, on the road leading from this to Kilkenny, is Sheastown. Proceeding we pass Maiden Hall ; Annamult, Thomas Neville, Esq.; Dane’s-Fort, H. Wemyss, Esq. ; and at three miles from Bennett’s-bridge cross the King’s river, which joins the Nore under Mount Juliet, the seat of the Earl of Carrick, already noticed. At the bridge is the village of Stoneyford. A little beyond this, to the left, and on the road leading from Kilkenny to Waterford, is Flood Hall, the handsome seat of John Flood, Esq.; and to the right, on the banks of the King’s river, is the village of Kells; near which are NO. XVII.—DUBLIN TO CARRICK-ON-SUIR. 73 the landed proprietary, and to prove how much can be accomplished by using the proper means, in cottage economy. Above the town, about two miles, and close on the banks of the Suir, on the county of Waterford side of the river, is Coolnamuck, the seat of C. W%« Wall, Esq. remarkable for the quantity of natural forest, and particularly the indigenous pine (pinus syl- vestris.) The latter grows naturally to a great extent, attains a good size, and from the quality of the timber, is eagerly purchased. In the demesne are the ruins of an old castle, said to have been built by Giraldus Wall, whose tomb is shewn in the Franciscan monastery at Carrick, which adds to the interest of this fine old de- mesne. At CuurcHTowN, a little above Coolnamuck, is a small woollen factory; and behind it, the extensive natural woods of Landscape: these, with the woods of Coolnamuck, add much to the beauty of the river scenery in this part of the country. Four miles south of the town, on fhe road leading to Dungarvan, is Curraghmore, the seat. of the Marquess of Waterford, the largest, and perhaps the finest of our country residences. The beauty of the demesne consists in its vast forests, extensive and highly varied park, beautiful valleys, and lofty hills. In these respects it is not inferior to any of the first places in the United Kingdom. The house is plain, and the offices attached form a handsome court, through which the entrance front is approached. The soil of the demesne is infe- rior, but well suited to the formation of park and forest scenery—the leading characteristics of the place. The greater part of the timber is indigenous to the soil; and in the park are many venerable oaks, and some fine Scotch pines. Every part is kept in good order; every one employed (and there are many) rendered comfortable; and this liberal system of management prevails over all the large estates of this family. The Cloddagh, a beautiful mountain stream, runs through the park, and, on emerging from the woody boundaries, its accumulated waters serve to propel the machinery of the factory of Portlaw. 76 NO. XIX.—DUBLIN TO CARRICK-ON-SUIR. The city contains several good streets, which are most respectably inhabited, both by private families and tradesmen ; but the suburbs are truly miserable. The , ¢,/ ,Most conspicugus ornament of the city is the fine _ ¥® fexg@sbaronial castle’ of the Marquess of Ormond, full of 4,4)£ -historical associations, rising boldly over the Nore. It was built by Strongbow, in the twelfth century, and two centuries afterwards, came into the hands of the Ormond family, with whom it has ever since remained. Little of the old castle now exists; but the Marquess is rebuilding it in a style worthy of its character. The Cathedral of St. Canice, built in 1202, is not to be excelled by any of the ancient ce z“ astical buildings in the kingdom, except Patrick’s and Sigh Christ’s church in Dublin. It is built on an eminence, rs and the platform on which it stands is entered by a flight of steps; and to the west is a handsome terrace walk, with trees, from whence an extensive view of the | surrounding country is obtained. The Diocesan house i eo Se ae > xe —_-—--—_ - — —- i of the bishop of Ossory, is connected with the cathedral, i; as also the very remarkable Round tower. There are i also two other Protestant churches, Mary’s and John’s ; H the latter is built on the ruins of an old abbey. The other ruins, are the convent of St. Francis and the Dominican, or Black Abbey. There are four Roman Catholic parish chapels, and one or two small meeting- houses for Dissenters. The college, which stands opposite to the castle, but on the other side of the river, is a prettily situated building; it boasts of having educated, among many other celebrated men, Swift and Berkeley. There are various schools and asylums endowed and supported by subscription. The tholsel, market-house, city and county jails and court-houses, are well arranged, but possess nothing remarkable in their exterior architecture. There is also a small infantry barrack. The marble quarries for which this place is proverbial, are within a mile of the town ; the marble, when polished, has a beautiful black ground, curiously variegated with madrepore, bivalves, and NO. XIX.—DUBLIN TO CARRICK-ON-SUIR. rps, the extensive and beautifully situated ruins of a Priory founded in the reign of Richard I.; and about a mile from the village, is the ancient round tower of Kilrea. The road now passes Chapel Izod, the seat of William Izod, Esq. ; on the right, Ballytoban, Baker, Esq. ; in the extensive marsh to the left, the ruins of Cluan Castle, and reaches the village of Kilmagany. No. XIX.—_DUBLIN TO CARRICK-ON-SUIR. THIRD ROAD, 77 MILES. BY KILKENNY AND KILMAGANY. Miles. Royal Oak, as in No. XIV. 482 Kilkennys'., «i: dou Wc tis isk Morel ea Kilmaginy, 9-1 i+ 7s.) sls) tee an etree ene Carrickzon-Soire” 5 tow [onsets oes Covet ti Leavine Royal Oak, and passing on the right, Shana- kill, and on the left, Mount Roth, there is little to merit particular attention, except the fertile country travelled through, till we reach, on the right, Lyrath, the seat of Sir J. W. D. Cuffe, Bart. ; two miles beyond which, is the ancient city of KILKENNY, situated on the Nore, which separates the portions locally known as the Canice, or Irishtown, and Kilkenny or Englishtown ; the former being on the right, the latter on the left bank of the river ; these distinctions are all but obsolete. This town was formerly of great consequence, as its ancient castle, the ruins of its embattled walls, and churches testify. Till lately it carried on a considerable trade in the manufacture of woollen cloths and blankets; but these branches have, in a great degree, fallen off; and the business is now confined to the retail of necessaries for its inhabitants, and the sale of the agricultural produce of the district. 78 NO. XX.—DUBLIN TO CORK. the other lines, Cork is introduced as an ultimate point, in order to describe the country, and notice the inter- mediate towns, many of which are very important. The country from Kilkenny towards the base of SLIEVE-NA-MANN, is flat, rich, and tolerably well culti- vated. We skirt the eastern slopes of that conspicuous mountain, and wind through the pretty ravine called Glenbower, at the termination of which, we open on the magnificent vale of the Suir. Leaving Kilkenny, we pass the Roman Catholic college, now in progress, and for the first two miles, various villas on either side of the road. At four miles, on the left, near the ruins of Burnchurch, is Farmly, the seat of R. Flood, Esq.; at five, on the right, Desart, the fine seat of the Earl of Desart ; and at eight, on the small stream called the King’s river, the town of CALLAN, containing little to interest the traveller. We are glad to hear that this town and neighbourhood is likely to undergo considerable alterations and improvements, under the di- rection of the guardians of Viscount Clifden—so far as the existing leases under the noble proprietor will admit. The fact of the proprietors in fee having often, as here, little or no control over their estates, is too often lost sight of by those who, like the late Mr. Inglis and others, make rapid tours through the country. This was a place of con- siderable importance in former days, as the castle and abbey ruins testify. The present parish church and its adjacent ruins formed part of an Augustinian abbey; and the ruins of the Friary on the banks of the King’s river, are interesting. Near the latter are the handsome modern Augustinian chapel and monastery. The parish chapel is at the upper end of the town, and from its eleva- tion forms a conspicuous feature for many miles around. Adjoining Callan is Westcourt, the seat of the Rev. C.B. Stephenson. To the north of the town is Harley Park, the seat of James P. Poe, Esq.; and within a few miles of this place in the bleak country which lies around the base of the hills, are several extensive plantations belonging to the Earl of Desart and Vis- count Clifden. At three miles from Callan we pass, on the left, Garryricken, an old seat of the Butler NO. XX.—-DUBLIN TO CORK. Gi other organic impressions, and is very extensively used for chimney-pieces, &c. The well-known Kilkenny coal district is distant about nine miles from the town; its peculiar qualities are, not to flame or emit smoke; its sul- phureous exhalations, however, render it unpleasant for domestic use; still it is extensively used among the peasantry throughout those parts of the country where other fuel is scarce. The appearance of the town from the higher bridge is interesting ; it appears finely broken and intermingled with the trees, towers and steeples of the various build- ings we have briefly enumerated. From the lower bridge, the fine castle of the Marquess of Ormonde, with its massive towers and embattled walls rising proudly over the Nore, has a very imposing effect ; but unfortunately the grounds connected with it are, from the nature of the place, very limited. The public promenade along the river, and under the castle walls, is beautiful ; indeed the banks of the Nore, from Kilkenny till it joins the Barrow, near Ross, are very attractive. Except along theNore, the environs of Kilkenny are uninteresting. Although there are but few residences immediately around the town, the soil, generally speaking, is rich. There are few striking objects to remark on the road to Kilmagany till we reach Kells, about a mile to the right of which, on the King’s river, is the demesne of Newtown, Butler, Esq.; and passing Chapel Izod, already noticed, we join, at nine miles from Kilkenny, the road No. XVIII, and proceed to Kilmagany. No. XX.—DUBLIN TO CORK: FIRST ROAD, 126 MILES, BY KILKENNY, CLONMEL, AND FERMOY. Miles. Miles. Kilkenny, asin No, XIX. | 58 |) Fermoy . - 23 /1085 Callan , . . . 8 | 66 || Rathcormack 82 j112 Nine-mile-house . - 6 | 72 || Watergrass-hill 42 |1163 Clonmel - « ll | 83 || Glanmire - 22 {119 Clogheens yi. i) 27 112 I o4eiGorice) oa we 5 7h ea Kilworth . . 12 {1063 } Tus is the great business line from Dublin to Cork, and the road almost uniformly adopted. To the traveller, it is the most direct, agreeable, and convenient. In * 80 NO. XX.——DUBLIN TO CORK. form its environs, give it the appearance of extent, wealth and comfort; and by ascending the rising grounds, on the south side of the river, an extensive and delightful view of the town and surrounding country is easily obtained. Mr. Inglis states that the environs of Clonmel are extremely pretty. The slopes of the hills which form the right bank of the Suir, and which, opposite to Clonmel, are of considerable magnitude, are all cultivated almost to the summit, re- minding the traveller in some places of the slopes of the Pyrenees, in the neighbourhood of Bagnires. From an elevation called Fairyhill, situated on the right bank of the river, about half a mile below the town, a magnificent view over the valley of the Suir is laid open—not surpassed in richness and variety by any of the celebrated vales in England or Wales. CLONMEL Carries on a very extensive provision and milling trade ;—there are also extensive distilleries, breweries, and a branch of the calico manufacture. ‘This town is also head-quarters for Mr. Bianconi’s ex- tensive car establishment. These, together with several other minor branches of trade, and numerous retail shops for general merchandise, give to this place more the air and bustle of business than any other town in the south of Ireland. The more remarkable public buildings are, the court- house, the district lunatic asylum, the house of industry, the county jail, the venerable church of St. Mary’s, with its large enclosure and shaded walk, two large Roman Catholic chapels, with several meeting-houses for Quakers, Methodists, Presbyterians, &c. There is also a respectable endowed school, commodious infantry and artillery barracks. The celebrated Laurence Sterne was born in this town in November, 1713. The seats around Clonmel are numerous. West of the town are the villas of Haywood, Ryall, Esq. ; Gilenconner, Bagwell, Esq.; and Summerville, W. H. Bradshaw, Esq. Two miles from the town, on the Cahir road, is Barn, the handsome residence of NO. XX.— DUBLIN TO CORK. 79 family, and a little farther commence the ascent of the high grounds which lie between us and the valley of the Suir. In ascending, a view of the champaigne tract containing the richest portion of the county of Kilkenny, is obtained, the particulars of which we have noticed in the two preceding lines. Six miles from Callan, leading to Carrick-on-Suir, is the small posting establish- ment, known as the Nine-mile-house. From this the road winds through the pass which skirts the base of Slieve- na-mann; and on clearing the mountains, the rich and beautiful valley of the Suir opens to view. This valley, by far the richest and most important in the kingdom, contains the towns of Clonmel, Carrick, and Cahir, besides several large villages. It is about thirty miles in length, extending from the city of Waterford to the small town of Ardfinan, in the county of Tip- perary ; and is bounded on the south by the Muna- voulagh mountains, and the lower ranges of hills which (under a variety of vague local names) serve to blend and connect these mountains with the low grounds ; and on the north, but in a less defined form, by Slieve- na-mann and a portion of the Galtees, aided, as on the opposite side, by the numerous hills stretching from their bases. The river Suir meanders softly through the rich valley, and is navigable up to Carrick for lighters of considerable burthen, being as far as the tide rises. In descending the hill, a considerable por- tion of the scenery we have generalized is seen. On the opposite banks of the Suir are the extensive woods of Gurteen, Power, Esq., where a splendid mansion was commenced some years ago, but left un- finished ; and on the right, Newtown, the seat of the Osborne family, within two miles of CLONMEL, the chief town of the county of Tipperary, and one of the most important and thriving in the interior of the kingdom, situated on the Suir. The extensive stores, mills, public buildings, villas, plantations, &c. which 82 NO. XX—DUBLIN TO CORK. Ardfinan, close to which, on a precipice overhanging the Suir, and commanding a full view of one of the sweeps which the river makes in its progress from Cahir to» Clonmel, are the remarkable ruins of ARDFINAN Cast ex, built by King John in 1184, and destroyed by Cromwell. The ruined abbey beyond the castle, is said to have been founded by St. Finian, in 700. Beyond this, the scenery and surface gradually change, and although that portion of couatry to which our view is now confined, cannot be called a valley, it partakes of that character, being bounded on the left by the KNoOcCKMELDOWN and KitwortH mountains, and no the right by the Gaurexrs. The surface is beautiful, and the soil remarkably rich and capable of producing the finest wheat crops. The whole of this district, that is, from Ardfinan to near Ballyporeen, is uncom- monly fine, and the scenery, as formed by the parallel mountain ranges, already noted, very imposing. The Tar, a stream which falls into the Suir, a little below Ardfinan, runs through this beautiful and rich tract of land: its course is to the left of the road. There are various comfortable villas and farm-houses scattered through this district; and near Clogheen are the ex- tensive flour-mills and establishments of the Messrs. Grubb. CLOGHEEN is a small and orderly town, in which a considerable corn trade is carried on; there is a barrack here for two troops of horse. From the town there is a well-constructed road across the Knockmeldown mountains to Lismore and Cappo- quin ; by the latter you pass the Trappist establishment, - lately formed here, and noticed more fully in the road from Dublin to Tallow. From the elevated ground which this very interesting road traverses in ascending to the bleak moorland tract lying beyond the conical summit of Knockmeldown, you have a good view of the country around Clogheen and of the Galtees, the most imposing of the mountain ranges in this district. From Clogheen, the recently discovered and highly interesting NO, XX.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 81 Stephen Moore, Esq.; and at four, Wouodroofe, the extensively wooded demesne of William Perry, Esq. On the road leading from the town to Thurles, is Rathronan House, the seat of Sir Hugh Gough, Bart. and Darling Hill, the seat of Baron Pennefather. Below the town, on the right banks of the river, near Gurteen, already noticed, is Tickencore, the site of a former seat of the Osborne family; and Glen Patrick an in- teresting ravine, extending a considerable way across the hills. The extensive natural woods, deep ravines, and castles, wearing the indubitable marks of times long past, render this bank of the river very attractive. Clonmel is also a good point, from whence the various beautiful glens and lakes throughout the Munavoulagh, Cummeragh, and Knockmeldown mountains may be ex- plored. From Clonmel our road lies along the Suir, and through a portion of Marlfield, the seat of John Bagwell, Esq. the principal proprietor of the town. The boldly rising hills, and long reaches of the river banks, covered with the plantations connected with this demesne, contribute much to the general scenery around the town, as well as to the beauty of the road. The mansion is on the lett bank of the river, and commands a full view of the boldly planted grounds we have just noticed. About three miles from Clonmel, is Knocklofty, the | seat of Earl Donoughmore. The house, a plain low } structure, stands on an extensive naturally formed and | at beautifully planted terrace, on the left bank of the Suir, | #7") and enjoys the prospect of the opposite highly adorned rising grounds. The demesne is extensive, and contains | some of the finest old lime, elm, and ash trees in this part .of the country. Opposite to Knocklofty, on the right bank of the Suir, is Kilmanahan Castle, the seat ot Nuttall Greene, Esq. This castellated mansion is. delightfully situated, and forms a fine feature from many parts of the beautiful public road which runs through the park of Knocklofty towards Annamult. Three miles from Knocklofty, is the small town of G 84 NO. XX.—DUBLIN TO CORK. side by the Funcuron, noted for its excellent salmon and trout, and on the other by the Arriauan. Both these rivers fall into the Blackwater below the town. In the demesne, and to the left of the road, are the pic- turesque ruins of CLoucHLEAGH CASTLE, situated on the banks of the Funcheon. About four miles to the left, is the vale of Arriglan, where iron works were formerly carried on. About the same distance to the right, on the banks of the Funcheon, is the village of Glanworth, where there are the ruins of an extensive castle; and about a mile from the village, the curious sepulchral monument of Lapacatiy, or the Hac’s Heap. Returning to our read, and crossing the Fun- cheon, we pass over the rich tract of land lying between Kilworth and FERMOY, beautifully situated on the Blackwater, the finest of our rivers, which divides the town into two unequal parts, the larger of which is on its southern banks, where the principal business is carried on. On the northern side are the extensive Barracks, forming two distinct squares, and together capable of containing 3,000 men. A market is held weekly, and a great deal of business is done in the corn and flour trade. A handsome Church was built in 1802, and there are also a spacious Chapel, endowed School, and a Court-house. Fermoy stands on a small plain, extending a little way on either side of the river, and from this the banks rise to a very considerable height. The principal part of the town occupies the lower grounds ; the sides and summits of the hills are covered and diversified with Villas and Plantations. The barracks crown the heights on the left bank of the river, and from their elevation and magnitude, form a remarkable feature for many miles around. From the bridge all these objects are seen to advantage, as also the fine river meandering through the rich valley for a considerable distance above and below the town. ‘T'wo or three regiments are sometimes quar- NO. XX.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 83 caves of Mitchelstown, which lie about four miles to the right, can also be visited; but as they are within a mile of the road leading from Cahir to Mitchelstown, the description and means of seeing them fall under our road—Dublin to Cork by Cashel. Two miles from Clogheen, on the right, is SHAN- BALLY CastTxE, the splendid residence of Viscount Lismore; it is considered one of the best modern castellated structures in this part of the country. Viewed from the road, the demesne appears to stand in the centre of the space lying between the Knock- meldown and Galtee mountains, and by its extensive plantations, relieves the bleakness of the surrounding country, and diversifies the extended mountain scenery. Passing Ballyporeen, a small village about three miles from Clogheen, at two miles farther we enter the county of Cork, near to the small barrack of Kilworth. The road for the next five miles lies through the dreary upland tract called the Kilworth mountains ; in which the views are generally confined to the bleak hill sides, and partially reclaimed moorlands intervening. ‘This tract is somewhat diversified by the more fertile valleys which traverse the hills; some of which are extensively planted. The small town of Kirwortd is situated at the ter- mination of the mountain range, a part of which we have just passed through, and near the river Funcheon. It carries on no trade, except some small flax-dressing mills, lately erected in the neighbourhood by the Earl of Mountcashel for the employment of the surrounding poor. There is an ancient church; a commodious Roman Catholic chapel, and an endowed school for an unlimited number of children. | Several respectable people reside in the town, and the neighbourhood is much improved. Moore Park, the seat of the Earl of Mount- cashel, is contiguous. The mansion is a large, plain structure, and commands an extensive view of a portion of the valley of the Blackwater, and the high grounds around Fermoy. This demesne is watered on the one 86 NO. XX.—DUBLIN TO CORK. rounding heights, and extend for a great distance on either side of the river. Adjoining Castle Hyde is Cregy, the seat of Colonel Stewart. Below the town is Mount- Rivers, M. Hendley, Esq. near to the very remarkable ruins of CARRICKABRICK and LiciasH; also Carey’ s- ville, Carey, Esq. At four miles, Kilbarry, on the right, and Kilmurry, on the left banks of the river; and at six miles, also on the left, Macollop Castle, the seat of Francis Drew, Esq. This place, in common with many other parts in the vicinity of the Blackwater, is famous for its cider orchards. From Fermoy to the small town of Rathcormack, the road lies across the high tract of country intervening be- tween the vallies of the Blackwater and Bride; both rivers running eastward, and in nearly parallel direc- tions. The latter valley, through which the river Bride winds its devious course, stretches from Rathcormack downwards to Tallow, and although the high grounds bounding the valley do not rise to any thing like moun- tain scenery, yet they are more than elevated to charac- terise it. Close to Rathcormack is Lisnagar, the seat of Lord Riversdale, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Bride; the manorial house, (for such is its style,) and well arranged plantations havea very good effect. One mile from Rathcormack, on the left, is Kilshanic, the seat of Edmond Roche, Esq. From the valley of the Bride we ascend a portion of the high and bleak tract of land which stretches far westward, and at three miles from Rathcormack reach Warercrass-Hitt. This small village occupies one of the highest cultivated parts of the district ; and from it we descend at an easy rate to the hamlets of Glanmire and Riverstown; near which are the villas of Glyntown and Riverstown. The latter is the seat of Browne, Esq. and contains a very considerable extent of the largest and finest trees in the vicinity of Cork, or pro- bably in the kingdom. The valley of Glanmire forms part of the beautiful environs of Cork; it is watered by a pretty river that winds through it, and meets an arm of NO. XX.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 85 tered here, which add much to the gaiety of the place; and it is at all times one of the largest military stations inIreland. This place isa proof of what may be accom- plished by individual exertion and perseverance; when, in 1796, this estate came into the hands of the late Mr. John Anderson, it consisted of a carman’s inn, a few. wretched cabins, and the whole surface covered with furze. In thirty years from that period, it became a well-built flourishing town, with its suburban villas and handsome farms; but such is the mutability of human affairs, this fine property has passed from Mr. Anderson’s family into the hands of Sir Robert Abercrombie. The soil around Fermoy is good, and the country beautifully varied, respectably inhabited, and well culti- vated. ‘The banks of the Blackwater have been attrac-: tive both in ancient and modern times, as the numerous old and new buildings abundantly prove; and on many of the promontories and bold precipices along this de- lightful river are still to be seen the mouldering remains of its ancient castles. About six miles above Fermoy are the extensive and venerable ruins of BrinGETOWN ABBEY, which we regret to say have lately suffered much by the removal of the cut stone from the doors, windows, and quoins, by those whose station in life bind them to protect the few architectural remains now left us. In accordance with the generality of monastic establishments, the site of the Abbey was happily chosen in a rich peaceful vale, where the Awbeg, called by Spencer the Mulla, mingles its currents with the Blackwater, and commanding the view of their united waters, gliding onward beneath the bold limestone cliffs of Renny, part of the estate granted to that poet. Four miles above the town, close to the village of Bally- hooly, is Conveymore, the seat of the Earl of Listowel, delightfully situated on the banks of the Blackwater, and commanding a view of the wooded sides of the Nagle mountains; and one mile above the town is Castle Hyde, the seat of John Hyde, Esq.; the extensive grounds and plantations of this fine residence cover the sur- 88 NO. XX.—-DUBLIN TO CORK: house, a splendid building lately finished, the City and County Jails, the Town-hall, and Commercial Rooms, the County Club, Cathedral, Christ Church, and the Churches of Saint Mary’s Shandon, Saint Anne’s Shandon, Saint Nicholas, Saint Paul, and Saint Peter, (a beautiful structure, Chapel of Ease to Saint Anne’s Shandon), the Roman Catholic cathedral, a very fine edifice, and several Chapels; with Meeting-houses for dissenters of various denominations. Among the charitable institutions are the House of Industry, the Lunatic Asylum, the Fever Hospital, the Magdalen Asylum, the Foundling Hospital, the Lying-in-Hospital, and numerous schools. There are also several establish- ments for the promotion of science and literature. The principal are the Cork Institution, where lectures on - various branches of science are regularly delivered by qualified professors. There is also a Mechanic’s Institute and Library Society. Attached to the Institution is an extensive library, and a museum of natural history. Cork carries on an extensive trade, particularly in the export of provisions and live stock; and some of the largest contracts for the supply of victuals to the navy, are frequently undertaken here. The manufactories, in the usual application of the word, are not numerous. There is a small woollen factory, several founderies, and a large glass work; but the distilleries, breweries, and flour mills, are the manufactories of Cork, and they are conducted on an extensive scale. The principal im- ports are timber, coal, and other articles necessary for the supply of the district. Steamers ply to and from Dublin, and various parts of England. A bill has just passed for the improvement of the bay, quay, and harbour, which will greatly increase the means of trade. Although Cork is of high antiquity, having been founded by the Danes in the ninth century, and in periods subsequent to that, a place of much importance, little of its ancient architecture remains, the various ruins having, in the course of the last century, been incorpo- rated with the present ecclesiastical and civic structures. — NO. XX.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 87 the LEE, about two miles below the village; the hill sides are beautifully covered with wood. Among the numerous seats in this delightful vicinage, our limits will only admit of noticing Lofa, on the right, now appor- tioned into various handsome villas, the older place, or Lota-beg, being the seat of Daniel Callaghan, Esq. M.P.; and Dunkittle, on the left, the seat of Abraham Morris, Esq.; both well situated, and commanding ex-: tensive prospects of the magnificent scenery around. To the lovers of arboriculture and sylvan scenery, Dun- kittle will afford much enjoyment, the extensive and finely varied lawn, containing many remarkably large and -handsome trees. As we advance, the Bay, Blackrock, and. its handsome, modern Castle, are gradually disclosed; and on clearing the valley, we proceed for the next three miles along one of the finest approaches any city can boast of, being bounded on the right by the south- ern slopes of the Glanmire hills, studded with handsome villas, and on the left by the arm of the bay, which is bounded by the peninsula, suburban village, and nume- rous cottages of Blackrock, running-up to CORK, the second city in the kingdom, both in point of extent and commerce, situated on the mouth of the river Lee. A little above the town, the river divides into two branches, which keeps separate channels to the harbour, thus forming the central and older part of the city, into an island. From the above divisions of the river, various streams branch off, which give the interior of the town a singularly divided and irrigated appearance. The principal streets of the modern parts are spacious, and in point of elegance will vie with those of any city in the kingdom; but in the older parts they are narrow, irregular, and ill suited to business, or to the due main- tenance of cleanliness and comfort. The Mardyke walk, a public promenade of a mile in length, at the west end of the city, is a great convenience to the inha- bitants. The public buildings are the County Court- 90 NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. southern and beautifully defined sides of which follow generally the line of our road. The small enclosures and furze hedges, so common in the counties of Wex- ford and Kilkenny, prevail here to a great extent. Three miles from Waterford, we pass on the right, West Lodge, the seat of Edward Roberts, Esq. near to the charter school of Killoteran; at four miles, the beautifully varied grounds of Whitfield, the seat of William Christmass, Esq.; and a little to the right of the road, Mount Congreve, the handsome residence of John Congreve, Esq. delightfully situated on the right banks of the Suir. A little from this is Kilmeaden, where a new road branches off to Carrick and Portlaw.* Ten miles from Waterford, on the right, are the cross-roads of Newtown; and a mile from the road, on the left, Georgestown, the residence of James Barron, Esq.3 at three miles, also, on the left and near the village of Kill, is Gardenmorris, the seat of John Power O’Shea, Esq. About. eleven miles from Waterford is the de- cayed village of KrtmMacruomas, romantically situated on the sides of a deep valley, which is watered by the small river Mahon. To avoid the steep ascents connected with Kilmacthomas, the road now leaves that village a little to the right. Three miles to the left, and close on the shore, is the neat village of Bunmahon, which is much frequented in the bathing season; and near it, the copper mines, which are extensively and suc- cessfully worked. Bunmahon Lodge, the residence of Lorenzo Power, Esq. adjoins the village. Three miles above Kilmacthomas, and high in the wildest part of the CumMeracu Movunrarns, is the lake and preci- pice of CoumsHENANE, the most interesting of the numerous lakes in this fine mountain range. Coum- shenane, in extent and scenery, is like Lough Dan, in “ * From this to Portlaw is three miles; a level line has just been finished, extending to Carrick-on-Suir, connecting with Portlaw, and is the best road to these places from this part of the country. NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 89 It is deficient in public buildings, but taken as a whole, a fine city; and from the varied surface on which part of it stands, and the irregularity of its streets and buildings, when viewed from the elevated grounds around, has a very picturesque appearance : perhaps the best view is obtained from the hill which rises to the north, near the barracks. The environs of Cork, which are extremely beautiful, will be noticed in the various lines branching from it. No. XXL—DUBLIN TO CORK. BY WATERFORD, DUNGARVAN, AND YOUGHAL, SECOND ROAD, 1413 MILES. WITH BRANCH TO PORTLAW. Miles. Miles. Waterford as in No. XVI. 77 Middleton . . . 44/131 Kilmacthomas. . «12 / 89 Cork . ih state Ow | Late Dungarvan ° Si) Hep O E99 Ballinapark p . 9 |108 BRANCH TO PORTLAW. Moughal) asi on 2 AO [LIS Waterford it nl Castlemartyr . . . 821262 Portlaws fs ware eyo | 86 | Tuts road is not so generally travelled as the preceding line, by Kilkenny, Clonmel and Fermoy. It is longer by fifteen miles; but there are direct conveyances along good roads, and through an interesting country. From Waterford it keeps along the coast, passing through the seaport towns of Dungarvan and Youghal. Leaving Waterford, the country is but little adorned by any kind of improvement, and very imperfectly cultivated. The soil is of middling quality, swelling occasionally into lofty, craggy hills, and diversified by long and wide valleys, winding in almost every direction. This character of surface prevails between the road and the sea, from Waterford to Dungarvan. On the right it is much more highly varied, and blends with the hills of Curraghmore and the Cummeragh mountains; the 92, NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. DuNGARVAN, the second town in the county of Wa- terford, is situated on a bay of that name. It was, in the time of the civil wars, considered a place of some strength, and vestiges of its ancient walls are yet to be seen, as also of the eastle, which is in the centre of the town, and still occupied as a military post. Vessels of more than 150 tons burthen cannot enter the harbour ; it is therefore a place of little trade, though some corn and other agricultural produce are shipped from it to England. A good deal is done in the coast fishing, and under proper encouragement and regulations, this might be a source of profitable employment to many. At present about 200 boats, and 1500 men are en- gaged in this precarious traffic. Great improvements have been made here of late years by the principal proprietor, the Duke of Devonshire. To connect the two parts of the town, lying on the opposite sides of the harbour, his Grace, at a vast expense, constructed across the estuary of the river Colligan a causeway of 900 feet in length, and a beautiful bridge, consisting of a single arch of 75 feet span; also a handsome street and square, joining with the older parts of the town, together with reservoirs for the supply of water, Markets for beef and fish, a Sessions-house, School-house, &c. &c., besides contributing largely to the establishment of Fever Hos- pitals, Dispensaries, &c. The town presents a neat appearance, and is much resorted to in summer as a bathing place. Still it is poor in proportion to the number of its inhabitants, in consequence of the vast number of small houses which have been erected for the purpose of qualifying forty- shillmg freeholders, who chiefly depend on fishing or other uncertain employments for their livelihood. In addition to the castle already mentioned, there are, at what is called the Abbey side of the town, the ruins of another castle and monastery. The former is a rude square pile—the latter possesses some architectural in- terest; and on the foundations of its cells a Roman NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 91 the county of Wicklow. The Cummeragh, or as they are often named in maps, the Munavoulagh mountains, stretch from this towards Dungarvan, and their wild precipitous sides present a remarkable appearance, as seen from the road, exhibiting, at the same time, from their bold projections, and deep receding cavities, vast masses of light and shadow. About three miles west of Kilmacthomas, and in the beautifully shaped table land, lying at the base of the mountains, is Cummeragh Lodge, the seat of Wray Palliser, Esq.; and Mount-Kennedy, Edward Kennedy, Esq. Resuming our route, and about two miles from Kil- macthomas, near the road, is Sarahville, the seat of Mor- gan Barron, Esq. ; near which is Paha, Pierse R. Barron, Esq.; and three miles to the left, near the shore, is the neat and respectably inhabited village of SrRADBALLY. Adjoining the village is Woodhouse, the seat of Robert Uniacke, Esq., delightfully situated in a sheltered and beautifully wooded glen. Close to the church of Strad- bally are the ruins of a small monastery. Proceeding, we cross, at five miles from Kilmacthomas, the small river Tay: and beyond that, at Cushcam, commence the descent to the shore, from which we command a a view of the rich tract of land along the coast, the town and bay of Dungarvan, the bold rocky promontory of Hetwick Heap, which forms the western boundary of the latter; the Strevecrran hills, stretching westwards to Youghal; and the spreading fertile valley running up to Lismore. About three miles from Dungarvan, on the right, is Cloncoscoran, the seat of Sir Humble, Bart. The house is prettily situated on the rising grounds uniting with the Cummeraghs; and imme- diately behind the mansion the grounds are picturesquely broken and diversified by the chasms and narrow glens along their sides. On the left, and near the shore, is Clonea Castle, the residence of Mr. M‘Guire; Ball- nacourty, Mr. Longan; Duckspool, J. M. Galwey, Esq.s and close to the town, Hermitage, Mr. Barron. 94 NO XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. two miles to the right of the road, and on the left banks of the Blackwater, is Dromana, the seat of Henry Villiers Stuart, Esq. which, in extent, beauty, and his- torical associations, is one of the most interesting in the south of Ireland. The mansion, formerly the resi- dence of the powerful Lords of Desmond and Decies, embosomed in woods, rises boldly over the noble river, and viewed from the opposite shore, conveys to the mind, from its situation, almost all that can be imagined of a proud baronial residence. The style of the house, however, is not in character with the scene, although spacious, and enclosing portions of the older structure ;— it now appears from the late additions, exteriorly a plain Grecian building. The views from various parts of the grounds are magnificent, and the park and plantations are extensive: in the garden is the largest sweet chest- nut tree in this part of the country. Attached to the demesne is the pleasantly situated village of Villiers- town. A little beyond the road leading to Dromana, on the high grounds to the right, is Woodstock, the residence of Thomas Walsh, Esq., and proceeding, we pass the ruins of Bewiey Asser. The ancient village of Aglish, near which are the ruins of CLoucm Cast Lp, said to have been built by King John, lies a little to the right of the road; adjoining the village, is Ballinapark, the seat of Thomas Fitzgerald, Esq.; and about two miles beyond Aglish, on the right banks of the Blackwater, and near the confluence of the Bride, Campire, Usher, Esq.; and near it, Headborough, the seat of the Rev. Percy Smith; this fine demesne is remarkable for the beauty and fertility of its surface. A little below Headborough, and well situated on a capacious anchorage bay of the Blackwater, is Strancally Castle, the seat of John Keily, Esq. This modern small castle is a good specimen of architecture, and stands about a mile from the prostrated ruins of the old one, whose history is intimately connected with many of the bloody deeds NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 93 Catholic chapel has been erected. The Church, a modern building, commands a fine view of the harbour ; and the large Roman Catholic chapel commenced some years ago, is not interiorly finished. Near the town, and forming in appearance part of the bay, is a large shallow strand, bounded on the south by the estuary of the river Brickey, which might be easily embanked. This matter has already received consideration, and will, in all probability, soon be accomplished, From Dungarvan to Youghal, there are two lines; one by the sea-coast, and across the unreclaimed lands of Slievegrian, called in the county divisions Drcrss within Drum; this is fourteen miles in length, and in some places hilly ; but it affords beautiful views of the iron-bound coast, stretching from Helwick to Youghal. The other is the line passing near the village of Aglish, which is generally travelled, and although two miles longer, to be preferred. Leaving Dungarvan, we proceed through the fertile broad vale of the Brickey, which joins the valley of the Blackwater, near Cappoquin; and at three miles from Dungarvan pass on the left Carriglea, the seat of John O’Dell, Esq. where a handsome house, in the Tudor style, has been lately built; at three miles on the right, the road to Clonmel, which runs up the beautifully wooded glen of the Colligan river, branches off; at four miles pass Cappagh, the seat of Richard Usher, Esq. which is well defined by the extensive plantations covering the surrounding heights; at five miles on the right, Rockfield, the seat of Pierse Hely, Esq. pleasantly Minaied on the Finisk river; and on the left, White- church, the seat of Robert Power, Esq. On the slopes of Slievegrian, to the left, the plantations, regular en- closures, and handsome farm-houses, mark out Ballin- taylor, the highly improved estate of John Musgrave, Esq. and the ruins of KnockMoan CasTLe, picturesquely situated on a tall insulated rock, rising from an extensive flat surrounding tract, hasa very striking effect. About 96 NO, XXI——DUBLIN TO CORK. belongs to the Duke of Devonshire, who, although a great benefactor, has not expended so much in im- provement as in several of the other towns, forming part of his vast Irish estates. Youghal, notwithstanding its vicinity to Cork and Waterford, carries on a con- siderable trade in the export of corn and other agricul- tural produce, and in the importation of coal, culm, timber, &c. The harbour possesses considerable ad- vantages ; unlike Cork and Waterford, there is no length of river to contend with, and in spring tides, vessels of between 400 and 500 tons burthen can cross the bar, and easily enter it. In its antiquities may be enume- rated the Church, a large Gothic structure; and one window which remains of the contiguous ruined Abbey, is extremely beautiful and entire. The Church-yard, one of the largest, and finest in point of situation, in this part of the country, contains some old trees, and many curious relics and tombs. A chapel of ease has also been erected on the ruins of a Franciscan cemetry. The College, now the property of the Duke of Devon- shire, is in a neglected state; but it is believed that his Grace’s disputed title accounts for this. It was founded by the Earl of Desmond, in 1464. The house of Sir Walter Raleigh, now called Myrtle Grove, of whose posses- sions, Youghal then formed a part, is still in good pre- servation, and occupied by Colonel Faunt. In making some repairs in this house, one of the oldest Bibles extant was found built up in the wall; it bears a date only thirty-four years after the invention of printing ; and in the gardens attached to the house, the first potatoes introduced to Europe, by Sir Walter Raleigh, were planted. Cherries are also said to have been in- troduced by him at the same time. Youghal is a place of considerable resort for sea bathing, and the extensive sea beach, mild climate, and rich surrounding country, offer many induce- ments to erect more bathing villas. It contains, in addition to the churches enumerated, several Roman Catholic Chapels, and Meeting-houses for various classes NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 95 perpetrated during the feudal wars of the Earls of Desmond; it was blown up by order of Queen Elizabeth. About three miles from Aglish, is the village of Clashmore, situated on one of the numerous mountain streams running into the Blackwater. There are the ruins of an old Abbey, and adjoining the village, Clash- more House, the seat of Robert Power, Esq. About two miles to the right, but on the opposite banks of the Black- water, is Ballinatray, the residence of Richard Smyth, Esq., one of the most extensive and beautiful of the many fine seats on the banks of the Blackwater; and to some it may be interesting to know that it was the paternal residence of Miss Penelope Smyth, now Princess of Capua. Near the house of Ballinatray is the ruins of TEMPLEMICHAEL CASTLE; and about two miles below it, on an eminence immediately over the river, the ruins of Rincrew, once a residence of the Knights Templars. A little beyond Clashmore, the road crosses the small river Lickey, and soon reaches the estuary of the Blackwater, which is crossed by a wooden bridge and causeways lately erected at an expense of £17,000: the former is 1875 feet, the latter 1732 feet in length, together forming a viaduct of 1202 yards; and from this fine road way, a view of the estuary, with its bold rocky banks, and of the town and environs of Youghal, is obtained. YoucuHaL, in the county of Cork, is situated on the sides of an abrupt hill, which rises from the shores of the harbour of that name. It consists of one main street, with several smaller streets leading off on each side. The first view of the town, across the river, mingling with the trees on the steep slopes, and the Atlantic, seen beyond the bay, is extremely pleasing. It is of great antiquity; and was formerly a place of considerable strength. The old walls remain, and still form, on the summit of the hill to the westward, the boundary of the town. The principal part of the town 98 NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. coast-guard station and a small poor fishing village. Along the shore are several uninteresting ruins. Five miles from Youghal is the village of Killeigh, adjoining which, on the right, is Ahadda, a naturally wooded, romantic, and highly improved glen, where the proprietor, Sir Arthur Brooke, Bart. has a small cottage in which he occasionally resides. Opposite to the cottage is Killeigh Lodge, the residence of Roger Davis, Esq. About three miles to the right of Killeigh, are Mount Uniacke, the seat of Uniacke, Esq.; Bal- lyre, Crofton Uniacke, Esq. ; Coolagur, James Uniacke, Esq.; and Castletown, Uniacke, Esq. On the summit of the rising grounds, about two miles to the left, is Lisquinlan, the seat of Penrose Fitzgerald, Esq.; the plantations of the demesne forming a con- spicuous feature in the bleak tract of adjacent uplands. Near this is Castle Richard, Richard Fitzgerald, Esq. Beyond Killeigh, the country improves both in culture and appearance ; and passing on the right, at two miles, Ballindiness, the residence of Mr. Garde, enter the small, neat, and clean town of CASTLE MARTYR, which is surrounded by the plantations of the fine de- mesne of the Earl of Shannon. This seat is remarkable for the ruins of the Castle from which it derives its name, the order in which it is kept, the artificial water, old trees, variety and extent of shrubs. Among the latter we may notice the camellias, probably the finest out of doors in the empire. The deer park, about two miles to the right, forms a feature on the upland road leading to Tallow; and the rivulet Dower, remarkable for its subterraneous course runs through it. Close to Castle Martyr, on the left, are Carey’s Wood, and near it Dromadda, the residence of Courtney, Esq. ; and on the right, on the high grounds near the deer park, Ballynona, Richard H. Wigmore ; and beyond it the small village of Mogeela. NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 97 an Infirmary, Dispensary, a commodious Fish Market, and a Barrack for Infantry. There are also two small manufactories of Brown Pottery. From the high grounds over the town, you command a view of the whole of this interesting old place, together with the Bay, Cable Island, the Shipping, the estuary of the Blackwater, the extensive bridge, and the surrounding country. Opposite to Youghal is Monatra, the marine villa of the Rev. Percy Scott Smyth; and about four miles east of the town, on the coast, ARDMORE, a small fishing village near the west end of the Bay of the same name. ‘This village is well circumstanced as a bathing place from its extensive, smooth, sheltered beach ; and several comfortable cottages have already been built. Ardo, the residence of Mr. Lawler, on Whiting Bay, is near it; and two miles eastward is Ballyguin, the seat of ——— Paul, Esq. To the antiquary Ardmore will be attractive from its beautiful Round Tower, about 90 feet in height, and differing from many others in having bands on the exterior wall, and the small old church which is now almost gone, a part of the chancel only being kept in repair and used for divine worship: a small part of the simple and very rude carved work, illustrative of some portions of scripture, can still be traced on the exterior wall. In the immediate neighbourhood of Youghal, and to the left of the road leading to Tallow, is Muckridge, Mr. Fitzgerald; and at three miles, Garryduff; Mr. Garde. Leaving Youghal, the road proceeds through a flat and fertile tract of country, which is bounded on the left by the low ridge of hills skirting the flat sandy shores of Ballycotton Bay; and on the right by the rising grounds which blend with the extensive, high, and partly moorland tracts of land stretching north- ward to the valley of the Bride. Ballycotton Bay which lies about five miles to the left, affords a con- siderable supply of flat fish. At its western end is a H 100 NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. a few scathed Beech trees point out where, not very many years ago, stood Ballyanan, the residence of the Viscount Middleton, the proprietor of this fine estate. About four miles in the upland district, to the right, is Lemlara, the residence of Garret S. Barry, Esq.; and on the same side, but near the road, are the plantations of Ballyedmund, the seat of Robert Courtenay, Esq. cover- ing and beautifying a considerable portion of the high grounds. About a mile to the left is the Great Island, on the southern side of which is the small town of Cove. Three miles from Middleton is the village of CARRIGTOOHILL; anda little to the left of it, Barry’s Court, the residence of E. Coppinger, Esq., the old, high, square building forming a remarkable feature. From Carrigtoohill to Cork the road lies between the high grounds which rise to a considerable elevation on the right; and the narrow branch of the bay which, on the left, separates the small island and Foaty from the main land. This narrow inlet now skirts the road for a considerable distance, and at low water, from its deep muddy bottom, has an unpleasant appearance. Beyond Carrigtoohill, and along the high grounds on the right, you pass in the following order, Annegrove, Kilcloyne, Springhill, Johnstown, and Annemount; and on the left, Foaty, the fine residence of John Smyth Barry, Esq. The demesne occupies nearly the whole of Foaty, which is insulated by a subdivision of the branch of the bay just noticed. The mansion is a chaste, commodious, Grecian building ;_ the park is extensive, and adorned by numerous young plantations. The entrance gates, at either end of the island, are remarkably spacious, unique, and distinct in their cha- racter, from each other. Strangers are admitted to see this place by writing their names in a book kept at the entrance lodges. A little beyond the demesne of Foaty, but on the margin of the Great Island, is Marino, the beautifully situated seat of Thomas G. French, Esq. © At threemiles fromCarrigtoohill ,on the road, is the hamlet rr ee NO. XXI.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 99 The rich and well-improved tract of country, of which the far-famed environs of Cork form a part, may be said to commence at Castle Martyr, and to extend west of Cork to Ballincollig. This district is very evidently defined by the rising grounds which run westerly from the estuary of the Blackwater at Youghal to the higher mountain ranges beyond Macroom. On clearing the demesne of Castle Martyr, the plantations of Kilbree, Samuel Adams, Esq. are seen on the rising grounds to the left; and at two miles farther, to the right, is Roxboro, and Cahirmone, the latter is the re- sidence of the agent of Lord Middleton, whose large estates include and surround the town of MIDDLETON, which, within these few years past, has improved more than any other of the minor towns in Munster. The town is now of considerable extent; and the principal street contains a great number of comfortable and respectable houses. There are two large distilleries, be- sides breweries and corn stores ; but the extensive coarse- cloth manufactory has long since ceased. There is one of the best conducted endowed schools in the kingdom here ; and the celebrated Curran is said to have received the rudiments of his education in this town. Situated near the eastern extremity of one of the numerous arms of the sea which branch off Cork Harbour, Middleton, by a little extension of the navigation, is well calculated to carry on a considerable shipping trade. At present vessels cannot approach nearer than a mile and a half of the town. The environs are fertile, and considerably improved by several handsome lodges and _ cottages. The rectory, a comfortable residence, is close to the town ; and this living was, till lately, the most valuable in Ireland. Below the town, near the small quay, where the principal stores are erected, is Ballinacurra House, the residence of Mrs. Garde; and a little further to the left, the fragments of some ruined gate piers and 102 NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. at from one to two miles from the road, on the right, the demesnes of Ballysax, Ballyfair, Ballyshannon, and Calverstown, all noticed in No. XIII. page 54. At four miles from Kilcullen, on the right, is Hagle Aiill, Tilson, Esq.; two miles beyond which, also to the right, but close on the road, is the neat church, schoolhouse, and rectory of Fountstown ; nearly opposite on the left, is osilla. From the higher parts of what may be termed, in comparison with the vast flat around Athy, an upland tract of country which the road now passes over, good views are obtained of many parts of the Queen’s County, Kildare, and Wicklow. One mile from Fountstown church, the road sweeps round the Moat of Arpskun, one of the most remarkable from size and site of those ancient round heaps which are to be met with all over the kingdom. This moat, or as they are often called Danish forts, is rendered still more remarkable for many miles around, from being covered with a thriving plantation of young trees.— From this we descend at a gentle rate to the plain in which is situated AE ELLY; one of the largest towns in the county of Kildare, and where, alternately with Naas, the assizes for the county are held. Although the Barrow runs through the town, and is navigable for barges downwards till it meets the tideway, and a branch of the Grand Canal from Dublin is here connected with the river, little trade comparatively is carried on. These circumstances, added to its central situation, present many inducements to improvement ; and being wholly the estate of the Duke of Leinster, any general plan might the more readily be carried into effect. Some of the ecclesiastical ruins are still trace- able; and the old castle is now used as a jail. In its history it is noted as the place where Donald O’Brien with his army crossed the Barrow after the battle of Clontarf. The country west and north of the town, is flat, NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 101 of Little Glanmire, near which, on the rising grounds to the right, is Rockgrove, the beautifully wooded seat of Simon Dring, Esq. The Little Island, which is about two miles long, by one broad, now almost covered with modern suburbap villas, is passed on the left, and Dunkettle, noticed in our last road, on the right. At about three miles from Cork, we cross the Glanmire river by the draw-bridge, and join the great Dublin road, No. XX, under which the particulars of this portion of the environs of Cork are detailed. No. XXII—DUBLIN TO CORK BY ATHY, CASHEL, AND FERMOY. THIRD ROAD, 126 MILES, Miles. Miles. Kilculien, as in No. XIII. Q12 Littleton . ‘ Paes | 703 Athy 43728 | e AQb | Soe Cashel z PPL SHEP NAS Stradbally a ete) ote teaG Caher es a gan eee | RCE Abbeyleix = = Oe (49% Mitchelstown . - 133, 101 Durrow) v6, ses. oD) SAS Fermoy b Neer ion Os, Johnstown . . . 72] 62 Rathcormack SWAG Bhs 4 Urlingford . : - 12 | 63} Cork c é . 13°| 126 Tuts road, generally known as the Cork by Cashel line, branches off the Cork by Kilkenny road, (No. XX.) about a mile beyond Kilcullen, and rejoins it near Kilworth. It is by no means a line of such thoroughfare as No. XX; and beyond Athy the towns to which it leads till it reaches Fermoy, are, in a commercial point of view, comparatively of little importance. The country it runs through is of a varied character ;—as far as Durrow, the surface is generally undulating, the soil good, and in some places highly adorned by planting ; beyond Durrow to Cahir, it is flat, naked, and dreary —large tracts of bog and rich champaign lands _ alternating. In branching off the Cork by Kilkenny line, we leave the ruins of Old Kilcullen to the left; and soon pass, 104 NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. of the demesne. It is more remarkable from its pleas- ing site and capability of improvement, than for the business carried on, or its clean, comfortable dwellings. There are, however, several respectable houses, a neat Sessions-house, a venerable Church, and very neat Rectory. A small stream, one of the numerous feeders of the Barrow, runs through the town, and waters the demesnes already noted. About three miles to the left of Stradbally, is Kelly- ville, the handsome seat of the Rev. Thomas Kelly ; and at about the same distance to the right, on the cross-road leading to Monasterevan, is the demesne of Vickarstown. The country through which the road for the next ten miles lies, is bounded on the left by the high and broken grounds connected with the northern sides of the Comer hills, and on the right by the short chain of low, detached, verdant hills which, following generally our line of road, serve to break and di- versify the bleak country between Stradbally and Abbeyleix, otherwise not interesting either as regards its husbandry or agricultural features. The small vil- lage of Timahoe lies about four miles to the left of Stradbally, on the old hilly road leading to Ballinakill ; here isa Round Tower and the fragments of some church ruins. At about three miles from Stradbally, we pass, on the right, Lamberton, the seat of the Hon. Judge Moore. On the left, Cremorgan, the handsome seat of Lewis Moore, Esq.; two miles farther, the hamlet of Ballyroan ; and at ten miles reach ABBEYLEIX. This hamlet was originally laid out with considerable taste as an appendage to the Viscount De Vesci’s ad- joining demesne; but it appears to have outgrown its prescribed limits ; and, we regret to say, begins to assume the straggling appearance of a common village. The Church is a very handsome building, and the numerous neat cottages scattered along the line of road leading to the mansion-house, have a very good effect. The NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 103 and boggy, and connects with the great tracts of peat-moss which occupy a large portion of the lower levels of the county of Kildare. On the south of the town, the country assumes somewhat the character of a wide-spreading valley, through which the Barrow flows ; and here the soil is naturally richer, and though not possessing any remarkable features, is pleasing from the number of large improved farms, and gentlemen’s seats which extend down to Carlow. Near Athy, on the southern side, is Fort Bar- vington, Wheeler Barrington, Esq.; a little farther down on the banks of the Barrow, Leinster Lodge, James Perrin, Esq.; and beyond it, also on the river banks, Kilmaroney, the seat of the Rev. F’.S. Trench. Above the town, on the northern side, are Geraldine, Shrew- land, Barrow Lodge, and several other handsome cottages ; and at three miles, Bert, the seat of Lord Downes. About three miles from Athy, the road enters the Queen’s County, near Ballykilcavin, the seat of Sir Ed- ward Walsh, Bart. The mansion is a plainold building ; but the extent and variety of the grounds, the dispo- sition of the plantations, and the improved state of the surface, render this one of the most interesting demesnes in this district. Adjoining is Brockly Park, the residence of William D. Ferrar, Esq.; and beyond it, Stradbally Hall, the seat of Thomas Cosby, Esq. In the arrangements of the house, the style of entrance peculiar to the old English hall has been maintained. The grounds are extensive, as the nume- rous plantations covering the surrounding heights denote. The above three fine seats, Ballykileavin, Brockly Park, and Stradbally Hall, unite, and together form the best piece of mingled park and forest scenery to be met with in this route. The character of these places, and the style of the various public roads running through them, remind one of many parts of England. The village of Stradbally, which is six miles from Athy, is close to Stradbally Hall, and surrounded by the trees 106 NO. XXII.— DUBLIN TO CORK. considerable distance, the high grounds of the adjacent country, are not only an imposing feature, but add much to the beauty, and by their shelter to the fertility of the neighbouring lands. About two miles below the town, on the road to Ballyragget, is Grenane, a small lodge of the Earl of Orkney, now occupied by his agent, C. Lyster, Esq. Opposite to Dunmore, are Castle- ward; Odda the demesne of Mr. Lawrenson; and on the cross-road to Rathdowney, Moyne, Robert -Hamilton Stubber, Esq.; and a little beyond it, Fen- tower and Oldglass. Leaving Durrow, we re-enter the Queen’s County, and pass, for three miles, on the left, along part of the extensive and beautiful woods of Lord Ashbrooke, and clearing the high grounds, we emerge on the great flat country which, with some partial interruptions, stretches for a considerable dis- tance on either side of the road, to the neighbourhood of Cahir. Near two miles from Durrow on the right, are Derrin, Edmondbury, the ruins of Mackin, and Cullyhill. At four miles Rapla, and near it the Round Tower and church of Fertagh; at six re-enter the county of Kilkenny, and at eight reach the village of JOHNSTOWN, which, from a little attention paid by the proprietor to the alinement of the houses, affords an agreeable con- trast to the irregularity and want of plan so evident in the generality of our small towns. On the high grounds, two miles to the left of the village, is the chaly- beate spa of BALLYsPELLAN, celebrated, at least in the surrounding districts, for its medicinal virtues; and, if not fashionably, is pretty numerously attended in the season, by the visitors lodging at Johnstown. The country east of Johnstown is agreeably varied by the low ranges of hills in the county of Kilkenny, which lie towards Durrow, and those which stretch more southerly from Freshford to Killenaule ; but on the west and south, it is flat, naked, and dreary—large and deep tracts of bog mixing with the rich arable land. NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK- 105 demesne is flat; but the flatness is compensated by the beautiful river Nore, which flows through the grounds ; and the extent of Oak forest which adorn the park. The house is a commodious modern structure more remarkable for its internal comfort and hospitality than its architectural features. And here we may remark that the care and liberality of a resident landlord is seen and felt by all around. Adjoining the park of Abbeyleix is the demesne of Knapton; and beyond it, up the river, and not far from its banks, are Noreview, Farmly, and Springmount. The country around Abbeyleix is flat, and in many places low and boggy; but generally good arable land. On the north-west it stretches in one vast plain towards the base of the Slieve-Bloom mountains ; and on the south, the flat grounds, though extending for many miles, are diversified by various ranges of hills, which intersect the adjoining portion of the county of Kil- kenny. Along our line of road, however, for the next six miles, the country has a richly wooded appearance. Two miles from Abbeyleix, cross the Nore near the demesne of Castlewater; and at three, on the banks of the Nore, is Dunmore, the well wooded and delightfully situated residence of Edmund Staples, Esq. A little farther the road crosses the small stream Gully, where it enters the county of Kilkenny, and at five miles reaches DURROW, pleasantly situated on the small river Erkin, about a mile above its confluence with the Nore. It is more regularly and better built than the generality of our small towns, and contains an Infantry Barrack ; a good Inn and Posting establishment. There is no trade carried on, if we except the extensive flour mills on the Erkin in the neighbourhood. Castle Durrow, the demesne of Viscount Ashbrooke surrounds the town. ‘The mansion, a plain edifice has been lately added to and repaired. The woods of this demesne covering for a 108 NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. The hill is easy of ascent ; and, from its superior alti- | tude, a much better view is obtained than from the Rock of Cashel ; besides this hill and the rocky ridges run- ning from it, form a visual barrier to the view eastward from the Rock. If the day is favorable for distant prospects, the eye overlooking all the petty and arbitrary divisions of counties and provinces, is bounded only by the surrounding high lands which blend with the distant horizon. Eastward, the detached and very remarkable mountain of SLYEVENAMAN, stretches across and pre- vents the eye ranging down the valley of the Suir ; and the low and softly rounded hills of Kilkenny, sweeping from Killenaule to Freshford, and thence to Durrow, seem to display and prolong the distant per- spective. Northward, the high range of hills, generally known as the Siieve-BLoom mountains, running from Tullamore to Roscrea, and nearer the Drevit’s Brr range of hills blending with the Keeper moun- tains, take up the boundary line from Roscrea to Limerick, lapping over the Clare high lands beyond the Upper Shannon. Westward, the hills which issue from the Lower Shannon at Shanagolden, and run nearly at right angles to its course across the country to Charleville ; from whence spring in a southerly di- rection, the CastLE OLIVER mountains, connecting with the nearer and more lofty Gauress, by far the finest of our inland mountain ranges. Due south, and more within the reach of the unaided eye, may be seen a portion of the Monavortacn and KNnockmMELDOWN mountains, which run in a westerly direction from Car- rick-on-Suir to Kilworth. The vast champaign tracts intermediate to the visual barriers we have briefly glanced over, are as re- gards the nature of the soil, of a very mixed character ; and we regret to state, owe but little, as yet, to the science of agriculture. Even that vein, stretching westwards from Cashel to Charleville, including an extensive range in breadth on either side of this line, although it contains some of the finest land in NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 107 Two miles to the right of Johnstown, is Foolke’s-court, and about the same distance to the Jeft, in the valley lying between this and Freshford, is Woodsgift, the seat | of Sir Richard St. George, Bart., and near it Ballieff Castle, Arthur St. George, Esq. In the vicinity of these places are several remarkable ruins, and the verdant slopes of the Durrow hills add much to the general scenery. Leaving Johnstown for Urlingford, we pass close on the right, Violet Hill, Gorges Hely, Esq., and on the right Marymount, Richard Neville, Esq. Uruinerorp is a large straggling village through which | the road lies. About three miles from it on the Killy- naule road, is Kilcooley Abbey, the fine seat of William Ponsonby Barker, Esq. A little beyond this village, for the first time on this road, enter the county of ‘lippe- rary, through which we travel for the next thirty miles. The country for the first ten miles is remarkably flat, | and, as before remarked, vast fields of bog, al- ternate with the rich arable lands. The gentlemen’s seats are few, small, and so scattered as to appear mere | specks in the vast plain ; the nakedness, however, is a little relieved by the tall ruins of those narrow castel- lated buildings, which are in this district more than usually prevalent. At four miles on the left are the ruins of Leacu Cuurcn, noticeable merely from their reputed antiquity ; and a little further to the right, on the cross-road leading to Thurles, are the ruins of Burros Casrir. Atseven miles, Ballydavit, the resi- dence of Mr. Russell, and at eight, the small hamlet of Littleton. Passing Ballymoreen and Parkstown, which are on the left of the road, and close to Littleton; Shanbally and _ Spring Gardens, about two miles to the right; and near them, and at the same side, the remains of the conspicuous old castellated houses of Macarky and Killough. We now pass near the base of the verdant hill of Killough, which forms so remarkable a feature in the flat country around, and from the richness of its surface is provincially termed the Garden of Ireland.— LEG) NO. XXII.—DUBLIN -TO CORK. the latter isa few yards detached, and the least remark- able of the number; all the former are closely con- nected. The Round Tower, the date and uses of which are, in common with those of all other similar structures, involved in much obscurity, raises its tall and yet scarce dilapidated head, far above its younger and more decay- ing companions. The Chapel of Cormack M‘Cullinan King of Munster and Bishop of Cashel, built in the ninth century, is considered a good specimen of the ancient Saxon; and the numerous ornaments, grotesque heads, and other curious sculptures, which adorn the arches, columns, and pilasters are all in uniformity of — style. The Cathedral, erected in the tenth century, is a noble remnant of what is usually termed the pointed Gothic, and contains many interesting relics. The cas- tellated building adjoining, forms externally a part of, and is internally connected with, the Cathedral, and ap- pears to have been a place of great strength, in those days - when the princely ecclesiastics assumed the powers of lords temporal as well as spiritual. The Rock of Cashel, which is crowned with the above splendid group of ruins, rises abruptly from the wide extended, fertile plain, to a considerable heightabove the town, and from many parts of the distant country forms a very striking object. On thesummit of the Rock and around the ruins, an area of about two acres of the richest sward has been enclosed, which is open to the public, and the parish sexton, who acts as the cicerone, will always be found at hand to show the interior.— From the higher parts of the buildings, and even from the summit of the Rock, extensive views are obtained of the town and surrounding country. These views being from a lower level, are of course more limited than those we have just described from the neighbouring height of Killough; but as the Rock is very easy of access, we would recommend all travellers to ascend, were it merely to see the exterior of the buildings and to obtain some idea of the very fertile circumjacent dis- trict. By the late episcopal arrangements, the sees of NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 109 the kingdom, is by no means of that uniformly rich character which casual observers have ascribed to it ; nor will the culture, rural improvement, and condition of the inhabitants bear comparison with many of the less favored portions of the island. CASHEL, though situated in the centre of a very rich country, at a considerable distance from any large town, containing 7,000 inhabitants, returning a member to the Imperial Parliament, and long an Archiepiscopal city, is yet a place of little importance. The only business carried on is the weekly markets and periodical fairs, where a very limited portion of the produce of the sur- rounding country is disposed of, and the retail trade for the district. The town is irregularly built, if we except the main street in which the principal business is done: one or two of the outlet streets are clean and respectably inhabited ; but the greater part of the other streets and lanes are narrow, filthy, and occupied by very poor people. There are several institutions for the education of children and support of the indigent ; but the extent of their operations is very limited. The Infirmary, Market, and Court-Houses add much to the ornament of the town. In the small Infantry Barracks, there is room for two companies. The Cathedral is a modern capacious building, adorned by a plain, but lofty spire, and from its isolated site has a good effect. The Roman Catholic Chapel is also large and modern, occupying the site of the old Franciscan Abbey. The Hore Abbey or Grey Friars, is a fine ruin, and comparatively in good preservation ; the Dominican Abbey, close to the site of the old Roman Catholic Chapel, is stated to have been extensive, but itis now much decayed. These ruins are in different parts of the town, and quite dis- tinct from those on the Rock, which from their number, variety, preservation, and site, are decidedly the most interesting assemblage of ruins in the Kingdom; and, to use the words of Sir Walter Scott, “ such as Ireland may be proud of.” They consist of the Round Tower, Cormack’s Chapel, Cathedral, Castle, and Monastery— 112 NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. a principal stage in our present line, is a place of consi- derable thoroughfare. There are many inducements to tourists, such as the Galtees, Glen of Aharlo, the Caves of Mitchelstown, &c., to sojourn a few days here ; and the Inn lately erected on the banks of the Suir, is beautifully situated, and well kept. Caurr is the estate of the Earl of Glengall, whose residence is in the town ; the beautiful park extends along either side of the Suir for a considerable distance, and contains a remarkably neat cottage erected by the late Countess, to whose exertions much of the present improved state of Cahir is also owing. Our way to Mitchelstown lies along the south side of the Galtees, having the mountains all the way on our right. Their elevation, the diversified slopes and deep ravines along their sides, produce that pleasing variety of light and shade peculiar to mountain scenery, and form a striking contrast with the flatness of the greater part of the country travelled through in our route from the metropolis. The Galtees are among the finest, and, as regards their surface, the most fertile of our inland mountain ranges ; the sides are verdant, and capable of cultivation to a considerable extent—even the summits afford pasturage ; cultivation has already crept high up the sheltered recesses, and considerable tracts have been planted by the proprietors, the, Lords Glengall, Lismore, and Kingston, and their improvements may be traced in the order enumerated. Lord Lismore has a shooting lodge about five miles from Cahir, and the romantic lodge of Lord Kingston, we will notice in its place.— The country lying immediately to the right, is bleak and presents nothing remarkable. About midway between Cahir and Mitchelstown, is a public house, kept by Skelly, where those wishing to see the stalactite Caverns of Mitchelstown may stop. ‘The caves lie abouta mile to the right of Skelly’s, in the town- land of Coolnagarronroe, and although seven miles from Mitchelstown, are called by that name, being part of that large estate. They were discovered in 1833 by a person of NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. ) i: Waterford and Cashel are united ; and Waterford having been fixed on as the place of abode for the Archbishop, Cashel has ceased to be a diocesan residence. Although the country from Cashel to Cahir is rich and beautifully varied, there are few remarkable seats ; there are, however, a good many comfortable villas— several ruins of the old castellated buildings, and abund- ance of miserable huts, the latter contrasting strongly with the munificence of nature around. Caunir makes some amends for the poor and uninte- resting towns we have lately travelled through. It is situated at the commencement, on this side, of the rich tract of table land, which lies between the Galtee and Knockmeldown mountains, and watered by the Suir, here a fine river, flowing through the town. The southern sides of the Galtees, diversified with young plantations, form a magnificent back ground ; and the surrounding plantations of the park of Lord Glengall, add much to its beauty. Cahir Castle, the old family residence, is in high preservation, and stand- ing in the town over the river, mantled with ivy is a beautiful object. The modern Church, Chapel, Schools, Jail, and Sessions-House, all striking, distinct, and suitable in their architecture ; and occupying con- spicuous sites, together with the surrounding scenery we have adverted to, render Cahir the most picturesque town in Munster. A considerable trade is carried on in the purchase and manufacture of corn, and in the weekly markets and numerous fairs, a good deal of business is transacted. Great pains have been taken to introduce the linen trade and straw platting; but they have not succeeded to any extent. In addition to the public institu- tions we have noticed, there are a Dispensary and Fever Hospital, and one mile from the town, the Barracks, capable of containing a regiment of cavalry. The Barracks are generally occupied, and add much to the gaiety and interest of the place. Cahir, lying in the great road from Limerick to Waterford, as well_as being 114 NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. in stalagmites springing from the prismatic blocks which form the rugged pavement, in many places uniting with the stalactites and forming the most graceful pillars, and in crystallizations along the walls, assuming all the soft and varied folds of the most ample drapery. It will require, at least, two hours to see the caves even in the most cursory manner; but, apart from the geolo- gical interest, the admirer of subterranean scenery will find employment even for a whole day. : As considerable trouble is imposed on the tenant in preserving and showing the caves, we would respectfully suggest to Lord Kingston’s agent to fix, by tickets or otherwise, some exact amount payable to the person in charge ; for, although no sum is at present absolutely demanded, yet, by indirect means, exorbitant amounts are exacted ; and at the same time to render the Cavern more easy of access, which a very small outlay would effect. The Caves are nearly equidistant from Cahir, Clogheen, and Mitchelstown; and at these places there are good inns, and post-horses. About a mile from the Caves, towards Clogheen, are the interesting ruins of Burntcourt, and the small village of Shanbally. Resuming our route, at eight miles from Cahir, and a mile to the right, in one of the mountain glens which diversify the southern sides of the Galtees, is Galtee Lodge, a shooting seat of the Earl of Kingston. The lodge is picturesquely situated about a mile in the mountains, commanding various views of the brawling stream which waters the glen, and of the extensive plantations which beautify its lofty precipitous sides. Five miles from this, and thirteen from Cahir, is MITCHELSTOWN, pleasantly situated close to the demesne of Lord Kingston, whose extensive plantations beautify and shelter it, and in the centre of a rich and diversified country, bounded on all sides by lofty mountain ranges. There is no trade carried on in this small town; but the principal streets are regularly laid out, and the houses NO. XXII.— DUBLIN TO CORK. 113 the name of Condon, and are close to the Cavern of Ske- heewrinky, which has been known for many years. Those who intend visiting the caves, should provide themselves with a coarse overall dress, including cap, and a few can- dles ;and they may arrange their dress before and after visiting them either at Skelly’s or Gorman’s house. The latter lives close to the caves, is the tenant in possession of the land in which they are situated, andis appointed by Lord Kingsborough to show them. Two small round hills, composed of the compact grey limestone of the valley, denote the site of the old and new caves.— The more easterly, which rises about 100 feet above the level of the mail coach road, contains the more re- cently discovered and more interesting Cave, and now the subject of description. The entrance is about mid- way up the hill, and the passage from this to the first chamber 100 yards. For the first ten yards it is only four feet high, and declines at an angle of 30 degrees with the horizon; you then descend by a ladder fifteen feet, proceed for eight yards along an inclined plane, and on a level for the remainder of the passage. From the foot of the ladder, the height varies from four to seventeen . feet, and the breadth averages nine feet. The floor of the passage is difficult to walk over, being strewed with large blocks of limestone. The cavern, so far as yet discovered, is, independent of the entrance described, about 200 yards in length by 170 in breadth, and con- sists of eight chambers, which vary very much from each other in form, dimensions, and in the arrangement of the spar. They have various appellations, such as the House of Lords, Four Courts, Court of Chancery, Kingston Hall, &c. &c., and are connected with each other by narrow, rugged, winding passages. It would far exceed our limits to attempt anything like a detailed account of the interior of the caves; nor could the most accurate drawings, or the most minute, vivid descrip- tions, convey to the mind anything like the extraordi- narily beautiful and fantastic forms which the spar has assumed in stalactites descending from the vaulted roof, I 116 No. XXIII-—-DUBLIN TO TALLOW, BY WATERFORD, DUNGARVAN, CAPPOQUIN, AND LISMORE. 1151 MILES. Miles. Dungarvan, as in No. XXI. 99 Cappoquin 5 ei Pew weyase LOTS Lismore . ° Goiihe « dz f 1T] Pallows 5027, Cyn a « 4% [21152 Tue line here laid down is that travelled by the public conveyances ; and is the great road leading to all these places from the metropolis. To Dungarvan, Cappoquin, and Lismore, there are good branch roads from Clon- mel across the high grounds which lie between the valleys of the Suir and Dungarvan, and which to Cappoquin and Lismore, shorten the distance between five and six miles; but they are neither so level, nor well kept as the mail-coach lines, nor are they, if we except the car to Dungarvan, travelled by any public conveyance. They lead to no towns or places of any importance ; but the vale which bears the Nier to the Suir, and many of the glens they run through and cross are pretty, and the mountain scenery and moory tracts they disclose and lead to, are full of interest. In summer, they form an agreeable variety to the much more frequented mail-coach line. From Clogheen there is also a branch to Lismore, which does not lengthen the road; but, however interesting this branch may be to the tourist, or useful to the business of the district, it is necessarily carried over a higher elevation than is suited to general and direct inter- course. In No. XXI. pages 92, 93, and 94, Dungarvan, the country around, and six miles of our road towards Cappoquin, being so far common to this line and the new road to Youghal, have been described. Six miles from Dungarvan on the right, and prettily situ- ated on the outlet of one of those numerous glens which intersect the Knockmeldown mountains, is NO. XXII.—DUBLIN TO CORK. 115 well built. That part of the town along the Cork road which now wears sucha dilapidated appearance, will, on the expiration of the existing leases, be removed ; and the ground added to the demesne. A good deal of retail business is done in the town; and the markets and fairs are well attended. It contains a neat church and Roman Catholic chapel, and a branch of the national bank. The square, which is spacious, and a novelty inoursmall towns, contains some good houses, the inn, the entrance to the demesne, and the building usually called the College, which was founded and endowed by the late Earl of King- ston for the support of twelve reduced gentlemen, and sixteen gentlewomen, who, in addition to their house and garden, have each £40. ayear. A chaplaincy, with £120 per annum, house, &c. is attached to the institution. But the principal attraction of Mitchelstown is the resi- dence of the proprietor, the Earl of Kingston, the largest and best of our modern castellated buildings. It was built in 1823, from designs of Messrs. Paine, of Cork, on a site which commands extensive views of the splendid moun- tain scenery and princely territories belonging to it ; and from many parts of the surrounding country the towers and battlements of this massive pile are seen rising over, and mingling with the surrounding woods. The park, which is watered by the Funcheon, the garden, offices, and other appurtenances of this magnificent residence are also.on an extensive scale. No difficulty will be found in gaining admission to the grounds by application at the gate; and the interior of the edifice, which is not unworthy of its exterior appearance, can also be seen by application at the castle. Around Mitchels- town, if we except the widely extended undulating country which, as regards soil, is of a very varied cha- racter, there is little to attract the notice of the traveller. The conspicuous ruins of Cahirdriney Castle are about four miles from the town, and to the right of our road to Fermoy. Proceeding across the high country which is much varied with tillage, pasture, and moorland, at six miles we join the line No. XX. under the town of Kil- worth, and crossing the Funcheon, proceed by that road to Fermoy and Cork 2 118 NO. XXIII.—DUBLIN TO TALLOW. richly varied grounds, render this one of the most charming of the many seats around. Our road now lies through the united plantations of Sir Richard Keane, Mr. Chearnley, and the Duke of Devonshire, which form that splendid sylvan scenery along the left banks of the river from Cappoquin to LISMORE. The view of this small town from the highly pic- turesque bridge which was built by the Duke of Devonshire, if not the most striking, is the most beautiful in this district of country. “The Blackwater, both above and below the bridge which leads into the town, flows through one of the most verdant of valleys, just wide enough to shew its greenness and fertility ; and diversified by noble single trees and fine groups. The banks bounding this valley are in some places thickly covered, in other places thinly shaded with wood. ‘Then, there is the bridge itself, and the castle, grey and massive, with its ivy-grown towers; and the beautiful spire of the church; and the deep wooded lateral dells that carry to the Blackwater its tributary streams. Nothing can surpass in richness and beauty, the view from the bridge, when, at evening, the deep woods and the grey castle, and the still river, are left in shade, while the sun streaming up the valley gilds all the softer slopes and swells that lie opposite.”* The ancient Cathedral has been lately repaired, the interior beautifully fitted up, and a remarkably fine spire erected. There is also a large Roman Catholic Chapel, a small Presbyterian Meeting-house, a Court- house, and good Inn, a classical School, and Schools for poor children, endowed and supported by the Duke of Devonshire. Lismore, in former ages, was a place of great learning and piety; itis now reduced to a small town, yet kept in good repair by the proprietor, the Duke of Devonshire, whose large venerable castle, rising from the wooded rocks hanging over the river, forms the principal feature of the town. * Inglis’s Journey through Ireland. NO. XXIII.—DUBLIN TO TALLOW. 117 Belleville Park, the seat of Samuel Poer, Esq.; and on the left are the old village, plantations, and Church of Affane. A mile farther, also on the left, and close to the road, is Richmond, the residence of Major Alcock, and near this, is the village of CAPPOQUIN, agreeably situated on the Blackwater, here a tide river, and navigable for barges from Youghal nearly to Lismore. The village, which is of considerable extent, and chiefly remarkable from its beautiful situation, stretches along the base of the rising grounds which blend with the towering heights of Knockmeldown. Immediately over the village is Cappoquin House, the seat of Sir Richard Keane, Bart. The mansion is situated on an elevated and naturally terraced bank, enjoying prolonged reaches of the river and its accompanying scenery, above and below the village, and of the vale running eastwards to Dungarvan. In the centre of the vast bog and moory trat which continues to rise back to the base of the higher mountain peaks, is the establishment formed by the Trappists a few years ago. The monastic pile rising in the midst of this dreary houseless tract produces a singular effect ; and the cultivated fields connected with the Monastery contrast strongly with the unreclaimed desert around, and shew what may be accomplished by well-directed industry and perseverance. The Monastery is close to the new and excellent mountain road from Cappoquin to Clogheen. Two miles below Cappoquin, on the right banks of the river, and opposite to Dromana, already noticed, is Tourin, the delightfully situated seat of Sir Richard Musgrave, Bart. M.P.; and adjoining Cappoquin House, on the right of the road leading to Lismore, is Salti-bridge, the residence of Anthony Chearnley, Esq. From its ele- vated site, it participates in all the splendid scenery com- mon to the heights around; and its fine plantations containing some of the most venerable evergreen oaks in the kingdom, its deep and naturally wooded dells, and 120 NO. XXIIJ.— DUBLIN TO TALLOW. yet these drawbacks are amply compensated by the bold banks, extensive improvements, and_ striking natural features along its course. At and above Lismore, it is a fine deep inland river, pursuing its peaceful course, and gliding among the trees and under- wood which adorn the lovely valley. The newly made roads across the Knockmeldown and Kilworth ranges, to Clogheen and Mitchelstown, now also afford great facilities to those who wish to ascend the mountains, or to explore the dells, glens, and table lands of this interesting district. The remaining four miles of the journey to Tallow, lie across the high and fertile tract of grounds inter- vening between the Blackwater and the Bride; and from the series of traversing lines by which we descend, we enjoy a view of the rich, wide-spreading valley, and course of the Bride for a considerable distance above and below the town; as also of the far-extending uplands which, from the opposite side of the vale, stretch southwards to the plain running from Youghal to Cork. The town of Tallow is situated on the river Bride, about five miles above its confluence with the Blackwater. Though the Bride is a tidal river, and navigable for barges nearly to this town which also enjoys the advantages of a good surrounding country, little trade, if we except some in flour and corm is carried on in it—the agricultural produce of the valley being principally conveyed by water to Youghal. The town in its appearance has little worthy of notice. The Church is neat and modern; but the other public buildings, such as the Market-house, Sessions-house, &c. are not remarkable. There are, however, a few good private houses. A little below the town, on the right banks of the valley, is the modern seat of the Rev. M. Percival; further down, Janeville ; below it, Moore Hill, W. Moore, Esq.; Sapperton, Stephen Moore, Esq.; and over the confluence of the river, Headborough, the seat of the Rev. P. S. Smythe, which we noticed in our road to Cork by Youghal. NO. XXIII.—DUBLIN TO TALLOW. 119 Lismore Castle is the most magnificent and best pre- served of our ancient baronial residences, though it has undergone many mutations and incongruous additions consequent on its change of owners. Three sides of the quadrangle are in perfect repair, and well furnished ; and one of them is occupied by the resident agent, Colonel Curry, whose liberality and skill is evinced throughout the whole of his Grace’s vast possessions. This castle, and the surrounding manor, was the estate of Sir Walter Raleigh, at whose death it was forfeited, and purchased by the ancestor of the present pos- sessor. Lismore was the birth place of Boyle the philo- sopher, and Congreve the poet. The principal part of the beautifully planted grounds attached to the castle, are on the opposite banks of the river, and blend with those of Ballysaggartmore, the fine seat of Arthur Keily, Esq. which is a little higher up, but on the same side. The formation of this residence was only commenced a few years ago; and already the young plantations cover the sides of the dells, and can be traced sweeping round the surrounding heights. Above Lismore, and on the right banks of the river, opposite to Bally- saggartmore, are Fort- William, John Gumbleton, Esq. ; Glencairn Abbey, the handsome and beautifully situated seat of Gervais Bushe, Esq.; Glenbeg, G. Bennet Jack- son, Esq. There are wooden bridges over the Black- water at Ballyduff and Mocollup. In the immediate and interesting vicinity of Lismore, there are also several handsome small villas. Lismore is the best halting place for those who are anxious to see the beauties of this part of the Black- water, and the adjacent country. The river, Mr. Inglis describes as equal to the finest parts of the descent of the Rhine ; and as boats can always be hired, we would ad- vise tourists in fine weather to proceed by water. Though from a little belowLismore, to its embouchure at Youghal, it is a tidal river, wanting the constant current which constitutes one of the charms of river scenery, and presenting at ebb tides, disagreeable muddy sides, 122 NO. XXV.—DUBLIN TO CLOYNE. gentlemen’s seats on the cross-roads, we have noticed in connection with that part of No. XXI. reaching from Youghal to Castle Martyr. No. XXV.—DUBLIN TO CLOYNE. FIRST ROAD, 130: MILES. Miles. Castle Martyr, as in No. XXI. ae Cloyne 4 |1303 Tue small ancient town of Cloyne is situated in a rich vale about two miles east from one of the inlets of Cork harbour, three from Ballycotton Bay, and four from Castle Martyr. As there are now direct con- veyances from Dublin to Youghal, and numerous public coaches thence to Cork, the line here given is the most direct and convenient way of approaching it. Cloyne has ceased to be the seat of a bishop, the See being united to that of Cork. The Cathedral, a plain heavy building, which lays claim to have been founded by St. Colman, in the sixth century, is still in good preservation; and adjoining it is one of the ancient Round Towers, anda large Danish Rath. The town, which never carried on any trade, has now lost its mainstay in the abolition of the Diocesan residence. The country immediately adjoining is hilly, fertile, and contains several comfortable villas. The seats near the town are Jamesbrook, Richard W. G. Adams, Esq. ; Kilbree, Samuel W. G. Adams, Esq.; and Ballymaloe Castle, C.J. Forster, Esq. About a mile from the town, at the head of a small arm of the bay, is Castle Mary, the extensively wooded seat. of Longfield, Esq. In the grounds isa Druidical altar. Near CastleMary is Rostellan Castle, the seat of the Marquess of Thomond, delightfully situated on a small promontory formed by the numerous inlets which diversify the western shores of Cork har- bour. About a mile from Rostellan Castle, on the ele- vated lands overlooking the bay, is Ahadda, the seat of NO. XXIV.—DUBLIN TO YOUGHAL, &c. 121 A little above the town, but in the county of Cork, are Castleview and Lisnabrin, and the ruins of Lisfinnny Castle. At two miles, Curryglass, the residence of Richard Gumbleton, Esq. ; three miles, but on the left banks of the river Bride, Carrigreen, Henry Peard, Esq., and at four the ruins of Connough Castle. No. XXIV.—DUBLIN TO YOUGHAL AND CASTLE MARTYR. BY TALLOW. TO YOUGHAL, TO CASTLE MARTYR. Miles. Miles. Tallow, asin No. XXIII. 1153]| Tallow, as in No. XXIII. |1153| Youghal . : . . tlt Castle. Martyr . . 113}127 | TO YOUGHAL BY TALLOW. Tuts road to Youghal is eight miles longer than the line described in No. XXI. It is, however, the road travelled by the mail coach from Dublin in order to pass through the towns of Cappoquin, Lismore, and Tallow. From Tallow, our way lies across a high and rather bleak tract, in which there is little to excite interest either in the nature of the soil, which is of a very varied nature, or in the culture which is very inferior. At seven miles from the town, pass on the left, Garryduff, already noticed in the description of the environs of Youghal, and, at one mile from the town, join the road, No. XXI, after it crosses the wooden bridge, as noticed in page 95. TO CASTLE MARTYR BY TALLOW. On referring to the table of distances, it will be seen that this road is equidistant with the Cork line by Aglish and Youghal, No. XXI. But, as there is no public conveyance across the dreary country from Tallow to Castle Martyr, the traveller is recommended to proceed by No. XXI, unless he may have business in the neighbourhood of Lismore or Tallow. All the ' 124 NO. XXVI.—DUBLIN TO MIDDLETON, &c. Dublin and Cork mail by Kilkenny, at Rathcormack. This road branches off the line, No. XX. at Rathcor- mack, (page 86) and runs across the high ridge of land which we have already noticed as lying between the valley of the Bride, and the rich plain stretching from Youghal westwards beyond Cork. There is also a cross-road nearly parallel to this to Castle Martyr by the village of Dungourney. Except the neighbourhood of Rathcormack and Castlelyons, and the views obtained in descending to Middleton, there is little to demand particular observation; and as Middleton and its neighbourhood have been noticed under No. XXI. we have here only to observe that on leaving Rathcormack we cross the Bride near Kilshanick, leaving the small town of Castlelyons and the old ruined castle of the former Earls of Barrymore, about a mile and a half to the left. Castlelyons is situated in a pleasingand fertile tract of country close to the river Bride, and contains aneat Parish Church; and in the cemetery attached, is the family vault of the Barrymore family, who were formerly lords of the soil for many miles around. One mile below Castle Lyons, is Coole- abbey, the seat of Henry Hawkes Peard, Esq.; and at two, close to the Bride, and on the cross-road leading from Rathcormack to Tallow is the hamlet, neat Church and Glebe of Ahern. As weproceed to Middleton, Kilcor, Cornelius O’Brien, Esq. and Ballyvolan, Pyne, Esq. lie about three miles from Rathcormack, but on our left, and on the Castle Martyr road. At seven miles we pass close on the left, Leddinton, M. U. Atkins, Esq.; and at nine -miles Carrig. From this the road descends in a line with the mountain stream which waters Middleton, and falls into a branch of Cork harbour about a mile below it. NO. XXVI.—DUBLIN TO MIDDLETON, &c. 123 Penrose Fitzgerald, Esq. ; and about two miles farther, Corkbeg, a marine villa of the same family. Near this is Carlile Fort, and opposite is Camden Fort, command- ing the entrance to the inner harbour. The entrance, or channel, is about two miles long, and half a mile in breadth, and lies between the outer and inner harbours. The steep sides rise suddenly from the water to a considerable elevation; and the view from their summits embraces, on the left, a great extent of sea coast, and on the right, the inner harbour which is capable of receiving the entire naval force of England, its islands, the town of Cove, and the circumjacent country. Close on the shore, and five miles from Cloyne, is the small fishing village of Whitegate, with several de- tached cottages, respectably inhabited; Rochemount, Roche, Esq., and a little further beyond it on the shores of the outer bay is Trabulgar, the handsome seat of Edward Roche, Esq. From this there is a fine range of sea coast eastwards to Ballycotton bay. No. XXVIL—DUBLIN TO MIDDLETON AND CLOYNE. BY RATHCORMACK. TO MIDDLETON, 123 MILES-TO CLOYNE, SECOND ROAD 127 MILES. Miles. Rathcormack, as in No. XX. 112 Middleton ; : 3 ~ 1) 4123 Cloyne . 5 “ ; - 41127 By this line Middleton and Cloyne are a few miles nearer to Dublin than by Youghal; it is also the line by which the letters to and from these towns and the metropolis are forwarded. For this purpose a single horse car, the only public conveyance on the road, is despatched across the country on the arrival of the 126 NO. XXVIII.—DUBLIN TO FETHARD—TIP. an Augustinian Friary, now repaired and used as the Roman Catholic Chapel; and a small Presbyterian Meetinghouse. The old mansion of the Everards, formerly proprietors of the town, is now used as the Infantry Barrack. Close to the town, and towards the base of Slievena- man, is Grove, the fine seat of William Barton, Esq. ; and near it, Avltinan Castle, the picturesque residence of Robert Cooke, Esq. The fertile slopes of the lofty Slievenaman, rising from the grounds attached to these seats, improve ina high degree, the scenery around. Two miles from Fethard, on the road leading to Clon- mel, is Lakefield, the seat of William Pennefather, Esq. ; and on the road leading to Cashel, at two miles on the right, is Rocklow, Benjamin Frend, Esq.; and near it, Rathcool. On the left of the road, opposite to these places, is Derryluskan, the seat of Wray Pal- liser, Esq.;. and west of it, is Tullamaine, John Meagher, Esq. Annsyift, George Gough, Esq., lies to the right of the Cashel road, and three miles from Fethard; and at four miles, on the left, the ruins of Kilconnel Castle, standing on an eminence, form a very conspicuous feature in the flat and fertile surrounding country. No. XXVUI—DUBLIN TO FETHARD—TIP. BY URLINGFORD AND KILLYNAULE. SECOND ROAD, 81} MILES. Miles. Urlingford, as in No. XXIL 632 Killynaule " i o > ll} 743 Fethard . . 5 : - @WS8ii Turis road which branches off the Cork by Cashel line, No. XXII. at Urlingford, is not of much thorough- fare; nor is it travelled by any public conveyance. From Urlingford to Killynaule, the road is bounded on the right by the southern extremity of that immense boggy plain, popularly known as the Bog of Allen; 125 No. XXVIIL—DUBLIN TO FETHARD—TIP. BY KILKENNY AND CALLAN. FIRST ROAD, 79 MILES. Miles. Callan, as in No. XX. 66 Fethard Cicer bee wep alee, LOY eo Turs line to Fethard is the most direct from Dublin, and may be considered as a branch from No. XX. at Callan. No public conveyance runs directly to the town, except the car from Clonmel, which starts with the letters on the arrival of the Cork and Dublin mail; this, however, increases the distance as compared with our present route, ten miles. Leaving Callan, we cross one of the streamlets which form the supply of the King’s river, and enter the county of Tipperary. The road runs through a bleak tract in which bog, moor, and good arable land alternate. On the left, the fertile slopes of Slievenaman yield a pleasing con- trast, and on the right, the low and more distant range of hills which spring from the immense boggy plain stretching northwards for fifty miles; serves in some degree to relieve, on that side, the monotony of the surface. Five miles from Callan, and close to the hamlet of Mullinahone, is Killaghy Castle, the seat of Francis Despard, Esq. ; and near it, Harley Park, James P. Poe, Esq. At seven miles, Gurieen ; at ten, and a little beyond the cross-roads of Cloneen, Ballenard Castle, Thomas Lindsay, Esq.; and at thirteen miles, the town of FETHARD, which is situated in one of the richest portions of the county of Tipperary, about two miles west from the base of the mountain of Slievenaman; it was formerly a place of defence—the gates and fragments of the embattled walls still remaining. Although the popu- lation amounts to four thousand, there is no trade beyond the supply of necessaries for the immediate district carried on. The town contains one of the largest ancient Churches in that part of the country; 128 NO. XXIX.—DUBLIN TO KILKENNY. Our present route is a little shorter; the roads are good, and the public conveyances well appointed; and though the country, from a little beyond Kilcullen, the point where the roads separate, is not so rich and improved, nor the towns passed through so good: it is, however, far from being devoid of interest; and, even to those who may not have business along the line, will form a variety in going to or returning from Kilkenny. About two miles from Athy, this road separates from the Cork by Cashel line, No. XXII. and soon enters the Queen’s County, passing, at three miles, through the village of Ballylinan, with Rahin and Ballyadams a little to the right; and at six miles, crosses the Dowglas stream, leaving the demesne of Gracefield on the right, and the remains of Maidenhead Park on the left, and ascends the Comer hills, which rising from this art of the valley of the Barrow, run westward to the valley of the Nore, and contains the eastern portion of the coal formation of the district. On reaching the summit of the hill the table land before us presents, in its marginal outline, a well-defined circular shape, and in its surface a gentle concavity. The latter presents an unusually cold and desolate aspect, from the heaps of waste coal around the abandoned pits, the quantity of sterile subsoil strewed over the surface, and other sub- terrine accumulations which the mining operations carried on for a series of ages, has produced. The contrast and novelty of the scene, at least in this country, is also increased by the various engines at work, and the numerous black huts of the miners which are scattered over the dreary waste. Ten miles from Athy, the road enters the county of Kilkenny, at eleven, passes, on the left, the modern castellated residence of Butler, Esq.; and at thirteen, reaches CASTLECOMER. One is forcibly struck with the appearance and situation of this regularly built, clean, and respectably inhabited town, and with the extensive plantations and park scenery surrounding it, all which contrast so NO. XXIX.—-DUBLIN TO KILKENNY. De and, on the left, after crossing the mouth of the Fresh- ford valley, by the western sides of the low range of hills which run across to the valley of the Nore, and contain the western Coal formations of this district. Soon after leaving Urlingford we enter the county of Tipperary, and at three miles reach Kilcooley Abbey, the seat of William Ponsonby Barker, Esq. In the exten- sively wooded park are the ruins of the Cistertian Abbey founded in 1200. Five miles from Urlingford on the right, is Ullick, and opposite to it, Littlefield ; and at seven miles, Pointstown. To the left, on the high grounds near the Collieries, is the small village and post station of New Birmingham, and near it, Lickfin and Colebrook, the residences of Fergus and Charles Langley, Esqs. At nine miles on the right, is Glengaule Lodge ; and beyond it, on the same side, Lane Park, John Lane, Esq. The small town of Killynaule is pleasantly situated in a rich and improved tract of country, which is also agreeably varied by the low detached hills blending with the extensive plain stretching westwards. Near the town is Ballyphilip, Ambrose Going, Esq.; and a mile and a half beyond it, Upham, the Glebe House of Killynaule. Three miles further, on our road to Fethard, is St. Johnston, Richard Millett, Esq.; and opposite to it, Coolemore, Mathew Villiers Sankey, Esq. A little to the left of Coolmore, is Mobarnane, Mathew Jacob, Esq. No. XXIX.--DUBLIN TO KILKENNY. BY ATHY AND CASTLECOMER. SECOND ROAD, 563 MILES. Miies. Athy, as in No. XXII. 334 Castlecomer . 5 4 - I3 | 462 Kilkenny . : . - 10 |} 563 Tue first road to Kilkenny, as given in Nos. XIII. XIV. and XIX. is that generally travelled; twenty- two miles from Dublin, being common to both lines. 130 NO. XXX.—DUBLIN TO FRESHFORD. around the Castle, from their contiguity to the town of* Kilkenny, being too limited. A little to the left of the deer park, in the high grounds which form the eastern boundaries to this part of the valley of the Nore, are the limestone caves of Dunmore. The Caves con- taining various chambers of considerable dimensions, many singular and beautiful depositions of spar, and a subterranean rill, &c. are well worthy of a visit. Opposite to Dunmore, but on the right banks of the Nore, are the Three Castles, Ball, Esq. The charming country from this to Kilkenny, which is watered by the Nore, cannot fail to attract the notice of those who are alive to the beauties of rural scenery ; nor will the venerable structures of the old town of Kil- kenny, as they rise successively to view, fail to excite the admiration of those who, apart from the melan- choly train of associations awakened in the mind, can appreciate in the landscape the picturesque effects of their mouldering remains. No. XXX.—DUBLIN TO FRESHFORD. BY CASTLECOMER AND BLALLYRAGGET. 56} MILES. Miles. Castlecomer, as in No. XXIX. 463 Ballyragget Cel) Ca aes * 42) 51 Breshford) Saale 9 6.) |.) 9). soa Ge FRESHFORD is a large village, pleasantly situated in a fertile tract of country which stretches from the Nore westwards to the Bog of Allen at Urlingford. The only public conveyance running through Freshford, being by Kilkenny, increases the distance nine miles. The nearest way is to proceed by the route here given. The village of Ballyragget is situated on the Nore, about midway between Castlecomer and Freshford. The remains of the old castle, the property of Thomas Kavanagh, Esq. of Borris, is the principal feature. The country around is flat, and the Nore is seen pur- NO. XXIX.—DUBLIN TO KILKENNY. 129 strongly with the bleak, though, as regards its mineral treasures, rich tract just travelled through. The town contains a large Chapel, a Court-house, and Infantry Barrack, &c.; the principal street has a row of trees on either side laid out as a Mall; and a neat Church which “tops the neighbouring hill.” A good deal of trade is carried on in the sale of corn, butter, and other country produce. Much was done by the late Countess of Or- monde for bettering the condition of the poor, by encou- raging every species of industry; and this has been fol- lowed up by the present proprietor, the Honorable C. H. Wandesford, who in these laudable endeavours is aided by the more wealthy residents of the town and neigh- bourhood. In this way, Castlecomer is freed from much of that real and feigned misery which in most towns is so annoying and distressing. The Dinane, augmented by the streamlets Dean and Doonane, here a pretty river, runs near the town and through the beautiful park of Mr. Wandesford. The mansion is also close to the town, and the extensive plantations surrounding and stretching along the adjacent heights, have an im- posing effect, and add much to the beauty, interest, and comfort of Castlecomer and its environs. Following the valley which is watered by the Dinane, (increased in volume at two miles from the town by the Dowglass,) and wooded by the plantations of Castle- comer; at three miles from the latter place, we pass, on the right, Websborough ; and at five, also on the same side, Jenkinstown, the seat of George Bryan, Esq. The fine old timber of this interesting place reaches to the Dinane, on the one hand, and to the Nore on the other—the demesne occupying the neck of land formed by the confluence of the rivers, is, from its extent and situation, a striking feature. Beyond Jenkinstown the road keeps along the left banks of the Nore, and through the demesne of Dun- more, formerly a residence of the Ormonde family, and now the Deer park and out farm to Kilkenny Castle, the seat of the Marquis of Ormonde—the grounds K 132 NO. XXXII.— DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. remarkable for the taste and skill displayed in its formation, and the care bestowed on its subsequent management. No. XXXIIL—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. BY NAAS, KILDARE, MONASTEREVEN, MARYBOROUGH, MOUNTRATH, ROSCREA, AND NENAGH. 94 MILES. Miles. Miles. Naas, asin No. XIII. 15%|| Roscrea ‘ . 52! 59 Newbridge : ° - 52} 21 || Moneygall : « 68) 65$) Kildare. ey ae - 43) 253|| Toomavara 4 . 32 693| Monastereven iF 3|| Nenagh ci « 5S 743| Ballybrittas 93| 33 || Kilmastulla . . 8 | goa! Eme 5 ihe - 2] 35 || Castleconnell - 42| 87 Maryboro’ . « « 53{ 404] (and 1 mile to the right) Mountrath . 62) 47 || Limerick . . . 7/94 Borris-in-Ossory . . 63] 533; | Dusuin to Naas inclusive, has been noticed in No. XIII. page 54, as the main stem of the roads leading to the greater parts of Munster and Leinster. This line may be considered one of the principal arms of the stem from whence many roads branch; and next to the Kilkenny and _ Beltast roads, the greatest thoroughfare from the metropolis. On clearing the poor suburbs of Naas, we leave on the right Millbank, the seat of James Tandy, Esq. and soon pass on the left the Infantry Barracks, and the ruins of Jigginstown, a building which was commenced by the unfortunate Earl of Strafford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the reign of Charles I. At two miles on the right, is Yeomanstown, the seat of Walter H. Mansfield, Esq. ; and near it the demesne of Morristown. Opposite to these places, on the left, is the demesne of Ladytown. Five miles from Naas we meet the river Liffey pursuing its devious course to the capital. On its banks are the small town and large cavalry barrack of Newbridge; and a little to the left Connell, T. E. Power, Esq. near to the ruins of Great Connell Abbey, NO. XXXI.—DUBLIN TO BALLINAKILL. 131 suing its peaceful course for many miles below and above the village. Adjoining is the demesne of Mr. Kavanagh; a little above the village, Ballyconra, the seat of the Earl of Kilkenny; and below it, Mount Deland, the residence of Mr. Mossom. Near the town is Grange, Stennard, Esq. Adjoining Freshford is Lodge Park, the residence of Warren, Esq.; Uppercourt, the extensively wooded demesne of Wm. De Montmorency, Esq. ; and Kilrush, the seat of Arthur St. George, Esq. The country around Freshford is rich, and the surface highly varied ; the immediate vicinity of the village is greatly beautified by the plantations of Uppercow't, which cover the adjacent heights. No. XXXI—DUBLIN TO BALLINAKILL. 52 MILES. Miles, Abbeyleix, as in No. XXII. 492 Ballinakifl 50 5) es 8.4523 Tuts small town may be reached at fifty miles by branching off at the hamlet of Ballyroan; but, to the generality of travellers, it will be better to proceed to Abbeyleix, where cars can be hired. The old road by Timahoe, although two or three miles shorter, is very hilly, and seldom travelled. BALLINAKILL is situated on the verge of the Queen’s County, and forms a part of the estate of the Ear! of Stanhope. Some years ago this small town carried on a considerable trade in the manufacture of woollen cloth; that, however, is fallen off. There are good weekly markets, and seven fairs held yearly, at which a good deal of business is done. The spire of the modern church forms a conspicuous feature for many miles in the fertile plain which surrounds the town. There is a large Roman Catholic Chapel; and the tuins of the Castle are also worthy of notice. Adjoining the town is Heywood, the seat of M. F. Trench, Esq. This beautiful demesne has long been 134 NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. As we approach Monastereven, the extensive plan- tations of Moore Abbey, the fine seat of the Marquis: of Drogheda, rise to view, and form an interesting feature to all this neighbourhood. The mansion, a modern spacious structure, is built on the site of a Franciscan Abbey; and though plain, is in the Abbey style of architecture. It stands near the town, and on the banks of the Barrow which runs for nearly two miles through the demesne. The Barrow also waters Monastereven ; and a branch of the Grand Canal here separates, one arm running to Mountmellick and Portarlington, the other through the town to Athy. Monastereven contains a handsome Church, Roman Catholic Chapel, and various public Schools.— Large weekly markets are held here ; anda good deal of corn and other provisions are forwarded along the lines of Canal. The large Distillery and Brewery of Messrs. Cassidy add much to the business of the town, and the neat houses in which these gentlemen reside, have not only improved the appearance, but have induced a taste for building among the respectable people who have located here. The vicinity is agreeable, and there are numerous public conveyances to and from Dublin, and to various parts of the country. The town is wholly the property of the Marquis of Drogheda; and under proper encouragement will become a place of considerable importance. On the south side of the demesne of Moore Abbey, and about four miles from the town, is Aildangan, the seat of Dominick O’Reilly, Esq. MONASTEREVEN stands on the verge of the county of Kildare, and on leaving the town we enter the Queen’s County, and at two miles pass, on the left, Jamestown, the seat of Robert Cassidy, Esq.; opposite to it is Webbe Hill, the seat of the Hon. Judge Johnston. At three miles reach the hamlet and demesne of Bally- brittas, the seat of the Rev. Dean Trench; and on the left, Rath, Thomas Trench, Esq.; and Bellegrove, George Adair, Esq. ‘Three miles from Monastereven, NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK.. PSS and the demesne of Rosetown. A mile from New- bridge are the hamlet and demesne of Moorefield, the latter is the seat of Ponsonby Moore, Esq. We now enter the Curracu or Ki~paArr, a vast unbroken, bleak plain, consisting of 4858 statute acres, which contrasts strongly with the naturally rich and improved country we have just travelled through. This tract, so well known to the sporting world, is the property of the crown; and is appropriated to racing and coursing—the adjacent proprietors having the privilege, under certain restrictions, of grazing sheep thereon. The whole is under the charge of the ranger, who is appointed by government. The road which runs for two miles through the Curragh reaches, at nine miles from Naas, the small town of KILDARE, which is situated in the centre of an elevated and bleak tract of country. It is a place of considerable antiquity. The old Abbey is much dilapidated, a small part only being kept in repair for divine worship. The ancient Round Tower, 130 feet in height, stands in the church- yard, and from its elevation, points out the site of the town for many miles around. Near this is White Abbey, a small establishment for Carmelites; and ad- joining it the ruins of the Franciscan Convent. There is also a neat modern Church, Roman Catholic Chapel, County Hospital and Market-house. The country between Kildare and Monastereven possesses few attractions. The low range of hills, called the Hill of Allen, Chair of the Earl of Kildare, and the Red Hills, bound it on the right ; and on the left, the eye ranges over the great extent of bog and low lands, which stretch southwards to Athy. To the north side of the Curragh, is Rathbride, and on the same side near the road leading from Kildare to Rathangan, is Dunmurry, the seat of Edward Medlicott, Esq. On the left, and near the town, are Maddenstown and Moortown. 136 NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. the rock is crowned with the mouldering ruins of what was once the castle of Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, who obtained it by his marriage with the daughter of MacMurrough, King of Leinster. Being a place of great strength, the possession of the fortress became a matter of much importance, and in the subsequent rebellions was the source of many a bloody fray. It was, how- ever, finally demolished by Cromwell’s army. At two miles from the Heath we pass, on the right, the ruins of Kilminchy House, and at three, reach MARYBOROUGH, the chief town of the Queen’s County, both of which derive their names from Mary Queen of England. Being the Assize town it contains the County Court-house, Gaol, and Infirmary. There is also a neat Church and Roman Catholic Chapel, with several School-houses. It can now boast, what was long a desideratum in this kingdom, of having one of the district Lunatic Asylums. Although the county town, and a place of great tho- roughfare, we regret to say that it carries on little, if any trade, and except the weekly markets, and fairs, little business is done. The flatness which pervades this district extends to a great extent around Maryborough; and the surface consists generally of an inferior soil mixed with large frelds of bog. From Maryborough towards Mount- mellick, one of those high gravel ridges termed Eskers, traverse the plain. These singular formations are frequently met with in many parts of this county as well as in the flat districts of Galway and Mayo. To the left of the town are Rathleague, the plan- tations of Sir Henry Parnell, Bart. ; and Sheffield, the residence of Matthew Cassan, Esq. On the right, at four miles from the town, and on the slopes of Slieve Bloomer Mills, is Ballyfin, the seat of Sir Charles Coote, Bart. The house is a splendid specimen of Grecian architecture, and is interiorly arranged in a style of befitting elegance. The plantations of Ballyfin, which extend to a considerable distance along the sides NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. 135 close to the road, is Derries, R. M. Alloway, Esq. ; opposite to which is Ashfield; and two miles to the right, near the road leading from Monastereven to Portarlington, is Mount Henry, the seat of Henry Smith, Esq. where a very handsome mansion has been recently erected. At five miles, on the road- side, is Emo Inn; and opposite to it, on the right, Emo Park, the fine seat of the Earl of Portarlington. The plantations of this large demesne cover a great extent of the rising ground on the right, and tend greatly to relieve the bleakness of the flat, boggy country around. The demesne contains one of the most beautiful Deer Parks, and one of the best arti- ficial Jakes to be met. with. The mansion now in progress will, when finished, be one of the finest resi- dences in the kingdom. The Parish Church embosomed in wood, on the one hand, and the rude tower on what is called the Spirehill, rising over the trees, on the other, point out the extent of wood connected with this seat. This demesne includes Grove, the cottage of General Archdall. The village of Emo, which lies about two miles off the road, is also encircled by the demesne. A little beyond Emo Inn, to the left, on the cross-road leading to Stradbally, are the humbled ruins of Morett ; and a mile farther on the same side, is Heath House, Myles John O’Reilly, Esq. adjoining the Heath of Mary- borough where races are occasionally held. On the right of the road opposite to the Heath, are the ruins of Coolbanagher Castle; and near it, Shean Castle, the seat of Thomas Kemmis, Esq. But by far the most interesting and conspicuous ruins in this district, are those on the Rock or Dunamasr, which is situated about a mile to the left of the road, and not far from the Heath of Maryborough. ‘This rock, although in- sulated, forms part of a chain of low hills which spring from the flat lands near Athy, and run west towards Abbeyleix, and low though they are, serve to vary the monotony of the plain, through which the road from Monastereven to Maryborough lies. The summit of 138 NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. Farm, the neat cottage of J. R. Price, Esq. ; two miles further, also on the right, the ruins of Rush Hall, and on the same side in the plain which stretches along the base of Slieve Bloomer, are Larch Hill and Laurel Hill; and at five miles on our road the village of Borris-in-Ossory. Proceeding, at a short distance from this, we again cross the Norg, here an unimportant stream; and passing on the right Spring Hill and Raheen, at four miles from Borris enter the county of Tipperary ; at five, pass on the right the demesne and extensive distillery of Birch fill, William Henry Birch, Esq.; Corville, the Hon. F. A. Prittie, Esq.; and at six, reach ROSCREA, situated in a delightful part of the country, on the nor- thern verge of a neck of the county of Tipperary, and in the space lying between the Slieve Bloomer and Devil’s-Bit ranges of hills. It is a place of great anti- quity, having been raised to a bishoprick in the sixth century, and united with Killaloe in the twelfth. Some remains of the Cathedral may be seen in the west front of the old Church, executed in the beautiful style of the ninth century. Near it isa large stone cross, as well as one of the ancient Round Towers, and in another part of the town are the ruins of the Franciscan Friary. The old castle, built by the Ormonde family, and now attached to the Infantry Barracks, is a striking object in the centre of the town. The Church, Chapel, and various places of worship for Dissenters, are commodious ; as are also the Court-house, Market-house, &c. &c. The town is of considerable extent, and carries on a good deal of business in corn and in the retail trade for the supply of the town, and the populous rich district around. Five miles west of Roscrea, in the King’s County, is the village of Shinrone; and near it, is Cangert Park, the seat of Wm. Trench, Esq.; Curralanty, Richard Hammersly, Esq. ; and Gloster, Hardross Lloyd, Esq. Within two miles of Roscrea, is Goldengrove, Wm. P. Vaughan, Esq.; and Mount Heaton. NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. 137 of the hills, appear to unite with those of Cappard, the handsome residence of Joseph Pigott, Esq. and together form a considerable extent of forest scenery, along the sides of Slieve Bloomer. These hills rising from the low lands which surround Tullamore, and sweeping in circular outline to the neighbourhood of Parsonstown, are the principal features on the right of our road from Maryborough to Roscrea. One mile from Maryborough, close to the road, is the Inn of Boughlone; from this there is little to attract attention till we reach MOUNTRATH, which is situated midway between Dublin and Limerick, and watered by a rivulet falling into the Nore a little below the town. Mountrath carries on a little trade in the manufactory of cottons and worsteds ; and a good deal in the sales of the agricultural produce of the surrounding country. The town is large, and being in a central situation, and a point of great intercourse, from the numerous roads which pass through it, is well calculated for inland trade. Under judicious encouragement, it would speedily become a place of importance. To the left, on the banks of the Nong, (here a considerable river, being increased by the Detour and the Donnet, two streams which issue from the Slieve Bloomer hills,) is Donore, M. W. Despard, Esq. and on the right, Roundwood, E. Fs Sharp, Esq. Two miles from Mountrath, on the banks of the Nore, is the neat and respectably inhabited hamlet of Castletown. This small place, from the taste displayed in the erection and keeping of the cottages, forms a wonderful contrast with the villages along this line; and the corn mills on the banks of the Nore, augment its rural character, and give an air of industry and cheerful- ness at once perceived and felt as a relief to the prevailing nakedness and poverty of the surrounding country. A mile from the hamlet of Castletown on the left is New Park, James Smith, Esq. and on the right Westfield 140 NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. NENAGH, the second town in the county of Tipperary, and the best between the cities of Dublin and Limerick. The principal streets are well and regularly built. Except the ruins of the Castle, called Nenagh Round, little of its antiquities now remain. It contains the places of worship, and other public buildings necessary to a large provincial town; but none of them are remarkable. Being a military station there is a large Infantry Bar- rack. The town is situated in the centre of a rich and interesting portion of the county of Tipperary, near to the Nenagh river, and within a few miles of Lough Derg, one of the greatest enlargements of the Shannon. Dromineer, one of the Steam Company’s Packet stations, being within four miles of the town, gives it much of the advantages of the Shannon navigation. Two miles north of Nenagh is Richmond, Richard W. Gason, Esq.; at four miles, Ashley Park, George Atkinson, Esq.; and below it, towards the Shannon, Peterfield, Peter Holmes, Esq.; and Johnstown Park, the seat of Prendergast, Esq. Immediately around the town, and along the shores of the Lough, there are many handsome villas. Resuming our route to Limerick, we pass at a short distance from Nenagh, on the left, the highly improved farm of Wm. Bourne, Esq. and on the right, So/sboro, the seat of John Poe, Esq. At four miles, also on the right, Kilcoleman, Mrs. Finch; on the left Lissenhall ; rear it Ballintoher, and a little farther Tulla House, the residence of Sir Wm. P. Carroll. Our road now runs along the vale which is bounded on the right by the hills lying between the towns of Nenagh and Killaloe; on the left by those of the silver mines, and watered by the Kilmastulla stream. At seven miles is the hamlet and church of Kilmastulla; and a little beyond it, Birdhill, the residence of S. H. Atkins, Esq. Under the house, which occupies a very elevated site, and near where the roads to Killaloe and Newport branch off, there is a small Inn where Post-horses can NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. 139 Leaving Roscrea, the country is highly diversified by the verdant hills on the right, along which our road lies for the next ten miles. On the left, the country is flat and open, and stretches in one vast but partially broken plain to the Shannon. ‘Two miles from Roscrea, on the right, is Inane, the seat of Peter Jackson, Esq.; and adjoining it, Spruce Hill, the plantations of the Earl of Norbury. Three miles enter the King’s County, and passing Frankfort, the seat of J. F. Rolleston, Esq. at five miles reach the village of Dunkerrin. Four miles to the right of this is the village of Cloughjordan, near which is Sopwell Hall, F. Trench, Esq.; Castle Shepherd; Ballin, Robinson, Esq.; Northland, Sir Amryrald Dancer, Bart.; and Lettyville, Hall, Esq. Two miles from Dunkerrin we pass, on the right, Bushestown, Minchin, Esq. agreeably placed on the verdant rising grounds ; and nearly opposite to it, on the right, Greenhills, the seat of Minchin, Esq. At three miles reach the village of Moneygall, and at four Laughton, the seat of Lord Bloomfield, beautifully situated on the rising grounds which unite with the more southerly hills. The extensive improvements now in progress will add much to the appearance of this seat. Re-entering the county of Tipperary, the road now leaves the Devil’s-Bit range of hills to the left, and passing the wood of Kileroe on the left, and the ruins of Knockane on the right, reaches at three miles from Moneygall the village of Toomavara. Two miles from Toomavara, on the right, is Lisanisky, and on the left, Shanbally, Messrs. Sadleir ; and a little beyond the latter, Grenanstown, the residence of Count D’Alton. At four miles on the right, is Ballymakey ; beyond which is Beechwood Park Osborne, Esq.; Castle Willington, John Willington, Esq.; and Rapla, W.C. Crawford, Esq. Passing Riverstone, the handsome villa of John Bennett, Esq. and several neat cottages, we enter 142 NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. extend nearly half a mile; and offers not only an un- usual scene, but a spectacle approaching much nearer to the sublime, than any moderate sized stream can offer even in its highest cascade. None of the Welsh waterfalls, nor the Geisbach in Switzerland, can com- pare for a moment in grandeur and effect with the rapids of the Shannon. Nor is the river the only attractive object at Castleconnell: its adjuncts are all beautiful.”* The enumeration of the various villas in and around Castleconnell would exceed our limits ; but the principal seats are Hermitage, Lord Massey, on the left banks of the river, and directly opposite, Doonass, Sir Hugh D. Massey, Bart. The mansion houses stand immediately over the rapids ; and the woods of these beautiful resi- dences stretch along and clothe the river banks for a considerable distance. About two miles above the town is O’Brien’s Bridge, by which the Shannon is crossed ; opposite to the town, beyond the hill of Doonass, in the county of Clare, and on the cross-road from Limerick to Killaloe, are the hamlets Erina and Cloonlara. Two miles beyond the branch leading to Castle- connell, on the left, is Thornvale, the seat of General Bourke, and Richhill, William Howly, Esq.; and on the right, Mount Shannon, the seat of the Earl of Clare. This large and well-kept demesne runs down to the Shannon: and though its surface is generally flat, yet the extent and disposition of the plantations render it interesting, and, in many places, truly beautiful. The mansion is a fine residence both as regards its elevation and interior arrangements; and the gardens and offices are probably the best in this district of country. The whole is a proof of what may be accomplished by perseverance and good taste, even in what are naturally the tamest scenes. On the left, opposite to Mount Shannon, is Mul- * Inglis’s Journey through Ireland. NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. 141 be hired. The country for the next four miles is remarkably flat, bleak, and contains large portions of bog. This character prevails on the right to the shores of the Shannon, and on the left to the base of the high grounds surrounding Newport-Tip. This bleakness in the foreground is, however, compensated in the distance by the soft and beautiful outlines of the Keeper moun- tains on the right, by the Nenagh hills which we have just passed; and by the extensive mountain ranges:in Clare, beyond the Shannon. Eleven and a half miles from Nenagh we enter the county of Limerick, and at twelve is the branch to CASTLECONNELL, which lies about a mile to the right of the road, and close to the rapids of Doonass, one of the most beauti- ful parts of the river Shannon. It is greatly resorted to by the citizens of Limerick as summer quarters, and by the tradespeople on Sundays and holidays. CASTLECONNELL is a long, straggling town, consisting of a variety of Cabins, Cottages, Villas, Taverns, and Lodging-houses, suited to the circumstances of the different people who frequent it, as well to enjoy the beauties of the place, and to drink the waters of the Chalybeate Spa. The ruins of the Castle, once the seat of the O’Briens, Kings of Munster, rising on a detached rock in the town, form a very picturesque object. “The Shannon is here for more than a quarter of a mile, almost a cataract ; and this, to an English eye, must be particularly striking. It is only in the streams and rivulets of England, that rapids are found: the larger rivers generally glide smoothly on without im- pediment from rocks: the Thames, Trent, Mersey, and Severn, when they lose the character of streams, and become rivers, hold a noiseless course; but the Shannon, larger than all the four, here pours that immense body of water which above the rapids is forty feet deep, and three hundred yards wide, through and above a congregation of huge stones and rocks, which 144 NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. contains Irishtown and Newtonperry. The contrast between them is very striking. The principal part of the new town has been built within the last fifty years, and in consequence of its erection the old town has been deserted by all persons of property ; so that whilst the one in some places exhibits an appearance not in- ferior to the best parts of Liverpool, in the other little is to be seen but decay and misery. In the old town are the venetable Cathedral, founded in 1180, and the ruins of King John’s Castle. The Court-houses for the city and county, the city Gaol, and the infantry Barracks, are also in this quarter. The principal public buildings in the new town, are the county Gaol, Lunatic Asylum, Commercial Build- ings, Custom House, &c.; but it would exceed our limits even to enumerate the various Churches, Chapels, Meeting-houses, and public Institutions. The latter are on a large scale, and generally under excellent . management. Among them the Hospital founded by Sir Joseph Barrington, Bart. has already effected much good, and the public charitable Pawn Office attached to it, on the plan of the Mont de Pieéte, (the first which has been tried in these countries,) it is hoped will be productive of the most beneficial results. In the numerous public improvements in and around the city, we may notice Wellesley Bridge, lately finished, a beautiful structure, and the only one erected on this principle in Britain, from designs of the late Alexander Nimmo. Athlunkard Bridge, from designs of Messrs. Payne; and the renovation of the ancient structure of Thomond Bridge. Many, perhaps all the recent improvements are attributable to the exertions of the Right Hon. Thomas Spring Rice, and Matthew Barrington, Esq. We would recommend strangers to ascend the Tower of the ancient Cathedral, from which a fine view is obtained of the city, a large portion of the counties of Limerick and Clare, also the tortuous course of the Shannon—the Queen of British Rivers. NO. XXXII.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK. 143 chair, the residence of the Rev. J. Crampton; and three miles from the road, also on the left, is the hamlet of Barrington’s Bridge. Crossing the Mul- chair River, which falls into the Shannon, about a mile to the right, under the ruins of Castle Troy, and passing through the village of Annacotty, we enter the environs of the city, which are more remark- able for the fertility of the soil, than the improvements which have been effected. At twomiles from Annacotty, pass on the left the Race-course and ruins of New- castle; on the right, among the villas which lie along the Shannon side, Plassy, the seat of Monsell, Esq.; and at three miles reach LIMERICK, situated near the head of the estuary of the Shannon, and about sixty miles from the Atlantic. It is, in point of importance, the third city in Ireland; and the situ- ation makes it the capital of the west, as Cork is the capital of the south, and Belfast of the north. With the exception of a large Cotton Spinning Mill lately established, it possesses no manufactures, but has a considerable export trade in agricultural produce ;— seventy-five thousand tons of provisions being shipped from it annually; there are also a very large Distillery, and several extensive Breweries.—Vessels of 800 or 1000 tons can approach within four miles of the city— those of 300 cr 400 can unload at its quays; and by the inland navigation of the Upper Shannon, it com- mands a water communication with Dublin, and all the country along the course of the river, a distance, (exclusive of the estuary or Lower Sharnon) of about 180 miles. A large sum has been granted by Parlia- ment for the improvement of the quays, and the navigation of the whole course of the Upper Shannon, which, when effected, will add much to the commerce of the town. LIMERICK is divided into the Old and New Towns, which are separated from each other by an arm of the Shannon—the former is named Englishtown, the latter 146 NO. XXXIII.—DUBLIN TO THURLES. ber of handsome modern villas; and in addition to the older seats we have enumerated, are Killaskeane, James Willington, Esq.; Lloydsborough, John Lloyd, Esq.; and Ash Park, James Butler, Esq. The vil- lage of BorrisoLercs lies five miles to the right, in a charming part of the country, at the base of the fertile acclivities of the Devil’s-Bit hills. Near this village are Fishmoine, the handsome seat of Richard Carden, Esq.; Inch House, George Ryan, Esq.; and Dovea, John Trant, Esq. From Templemore our road lies through a tract varied with bog and rich lands,—the latter swelling occasionally into low rounded knolls. Within two miles of Thurles, pass on the left, Brittas Castle, Henry Langley, Esq. THURLES is an inland town, watered by the Suir, here a small sluggish river, and surrounded by a rich, flat, and populous country. Of late years the town, has very much increased both in trade and extent, for which its localities are highly favorable. It supplies an extensive inland district; and is also the market for its produce. There are a very spacious Roman Catholic Chapel, a large Roman Catholic College, two Convents —the Ursuline and Presentation, and a Monastery. In the three latter, schools are held for the education of the poor. There are a neat Church, Court-house, &c. also the ruins of several ecclesiastical and castellated buildings. Three miles west of Thurles is Farney Castle, Cap- tain Armstrong, and Castle Fogarty, the handsome seat of James Lennigan, Esq. ;—south of the town is Archerstown ; and Turkla, Valentine Meagher, Esq. oa 145 No. XXXIII.—DUBLIN TO THURLES. FIRST ROAD, BY JOHNSTOWN. SECUND ROAD, BY MOUNTRATH. Miles. Miles. Johnstown, as in No. XXII. 62 {| Mountrath, asin No. XXXII. , 47 Thurles * 8170|| Rathdowney . . - 73) 542 Templemore . : = 2) G35 Thurles. . 5 : - 9 | 724 THURLES, as noted in the table, may be reached either by No. XXII, or No. XXXII. By the first, the branches are either at Johnstown, or seven miles farther near the ruins of Borris Castle; the latter is within four miles of Thurles. With the exception of the Cork mid-day mail, there is no direct daily conveyance from Dublin along the first road; by the second, there is a coach direct on alternate days. About a mile beyond Mountrath, the road turns to the left, and at six reaches the small town of Rath- downey, which is situated near the source of the Erkin. To the left of the town are Ballyedmund, Richard Steele, Esq.; Zovally, Robert Fitzgerald, Esc. ; within a short distance, Middlemount, Knockfin, Mount Oliver, Castlegrogan, and near the latter, the Barracks of Donaghmore. The road from Rathdowney to Templemore crosses that portion of the Bog of Allen which runs from Borris-in-Ossory to Killynaule. We enter at four miles from Rathdowney, the county of Tipperary; at six pass on the left, Granagh; at seven, Castle Oyne, Henry Lloyd, Esq.; and crossing the infant Suir, reach the neat small town of TEMPLEMORE, which contains a large infantry Barrack, and a hand- some Church. The neighbourhood is rich and much improved ; and the environs beautified by the grounds of The Priory, the handsome seat of Sir Henry Robert Carden, Bart. The Devil’s-Bit hills, which are within a few miles of the town, add to the effect of the general scenery. Around the town are a num- L 148 NO. XXXIV.—DUBLIN TO TIPPERARY. inducements to its improvement. There isa handsome Church, a large endowed School, Chapel, and the usual public Offices common to a large country town. The beauty of the surrounding country has induced many to locate here. On the road leading to Cahir, at two miles from the town, is Spring House, the handsome residence of John Lowe, Esq.; at three, Banshaw Castle, the beautiful villa of E. O’Ryan, Esq.; and -at five, close to the hamlet of Banshaw, Lismacue, the old family seat of Wm. Baker, Esq. The highly varied woodland scenery produced by the plantations of the above demesnes for three miles along this line of road, is fully equal to any scene of the same character in the county of Wicklow. The Glen, as it is usually called; but which with more propriety might be termed the VaLe or AHERLO, may from its contiguity be included in the environs of Tipperary. It is about six miles in length, and on an average one and a half in breadth; bounded on the south by the Galtees which rise to an elevation of 2400 feet; and on the north by the Tipperary hills, whose height, though variable, is sufficiently high to characterize the valley. Though possessing none of the wildness and sublimity peculiar to the vales in extended mountain districts, it has a surpassing richness and grandeur, arising from the breadth and fertility of the valley; the verdant and softly towering outlines of the Galtees; and the prolonged woodland scenery of the opposite hills. The valley is watered in its whole length by one of the numerous tributaries to the Suir. The principal residences are on the left, or Tipperary side of the vale. At the lower end is Aherlow Castle, James A. Butler, Esq.; near the centre, Mewforest, the seat of James Dawson, Esq. ; and at the upper end near the village of Galbally, Riversdale, William Massey, Esq.; and Stagdale, Hon. G. Massey. Seconp Roap.—There are no public conveyances from Thurles to Tipperary by Dundrum; but post- horses and cars can be hired at Thurles.- The country Cady No XXXIV.—_DUBLIN TO TIPPERARY. WITH BRANCH TO PALLASGREEN, FIRST ROAD, SECOND ROAD, BY CASHEL. BY THURLES AND DUNDRUM. Miles. , Miles. Cashel, as in No. XXII. 79 || Thurles,asin No.XXXIII. | 79 Golda eb he eas 893'| Holycross Spi dee Mena ‘Tipperary «. « 7°. 2°89 8 Dundrum’s.. Pgh Fi 80 Branch to Pallasgreen 8 | Tipperary © [Ra tee 74 87 From Cashel, the only public conveyances are Bian- coni’s daily cars; but Post-chaises can be obtained. Three miles from Cashel is the village of GoLprEn, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Suir. Close to the village is Castle Park, the seat of Richard Creaghe, Esq. ; and about a mile to the right are the fine ruins of the Abbey of Rathassel. Lisheen Abbey, Sir J. J. Fitzgerald, Bart.; and Suir Castle, J. Robbins, Esq. are in the environs of Golden; and below the town about four miles, Azlmoyler, S. O’Meagher, Esq. On our road about two miles from Golden, on the left, is Thomastown, the seat of the late Earl of Llandaff, and now of his sister, Lady Elizabeth Mathew. The fine castellated mansion, the extent of grounds, sur- rounding scenery, and richness of the soil, the age and quantity of timber, entitle this demesne to rank with the first in the kingdom. The hamlet of Thomastown through which the road passes, now wears a dilapi- dated aspect. Near this is Kilfeacle, James Scully, Esq.; and three miles farther, the town of TIPPERARY, lying near the centre of the richest tract of lands in the kingdom. The fine boundaries of the con- tiguous and lofty Galtees which mark the horizon on the south, and the variety of surface produced by the lower hills form a delightful diversity of scenery. In point of extent and trade, the town is on a par with. Thurles; and its central situation between the towns of Limerick and Clonmel, together with the rich and beautiful surrounding district present many 150 NO. XXXV.—DUBLIN TO NEWPORT—TIP. seat of Lord Stanley; and at five enter the county of Limerick. Passing the hamlet Ulloe, at six miles on the left, is Castle Lloyd, H. Lloyd, Esq.; near it Newtown Ellard, and at eight the Post-office of Pallasgreen. On the right is Sunville, Thomas Kearney, Esq.; and a little farther Tower Hill, R. Lloyd, Esq: The latter place, from its extensive plantations and elevated site, is a conspicuous feature in the bleak plain in which it is situated. On the left, close to the road, and romantically situated at the commence- ment of the undulating grounds which run west- wards to Bruff, is Linfield, Darby O’Grady, Esq. The picturesque character of this old place is heightened by a rock of the trap formation, the pillars of which are distinctly seen through the trees from the road. The small village of PaALLAsGREEN lies about a mile to the left of the road. It contains a neat Parish Church, and is pleasantly situated among the beautifully wooded hills we have just noticed, and which are considered the best grazing lands in the county of Limerick. Derk, the seat of H. Considine, Esq. stands on the richest of these fertile hills; and from its situation commands an extensive view of the magnificent country around. No. XXXV.—DUBLIN TO NEWPORT-TIP. FIRST ROAD, SECOND ROAD, BY TOOMAVARA AND SILVERMINES. BY TOOMAVARA, NENAGH, AND BIRDHILL. Miles. Miles. Toomavara, as in No. XXXII. Nenagh. asin No. XXXII. | 743 Silvermines oi Wee Phas Birdhill . ; é SESS Newport-Tip . = ei) Newport-Tip : Bn eh) Tue first road by Toomavara and Silvermines, though leading to many seats, and through a country which possesses many interesting features, is from its hilly nature, unfit for public conveyances. It follows nearly a parallel course to the great Limerick road, and skirts the base of the Keeper mountains, The second road by Birdhill is the most convenient and level way for those going direct to Newport, as 693 165 853 NO. XXXIV:—DUBLIN TO TIPPERARY. 149 is extremely fertile, and the scenery agreeably varied by the hills which on the right sweep round from Borrisoleigh to Sliebh Phelim. Three miles from Thurles, on the banks of the Suir, is Hotycross ABBEY, one of the finest remains of the pointed style of architecture in Ireland, founded in the year 1182, by Donald O’Brien, king of Limerick. The abbey is said to have been erected in honour of a piece of the true cross which Pope Pascal the II., sent to Murtough, king of Ireland, in 1110, and this iden- tical piece is said to be in the possession of the Roman Catholic clergy of the place. In the abbey is the tomb of Lady Eleanor Butler, fourth Countess of Desmond. The extent of the ruins, the general outline, the beauty and exquisite workmanship of the towers and arches render it highly interesting to others than mere antiquarians. Near this, under the beautiful hill of Killough, is Gaile, the seat of Samuel Philips, Esq. Eight miles from Thurles, on the road leading from that town to Cashel, are Longfield, Richard Long, Esq.; and Ardmoyle, Thomas Price, Esq.; and_near the latter, on the road leading from Cashel to Dun- drum, is Killanure, the seat of William Cooper, Esq. Dundrum, the seat of Viscount Hawarden, is one of the largest and most extensively wooded parks in this part of the country. The scenery of the surrounding hills is beautifully broken and diversified by the plan- tations,—the flatness of the ground around the man- sion is compensated by the rising grounds to the right of the road. The mansion is a plain, large Gre- cian building, situated near a mountain stream, which runs through the grounds and falls into the Suir near Golden. Five miles from Dundrum, pass on the right, Grenane, the seat of Richard S. Mansergh, Esq.; and at seven reach the town of Tipperary. BRANCH FROM TIPPERARY TO PALLASGREEN. Two miles to the left is Roesborough, James Roe, Esq.; on the right, Sadleir’s Wells, William Sadleir, Esq.; at three on the left, Ballykistane, the handsome 152 NO. XXXV.—DUBLIN TO NEWPORT-TI?Y. road to Limerick. Four miles from Shallee turnpike, and a mile to the left, is Camaltha, the mountain seat of Lord Bloomfield. From the Lodge you command a view of the extensive improvements effected by his Lordship on this estate, and of the Keeper mountain, whose huge domical outline rising high above the sur- rounding hills, is not more remarkable from its altitude than from the verdure and smoothness of its surface. NEWPORT-TIP, so called to distinguish it from a town of the same name in Mayo, is pleasantly situated on the verge of the County of Tipperary, at the base of the hills we have just travelled over, and near the commencement of the plain which runs northwards to the Shannon. The Mulchair River which issues from the Keeper moun- tains, and falls into the Shannon below Annacotty, runs past it. There is a small Barrack in which a company or two of infantry are occasionally quartered. The town and surrounding country have been much benefitted by the Anglesey road which was made by Government a few years ago. It extends from Newport-Tip to Thurles, winding for ten miles through the Keeper and Sliebh Phelim mountains, and affords an easy access to the many beautiful and fertile tracts in that extensive highland district. Near the town are Castle Waller, R. Waller, Esq.; New Ross ; Oakhampton, Anderson, Esq. ; Fox Hall ; Mount-Philips, Wm. Philips, Esq.; Kiltean, Philips, Esq.; Mount Rivers; Ballymackeogh ; Ashroe, T. P. Evans, Esq.; and the ruins of Derryliagh Castle. Three miles from Newport, on the road leading to Abbington, is the village of Murroe, adjoining which is Capercullen, formerly a seat of the noble family of Carbery—all that now remains is the beautiful deer park. Close to this is Belvidere, the improving estate of Mathew Barrington, Esq. The wooded glen of Bel- videre is highly romantic. Five miles from Newport Tip, is the small village of Abington, part of the large estate of Lord Cloncurry. NO. XXXV.—DUBLIN TO NEWPORT—TIP. 151 the public coaches for Limerick pass within three miles of it. There is a branch also by Nenagh to Silver- mines, and thence to Newport by the first road. By the first road, at two miles from Toomavara, pass on the right Grenanstown, Count D’Alton, and on the left, five miles from the road, Castle Otway, the seat of R. Otway Cave, Esq. M. P. This extensive demesne is romantically situated among the beautiful fertile high lands which serve to connect the Devils Bit hills with the Keeper and Sliebh Phelim mountains. At four miles, on the left, is Moneyquill, P. Going, Esq.; at five Trevorstown, the seat of Thomas Going, Esq. ; opposite to it, on the right, Debsboro, John Bayley, jun. Esq.; and at six Kilboy, the seat of Lord Dunally. The road runs through the centre of Kilboy; the spacious mansion and beautiful home grounds lying to the right. On the left the park extends to the base of the hills, where it unites with the most beautiful scenery. Some of the largest Oak and Ash trees in this part of the country are here, and the demesne contains the richest lands in the fertile plain in which it is situated. Adjoining Kilboy is the village of Silvermines, so called from having been chiefly occupied by the work- men employed in raising and preparing the ore. The mines, after a long suspension of operations, are now worked; and the quantity and quality of the lead obtained are such as afford every prospect of success. A little beyond Silvermines, on the high grounds to the left, are the ruins of Dunally Castle; and a mile further Shallee Turnpike. To the right, is the villa of Green Hall, White, Esq. In ascending the high grounds which commence here, we obtain a view of the PLAIN around Nenagh, a part of Lough Derg, and the mountains we referred to in our descrip- tion of the road from Nenagh to Castleconnell. We would recommend all those who take any interest in the topography of the district, to ascend any of the hills on the left, from whence they will at once see the various leading features we have enumerated in this and the 154 NO. XXXVII.—DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. Maig, and on the banks of the Cammogue is Grange, Thomas O’Grady, Esq. A little beyond the village on the left, are some extensive and curious Druidical circles, one forty-five yards in diameter, consisting of upwards of sixty large upright stones, one of which is thirteen feet high, seven broad and four thick, another fifty yards in diameter, consisting of seventy-two smaller stones, and the last seventeen yards in diameter, composed of fifteen large rocks standing erect. Near this is the old Castle of Ralinstown. About three miles below Grange, on the Cammogue, are the ruins of the once famous Abbey of Manister Neany, generally called Manister-na-Maig, one of the most remarkable monastic edifices in Munster, both in its structure and history ; and near the abbey, Manister, the seat of J. Heffernan, Esq. At nine, romantically situated among the low hills to the left, is Lough Gur: it is four miles in circumference; and on the islands and along the bold banks are several interesting ruins. From Knockfennel, the highest of the hills in this group, you command a view of the greater part of the county of Limerick ; and of the numerous old castles, seats, and detached hills, which diversify the rich plain around. On the right of the road is Caher House, Hon. Standish O’Grady ; and adjoining it, Rockbarton, the fine seat of Viscount Guillamore. The small town of Brurr, which contains a neat Church and large Chapel, lies on the river Morning-Star, another of the tributaries to the Maig, which latter bears the waters of this district to the estuary of the Shannon. Above the town is Avlballyown, the seat of D’Courcy O’Grady, Esq. adjoining the conspicuous and fertile hill of Knockaney; three miles east from the town, is the large village of Hospital, well known for its horse and cattle fairs. Kenmare Castle, the residence of J. Gubbins, Esq.; Ki/frush, the seat of Joseph Gubbins, Esq. and Elton, T. O’Grady, Esq. also lie about four miles south-east of the town. One mile below Bruff is Camus, M. Bevan, Esq.; at three, Castle Jevers, Robert H. Jevers, Esq.; and not far from it in 153 No. XXXVIL—DUBLIN TO CAHERCONLISH AND PALLASGREEN. BY LIMERICK, 106 MILES. Miles. Limerick, as in No. XXXII. 94 Caherconlish . . ‘ wear LO Pallas Green . . . - 5 106 Tue villages of Caherconlish and Pallasgreen lie a little to the right of the road leading from Limerick to Waterford ; and although Pallasgreen has been noticed as abranch from Tipperary, No. XXXIV, yet it is more easily reached by Limerick. The environs of Limerick through which we pass are but little adorned. About a mile to the right of the six mile stone lies the village of CAHERCONLISH, surrounded by the low but beautifully verdant hills which form a pleasing contrast to the pre- vailing flatness of this district of country. Near the village is Caherconlish House, the handsome residence of Wilson, Esq. Passing at four miles Linfield, on the right, and Tower Hill on the left, at five reach Pallasgreen—The last three places have been noticed more at length in No. XXXIV. No. XXXVII—-DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. BY LIMERICK, BRUFF, AND KILMALLOCK. FIRST ROAD, 115 MILES. Miles. Limerick, as in No. XXXII. 94 Bruft 5 A ps 5 - 12) 106 Kilmallock : z : . 4/110 Charleville r F . Ae SUITS Tue road from Limerick to Charleville, lies through the greatest breadth of what is usually called the Golden Vale—the greatest length being from Cashel to Charleville. Three miles from Limerick, on the left, is Cahirnary, Crips, Esq.; and at five, Ballyneguard, the residence of John Croker, Esq. ; the extent and beautifully varied surface of this fine seat cannot fail to attract notice. Adjoining this de- mesne are the ruins of Williamstown and Rockstown Castles, and a little to the west is Friarstown. At seven miles is the Cammogue stream, one of the feeders of the 156 NO. XXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. and an Infantry Barrack. The principal street, through which our road lies, is well laid out; and contains some good houses. The town lies in one of the valleys which traverse the great mountain chain stretching westwards from this to the sea at Valentia; and eastwards with the single interruption of the Blackwater to the sea at Helwick Head. North of the town is Drewscourt, F. Drew, Esq.; to the south, on the road leading to Cork, are Castle Harrisson, Henry Harrisson, Esq.; and Newtown demesne. West of the town is Guibbon’s Grove, and on the road to Liscarrol, the villages of Annagh and Churchtown. No. XXX VII.—DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. BY TIPPERARY AND KILMALLOCK. SECOND ROAD, 109 MILES. Miles. Tipperary. as in No. XXXIV. 87 | Kilmallock et fee) eae man LOS Charlevilleyiy Autre > me . pris 109 Tuts line, though six miles shorter than the preceding, is not travelled by any public conveyance, nor are the roads of the best description. It passes through a very rich though generally bleak country, having the Tip- perary and Castle Oliver Hills on the left. Three miles from Tipperary, on the right, are the ruins of Dame?’s-court, and near it the village of Emly, once a Diocesan seat. At four, Moorefort, the conspicuous seat of Maurice Crosbie Moore, Esq.; and on the left, Ballywire, Bolton Massey, Esq. These beautifully situated demesnes contain some of the richest of the fertile lands in this district. The ancient village of Galbally lies three miles to the left of Ballywire, and near this is Castle Creagh, Bennett, Esq. At eight our road enters the county of Limerick, near which is the demesne of Castle Jane; at ten the detached fertile hill of Knocklong ; passing Elton, Mount Coote, and Kilmallock, all noticed in the preceding road, we reach at six miles from Knocklong, Charleville. NO. XXXVII.—DUBLIN TO CHARLEVILLE. 155 the dreary flat tract, are the conspicuous castellated ruins of Rathcannon. Passing Newtown; Green Park ; the ruins of Bulgaden Hall on the left: three miles to the right is the village of Bruree, near which is Rockfield; Ballyteigue, Cooleen, Mason, Esq.; and Hardingrove, Harding, Esq. we reach KILMALLOCK, built by the Earl of Desmond, and demolished during the wars of the commonwealth; the ancient walls, gates, and houses, as well as the ecclesiastical and civic ruins which are scattered around, will recall its former gran- deur and prosperity. As there is but little business carried on in this small place, it has a desolate aspect, but possesses great interest for the antiquarian and lover of the picturesque. The principal ruins are the Abbey now used as the Parish Church, and the interesting remains of the Dominican Friary. In the latter is the tomb of Fitzgerald the White Knight. The Cammogue stream runs close to the town. Adjoining the town is Ash-hill, the seat of Eyre Evans, Esq.; about a mile on the left is Mount Coote, the seat of Chidley Coote, Esq.; and near. it Fairymount. In the Castle-Oliver Hills which lie a little south of the town, is the village of Kilfinnan; near it Spa Hill, Oliver, Esq.; and a little farther, on the road leading from Limerick to Cork by Kildorrery are the remains of Castle Oliver demesne, once a fine mountain seat of the Oliver family, who still enjoy large pos- sessions in this district. West of Ardfinnan, on the side of the Castle Oliver hills, is the village of Ardpatrick, where there are the ruins of an ancient Round Tower. At four miles from Kilmallock, enter the county of Cork, on the confines of which is CHARLEVILLE, a large and respectably inhabited inland town, situated on the great road leading from Limerick to Cork, and carrying ona considerable retail trade in the supply of the rich surrounding country. At the large weekly markets a good deal of country produce is disposed of. There is a large and handsome Chapel, a neat Church, 158 NO. XXXIX.—DUBLIN TO COVE. place; and at all times is a favorite retreat for the citizens of Cork. In times of more active commerce, it occasionally exhibits a good deal of bustle ; and as a fishing and pilot station, it has long been of much im- portance. Cove is irregularly built,~and possesses no good streets ; but is susceptible of much improvement ; and from the beauty and salubrity of its localities, might soon be rendered a place of great resort. ‘ The Great Isuanp, on which Cove is situated, is about four and a half miles long by two and a half'broad. It is approached, as already noticéd, by a bridge thrown across the narrow tideway which separates it from the Island of Foary; and: on the west and east ends, by ferries. Near the latter, is Bellegrove and Cuskina ; the north side of the island we have noticed i ingegnnec: tion with Foaty under XXI. From Cork to Cove by Passage, you Boe by the suburban hamlet of Douglass, anal along that arm of the estuary of the Lee which forms the southern boundary of the peninsula of Black Rock, and also of the Little Island. Among the various handsome villas which are passed on either hand, we regret that our limits prevent us from noticing more than Mary- borough, the handsome seat of Newenham, Esq. close to Douglass, and a little beyond it, Oldcourt, the extensively wooded seat of Sir George Goold, Bart. The small seaport town of Passacr, where heavy. laden vessels, bound for Cork, are occasionally relieved of part of their cargoes, is about five miles from the city ; and a little beyond it is the beautifully situated hamlet of Monkstown, around which are many delight- fully circumstanced villas. But, in order to see ‘this lovely vicinity to advantage, as well as all the environs on this side of the city, we would strongly recommend the traveller to proceed from Cork to Cove by the estuary of the Lee, which stretches out into magnificent arms of several miles in length, and is bounded on all sides by high and finely varied banks, covered with the well wooded lawns and pleasure grounds, connected 157 No. XXXIX._DUBLIN TO COVE. FIRST ROAD, SECOND ROAD, BY CORK AND PASSAGE. BY GLANMIRE AND FOATY. Miles. Miles. Cork, as in No. XX. 126 |] Glanmire Drawbridge 123 Passage . c - 5] 131 || Foaty . q 3 on Gre l29 Cove 3 5 - 3 | 134 |] Cove : ° ay 0S P1384 Cove is approachable on land only by Foaty; hence this is the most direct and convenient way for carriages and horses. Those travelling by the public coaches routes No. XX. or XXI., wishing to proceed to Cove by Foaty, will, if by No. XX., arrange to have a conveyance to meet them at Glanmire drawbridge, which is within three miles of Cork; or, if by No. XXI., hire a vehicle at Middleton. Cove is also reached by Castle-Martyr, Cloyne, and the East Ferry; but the road is hilly, and the ferry inconvenient. The general and readiest mode of proceeding to Cove is by Cork and Passage. Along the shore there are numerous conveyances to Passage, and in summer a Steamer plys daily to and from Cove, and Cork. The town of Cove is delightfully situated on the south side of Great Island; and from its naturally terraced streets, commands a view of the harbour and adjacent banks. From the more elevated parts, particularly from the high grounds over the town, the best view of this magnificent harbour is obtained, together with its narrow and picturesque entrance, guarded on the east by Cariiste Fort, on the west by CamsBpen Forr; the ocean beyond; Spike Island, covered with its Battery and Barrack; Hawl- bowlin, with its Dockyard and Naval stores; and the rich surrounding shores studded with villas. When, under favorable circumstances, this prospect is obtained in connection with numerous vessels in full sail, sweep- ing along under the influence of a light breeze, it is, perhaps, equal to any marine scene in the empire. Cove, though of considerable extent, carries on little trade. In summer it is greatly frequented as a bathing 160 NO. XL.—DUBLIN TO KINSALE. KinsALe stands on the side of a steep hill, and like most old sea-coast towns, the streets and houses were huddled together, for the sake of protection from the adjoining fortress. Many of the streets are still narrow, dirty, and difficult of access. Under a plan of improve- ment, suited to its peculiar locality, this place, however, is capable of being rendered singularly beautiful. It contains the various places of worship, and offices, common to a considerable seaport town; and, from the cheapness of provisions, and salubrity of climate, is respectably inhabited. In the bathing season the numbers are greatly increased, both in Kinsale and the well circumstanced adjacent villages of Cove and Scilly. With all the advantages of a fine harbour, Kinsaur carries on but little trade. Its contiguity to Cork, and the transfer, some years ago, of the naval depot and stores to Cove, have injured it in this respect. A little is done in the import of coal, and the coasting trade; but the principal marine establishment is the fishing. Between four and five hundred boats, of about twenty tons burthen, are constantly employed in this business, and afford an ample supply to the markets of Kinsale, and Bandon, assisting considerably that of Cork. KINSALE is easy of access, numerous public con- veyances regularly plying to and from Cork. The country, coastward of the town, is bleak, poor, and but little adorned. Up to Innishannon it is naturally beautiful, well cultivated, and enlivened by the nu- merous villas, and other improvements, along the river banks. Along the coast many of the cliffs exhibit that boldness of outline which characterize the more south- erly shores. The singular landslip called the Doona, consisting of nearly two acres, is connected with the main land by a passage about five feet wide, of great height, and some local celebrity. It is four miles south-east of the town, and near Kinure point. The old Head of Kinsale, which forms the southern boun- dary of the bay, is well known to mariners. NO. XL.—DUBLIN TO KINSALE. 159 with the handsome seats which rise successively to view as the vessel glides along the graceful windings of this, the most beautiful of our inland bays. About four miles from Passage, on the south-west extremity of Cove harbour is Carrigaline Bay ; on the eastern. banks of which, is Ballybricken, the seat of D.:Connor, Esq.; on the north side, Hoddersfield, the seat ‘of Colonel Hodder; near the head of the bay is neler, the handsome residence of Wm. H. W. oe Esq. ; and on the coast, near Roberts’ Cove, ape Sir Thomas W. Roberts, Bart. The direct road to the ve demesnes is by Douglass and the Village of Carrigalme, which lies near the head of the bay of that name. The country through which this road runs, is, undulating, of a middling quality, and beyond the dimits of the seats noticed, but little improved. The coast, however, from Carrigaline round to Kinsale, is bold, and presents many interesting features to those fond of marine scenery. No. XL.—DUBLIN TO KINSALE. BY cork, 186 MILES. Miles. Cork, as in No, XX. 1 Kinsale +) eae ial 136 THE ancient seaport town of KinsaLe may almost be considered as a part of the environs of Cork. The road leading to it being for a considerable distance common to Bandon, is noticed fully in our next _Youte. Kinsale is situated on the estuary of the Ban- _ don river, about two miles from the mouth of the bay. to which all vessels must pass. On this Fort there are a strong battery, and very extensive barracks, in I The harbour, though much smaller than Cove, is re- markably, compact and secure; its long, deep, and bold entrance being protected by Charles Fort; close which a garrison is maintained. 162 NO. XLI.—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. cotton spinning, blue dying, tanning, and flour grinding. As the Bandon river is navigable for small vessels to within four miles of the town, by it timber, coals, &c. are easily obtained, and a convenient outlet afforded for corn and other produce of the district. There is nothing remarkable in the history or construction of the various places of worship and public buildings. The town was founded by the celebrated Earl of Cork, incorporated by James I, and is now the joint estates of the Duke of Devonshire, and the Earls of Shannon, Cork, and Bandon. The Duke of Devon- shire, proprietor of the old town, with his usual liberality has effected several important improvements. The vicinity is highly adorned by the well-wooded demesne of Castle Bernard, the seat of the Earl of Bandon. The mansion is a handsome modern Grecian building; the park is watered by the river; and the undulations of the ground rising in various forms and degrees of acclivity, are finely covered with trees of different ages. Adjoining is The Farm, the residence of Captain Bernard, on which he has built a handsome Gothic villa; Mayfield, Poole, Esq.; Richmount, Sealy, Esq.; Mount Pleasant, &c.&c. The river banks, the culture of the soil, and appearance of the farm-houses, add greatly to the beauty and respectabi- lity of the neighbourhood. The fine country and good husbandry, however, do not extend far beyond Bandon; small ill cultivated farms, poor cabins, and a bleak though varied country prevail from this to Bantry. About six miles from Bandon, near the coast, on the road leading to the long promontory, the point of which is marked in the topography of the district, as the old head of Kinsale, are Garretstown, Thos. C. Kearney, Esq.; and Coolmain, E. Stawell, Esq. Seven miles from Bandon we cross the Arrigadeen river, leaving the small town of Timoleague a little to the left. The town lies near the western extremity of Courtmacsherry strand—sloops can approach the town and lighters sail 161 No. XLI—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. FIRST ROAD, 182 MILES. BY CORK, BANDON, CLOGHNAKILTY, ROSSCARBERY, AND SKIBBEREEN. Miles. Miles. Cork, asin No. XX, 126 Rosscarbery i 63 | 158 Bandon . - 152 | 1414]| Skibbereen . eo PLO aa a tOS Cloghnakilty . . .10 |1522|] Bantry. . | 1S AES? THERE is something very imposing in the great western outlet from Cork;—the magnificence of the County Court-house; the extent, solidity, and characteristic sternness of the County Jail; the spacious approach, which holds a parallel course with the shaded Mardyke walk; the suburbs, mingled with trees, rising on the high banks of the Lee, and the beautifully shaped fertile country around, give to this side of the city a distinct- ness and grandeur of character very different from what is usually met with. As we proceed, the country, though naturally fertile and considerably improved, presents little that requires particular observation till we reach the small town of INNISHANNON, which is pleasantly situated on the Bandon, here a tidal river, and navigable for vessels of considerable burden from Kinsale. A little is done in the bleaching and linen trade, and the neighbourhood is much improved and adorned by the villas which lie along the river banks, for a considerable distance above and below the town. The well-wooded seat of Mr. Adderly adjoining; and Shippool, William Henry Herrick, Esq. are the more conspicuous places. Banpon, one of the largest, best built, and most respectably inhabited district towns in the county of Cork, is also situated on the same river. It is a well regulated town, a military station, and returns a mem- ber to the imperial parliament. Beyond the usual retail trade common to a large inland town, it carries on a little business in the manufacture of linen, camlet, M 164 NO. XLI.—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. side. A little to the north of the town is Cahermore, the residence of Thomas Hungerford, Esq.; and near it the old house of Banduff. The country beyond Rosscarbery is highly picturesque ; and, as Mr. Inglis observes, the heads of the deep winding, wooded, inlets of the sea, which the traveller crosses, resemble, in some degree, Norwegian scenery. A little beyond the town, on the right, is Derry, the residence of the Rev. H. Townsend; on the left, Downeen Castle, Richard Smyth, Esq. At five miles we reach the harbour of Glandore, at the head of which is The Leap, where the small hamlet and demesne of the same name are ro- mantically situated. At seven, about two miles to the left, is the demesne of Castle Townsend, the fine seat of Richard Townsend, Esq. which stands prettily on the narrow arm of the sea called Castlehaven harbour. The village of Castle Townsend is also beautifully situated, respectably inhabited, and resorted to as a bathing place. The small Custom-house for the adjoining port of Baltimore, is here. SKIBBEREEN is situated on the Ilen, which is navigable from Baltimore to within half a mile of the town. It is a very brisk, thriving place; and carries on a good retail trade, for which it is well circumstanced, being the last town of any importance in this the most southern corner of the island. There are several large Flour mills anda Brewery ; an extensive Roman Catholic Chapel; and many improvements in progress. About a mile above Skibbereen, on the road to Bantry, is Hollybrook, Richard H. Beecher, Esq. ; two miles below the town, pleasantly situated on the Ilen, is Newcourt, Beecher Fleming, Esq.; at three, Creagh, the villa of Sir Wm. Wrixon Beecher, Bart.; at the same distance, but more easterly, Affadown, Henry Beecher, Esq.; and near it, not far from Roaring-water bay, Whitehall, Samuel Townsend, Esq. The country from Skibbereen to Bantry, although it gradually increases in altitude and ruggedness, presents few interesting features. It is a poor, partially reclaimed district composed of alternate NO. XLI.—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. 163 up the narrow tide river, beyond it. With all these advantages, joined to a good situation, it is a place of no importance. The ruins of the large Abbey of Timoleague. adjoin the town; near it is Couwrtmac- sherry, the marine villa of the Earl of Shannon; Kilbritain, S. Stawell, Esq. ; and Barleyfield, Jonas M. Sealy, Esq. Below the town are the ruins of Abbey- mahon. CLOGHNAKILTY is situated at the head of the bay of that name ; and, although in the proximity of the ocean, derives but little advantage therefrom, in consequence of the accumulation of sand at the mouth of the channel. Small vessels, however, can, with difficulty, reach the quay—and from this port, corn and a con- siderable quantity of potatoes are shipped for Dublin. Formerly a good deal was done here in spinning yarn and in the manufacture of coarse linens ; these branches of trade, however, have declined in common with those in many towns in this quarter. The country immediately around the town is much improved. Proceeding, we pass on the left, Kilkerrin, the residence of M. Galwey, Esq.; about three miles from Cloghnakilty, also on the left, Castlefreke, the handsome residence of Lord Carbery, commanding a view of Ross bay, and the various projections from thence to the Toe head. The coast along the southern boundaries of the demesne is interesting, singularly varied, and in some places, as at Galley head, very bold. The country on either side of the road becomes much more agreeable as we near ROSSCARBERY, which stands on an eminence at the head of a narrow creek of the sea. The small ancient town and its Cathedral encircled with trees, together with the wooded banks of the bay, have a striking effect. It was formerly the seat of the Bishop of Ross, previous to the union of that diocese with Cork. The road leaves the principal part of the town a little to the right ; the Post- office, Inn, Court-house, and Corn-stores, are on the road 166 NO. XLI.—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. marked contrast to Ballylicky cove, in the bold, naked steeps which form its long, narrow, and winding recess. Adjoining is Ardnagushill, the seat of Arthur Hutchins, Esq.—from various parts of this prettily situated demesne, extensive views of the bay and surrounding scenery are obtained. The agriculture immediately around Bantry is some- what improved; and great inducements are held out for the further reclamation of the waste lands, by an abundance of the richest coral sand which various parts of the bay afford. Banrry BAY, from the town to the ocean, is in length about twenty-five miles, the breadth, including theislands, from six to eight. The principal islands are Bear and Whiddy ; the former stands near the mouth of the bay, and lifts its cliffs against the prevailing storms. Its. surface is rocky and coarse; its length about six miles ; and lying near the western shore, forms the capacious and sheltered harbour of Bearhaven. Whiddy Island is near the town, and presents an easy flowing fertile surface. It is about three miles in length, from one to a quarter in breadth; and maintains about 450 inhabitants. Whiddy contains the forts erected for the protection of the bay, and an old castle of the O’Sullivans. The other islands, Chapel, Horse, Hoy, and Rabbit, are very small. The bay of Bantry, with its surrounding hills and mountains, presents, from the more favorable points of view, one of the noblest prospects which this country affords. The best view s from Knuck-na-fiach. From this you command the entire of Bantry bay, with its division Bearhaven, together with the mountains of Glengariff, and that vast mountain range which lies between Bantry and Kenmare. Northwards, the Priest’s Leap mountains, and the more prominent high lands around Killarney. On the south Dunmanus bay, and all the country and coast, for many miles eastwards of Bantry. NO. XLI.—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. 165 patches of heath, rock, and inferior soils; the variety and undulations of the ground, however, afford some relief to the poverty of the surface. The approach to Bantry in some degree compensates for the bleakness of the last twelve miles. Sweeping round a narrow creek, the margin of the bay is reached, —and keeping its waters on the left, with the plantations of Seacourt on the right, we soon reach the town, which is situated at the head of the celebrated bay bearing its name, almost surrounded by hills of con- siderable elevation. Although the harbour is large, safe, and commodious, with the exception of the fishery, little, if any trade is carried on ; but under a judicious and moderate outlay, might be rendered a place of general resort in the bathing season, and the retail business much increased. A wide arm of the bay runs into the town, and a new road to Glengariff; will shortly be commenced which will connect Bantry with Kenmare and Killarney, by a very interesting route. The immediate environs of Bantry present many objects worthy of particular notice—on the south side, the mansion of the Earl of Bantry, encircled with its small but prettily situated park, containing in the more sheltered places, some handsome trees, together with the fragments of the old Abbey and its surround- ing cemetery. On the east the more respectable houses which occupy the heights, are backed by the hill of Knucknafiach. On the north, along the shores of the bay, about one mile from the town, are the Cascade and picturesque cove of Dunemarc, where the Moyalla falls from a height of twenty feet into the sea. Near this, on an elevated spot at the rere of Gurtenroe house, is the best central view of the bay. A little further along the shore, the harbour of Ballylickey, which receives the Ouvane on the banks of which are Zaharan, and Bally- lickey, S. and E. Hutchins, Esqrs.; and near the entrance, the ruins of Rindisart Castle. Beyond this, is the estuary into which the Coorloum pours its waters. The channel of this stream is rugged, precipitous, and offers a RE A a A alte RF 168 NO. XLIII—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. still remain some ranges of natural woods. Though, in a country rather remote to encourage much hope of its becoming a town of any importance, the convenience of fuel and water renders it an eligible site for manufactures on a small scale. The old family demesne of Sir Richard Cox, Bart., adjoins the town. The country north of ‘it is very rocky; and in a craggy ridge, called the Yewtree Rock, is one of the oldest and largest Yews in this part of the country. From this to Bantry is wild, bleak, and hilly, but considerably improved, as regards travelling by the line of road which has been lately made. Six miles from Dunmanway is the village of Dromaleague, where the cross-road branches off to Skibbereen; on the left of which is Butler’s-Gift; and on the right, the ruins of Castle Donovan. Three miles beyond this, on the left, is the Murdering Glen; and at six, the town of Bantry. No. XLUI.—DUBLIN TO BANTRY, THIRD ROAD, 1753 MILES. | BY MACROOM AND INCHAGEELAH, WITH BRANCH TO GOUGANE BARRA. Miles. Miles. Cork, asin No. XX. 126 }| Glen of Kaim-an-eigh 8 )161 Macroom RTOs - 203) 1462)) Bantry . e 12}1733 Inchageelah . . = . 7 (1532 Tuts road branches off the leading line from Cork to Killarney and Tralee, at Macroom; and, except by tourists, visiting Gougane Barra, is not more travelled than the preceding one by Dunmanway. The public conveyances only bring the traveller as far as Macroom ; from thence he must hire a conveyance direct to Bantry, there being no intermediate stages, where he can obtain a relay of horses. We leave Cork by the great western outlet described in No. XLI. and keep along the right bank of the Lee. A little beyond Ballincollig the road divides, one branch keeping to 167 No. XLII—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. BY CORK, BANDON, AND DUNMANWAY. SECOND ROAD, 171 MILES. Miles. Bandon, as in No. XLI, 1413 Dunmanway oh Met Ldeetoo Bantry: oss. sas 472" 0 ae Pigs ste bi Tuis road is nearer by eleven miles than the preceding ; but there being no direct conveyance, it is not so generally travelled; nor are the roads so good. The country along the river banks for nine or ten miles above Bandon is interesting—beyond that, it is hilly and bleak. The preceding line leading along the coast, through the principal towns, is generally preferred, by those who are anxious to see the country, and avoid the expense of posting. A daily car runs from Cork to Dunmanway by Macroom; but as there is no Inn, nor relay of horses at Dunmanway, it would be better for tra- vellers to proceed by the early coaches to Macroom, and there hire a conveyance direct to Bantry. Leaving Bandon, the road keeps for several miles, near the river Bandon the banks of which adjoining the town are highly improved. In the vicinity are Mountpleasant and Kilmore ; at six miles, close to the river, we pass Palace Anne, the seat of Arthur B. Bernard, Esq. ; at seven reach the village of Inniskeane, which is pleasantly situated on the flat and fertile tract which stretches along the river banks from Bandon. A mile beyond the town on the left, is Phale, Daniel Connor, Esq.; at two on the right Fort Robert, Feargus O’Connor, Esq. One mile farther, to the right of the latter, is Kenith Tower. From this the country is hilly and devoid of interest till we reach DUNMANWAY, which stands near the head of the Bandon river, on a small flat, watered by the three streams forming the source of that river, and encompassed by lofty hills, in the glens and hollows of which there 170 NO. XLITI.—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. and beautified by the Lee and Sullane, both above and below their confluence; and enriched by the numerous seats along their banks. Adjoining the town is Macroom Castle, the seat of Robert Hedges Eyre, Esq. It is one of the old Irish baronial castles, erected in the reign of king John, was burnt in 1641, and afterwards rebuilt by the Earls of Clancarty. It has been lately repaired and furnished in the most perfect manner, preserving at the same time its rude external outlines. Its walls are completely covered with common and varie - gated ivy, &c. in this way it exhibits one of the most stri- king and beautiful ivy-mantled structures imaginable. The castellated gateway is in the town, the handsome grounds, in which are some fine old trees, stretch along the river banks for a considerable distance. Adjoining are the villas of Ashgrove, Richard Ashe, Esgq., the seat of Massey, Esq. with several other small seats. A little beyond Macroom, the wild, hilly country commences, and continues without inter- ruption to the neighbourhood of Bantry. The road to Inchageelah lies between the Lee and Sullane rivers, leaving on the right the demesnes of Macroom and Ashgrove, and the ruins of Dundererk Castle. Passing Carronageelough and Carronacurragh, we reach, at seven miles, the small village of Inchageelah, west of which, are the lakes Allua and Gougane Barra—two enlargements of the river Lee—Gougane Barra its | source, and Allua an expansion below it. The latter is within one mile of the village of Inchageelah. It is about three miles in length, its breadth in many places so inconsiderable, as to give it the appearance of a large river. The beauty of this lake has been impaired by the destruction of the woodlands which skirted its shores, and covered its islands. Gougane Barra lies about six miles above Inchageelah—is about one mile in length, half a mile in breadth, and occupies a deep circular basin open to the east, environed by lofty mountains, whose perpendicular but rugged sides rise from the waters of the lake. It is a remarkably NO. XLIII.—DUBLIN TO BANTRY. 169 the left bank of the river; and rejoining on this side of Macroom. _ BALLINcoLLIG may be considered as part of the environs of Cork ; and the country thus far is agreeably varied, rich, well cultivated, and adorned by nume- rous villas. It is a neat little place on the river Bride, which falls into the Lee, a mile below the town. It contains a small Cavalry Barrack, the Depot for the police of the province of Munster, and the only gun- powder manufactory in this district. The various neat houses and offices connected with these establishments ; Leemount, Thomas Gollock, Esq.; and the other villa plantations on the Lee River banks, give an air of cheer- fulness and comfort to its vicinity. The old castle of Ballincollig lies a little to the left. From this to Macroom the country maintains its beauty and culture, and is farther enlivened by good farm-houses and hand- some villas. About six miles from Cork, are the hamlet, church, and chapel of Ovens; and adjoining, is alime- stone cavern of some interest. At nine, on the left, are the ruins of the Abbey and Castle of Kilcrea; and at ten, Ryecourt, the seat of John T. Rye, Esq.; beyond which are Crookstown, Robert Warren, Esq.; War- vens-grove, the demesne of John Warren, Esq.; and Shandangin, Rev. Somers Payne. At sixteen miles from Cork, is Warrencourt, the handsome seat of Sir Augustus Warren, Bart. The road again approaches the Lee keeping along its right bank, till we reach the old town of MACROOM, which stands on a neck of land formed by the confla- ence of the Lee and Sullane, on the banks of the latter river. It is of considerable extent, and the dis- tance from Cork or any other town of note, renders it well circumstanced for inland trade. The weekly mar- kets are large; and its proximity to the extensive boggy tracts affords a good supply of fuel. The town is strag- gling, and contains no public building worthy of notice. The country around, which is naturally fertile, watered 172 NO. XLV.—DUBLIN TO GLENGARIFF, ETC. cipally noticed as being the best harbour in the numerous sea bays, along this part of the coast. Although in the time of James I. a borough town, governed by a sovereign and burgesses, it is now a poor village. It lies near the mouth of the harbour of the same name, within six miles of the island of Cape Clear, well known to mariners as the most southern part of the Irish coast, and to geographers in their calculations of the length and breadth of our island. Cape Clear is three miles long, one and a half wide; of poor land—some of which is elevated and rocky, and the part along the coast sterile from the incessant warring of the waves. It contains no turf for fuel, and is miserably cultivated. The inhabitants, amounting to 900, are in a very primitive and wretched state, and eke out a precarious livelihood between fishing and the cultivation of their little spots of ground. ‘The women contrive to manu- facture avery coarse species of frieze for clothing. There is a Roman Catholic Chapel and resident clergyman on the island. ‘Those who enjoy marine scenery on an extensive scale will, at Baltimore, find ample employ- ment for several days in the examination of the bold and infinitely varied coasts, the numerous islands, and endless bays lying in the wide expanse of waters, between the Stags of Castlehaven and Mizenhead. No. XLV._DUBLIN TO GLENGARIFF AND CASTLETOWN. FIRST ROAD, BY BANTRY, 198 MILES. Miles, 171 182 198 Bantry, asin No. XLII. Glengariff 5 1] Castletown i aa a6 GLENGARIFF lies at the head of that narrow arm of the sea, which branches off the northern end of Bantry bay, and is marked on the maps as Glengariff harbour. It has from the grandeur of its natural beauties become, among tourists, a great resort, and holds a distinguished NO. XLIV.—DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. 171 wild, gloomy spot—indeed it is difficult to suppose any place possessing those features in a_ stronger degree. On a wooded islet are the ruins of the hermi- tage of St. Finbar, founder of the Cathedral of Cork, and solitary devotion could not have chosen a more appropriate spot. In addition to the permanent and striking features of this singular place, a wonderful effect is produced after rain, when the numerous rills fall in cataracts down the mountain sides. It has long been a place of pilgrimage, the principal resort being in summer. The road from Inchageelah to Gougane Barra is very rugged and suited only to pedestrians. The mountain road leading from Killarney, by the Priest’s Leap, is not far from Gougane Barra. From Inchageelah to the Pass of Kaimaneigh, the road, winding among the heath clad mountains, presents a succession of wild though - rather monotonous features. The Pass of Kaimaneigh is about a mile and a half in length, and is a part of the road from Macroom to Bantry, which was formed through a winding, deep, and narrow rocky defile. It is, perhaps, one of the most singular and picturesque things of the kind in Ireland, well worth a journey to see its precipices, cliffs clothed with ivy, and here and there the Holly and Yew, interspersed through the masses of rock. Having cleared the defile, the road continues along the mountain sides, and reaching the open country, passes on the banks of the Ouvane, the ruins of Carriganassig Castle. Joining the Glengariff road, described in XLV. we proceed along the bay to Bantry. No. XLIV.—DUBLIN TO BALTIMORE. BY CORK,- BANDON, AND SKIBBEREEN. 1742 MILES. Miles. Skibbereen, as in No. XLI. 168 Baltimore eb aes eal 174 BALTIMORE, a village of little importance, is prin- : ; 174. —- NO. XLV.—DUBLIN TO GLENGARIEF, ETC. tained of the harbour, its numerous small islets, the chief of which is Ganish, crowned with a mar- tello tower, and of the mountains which (properly compose Glengariff. The grounds are laid out with considerable taste—some advantage has been taken of the numerous creeks and coves for planting ; and as a proof of the mildness of these delightful recesses, many of the more tender trees and shrubs dip their ample foliage into the waters of the bay. Not far from the Castle, close on the shore, is Glengariff Inn, where ponies, cars, and boats can be hired; two miles further, is the Lodge of the Earl of Bantry, romantically situated at the head of GLENGARIFF, OR THE CRAGGY GLEN, which is about three miles in length, and very varia- ble in breadth. It is encompassed by lofty mountains, whose varied and picturesque outlines form the visual barriers from every part of the valley. At the head of the Glen, about two miles from the Lodge, is the cliff, called the Eagle’s nest, near which are two small mountain lakes, whence issues the stream which waters the valley. The soil of the lower grounds is in many places deep bog, but susceptible of culture; little in this way, however, has been done, except im- mediately around the small cottage in which Lord Bantry occasionally resides. The road which traverses the Glen is suited only to pedestrians. In noticing the almost unrivalled wildness and picturesque character of this place, it is impossible to omit the sylvan beauties bestowed by the natural woods—among them, the Yew, and Arbutus, though not so abundant as at Kil- larney. We regret that where nature, as it were, woos one to assist, so little has beendone in a place calculated to receive the finest traits of park and forest scenery, without losing sight of the higher, nobler, and ever > enduring impressions here naturally existing. In this range of mountains, which occupies the entiré | peninsula lying between Bantry and Kenmare bays, the more imposing features are Ghoul, or, as it is called, , NO. XLY.—DUBLIN TO GLENGARIFF,ETC. 173 place in the fine scenery of the empire; but contains nothing even approaching to the character of a village— a solitary Inn, Police Barrack, the Lodge of the Earl of Bantry, and Glengariff Castle, the seat of Simon White, Esq. being the principal domestic edifices in its locality. It is usually visited by tourists either going to, or re- turning from, Killarney; but the only direct road in which we can notice it consistently with our plan, is on the present line, leading to the small remote village of Castletown—the most distant post station from Dublin. As good, safe boats can be hired at Bantry, travellers often cross the bay from thence to Glengariff—a distance of only nine miles. In this way the views by contrast are more striking—the bay stretching out to the ocean on the one hand, the bold picturesque coast, with its nu- merous creeks, its rugged rocks, and back ground of lofty mountains, on the other. Castletown can also, be reached by water; the distance is only sixteen miles, but, unless in fine weather, boating is not advisable. The road from Bantry to Glengariff lies along a range of hills which spring from the bay, and unite with the northerly mountain ranges. It sweeps round the heights and dells, generally covered with underwood ; doubles numerous indenting inlets of the bay ; some of them open, others having the appearance of detached lakes ; crossing in its progress the Moyallagh, Ouvane, and Coorloum rivers. The road is extremely hilly and ill suited to vehicles of any kind.’ A level line, however, has been laid out along the shore, which it is hoped will soon be made. As we have noticed in detail the prin- cipal features along the road and coast under the environs of Bantry in No. XLI. we have little further to notice till we reach GLENGARIFF CASTLE, the seat of Simon White, Esq., a fanciful structure, situated on the rising grounds over the water. From various parts of the demesne, good views are ob- 176 NO. XLVI.—DUBLIN TO MALLOW, ETC. have just briefly noticed. Castletown offers many advantages as a halting place to those who wish to visit Bear and Dursey Islands, and the bold scenery along the coast to Kenmare. On the main land, near the shore, opposite to Bear Island, stood the celebrated fortress of Dunboy, which was taken by Sir G. Carew, in 1602, after an obstinate resistance. No. XLVI—DUBLIN TO MALLOW, KANTURK, AND NEWMARKET. BY MITCHELSTOWN, KILDORREKY, AND DONERAILE, WITH THE BRANCHES FROM DONERAILE TO BUTTEVANT, LISCARROL, AND CASTLETOWN-ROCHE. Miles. Miles. Mitchelstown, asin No. XXII. | 101]] Mallow « « 531163 Kildorrery . « . 4{105{) Kanturk : - 92 0 Doneraile Me ee tOn LLU) (Newmarket, Gay We Patrickswell . ot rs htol Prag Abbeyfeale . Bike | 124 Adare A . «4.3 | 102 Castle-island . 11 | 135 Rathkeale . - .« 6]108}{| Kiilarney . ei 1 | 147 This is the most convenient way of reaching Kil- larney from Dublin. By the mail the journey is performed in twenty-one hours; but for those who are anxious to see the ‘country the entire way, and enjoy a night’s sleep, the day coach to Limerick will be preferable. From Limerick to Killarney there are two daily conveyances—one the mail coach, the other a well-appointed four-horse car. For the first twenty-four miles the road runs through a flat and rich country, and for the greater part of the remainder of the way through a part of that hilly dis- trict which stretches from the Shannon to the Black- water, and which has been generally noticed in our description of the country around Newmarket in the preceding page. Except the rich but miserably cultivated country, and the poor ruins of Mungret Abbey, there is little to notice, till we reach the straggling village of 184 NO. XLVIIL.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. Deel. The town from its situation has a pleasing rural appearance; and this character is augmented by the old trees which adorn the demesne of the noble proprietor, the Earl of Devon. The castle which was neatly fitted up as a residence by the late Lord Courtenay, is a part of the old buildings of the Knights Templars. The neat Church also built by his Lordship, adjoins these ruins. Newcastle is a good market town, and supplies all necessary commodities to a large mountain district. To the left of the town are Rathcahill, Browne, Esq.; Ballintubber, and Gardenfield. Five miles from the town, on the cross-road leading from this to Mallow, via Liscarrol, is Ballydonnell ; at six, Springfield Castle, the seat of Lord Muskerry; near it, Glanduff; Robert Stevelly, Esq.; Mount Plummer; and at seven, the village of Drumcolloher. Proceeding from Newcastle, we leave Upton to the right, and at two miles the upland district referred to in the commencement of our route begins. In ascend- ing by the new road which winds along the slopes of the hills, the eye ranges over one of the most extensive fertile plains in the kingdom. This plain reaches, with little interruption on the south, to the Castle Oliver hills; on the east to the Sliebh Phelim, and Galtee mountains; and on the north to the Clare hills beyond the Shannon: and in this fine but wretchedly cultivated district, except the larger towns, there is scarcely an object on which the eye can, with pleasure, repose. The numerous low clay huts, exactly the colour of the soil, afford no relief; and the widely scattered seats appear as mere specks on the surface of the im- . mense space. In the autumnal months, however, when the various corn crops are ripening, this bald, though from its extent, sublime scene, is enriched by the golden colours of the waving grain. Having gained the required height, the road for the next fifteen miles winds at easy inclinations along the round heath-clad hills, and rough sedgy valleys, which, with some exceptions, form the high moorland tract lying between Newcastle and Castle-Island. Nearly the whole of this immense NO. XLVIIL—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 183 Returning to our route—about two miles beyond Adair on the right is Clounshire, the residence of Col. John Dickson, and near it Ballinvirigh. Four miles is the village of Croagh, near which are the ruins of Amigan Castle, with Smythfield, and the tall ruins of the ancient Castle of Cappa on the right, and Ballyline at the left of the road. The country is flat and poor around this, until we reach RATHKEALE which is situated on the right bank of the Deel, and the best town between Limerick and Killarney. It is a mile in length, contains many good houses and shops ; and has a good retail trade. Near the town on the left is Beechmount, Thomas Lloyd, Esq.; and beyond it Mount Brown, J. S Browne, Esq.; The Wood, Fitzgerald, Esq. At four miles on the same side, the village of Ballingarry ; and near it Grove, the seat of Odell, Esq. Beyond the village of Ballingarry, are Odelville, Odell, Esq. and Glanwiiliam, Massy, Esq. Near Rathkeale on the fertile banks of the Deel, and to the left, are the old castle of Viscount Southwell; Stone- ville, J. Massy, Esq.; and at three miles, Nantenant, Thomas H. F. Royse, Esq.; Altavilla, J. Bateman, Esq. ; and Riddlestown, Gerald Blennerhassett, Esq. The country to the south of Rathkeale is diversified by the range of hills which run west from Croome to Ballingarry, of which Knock Firine is the more con- spicuous ; and on either side of the road towards New- castle the land is uniformly of excellent quality. At two and a half miles from Rathkeale, close on the road to the right, is Reans; about two miles from the road on the same side, is Eimhill, the seat of Ion Studdert, Esq.; the ruins of Liosnacoille Castle; and on the side of the rising grounds a little beyond the village of Ardagh, Glenville, W. Massy, Esq.; on the left, are the ruins of Ballylinan Castle, and Knockaderry. The town of Newcastle is situated in the centre of the richest part of the fertile country we have just travelled through, and is watered by a beautiful stream which ripples through the town in its progress to the 186 WO. XLVII.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. the fertile spreading valley of Tralee, at the head of which is the small town of CASTLE-ISLAND, formerly one of the principal places in Kerry. Of the Castle, built by Geoffrey Maurice, Lord Justice of Ireland in 1226, a part still remains. The town was for some years back, suffered to become very much dilapidated ; but it is now in process of repair. Though near Tralee, it is well circumstanced for retail trade ; and it is also convenient, as the first stage from Kil- larney to Limerick. Several streamlets unite a little below the town, and form the head of the river which falls into the bay at Castlemaine. The country varies in its character and appearance as we leave Castle-Island, and presents a succession of mixed tillage, rough pasture, barren heath, rock, and wooded glen—a mile and a half of the latter occurring, and which is uncommonly pretty, before we reach the high grounds overhanging the town of KILLARNEY, which is situated a mile and a half from the Lower lake, on the flat tract of land which stretches along its northern and eastern shores. The town mainly consists of two good streets, off which branch several poor lanes and alleys. The outlets, and some parts of the principal streets are respectably inhabited, many being induced to locate here from the beauty of the vicinity. In the summer and autumn, from the influx of strangers, the town presents a gay and animated appearance ; but during the spring and winter months it is very dull—no business beyond the retail trade of the surrounding poor district being carried on. There is a venerable old Church, a commodious Roman Catholic Chapel, a Nunnery, two Free-Schools, two Reading Rooms, and what will be of more importance to the traveller, two good Hotels—the Kenmare Arms, and King’s Arms, . where boats, ponies, guides, and every other requisite to seeing the lakes and adjacent country, can be supplied. Surrounding the town is the extensive demesne of the noble proprietor, the Earl of Kenmare. Below the town, the home and pleasure-grounds reach to the NO. XLVIL—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 185 district, though generally speaking, susceptible of culti- vation at a comparatively easy rate, lies in a state of waste ; and though the more fertile and accessible parts are undergoing reclamation, the general aspect is desolate. As we proceed, there is little to relieve the eye, except here and there a spot of verdant meadow along the banks of the Ulla, which in its progress to the Feale, follows generally the line of our road; an oc- casional farm-house, and Goulburn-Bridge across the Ullane, till we reach the village of ABBEYFEALE, situated on the Feale, and so named from the Abbey- ruins on the river banks. Below the village are the ruins of Purt Castle; and at five miles, well situated on the Feale, is Riversdale, David Mahony, Esq.; the country along the river banks is fertile and consider- ably improved. ‘ Two miles from the village, we cross the Feale by the Wellesley-Bridge, a little above the confluence of the Owbeg. Here the bleakness of the prevailing scenery is relieved by the union of several mountain vallies, each bearing its tributary stream to the Feale; and some cause for gratulation afforded, in the con- sideration of the benefits conferred on this district by the two lines of road lately made by the government, which here meet—one we are now travelling—the other crossing from Listowell to Cork. Although the country generally maintains its wild and hilly character, as we proceed, we meet with extensive breadths of improved farms; and more particularly on the estates of Lord Headly, where much good has been effected in the improvement of the country and tenantry by a judicious outlay on the part of his Lord- ship. On emerging from this dreary upland district, _the great highland ranges of Kerry rise to view ; and, in descending by the long traverses which the road makes, to gain an easy rate of declination, we enjoy in the distance, not only the mountains in all their bold and majestic outlines, but, immediately underneath, 188 NO. XLVII.— DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. and where boats and ponies can be obtained. Situated close to the shores of the middle lake, near the base of Mangerton, and not far from Turk waterfall, this Inn is very conveniently situated for visiters. At four miles we reach Turk waterfall, close to the road on the left ; and on the opposite side of the road is Turk Cottage, the residence of H. A. Herbert, Esq. Admission to see the Fall is obtained by application at the adjoining porter’s lodge. The road now winding round the lake side of Turk mountain, discloses at every step some new and beautiful combination of mountain, rock, forest, and lake scenery; at eight miles reach the lane which leads to Hyde’s Cottage and Derrycunehy water- fall. This fall is quite distinct from Turk, in its character, position, and accompaniments. Both are interesting and well worthy a visit. Returning to Killarney, and proceeding along the road to Caherciveen, at one mile we pass Prospect, the seat of the Hon. Thomas Browne; at two, on the heights to the right, are the ruins of Aghadoe Church, Castle, and Round Tower, from whence one of | the best views of Killarney is obtained ; and near them, on the same side, is Aghadoe House, the splendid villa of Lord Headly. About four miles from the town, on the left, near the Lane, the great outlet from the lake, is Gena, the residence of John O’Connell,‘ Esq. Be- yond this, the road crosses the river, and a branch from it leads to the Gap of Dunloe, passing the old Castle of M‘Carthy More; Dunloe Castle, Daniel Ma- hony, Esq.; Beaufort, F. W. Mullens, Esq. M.P.; and Lakeville, James O’Connell,’ Esq. Six miles from Killarney commences the Gap oF Duntoe. It is a deep, rugged, narrow valley, of about three miles in length, lying between Macgillicuddy’s . Reeks, and the Tomies, or Purple Mountain. The rocks which form the broken sides of the above mountains, in many places rise boldly from the bottom of the valley to the height of eleven hundred feet, presenting many wild and interesting combinations. There are several small deep lakes in the valley, whose dark sullen waters tend to augment the wild character of the scene. At the ‘he bo A Be pens co fh , YEO ee Fie tet! of ot PP AS Fre Fe FA NO. XLVII.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 187 shore; above it, the deer-park occupies the surrounding heights. The mansion is a plain old building, close to the town; and the pleasure-grounds attached furnish a good specimen of the old style of gardening. Adjoining the high grounds above the town is Park, the residence of Daniel Cronin, Esq. | The environs extend for a considerable distance on either side of the town. Proceeding by the Kenmare road, at one mile we cross the Flesk, on the right banks of which is Flesk Priory, the villa of J. Stuart Coxon, Esq.; andon the left, on the heights, Coltsman’s Castle, J. Coltsman, Esq. forms a conspicuous feature. Beyond the Flesk, on the lake side is Cahernane, the beautifully wooded seat of Herbert, Esq.; and close to it, Castle Shine, the residence of Denis Shine Lalor, Esq. Among the numerous villas on the left hand of the road, are Southhill, John Leahy; and Danesfort, Colt- hurst, Esq. About two miles from Killarney is the hamlet and demesne of Muckruss, the seat of Henry A. Herbert, Esq. The far-famed abbey of Muckruss, founded in 1440, and re-edified in 1602, is in this de- mesne. The ruin is not remarkable either for extent or beauty of workmanship; but its preservation, se- clusion, beauty of situation, and accompanying vene- rable trees, render it one of the most interesting Abbey remains in Ireland. In the centre of the still beautiful cloisters an aged yew-tree lifts its massive trunk of ten feet in girth, thirteen feet high, throws its fantastic arms across the broken parapets, and, by its sombre shade, adds to the prevailing gloominess of the scene. The demesne of Muckruss, embracing the peninsula which separates the Lower and Middle Lakes, stretches along the eastern shores of the latter, containing part of Turk mountain and waterfall. A commodious plain cottage is the only residence yet erected. As regards situation, this seat is the first around Killarney; the grounds presenting such natural features and capabili- ties, as are no where else to be met with. A little beyond Muckruss is the hamlet of Cloghereen, in which a comfortable Inn has been lately fitted up; _ THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY Macartly Mores\\ . | Coury | Published. by William Curry Junt & €° y x oe > a ¥. Set SS Sein ed ne” Spe my . 2 ao ony a Feel ovis’) ep ed feataalent r) 190 NO. XLVII.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. communication. The Upper Lake is fed by various mountain streams, one of which forms in its descent the fall of Derrycunehy, the other flows out of several small lakes in the adjoining dark valley of Commeedhuv, _ passing under what was called Lord Brandon’s Cottage. The Mrppte Laxs, in addition to the surplus waters of the Upper, receives the overflowings of the Devil’s Punch Bowl. and other streamlets from Mangertor, which in one body are precipitated over a high ledge of rocks, a little above Mr. Herbert’s cottage, and form the Turk cascade. The Lower Laks is also supplied by the Muckruss river, and the Flesk, the latter falls into it about.one mile from the town, and is the only river of any importance which runs to Killarney. It bears along all the streams running into the long valley of Glen Flesk. The Deanagh river also discharges its waters a little to the west of the town; and on the south side, among the mountain rills, may be particu- larised the largest, which forms O’Sullivan’s Cascade. ~ The only outlet is at the north-west end of the Lower Lake, where all the surplus waters, in considerable volume, are discharged by the river Lane into the sea, near the head of Castlemain harbour. Although there are twenty-four named islands in the Lower Lake, all of which the guides point out, there are not above four worthy of enumeration, and of these, only Ross and Innisfallen are entitled to any particular © description—the others being merely masses. of pro- truding: rock. Ross Isuanp contains one hundred Trish acres, and is connected with the main land by a causeway and bridge. In summer the morass over which the bridge and causeway are formed, is dry; but in winter, Ross is isolated. On this island, near the shore, stands the ruins of Ross Castle, which held out so obstinately against the English in 1652. Close to it is the principal harbour on the Lower Lake. The island forming part of the Earl of Kenmare’s demesne, abounds with natural wood, and is kept in the highest order, with walks and drives laid out to shew the prin- cipal features of the Lake, and the beautifully varied shores. NO. XLVII.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 189 head of the Gap of Dunloe, which is about nine miles from Killarney, is Comme-dhuv, or the black valley, a sequestered, desolate hollow, surrounded by some of the finest mountain scenery. The footpath to ‘he Upper Lake lies along its eastern side—we repeat otpath, as at present, no carriage can proceed further snan about half-way up the Glen of Dunloe. As the weather is not always suited to boating; and there are many whose time and inclination do not admit of that mode of conveyance, we would recommend, under the most favorable circumstances, all who wish to see Killarney, to make themselves acquainted, before going on the water, with the relative positions and bearings of the Lakes and surrounding scenery. . By applying at the beautiful western entrance to Lord Kenmare’s demesne, permission will be given to ascend Knockriar hill, which commands a fine view of the Lower Lake, its islands, and surrounding boundaries This view is obtained more fully from the high, ele- vated grounds near Aghadoe. Church. From the rock over Turk waterfall is a delightful view of the middle Lake, the peninsula of Muckruss, and adjacent moun- tains; but this scene may be had much more compre- hensively from Drumrourk Hill, which lies behind Cloghereen. Keeping the Kenmare road till we reach the Police Barrack, we enjoy in detail, the River, the Upper Lake, and the sublime surrounding mountain scenery. The Lakes or Kituarney are Lough Lane, Turk Lake, and the Upper Lake. Lough Lane is generally called the Lower, and Turk the middle Lake, although they are both on the same level. The Lower Lake has been calculated to occupy an area of five thousand statute acres, the Middle one thousand, and the Upper one thousand two hundred. The Lower anp MippiE LAkgs are separated by a narrow peninsula projecting from the main land at Muckruss, to within a short distance of Dinas Island. The Upper Lake is two miles from the head of the Middle Lake in a direct line ; and about three, following the windings of the river, which is the channel of do] "Merry oe . . £ # # Peutte ¢ “3 ore: - <*e z 7 192 NO. XLVII.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. climb to the summit of Mangerton, or any of the other higher mountain ranges; for unless the day is fine, the sky clear, and no scientific wish to be gratified, apart _ptrom the mere views, the traveller will be but poorly recompensed for his time and trouble. Besides, the OT J lakes and surrounding shores, under the most favorable circumstances, are not seen to advantage from such a ~“height—they appear as mere specks in the immensity of space. ‘The relative position of the different mountains and sea bays—in short, the topography of the surround- * ing country is however fully disclosed; and in this respect the views will amply gratify every admirer of natural scenery. The geography of the mountains, &c. which constitute the more remarkable features around Killarney, and which is rendered so difficult of comprehension by the confusion of names given to the different peaks and projections, may be thus simplified :— Standing on Knuckriar hill, in the west demesne, or on any of the more elevated grounds over the town, a chain of mountains about forty miles in length will be seen stretching from Millstreet past Killarney, towards Valentia. Beginning on the east with those more immediately connected with our present ob- ject, is Crohanne, a conical mountain, separated from Mangerton by a narrow glen; secondly, Mangerton, presenting an immense outline, and its northern sides broken by several crater-like hollows, the more remark- able of which are the Devil’s Punch Bowl, and the Glen of the Horse; thirdly, Turk, a conical detached moun- tain, separated from Mangerton by the valley in which the old road to Kenmare runs, and from the Purple mountain by the flat tract of land through which the river connecting the upper with the lower lake flows; fourthly, the Purple range, which lengthways stretches along and forms the southern boundaries of the lower lakes ; including, the lofty peaks of Glena and To- mies. In its breadth it occupies the space between the Upper and Lower Lakes, and the sides which bound the Upper Lake on the north are called the Long range. ‘This range is separated from Mac -NO. XLVII.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 191 INNISFALLEN ISLAND, within a short distance of the southern boundaries of Ross, is, in extent, about eighteen acres, and contains’a small banquetting house, and the ruins of an Abbey, founded in 600. Here ~ the Annals of Innisfallen, now in the possession of“ Trinity College, were composed in the fourteenth century. From the situation, variety, and beauty. of surface, its forest glades, magnificent single trees, ~ and thickets of shrubs, this island is, perhaps, the » most interesting of the numerous objects which _~ this region of wonder and beauty affords. It is the * most delightful of islands, and like Ross, forms an adjunct to the demesne of the noble proprietor. There are twelve small rocky islets enumerated in the Upper Lake, and although, individually, their size is trifling, yet they bear a fair proportion to the limited space of water by: which they are surrounded.—Small detached fragments of rock though they be, they have a surpassingly fine effect from the beautiful foliage which mantles them. The Lower and Middle Lakes, which, strictly speak-' ing, are one sheet of water, are bounded on the south by Turk mountain, which is backed by Mangerton; on the west by the Purple mountain, every peak and projection of which has a separate name, such as the ,« Tomies, Glena, the Minister’s Back, &c.; and onthe ~* east and north by flat shores, studded with villas. The Upper Lake lies at the south side of the Purple mountain, and is completely encompassed by it, and the still more southerly hills. i> The traveller who has time to spare, and whose; <:, feelings are alive to the beauties and sublimities of nature, will find ample employment at Killarney, even under the utmost economy of time, for at least six days. Those who are limited as to time, may visit the more, remarkable places, and obtain a tolerably correct idea < of the lakes and adjacent mountains in three days; but in not less than two days, with the utmost activity, can a correct knowledge even of the outlines of the general scenery be had. To see Killarney we do not think it necessary to KL£LE Z 194 NO. XLVIIL—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. arrange accordingly, availing himself of the various interesting points noted above as he proceeds. NO. Il. TWO DAYS’ TOUR. Should the arrival be by the Limerick or Cork roads, the first day to be employed as directed under No. 1. The second day to the ascent of Mangerton, and in surveying more leisurely the falls of Derrycunehy and Turk; the Abbey and grounds of Muckruss. NO. Ill. THREE DAYS’ TOUR. The first day we would recommend to be wholly devoted to the Lower and Middle Lakes and Islands. The second day to the Gap of Dunloe and the Upper Lake, dining, either on Dinas, Glena, or Innisfallen. The third to the ascent of Mangerton, and all the sce- nery connected with the Kenmare road. All these particulars are detailed at length under the references noted in No. 1. NO. IV. FOUR DAYS’ TOUR. The first three days as in No. 4. On the fourth, the ascent of Carran Tual, and those who have leisure will find ample employment for at least two days more in visiting the minor parts composing the general scenery we have merely glanced over, in our plans of route. In conclusion, we again recommend the traveller, in the first instance, to make himself acquainted with the general outlines of Killarney; this he can readily do, by reference to the map, and a few observations made from the higher grounds every where around, which will greatly simplify his arrangements, and free him from the confusion arising from the conflicting and marvellous stories of waiters, ostlers, fiddlers, bugle- men, boatmen, and guides. In the foregoing brief and statistical account our object has been to abbreviate and place in a tangible point of view, all that constitutes the scenery of Kil- larney, without even attempting to notice minutely the beauties of this enchanting region, referring for these amplifications and pictorial descriptions to our “ Guide to Killarney and Glengariff.” aes Lat Ste - o . NO. XLVII.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY- 193 Gillicuddy’s Reeks by the Gap of Dunloe; fifthly, the Reeks, which blend with the distant mountains running westward to Valentia. The highest mountains of this extensive range are Mangerton, 2550 feet, and Carran Tual, the loftiest of MacGillicuddy’s Reeks, 3410 feet. With a view to the economy of time, and to facilitate the arrangements of the traveller, we extract the follow- ing directions from the last edition of our “ Guide to Killarney and Glengariff.” NO. I. ONE DAY’S TOUR. To see Killarney in a general way, and the Gap of Dunloe. Supposing the traveller to have reached Killarney either by the Limerick or Cork roads, and intending to proceed to Glengariff by Kenmare, let him make ar- rangements the preceding evening to have a guide and pony ready in the morning for Dunloe, and a_boat to be in waiting at the head of the Upper Lake. Send some refreshment in the boat, and should the awakening of the echoes be an object, a bugleman may be selected as the guide. Arrange also to have a person to take back the pony from the valley of Comme Dhuv. For particulars of the road, and the lakes, &c. we refer to what has been already stated.. In addition, we recommend the traveller not to visit the falls of Derry- cunehy and Turk in his progress down the lakes, as they can be seen much more advantageously on his way to Kenmare, besides his time will not admit of these di- vergencies, as it will take four hours at least between Killarney and the valley of Comme Dhuv; and the remainder of thé day will be required for the lakes. We may add that a carriage can travel half way through the Gap of Dunloe. On the way to Kenmare the foi- lowing morning, Muckruss, Turk waterfall, Drumruark hill, and Derrycunehy fall, all in their order, can be visited. In the event of approaching Killarney by the Ken- mare road, and afterwards proceeding to Valentia, Tralee, Limerick, or Cork, the traveller will, of course, Oo 196 NO. XLVIII.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. MILLSTREET, which forms the only stage between Macroom and Kil- larney. It is situated near the Blackwater, and contains a few shops, a small Inn, and Infantry Barrack. Though the neighbourhood is surrounded by lofty hills, there is, nevertheless, a good deal of arable land; and along the Blackwater, some rich tracts. The principal colliery of the southern coal formation is within five miles of the town ; it is near the Blackwater, and close to Dromagh, the residence of Leader, Esq. Mount Leader, H. Leader, Esq. and Coomlagane, M‘Carthy, Esq. are near the town; and in the neighbourhood is Drishane, the well wooded seat of Henry Wallis, Esq. The crown lands of Pobble O’Keeffe, consisting of 9,000 statute acres, and which have excited much interest of late from the government works here car- rying on, lie about nine miles distant, and nearly midway between Millstreet, Castle Island, and New- market; and those interested in the reclamation of waste lands may visit the improvements from either of these towns. Four miles from Millstreet, the road enters the county ot Kerry, leaving the Monastery of Rathmore a little to the left, and for the greater part of the remainder of the way, lies through an irregular, boggy plain, having on the yeti the great western mountain chain which connects with Killarney, i in which the Paps are pre- eminent; and on the “Ref the vast bleak, hilly tract, running northwards to the Shannon. By the second road, at three miles from Macroom, the rich vale surrounding the town ends; and the hilly tract which, under various modifications, stretches almost uninterruptedly to Killarney, commences. The road holds a parallel course with the river Sullane, as far as the romantically situated hamlet of Ballyvourney ; to the right of which, and on the road branching off to Kenmare, is Knights Bridge, formerly a seat of the Colthurst family. A little beyond Ballyvourney we enter the county of Kerry, and proceed through the valley of the Flesk, having the companionship of its tortuous river, together 195 No. XLVITI—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. SECOND ROAD, BY CORK AND MACROOM. Miles. OR BY Miles. Macroom, asin No. XLIII. | 1463|] Macroom, asin No. XLIII. | 1463 Millstreet . : . 103] 157 |] Ballyvyourney . . 7 | 1532 Killarney - « « 1741 174211 Killarney . o) ayo) AGE] 1 70Ei KinLaArney being much more visited for its beauties than its trade and general business, we have deviated from our plan to bring together the various roads by which it is approached. By this road, though the dis- tance from Dublin is increased about twenty-eight miles, Killarney is as often reached as by Limerick, Cork and its environs affording many inducements to the man of business as well as the tourist. At Macroom, noticed in No. XLIII. the roads sepa- rate :—one, which is travelled by the Cork and Tralee mail, wa Killarney, runs through Millstreet ; the other on which the stage coach plys, by Ballyvourney, and through Glenflesk. The latter is much the more interesting road. We may here notice a central line from Cork to Millstreet, distance twenty-three miles, which is not generally travelled, nor are there any public conveyances on it. This road lies along the left banks of the Lee, passing, on the right, at four miles from Cork, the small town, and celebrated castle of Blarney, the seat of J. C. Jeffries, Esq. The demesne is well planted, and beautifully situated in a rich, verdant valley. On the top of the square tower which constitutes the castle, is the Blarney stone, which every one is expected to kiss; the embrace con- ferring on the kisser the power of flattering and com- manding belief. At six miles this road passes, on the left, Ardrum, the seat of Sir Nicholas Colthurst, Bart. 5 and for the next seventeen miles, being the distance to Millstreet, lies through a hilly, rough, and variously cultivated country. Returning to Macroom, we shall first notice the line by Millstreet, and secondly that by Glenflesk. The hilly, dreary country through which our road from Macroom lies, presents few matters for observation, till we reach the small town of 198 No. L—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. FOURTH ROAD, BY MALLOW, LEAVING OUT MILLSTREET. Miles. Mallow, as in No. XLVI. 1163 Killarney Bs . - - 29 {1452 Tus road from Mallow, leaving out Millstreet, has been lately opened up by the government, under the direction of Mr.Griffith. There is no public conveyance beyond Mitchelstown ; but post-horses can be had at the latter place and Mallow. We proceed along the last road as far as Roskeen Bridge ; but from that our way lies along the left or north bank of the Blackwater, passing the collieries of Coolclough, Dromagh, Dromi- nagh, and Clonbanin, which, though they do uot relieve the bleakness, nor improve the scenery in this hilly, naked district, will afford to many, some novelty and pleasure. We cross, and finally leave the Blackwater, at the bounds of the county of Kerry ; and rejoin the preceding road at Shanough cross, within ten miles of Killarney. King- Williamstown, on the crown lands of Pobble O’Keeffe, is about five miles distant from the point of junction. The road to it proceeds up the valley of the Blackwater. No. LI—DUBLIN TO KENMARE. FIRST ROAD, SECOND: BY CORK, MACROOM, aND BALLY- hat VOURNEY. BY LIMERICK AND KILLARNEY, Miles. Miles. Ballyvourney,asin No. XLVIII, |1533/| Killarney, as in No. XLVII.| 147 Kenmare é e . - 16]1693)| Kenmare ces « - 16] 163 By the first line the distance is a little increased, and the public coaches do not go nearer to Kenmare than Ballyvourney. Post-horses and carriages, how- ever, can be obtained at Macroom. By the second road a well-appointed mail-car starts for Kenmare on the arrival of the Dublin mail-coach at Killarney ; and post-chaises and cars are always ready at the different hotels. By this way, Kenmare is reached in twenty- five hours from Dublin. In the first road, by Cork and Macroom, we branch NO. XLIX.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. 197 with its numerous tributary streams for the greater part of the way. Being much more among the mountains, than in the preceding road by Millstreet, a greater variety of scenery is produced by the windings of the valley which discloses at every turn some new picturesque combination of heathy hill, rocky dell, and deep receding ravine. This district, from its inland shelter, and mixed surface, is admirably calculated for improvement by foresting ; yet the only appearances of this kind we meet with, are the plantations around the shooting lodge of A. H. Herbert, Esq. and the few trees about the cottage of O'Donoghue of the Glens. The poor patches of tillage, and the few, yet, in the scale of misery, too many huts along the road, tend, though in a small degree, to relieve the dreariness, which is characteristic of the scene. No. XLIX.—DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY. THIRD ROAD, BY MALLOW AND MILLSTREET. Miles. Mallow, as in No. XLVI. 1164 Millstreet ad es sh RIS | Killarney . Pattie « 1734 152 Tus line is convenient to many parts of the counties of Cork and Tipperary, and of course to the traveller visiting those parts of the country. But there are no public conveyances, except the mail car from Mitchels- town to Mallow, and, after crossing the country to Mill-street, the mere chance of a seat on the Cork and Tralee cross mail-coach via Killarney: From Mallow the general road is along the left banks of the Blackwater, as far as Roskeen Bridge. Its attrac- tive banks we have noticed in No. XLVI. At Roskeen Bridge, we cross that river, and proceed through a portion of the dreary Bogra mountains, till we reach Millstreet, where we join the preceding road. 200 NO. LI.— DUBLIN TO KENMARE. of the most interesting portions of the south of Ireland, and exhibit in its formation, the best specimen of road engineering in this part of the country. The Marquis of Lansdowne, who is proprietor of Kenmare and the principal part of the country im- mediately around, has a small lodge adjoining the town, in which his agent resides ; and it is pleasing to observe, from the numerous small, compact, slated farm-houses, with their surrounding enclosures, scattered along the hill-sides, that both the culture of the Jand and the condition of the tenantry are improving. The estuary is about sixteen miles in length from. the town to the sea. It inereases in breadth from two hundred yards to between three and four miles; and presents in its whole course the appearance of a mag- nificent river. _ Three miles from Kenmare, on the road lying along the base of the Dunkerrin mountains, which skirt the northern shores of the estuary, is Dunkerrin, the seat of Dr. Taylor ; beyond it, Dromore, the fine modern, castellated residence of the Rev. Denis Mahony; and at six miles, the river locally known as the BLACKWATER, which is crossed by a high picturesque bridge of two arches. This mountain river, which discharges a con- siderable body of water into the estuary, tumbles over a rugged channel at the bottom of a deep ravine, whose sides are fringed with copse wood. Here, and for several miles towards Lough Brin, whence the Black- water issues, the river scenery is uncommonly fine. Ten miles farther along the shore, is Derryguin, the seat of Mr. Bland; and beyond it the poor small village of Sneem. The road, for about four miles further, is tolerably good; but beyond that is not fit for car- riages. It lies along the shore, and presents several interesting views of the bay and its mountainous boundaries. On the old inland and mountain road from Kenmare to Cahirciveen, and about midway between Sneem and Darrynane, are the singular ruins of Steg- fort. They lie in a wild and dreary mountain valley ; are about 90. feet in circumference, and supposed to NO. LI.—DUBLIN TO KENMARE, 199 off at Ballyvourney, and, passing Knight’s Bridge, at four miles we enter the county of Kerry, and soon after reach the Kenmare river. Keeping along the river banks, for the greater part of the remainder of the way, we pass within four miles of Kenmare, Artilley, the seat of Orpen, Esq. The narrow valley through which the river flows, its banks inter spersed with underwood, relieved with an occasional stretch of verdant land, broken by small patches of tillage, produce an air of cultivation, and help to soften, in appearance, the asperities of the bleak and _ lofty mountain ranges. As we approach the town, the country becomes much more fertile and better culti- vated ; and the small, neat, improving town itself is pret- tily situated at the head of the estuary, or, as it is also called, the Kenmare river. There is a comfortable Inn, where post-horses and carriages can be obtained. A number of good two-storied houses have lately been built; and, from the new quay immediately under the town, several small shipments are occasionally made. The new road from this to Killarney, which we will notice in our next route, has added much to the im- provements of the town and neighbourhood ; and the road now in progress to Glengariff, will be of incal- culable benefit, and render Kenmare a central stage between that place and Killarney. This road, commencing at Glengariff, winds across the mountains which form the promontory between the bays of Bantry and Kenmare, and discloses. in its progress the beauties of Glengariff, together with the splendid scenery which the surrounding mountains, under various forms and combinations, exhibit. It rises at the rate of 1 in 20 toa height of 1000 feet above the level of the sea, passing, in its course, under three tunnels—one 600 feet in length, the others 84, and 45, and crosses the Kenmare river under the town, by a suspension bridge of 410 feet long. Independent of the advantages to the traveller as a means of com- munication, this road, in connection with the line from Kenmare to Killarney, will open up to the tourist one 202 NO. LIL—DUBLIN TO CAHIRCIVEEN, ETC. both. But, as before observed, the traveller is not bound to these poor conveyances, there being good posting in connection with the inns at Castle-Island, Killarney, and Tralee. We have here included Tralee, although there is no necessity of going within three miles of it, unless for a change of horses. Leaving Killarney, the first five miles, that is, to Beaufort, where the pass branches off to the Gap of Dunloe, have been noticed in our description of the environs of that town. For the greater part of the remainder of the way the country through which the road lies is poor, bleak, and cheerless. The scenery, however, which is composed of the towering and pic- turesque outlines of Macgillicudy’s Reeks, joining with the lower and less striking mountains of Iveragh, on the one hand, and the lofty Dingle mountains on the other, is hardly to be surpassed. Between Beaufort, the seat of F. W. Mullins, Esq. M.P., and Killorglin, we pass, on the left, Churchtown, the seat of Sir Arthur Blennerhasset, and Whitefield, Richard M‘Gillicuddy, Esq. The village of Killorglin is situated on the banks of the Lane, which empties itself into the upper end of Castlemain harbour. The Lane here, increased by the Lishaddin, is of consider- able breadth; its banks, though not bold, are high, finely varied, and their fertility, by contrast, afford an agreeable relief to the poor bleak land we have passed, along the base of the mountains. About four miles from Killorglin, and a little to the left of the road, embosomed in the mountains, are the lakes of Carragh, long known to anglers as affording excellent sport, but little to tourists, although exhibiting some of the finest and wildest scenery. The lakes are two, the Upper and Lower, separated by a narrow channel. They are, together, about four miles in length, and from many places, M‘Gillicuddy’s Reeks, and the bolder points of the surrounding mountains of Glencar, are displayed decidedly in their finest points of view. At the upper end the lake is supplied by the Blackstones river, which being navigable for about a mile, leads into the midst of the most interesting moun- NO. LI.—DUBLIN TO CAHIRCIVEEN, ETC. 201] have been used as a place of refuge and concealment by the hordes of pirates who at that time infested the coast. On leaving Killarney by the second route, we proceed along the very interesting mountain road lately made from that town to Kenmare. The first eight miles which we have noticed in our description of the en- virons of Killarney, exhibit as fine scenery as any where around that celebrated place. From the small castellated Police Barrack, lying about midway between the two towns, and which is a striking feature in the scenery, the road continues to ascend to a rocky defile called Comme-dhuv, on the summit of the ridge. In the ascent we command a view of the Upper Lake, and the greater part of the mountains in and around Killarney. Having cleared the small pass, we com- mence our descent to the opposite valley, and in our progress along the windings of the road, enjoy a view of the Dunkerrin mountains, lying westward ; the Caha, Miskisk, and Glengariff mountains to the south; and the Priest’s Leap mountain, with its connecting chain of hills stretching eastward to the valley of the Flesk. As we advance, the small town of Kenmare, with its solitary church spire, seems to occupy the centre of the dreary plain; above the town is seen the bleak, moory valley through which the river flows, and below it the Jong and beautiful estuary blending with the ocean. No. LIL—DUBLIN TO CAHIRCIVEEN AND VALENTIA. FIRST ROAD, SECOND ROAD, BY KILLARNEY. BY CASTLE-ISLAND & MILLTOWN. Miles. Miles, Killarney, as in No,XLVII. | 147) Castle Island, asin XLVII. | 185 Killorglin ‘ 10] 157|] Milltown é ws ae Plo @ahireiveen:s)/.6.) 2) S22 179M Killorglini 1st. 2h ba Vaientia 4 , 4 21 18)|) Cahirciveen ; ai) 22h 4176 Valentia aes se 7s From the termination of the Dublin mail-coach lines at Killarney and Tralee, mail-cars run to Cahirciveen, meeting at Killorglin, whence the road is common to 204 NO. LII.—DUBLIN TO CAHIRCIVEEN, ETC. forming the mouth of the Cahir river, are the walls of the humble birth-place of Daniel O’Connell, to the right of which is HMiligrove, the neat cottage of his agent, Mr. Primrose; a little farther the improving village of Cahirciveen; and two miles beyond it, the island of Valentia. “The views,” Mr. Inglis observes, “ about Cahir- civeen are interesting—of a wild and solitary character. The mountains jut into the sea on every side;‘the island of Valentia lies opposite, separated from the main Jand by a narrow channel; and the small town enclosed among the brown mountain slopes, seems like a place at the world’s end.” Solitary and wild as is the general character of the country around Cahirciveen, there is a considerable extent of tolerably good land in its vicinity, and which has of late been much improved. Mr. O’Connell is the middleman of the land on which the town is built, as also for many miles westwards along the shore; and it is pleasing to observe, that amid his numerous avocations, he has not been altogether inattentive to the improvement of that part of his property near Cahirciveen. The island of Valentia, which is about five miles in length by two and a half in breadth, is principally the estate of the Knight of Kerry, who has a cottage on the island, and has expended considerable sums, very judiciously, in its improvement. The soil is in many places good, and chiefly under tillage ; and the tenantry are comparatively comfortable. The slate and flag quarries on the island are extensive and valuable; the flags are used for fish and dairy slabs, and many other purposes to which marble is applied; and find a ready market in England.—There is a Post-office in the small village of Valentia; a Church, School, and several respectable inhabitants on the island. Alexander Spottiswood, Esq. has a residence here. Valentia is the most westerly port in Europe; and has of late become a place of considerable notoriety from the speculations connected with rendering its naturally admirable harbour the chief rendezvous for ships bound to, or returning from America; and also as the terminus of the great. NO. LIL—DUBLIN TO CAHIRCIVEEN, ETC. 203 tain scenery in Kerry. The mountains rise around on every side; their countless tops most generally fantas- tically wreathed in mist, and stretching away as far as the eye can reach, summit over summit, until termi- nated in the distance by the lofty peak Athur, towering over all—the lonely sentinel of the scene. On the shores of the lake is the fishing lodge of Newton, Esq. Crossing the river Carragh, and proceeding along the high moory tract at two miles farther, we reach the small Inn of Glenbegh. This is situated near to the head of the bay, which is bounded by the long, sandy ridge of Rossbeg, and forms the commencement of the extensive and interesting im- provements which have been lately effected on this part of the large estates of Lord Headly. These improvements, consisting of planting, large tracts of high grounds, embanking sea-flooded lands, forming roads, building comfortable cottages, yield an agreeable relief to, and striking contrast with, the dreary, moun- tainous, boggy tract around. Beyond this the road is carried along the sides of the steep hills which rise boldly over the sea, and it commands, for several miles, a delightful view of the noble bay of Dingle, and the Dingle mountains beyond, forming one of the most interesting portions of all the sea coast scenery in the British empire. Mr. Inglis, describing this road states, that “in the magnificence of its mountain and sea views it is little inferior to any of the celebrated roads along the shores of the Mediterranean, and is every way superior to the road from Bangor to Conway in North Wales.” Leaving the bay of Dingle, with its splendid scenery, we now proceed along a high and bleak boggy tract, exhibiting here and there a reclaimed spot. The bleakness and monotony of the surface is, however, relieved by the lofty mountain ranges, which occupy so large a portion of the district we are now travelling through, namely, the barony of Iveragh. In descending to the coast, we pass, on the left, Bahoss, the residence of Charles O’Connell, Esq. M. P.; anda little further, at the head of a small sea bay 06 NO. LII—DUBLIN TO CAHIRCIVEEN, ETC. it. The house is a large incongruous pile of build- ing, growing out of additions and patches of every style and form. It is romantically situated on a small, solitary lawn, the only green spot on which the eye rests, and close on the shores of a sheltered creek running in off Ballinskelligs bay. The Hog Islands and several other islets, lie in front; andserve to break the swell as well as to diversify the view of the Atlantic. The mountains rise majestically behind and on either side of the house, and the shores of the beautiful little bay in front, are bold and varied. Mr. O’Connell rents this lonely and interesting spot, and a large tract of country around, from the Earl of Cork. Though the roads in the district are in many places rugged and steep, and the only accommodation a small Public-house in the village of Waterville, yet, in summer, the splendid views which are obtained will amply repay those fond of marine and mountain scenery. Ballinskelligs bay, along the shores of which our road, for a considerable distance, runs, is much diversified by the bold headlands. The Skelligs rocks lie about ten miles to seaward. On the Great Skellig, which is a lofty rock of slate rising several hundred feet above the level of the sea, two Light-houses have been erected ; and the men ap- pointed to the charge of them are regularly provisioned for six months. This rock, rising high above the billowy Atlantic, and crowned with its tall, white towers, ‘appears not merely as a beacon to the mariner, but as a sentinel of the long line of iron-bound coast. The dark colour of the vast, unbroken heathy surface of the headland of Iveragh, adds much to its wild and desolate character, and at the same time contrasts with the deep blue ocean, which rolls along the whole extent’ of its rocky shores. The second road to Cahirciveen and Valentia, is by Castle Island, and the villages of Castlemain and Mill- town joining the former road at Killorglin. With the exception of that part of the rich valley lying between Castle Island and Tralee, a part of which the road runs through, and which is more fully noticed in our next route, the country is bleak and poor till we reach Castle- NO. LIL—DUBLIN TO CAHIRCIVEEN, ETC. 205 projected rail-road across the kingdom. Although there is nothing very striking in the surrounding scenery, yet the remote and singular situation of the island against which the heavy and ceaseless waves of the vast . Atlantic beat; the magnificent harbour, with ~ its southern entrance, between Brayhead and Portmagee ; and the more northerly, but principal inlet lying between Cromwell’s Fort and the islet of Beg Innis, cannot fail to arrest attention. Near Portmagee is the residence of Richard Mahony, Esq.; and between Portmagee and Cahirciveen, Bellville, Whitewell Butler, Esq.; and Ahadoe, Mr. Mahony. Opposite to Cahirciveen is Castleguin, the residence of Kean Mahony, Esq. | Leaving Cahirciveen, the road, for six miles, lies ‘across a dreary, boggy tract. At the edge of Ballin- skelligs bay we meet the river Inny, and at nine miles from Cahirciveen, reach Lough Currane—to the angler the most interesting of all our lakes. «It is about eight miles in circumference, much broken in its outline, and the scenery around very wild and bold. There are several islands on it; the largest is called Church Island, on which there are some Church ruins, and the remains of what is called a Celtic tower. The river which discharges the surplus waters of the lake, is about half a mile in length from the lake to the sea. A weir has been thrown across the river at high tide mark, where the tide and fresh water are often seen to meet, and the trout and salmon Jeaping up. Lough Currane is principally supplied by the overflowing waters of the gloomy Loughs Vogher and Girahe, which are situated among the mountains, a few miles higher up. Waterville, the seat of James Butler, Esq. lies on the banks of the Currane river; and from the house you command a view of the Atlantic on the one hand, and of Lough Currane, surrounded by its mountains, on the other. Darrynane Abbey, the seat of Daniel O’Connell, Esq. is four miles from Waterville; but the road is too steep for carriages of any kind. The road to Sneem and Kenmare passes quite close to the house ; the ruins of the little Abbey are at some distance from 208 NO. LII.—DUBLIN TO TRALEE. Tralee bay. It is about a mile from the shore; but is connected with the sea by a short ship canal recently opened. As yet, however, the principal shipping takes place at Blennerville, which is a mile below the town. TRALEE is one of the most interesting and thriving towns in the south’ of Ireland; its exports, imports, and general trade having of late years greatly increased. Many of the streets are spacious, regularly and well laid out, and the houses handsome, and respectably inhabited. The town has been much improved by the proprietor, Sir Edward Denny, Bart., who has thrown open the pleasure grounds attached to the castle for the recreation of the inhabitants. ’ The principal public buildings are the Court-house, a chaste, classical structure from designs of Morrisson, the County Prison adjoining, and a handsome modern Church. There are two large Roman Catholic Chapels, and several small Meeting-houses for various classes of Dissenters. There are also a county Infirmary, and the other establishments common to a county town. The Infantry Barracks are capable of containing six hundred men. Many important circumstances are connected with the history of Tralee; and the ruins of some of the castles erected during the feudal wars of the district, can still be traced. The ancestor of Sir Edward Denny, the present proprietor of the town and principal part of the lands immediately around, received this fine estate from Elizabeth, on the final overthrow of the Desmonds, it being a part of their immense possessions. A mile below the town, on the Dingle road, is the small town and shipping port of Blennerville; along the opposite shores of the bay, are the bathing lodges and Chalybeate spa ; and close to the town, on the road leading to Listowell, is Oak Park, the seat of John Bateman, Esq. There is something very sublime in the scenery around Tralee, and at the same time very different from what is generally met with around the coast. In front of the town the vast expanse of waters, and accompanying range of mountains which rise boldly NO. LIII.— DUBLIN TO TRALEE. 207 main harbour. Around this the country is fertile, and assumes a much more cheerful aspect. The villages of Milltown and Castlemain are about a mile apart, and the river Main, which bears along the waters of the Flesk, a second river of that name, and several other tributary streams, here falls into the harbour. The river is navigable for vessels of fifty tons burthen, as far as Milltown, and a ship of that size occasionally sails up. Near Castlemain is Anna, and a little beyond Milltown, Kilcolman Abbey, the seat of Sir John Godfrey, Bart. No. LII.—DUBLIN TO TRALEE. FIRST ROAD, BY LIMERICK AND CASTLE ISLAND. Miles, Castle Island, asin No. XLVII. | 135 Tralee . . . « 821 1433 Atonc this road the Dublin mail-coach runs to Tralee, in addition to Bianconi’s well appointed daily cars from Limerick; and Tralee is also daily approached from Killarney by cars and the cross mail from Cork. The beautiful valley from Castle Island to Tralee compensates, in some degree, for the bleak and high moorland tract lying between the former and New- castle. Adjoining Castle Island are the properties of the six gentlemen of the seigniory, who each hold by lease, portions of the estate of the Earl of Powis. In addition to several small comfortable residences near Castle Island, we pass the improved farms of James O’Connell, Esq.; at six miles Ratanny and Arbela; at seven, Chute Hall, Richard Chute, Esq. on the right, and Ballyseedy, the seat of Arthur Blennerhassett, Esq. on the left, where we meet the Ballymullen rivulet ; and passing through a rich and considerably improved country, at two miles further, reach TRALEE, the chief town of the county of Kerry, which returns a member to parliament. It is situated on a flat and fertile tract of land which stretches along the shores of _a small inlet of Ballyheigue bay ; and generally termed 210 NO. LIV.—-DUBLIN TO TRALEE. the seat of the O’Briens, kings of Munster; and in 1691, was taken and blown up by order of General D’Ginkle, then besieging Limerick. Its ruins, which present a fine object to the surrounding country, are still sufficient to shew its former consequence. Between Tervoe and the Shannon, is Cooper Hill, the seat of Cooper, Esq. Five miles from Limerick, on the left, is Elm Park, the seat of Lord Clarina 3 at six cross the river Maig, on the left banks of which is Court, an old seat belonging to the Earl of Limerick ; and near it the ruins of Cullum and Ballycullane. In the flat rich grounds which lie along the Shannon are the village and demesne of Shannon Grove, the estate of the Earl of Charleville; and near them Milon and Rockfield. A little farther, also on the same side, is the large village of Pallaskenry ; and near it Castle- town, the handsome seat of Waller, Esq. This place is beautifully situated, and commands fine views of the Shannon, and opposite Clare coast. Beyond this, close on the Shannon, are Ballysteen, the seat of Westropp, Esq. and Baycastle. At twelve miles, on the left, is Curra, the splendid seat of Sir Aubrey De Vere, Bart. to which the beautifully wooded demesne of Hollybrook has lately been added. On the left, is Castle Hewetson, the seat of Hewetson, Esq.; and at fourteen, the small town of ASKEATON, which stands on the river Deel, about two miles above its confluence with the Shannon. - Here are the remains of a Monastery founded in 1420, which once ranked among the finest ecclesiastical ruins in Ireland; but of this building the cloisters only remain. The castle of Askeaton exhibits at this day a splendid ruin. It was built by the seventh Earl of Desmond, on a solid rock of considerable height, and was surrounded by a lofty wall, again encompassed by the river Deel, the entrance being by a drawbridge. The part of the castle which is still preserved is 90 feet high, and in it are still shewn Desmond’s gaol, and banquetting room. The castle was blown up in 1580, by Sir George Carew. From Askeaton, for about five miles, the country appears very bleak; and with the NO. LIV.—DUBLIN TO TRALEE. 209 from the shore, and run far westwards to Brandon Head ; and on the other side the broad smiling valley, stretching eastwards to Castle Island, are very striking. And in addition to this, should the scene be enjoyed from any of the more elevated points of the adjoining mountain of Slievemish, Dingle bay, and that vast and endlessly varied assemblage of mountains which bound it, constitute the chief wonders of Killarney— and in short cover three-fourths of the entire county of Kerry, are brought into view. No. LIV.—DUBLIN TO TRALEE. SECOND ROAD, BY LIMERICK, ASKEATON, GLIN, TARBERT, AND LISTOWELL. Miles. Miles. Limerick, as in No. XXXII. el Ballylongford : - 474127 Askeaton .- . .« 14] 108 || Listowell fay an de 56H Ise Glin Biya. Teese ert atoD Abbey Odorney . . 8 {1412 Tarbert . eer xt - 3 ]|123]) Tralee fs - 10 115]2 By the second road, there are no posting establishments, nor public coaches; but there are cars direct from Limerick, and also in connection with the steamer from Limerick to Tarbert; but, unless in fine summer weather, and to those anxious either to sail up the Lower Shannon, or see the country along its shores, this mode of travelling is tedious, and in winter un- certain, and unpleasant. As far as Askeaton, this line lies through a rich country ; from Askeaton to Ballylongford it keeps gene- rally near the southern shores of the estuary of the Shannon, and through a bleak and rather uninteresting tract. At Ballylongford the road again holds an inland course, running through the great Cashin bog district, which reaches within a fewmiles of Tralee. Four miles from Limerick, and a little to the right, is Tervoe, the fine seat of W. T. Monsell, Esq. Ad- joining this demesne, are the ruins of CARRIGOGUNNEL CastLx, proudly situated on the summit of a lofty rock, rising boldly from an extensive plain, which reaches to the Shannon. This castle was formerly P Te ee ee 212 NO. LIV.—DUBLIN TO TRALEE. accompanying range of hills, reach, at four miles farther, the village of Glin. About amile beyond the village is Glin Castle, the seat of John Francis F itzgerald, com- monly called “ The Knight of Glin.” His house, as we remarked in page 180, stands at the commencement of that extensive and dreary upland district, which stretches from this, the shores of the Shannon, southward, to the Blackwater. Glin acquires some interest from the brave defence which was made by the Knight of Glin and his followers, in 1600. In consequence of having supported his relative the Earl of Desmond, the Castle was besieged by Sir George Carew, when the entire garrison were put to the sword. Three miles from the village of Glin, and close to the small town of TARBERT, we enter the county of Kerry. The town is beautifully situated, and well circumstanced for trade, though, we regret to state, but little is carried on. It stands at the head of an inlet of the Shannon, called Tarbert Point, opposite to Clounderlaw bay, on the Clare side, and these bays here give the Shannon the appearance of great breadth. Tarbert bay affords the best anchorage on this side of the estuary; and the steamers from Limerick to Kilrush, touch here both coming and going, to land and receive passengers. The trip from Limerick to Tarbert is usually made in four hours. About a mile from the town, on a bold headland formed by the winding outlines of the Shannon, stands Tarbert House, the seat of Leslie, Esq. the proprietor of the town. From its elevated site, and extensive plan- tations, it forms a conspicuous feature in the scenery, and a great relief to the bleaknessaround. From man parts of the demesne, fine views are obtained of the Shannon, its numerous islands, creeks, and sinuosities, and of the more prominent features along the opposite coast. Adjoining Tarbert demesne, on a small island, is a Battery and Revenue Police station. _ Beyond Tarbert, the aspect changes. The hills trend away southerly, and the country assumes an open and slightly undulating character, in which vast fields of bog prevail. The soil is generally poor, and still NO. LIV.—DUBLIN TO TRALEE. 211 exception of the few trees around Ballyclough, the seat of Mr. Copley, and Ballycullen, Mr. Naish, there is little to relieve the eye. It is covered with craggy rocks; but the inhabitants endeavour to grow a little corn and potatoes in every spot which is capable of cultivation. The village of Shanagolden, which is 19 miles from Limerick, lies a mile and a half to the left. A mile to the east of the village are the fine ruins of the abbey of Manistir-na-Gillagh, not hitherto noticed by antiquarians ; and about the same distance to the south, are the ruins of Shanet Castle, another of the strong- holds of the Earls of Desmond, and from whence their followers took the war-cry of Shanet-a-boo, as the Fitzgeralds of Leinster took theirs, Crom-a-boo, from Croome Castle. This castle occupied a strong position on the summit of a steep hill, and is a very striking feature in the scenery of this district. As we advance towards that wild, upland tract, which lies along the boundaries of the counties of Limerick and Kerry, the country gradually becomes more hilly, boggy, and rugged. About half way between Askeaton and Loughill we pass, on the left, Knockpatrick, the highest of the Limerick hills; from the summit of which a view of the whole course of the Lower Shannon is seen, as also the whole extent of the lower champaign tract of the county of Limerick, and the intermediate and sur- rounding hills. On the top of Knockpatrick are the walls of an old Church, which is still held in great ve- neration by the peasantry, as it is supposed to have been consecrated by St. Patrick. Within the walls are two monuments belonging to the Burke and Griffin families. The road now keeps close to the Shannon, passing on the left, Corgriff; the house of Mr. Griffin, and the island of Ahinish, and along the lofty cliffs that hang over the sea. From this the traveller has a good view of the rugged eminences on his left; of the Shannon, which is here three miles in breadth; and of Cahircon, the seat of John Scott, Esq. and several other demesnes on the opposite coast of Clare. On the left we pass Mount Trenchard, the seat of the Right Hon. Thomas Spring Rice, and soon after the village of Loughill ; and keeping between the flat shores of the Shannon and the 214 NO. LIV.—DUBLIN TO TRALEE. projected road to Ballybunian by Lisselton. The southern vicinity of the town has been much improved by the fine bridge across the Feale, and spacious approaches thereto; and beautified by the plantations of Ballinruddery, the seat of the Right Hon. Maurice Fitzgerald, usually called the « Knight of Kerry.” The plantations cover the beautiful river banks for a considerable distance above the town. There is a neat Church, a commodious Chapel, the remains of a Castle which belonged to the Lords of Kerry, and a com- fortable Inn. Pursuing our way through the flat country, which consists of a great variety of moor, bog, and rich lands, all under the most wretched culture, we pass, in the vicinity of the town, Tullamore, Mr. Julian, E/nnis- more, Mr. Hewson; at six miles, on the right, the ruins of Lixnaw, once the residence of the Earls of Kerry ; and opposite to Lixnaw, Crotto, the seat of Thomas C. Ponsonby, Esq.; and at nine miles reach the hamlet of Abbey Odorney, close to which are some Church ruins on the banks of the small river Brick, one of the tributaries to the Cashin. To the right is Ballyhorgan, Staughton, Esq. ; Ballyconra, Stack, Esq.; Rattoo, Gunn, Esq.; and near the latter, the remains of the Round Tower of Rattoo. The road now passes within a short distance of the decayed village of Ardfert, which, to antiquarians, is still interesting from the ruins of the Cathedral, and other remnants of its former importance. In the town, is the old seat of the former Earls of Glandore, now possessed by their descendant, Crosbie, Esq. ; adjoining, is Tobbritt, another old seat of the Crosbie family. ArprFeRT stands near the bleak and bold shores of Ballyheigue bay. The whole extent of the coast from Tralee Bay, is exposed to the full swell of the Atlantic ; and except the small inlet near Ardfert, affords neither shelter nor harbour. The country along the coast, though bare, and much exposed to the sea storms, is well inhabited. The village of Ballyheigue lies near Kerryhead, the northern boundary of the bay. NO. LIV.—DUBLIN TO TRALEE. 213 more poorly cultivated; the houses of the gentry are few and far between, and the huts of the peasantry are miserable. This flat and bleak tract district is bounded on the south by the Stacks mountains and the con- necting chain of hills which run westward to Tralee; on the west, by Ballyheigue bay ; and on the north, by the bold caverned headlands , which, for several miles, skirt the mouth of the Shannon: and this division of the country, which is so well defined by natural limits, contains the Cashin Bog district, so fully described in the Bog Reports of Ireland. Near Tarbert, is Pyrmount and Leslie Lodge, and as we proceed to Ballylongford, pass, on the right, and within a short distance of that poor village, Sallow Gillen, Thomas Sandes, Esq. and the fine ruins of Lislaghtin Abbey. Ballylongford is situated on the embochure of one of the larger of the numerous rivulets which here flow towards the Shannon; and the enlargement occasioned by the meeting of the stream and tide would, with some improvement, form a safe and commodious anchorage. Near the village is the island of Carrigafoyle. The road now leaves the coast, and holding a mid- land course, crosses the river Gale, at four miles from Ballylongford ; and_passing Gunsborough, the estate of Pierce Mahony, Esq. on the right, (where a series of the most extensive Bog improvements yet undertaken in this part of the country is now in progress,) and Dromin, the residence of Raymond, Esq. on the left, we soon reach the town of LISTOWELL, standing agreeably on the banks of the Feale, which river, together with the Gale, we have just crossed, meet together a few miles below the town, and soon after join the Cashin, under which name their united waters are borne to the ocean. The small town of Listowell has been much improved of late, and is now a considerable thoroughfare from the various lines of new roads which lead to it—among them the line we are now describing, the road hence to Cork intersecting the Dublin and Tralee line at Abbeyfeale, and the 216 NO. LV.—DUBLIN TO DINGLE. ville, the road keeps the shores of Tralee bay till we reach the vicinity of the church and hamlet of Kil- gobbin. Here it branches—that to the left ascends the higher grounds along the sides of a beautifully ver- dant dell, and then holds a midland course through a dreary moorland country, to the vicinity of Dingle, passing the hamlet of Annascall; the other branch, lately opened, and which is two or three miles shorter, keeps along the shore by Brandon bay, ascends at an easy rate to the lowest level of the ridge, and descends to Dingle by the steep and picturesque sides of Connor- hill. From this road, magnificent views of the coast and high lands to the northward are obtained, including Brandon bay at our feet, the whole extent and coast of Ballyheigue bay, and the mouth of the Shannon. We pass close to the lofty Brandon, and in our descent along the sides of Connor-hill, enjoy a view of the numerous valleys on the one hand, and high peaked summits on the other, which compose the western point of this wild peninsula; in the foreground, is Dingle, with its fine harbour, and beyond the bay, Valentia, backed by the Iveragh mountains. A new line of road is also laid out from Castlemain to Dingle, joining the * old road near Annascall ; this will form a pleasant route, and serve to connect Dingle with Killarney, and the various roads leading through it. The town of Dingle is situated on the slopes of the hills which connect with the lofty mountains rising around. These slopes rise directly from the shores of the capacious, sheltered, and, in sailors’ phrase, blind harbour, the latter epithet being applied to such harbours as are not easily observed from the sea. Drcte boasts of high antiquity, and is said to have been much frequented by the Spaniards, who colonized here ; and Mr. Inglis, as well as other travellers, state that the inhabitants still retain traces of their Spanish origin. Be that as it may, it is too true, that no town and vicinage of the same extent, either in Spain or elsewhere, can exhibit more wretchedness and poverty. _ The only business now carried on, is some small exports in corn and butter; the retail trade of the district, and NO. LV.—DUBLIN TO DINGLE. 215 Returning to our line of road, as we advance towards Tralee, the road sweeps round the western point of the Stacks hills, and in the descent we obtain a view of the valley running eastwards to Castle Island, the town, the bay, and surrounding, mountains. No. LV.—DUBLIN TO DINGLE. BY TRALEE, Miles. or BY Miles. Tralee, asin No. LIII. 1432|| Tralee, as before 1482 Kilgobbin - » 7 {1503|) Kilgobbin . . .« 7 [1502 Annascall + « 9 {1593}) Connor-Hill 5 . e ¢ 123)1633) Dingle . « 83{1682}] Dingle mia art Near the termination of the long and bold peninsula which runs westward from Tralee to the Atlantic, stands the small town of Dingle. This peninsula, or headland, is about twenty-six miles in length, and, on an average, about six in breadth. It is wholly of a mountainous character, and several of the more extreme points of the range, rise to a great elevation. The surface is broken into a variety of glens, dells, ravines, gorges, small lakes in the hollows of the hills, and all that lends interest to mountain scenery. The whole extent of coast is bold and craggy, presenting, in many places, high, impending cliffs. Its outline is con- siderably broken by several headlands, which enclose the bays of Tralee, Brandon, Smerwick, and several smaller inlets on the northern side ; and on the southern, by the small harbours of Ventry and Dingle. From Dunmore head to Brandonhead, and particularly among the Blasket and Ferriter Isles, under Eagle mountain, where the billowy Atlantic beats and foams with un- broken force against the terrific rocks, there is, in the scenery, a savageness, a desolateness, and, at the same time, a sublimity of character which is not excelled, if equalled, in the whole circuit of Hibernia’s shores. Except around Dingle, Ventry, and several other detached points, the soil is poor, the greater part of the surface of the uplands consisting of moorland and bog. Passing through the small seaport town of Blenner- 218 NO. LYIL—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. amply repay those who, in addition to a love of marine scenery, can join in contemplating the wonderful and singular effects produced along the coast, according to the nature of the strata, against which the ceaseless ocean rolls its mighty waters. The village of Ballybunian has of late been much improved. There is now a tolerably good Inn; and the celebrity of the Caves, together with the strong sea, and smooth strand, induce bathers from all quarters during the summer season. From the headlands along the shore, and particularly from Kilconly point, you command a view of the whole mouth of the Shannon, of Loophead, and the adjoining coast of Clare. No. LVII—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. FIRST ROAD, 105 MILES. BY LEIXLIP, MAYNOOTH, KILCOCK, KINNEGAD, TYRRELLS-PASS, _ KILBEGGAN, MOATE, ATHLONE, BALLINASLOE, AND LOUGHREA, Miles. Miles. Lucan . Moe ts 63| Kilbeggan - » 42) 442) Leixlip . . . , 12) 8|| Moate , . - 8 | 523 Maynooth . . . 311%] Athlone . A + 73| 60 Kileock . , , , 3/|14€! Ballinasloe : « 122) 723 Enfield . . .)) . 53) 202) Aughrim : . 83) 763 Clonard . . =. ~~. 6 | 263] Loughrea A . 103| 87 Kinnegad =. . =. 93/30 | Craughwell 3 - 6 {93 Rochfort Bridge. . 73 373) Oranmore : - 7) 1003 Tyrrells-pass. . =. 98| 403 Galway . E « 431105 Tuts road runs from shore to shore, due west of the metropolis, and nearly in the centre of the island. It may be considered as the great western outlet from the city, and, as far as Kinnegad, the trunk of all the roads leading to Connaught, and to many of those branching through Westmeath, the King’s County, and Clare. The country from Dublin to Galway is remarkably flat; and presents very few attractive features. The nature of the surface is very variable, exhibiting, on a very large scale, all those different qualities of soil for which this island is so remarkable. The Grand Canal extends to Ballinasloe, and by it goods, and many passengers are for so far conveyed. NO. LVI.—DUBLIN TO CAVES OF BALLYBUNIAN. 217 the fishery which, in addition to supplying the town and neighbourhood, also affords considerable quantities of the finer sorts of fish for the market of Tralee. Farranakilly, the villa of P. B. Hussey, Esq. and Grove, that of John Hickson, Esq. are near the town 5 and adjoining, is Ballintaggart, the residence of Mr. Hickson. East of the harbour the shore is agreeably diversified, particularly about the ruins of Minard Castle. On the western shores of the beautiful landlocked harbour of Dingle, is Burnham, the seat of Lord Ventry. The tall square house, rising over the water, unrelieved by even one tree on the lawn which sur- rounds it, has a bleak and desolate appearance. The harbour and village of Ventry, lie a little to the west of Dingle; and near the latter are several bathing lodges. A few miles still farther westward, are the majestic headlands, thelonely Ferriters, and Blasket isles, tenanted only by the myriads of sea fowl which con- gregate on their stupendous and awfully frowning cliffs. No. LVL--DUBLIN TO THE CAVES OF BAL- LYBUNIAN. Miles. Tarbert, asin No. LIII. 123 Ballylongford 4 2 (4 4127 Ballybunian 5 « 9 {186 TARBERT and Listowell are the nearest towns of any importance to the Caves of Ballybunian; and from either of these places post-cars can be obtained. Among the various phenomena belonging to the wild and picturesque districts of this island, perhaps the maritime caves of Ballybunian arethe most curious and interesting. They are situated on the Kerry side of the mouth of the Shannon, between the small estuary of the Cashin and Kilconly point; and although there is nothing very striking in the cliffs, or in the vast accumulations of sand along the shores, there is, in the endlessly varied and labyrinthine forms of the caves of Ballybunian, apart from all scientific considerations which. relate to the great formations of the inorganic world, what will 220 NO. LVIL—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. of the river’s banks, we pass, on the left, at half a mile from Lucan, the neat and commodious Hotel connected with the Chalybeate spa, which is still much frequented, and soon after, entering the county of Kildare, reach LEIXLIP, another small town, delightfully situated on the Liffey. From the bridge by which the Liffey is crossed, the scenery is very striking. Below, the long reach of the river, with its densely wooded banks, and above the broader expanse of water, on different levels, occasioned by the milldams, over which the castellated mansion of the Hon. George Cavendish, embosomed in lofty trees, is seen. The town, which principally consists of a good row of houses on either side of the road, is watered, on the one hand, by the Liffey, and on the other, by the rivulet called the Rye—the latter falling into the Liffey at the head of the town. Above the castle, on the one side, is the beautiful sylvan glen through which the Liffey tumbles, forming, in its descent over the rocky ledges, the well-known and much-frequented Salmon- Leap ; and on the other, is the deep and fertile valley, through which the smaller river Rye peacefully mean- ders. These fortuitous circumstances, together with the various handsome villa residences around, render the vicinity of Leixlip highly attractive. In the town no trade is carried on. The path to the Salmon Leap lies through the beautifully situated grounds of Weston. The road now leaves the Liffey, and in ascending the higher grounds beyond Leixlip, the aspect of the country changes, the eye ranges over an extensive champaign tract, in which the want of live fences and hedge-rows is but too apparent. On the left, are Rock- field, Mr. Kilpatrick, St. Woolstans, the handsome resi- dence of Richard Cane, Esq. and Castletown, the fine seat of Colonel Connolly, which, among its sylvan honours, contains, in the pleasure ground, by far the finest Cedar of Lebanon in Ireland. This seat is well marked out by the Obelisk which crowns an adjoining height. A little beyond Leixlip, the road crosses the Grand Canal, which is here carried by an aqueduct of very considerable extent across the valley of the Rye. NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. 219 Leaving Dublin, by the southern boundary of the Pheenix Park, we cross the Liffey at Chapelizod, and keep generally along its right banks as far as Leixlip. Passing through Chapelizod, which is an agreeably situated suburban village, and skirting the grounds of Palmerstown House, the seat of the Earl of Donough- more, we proceed through the hamlet of Palmer- stown. On the left, the fine high country, which stretches southwards to the base of the Dublin hills is open, fertile, and, in its surface, agreeably varied; but although in the immediate vicinity of the capital, owes, as yet, but little to the decorative part of rural improvement. On the right, the river Liffey has been more attractive, and among the numerous villas on that side, the adjoining demesnes of Hermitage, Woodville, and Edmondsbury, blending, in appearance, with the extensive plantations of the beautiful demesne of Woodlands, the seat of Colonel White, which lies on the opposite side of the river, enrich the scenery from the five-mile stone to the pleasantly situated town of LUCAN. The road from Chapelizod to this may be agreeably varied, by keeping the left banks of the Liffey. The scenery, which is purely rural, is, perhaps, the best of that character around the city ; and equal to any part of the Liffey’s circuitous course. The high banks, the neat villas, and rustic cottages, with their accompanying plantations ;—the mixed cultivation with the extensive fields of Strawberries, mingling with all that variety of crops which market gardens exhibit; the meanderings of the Liffey, and the various rapids occasioned by damming its waters in order to propel the machinery connected with the small factories along its course 5 the verdant meads which occupy the sinuosities of the valley, and the undulating road which is carried over the summits of the little hills, all combine to render this a very charming stretch of rural scenery. To avoid the sudden descent to Lucan, the road now generally travelled skirts the town, and passing Lucan House, the seat of Mrs. Vessey, whose finely wooded grounds stretch for a long way on both sides 222 NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. Blackwater, which discharges, a few miles to the right of the road, the surplus waters of the flat, boggy country, through which it flows, into the Boyne. Crossing, for the last time, the Royal Canal, and passing on the right, Ballyna, the seat of Richard More O’Ferrall, Esq. M. P. whose extensive plantations, rising from the flat, boggy plain, form a conspicuous feature, we pass, at four miles from Enfield, Ballinderry, and close to it, Garrisker, the handsome demesne of John Nangle, Esq. A mile onward, we meet the river Boyne, and crossing by the substantial bridge lately thrown over it, again enter the county of Meath, close to the hamlet and post-office of Clonard. This place was formerly a bishop’s see, and of some consequence ; but now scarcely a vestige of its ancient buildings remain. Here the Boyns is a river of very little cha- racter orimportance. Above and below Clonard bridge, its sullen and sluggish waters move heavily through the flat, dreary, and uninteresting, marshy country. The latter often in winter, and after heavy rains, is flooded to a great extent. As we proceed, the country assumes a different aspect from that lying between Clonard and Dublin. The soil, generally speaking, becomes more shallow and gravelly, and interspersed with considerable tracts of peat and marshy lands, connected with the great Bog of Allen; which latter reaches close to the small town of KINNEGAD, consisting of a single street, and forming, as it were, the termination of the main stem of the GREAT CONNAUGHT LINE OF ROAD, which here first branches—that on the right leading to the principal towns in Westmeath, the counties of Longford, Roscommon, Leitrim, and Sligo; and on the left, the road we are now travelling. Two miles from Kinnegad the road passes through Grifinstown, the estate of the Rev. Fetherstone Haugh. The mansion and demesne are on the right, and on the left are the extensive Bog Improvements, NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. yyit ae About two miles onward, the plantations of Carton, the noble residence of the Duke of Leinster, commence, and continue to within a short distance of MAYNOOTH, a small, but regularly built town, which has obtained celebrity from its immediate connection with the Royal College of St. Patrick, founded in 1795, for the education of the Roman Catholic priesthood. The collegiate buildings are remarkably plain and extensive, resembling more a military barrack than a college. At the entrance stands the ruins of the old house of the noble family of Leinster, which was destroyed by Cromwell. Maynooth and a considerable tract of the surrounding country, belongs to the Duke of Leinster; and one of the en- trances to his fine demesne adjoins the town. Kiicock, a small, straggling town, on the banks of the Royal Canal, is situated in the centre of one of the most valuable tracts of land in the kingdom, whether considered in respect to extent, soil, or cultivation. Among the several villas north of the town, are Dolins- town, A. U. Gladstanes, Esq.; and Waterstown, On the south are Whitestown and Pritchardstown ; Hortland, Sir Wm. Hort, Bart.; and Donadea Castle, Sir Gerald George Aylmer, Bart. Four miles from Maynooth, the road enters the county of Meath, in which it continues for the next three miles, and passing the lowly ruins of Cloncurry Church, and the large green moat near it, we soon reach the small town of ENFIELD, where there is a good Inn, and extensive posting estab- lishment. To the right of the town, are Johnstown, J. H. Rourke, Esq.; Dunfort, Sir F. M‘Donell, Knt. and the village of Johnstown. The country around is remarkably fertile. On the road leading to Summerhill from Enfield, at one mile, is Rhynfield, R. S. Rhynd, Esq.; at three, Rahinstown, R. G. Bomford, Esq. ; Agher, J. P. Winter, Esq. ; and Rathmolion, the Lord Bishop of Ossory. Two miles from Enfield, we again enter the county of Kildare, on crossing the small river called the 224 NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. They are well circumstaneed for planting, equally as regards profit, shelter, and effect in this denuded country. To the right, amongst the most interesting group of these eskers, is Newforest, the seat of H. Daniel, Esq. The town of KinBEGGan is situated on the Upper Brosna, here a small stream, bearing only the surplus waters of Lough Ennel, but it is considerably increased in volume by the supplies it receives from the boggy tract it runs through before it reaches the Shannon. The corn trade has been increased by a branch of the Grand Canal, lately cut to this town; and the means of travellmg from this to Dublin, and also along the whole line of the canal, is much facilitated by a branch boat which plys in connection with the fly-boats to and from Dublin and Tullamore. Two miles southwest of the town is Ballard, the demesne of Surgeon O’Reilly; at three, Kilclare, the residence of John Armstrong, Esq.; and at four miles, also watered by the Brosna, the considerable and thriving town of Clara, with its extensive corn mills, Connected with Clara, is Clara House, the residence of Edward Cox, Esq.; and near it Kilcoursey, Charles Baggott, Esq. Five miles from Kilbeggan, near the road, leading from it to Tullamore, is Durrow Abbey, the seat of the Earl of Norbury. Northward. about four miles, and near the boggy tract which sweeps round the shores of Lough Ennel, is the village of Castletown ; and near it, Middleton, the seat of Berry, Esq. Leaving Kilbeggan, at two miles on the right, is Bracca, the residence of S. W. Handy, Esq.; and at three, the road enters a narrow point of the King’s County, near Horseleap. About four miles to the right is Jamestown, the seat of Sir Richard Nagle, Bart. M. P.; and near it, Redmondstown. As we proceed, about two miles from Horseleap, and also on the right, and near the hill of Knocka, which forms a conspicuous feature in the flat country, are Rosemount, Ballintubber, Grouse Lodge, and Mosstown; the latter is the residence of Theobald Fetherstone Haugh, Esq.; and on the left, Prospect, Charles Holmes, Esq. At six miles from NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. 223 which have produced of late, much interest among agriculturists. The grounds under reclamation are a section of that part of the Bog or ALLEN which runs near to Kinnegad ; and the improvements, for so far, have been conducted in a very satisfactory and practical manner. We have no doubt that all who are either individually or collectively interested in the cultivation of the many thousand of waste acres throughout Ireland, will be gratified by a visit to the Bog Improvements of Mr. Fetherstone. For several miles the country on the left is extremely flat and bleak ; large tracts of bog and marsh alternating with the more fertile and, generally speaking, wretchedly cultivated soil; and Croghan Hill, in the vicinity of Philipstown, the most fertile and elevated of the eminences which lie scattered between the more southerly mountain ranges, appears a striking object in the extensive plain. A little beyond Griffinstown, on the right, is Lowtown, the seat of Dopping, Esq.; at six miles from Kinnegad, also on the right, is Gaulstown, the seat of Lord Kilmaine; adjoining which is Cottage, the residence of J. H. Shiel, Esq. Beyond this is the village of Rochfort Bridge ; and three miles from it we reach the small town of TYRRELLS-PASS, a place of some importance from the numerous cross- roads which here branch off, as well as from the large cattle fairs held in it. A handsome Church, and small square of houses, have been built, principally by the late Countess of Belvidere, which give an air of neatness to the place. To the left of the town, in the flat, boggy tract, is Tore, Pilkington, Esq.; and at two miles beyond the town we pass through the small hamlet of Newtown Lowe, adjoining which, on the left, is Cornahir, the seat of Archdeacon Vignoles. The country on either side of the road, for some miles, is agreeably diversified by the various low, detached gravel ridges or eskers, assuming, in many cases, pleasing and fantastic outlines, and more or less covered with a browsed copse of Alder, Oak, Hazel, and Whitethorn. 226 NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. and in connection with them, an extensive Barrack for Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery. Athlone, from its large military establishment, cen- tral situation, great thoroughfare, and connection with the Royal and Grand Canals along the Shannon, might be the most important inland town in the king- dom. The present state of this noble river, the bridge across it, and the avenues leading to the bridge, are a disgrace to any civilised country ; but as government are now engaged in the consideration of remedial measures, we hope, ere long, to see Athlone assuming that importance to which its favorable localities entitle its There are’ no manufactories, if we except the exten- sive Flour mills, Distilleries, and Breweries; nor any remarkable structures beyond those we have already enumerated. There are the usual public Offices, Banks, Churches, and other places of worship common to a large district town. A very extensive retail trade is carried on, a great deal done in provisions and corn, and, independent of land conveyance, about a hundred tons, chiefly corn, on a weekly average, are sent down the Shannon. From the heights on which the battery is erected, a good view of the town and surrounding country obtained. Eastward is seen a long ridge of flat country lying between the low gravelly hills of Westmeath and the Slieve-bloom mountains. Along the northern side of this plain, which consists of fertile, barren, marsh, bog, reclaimed, and unreclaimed lands in endless variety, our road, for the last sixteen miles lay. South- ward is seen the vast naked plain of green marsh and brown bog, running to the base of the fertile hills near Eyrecourt. Through the latter extensive tract of mixed bog, meadow, and pasturage, which is destitute of either hamlet or village, the Shannon can be traced winding under the solitary ruins of the Seven CuuRcHES of CronmacnoisE. In that course of fourteen miles, though the Shannon is deep and broad, and highly important, as a means of internal communication, it has no banks, nor any of the innumerable charms of river NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. 225 Kilbeggan, the road again meets the county of West- meath, and at seven reaches MOATE, a clean and well arranged small town, in which a num- ber of Quakers reside, and carry on various branches of trade. Close to the town is Moate Castle, the residence of Cuthbert John Clibborn, Esq.; and a little beyond it, on the right, are Lissenode, Fore, Ummamore, and Sherrock. The road, at two miles from Moate, passes, on the right, G/ynwood, the well-wooded residence of John Longworth, Esq.; and on the left, in the flat country which stretches far westwards, is the Hall, Clibborn, Esq.; Moyavalley, and Castle Daly, Joseph Morgan Daly, Esq. ; and in the same direction, but a little further off the road, Ballinahoun, Ennis, Esq. About six miles from Moate, we pass through Creggan, the pretty demesne of Longworth, Esq.; and at two miles farther reach ATHLONE, which, though an inconvenient, ill built, and ugly town, and not containing a single street fitted either for a general thoroughfare or business, is the most important between Dublin and Galway. It is situated on the Shannon, and quite close to one of its principal en- largements, called Louco Rese. The SHannon, on again assuming the river character, after it emerges from Lough Ree, sweeps its heavy volume of waters with considerable rapidity through the centre of the town, and here forms the boundaries of the counties of Westmeath and Roscommon, and of course Leinster and Connaught ;—leaving one part of the town in Westmeath, and the other in Roscommon. Athlone contains the remains of' several ecclesiastical buildings ; and in its history is intimately connected with many of the more interesting periods of former days. Here, in 1691, General De Ginkle effected the passage of the Shannon, which was opposed by the army of James. It is still a large and important military station, and head quarters for the general commanding the central district. The Castle and Battery, which were erected to defend this pass of the Shannon, are still kept up; Q 228 NO. LVII.— DUBLIN TO GALWAY. is the reputed birth-place of Goldsmith. “Here are still the remains of the ‘busy mill;’ there ‘the decent church still tops the neighbouring hill;’ here is the village preacher’s ‘modest mansion; and there the circle of stones within which stood the ‘hawthorn bush,’ ” Close to the hamlet is Auburn House, the residence of Hogan, Esq.; and to the left Littletown.. The whole extent of the shores of this branch of Lough Ree is beautiful ; and particularly about Killynure and Portlick. As we proceed to Galway from Athlone, the country, soon after leaving the latter place, becomes poor, rough, wretchedly cultivated, and very bleak. The road, for several miles, is carried at a considerable height, at least as regards the immense boggy plain on the left; and from this elevation the winding and stagnant course of the Shannon, under a favorable state of the atmos- phere, can be traced, as well as much of the country, east and south, which was briefly noticed in the views to be obtained from the battery heights near Athlone. At four miles we pass Johnstown, Dillon, Esq. 3 and at six, Thomastown, Naghten, Esq. Both of these places are attractive from the extent of wooded lands around them. But, from the latter to the thriving town of Baxurnascog, there is little to remark, except several tall square houses, with a few naked poles of trees around them, which, from their paucity, seem only to increase the apparent extent of the seemingly boundless and naked plain. . The celebrated town of BaLLInAsLor lies on the River Suck, whose ample still waters mingle with the Shannon about six miles onwards. It is one of the most important of the Shannon’s tributaries ; and bears in its channels, a considerable proportion of the surplus waters of the county of Galway, to that great outlet. The Suck here, and for a considerable distance upwards, separates the counties of Galway and Ros- common; and, like the Inny, Brosna, and most of the other rivers which discharge the surplus waters of the low, boggy countries through which they flow, into the long and ruinously high levels of the Shannon, it inun- NO. LVIJ.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. Di. scenery. In short, it is merely one long level of a great natural canal—falling from Athlone to Shannon Bridge only seven inches. Even in summer its bed is brim full, and in winter it inundates a great extent of the adjoining low lands. Westward, is that poor portion of the county of Roscommon, through which our road from Athlone to Ballinasloe lies; and on the north, is that vast enlargement of the SHannon, called Loven Rex, stretching from Athlone to Lanesborough, a distance of sixteen Irish miles. Some parts of the shores and mountains of Lough Ree are highly varied, and very interesting, and many of the islands are large, cultivated, and well worthy of notice. , Among the many striking objects on this lake, St. John’s promontory, and Hare Island, (which has been highly improved by the proprietor, Viscount Castle- maine,) are fine pieces of scenery. From the marshy nature of the greater part of the shores, no road stretches along the water’s edge for any distance. A boat will, therefore, be the best means of conveyance for those who are anxious to know this large, and, although in the centre of the kingdom, almost unknown lake The particulars of its western shores we shall notice from the roads in connection with it. On the north-east side of the town, along the roads leading from Athlone to Mullingar and Ballymahon, the country undulates beautifully, is fertile, well culti- vated, and adorned with several well-planted villa grounds. Three miles from Athlone, on the Mullingar road, is Moydrum Castle, the fine seat of Viscount Castle- maine. Beyond it, is the small hamlet of Baylin, and the villas of Twyford, and Belleville. About four miles, are Dorington Walderstown, and Carne Park. On the Ballymahon road which keeps along the shores of that beautiful branch of Lough Ree, called Killymore Lough, we pass the poor hamlets of Lissywoolen, and Bally- keeran ; and at four miles reach Waterstown, the seat of R. Handcock Temple, Esq. a little beyond which is the village of Glasson. The small hamlet of Lishoy, or as it is now generally termed, Auburn, lies on the same line of road, about two miles from Glasson. This 230 NO. LVIL.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. travellers proceeding along the leading lines of road, either by public or hired conveyances. The lowering of the waters of the Suck in connection with the Shannon, will contribute greatly to the improvement of the great extent of low, rich lands in this neighbourhood.: Below the town, on the banks of the Suck, are the villas of Fortwilliam, Lancaster Park, Suckville, Ardecarn, and Mount Equity; and a little to the west is Kellysgrove ; and on the east of the town, along the Athlone road, Birchgrove and Tulleigh. Three miles from Ballinasloe, we pass through the village of Aughrim, still rendered remarkable from the decisive battle which was fought on the adjoining heights of Kilcommadan, in 1691, between the armies of James and William, when the army of the former was totally routed, and St. Ruth, the general command- ing, killed. A little to the right of Aughrim, is Fairfield, the residence of Wade, Esq.; and near it, Cartrins, Liskelly, and Cahir. For a considerable distance around, the country is remarkably fertile. Indeed, from this point to Loughrea, with the exception of some marshy and boggy tracts, our way lies through what is esteemed among the best lands in this county: and here we may add, commences, in this direction, the great pastoral district of the county of Galway. Three miles from Aughrim, we pass close to the small demesne of Oatfield ; at four, on the left, Bally- donellan, the old seat of the Donnellan family; and Eastwell, Usher, Esq. on the right. At seven, we reach the small village of Kilricle, close to which, on the right, are Dartfield, the residence of Robert Blake, Esq. and the ruins of Wallscourt; at nine, Ballydugan, the seat of Wm. Burke, Esq. beautifully and con- spicuously situated on the rising grounds to the left; and passing on either hand several uninteresting Church ruins, which lie scattered on the bleak, dreary country around, reach LOUGHREA, ( : a straggling, ill built, and hitherto much neglected town, lying near the northern shores of. the very pretty NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. 229 | dates, or otherwise injures several thousands of acres along its banks. The town of Batirnastox, (thanks to the Earl of Clancarty,) is neatly built, clean, and orderly; and although it cannot compare with many of the towns in Ulster, far less with those on the other side of the channel, it plainly shows what may be accomplished with care and attention on the part of the proprietor. The largest sheep, cattle, and horse fair in the kingdom, is annually held here in October. It continues for four days; and the noble proprietor, with that liberality which marks all his arrangements, throws open a part of his fine park for the exhibition of the sheep on the first day of the fair. A few years ago as many. as 80,000 sheep were sold; now the average is from 50,000 to 60,000; and between 6000 and 7000 horned cattle. Garbally. the large and extensively planted park of Earl Clancarty, which adjoins the town, contains a pleasingly varied though very poor surface. The mansion is a’ large, plain, modern building, with an internal quadrangle atter the manner of the old baronial courts; and is remarkable as the only structure of the kind in this part of the country. Adjoining Garbally, is Mackney, the villa of the Hon. Archdeacon Trench. Ballinasloe, the principal part of which lies in the county of Galway, is a great thoroughfare; and the second great division of the roads leading to the various parts of the counties of Galway and Mayo, branch off in the town. In addition to the great fair in October, and the large cattle fair in May, there is a good deal done in the general retail trade of the district; and the corn business has considerably increased since the Grand Canal was extended to the town. The Church, with its singular octangular spire springing from scrolls, is a handsome and unique structure ; and from its position on the summit of an elevated gravel ridge, is a remarkable object for many miles around. There is a small Barrack for infantry. The large district Lunatic Asylum on the Roscommon side of the town, adds much to the appearance and importance of the place. There are good Hotels; and every facility for 232 NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. Having cleared the miserable outlets of Loughrea, the baldness of the flat country is somewhat relieved, on the left, by the woods of Roxborough, the fine seat of Dudley Persse, Esq. the adjoining plantations of Castleboy, the seat of R. H. Persse, Esq. and Castle Daly, James Daly, Esq.; and on the right, by the united plantations of S¢. Clarens, the handsome seat of James Burke, Esq. and Dunsandle, the extensive demesne of James Daly, Esq. Two miles beyond Dunsandle, is the large Franciscan Friary of Eskar ; and attached to the convent, are extensive schools for the education of the poor. About six miles from Loughrea, we-reach the small village of Craughwell, which is watered by the Car- namart stream. Close to the village is Ballymore, the residence of Richard Rathborne, Esq-; and at some distance, on the right, are 77 allyho Lodge, Persse, Esq.; Hollypark, Blake, Esq. ; and Persse Lodge, B. Persse, Esq.; and on the left, about three miles, Cregclare, the seat of James Lambert, Esq. Beyond Craughwell the country assumes a still more bleak and desart-like aspect ; the grey calcareous stone protruding, a few feet above the surface, in close but detached masses, gives to the whole district the ap- pearance of one vast level sheet of limestone rock. The spots of land lying between the protruding rock, and intermingled with a profusion of stunted Thorn and Hazel copse, are warm and fertile, and admirably cal- culated for rearing sheep. At four miles, we pass the small lough and prostrate ruins of Moyvilly, close to Labally, the residence of Mr. Lynch; and passing Frenchford, soon reach ORANMORE, a considerable village which lies at the head of one of the arms into which the upper end of the bay of Galway branches. In addition to the very general traffic on the line we are now travelling, Oranmore is the point to which all the roads from the county of Clare to the town of Galway, must come; and is a considerable throughfare. Oran Castle, a small old building, the residence of Mr. Blake, is in the village ; NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. ee | lake whose name it bears, and which is about five miles in circumference. The town is situated in the heart of a fertile portion of the county of Galway; and with even a little care on the part of the proprietor, (the Marquis of Clanrickarde, ) might soon be rendered a place of some importance. As it is, a good deal of the produce of the surrounding district is weekly disposed of ; and a considerable retail trade in return carried on. It contains a small cavalry and infantry Barrack ; a neat parish Church, commodious Chapel, and a Carmelite Friary and Nunnery. Attached to the Friary is a very neat Chapel, and the well-preserved ruins of the small venerable Abbey. Connected with this monastic establishment, is a well-kept promenade, overshadowed with aged trees—the only thing of the kind to be met with in the province. This walk runs close to a part of the old embattled walls which formerly surrounded the town. The country, north of the town, presents a desolate and cheerless aspect. It appears like a vast plain blending with the distant sky; and the plantations connected with the different seats, though of considerable extent, appear as mere specks. Still the soil is good, and the patches of wretched tillage, blending with the extensive sheep farms, and large tracts of bog, afford to those fond of rural affairs, much interest. Towards the south side of the town, the surface is much more diversified, and in many places very picturesque. The pretty fertile hills which here form an agreeable contrast with the flatness on the other side, connect with the high moorland tract stretching southwards to Lough Derg, and blending on the west with the highlands of the county of Clare. Adjoining the town, is Mount Pleasant, Mr. Daly ; and a little to the south, Masonbrook, James Smyth, Esq.; at three miles, Dalystown, the picturesque residence of Dr. Farrell; and at five, on the mountain road leading from Portumna to Gort, is Marble Hill, the romantic seat of Sir John Burke, Bart. On the north side of the town, are Raford, Daly, Esq. 5 Turow, Dalton, Esq.; and Killymur, Burke, Esq. 234 NO. LVII.——DUBLIN TO GALWAY. supplying the western and many parts of the interior of Ireland with the produce of these countries. Mr. Inglis, and other travellers, state that, in the construction and arrangement of the houses, the wide entrys, broad outside stairs, arched gateways, and courts, &c. the older parts of the town possess many traces of Spanish origin. Many of these houses have yielded to the ruthless hand of time, and a great many of such as are tenantable, crammed with of the poorer inhabitants. The town and suburbs have of late years greatly increased both in population and extent; and while new streets, and many excellent Houses; Docks, Stores, Flour Mills, Breweries and Distilleries; Bridges, Court-houses, Jails; Chapels, Nunneries, and Monasteries have sprung up, exports and other branches of trade advanced, the most squalid poverty and misery have spread through almost every part of the town, and extended over all the primitive huts, which, with a very few exceptions, form the far spread and wretched suburbs. The collegiate Church of St. Nicholas, is a fine old structure ; and among the public buildings we may ~enumerate the county Court-house and Jail, as well deserving of notice. There are several Chapels, four Nunneries, and three Monasteries ; and although they are on a large scale, are not remarkable for their architecture; also small Presbyterian and Methodist Meeting-houses. There are Barracks for a regiment of infantry, and the Hospitals, Dispensaries, Banks, and other public offices common to an extensive provincial capital. In Wheat, Oats, and Flour, a considerable export trade is carried on, and a good deal of the black marble of the adjoming quarries in large, rough, scantling, is forwarded to various parts of the empire. Timber, Iron, and Slates, Wines, Sugars, &c. are imported to a con- siderable extent. The retail trade is necessarily large ; for east of Galway, there is no town of any importance within twenty miles ; and to the west, it commands the whole of Cunnemara, and the country stretching towards Tuam and Castlebar. Connected with the trade of Galway, we cannot omit the Claddagh, a large NO. LVIl.——DUBLIN TO GALWAY. 233) and to the left, Rinville, the residence of - Ashy, Esq.; and beyond it, on the point of the long, narrow peninsula, which is formed by the sinuosities of the bay, is Ardfry, the delightfully situated marine seat of Lord Wallscourt. At three miles, on the cross-road to Gort, are the hamlet and demesne of Kilcornan, the residence of Reddington, Esq.; and a mie beyond it, and near the small harbour of Ballanacourty, is Tyrone House, the seat of A. F. St. George, Esq. Between these demesnes the streams, Moyvilla and Cornamart, fall into the bay; near the former, is the village of Clara Bridge; and near the latter, that of Kilcolgan. From Oranmore to Galway, our road lies along the shores of the bay, and the sea views, the peninsula of Ardfry, the Burrin mountains which stretch along the opposite coast of Clare, the plantations of Merlin Park, the residence of Blake, Esq. close to the road, on the right, with the detached villas on this side of the town, and the venerable looking town itself, backed by the hills linking into the long chain of mountains which stretch across Cunnemara and Joyce country, form a great relief, and a striking contrast with the flat unin- teresting country through which we have travelled for the last twenty miles. The seaport town of Galway, the capital of the West, and in point of population, the fifth town in the kingdom, is singularly situated in the valley lying between the bay which bears its name—the largest of our sea bays—and Lough Corrib, which, in point of extent, is the third of our inland lakes. Like most of our old towns, the streets and lanes were huddled together without any regard to comfort or conve- nience; and even in the modern parts, little attention has been paid either to order or cleanliness. Every one seems to rear up any sort of edifice he fancies, wholly re- gardless of either a lineament, elevation, or plan. Galway is of great antiquity, and so early as the middle of the twelfth century, was a place of note for general mer- chandize and commerce; and in subsequent years, carried on a considerable trade with France and Spain, 236 NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY: bough, the delightfully situated villa of A. W. Blake, _ Esq.;-and beyond this are several lodges erected by gentlemen who are attracted to this wild and dreary spot by the bathing and the excellent angling which the Cashlin and the other mountain rivers,a few miles westward, afford. From Galway to Spiddal, the country exhibits a strange mixture of rock, crag, pasture, and tillage. The numerous low huts of the peasantry, who cultivate the arable spots between the rocks, are formed of the loose granite roughly put together, and at a distance resemble masses of rock. Beyond Spiddal, the road, coastways, is not continued, the country becomes mountainous, and the coast deeply indented by the Costello, Great- man’s, Casheen, and Kilkerran bays. Those who are fond of marine scenery will be amply gratified by the wild shores, the inhabited islands of Gavourna, Letter- mullen, and Lettermore, together with the numerous rocky isles which are scattered throughout the above bays. From the high grounds over Spiddal, we enjoy a view of the south islands of Arran, which lie across the mouth of Galway bay, and about twenty miles west of the town. They consist of three principal islands, and some smaller isles at the western extremity. The more easterly is called Ennischir, the middle one St. Gregory’s, and the westerly and largest, Arranmore. The whole range is about twelve miles. There is a good deal of arable and pastoral land on these islands ; they produce a rental of £2000 per annum, and main- tain about 3000 inhabitants. A Lighthouse has been built on the centre of Arranmore. This island is ten miles in length, and two in breadth, and contains the residence of the proprietor, John Wm. Digby, Esq. From the whole line of the Galway coast, the opposite Burrin mountains in the county of Clare, springing from the bed of the ocean, are very striking features. Opposite to the harbour of Galway, are Mutton and Hare Islands. On the former is a Lighthouse. The termination of the bay is broken by the headlands of Rinville, Ardfry, Kilcorgan, Elan Edy, and Kinvara. NO. LVII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. 235. village lying on the opposite side of the harbour, and apart from the town. . It contains innumerable little streets and lanes of cabins, all grouped and huddled together. About 1500 fishermen, with their wives and families, reside here; and, beyond the sale of their fish, hold little intercourse with the town’s people, intermarry among themselves, and, as regards fishing and pecuniary matters, are governed by their own bye- laws. The boats, great and small, connected with this fishery, and including the whole coast of the county of Galway, are said to exceed a thousand. Still, owing to the prejudices, ignorance, and total want of system, among the fishermen, the town and surrounding country are very irregularly supplied. Lough Corrib, which is only thirteen feet above the level of the bay, covers a surface of thirty thousand acres, embraces a coast of fifty miles in extent, and contains islands whose superficies is 1000 acres, reaches, by its large branches called Thurloughs, to the very edge of the town, and throws its heavy volume of waters with considerable rapidity through it, propelling the machinery connected with the various Breweries, Distilleries, and Corn Mills along its course ; and still capable, by a farther application of its almost inexhaustible power, of giving motion to as much more machinery as the most sanguine of Galway’s patriots could desire. The completion of the Docks, and the short canal cut from the harbour to Lough Corrib; and the appointment of proper municipal officers who will regulate the markets, look after the cleansing, lighting, and paving of the town, are the preliminary steps to the permanent im- provement of this well circumstanced, but hitherto neglected place. A little to the west of Galway, are Fahoon, the resi- dence of J. J. Bodkin, Esq. M.P. and West Lodge, James O’Hara, Esq. During the summer season, Salt Hill, and the numerous bathing lodges in its vicinity, are well frequented. About three miles from Galway, and pleasantly situated on a small arm of the bay, 1s Barna, the residence of Lynch, Esq.; and adjoining is the straggling village of Barna. At six miles is Pur- 238 NO. LVIIL—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. at three miles from the village we pass on the right, Woodlawn, the well-wooded seat of John Trench, Esq. Two miles to the right of Kilconnel, and around the small village of Ballymacward, the improving estate of the Earl of Clancarty, can be readily traced by the comfortable houses of the tenantry. Passing the de- mesnes of Turrow, Raford, Kiltulla, and the Convent of Esker, all noticed in the preceding road, there is little else to attract notice in the bleak and flat country around, till we reach ATHENRY, one of the most ancient towns in the province of Con- naught, and which still exhibits some relics of its former importance, as well as of its great antiquity. Portions of the walls which enclosed the ancient town can still be traced, and parts of the Castle of the Lords of Birmingham, and also of the beautiful Dominican Friary, are still extant. The town has of late consi- derably increased, as has also the business of the fairs and weekly markets. Still it is a poor place, and wears altogether a very desolate aspect. Near the town are Rockfield, Mark Browne, Esq.; Castle Lambert, —— Lambert, Esq.; and Castle Ellen, Peter Lambert, Esq. About three miles north of Athenry, is the village of Monivea, near which is Monivea House, the seat of French, Esq.; and in the neighbourhood of the village, Tyaquin, the seat of Burke, Esq. Cassane, and Belle- ville. The surface of the country around is considerably varied; but is destitute of any striking features. The soil is of a middling and very variable nature; and, what is still worse, wretchedly tenanted. Four miles beyond Athenry, we join the preceding line, and proceed thence by Oranmore to Galway. NO. LVIII.—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. 237 Two miles west of Galway, on the left banks of the Corrib river, and environed by the cold locking, craggy, limestone district, which, in that direction, approaches the town, is Menlough Castle, the old romantic residence of Sir Valentine Blake, Bart. At five miles, in a northerly direction, on the road leading from Galway to Tuam, and on the banks of the Clare river, are the venerable ruins of the Abbey of Clare Galway. It is pleasing to see that some pains have been taken to preserve the remains of this beautiful structure from the further ravages of the peasantry; although the appearance of the ruin has been much injured by the sheds which have been lately thrown up against it. The Clare river falls into Lough Corrib, a little below the Abbey, bearing along the surplus waters of Thourloughmore, and all that vast accumulation of surface waters which, in winter, and after rain, is collected in the low lands around Clare Tuam. ‘Two miles beyond Clare Galway, are Water- dale, James Blake, Esq. and Cregg Castle, the residence of Francis Blake, Esq. These places are approached from Dublin by a cross-road from Oranmore. No. LVIIIL—DUBLIN TO GALWAY. SECOND ROAD, BY BALLINASLOE, KILCONNELL, AND ATHENRY. « Miles. Miles. Ballinasloe, as in No. LVIL 723|| Oranmore : - 6 ol Kilconnell - « « G63 783]] Galway -« . «- 43/1023 Atheury oo ne eee eel Turs is one of the old lines from Ballinasloe to Galway, and although three miles shorter, is seldom travelled, unless by those who have business in, or are anxious to see that part of the country. Except at Athenry there are no Inns along the line. Cars can there be hired ; but at present there are no regular post-horses, nor are the roads so good as on the preceding line. From Ballinasloe to Kilconnell you may either proceed by Aughrim, or by the northern boundary of Lord Clan- carty’s demesne. In the small village of Kilconnel, are the ruins of the fine old Abbey of St. Conal. Near this is Carrowmanagh, Thomas Bermingham, Esq. ; and 240 NO. LIX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. edified and repossessed by the Fitzgeralds, and finally destroyed in 1650. In the church-yard near the Castle, the stump of what was long considered the largest Ash tree in the kingdom still remains. On our left, the densely wooded spire hill (so called from the rude pyramid which crowns it) forms a striking feature here, and for many miles in the flat country around. It is part of the beautiful demesne of Fimo, the seat of the Earl of Portarlington, whose large estates embrace the town and environs of PORTARLINGTON, so named from Lord Arlington, to whom the estate was granted by Charles II. and the prefix Port, in con- sequence of the small landing place on the Barrow. It is situate on the above river, by which it is divided into two unequal parts; the larger portion on the right bank, is in the Queen’s County, the other, on the left bank, in the King’s County. Portarlington, which returns a member to the imperial parliament, principally consists of one main street nearly two miles in length ; the houses on either side are generally large, regularly built, and respectably inhabited ; but the town possesses neither trade nor commerce. ‘The degree of prosperity which it enjoys is therefore to be ascribed to its possess- ing a greater number of resident gentry than is generally to be found in towns of its size in Ireland. It has also a well established reputation for the goodness of its schools; and, among the many eminent men who received the rudiments of their education here, we may enumerate the Duke of Wellington, and his brother the Marquis of Wellesley. There are two Protestant Churches, a Methodist and Roman Catholic Chapel. William III. removed a colony of French refugees from Holland thither; and till within these last twenty years, the service was performed in one of the Churches in the French language. In the regularity and cleanliness of its streets, respectability and comfort of its inhabitants, the neatly kept gardens and town parks, and the style of the connecting villa residences, Portarlington ranks far above the generality of our inland towns. «is we proceed to Mountmellick, we pass L’Bergerie, 239 No. LIX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN (BIRR) FIRST ROAD, BY MONASTEREVEN, PORTARLINGTON, AND MOUNT- MELLICK. Miles. Miles. Monastereven, asin No. XXXII.] 303]| Clonaslie . ‘ a » 4] 482 Portarlington. . - « 5] 352]] Kinnetty. . 4 al sa Mountmellick. . . . 63) 412/] Parsonstown . . . 6] 622 Rosenellis ais - « 3.448 As Parsonstown, from its central position, is approached from Dublin in various directions, we have endeavoured to enumerate the different lines in the most convenient way for the traveller, prefixing, as usual, some obser- vations relative to the general localities and means of conveyance. . Our first road is that travelled by the only direct conveyance, namely, a well-appointed stage coach, and is the most convenient mode of reaching Parsonstown. A short detour is made so as to run through the important towns of Portarlington and Mountmellick, which, however, encreases the interest of the road. We branch off the Limerick line at Monastereven, and crossing the river Barrow, at one mile from the town, enter the Queen’s County, in which we continue for the next twenty-five miles. The country on the left is varied by a chain of low, gravelly hills; from the summits of which a view is obtained of that immense section of the Bog of Allen which stretches almost from the edge of the road northwards, to the towns of Edenderry and Philipstown, and eastward to Rathangan, comprehending nearly the entire of the eastern division of the King’s County. It is perhaps the largest tract of unbroken, low peat moss in the kingdom; and in surveying the vast and brown cheerless waste, it is im- possible but to regret that in an agricultural country, and where the people are crying out for employment, so many thousands of acres should be suffered so long to rernain wholly unproductive. About three miles from Monastereven, near the road, and on the right banks of the Barrow, stand the noble ruins of Lea Castle, once reckoned among the strongest of our feudal buildings. It was erected by the Fitz- geralds in 1260, burnt by Edward Bruce, in 1315, re- 242 NO. LIX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. some castellated mansion, embosomed in wood, form not only a fine residence but a striking feature in the district. Droughiville, once a place of note, and Lettybrook, the residence of J. H. Drought, Esq. are in this vicinity, which is naturally pretty, and considerably improved. The valley lying between Droughtville and Castle Bernard is watered by the Silver river, in its progress to the Brosna. We now leave the mountains of Slieve- bloom, and proceeding, the soil becomes better, and the country more improved. Passing Streamstown, the residence of Robert Cassidy, Esq. on the right, and the villas of Syngefield, Springfield, Ashfield, and Elmgrove, we reach PARSONSTOWN, or as it was formerly and still generally called, Birr, the second town in the King’s County, ranking next to Tullamore. The town is agreeably situated on one of the gentle acclivities which, issuing from the base of the long range of Slievebloom, diversify the surface for many miles around. It stands on the bounds of the county, and is watered by the Little Brosna, which here separates Tipperary from the King’s County, and falls into the Shannon about midway between Banagher and Portumna. The modern parts of the town are regularly laid out im good streets and squares, and very respectably inhabited. In the square near the centre of the town, is alow, doric pillar, surmounted by a statue of the Duke of Cumberland, erected in 1747, in commemoration of the services rendered by his Grace during the Scotch rebellion in the preceding year. The Church is a very handsome edifice; and the Roman Catholic Chapel, in a similar style, is a large and striking building. There are also Quaker and Methodist Meeting-houses; and, what is at least a novelty in this country, a Dissenting Roman Catholic Chapel. About a mile from the town is the Barrack, capable of containing three regiments of Infantry. There are a Fever Hospital, a Dispensary, and several other charitable institutions; also sundry Schools for the education of the poor; and various municipal offices connected with the town. In addition to a considerable NO. LIX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. 24) J. D. Clarke, Esq.; Zaunsdown, R. H. Moore, Esq. ; Woodbrooke, Jonathan Chetwood, Esq.; Garryhinch, John Warburton, Esq.; Zauragh, the Rev. Erasmus Burrowes; Knightstown, Josiah Kemmis, Esq. ; and Port- nahinch, John Tibbeaudo, Esq. Mountmellickis just the reverse of Portarlington, being a stirring business town. A branch of the Grand Canal from Monastereven, which passes close to Portarlington, extends to it, and along _this branch a considerable quantity of goods and country produce are carried. A settlement of Quakers has long existed here, who carry on cotton spinning, and various branches of trade, maintain a large school for the education of poor children, and promote by. example and precept, industry and moral improvement. Except to the west, the country around is flat, low, and intermixed with long fields of bog. The Owinass stream runs through the town, and, together with several other minor streamlets, fall into the Barrow a little below it. The latter, which takes its rise in the Slievebloom mountains a little to the west, is herea very small river. Summer G'rove, the seat of John Sabatier, Esq. is near the town; and near to it is Cap- pard, which we noticed in connection with Ballyfin, in our route to Limerick. On leaving Mountmellick, we reach, at three miles, the village of Rosenellis, which is situated at the base of the northern slopes of the Slievebloom mountains, along which our road continues till we enter the King’s County. Four miles from Rosenellis, we pass through the village of Clonaslie; near which are Britias, the seat of General Dunne, and Castle Cuff ruins. The country on the right is flat, bleak, boggy, and unin- teresting ; but on the left, is highly and agreeably varied by the slopes of the Slievebloom mountains, which accompany us till we reach the much-improved and naturally beautiful neighbourhood of Kinnety. Before reaching the neat hamlet of Kinnety, we enter the King’s County, and pass along the plantations of Castle Bernard, the fine seat of Bernard, Esq. The imprevements which have been effected in this beautifully situated demesne, together with the hand- R 8 244 NO. LX.——-DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. About five miles southwest of the town, and near the road leading to Nenagh, the well-known verdant hill of Knockshegouna, rises from the wide-spreading plain, and forms a remarkable object in the topography of the district. From its elevation and detached position, and the flatness of the country around, the views from the summit are of a most extensive nature ; and under favourable circumstances we would recommend all who are anxious to know the localities of this district, as well as the admirers of general scenery, to ascend Knockshegouna. Towards the southeast, the view is limited by the Slievebloom mountains, the greater part of their outlines, however, can be traced. On the east and north the eye ranges over all the King’s County, the counties of Kildare and Westmeath, resting on all the more prominent points which lie scattered through- out their extensive plains ; still more northerly it com- prehends a considerable portion of the counties of Roscommon and Galway, distinguishing even some of the mountains of Leitrim and Sligo. Westward, is seen that beautiful assemblage of pastoral hills which lie around the smooth and verdant Keeper mountains, and also that more rugged chain of hills which surround Lough Derg, and trend westward through Clare; and on the south the lovely fertile country which is bounded by the Devil’s Bit hilis. In the zone which more im- mediately belongs to Knockshegouna, you can distinctly note the towns of Borris-o-kane, Shinrone, Clough- jordan, and Parsonstown; Lough Derg, and several other reaches of the Shannon; the various seats and surrounding plantations, which adorn the surface, and the large brown fields of bog intermingling with the verdant lands. No. LX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. SECOND ROAD, BY ENFIELD, EDENDERRY, PHILIPSTOWN, TULLAMORE AND FRANKFORD. Miles. Miles. " “Enfield, asin No. LVII. #0|| Tullamore : . 72) 462 Edenderry dj 6 ° 9 | 293]| Frankford 5 - 92 =| »Philipstown - =. . 94°39 |] Parsonstown . - 83] 643 Branxcuine off the great western road at Enfield, we NO. LIX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. 243 corn trade, there are two Distilleries anda Brewery. The retail trade is very extensive; and the town and country immediately surrounding, is in a flourishing condition. The chief ornament of the town, however, is Birr Castle, the seat of the noble proprietor, the Earl of Rosse. Birr Castle was a building of some antiquity ; and was attacked by Sarsfield, but relieved by the British General Kirke. It has been completely modernised by the present proprietor, and the high embattled walls, towers, and gateways, which surround the offices and grounds, are all in keeping; and while they maintain the cha- racter of the mansion, add much to the general ap- pearance of the town. The beautiful and highly dressed grounds which surround the castle, can, at all times, be seen on application. In the lawn is a remark- ably large achromatic telescope, erected by Lord Oxmantown, who is much devoted to astronomical science. Parsonstown is a good halting place for those anxious: to visit the Slievebloom mountains; and although the latter are comparatively low and tame in their outlines, they present many picturesque dells and ravines; and from their summits, extensive views are obtained of the surrounding country. In the vicinity of the town the soil is fertile, well cultivated, and the surface considerably varied. Towards the mountains it is highly romantic. At five miles from the town, on the old road leading to Roscrea, are the ruins of Leap Castle, adjoining the hamlet and demesne of Leap, H. Darby, Esq.; and in this direction, but nearer the town, is Oakley Park, Stoney, Esq. On the south side of the town towards Roscrea, are Ballyeigan, B. Mullins, Esq.; Birrview, Barth. Warburton, Esq.; Sharavogue, the Lodge of Lord Rossmore ; Gloster, the seat of Colonel Lloyd, and seve- ral other handsome villas. Along the roads leading to Borris-o-kane, near the village of Ballyloughnane, are several extensive corn mills, and in that vicinity various neat suburban residences and highly improved farms, Woodfield, the residence of the Hon. Mr. Parsons, lies a little to the north of the town. 246. NO. LX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. and Abbey ruins of Monasteroris. Greenhills F. L. Dames, Esq. ; Ballyburly, John Wakely, Esq. ; Bally- britton, Castle ruins ; Clonan, and Rathmoyle, the highly improved and extensive farms of the Messrs. Rait, are all situated in the fertile country lying between Eden- derry and Rochfort Bridge. The Messrs. Rait are prac- tical farmers, and carry on the alternate husbandry on a large scale, and in the most improved manner. ‘Ehose who are interested in these branches of rural economy will not regret a slight detour to see their farms. - From Edenderry to Philipstown, we have the Bog of Allen on the one hand, and the flat country in which a good deal of rich lands and detached bogs are inter- mingled on the other. At three miles we pass, Bally~ killen and Ballylacken, and on the right, Lumville ; at six miles, Springfield and Mount Lucas. Philipstown, named in honor of Philip II. of Spain, consort of Queen Mary, till within those few years past, was the capital of the King’s County; but in conse- quence of its poverty and want of accommodation, the Assizes were transferred to the more central and im- portant town of Tullamore. The Grand Canal passes the town; which consists of one street, through which we pass on our way to Tullamore. Forth Castle, in which King Philip lodged during his stay in this part of the country, has been repaired, and is now inhabited. Two miles from the town, near the road leading to Kilbeggan, is Clonearl, the handsome seat of William Henry Magan, Esq.; adjoining it is Kilduff, Walsh, Esq. ; and near it, Cherrymount, Handy, Esq. To those desirous of knowing the nature of the surrounding country, the bearings of its various parts, and the great divisions of good and bad soil which the surface presents, Croghan hill will be an object of some interest. It rises near the middle of that immense central plain which oc- cupies so large a portion of the King’s and Queen’s Coun- ties, and of Kildare and Westmeath; and from almost every partit isa prominent object. It is generally grazed by sheep, and is considered the most fertile land in the district. From the summit of this remarkably verdant hill, you can note the different seats around, the meanderings NO. LX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. 245 soon pass through the small village of Johnstown ; and at five miles reach the hamlet and ruins of Castle- carberry.. The Castle, which is comparatively of modern date, is situated on the summit of a beautifully. verdant hill, whose long, fertile sides, generally covered with sheep, blend softly with the surrounding pastoral plain. The ruins, though greatly reduced, still form a striking feature for many miles round. On the left of. the hamlet of Castle Carberry, is Newberry, the former seat of Lord Harberton, now the residence of Edward Woolstenholme, Esq. This handsome, though hitherto neglected demesne, is watered by the infant Boyne shortly after it issues from the adjoining and extensive range of the Bog of Allen. At two anda half miles we enter the King’s County, and at three reach the small, neat town of EDENDERRY, which is situated on the north-eastern. extremity of that vast section of the Bog of Allen which we have briefly described. It formerly carried on some trade in the manufacture of coarse. woollens—which has now ceased ; and the principal business done is in corn, of which a considerable quantity is weekly brought to market. Although a good many Quakers have located here, they are only engaged in the retail trade of the. town and district. The Grand Canal runs past the town ; and the Boyne which we crossed on entering the King’s County, runs near to it. Edenderry belongs to the Marquis of Down- shire, who has contributed liberally towards its neat and orderly appearance... The Church, occupying the summit of one of the gravelly hills near the town, 1s a very conspicuous feature. From this hill you com- mand a very extensive view of the Bog of Allen and flat country around. On the road leading to Clonard, but in the county of Kildare, is Ballindolan, the ex- _tensively wooded seat of Borr, Esq.;. and to the left of it, well situated on the banks of the Boyne, Raheen, the seat of the Rev. Mr. Palmer. A little to the east of Ballindolan, is Waélliamstown, ' Williams, Esq. Adjoining the. town, are, the demesne, 248: NO. LX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. well cultivated, and contain several neat cottages and villas. The Jail and Court-house, the principal public buildings, which, in provincial towns, call forth the genius of the architect, are here well worthy of obser- vation. They stand together on a raised platform, -at the western end of the town, and display their respective styles of architecture—the Grecian, and the Castellated, to great advantage. The Church, Roman Catholic Chapel, and Public Schools, also appear to considerable advantage from the prominent sites they occupy. The Barracks, Meeting-houses for Dissenters, Market-house, &c. are in no way remarkable. Adjoining the town, is Charleville Forest, the seat of its noble proprietor, the Earl of Charleville. The mansion is a large, modern, castellated structure; and though the surface of the extensive demesne is flat, and does not contain one spot which conveys to the mind the site of a baronial castle, yet, from the extent and disposition of the plantations, the towers and battle- ments of the Castle mingling with the trees, have a good effect. The demesne is watered by the Clodagh The pleasure-grounds are extensive, and the inhabitants are allowed the privilege of walking through them. Dur- row Abbey, the fine seat of the Earl of Norbury, is about three miles from the town, on the Kilbeggan road. The village of Killeagh lies about four miles from Tullamore, on the road to Mountmellick. Near Killeagh, is Quarrymount. On the banks of the Canal, close to Tullamore, are the ruins of Shragh Castle. Leaving Tullamore, for Frankford, we cross the Clodagh, pass through a portion of Charleville Forest, leave Scragyeen, A. Andrews, Esq. on the right, Foxhall. on the left, and at five miles reach Pallas, the seat of Malone, Esq. A mile to the left of Pallas, is Mount-Pleasant, the seat of O’Connor, Esq.—the small lake of Pallas lying between the demesnes. Beyond Mountpleasant, on the borders of the Queen’s County,,is Annamore, —— Fox, Esq.; Lough Anna ; and near Mountpleasant, on the road leading from Portarlington to Parsonstown, by Killeagh, is the hamlet. of Mountbolus. Passing through the dreary, bogey: NO. LX.—DUBLIN TO PARSONSTOWN. 247 of the rivers, the comparative extent of arable and pasture lands, the vast space which the Bog of Allen occupies in the surrounding plain, and the great capa- bilities for territorial improvement which on every side present themselves. Eastward of Croghan, is Tobber- daly, J. D. Nesbitt, Esq.; and at the base of the hill is the Cottage of the noble proprietor, the Earl of Charleville. As we proceed to Tullamore, at two miles from Philipstown, is the village of Ballinagar, where a road branches off to Geashill—the Church, Parsonage, and old Castle of which, crown the summit of the long ridge on the right. Attached to the Castle is a Lodge, in which the agent of the Earl of Digby resides—his Lordship being proprietor of the entire barony of Geashill. A little beyond Ballinagar, also on the right, is Newtown, the seat of T. B. C. Smith, Esq.; and skirting the Bog of Allen on our right, we pass, at six miles from Philipstown, the old house of Capancur, and soon reach . TULLAMORE, now the principal and Assize town of the King’s County, situated in the centre of that immense boggy plain, known as the Bog of Allen, and which occupies so large a space of the centre of the island. It is the principal town on the line of the Grand Canal; and in addition to the boats to Ballinasloe and Limerick, which all touch here, there is a daily communication with Dublin by means of the swift iron boats lately established. The stream called the Tullamore river, runs through the town, and falls into the Clodagh a few miles below it. From its central situation, Tullamore is a place of considerable business ; and great quantities of corn and other provisions are forwarded by the Canal to Dublin. There is a large Distillery and Brewery, together with various other branches of trade connected with the supply of a large town and populous district. From the extent, regularity, and width of the streets ; the style of the shops and private dwellings, the town has a modern and very respectable appearance. The environs of the town, though by no means striking, are 250 NO. LXI.—DUBLIN TO: ENNIS. markable of all the old houses, dignified by the name of castles, and which are thickly scattered throughout the county of Clare. Adjoining is the demesne of Thomas Studdert, Esq., and opposite to the Castle, on the left of the road, a piece of land surrounding the old Church, is pointed at as the richest in the district. To the right of Bunratty, on the old road leading from Limerick to Ennis, and near the village of Six-mile Bridge, are Rosebanagher Castle; Mount Ivers, Ivers, Esq.; Ralehine, Vandeleur, Esq.; and beyond these, Casélecrine, Henry Butler, Esq.; and Belvoir, D. J. Wilson, Esq. A little beyond Bunratty, and on the road to Ennis, is Firgrove, John M‘Mahon, Esq. ; Clonmoney, Dennis Canny, Esq.; and Ballycasey, Matthew Canny, Esq. Two miles farther, on the left, is Cahirbane, Creegh, Esq. 3 near to Carrigeran, the fine seat of Sir Fitzgerald, Bart.; near which is the small town of NEWMARKET-ON-FERGUS, About a mile to the right of Newmarket, is Ballycar, Colpoys, Esq. ; on the left, near the Fergus, Carri- gerry, Charles Creagh, Esq.; and a little beyond it we pass Dromoland, the magnificent residence of Sir Lucius O’Brien, Bart. The mansion is a fine specimen of modern, castellated architecture ; and the extensive de- mesne, is well worthy of inspection. Near the back en- trance to this demesne, on a small hill called Lawnguh, are some curious Druidical ovals and circles, first noticed by T. Steele, Esq. in 1826. About three miles east of Dromoland, in the flat, rocky country which stretches far around, are the beautiful ruins of Quin Abbey, one of the finest and most perfect monasteries in Ireland. A limpid stream washes its massive walls; and adjoining are the ruins of the old Church, the plain, but substantial modern Church and Chapel, together with the small hamlet of Quin—the whole forming a very interesting group. Near the Abbey, is Quinville, John Singleton, Esq. In this estate, are the valuable lead mines opened in 1835. In the neighbourhood of Quin, are Hazle- wood, Dangan, Knockpogue ; and alittle to the eastward, Cullane, Thomas Steele, Esq. NO. LXI.—DUBLIN TO ENNIS.” 249 tract, in which the remains of several square piles, called Castles, may be traced, we reach the-small town of FRANKFORD. a little to the left of which, are the Hill of Knock, village of Ballyboy, and Songstown, Drought, Esq.; and on right, Broughall Castle, the residence of N. Fitzsimons, Esq. M.P. The stream called the Silver River, runs through the village of Ballyboy, and the town of Frank- ford, in its progress to the Brosna. Beyond Frankford, the country improves both in soil and culture; and passing Richmount, Davidstown, Rath, Clonbane, and. Eglish, we soon reach the vicinity of Parsonstown. No. LXI.—DUBLIN TO ENNIS. ‘FIRST ROAD, BY LIMERICK. Miles, Limerick, as in No. XXXII. 94 Cratloe-Cross a) aie iG 1100 Newmarket-on-Fergus . . 52] 1052 Ennis fy ao) a ttelit av Otol Le Tuts is the most convenient way of reaching Ennis from Dublin ; for on the arrival of the Dublin mail at Limerick, the cross mail from that city to Galway via Ennis, is dispatched. Crossing the Shannon by the Wellesley Bridge, the finest of all our bridges, we enter the county of Clare.; and, clearing the improving environs on that side of the river, soon reach the low, rich, alluvial lands lying along the northern shores of the Lower Shannon. At six miles we pass, on the left, Cratloe House, $8. A. O’Brien, Esq.; and on the right, skirt for a considerable distance Cratloe Wood, the largest remnant of natural forest existing in this part of the country. It isa very remarkable feature in the scenery; and the elevated rough lands which it covers, connect with the chain of hills running eastward to Lough Derg, and forming the boundary of the valley on this side of the Shannon. The road crosses the Ougarnie river, near the old castle of Bunratty, formerly the residence of the Earls of Thomond. It is now used as a Police Barrack ; and is still the most perfect and.re- 252: NO. LXI.—DUBLIN TO ENNIS. bay of Galway, to that rocky tract through which the road from Loughrea to Galway runs, and which is noticed in page 232. Ennis is watered by the Fergus, which receives the Clareen a little above the town. The old parts of the town lie huddled together close to the river, without any wall or other boundary whereby to mark its ancient limits. The modern additions stragele out along the public roads in long lines of cabins and detached houses, so that both the new and old parts of the town, suburbs and outskirts, are il defined, scattered, and do not present a single good street. The retail trade of Ennis, except in provisions, is not so extensive as might be expected from its central situation, and the great extent of well-inhabited country westward. This is accounted for by its being too near Limerick, the rapid means of communication, and the conveniences of transport afforded by the Shannon. A considerable extent of agricultural produce is, however, weekly purchased and forwarded for shipment to Clare ; and a little is done in the linen and flannel trade. The public buildings are the Court-house, Prison, and the usual offices and hospitals common to a county town. The remains of the Franciscan Abbey, founded in 1240, by Donald Carbrac O’Brien, Prince of Thomond, are interesting. Only a small part exists, but that con- tains a fine window of very exquisite workmanship. The Parish Church is attached to the fragment of the venerable ruin. ‘There are also several schools, and a large Roman Catholic Chapel. In and about the town are many neat detached houses ; and though the country around, in its general appearance, is very bleak, cold, and craggy, there is much good land, and several lovely villas in the romantic dells which are encompassed by the low, rockyhills. Among the latter wemay enumerate Eidenvale, Richard J. Stackpoole, Esq.; Ballyally, Andrew Stackpoole, Esq.; and Stamerpark, Michael Finucane, Esq. NO. LXI.—DUBLIN TO ENNIS. 25k Resuming our road, a little beyond Dromoland, to the right, is Castlefergus, William Smith, Esq. It is situated on the banks of the Quin river, which we cross at Latoon bridge. Two miles farther, on the left, is Carnelly, the handsome demesne of Stamer, Esq. ; and near to it the small town of CLARE, which, as Mr. Inglis observes, “ from its situation ought to be the county town instead of Ennis. There is a fine navigation up the estuary of the Fergus to the bridge of Clare so that Clare is the export point of the Ennis market. A very trifling expenditure would, how- ever, extend the water communication to Ennis.” This little town is beautifully situated at the mouth of the Fergus, which, falling over a ledge of rocks, meets the tide water under the walls of Clare Castle; and gives the name of the Fergus River to that large estuary, or rather internal basin of the Shannon, which runs up to this little town. Clare Castle is occupied as an Infantry Barrack, and is capable, with the large buildings adjoin- ing, of containing a considerable number of men. To the left of Clare, on the opposite banks of the Fergus, are Newhall, the handsome residence of John M‘Donnell, Esq.; and Duneraggy, an old, neglected, but beautifully situated seat of the noble family of Burton. Here the aspect and character of the country change. The rich, deep, alluvial lands which accompany the banks of the Shannon from Limerick, and in many places stretch several miles inland, are succeeded by that craygy, bleak, but good pastoral district, which occupies so large a portion of the limestone district of the county of Clare. The interesting. ruins of Clare Abbey, erected by Donald O’Brien, King of Munster, in 1194, stand near the Fergus river, about a mile above the town; and nearly midway between Clare and ENNIS, the county town of Clare, returning a member to the imperial parliament, stands near the centre of the county and also near the- commencement of that craggy, pastoral plain which stretches across the country from the estuary of the Fergus, and along the head of the 254 NO. LXIJ.—DUBLIN TO ENNIS. wards by packet boats to Limerick. The extensive slate quarries in the neighbourhood export about 100,000 tons yearly. An extensive mill has been erected for sawing marble; and. new level lines of road con- necting it with the country around, have lately been formed. Killaloe was formerly an important military pass; and here in 1691, Sarsfield intercepted the artillery of King William, which was coming up to aid in the siege of Limerick. In the interesting and highly picturesque vicinity, a little below the town, and on the Clare side of the river, is Clarisford House, the diocesan seat of the Bishops of Killaloe ; and opposite to it, on the Tipperary side, Fort-Henry, White, Esq.; and near it, Brien’s Fort. Above the town, also on the Clare side, is Ballyvally, Parker, Esq.; and opposite, Derry Castle, Head, Esq. These two seats occupy prominent and beautiful situations on the bold banks which here bound the lake. Above Derry-castle, on the slopes of the hills which skirt the shores of the lower reach of the lake from Nenagh to Killaloe, are the Slate quarries which have been so long and successfully worked; and on the margin of Lough Derg, about two miles above Derry- castle, is Castlelough, Parker, Esq. The beautiful line of road lately made by the Board of Works from Killaloe to Scariff, between the shores of Lough Derg and Slieveberagh, and round the point of Agnish, while it shews how much the pleasures, comforts, and business of the country are promoted by the application of science and practical skill to road- making, displays some of the most interesting mountain and lake scenery in this district of the island. Indeed it will bear a comparison with any scenery we enjoy except the finer parts of Kerry, Cork, Cunnemara, and Donegal. Tannerane, Simon Purdon, Esq. lies about four miles from Killaloe, near the lake. From any of the more elevated points of Slieve-beragh, splendid views are obtained of Lough Derg, those parts of the counties of Galway and Tipperary which bound its shores, a con- ‘siderable part of the counties of Limerick and Clare, and reaches of the broad waters of the Lower Shannon 253 No. LXII—DUBLIN TO ENNIS. SECOND ROAD, BY KILLALOE AND BROADFORD. Miles. Miles. Kilmastulla, or Birdhill, Broadford z - g9}lo4ss asin No. XXXII. 823)| Ennis Pret 0 (5) nai Killaloe . 5 ; - dt 852 KILLALOE can be conveniently reached by the well- appointed boats plying daily along the Grand Canal and Lough Derg; and as the steamers which navigate the latter are of considerable power, the beauties of that splendid inland lake can be agreeably and quickly seen. There are no public conveyances across the hilly country lying between Killaloe and Ennis; but post- horses and cars can be obtained at Killaloe. The roads from Nenagh to Killaloe, along the shores of Lough Derg, are very hilly ; and we would therefore recom- -mend those who do not proceed by water to keep the Limerick road as far as Birdhill, and thence, three miles along a level road to Killaloe. This is the shortest and most convenient way of reaching it, and at Birdhill post-horses and cars can be obtained. About a mile below Lough Derg, the most splendid enlargement of the Upper Shannon, and where its broad waters again assume the river character, and dash over the rapids, stands the ancient and thriving little town of Killaloe. It has long been a diocesan site, and by the late episcopal arrangements, Clonfert has been united with this See. The Cathedral is a plain, ancient, long, massive building, originally built in 1160; and near it the ruins of the Mausoleum of Brien Boroimhe, and the Oratory of St. Molna. The long lines of cabins which mainly constitute this little town, are scattered along the higher slopes, and towards the new Pier. A bridge of nineteen arches here crosses the river, and connects the counties of Clare and Tipperary ; and the village on the opposite side of the bridge is called Ballina. Killaloe is now the head quarters of the Inland Steam Navigation Company, who have fitted up a spacious Hotel, and are building new quays and extensive stores. From this point there is a regular steam communication for goods and passengers u the Shannon; and down- 256 No. LXIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNIS. THIRD ROAD, BY LOUGHREA AND GORT. ; Miles. Miles. Loughrea, asin No. LVII. | 87 |} Crusheen A ‘ 8} 107 Gort ah 12] 9 | Ennis , . Shs 7 114 On the arrival of the Galway mail at Loughrea, a mail car is despatched to Gort, where it meets the Galway and Limerick cross mail coach; and by this route Ennis can be reached nearly as soon as by Limerick. In- dependent of the public conveyances, there is tolerably good posting from Loughrea to Gort. Although this road is not so generally travelled as by Limerick, it is very convenient for those who may have business in Athlone, Ballinasloe, Loughrea, or anywhere northward of these towns. From Loughrea we proceed by the romantically situ- ated village of Kilchreest, the picturesque and beautiful demesne of Roxborough, and the adjoining residences of Castleboy and Castledaly, all noticed in our route to Galway. From Kilchreest to the neighbourhood of Gort, the road skirts the base of that wild, moorland tract of hills, which, with some slight intermissions, continues southward to the shores of Lough Derg—a distance, in a direct line, of twenty miles. The country through which the road passes is admirably suited for pasturage ; and on the left, is beautifully varied by the slopes of the hills. About eight miles we pass, on the left, Tylara, the seat of Martin, Esq.; and a little beyond it, near the cross-road from Gort to Oranmore, is Cregelare, the seat of James Lambert, Esq.; Castletaylor, Gen. Taylor; and the hamlet of Ardrahan. At ten miles we pass Coole, the seat of Gregory, Esq.; near which is Raheen, the demesne of O’Hara, Esq. The thriving and prettily situated small town of Gort stands on the borders of the county of Galway, in the plain lying between the hills of Burren on the west, and those in the barony of Loughrea on the east. It-is watered by a stream which bears the surplus of several small loughs above the town into the bay of Galway, at Kinvara harbour, environed by some extent. of good, though bleak and craggy lands, and consider- NO. LXII.—DUBLIN TO ENNIS. 255 lying between them. Leaving Killaloe for Ennis, we keep along the right bank of the Shannon, and under Crag mountain, whose picturesque slopes are cultivated almost to the summit, passing at two and a half miles, Ross, the residence of Westropp, Esq.; and at four, Bridgetown, John Brown, Esq. Here, turning to the right, we cross, by a narrow valley, the chain of hills reaching from Six-mile Bridge to Scariff, and which, under the name of the Clare mountains, form so important a feature in the scenery north of Limerick. Five miles from Killaloe we pass, on the right, Glenor- mara, the seat of Arthur, Esq. ; and at nine, reach the hamlet of Broadford. Close to which is Hurleston, Bentley, Esq.; and one mile beyond it, Doon House, Butler, Esq. To the left of the small Lough of Doon, are Kellyderry, and Woodfield. From this to Ennis, the road lies through a portion of that bleak limestone district which we have noticed in our last route ; and passing, at three miles from Broadford, the village of Callaghan’s Mills, to the right of which is Killgoury, then Fort Anne, and Garuragh, we reach the village of Tulla. In the vicinity of this village, the country is considerably varied, and the bleakness re- lieved by the numerous detached hills and small lakes which are scattered around. On the left, is that low range of hills which reaches to the flat lands near Gort. A mile from Tulla, is Kiltanan, the handsome residence of James Moloney, Esq. ; and in addition to the pleasure felt by a well-kept residence in a naked and: sadly ne- glected country, some interest is excited by the sub- terraneous course of the rivulet called the Tomeens, which waters this demesne: Near Kiltanan, is Newgrove, the residence of James Browne, Esq. ; and beyond it, on the left, Clony, the residence of Burton Bindon, Esq. A mile farther, is the village of Spancel Hill, noted for its horse fairs; to the left of which is Moreisk, the seat of Lord Fitzgerald and Vesey. We pass Castletown and Tureen ; and at three miles from Spancel Hill, reach Ennis. i 258 NO. LXIV.—DUBLIN TO KILRUSH AND KILKEE. As we proceed from Gort to Ennis, we pass, about two miles from the former, Ashfield, Foster, Esq. ; and beyond it, Cregg, Walter Butler, Esq. ; Sallymount and Bannehow, William Butler, Esq.; at five miles, enter the county of Clare; at eight, pass through the village of Crusheen ; and beyond which, on the right, is Ballyline, the seat of Augustine Butler, Esq.; near this, on the same side, is Port, Hugh O’Loughlin, Esq.; and on the left of the road, opposite to Ballyline, Williamstown, —— Butler, Esq. The seats between Ballyline and Ennis have been noticed in connection with the environs of the latter town. No. LXIV.—DUBLIN TO KILRUSH & KILKEE. FIRST ROAD, BY ENNIS. Miles. Ennis, as in No. LXI. 112 Kilrush ‘ 5 - Sr gaa) aby Kilkee : : —" . 8140 Kizrusu, one of the most thriving towns in Clare, is next to Ennis in trade and population. It is situated near the mouth of the Shannon, and the last port on the Clare side of the estuary. Along the new line of road lately made from Ennis, a car starts for Kilrush on the arrival of the Dublin mail, and this is the only public conveyance, except the steamer from Limerick, which plys only in summer, and on alternate days. The dreary country, across which the road lies, is a part of that hilly tract, stretching westward to the Atlantic; and although there is much arable and pasturable land alternating with the bog and marsh, all is wretchedly tenanted, and of course as wretchedly cultivated. The thriving little seaport town of Kilrush, stands near the head of a small creek or inlet of the Shannon, into which the steamers and other vessels run; and from the new quay, increased trade, large corn stores, wide streets, and good houses, its prosperity is evident; as is also the care bestowed by the proprietor, Crofton Moore Vandeleur, Esq., whose fine demesne adjoins the KO. LXII.—DUBLIN TO ENNIS. O5m ably beautified by the plantations and other improve- ments connected with the residence of the noble proprietor, Viscount Gort. It is pleasing to observe that in the alinement of the streets, and building of the houses, ‘considerable atten- tion has been paid to order and convenience. The shops look smart, and supply the country around with every necessary. For this kind of trade Gort is well circumstanced, being twelve miles distant from any other town. About two miles from the town, and on the left of the road to Ennis, is Loughcooter Castle, the fine resi- dence of Viscount Gort. The demesne is well wooded. The mansion rises proudly over the beautiful lough which gives its name to the place; and: though of moderate dimensions, possesses much of that boldness and picturesqueness of outline which constitute the charms of castellated architecture. The Castle and entrance Lodges are in the same style, and were built from designs of Mr. Nash. Three miles from the town near the road leading to Curofin, are the ruins of the Round Tower and Seven Churches of Kilmacduagh. The tower is nearly perfect; but considerably off the perpendicular. A part of the ruin dignified by the name of Cathedral, still exists; but the relics of the others are only discernible ; and judging from what re- mains, they must have been at best mere huts, worse than even those which the virtuosi have pressed into the service at Glendalough and Clonmacnoise ; and though wanting that interest arising from the lake and mountains surrounding the former, or that which is produced by the low ranges of pastoral hills, and the deep sullen waters of the Shannon, bounding the latter, still there is a sternness and coldness of character about Kilmacduagh, where all, mountain and plain, as far as the view extends, seem one vast sheet of lime- stone, which accords with the solitary ruins and the extensive cemetery connected with them. Close to the ruins is Rockville, the residence of Darcy, Esq. ; and two miles westward, is the seat of Bindon Blood, Esq. Ss 260 NO. LXV.—DUBLIN TO KILRUSH. the intermediate small inlets of Dunbeg and Liscannor. About sixteen miles, that is from Loophead to Dunbeg, the shore presents, on a magnificent scale, the ruins of nature in the numerous and endlessly varied caverns, chasms, bays, headlands, and island rocks, into which the ceaseless warring of the Atlantic waves have broken the bold, cliffy coast. As Kilkee stands about midway in the above range of coast, it is a good halting place for those anxious to see this interesting scenery, which may be easily enjoyed in calm weather from the cliffs, the land rising gradually towards the shore. About thirty small canoes made of wicker work, and covered with waterproof canvass, comprise the fishing establish- ment at Kilkee. The cliffs are seen to most advantage from the water; and although the canoes answer the heavy sea which rolls along this coast better than boats, it requires considerable nerve to venture in such frail barks. The country around Kilkee is poorly inhabited, and wretchedly cultivated. It contains a great deal of bog and marsh mixed with the arable lands. Roads run from Kilrush and Kilkee to the point of Loophead; so that the Light-house, the natural bridges near the village and bay of Ross, the various caverns and bays on either side of Cape Lean, as this long, bold promontory is sometimes called, can be conveniently visited from either of these towns. No. LXV.—DUBLIN TO KILRUSH. SECOND ROAD, BY ENNIS, KILDYSART, AND KNOCK. Miles. Miles. 112), Knock a 132 19] 194\| Kilrush iat Ennis, as in No. LXI. Kildysart Ir we proceed by Limerick, a road branches off at Clare, two miles before we reach Ennis; but as there are neither public conveyances nor stages on this line, it will be necessary to procure horses to be in waiting at Clare. This, of course, will not be required if we reach Ennis by any of the other roads. The road by Kildysart is seldom travelled except by those who have business in that part of the country. NO. LXIV.—DUBLIN TO KILRUSH AND KILKEE. 259 town. On the heights, a little west of Kilrush, is Mountpleasant, the residence of J. L. Cox, Esq. The island of Scattery, on which a small Fort has been erected, lies a little off the shore. According to tra- ditionary statements, St. Senan is said to have established a place of worship here before the arrival of St. Patrick. However that may be, the fragments of several small Churches, and the ancient round tower 120 feet high, which still graces the scene, incontestibly prove its antiquity. This small island is remarkable for the resort of pilgrims on certain festivals. In front of Scattery, is Hog Island. Near Kilrush, is the creek of Poolnasherry, much frequented by boats, which carry off great quantities of turf from the adjacent bogs to Limerick. Beyond this, on the road leading to Loophead, are the bay, fishing village, and Castle of Carrigaholt, and the picturesque Light-house of Kilkredane. KILKEE is now a watering place of considerable im- portance, having been of late years greatly resorted to by the citizens of Limerick, as also by the gentry of the adjoining country. It is situated on the shores of a beautiful little smooth circular creek which runs in off Malbay, marked in the charts of the Clare coast, Moore Bay, and where the swell of the mighty billows is broken by a ledge of rocks which stretch across the entrance of the inlet. Kilkee is part of the large estates of the Marquis Conyngham ; but held under lease by J. Studdert, Esq. whose Lodge adjoins the town. In the erection of the numerous little houses lately added to this attractive watering place, no attention seems to have been paid either to comfort or arrangement. There are, however, a Hotel, numerous Lodging-houses, and Cars which run daily to and from Kilrush, in connection with the Limerick steamers. The part of the coast lying between Loophead, the northern point of the mouth of the Shannon, and Hag’s- head, fully thirty miles in extent, has been justly denominated Malbay; for, if a vessel happen to be embayed there, the only places where there is the least chance of saving the ship, are on the northern sides of 262 No. LXVI--DUBLIN. TO ENNISTYMOND, MILLTOWN MALBAY, AND THE CLIFFS OF MOHER. FIRST ROAD, BY ENNIS. TO MILLTOWN MALBAY. TO CLIFFS OF MOHER. Miles. | Miles. Ennis, as in No. LXI. 112 || Lahinch, as before 1263 Ennistymond . . . 123|124¢) Cliffs of Moher 130 Lahinch . ‘ e a2. 1263! Milltown Malbay . . 6 {1323| On the arrival of the mails at Ennis, a mail car is despatched for Ennistymond and Milltown-Malbay. This is the only public conveyance during the winter ; but in summer, a two-horse car runs in addition to the mail car to Milltown. Ennistymond is a town of very little importance ; Milltown Malbay is known as a water- ing place; and, as regards cliff scenery, Moher is unequalled in Ireland. As we proceed along the rugged plain through which a considerable portion of the road from Ennis to Ennis- tymond lies, the wretched state of the habitations and the sad state of culture, cannot fail to arrest attention. The aspect of the country is gloomy; and the moun- tains of Callan on our left, which rise to a considerable elevation, but little relieve the cheerless character of the scene. Near the Callan mountains, about six miles from Ennis is the sepulchral stone of Conan, and an Ogham inscription. Perhaps no town in the kingdom is more romantically situated than Ennistymond. It is encompassed by a low range of picturesque hills, adorned by the plantations of Ennistymond House, the seat of Andrew Finucane, Esq. and watered by the Oyna, which throws in one body the numerous streams issuing from the hills, along the base of which it glides, over a high and broken ledge of rocks into the tide water which runs up to the town from Liscannor bay. The rapid here is, in point of picturesque beauty, equal to that of the Owenmore at Ballisadare. Ennistymond, from its situation, if properly encouraged, might vie with any other little town in the kingdom. Near the town is the old Castle of the O’Briens; and Woodmount, Lysaght, Esq. NO. LXV.—DUBLIN TO KILRUSH. 261 It is one of the old lines, and in many parts very hilly and ill constructed; but the country is in some places romantic and beautiful, and as the road lies generally along the northern shores of the Shannon, magnificent views of the estuary are obtained. If we except the road from Killaloe to Scariff, it is, at least to the tourist, by far the most interesting reach of road along the whole course of the Shannon. Leaving Clare, passing the demesnes of Newhall and Buncraggy, noticed in our first road to Ennis at seven miles from that town we pass Fort Fergus; and at eight, reach Paradise, the villa of Thomas Arthur, Esq. The above places are beautifully situated, and command fine views of the estuary of the Fergus, and of the large fertile islands which here break and diversify the broad expanse of water. Perhaps there is no portion of the lake scenery of Ireland more beautiful than this part of the Fergus. The shores are bold and verdant; and the fertile islands of Innismurray, Innis- tuberat, Innismaguny, and Illangranock, &c. are beauti- fully scattered throughout the deep waters of the estuary. Two miles from Paradise, we pass through the im- proving village of Kildysart; about two miles to the right of which is Ballylain, the residence of William Coppinger, Esq. A little beyond Kildysart, we pass Cahircon, the residence of John Scott, Esq. one of the most romantic and delightfully situated demesnes on the Shannon. The entrance gate is a remarkable feature ; and the beautiful grounds connected with this place are highly improved. Passing the headland and bay of Labeshida on the left, as also Ballygartney, the resi- dence of Thomas Barclay, Esq. we soon reach Clounder- law, George Studdert, Esq.; and opposite to it, Thorn- bury, William Studdert, Esq. The hamlet and Church of Kilmurry adjoin these demesnes; and two miles beyond it, prettily situated on Clounderlaw bay, is Kilmore, the residence of Poole Hickman, Esq. little below this are the Post-office, hamlet, and woods of Knock, the latter stretching along, and beautifying the banks of the Shannon for a considerable distance. Five miles from Knock we reach the demesne of C. M. Vandeleur, Esq. which stretches to the town of Kilrush. SS 264 NO. LXVI.—DUBLIN TO ENNISTYMOND, ETC. The cliffs of Moher are about three miles north-east of the village of Lahinch. They form a part of the South sound, lying between Hagshead and Blackhead. Leaving Lahinch, we proceed along the sandy beach, by the new line of road lately opened by the Board of Works; and cross the mouth of the Oyne river, near the ruins of Liscannor Castle. Passing the poor village of Liscannor, and Birchfield, the residence of Cornelius O’Brien, Esq. M. P. we reach the road which leads to the Cliffs. The traveller will observe the improvements effected by Mr. O’Brien, not merely within the boundaries of the grounds attached to his house, but throughout his estates. These, consisting of comfortable houses for his tenantry, roads, draining and reclaiming waste lands, show how much may be done under proper management, and by a moderate outlay. Nor has he been unmindful of the comforts and conveniencies of the tourist ; as the various drives and walks along the Cliffs; the stables, coach-houses, and splendid banquetting rooms will abundantly testify. To attempt a minute description of the cliffs of Moher would far exceed the limits of our work; suffice it to say, that they extend from Hagshead to Doolin bay, a distance of five miles, rise perpendicularly from two to eight hundred feet above the ocean, and display all that - wonderful and striking variety of awfully impending cliff, deep ravine, resounding cavern, and detached island-rock, arched and pinnacled in a thousand gro- tesque forms, which the cliffs here, in common with all those composed of flint and clay rock, exhibit, when exposed to the ceaseless fury of a heavy sea. To hear the deep sounds of the ocean surge; to look from the dizzy heights, and see its billows breaking and foaming against the rugged basement; the myriads of sea fowl breasting the wave, wheeling in mid-air, or congregated on the pinnacles of the time-worn rocks, at once fills the mind with awe and admiration. We have thus briefly noticed the interesting, but hitherto little known scenery of this part of the county of Clare, which reaches from Doolin bay to the Shannon. To see this tract of coast advantageously, would repuire NO. LXVI.—-DUBLIN TO ENNISTYMOND, ETC. 263 Four miles from Ennistymond, on the road leading to Burrin, is the poor village of Kilfenora. A fragment of the old Abbey still remains in the church-yard; and at its entrance are several ancient crosses. The land imme- diately around Kilfenora, is of good quality, and better cultivated than around Ennistymond. Near Kilfenora, is the Deanery house, and the demesne of Ballykale. Two miles from Ennistymond, on the road to Milltown Malbay, we pass through the large village of Lahinch ; now frequented as a bathing place. It enjoys a fine strand, but is much exposed to the fury of the western waves. Near it are the ruins of Moy Castle, and several bathing lodges. Proceeding in a southerly direction along the shore, and through a country which possesses few attractive features, at six miles from Lahinch, we reach the watering place, and commodious Hotel of Milltown Malbay. ‘This large house was erected some years ago by subscription ; andis well frequented. It con- tains sixty bed-rooms, with suitable sitting rooms, coffee room, ball room, stables, &c. A number of private lodges have lately been built ; and the neighbourhood, as a watering place, is improving. Near the town, are Milltown House, and Seaview, Morony, Esqrs. Milltown lies on a small inlet of Malbay, and about half way between Dunbeg and Liscannor. This part of Malbay, though presenting several ranges of lofty cliffs, is not so bold and continuous as from Dunbeg to Loophead. It is broken into low reefs of rocks and intervening sandy coves, into which the sea heavily beats. The country around Milltown, and along the coast towards Kilkee, wears a desolate aspect—not aseat is to be seen. The land is of a very mixed quality, yet is susceptible of much improvement. The roads are bad; and the greater part of the country belongs to non-resident proprietors, who seem regardless of every thing but the collection of rent. The old town of Milltown lies about a mile to the right of the Hotel; and the straggling village of Dunbeg is about ten miles distant on the road to Kilkee. At Spanish- point, near the town, two of the vessels belonging to the Spanish Armada were wrecked. 266 NO. LXVIII.—DUBLIN TO BALLYVAUGHAN, ETC. and a considerable extent of the surrounding country belong. Adjoining, is Rockstown, Blood, Esq. ; and Elmvale, O’Brien, Esq. From Curofin to Ennistymond, the road lies through a very bleak country, and joins the Ennis and Ennis- tymond road, at a short distance from the latter place. No LXVIII—DUBLIN TO BALLYVAUGHAN AND BURRIN. BY GORT. TO BALLYVAUGHAN. TO BURRIN. ; Miles. Miles Gort, as in No. LXIII. 99 | Gort, asin No. LXIII. | 99 Ballyvaughan « «20 | 1191! Burrin Sens) ee EE _ We have introduced the small village of Burrin, as bearing the name, and Ballyvaughan, as lying in the centre of the wild and unfrequented district, to be briefly noticed, namely the barony of Burrin. The small village of Burrin, in which a_ post-office for the accommodation of the district, has been estab- lished, lies at the eastern end of the barony, and at a short distance from the village and harbour of New Quay, and the celebrated Burrin oyster banks. Bally- vaughan is a thriving little town, lying nearly in the centre of the district, and only eight miles distant from the town of Galway by water. From the new quay about to be erected, the roads in progress along the coast from Liscannor, Ballyvaughan is likely to in- crease both in size and importance. The barony of Burrin is that district of the county of Clare, wiich stretches along the southern shores of the bay of Galway, and also along a considerable portion of the coast of the South sound. Till lately, no good road ran through the district, and consequently it was little known to the generality of travellers; now, it is traversed by the new roads from Ennis to New-quay ; New-quay to Ballyvaughan, and thence along the shore to Liscannor bay, passing Doolin and the Cliffs of Moher; and the improved hilly road from Ballyvaughan to Kilfenora. NO. LXVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISTYMOND, ETC. 265 at least four days ; and the small towns of Ennistymond, Lahinch, Milltown Malbay, Kilkee, and Kilrush, which lie at convenient distances along or near the shore, afford accommodation, and the means of conveyance.— For further particulars relative to this coast, see the Guide to Kilkee, by Mary John Knott.* About five miles from Lahinch, on the road leading along the shores of Blackhead bay, is Doolin. Castle, the residence of W. N. M‘Namara, Esq. M.P. It is situated near the bay of Doolin, where the schistose . rocks, composing the cliff scenery from Loophead to this point end, and are here succeeded by the Limestone which pervades the barony of Burrin, and the country for many miles eastward. No. LXVIL—DUBLIN TO ENNISTYMOND, MILLTOWN MALBAY, AND THE CLIFFS OF MOHER. SECOND ROAD, BY GORT AND CUROFIN. TO MILLTOWN MALBAY,. TO CLIFFS OF MOHER. Miles. Miles. Gort, as in No. LXIII. 99 | Ennistymond . : 130 Curofin F - 12/121 || Cliffs of Moher A 135 Ennistymond . 2 » 9/1380 Lahinch . F rei by Milltown Malbay . . 48{186% Leavine Gort for Curofin, we may either proceed by the new roads leading to the ruins of Kilmacduagh, or ‘branch off the Gort and Ennis road within three miles of the village of Crusheen. The small, poor town of Curofin, is romantically situ- ated in the plain lying between the rocky hills of Burrin and Inchiquin, and near the lakes of Tedano and Inchiquin. These lakes connect with a chain of smaller ones, which run towards Kilmacduagh. Close to the lake of Inchiquin, are the ruins of a Castle, once the residence of that branch of the O’Briens, who now enjoy the Marquisate of Thomond, and to whom the town * Dublin, vublished by William Curry, Jun. and Co. 268 No. LXIX.—DUBLIN TO BORRIS-O-KANE. BY PARSONSTOWN. BY ROSCREA, Miles. Miles. ‘ Parsonstown, as in No. LXIX..| 623]] Roscrea,as in No.XXXII.J 59 Borris-o-kane Pee - 1l| 783|| Shinrone . A pes) Borris-o-kane . - Sf 72 Iw addition to the places above noticed, Borris-o-kane may also be conveniently reached off the Limerick road from Dunkerrin and Moneygall. The environs of Par- sonstown we have already noticed, also the hill of Knockshegouna, which lies to the left of our road. On leaving Parsonstown, we enter the county of Tip- perary, and at seven miles pass, on the right, Lisbrien, Bunbury, Esq.; and Castle- Shepherd, beyond which is Sopwell-hall, Trench, Esq. Uskane lies on the left, at nine miles from Parsonstown; and two miles further, is the small town of BORRIS-O-KANE. A small stream which discharges the waters of the flat country to the south of the town, runs through it, and falls into Lough Derg, about three miles northward, Turryglass bay, an arm of Lough Derg, runs within three miles of the town; but from this it seems to profit but little; and thoughit is eight miles from Nenagh, ten from Portumna, eleven from Parsonstown, twelve from Roscrea, and surrounded by a populous country, little business is done. The banks of Lough Derg, adjoining Borris-o-kane, are pleasantly varied, though not bold. Numerous groups of cottages are scattered around, and several respectable farm houses. Among the seats on the banks of the Shannon, we may notice Casilebiggs, and Firmount Hill. Near the town, is Greyfort ; and on the road leading towards Nenagh, Mount Faulkner, Lettyville, and Ballinderry. By the road from Roscrea we have noticed the country as far as Shinrone, in No. XXXII. From that we pass Modreny, the seat of Sir Amyrald Danser, Bart. leaving the pleasantly-situated village of Cloughjordan, and its well cultivated neighbourhood, to the left. From this to Borris-o-kane there is little to remark. NO. LXVIII.— DUBLIN TO BALLYVAUGHAN, ETC. 267 The general features of the greater part of the barony of Burrin, are altogether different from those of any other part of the country. In the central portion of this district, the entire surface seems one unbroken mass of limestone rock, and the bare hills rising from the shore to a great elevation, in regularly receding terraced flights, present a vast amphitheatrical outline. The disjointed blocks, composing the surface of this immense concavity, though not deposited with all the precision of the Trap rocks, are laid generally in horizontal lines, giving to the whole, at a distance, a regular and formal character. The more elevated parts are destitute of herbage, and present to the eye an arid, cold, and joyless waste, unchanged by either summer’s sun or winter’s cold, and but little varied by either light or shade. The lands around the hamlet of Newquay, are fertile, and produce excellent crops of Wheat. Tinivara House, the residence of Skerrit, Esq. adjoins the quay ; and connected with it, is the wooded hill of Borneen, a singular feature in this bleak country. The Abbey of Corcomroe lies a little to the east of the village of Burrin ; it contains the remains of a monument erected to Donough O’Brien, King of Thomond, who was killed in 1267. To the west of Newquay, along the coast, there are considerable fields of tillage lands; and several bathing lodges along the bold shores of Blackhead bay. Beyond Ballyvaughan, therocky district gradually blends into the moorland tracts which again give place to the more fertile lands around Kilfenora. ‘Those who wish to examine this district, the scenery and character of which, are quite distinct from every other part of the kingdom, may either proceed from Ballyvaughan to Kilfenora, or along the bold shores of Blackhead bay, from Ballyvaughan to Liscannor. It will be necessary to procure conveyances, &c. at Gort; for unless the traveller chances to call at Mr. Hinds’, of Newquay, where they may replenish their store, there is little in the shape of refreshments to be met with in the barony of Burrin. 270 No. LXX.—DUBLIN To PORTUMNA AND SCARIFF. and unbroken, save by the old walls of Torr Castle. In summer these vast flats, afford good grazing and pasturage ; but in winter, when the river is swollen, they are covered to the level of Lough Derg, and appear like an extension of that great body of water. How- ever unattractive to the admirer of the picturesque, these dreary flats may seem, or however tame and lifeless the canal-like water may be to the mere lover of river scenery ; still to those who overlook all those details, there is in the spectacle of a large inland river, destitute of banks, and flowing through an apparently interminable plain, something which excites emotions nearly allied to the sublime: and if to the interest arising from those mere visual objects we add, that, here at a dis- tance of thirty Irish miles from the tide water, and up to Athlone, thirty miles more, this noble river is at present navigated by steam vessels, and that this mode of communication is capable of being extended along its waters through the centre of the country for nearly eighty miles farther, surely there is ample recom- pense made for the absence of those beauties of which kind nature has been so lavish, in the adjoining shores of Lough Derg; to see which we would recommend the traveller to sail down by the steamer to Killaloe. Having crossed the Shannon by the wooden bridge, together with the causeway, 820 feet long, we enter the county of Galway, and at half a mile from the_ river reach PORTUMNA, in which but little business is done; and where there is little to notice save the long lines of cabins which compose the small town, the Church, and ruins of the Dominican Friary attached, the demesne of the noble proprietor, the Marquis of Clanrickard, stretching along the shores of Lough Derg, and containing the ruins of his baronial Castle which was burned by accident in 1826. Leaving Portumna, at three miles, we cross the Killy- mar river, and proceeding along the bleak country, pass Flower Hill, and Pallas, the seats of Nugent, Esq. on the right; also Reaghan, Castleburke, and Abbeyville. At six miles from Portumna, near the 269 No. LXX.—DUBLIN TO PORTUMNA AND SCARIFF. BY PARSONSTOWN. Miles. Miles. Parsonstown, as in No. LXIX. | 623]] Mount Shannon . ._ &| 902 Portumna Oe) he oe sCatian Oh. anaes as vi Woodfort ( B -~ "91/822 Bryonp Parsonstown, on this line, there are no public conveyances ;—a proof that neither Portumna nor Scariff, are towns of much importance. The country from Parsonstown to Portumna, is flat, and diversified by large tracts of bog; which increase as we approach the Shannon. Leaving the river at Portumna, we proceed along an uninteresting portion of the county of Galway ; and on rejoining the Shannon, keep along its shores to Scariff. Crossing the Little Brosna, we enter the county of Tipperary ; and at three miles from Parsonstown, pass, on the right, Straduff; Antissell, Esq. ; and opposite to it, Walshpark, Walsh, Esq.; at five miles, Sharragh ; at eight, Grange, Palmer, Esq. to the left of which is Loragh; and at ten miles reach the Shannon, where it loses the river character and expands into Lough Derg. To the left, close to Portumna bridge, on a small peninsula formed by an arm of Lough Derg, is Bellisle, an old place belonging to the noble family of Avonmore ; and close to it, on the waters edge, the ruins of Cromwell’s Castle. To the right, on the river banks, is Portland ; beyond it, the high walls of Redwood Castle. Here the Inland Steam Company have stations and harbours for boats; and here also the steam packets with goods and passengers to and from Dublin and Limerick meet—the larger ones running through Lough Derg to Killaloe, and the smaller up the river to the junction of the Grand Canal with the Shannon. With the exception of the banks on the left side of the river from Bellisle to the ruins of Redwood, the extensive swampy plain through which the still waters of the Shannon flow, is dreary, monotonous, - 272 NO. LXXI.—DUBLIN TO LOUGHREA. portant branch of Lough Derg with the interior of the country, and tend to the improvement of the little town itself. The village of Tomgraney is about a mile from Scariff; and near the former are Drewsborough and Raheen. No. LXXIL—DUBLIN TO LOUGHREA. EY BANAGHER AND EYRECOURT. Miles. Miles. Kilbeggan, as in No. LVII. | 443 || Banagher ‘ 4 Mss heh: Clara oP eas 3 . 42) 483}| Eyrecourt 5 3 = JDO Ballycumber ¢ . 22/513 || Loughrea * + , 163) 862 Ferbane ‘ - . 53)57 Tuts road branches off the Galway line at Kilbeggan ; and though it is the most convenient way of reaching Banagher and Eyrecourt from Dublin, few, except those who have business in that line of country, now take this route to Loughrea. Except a mail car which is dispatched early in the morning from Kilbeggan to Eyrecourt, on the arrival of the Dublin mail, and returns for the up mail in the afternoon, there is no other public conveyance; but there are posting horses at Kilbeggan and Banagher. As Banagher and all the towns between it and Kilbeggan, are near the direct line of water communication with Dublin and Limerick, théy are generally reached by the Grand Canal; and Banagher can also be conveniently reached by Tullamore. The country as far as Eyecourt, presents few attractive features. It is very flat and boggy; but somewhat relieved by the Brosna and the Shannon. Clara and its immediate neighbourhood, we have noticed in No. LVII. On leaving that comparatively thriving town, and the prettily-shaped fertile lands around it, we pass through a flat, boggy country, having the river Brosna on our right, and Prospect, Charles Holmes, Esq.; Ballycumber House, J. W. Armstrong, Esq.; Meorock, GA Holmes, Esq.; Bellair, Thomas Homan Mullock, Esq.; all surrounding the small town of Ballycumber, which is also situated on the Brosna. From Ballycumber to Ferbane, the road lies through a NO. LXX.—DUBLIN TO PORTUMNA AND SCARIFF. 271] ruins of a small Church, our road turns to the left, leaving Ballinagar, Arthur Anthony Nugent, Esq. on the right ; and at four miles farther reaches the village of Woodford. Near this is Summerhill, Connolly, Esq. From this our way lies along the eastern base of the moorland hills, which run westward to Loughrea and Gort; and passing through a rough, and partially wooded mountain valley, we again meet Lough Derg, and continue along its banks for the remainder of our journey. From the higher parts of the road, as well as well as from the accompanying heights, good views are obtained of the lake, its islands, and varied shores. At ‘five miles from Woodford, pass TZintrim, the residence of — Burke, Esq.; at eight, the poor village of Mount Shannon, pleasantly situated on the edge of the Lough. About a mile beyond Mount Shannon, is Woodpark, Reade, Esq.; and half a mile from the shore, is Holy Island, containing an ancient round tower, and some prostrate Church ruins. It_contains about twenty acres, and is the largest of the six islets, which lie scattered along the shores between Mount Shannon and Scariff; and like the still more celebrated island on Lough Dherg, in the county of Donegal, has also its Patrick’s Purgatory, and is much frequented by devotees. At two miles from Mount- shannon, we cross Borobridge, and enter the county of Clare; and passing Mynoe, Sir J. Reid’s cottage, on the right, we soon reach the small town of SCARIFF, situated on the river Terroig. The Terroig issues from a small lough of that name in Slieve-boghta, the highest of the hills lying north of the town; and after supplying the beautiful loughs Graney, O’Grady, and several other intermediate lakes in the line of its descent, falls into Lough Derg about two miles below Scariff. Though this little place scarcely contains a good house, it is the best of the villages on the northern side of Lough Derg, between Killaloe and Portumna ; and though the country is poor around, it is interesting and highly romantic. New roads are in contemplation towards Gort and Ennis, which will connect this im- 274 NO. LXXI.—DUBLIN TO LOUGHREA. There is a battery on the Connaught side, a Magazine, and an Infantry Barrack (which occupies the site of an oid Nunnery) in connection with the fort. The town has but little in its appearance to recommend it, and consists principally of one very long street ; carries on a considerable trade in the export of corn and other provisions, for which its immediate contact with the great inland line of navigation gives it many facilities. It is also celebrated for its horse and cattle fairs. The . ruins of the old Church will afford some interest to the antiquarian. A spacious Church and Chapel have been lately built, and the town, from the increased intercourse along the Shannon, is improving. The country around also assumes a more cheerful aspect than that we have just travelled through; to which the Glebe house, and several villas, in some degree contribute. Below the town, the Shannon branches out, leaving several small, flat, green, islets, in the centre of its broad bed ; its ample waters being but slightly depressed below the level of the accom- panying meadow lands. Four miles below Banagher, on one of the larger islands, formed by the branching of the Shannon, is the Martello tower; and opposite to it, on the Galway side, are the dilapidated ruins of Meelick Abbey. At this point the Little Brosna joins the Shannon; and the low lands near its confluence, are fertile. Continuing our road from Banagher to Loughrea, on crossing the Shannon, we enter the county of Galway ; and at five miles reach the small decayed town of . EYRECOURT, once an appendage to the adjoining mansion which also bears that name, the seat of John Eyre, Esq.—From the high and rich grounds of Redmount, the estate of J. B. West, Esq., which are near the town, you com- mand a most extensive view of all the flat and dreary country around, (pervaded as it is in every direction, by the dark and dismal fields of bog,) of the numerous towns and villages,—the course of the Shannon for many miles, and also of the Suck and many of the Shannon’s other but smaller tributaries. ‘ NO. LXXI.—DUBLIN TO LOUGHREA. 273 part of the Bog of Allen, with the Brosna on our left. At two miles from Ballycumber we pass, on the right, Castle Armstrong, Armstrong, Esq.; and be- yond it Dooncastle, R. J. C. Mooney, Esq. The old Cas- tle in the demesne forms a striking object. Although the Brosna runs at a short distance from the road on our left, we enjoy none of its companionship till we reach the vicinity of Ferbane. The bleakness anil monotony of the. surrounding country, however, is somewhat re- lieved by the scattered verdant hills on the right, and the broken walls of the old square houses, or castles as they are called, which rise along the river banks. Near Ferbane, on the right, is Ballylin, King, Esq. ; and on the left, Kincor. The village of Ferbane, in common with Clara, and Ballycumber, is watered by the Brosna, and sur- rounded, like Ballycumber by the Bog of Allen. We again cross the Brosna, and keep it on our right for the remainder of its course. A little beyond Ferbane we pass Gallen, Andrew Armstrong, Esq.; and soon reach the village of Cloghan; near which is Cloghan Castle, the residence of Garrett O’Moore, Esq. Mc. Cochlins Hill, on the left, which is covered with deep verdure, and rising to a considerable elevation, breaks the cold, dreary aspect of the extensive brown flats ; and Shannon Harbour, on the right, where the Brosna empties its muddy waters into the Shannon, and where the Grand Canal forms a junction with the latter river, and thence extends to Ballinasloe, tend to give some interest to a naturally poor and featureless tract of country. BANAGHER is about four miles from Cloghan; and advancing towards it, we pass the endowed School of Cuba, on the left, the ruins of Garrycastle, and Castle- iver, the residence of J. F. Armstrong, Esq. on the right. The small town of Banagher is situated on the banks of the Shannon, at one of the guarded passes across the river to Connaught. The bridge is an old and in- convenient structure ; and to mark its importance as a pass, is protected by a mounted tower on either end. T 276 NO. LXXIT.—DUBLIN TO BALLINASLOE. same point. About two and a half miles from Ferbane, we pass the Canal station, and demesne of Bellemount, Baker, Esq.; the improved glebe of Killegally ; and at three, on the opposite banks of the Brosna, the _ village of Clononey, with its old Castle, the residence of Molony, Esq. At four miles, the road passes through Hunstanton, and Moystown, the seat of Colonel _L’Estrange. Though this place has neither varied nor park scenery, and is environed by deep brown bogs, there is, in the style of the old house, in the arrangement of the plantations, and in the beautiful old evergreen Oaks and other ornamental trees which adorn the lawn, a character which carries us back to the gentlemen’s seats of the olden time. Leaving Derryholmes to the - left, the road again runs through a deep, mossy tract, and at four miles reaches the small town of SHANNON-BRIDGE, . situated a little above the confluence of the Suck, the largest of the Shannon’s tributaries. This is another of the passes across the river, which it was deemed necessary in former times to protect. The fortifications are nearly the same as we have described at Banagher ; but the Infantry Barracks are larger, and the Battery more conspicuous. We may here add that this, with Athlone above, and Banagher below, form the three passes across the Shannon which are still kept up. The small town of Shannonbridge, is principally in the King’s County; the fortifications, &c. are on the opposite or Roscommon side of the river. The country around, through which the Shannon rolls its sluggish waters, continues flat and boggy. Four miles above the town, and close on the old road leading to Athlone, where a ridge of low, brownswarded, gravelly hills stretch along the Shannon, stand the round towers and Church ruins of Clonmacnoise. The latter, with the exception of a Church which still exhibits some fine workmanship, are merely fragments of wretched cells, supposed to have been built as places of sepulture. The larger Round tower adjoins the Church; and the smaller one, as at Glendalough, is connected with one of the detached buildings. NO. LXXII.— DUBLIN TO BALLINASLOE. 275 To the right of the town is Clonfert, which, until the union of that diocese with Killaloe, was a diocesan seat. Near the Church, are the ruins of the old Abbey erected in 1270. As we proceed, the country presents a mixture of bog, pasture, and tillage, generally cut up in patches of every size and shape, according to the circumstances and necessities of the poor hol- ders. We pass, at three miles, Quansborough, once the seat of the Earls of Louth, and now the estate of W. Burke, Esq.; and a little to the left of the road the plantations of Belview, the residence of W. Lawrence, Esq. form a feature in the bleak country. Near the latter is Bellamore Castle, Thomas Seymour, Esq. At seven miles from Eyrecourt, we cross the Kellymer Stream, which waters Hearnsbrook, the adjoining demesne of George Hearne, Kirkaldy, Esq. A little farther, on the right, is Ramore, the improved seat of M‘Dermott, Esq. From this the country im- proves in appearance ; and large rich pastoral tracts occasionally meet the eye. Passing Ballyduggan, the seat of William Burke, Esq. already noticed, we join the Galway road, No. LVII. within two miles of Loughrea. No. LXXII—DUBLIN TO BALLINASLOE. BY KILBEGGAN, FERBANE, AND SHANNON-BRIDGE, Miles. Ferbane, asin No. LXXI. 57 Shannon-bridge . - & Ballinasloe . - 63)712 Lixe the preceding line to Loughrea, this road is not generally travelled, nor are there any public coaches nor good intermediate stages. The Grand Canal, how- ever, extends to Ballinasloe; by which many travel. The trees along the road, and on the banks of the Brosna, which we follow for three miles from Ferbane, help to relieve the sad appearance of the dark and heath- - clad mosses around. From Ferbane to Shannon harbour the Grand Canal holds a parallel course with the Brosna, running close to it, and joining the Shannon at the t 278 NO. LXXIII.— DUBLIN TO RATHANGAN. is Killadoon, the handsome villa of the Earl of Leitrim. About two miles to the south, on the banks of the Grand Canal, is Zyons, the fine seat of Lord Clon- curry; and near it Castle Baggot, J. J. Baggot, Esq. Three miles from Celbridge, beautifully situated on the Liffey, is Zodge Park, the seat of Arthur Henry, Esq. ; and a little beyond it, also on the river banks, is Straffan, the fine residence of Hugh Barton, Esq.: Bar- berstown lies a little to the north of this demesne ; and two miles north of the latter, Racoffey. At fifteen miles on the right, is the Jesuit’s College of Clon- gowes; and at sixteen, the village of Clane, also situated on the Liffey, and containing the ruins of an Abbey, said to have been founded in 548. In the vicinity of Clane are Blackhall, P. Wolfe, Esq. 3 Millicent, B. Molloy, Esq.; and Sherlockstown, — Sherlock, Esq. Leaving Clane, we pass Firmount, Richard Dease, Esq.; and at two miles reach the de- cayed village of Prosperous, where some years ago a cotton factory was carried on with some success. To the left, on the banks of the canal, is Landinstown,, the seat of Digby, Esq.; and Dunore, Burgh, Esq. Passing Killybeg and Downinys, a little beyond Prosperous, the character of the country changes ; and as we proceed through this flat and dreary district, which is a little diversified, at least in the colour of its surface, by large intervening portions of the cold brown bog of Allen, and_ relieved by the Hills of Allen and Chair of Kildare, &c.; we pass at six miles from Clane, the improving village of Kilmeague ; and beyond. that, Mayfield and Punches Grange. The latter places are situated at the base of the Hills of Allen, in a tract of arable land, called from its being surrounded by bog, the Island of Allen. Rathangan is situated on the banks of the Grand Canal. The Little Barrow which bears off the waters from the surrounding bogs, and is augmented in its progress by the Feagile river, runs through the town, and falls into the Barrow above Monastereven. Rathangan is well circumstanced for country business; and, although it has lately improved, yet not in pro- NO. LXXIII.—DUBLIN TO RATHANGAN. 217 There are also an ancient stone cross of large dimen- sions, and a small modern parish Church to add to the assemblage. As a burying place, this has long been celebrated; and now no spot can be better tenanted with the frail relics of mortality than the two acres which constitute the hallowed grounds of Clonmacnoise. All around harmonizes, for all is still and lonely ; behind, is a range of low, unbroken pastoral hills; in front, the Shannon steals its mighty volume of waters in long and softly-flowing lines, through the dreary, houseless plain. Crossing Shannonbridge, we enter the county of Ros- common; and keeping the left banks of the Suck, we pass the various villas which, together with the country, have been noticed under No. LVII. in the description of Ballinasloe. No. LXXIII—DUBLIN TO RATHANGAN. BY LUCAN, CELBRIDGE, AND CLANE. Miles. Miles. Lucan, as in No, LVII. | || Clane A - 63] 163 Celbridge 821 10 || Rathangan - ILyal 262 Tuts line lies intermediate to the Limerick and Tulla- more by Edenderry roads. There are daily cars running from Dublin; but as Rathangan is on the banks of the Grand Canal, the generality of passengers proceed by that conveyance. It is also reached by a car branching from the Limerick coaches at Newbridge. Half a mile beyond Lucan we leave the great Con- naught road, and at eight miles from Dublin enter the county of Kildare, passing at the left, the demesnes of Stacumnie, Elmpark, and Rockfield ; on the right, St. Woolstan’s and Castletown, noted in No. LVII.; and soon reach the small town of CELBRIDGE, pleasantly situated on the Liffey, and containing a large cloth manufactory. The neighbourhood is beautified by the Liffey and the numerous seats around. Pro- ceeding along the left banks of the river, we pass on the left, at a mile from Celbridge, the endowed school of Springfield ; a little beyond which, and also on the left, 280 NO. LXXIV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. the country, for its neat and clean appearance; and clearly shews how much may be accomplished, even in these matters, by a little attention on the part of the proprietor; or, as is here the case, by the resident agent. On the high grounds to the right of this vil- lage, are Castlegar, the beautiful park of Sir Ross Mahon, Bart.; and Weston, the neat villa of Mahon, Esq. Two miles from Ahascragh we pass through Clon- brock, the fine seat of Lord Clonbrock, which, from the extent of well-preserved wood, forms a striking feature in this bleak country; and three miles to the right, on the cross road leading to Roscommon, is Castle Ffrench, the seat of Lord Ffrench. Near the latter is Tycooly, the residence of C. O’Kelly, Esq. At four miles from Ahascragh, is the village of Caltragh; and a mile and a half farther that of CASTLEBLAKENEY. Here the road to Tuam branches ; that to the right, which is generally travelled by the stage coaches, passes through the hamlet and demesne of Mount Bellew, C. D. Bellew, Esq., and the village of Moylough, and rejoins the mail-coach-line about seven miles from the point of divergence. The demesne of Mount Bellew, with its artificial lake, neat mansion, family chapel, schools, monastery, and hamlet, form an assemblage of interesting features. One mile from Castleblakeney is the Inn of Glan- - tan, where we cross the old Galway and Ballinasloe road; and on the left of Glantan is Hampstead, Davis, Esq.; Mount Hazel, Andrew Brown, Esq.3; and Mount Bernard, Bernard Brown, Esq., and the village of Ballymacward. As we proceed, we pass on the high grounds to the left ; Vermount, James Blake, Esq.; and on the right Corgery, Walter Joyce, Esq. At seven miles from Castleblakeney, and a little to the left is Cooloo, the residence of Edward Brown, Esq.; and a mile beyond it, close to the small lake called Horse Leap, is the post-office of Dangan. To the left of our road, on the cross line leading to Galway from Castleblake- ney, are Windfield, John Jameson, Esq.; Abber, NO. LXXIV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. 279 portion to its facilities. In addition to the Church and Chapel, the Quakers and Methodists have small places of worship. In the neighbourhood, we have to add to the seats already noted, in connexion with the town of Kildare, under No. XXXII., Ellistown, the highly im- proved farm of Harvey Cassidy, Esq.; and Navanstown, the seat of Robert Fitzgerald, Esq. Except the land surrounding the town, the country, from the vast extent of bog and flat grounds, presents a cold and dreary appearance. Of this, and the naked plain, for many miles around, good views are obtained from the hills which lie between Rathangan and the town of Kildare. No. LXXIV.—_DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. FIRST ROAD, BY BALLINASLOE, TUAM, AND CASTLEBAR. Miles. Miles. Ballinasloe, as in No. LVII. 721|| Hollymount . 5 STL Ahascragh - . . 62} 783)) Ballyglass Aly tak tees Burs lillyes Castlebiakeney . - : =} 8411! Castlebar é A - 831126 Tuam . . . 15] 992|| Westport . . « « 83}1345 Tuoucu not the nearest, this is the best and speediest way of reaching the remote town of Westport. On the arrival of the Galway mail at Ballinasloe, a branch mail starts for Westport ; and as the road is, generally speaking, good, the journey is performed in nine hours. In addition to the mail, well appointed coaches run daily to Tuam, on the arrival of the Galway day coach . and canal packet boat at Ballinasloe, and proceed the following morning to Westport. Leaving Ballinasloe, the road skirts the northern boundary of Lord Clancarty’s demesne, and proceeds through a low tract of bog which is singularly traversed by a high gravel ridge or esker, as these accumulations of gravel are called. At four miles from Ballinasloe we pass on the left Fairfield ; at five Lowville, the resi- dence of Walter M‘Donough, Esq., and several other improved farms; and at six reach the village of ae AHASCRAGH, which is somewhat remarkable, at least in this part of 282 NO. LXXIV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. None of the inland towns in Connaught have im- proved more than Tuam within these few years. It is now a great thoroughfare, carries on a considerable retail trade ; and affords weekly buyers for a large share of agricultural produce. Several useful improvements have been made in widening the streets, erection of schools, and other public institutions ; but still the most. squalid poverty prevails in many parts of the town, and in the wretched outlets. The country around Tuam is bleak and flat ; that to the south is remarkably so, and contains several of these vast winter accumulations of water, here called Thurloughs. In summer, however, the beds of these loughs afford excellent pasturage, and as has been quaintly observed, on them horse and boat races are alternately held. The stream which waters the town of Tuam runs into the most northerly of these loughs, and their united waters are discharged into Lough Corrib by the river which runs through Clare-Galway. In several places the water run- ning out of these lakes sinks into the subterranean hol- lows, occasioned by the caverned formations of the lime- stone, which is the prevailing rock of this district. Near the most northerly of these winter lakes is Ballin- derry, the residence of — Nolan, Esq.; and Coro- fin, the seat of Pierse Joseph Blake, Esq. The latter lies on the road leading from Tuam to Galway. From Tuam to Castlebar, our way lies through a flat and as regards quality, very variable tract of country. - On the left, about four miles from Tuam, the Hill of Knockroe, crowned with the plantations of Castle Hacket, the fine demesne of John Kirwan, Esq., rises to view, and forms a striking feature for many miles around, Near it is Gardenfield, James Kirwan, Esq. About a mile to the right of Tuam, on the road leading to Cas- tlerea, are the ruins of Birmingham House, once the residence of the former Earls of Louth; and at seven miles the village of Dunmore- West, adjoining which is the seat of Sir George Shee, Bart. Dunmore is watered by a small stream which runs into Thurlough- more. It contains a small church, a chapel, and the fragments of some abbey ruins. The small barrack is NO. LXXIV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. 981 J. H. Blakeney; Esq.; Moyne, M. J. Brown, Esq.; and Newtown. Near the latter are the ruins of Abbey= knockmoy; Cussane, Blake Foster, Esq.; and Brook- lodge, the residence of M. I. Blake, Esq., M. P. The prevailing flatness is here somewhat relieved by the gravelly ridges or eskers on our right, and the low hills on our left, running towards the village and well- wooded demesne of Monivea, French, Esq. already noticed. With the exception of the plantations of Anna, Bodkin, Esq., and Ardskea, Edward Browne; Esq., which clothe a small part of the rising grounds on the left—the group of trees around the small church of Killeraran, and the scattered trees of Castle Moyle on the right, there is little to attract notice. Although there are many extensive tracts of excel- lent land on either side of the road, yet, generally speaking, from the flatness of the surface, the state of the culture, and the wretched huts which every where meet the eye, the country has a poor and desolate ap- pearance. However, as we approach Tuam, the prin- cipal town of this district, the surface improves both in culture and appearance. Within two miles of that town, we cross the small river Moyne, one of the tri- butaries to Thurloughmore. _ Tuam, in its ecclesiastical history, boasts of very high antiquity. In 487, an abbey is said to have been founded ; a cathedral built by St. Jarlath, in the 6th century; and a priory founded by O’Connor, king of Connaught in 1140. All these, and several other churches were, it appears, destroyed by fire in 1244. It is, however, still of great importance in an ecclesias- tical point of view, being now the seat of the Protestant and Roman Catholic Archbishops of Tuam. Under the care of the latter is the College of St. Jarlath; and connected with his episcopate the Cathedral of Tuam, by far the finest of the modern Roman Catholic Churches in Ireland. The Protestant Cathedral is an ancient edifice. The demesne of the Archbishop is well planted, and adds considerably to the appearance of the town. The diocesan house is a plain commo- dious structure. 284 NO. LXXIV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. vicinity of Castlebar lies. Three miles from Holly- mount, we pass on the left Newbrook, the seat of Lord Clanmorris; and at five reach the hamlet and post sta- tion of Ballyglass. As we advance we pass at from two to three miles from the road, in the flat country on the left, Holly- brook, A. C. Lynch, Esq.; Towerhill, Valentine Blake, Esq.; Cahirnacon, — Cheevers, Esq.; Thomastown, Thomas V. Glindining, Esq.; on the banks of Lough Gara, Moorhall, the extensively planted demesne of G. H. Moore, Esq. ; the woods of Castlecarra, Clogher, — Lynch, Esq.; and the hamlet and ruined abbey of Bal- lintubber. On the right, and about eight miles from Hollywood are Ballinafad, Maurice Blake, Esq.; Browne Hall, Colonel Browne ; and near the latter, the ancient villages of Mayo and Ball; adjoining Ball is Athavallie, the seat of the Rev. Sir F. Lynch Blosse, Bart. Ball or Balla, of which so much has been said by the ancient chroniclers, is now a small village, re- markable only for its ancient round tower, and some prostrate church ruins; and Mayo, which is also re- corded at length, is still more insignificant, and ex- hibits only the fragments of a monastery. Nine miles from Hollymount we reach the small village and church of Balcarra. The country now assumes a more broken and varied appearance, the pasture fields are succeeded by masses of protruding rock, and fields of bog blending with the patches of tillage. The huts of the peasantry, along the whole line, are wretched; but here, if possible, they are still more miserable. In addition to the Connemara and Joyce country moun- tains, which have formed the great scenic features on the left since we left Tuam, we have now on the right Slieve Carna, the advanced out-post of that vast assem- blage of mountains which separate the dreary heathy wastes of Erris, from the fertile but miserably culti- vated plains of Mayo. Passing Kilboyne House, the seat of Sir Samuel O’Malley, Bart., on the left; at four miles from the village of Balcarra we reach CASTLEBAR, the county town of Mayo, situated at the north-west NO. LXXIV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. 283 now unoccupied. Within a short distance of the town are Carintrilla, W. H. Handcock, Esq.; and Quarry- mount, J. J. Bodkin, Esq. M. P. Proceeding through the flat boggy country beyond Tuam, at four miles pass on the right Castle Grove, the seat of Blake, Esq. ; at six on the left Blindwell, Kirwan, Esq.; near it Annefield, A. Ellwood Bowen, Esq.: and at seven enter the county of Mayo. A little to the left are Cloghan, and Turin Castle. Here the country improves both in soil and appear- ance, and passing the village of Roundfort, we soon reach that of ~ HOLLYMOUNT, which is watered by the Robe, and adorned by the sur- rounding demesne of the proprietor, Thomas Spencer Lindsay, Esq.; and the adjoining demesnes of Clooncor- mac, James Knox Gildea, Esq.; Bloomfield, the Rev. Francis L. Rutledge, and Lehinch. Five miles to the right of Hollymount is the town of Claremorris, the largest and best circumstanced for retail trade among the numerous small towns in the county of Mayo. Close to it is Claremount, the seat of the proprietor, James Browne, Esq., and near it Castle- macgarret, the extensively wooded demesne of Lord Oranmore. This is considered one of the most ancient seats of the Brownes of Mayo; and the timber the oldest in the county. Adjoining the latter is the village of Bal- lindine, and between Castlemacgarret and Clare is Brookhill, the neat villa and well-managed farm of Joseph Lambert, Esq. Four and a half miles to the left of Hollymount is the town of Ballinrobe, the particulars of which, and its vicinity, will be noticed in our next | route to Westport. From Hollymount to Castlebar, at least for the greater part of the way, our road lies through that fine pas- toral district of country, known as the plains of Mayo. On the left the mountains of Connemara and Joyce coun- try, which together form the district popularly known as the Irish Highlands, present their towering outlines, and form a great relief to the flatness and monotony of the country through which our road from Tuam to the 286 NO. LXVIII.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. hand and Nephin on the other, towering high above the surrounding hills cannot fail to arrest attention. Leaving Castlebar for Westport, we proceed along the high and undulating valley, which, as we have noticed before, lies between the mountains of Joyce country and Erris, or, according to the county divisions, between those of the baronies of Morisk and Burris-Shoole, and from many of the higher parts of the road fine views of these wild districts are obtained. The surface of the valley presents that extraordinary mixture, and in the most minute divisions, of waste, reclaimed, and half re- claimed land, which are to be met with in many of the poorer parts of the country. We pass on the right the small but beautiful Loch Dan, on the northern. banks of which is Rahans, Browne, Esq., and soon reach the point of the valley whence commences our descent to Westport. In no part of Ireland is there such an extraordinary combination of scenery as is here dis- played, nor is there any town in it, the view of which strikes the traveller so forcibly as does that of Westport, when first seen under a favourable light from many parts of this road. On the left is that vast aggregation of mountains which stretches southwards to the Bay of Galway; on the right that gigantic assemblage which sweep in circular outline northward to Killala. In front is Westport, flanked by the hills springing from the narrow valley which contains it, and backed by Clew Bay, studded with its hundreds of islets. Westport is a neat-looking town; and the princi- pal streets were laid out by the late Marquess of Sligo with considerable taste. It occupies, as we have just observed, a narrow valley, which is watered by a pretty mountain stream, running through the centre of the town. ‘Two of the principal streets run parallel with the river ; and rows of trees on either side form so far as they extend the north and south malls. In these streets are the hotels, chapel, court-house, &c. The other streets branch from the malls, and, from the accli- vity of the grounds, arein many places very steep. A few years ago the linen trade was carried on to a considerable extent, of late it has fallen off, but NO. LXXIV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. 285 point of that great plain of mixed bog and pasture lands which embraces the greater part of the coun- ties of Roscommon, Galway, Sligo, and Mayo; and near the head of that broken valley which separates the Highlands of Connemara and Joyce country from those of Erris and Tyrawley. It is watered by the stream which bears the overflowing waters of Lough Dan to Lough Conn, and environed by the low hills which on all sides trend away to the bases of the higher mountain ranges. In its square, in which are the county courts, public offices, and promenade; and in the main streets, which are of considerable length, Castlebar has some pretensions to regularity; while the new church, county jail, extensive barracks, the improvements connected with Zhe Park, the seat of the Earl of Lucan, the principal proprietor of the town, and of Zhe Lawn, the seat of his agent, St. Clair O’Malley, Esq., and several other villas, add much to its general appearance. Like most of our towns, its suburbs are poor and miserably inhabited ; and in the absence of any kind of trade, the labouring classes are wholly dependant on casual employment from the small and wretched farmers around. CASTLEBAR carries on a considerable retail trade ; and the weekly sales of corn, and other agricultural produce are extensive. A considerable quantity of coarse linen is also weekly disposed of. In the vicinity there are several villa residences; among them we may enumerate Windsor, Hawthorn Lodge, and Breaffy. Although there are several tracts of good land, yet generally speaking, the country around, and particu- larly towards the base of the Nephin mountains, pre- sents a wild, bleak, and cold moorland aspect. The necessities of the poor have here and there chequered the brown heathy surface with a green spot of tillage ; but as yet no regular plan of operations-for the recla- mation of these vast wastes has been adopted. New roads, however, the basis of all improvement, have been run in various directions, which, it is hoped, will soon lead to farther exertions. The scenery around Castlebar is very striking; and the Reek on the one 288 NO. LXXV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. bounds Clew bay, its numerous islets, and the oppo- site shores of Achill. Except in the demesne of West- port, the small villas about the town, and the farms in its immediate vicinity, improvement on any thing like a general scale, can scarcely be said to have dawned on the vast territories of the Marquess of Sligo, embracing as they do, in this district, upwards of a hundred thou- sand statute acres. No. LXXV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. SECOND ROAD, BY ATHLONE, BALLINAMORE, MOYLOUGH, TUAM, HOLLYMOUNT, AND BALLINROBE, Miles. Miles. Athlone, asin No. LXVII. | 60 Hollymount . . =. 112)1042 Ballinamore . . . 15/75 |) Ballinrobe . . + 4231109 Moylough 5 - . 63/833 ]] Partree . . ape een pada Tuam . . . .« 93/93 || Westport » « . 103)1242 Tuts road branches off No. 74 at Athlone, and rejoins it midway between Castleblakeney and Tuam. It again diverges at Blindwell, which is about midway between Tuam and Hollymount, and proceeds by the village of Kilmaine to Ballinrobe. But the generality of travellers prefer going by Roundfort, which is within a mile of Hollymount, to Ballinrobe. This route to Westport by the above roads, branching off the Mail-Coach line, is ten miles shorter than by the preceding road; but the branch roads extending to forty-eight miles, are not so good, nor are there any public conveyances on them ; and, unless at Ballinrobe, neither inns nor post horses. Leaving Athlone we branch off the Ballinasloe road, at a mile from the town, and crossing the Granaugh stream, emerge on a bleak and poor part of the county Roscom- mon, through which our road for the next fifteen miles lies; and, except the low, gravelly hills and ridges, with their intervening bogs and alluvial valleys, into which the surface is thrown, there is little in this dis- ‘tance to engage our attention. We pass at four miles the small hamlet of Brideswell, which takes its name from a holy well, formerly much NO. LXXIV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. 287 _ a good deal is now done in the corn and provision busi- ness; and the distillery and brewery add considerably to the trade and home consumption of the place. The port and principal corn stores are unfortunately separated from the town by the intervening demesne of Lord Sligo. This is to be regretted, as the ex- isting road to the port is from the nature of the ground, so steep as to be quite unsuited to the convey- ance of goods. There are a capacious Roman Catholic Chapel, and small Presbyterian and Methodist Meeting- houses in the town. The parish Church is situated in the beautiful demesne of Lord Sligo. To this demesne strangers have access ; and, although it has no preten- sions to any thing like park scenery, yet, from the style of the mansion, the beautifully wooded hills spring- ing from the lawn, the singular shapes and situation of the grounds, the size of the timber, considering its proximity to the sea coast, together with the sublime features around, it presents something singularly unique and attractive. As a sea-bathing place, the vicinity of Westport offers many inducements; as well from the strength of the waters which roll in from the Atlantic, as from the numerous excursions to which the coast and surround- ing mountains invite. Croacu-ParTRricx, or the REEx, as it is often called, springing from the shore, lifts its coni- cal head 2530 feet above the sea: This is the great fea- ture of the place, and from it magnificent views of the coast and vicinity of Westport are obtained. These views are often enjoyed from the sides of the mountains, its summit being generally wreathed in mist. At stated periods of the year, Croagh-Patrick, which is one of the most celebrated, as it certainly is one of the most extraordinary places of pilgrimages in Ireland, is the resort of many devotees, who perform stations on its sides and summit. At its base, close on the shore, are the ruins of Morisk Abbey. A road from Westport extends along the coast, to the mouth of the Killery, passing through the small village of Louisburgh, which is ten miles distant from the town. From this road good views are obtained of the coast, Clare Island which 290 NO. LXXV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. Mount Silk and Moat, the latter is the villa of William Digby, Esq. Three miles to the right, on the road lead- ing from Ballinamore to Dunmore is Newforest, the re- sidence of James D’Arcy, Esq. From Moylough, we proceed for four miles through a portion of that district of Galway, which is considerably diversified by round hills and unpicturesque ridges of gravel, with intervening fields of bog, and joining the preceding road described in pages 280 and 281, pro- ceed by that line to the vicinity of Hollymount. The first branch to Ballinrobe is at Blindwell, which is within five miles of Hollymount. By this we pass through the village of Kilmaine, and leave The Neale, the seat of Lord Kilmaine to the left; and Ellistron, R. D. Browne, Esq., M. P. on the right. The second branch turns off at Roundfort, which is within a short distance of Hollymount. The small town of Ballinrobe is watered by the Robe, and bounded on the east by the detached Thurlough, or winter lake called Lough Shy, in the fertile flat coun- try lying between Lough Corrib and Lough Mask. It contains several good houses, and, previous to its reduc- tion asa military station, was a place of some impor- tance. The barracks, both cavalry and infantry, are now unoccupied ; and consequently the retail trade has considerably fallen off. The Church and Roman Catho- lic Chapel are commodious buildings; and the hotel and posting are still kept up. Among its antiquities are the ruins of an old abbey; and we may now add, although of later years, the old trees which adorned the seat of the late Lord Tyrawly. The country around is fertile, and the numerous remains of churches and castles attest the importance of this district in former times. Leaving Ballinrobe on our way to Westport, we pass in the vicinity of the town Creagh, James Cuff; Esq., Curramore, Jeffrey Martin, Esq.; and crossing the river which connects the Jakes of Mask and Carra, pass between their conterminous shores, and at five miles reach the village of Partree. On the right of the NO. LXXV.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. 289 resorted to by devotees, on account of itss upposed vir- tues. The old building which incloses the well, appears from an inscription over the doorway, to have been erected in 1685, by the first Earl of Antrim. At six miles we pass two small lakes, and at ten reach the vil- lage of Ballyforan, close to which is Clareville, the resi- dence of the Hon. Gonville Ffrench. Here, crossing the river Suck, we enter the county of Galway. The Suck, which conveys to the Shannon a considerable portion of the waters of the counties of Roscommon and Galway, is here augmented by the Shiven. From the vast extent of deep unbroken bog around, the country presents a cold and cheerless aspect. On crossing the Suck, we pass the demesne of Muckland, George Kelly, Esq. ; and near it on the left Ballenlass. Two and a half miles from Ballyforan, on the Shiven, is the hamlet of Ballinamore ; and, adjoining it, on the left bank of the river is Ballinamore House, the residence of the Hon. Martin Ffrench, and on the right banks Riversdale, James Kelly, Esq. Three miles from Ballinamore, on the road leading to Roscommon, is the village of Ballygar, and near it Castle- kelly, the extensive demesne of the Rev. Armstrong Kelly ; Mount Talbot, the fine old seat of William Talbot, Esq.; and Rookwood, the improved residence of - Edmond Kelly, Esq. These seats are pleasantly situated on the banks of the Suck; and on one of the most in- teresting portions of its meanderings. From this, down- ward to the Shannon, a course of thirty-four miles, the Suck flows through a flat boggy country, falling in that distance only thirty feet. Three miles from -Ballina- more, on the road leading to Castlerea, is St. Brandons, the residence of the Hon. Thomas Ffrench. Resuming our route—On leaving Ballinamore, we pass on the right Ballybane; at one mile from the vil- lage reach Killyon, the seat of John Cheevers, Esq. ; and at four Woodbrooke, the extensive demesne and occa- sional residence of John Gerrard, Esq. Leaving Mount - Bellew, noticed in page 280, a little to the left, at eight miles from Ballinamore, we reach the village of Moy- lough. About two miles west from Moylough are U 292 NO. LXXVII—DUBLIN TO CONG. dom travelled, except by those having business along the line. The towns and all the particulars connected with this road, we have noticed in connexion with the preceding line. No. LXXVII—DUBLIN TO CONG. FIRST ROAD, SECOND ROAD, BY TUAM AND HEADFORD. BY TUAM AND BALLINROBE. Miles. Miles. Tuam, asin No. LXXIV. 993]| Tuam, as in No. LX XIV. | 994 Headford. - ae - 9 |1082/] Ballinrobe . : - 16 {1152 Conor ues eset LOLISS!| ‘Cong: . * oan con (ON SOs First Roap.—On the arrival of the Dublin mail at Tuam, a mail car is dispatched for Headford, and con- veyances can be there obtained to Cong. On leav- ing Tuam for Headford, at two miles we cross the Tuam river, forming one of the principal supplies to that chain of Thurloughs which stretch towards Lough Corrib. In’ winter, and after heavy rains, the flat.and dreary country, for several miles on either side of the road, is covered with water. The miserable straggling village, called Clare Tuam, stretches along the river banks. At four miles we reach the fine demesne of Castlehacket, John Kirwan, Esq., through the centre of which the road runs. The wooded hill of Knockroe, which forms a part of the beautiful park, is the most striking fea- ture in the district. Passing over a series of pastoral hills, which connect with the more elevated ridge of Knockroe, at four miles from Castlehacket, we reach the small town of Headford. The clean and compara- tively neat appearance which this town presents, is wholly owing to the care bestowed by the proprietor, Richard M. St. George, Esq., whose well-kept demesne surrounds the town, and contains a neat Elizabethan mansion. The parsonage adjoining adds to the gene- ral effect of this remote place; and, from these exam- ples, some good effects can be traced in the better kept farms and cottages around. The small village of Shruel with its castle and abbey-ruins is situated about NO. LXXVI.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. 291 village is Port Royal, formerly the residence of Mr. Gildea. The Joyce country mountains, in all their wild- ness and grandeur, spring from the shores of Lough Mask, and from their sides fine views are obtained of that magnificent lake, of the smaller and much less important lake of Carra, and of the wide plain stretch- ing eastward. With all the inducements of splen- did scenery on a great scale, which kind nature here displays, good leading roads, and many other advan- tages, few, even summer residences, can be enumerated either along the mountain sides, glens or dells, except Tarmacady, the shooting lodge of the Hon. Mr. Plunket, and Rosshill, the lodge of the Earls of Char- lemont and Leitrim. For the next seven miles, that is from Partree to Mount Browne, the road lies through a flat boggy coun- try. Mount Browne, one of the seats of the Marquis of Sligo, now occupied by John Browne, Esq., is romanti- cally situated among the mountain slopes of Morisk, and its plantations and deer park have a pleasing effect among the heath-covered hills. Beyond Mount Browne, we soon meet with small farms, detached cottages, and groups of cabins, forming together by far the most pleasing outlets of Westport. No. LXXVI.—DUBLIN TO WESTPORT. THIRD ROAD, BY ATHLONE, BALLINAMORE, DUNMORE WEST, CLAREMORRIS, AND CASTLEBAR, 1253 MILES. Miles. Athlone, as in No. LVII. 60 Ballinamore . shauae « | Dunmore- West ° . . 163) 918 Claremorris . . °¢. « 193/108 Castlebar . ; * : . 14/117 Westport... - 3 ae) Sauce booa We merely notice this road in consequence of its being Jaid down in all former maps and road books. From Athlone to Castlebar, a distance of fifty-seven miles, with the exception of Claremorris, there are neither inns nor post horses, and in many places the roads are bad. The country is uninteresting; and the road sel- 294 NO. LXXVIII.— DUBLIN TO CLIFDEN. tiful or imposing in their outlines than those around Cong. The surplus waters of Lough Mask are dis- charged by one of those subterraneous channels, which are common to the secondary limestone formation, until close to Cong, where they boil up in a basin of great depth, and immediately turn a corn mill. The waters are visible in several places on the pas- sage; but the most remarkable opening is the Pigeon hole, which is about a mile from Cong. The descent, about sixty feet, is not difficult; and by the assistance of a light, the course of the stream can be traced in its caverned bed, for a considerable distance. Taking the advantages of lake and mountain scenery which this place enjoys, together with its site, we cannot but regret that such a miserable village as Cong should occupy so important a position. SeconD Roap.—On the arrival of the Dublin mail at Hollymount, a car with passengers is dispatched to Ballinrobe; in this way the public conveyances reach within five miles of Cong. The remaining five miles to Cong, we have already noticed in our description of Ballinrobe and its collateral branch roads. No. LXXVIIL—DUBLIN TO CLIFDEN, BEING THE CENTRAL ROAD THROUGH CONNEMARA. BY GALWAY AND OUGHTERARD, 145 MILEs. Miles. Galway, as in No. LVII, 105 Oughterard . : r * 1474119 Halfway-house 3 a LOR} RS Clifden . . < ‘i - 16 | 145 CLIFDEN is the principal town in that western high- land district, usually comprehended under Connemara, Joyce country and Morisk; and in the county baronial divisions, under Moycullen, Ballynahinch, the half barony of Ross, and Morisk; the latter being in the county of Mayo, the three former in the*county of Gal- way. This district is nearly surrounded by water, being NO. LXXVII.—DUBLIN TO CONG. 293 three miles from Headford. It is reached from Tuam by a branch road turning off between Castlehacket and Headford. Shruel stands on the river Moyne, which here separates the counties of Mayo and Sligo, and is remarkable for its subterraneous course. The village itself is noted in history from the massacre per- petrated there in 1641. Near Shruel is Dalgin the seat of Patrick Kirwan, Esq. On the shores of Lough Corrib distant only two miles from Headford, is Clydagh-house, George Staun- ton Lynch, Esq. The country all around is remarkably flat and the eastern shores of Lough Corrib present few, if any, attractive features. At this point Lough Corrib is narrow, and there are regular boats in con- nexion with the opposite ferry of Knock. Two miles from Headford we cross the Moyne, a lit- tle above its junction with Lough Corrib, near the ruins of the abbey of Ross. In our progress to Cong, we pass numerous church and castle ruins. At four miles on the right Houndswood, Martin D’Arcy, Esq.; at six Gar- vacloon, Richard Blake, Esq.; and at seven The Neale, Lord Castlemaine. The wretched village of Cone is romantically situ- ated at the upper end of Lough Corrib, and within four miles of Lough Mask. It is on the confines of Mayo and Galway, and may be said to be the central pass into Joyce country and Connemara. The only object of antiquity in this romantic spot, which was the residence of the kings of Connaught, is the old abbey, where Roderick O’Connor, the last native king of all Ireland, ended his days in 1198—he was interred at Clonmacnoise. Close to the town is Ashford, a seat of Lord Oranmore, on the shores of the lake Ballyma- gibbon, John Fynn, Esq., five miles above it, at the foot of Lough Mask, surrounded with a good deal of timber, is Rosshill, the lodge of the Earls of Leitrim and Charle- mont, and near it Petersfield. One of the best limestone quarries in the kingdom adjoins the town; and blocks of the largest scantlings can be readily obtained. The country around, though rocky, is very fertile ; and few of the mountain ranges in the kingdom are more beau- 296 NO. LXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO CLIFDEN. entirely confined to the coast. This is in a great mea- sure yet the case. The old churches and chapels are all on the shore; and the only occupation fishing. Even now there are few people who can be considered as far- mers only. Farming and fishing, it is well known, do not assort well together ; and however active the na- tives appear in the latter occupation, they are little inclined to exertion in the former.” Monrisx is separated from Connemara by the Killery bay, a narrow inlet, which runs ten miles into the inte- rior, between steep and lofty mountains ; and although we are not in possession of the same accurate data as to its extent of coast, &c. &c., the general nature of the soil, and the aspect of the surface are the same as Con- nemara and Joyce country. The mountains of Morisk are, however, the highest in the district. Muilrea, according to Mr. Bald, rising to a height of 2733 feet. 5 One of Bianconi’s well-appointed two-horse cars runs daily from Galway to Clifden, in connexion with the Dublin mail, performing the journey from Galway in nine hours. This is the only public conveyance into the district ; but cars and ponies can be hired at Ough- terard, Corrib Lodge, and Clifden. Leaving Galway, the immediate vicinity of which we have noticed in No. 57, we proceed along the lime- stone plain which skirts Lough Corrib, with the Lough on our right, and the low hills of Iar Connaught on our left. The country to Oughterard presents an extraordinary mixture of crag, rock, morass, and lake ; numerous cabins with patches of cultivated land inter- mingling with the rocks, groups of natural and planted © wood, and several villas. Two miles from Galway, on the right, is Dangan ; and near it Glenlo, the villa of Lady Ffrench. At five Woodstock, Francis Comyn, Esq.; at six Danesfield, P.M. Burke, Esq.; near this is Moycullen, the cottage of ——-— Lynch, Esq.; on the right the road lead- ing to the Ferry of Knock, and on the left the road which crosses the moor to Spiddle Harbour; next Drimcong, J. Kilkelly, Esq.; Knockbane, Anthony NO. LXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO CLIFDEN. 295 bounded on the south by Galway-bay, on the north by Clew-bay, on the west by the Atlantic, and on the east, for the greater part, by Loughs Corrib and Mask. The average length of this district from south to north is about thirty-five, and its breadth twenty-five Irish miles. According to Mr. Nimmo’s able report, which, however, only refers to Connemara and Joyce country, : “various great inlets penetrate the district, so that no part of it is distant four miles from existing navigation. There are upwards of twenty safe and capacious harbours, fit for vessels of any burthen ; about twenty-five navigable lakes in the interior, of a mile or more in length, besides hundreds smaller; the sea coast and all these lakes abound with fish. The dis- trict, with its islands, possesses no less than four hun- dred miles of sea shore. On Lough Corrib it has about fifty miles of shore; so that with Lough Mask, &c., there are, perhaps, as many miles of shore of the sea or navigable lakes, as there are square miles of sur- face.” ‘«‘ Although Connemara be mountainous, it is by no means an upland country like Wicklow ; at least three- fourths of the western portion of it is not one hundred feet above the level of the sea. Great part of the sou- thern portion rises from the shore of Galway-bay, in a gentle sloping plain to about three hundred feet, at the upper edge of which there are some hills about seven hundred feet. But Joyce’s country, on the other hand, is an elevated tract with flat topped hills of one thou- sand three hundred feet, to two thousand ; interspersed with deep and narrow valleys. Ona general view the whole district seems a continued tract of bog and moun- tain, the arable land not a tenth of the whole sur- face.” This district is very destitute of wood, a few scrubby patches only, being thinly scattered through it. The country, however, possesses an extensive stool of tim- ber, for in almost every dry knoll or cliff, the oak, birch, and hazel appear shooting in abundance, and require only a little care to rise into valuable forests. The original population of this district seems to have been 298 NO. LXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO CLIFDEN. which are not of great elevation, can be distinctly traced as they rise in long ridges from the heathy plain. Our road continues along the Feogh river, which ex- pands itself into several considerable lakes ; and at five miles reaches Lough Bofin, which it also skirts. About two miles beyond this, the road to Maam, or Corrib Lodge branches off to the right; on the left, Kilkerran bay comes within six miles, and the new road which leads to it branches off a little beyond Shindella Cross. Kinxerran is the largest of all the sea bays which in- dent the southern coast of this district, runs ten miles into the country, and is in many places six miles in breadth ; its numerous arms and branches, inclose the large inhabited islands of Garomna, Lettermore, and several smaller ones. The improvements lately effected by the Board of Works, in the navigation and pass of Bealdangan, one of the upper arms of the bay, will facili- tate to the opening up, and general intercourse of this large and hitherto inaccessible district. From the ex- traordinary ramifications of this sea bay, there are great tracts of land which are difficult to approach. Near the head of the bay is Invermore, the fishing lodge of J. O’Hara, Esq. Passing in succession Lough-a-preaghan, the Lakes of Anderrow, and Shindella ; at ten miles from Oughte- rard we reach Fiynn’s Inn or HALrway-nHovuss, which is near the shore of Loughonard. This, which can scarcely be called an inn, is the first house of enter- tainment we meet with; and here also, ponies can be hired by those who wish to explore the surrounding» mountains. Up to this point, there is nothing in the scenery, but what is common to the wild districts of Kerry and Donegal; but as we advance towards the group of BrnaBona, or the Twrtve Pins, as they are generally called, the most wild and gigantic scenery is displayed. The country to the south of the road is open, and does not rise to any great elevation. Five miles from the Halfway-house we pass, on the right, close to the road, the cottage called the Recess, and on the left Garromin Lake, on the opposite shores of which is Glandalough, the seat of Mahon, Esq. This NO. LXXVIIL—DUBLIN TO CLIFDEN. 297 O’Flaherty, Esq.; and at nine oss, the handsome seat of James Martin, Esq. This well-kept place is very remarkable from the detached lake of Ross, along the banks of which the demesne stretches. Loucu Corrs is here four miles from the road, the inter- vening land is generally low, in many places mere morass, and all subject to the inundations of the lake. Proceeding, the road again advances towards the shores of the lough, and passing Portacairn, Nolan, Esq.; Zemonfield, T. H. O’Fflahertie, Esq.; Corrib- dale, Robert Martin, Esq.; and reaches the straggling village of OUGHTERARD, romantically situated on Lough Corrib, and watered by the Feogh, which forms a succession of small rapids, called the Salmon-leap, above the village, and carries its limpid stream through it, passing before it reaches the lough, under a natural tunnel of limestone. Oughte- rard contains a small barrack for infantry, a church, and a commodious Roman Catholic chapel. Near the Salmon- leap is Clareville, the lodge of the proprietor of the town, A. F. St. George, Esq. The country around is wild and romantic; but near the town it has been of late years con- siderably planted and improved. The shores of the lake are flat, and boats with passengers ply across it to Cong, which is distant only ten miles. Along its margin, which is well inhabited, a road extends for several miles. Leaving Oughterard, we soon emerge on that wild district which presents itself under every ‘possible combination of heathy moor, bog, lake and mountain. Extensive mossy plains and wild pastoral valleys abounding in loughs and streams, lie embo- somed among the mountains, and support numerous herds of cattle and horses, for which the district has long been celebrated. These wild solitudes, which occupy by far the greater part of the centre of the country, are held by a hardy and ancient race of grazing farmers, who live in a very primitive state, and, gene- rally speaking, till little beyond what supplies their immediate wants. For the first ten miles the country is comparatively open; and the mountains on the left, 300 NO. LX XVIII. DUBLIN TO CLIFDEN. Beyond Ballynahinch lake, the country on the left is more open and cultivated; it assumes a vast moorland character, stretching westward to Slyne Head and Man- nin Bay. From the mountains, close to the road, you command a view of this extensive tract, studded with its myriads of lakes gleaming in every direction. Two miles from Ballynahinch lake, we pass on the right the road leading to the much talked of Verd antique marble quarries ; and, passing the hills which connect with the western slopes of the Twelve Pins, at six miles from Ballynahinch lake, we reach CLIFDEN. Nothing can be more striking than the situation of this small seaport town, which has sprung up within these twenty years. It is about four miles from the ocean, and rises over a navigable though narrow inlet, running in off Ardbear harbour; and is backed by a lofty range of circular hills. The town which has been built with some regularity, contains one or two streets, and several shops. There are a large Chapel, a neat Church, and commodious School-house, and, considering the isolated situation, a good Inn. The trade of the town is considerable; the export of oats now amounting to a thousand tons annually. A little kelp is also exported. There are also Corn Stores, and a small Distillery and Brewery. The country around, has also considerably improved. A road leads by Ballinboy and Mannin Bay, towards Slyne Head; and on the peninsula of the latter is situated Bunowen, the residence of G. O’Neille, Esq. This road enables the tourist to explore the shores and country adjacent. The country around Bunowen is among the best culti- vated and most populous part of Connemara. Two miles from Clifden, on the shores of that beautiful bay, called Ardbear Harbour, (an arm of which runs up to the town,) stands Clifden Castle, the seat of John D’Arcy, Esq., the proprietor of the town, and (in this district,) next to Mr. Martin in extent of surface. The house is a plain castellated edifice, flanked by a consi- derable extent of plantations; the grounds are rough and partially cultivated; and the views embrace a NO. LXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO CLIFDEN. 299 romantic residence was wholly formed by the late Dean Mahon, who availed himself of the natural wood and beauties of the place; and, apart from the grandeur of the scenery, is the only cheering spot we meet with along the brown dreary waste from Oughterard to Ballynahinch. To the right of Garromin Lake is the vale of Ina, which sweeps along the eastern boundary of the Binabola mountains; and at the mouth of the vale stands the insulated hill of Coolnacarton, affording from its summit, though only nine hundred feet high, one of the best views of the vales, loughs, and moun- tains that is to be found. In particular that chain of lakes called Ballynahinch, Derryclare, and Ina, which bound the Twelve Pins on the east and west. Leaving Lough Garromin, we have the loughs of Derry- clare and Ballynahinch, which lave the southern slopes of Lettery, (here forming the front of the Binabola group,) and receive the rills which furrow its precipitous sides. Ballynahinch is the largest and most easterly of these lakes, and into it the deep basin of Glen Hagan, situated in the centre of the Binabola mountains sends its waters. On the opposite side of this lake, and about three miles to the left, is Ballyna- hinch House, the residence of Thomas B. Martin, Esq., the principal proprietor of the district, and who, as regards mere territory, possesses more acres than any other person in the kingdom. The group of BrnaBoLa or Twetve Pins, the great centre of attraction, and the most extraordinary and beautiful assemblage of summits in the kingdom, is situated in the middle of the district of Connemara and: Joyce country, and occupies a space of nearly five miles syuare. It con- sists of two distinct ranges or groups of summits, con- nected together by the elevated pass of Maam Ina. All these summits have their distinct names ; but the more important, and those which can be readily distinguished are Lettery and Bengower rising over Ballynahinch Lake ; Derryclare over the adjoining lake bearing its name; and on the north, Knockonhiggin. These sum- mits range from 1,900 to 2,400 feet above the level of the sea. 302 NO. LXXIX——-DUBLIN TO ROUNDSTONE. tions of the late Alexander Nimmo, who built the town, having leased the lands from the proprietor, Mr. Martin. The road to Roundstone branches off the Clifden road, about eight miles from the Halfway-house, and we soon reach Ballynahinch, the residence of Mr. Martin. This house is commodious, though it has no pretensions to ar- chitecture, and although little has been done in the im- provement of the demesne, it is capable of being ren- dered one of the finest residences in the kingdom. It is surrounded by a great extent of natural copse wood, and enjoys magnificent views of the Lake, Twelve Pins, the fine river which bears along the surplus waters of ‘se- veral lakes and mountain tarns to the sea, and also of Roundstone and Birterbuy bays, with numerous islands in front. The annexed plate will give some idea of the lake and surrounding scenery. Keeping along the banks of the beautiful river of Ballynahinch, which affords the best salmon fishing in the country, and skirting the slopes of the mountains of Urrisbeg, at four miles and a [/ half from Mr. Martin’s, we reach ROUNDSTONE. The “ Angler in Ireland,” who happened to visit this } place under fortuitous circumstances, at least as regards | the state of the weather, says, “ The white cottages of Roundstone, clustering round the base of the hill of the same name, the broken rocky shores that on all sides encircle the bay, the gigantic arms that it extends deep into the land, the fishing boats idly rocking in the little port, with the many others skimming across the blue water, in every direction, and, beyond and above all, the lofty chain of the Twelve Pins, piercing far into the azure vault of heaven unstained by a single cloud; these several objects of beauty alternately engaged my } eye and charmed my mind, as our tiny frigate shot across the bosom of this fine harbour.” Behind Roundstone, rises the mountain of Urrisbeg, the view from which, says Mr. Inglis, is “ more singular than beautiful.’ Here Connemara is perceived to be truly that which its name denotes, “Bays of the Sea ;” the whole of its western coast is laid open, with NO. LXXIX.—DUBLIN TO ROUNDSTONE. 301 great range of bleak and heathy surface.—Yet the situ- ation is unrivalled; and the hills in the back ground, the beautiful land-locked bay in front, and the ocean on the west, blending with the distant horizon, make some amends for the absence of trees and ver- dant lawns. Two miles west of the town, on the road leading to Clifden and Renvyle, is Streamstown, a hamlet situated at the head of a long navigable arm of the sea, which runs in from Achris Point; around this the land is considerably improved, and in travelling hence to Ballynakill harbour, which is ~ about five miles from Clifden, and three of Streams- town, we pass through the best lands of Connemara. This comparatively fertile district affords some re- pose to the eye, and a contrast to the monotonous dark heathy surface which pervade nearly the whole country. This division is the estate of ———— Lynch, Esg. From the road to Ballynakill, roads branch westward along the lonely coast to Achris Point and Cleggan-bay. At the latter isa small pier, outside of which are several small isles, one of which, Friar Isle, exhibits some old monastic remains. Along this road, and for many miles forward to Renvyle and Clifden, we travel through a succession of the most varied and attrac- tive scenery. From every adjoining height and eleva- tion of the road we catch glimpses of the most lovely and striking objects. No. LXXIX.--DUBLIN TO ROUNDSTONE, IN CONNEMARA. BY GALWAY, OUGHTERARD, AND BALLYNAHINCH. Miles. Oughterard, asin No. LXXVIII.|119 Halfway-house = : . 10 }129 Ballynahinch . 6 . 11 4140 Roundstone . : 3 . 42/1442 Tue village of RounpstTons, consisting of several well-built two-story houses, with its inn, and carrying on a little trade, principally in fishing, is situated on the bay of that name, and owes its existence to the exer- ——————————ee 304 NO. LXXX.—DUBLIN TO RENVYLE OR TULLY. a view of their summits, this displays all the deep dells, — ravines and glens, the impending cliffs and pinnacles, into which their sides are broken. From its hilly nature this road is but little frequented; the generality of tra- vellers making the circuit by Clifden, which, although it increases the distance eleven miles, is the easier and quicker road, there being public conveyances to and from Clifden, and a good road thence the whole way to Renvyle. j We branch off the Clifden road about two miles from the Halfway-house,gand proceed through the vale of Lough Ina, which east, from the chain boundary of the barony and joins the old roa Toorenacoona. Passing along the bas hi cartin, at six miles we reach the neighbourhood of the beautiful Lough Ina, which receives the various streams issuing from the adjacent slopes of the Twelve Pins, and is the most northerly of the chain of lakes which wash their base. On the south side of this lake the mountain cliffs are particularly grand, in one place a naked perpendicular precipice rises to a height of twelve hundred feet. At ten miles from the Half- way-house we arrive at the summit of Maam Turc, | which commands an extensive view of the northern sides of Brnazoua, in their wildest garb and in all the majesty of solitude. Descending the steep and rugged sides of Maam Ture, at three miles we reach the lake of Kylemore, which, for picturesque grandeur, is not to be excelled in all the various scenes of wonder and de- light which this extraordinary region affords. This’ lake is about two miles in length, and is embosomed among the hills which tail off the northern side of Binabola. It is the most lovely of all the lakes ; and contains more of nature’s framework—(the oak, birch, holly, and hazel copse), than is here usually met with. Lough Feogh, | another of these sequestered mountain lakes, much larger than the lake of Kylemore, and around which the scenery is very wild and striking, lies about three miles to the right, that is, about midway between Kylemore ll NO. LXXX.—DUBLIN TO RENVYLE OR TULLY. 303 its innumerable bays and islets. Northward is also seen that vast flat and bare moorland district, thickly studded with small lakes, through which the new and excellent road of ten miles in extent from Roundstone to Clifden runs; and the Twelve Pins, with the river, lake, and demesne of Ballynahinch. At the base of Urrisbeg, in 1835, the Mediterranean Heath was first observed by Mr. Mackay, the author of “Flora Hibernica.” The harbour of Roundstone is remarkably commodious and safe; there is excellent anchorage, and sufficient depth of water for the largest vessels close to the pier at any time of the tide. Ad- joining Roundstone, is the beautiful harbour of Birter- buy, which runs into the land five miles, and is in some parts from one totwo miles broad. These bays, from their singular configuration and extent, are remarkable fea- turesin the scenery, and highly important as regards the improvement of the country. From Roundstone a road leads along the coast towards Slyne Head. Crua- nakeely, the largest of the islets of the bay, is used by Mr. Martin as a deer park. No. LXXX.—DUBLIN TO RENVYLE OR TULLY, IN CONNEMARA. FIRST ROAD, BY GALWAY AND OUGHTERARD. Miles, Oughterard, as in No. LXXVIII.4 119 Halfway-house t - - 10 | 129 Maam Ture . - - - 91} 188 Renvyle . . “ : : 8) 146 Tus is a mere bridle path, and not fit for wheeled vehicles of any kind. Indeed it is only with difh- culty that ponies can cross Maam Ture. The coun- try through which this road lies is among the wildest in the district; but it leads to no important point, and terminates with the small hamlet of Tully, and the solitary demesne of Renvyle. It discloses, however, some of the most magnificent scenery, and in its pro- gress sweeps round the eastern and northern bases of the Twelve Pins; and while the more distant roads afford 306 NO. LXXXI.— DUBLIN TO RENVYLE. regards general site; the latter being the local name of the pass, the former having been erected by the late Mr. Nimmo, on the lands held by him from the Earls of Leitrim and Charlemont, who, together with the Provost of Trinity College, ex officio, possess a great extent of territory in the barony. LEENANE is a wretched hamlet near the head of Kil- lery bay ; and under the Killery is included the whole of the magnificent scenery along its shores. Those who adopt this route, will require either to hire a car at Oughterard to Maam, or should they go by the Clifden. mail car to the cross of Shindella, arrange to have some . conveyance to meet them there from Maam. In this way Renvyle is also reached from Leenane, by a good and direct road. At the cross of Shindella, the road to ’ Maam branches off the Clifden line, and at four and a half miles from that point reaches Corrib lodge Inn, which is picturesquely situated at the head of the long navigable arm of Lough Corrib, running up into this part of Joyce country, to meet the Bealnabrack river. The roads from Oughterard, Cong, and Westport here unite, and meet the head of the navigable part of Lough Corrib. The small inn is comfortable; and during the summer months a place of considerable resort. Cars, ponies, and boats can be hired here. With the exception of the Glen of Bealnabrack, which stretches from Lough Corrib to Killery, or-which is the same thing, from Maam to Leenane, there is a ge- neral resemblance throughout the various parts of this district. The rivers, generally speaking, have no defined course, but expand into labyrinths of small lakes. The glens and valleys are tortuous ; the plains are irregularly broken by hills and mountains solitary or in groups rising through them ; and, unless in a general point of view, it is difficult sometimes to designate them, so as to make them intelligible to the traveller. But the Glen of Bealnabrack is defined by the chain of round topped and steep-sided mountains which rise to a height of two thousand feet on the west, and separate this glen from the somewhat parallel Glen of Lough Ina; and on ees, NO, LXXXI.—DUBLIN TO RENVYLE. 305 and the Killery harbour. Passing Poulacoople lough, we soon cross the new road from Clifden to Leenane, and winding along the mountain glens to the small village of Tully, within a mile of which is the demesne of Ren- vyle, the seat of Henry Blake, Esq. This demesne is situ- ated near the point of the narrow headland which lies be- tween the harbour of Ballinakill and Killery. From its situation it is much exposed to the Atlantic storms, but, under these disadvantages, it is astonishing how much has been effected by the industry and perseverance of Mr. Blake. Nor have his improyements been limited to the grounds about the houses they extend far around, aced for several miles along the various place is approached. ig Small, though commodious; and so I the walls are slated to protect it ects of the sea spray. The detached hill of Renvyle forms-an important feature in the home scenery, and from it to the west you command a view of the inha- bited islands of Innisbofin and Innisturk, the larger of the numerous islands which are scattered around ; on the north, the harbour of Killery, with Muilrea, the loftiest of the western mountains guarding its entrance, and the cone of Croagh-Patrick towering over the lesser heights of Morisk ; in the distance Clare Island lying athwart Clew Bay, and backed hy the lofty cliffs of Achill. The small village of Tully contains a clean lit- tle Inn, at which tourists visiting this place, and the Killery Bay, frequently sleep. We may here remark that Maam Turc is also crossed by a broad road from Corrib Lodge. No. LXXXI.—DUBLIN TO RENVYLE. SECOND ROAD, BY GALWAY, OUGHTERARD, CORRIB LODGE OR MAAM, AND THE KILLERY, Miles. Oughterard, as in No. LXXVIII. 119 Cross of Shindella . Bee e 7 {126 Corrib LodgeorMaam . . . 4 {130 Leenane . : . - e « 62/1362! Renvyle . 5 i - 3 14 41502 CorRIB LODGE and MAam are synonymous, at least as x . 308 NO. LXXXI.—DUBLIN TO RENVYLE. rope, to the Norwegian Fiords. If the weather admits, the magnificently stern scenery of this bay, or ocean gorge as it has been aptly termed, is best seen from the water, for which purpose boats can be obtained at Leenane ; but the bay is subject to sudden and dange- rous squalls. A hilly road runs along the southern shores or Galway side of the bay, passing the small har- bour of Bunowen and the little Killery, and round the coast to Renvyle ; but it is in many places a mere bridle path. From the hill of Sallruck, at the head of the little Killery, a splendid view of the harbour and entrance, &c. is obtained. On the opposite side of the Killery, and about two miles above the confluence of the Bundarough river is Delphi, the mountain lodge of the Marquess of Sligo. It is situated in one of the many picturesque recesses which are to be met with in the unfrequented wilds of Morisk, and is well worthy ofa visit. There is nothing remark- able about the lodge ; but the scenery around is com- posed of all that wildness and grandeur, which moun- tains, varied in all their finest forms, always afford. Proceeding to Renvyle, we keep the new road to Clif- den, which, for a short distance skirts the bay, and pass- ing the head of the wild and picturesque Lough-Feogh already noticed, we join the mountain road of Maam Ture, near the beautiful lake of Kylemore, which we have also already glanced at. It is difficult to conceive any moun- tain scenery more varied and striking than this portion of the road discloses: to attempt a delineation would far exceed our limits; in a word—it must be seen to be understood. The distance along the new line from Leenane to Clifden is twenty miles of excellent road, pass- ing through some of the wildest mountain scenery of Connemara, and skirting the Killery and the large and beautiful Lake of Kylemore. It presents, in addition to what we have enumerated, a succession of lakes embosomed among the mountains, which are in many places precipitous, and very picturesque. NO. LXXXI.—DUBLIN-TO RENVYLE. 307 the east by the deeper range of mountains which extends to the shores of Lough Mask, and points out Joyce coun- try for many miles throughout the still more easterly subjacent plains of Mayo. Here also the Bealnabrack, with its principal tributaries, can be more readily traced; the vale itself is better cultivated, and partakes more of nature’s softer and richer beauties than are usually met with in this district. It reminds us, in some degree, of the valleys of the wilder parts of Done- gal yet to be visited, save that here the mountain sides wear a darker and more varied livery. All these, and many more particulars, the traveller cannot fail to ob- serve as he proceeds along the uneven valley to LEENANE, or; as it is often called, Jack Joyce’s, a mere assem- blage of huts, among which the larger and better built house, formerly occupied by Jack, the only _ place of entertainment, stands pre-eminent. Leenane is situated near the head of the narrow inlet called Killery harbour, which runs into the country for ten miles from the Atlantic, and, for so far separates the counties of Galway and Mayo, also Morisk from Connemara and Joyce country. In breadth it varies . from a quarter to half a mile; is an excellent har- bour even for large vessels, its depth being from ten to twelve fathoms. There is a valuable salmon fishery in the bay; and-cod, haddock, and herrings are also caught in abundance. The Owen Ertve river is preci- pitated into the Killery a little above Leenane, and the Bundarough, which discharges a large body of the accv. mulated waters of Morisk, joins it about two miles below. At the mouth of the harbour an arm of the bay, called the little Killery, runs about three miles into the land. The Killery is bounded by steep and lofty moun- tains, among which the Muilrea group, guarding the entrance, rises to a height of two thousand six hun- dred and seventy feet. The scenery is admitted on all hands to be the most magnificent of its kind in Ireland, and has been compared by Mr. Inglis, and others equally well acquainted with the north of Eu- 310 No. LXXXIII—DUBLIN TO LEENANE. SECOND ROAD, BY WESTPORT. Miles. Westport, asin No. LXX . 1342 Leenane. . . . «14 $1492 Tuts road increases the distance to Leenane compared with that we have already described—No. 81, twelve miles ; but it is easier reached, the public coaches run- ning to Westport, which is only fourteen miles distant. The great drawback is, that at Leenane there are no conveyances by which the traveller can proceed. Those, therefore, who take this route will do well to engage the conveyances to Clifden or Maam from Westport, if they mean to advance into the district. OUGHTERARD, Cone, and Lernant, being the only three passes into Connemara and Joyce country; and Westport, being the town immediately connected with Leenane, we have introduced this line, to enable us to notice a portion of country, through which many travel, both entering and leaving Connemara. The road to Delphi, which we have noticed in the preceding line, branches off this road four miles from Westport ; it leads by the Shatry lead mines, and over the pass of Barna- darig. The country is equally interesting, and the tra- veller can cross the Killery to Leenane. The road, however, is not so good. On clearing the romantic environs of Westport, we soon enter the mountains of Morisk, and, crossing the Shralla stream, proceed along a smooth though hilly road, from which a succession of boggy plains, dells, ravines, and hills in endless variety are displayed ; and above the latter Croacu Patrick, lifting his beautiful cone, pro- ducing an effect similar to that which in towns lofty steeples have, towering over the surrounding though less aspiring buildings. On every side of this road we see numerous spots of reclaimed land with the accom- panying cabins of the tillers of the soil; and, however rude and imperfectly these operations are performed, still it is pleasing and serves to shew how much 309 No. LXXXII—DUBLIN TO CORRIB LODGE OR MAAM. SECOND ROAD, BY CONG. Miles. . Cong, asin No. LXXVII. 1183 Corrib Lodge . Pa ety. hee TORE Tuts road, although equi-distant with the preced- ing, is not so easily approached, unless by those whose business may lead them to the central parts of Mayo. By this route it will be necessary to hire some conveyance, either at Headford, Hollymount, or Bal- linrobe, according to the traveller’s movements. It will be quite evident to travellers, that from Cong they can proceed to any part of Connemara, by the routes we have already pointed out and described. The only road which can be passed by carriages is that by Flower Hill. On leaving Cong, we gradually ascend the hills, and in our progress obtain a view of Lough Corrib, with its numerous low islands on the one hand, and » Lough Mask on the other. Our road keeps gene- rally along the shore, which is remarkably bleak and craggy; but the views of the lake and opposite hills around Oughterard afford a pleasing relief. As the scenery on the left, viz. the Morisk mountains, is merely a modification of that which prevails through- out the district we have just entered, and will be presented to the traveller in a thousand better forms and combinations as he advances, we will not here detain him. Before we reach Maam, however, our road again skirts Lough Corrib for a considerable distance, which is here with its surrounding scenery, interesting. As we advance, the Glen of Bealna- brack, with its mountain boundaries, gradually disclose themselves; and the lodge and handsome bridge ad- joining, appear from this road, in, perhaps, their finest points of view. 312 NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. in the centre of the county, and about midway between the well-known Loughs Ennel and Owhel. The country immediately around is flat, and the soil is of a very mixed and variable character. As an assize town in the heart of a fine country, a constant and large military station, a very general thoroughfare, and the principal station between Dublin and Longford on the line of the Royal Canal, Mullin- gar, as a town, has little worthy of notice. The county Jail and Court-house are substantial plain buildings, the Church is a handsome structure, the Roman Catholic Chapel occupying an elevated site, is large and consi- derably enriched in its exterior, and the small Presby- terian Meeting-house could scarcely be recognized but for its isolated position. The large infantry barracks are a short distance from the town. The business of Mullingar is limited to the fairs and markets ; the for- mer rank next to Ballinasloe for horses and cattle ; and, at the latter, considerable quantities of farming produce are weekly disposed of, and forwarded by the Royal Canal to Dublin. Lough Ennel, or Belvedere Lake, as it is often called, lies about two miles to the south of Mullingar ; and is about four miles in length by two in breadth. With the exception of the eastern side, on which are the principal improvements, its shores are tame and bald; and while they afford much amusement to the angler, offer but little to the eye ef the painter. Attracted by the undulations of the eastern shores, however, numerous villas and one or two fine seats have been. reared. Among them we may enumerate Lynnbury, the villa of Thomas Uniacke, Esq.; La Mancha, Hudson, Esq.; Bloomfield, Boyd, Esq.; and Belvedere, the lodge of the Earl of Lanesborough, but not occu- pied by his lordship. In this beautiful villa, where the late Earl of Belvedere resided, are some extensive and well-executed imitations of manorial and castellated ruins. Adjoining the latter is Rochfort, the seat of Sir F. Hopkins, Bart. The extent and beauty of the undulat- ing grounds which stretch along the lake, the profusion NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN. TO SLIGO. 311 may be done in the improvement of these vast wastes, under well-concerted and properly directed plans. In their present state, thousands of acres are admirably suited for pasturage—even to the graz- ing of the cheviot sheep; and we regret that the extensive depasturage, by the improved breeds of mountain sheep, which was so well carried on by the Marquess of Sligo, the proprietor of Morisk, some years ago, has not been continued. We soon reach the Owen Erive river, and crossing by the handsome bridge lately built, proceed along its wild and picturesque banks to Leenane. Though the country along this road is wild and mountainous, the traveller will be pleased to see the mountain sides and valleys chequered with symptoms of advancing im- provement. No. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. BY LUCAN, LEIXLIP, MAYNOOTH, ENFIELD, KINNEGAD, MULLINGAR, LONGFORD, CARRICK-ON-SHANNON, AND BOYLE—104 MILES. Miles. . Miles. Kinnegad; asin No. LVII. | 30 |; Drumsna . ; 7 2) Mullingar. . « 91] 39 || Jamestown ‘outa Fie) Ue) | Rathowen . 3 - 10 | 49 || Carrick-on-Shannon . 23| 762 Edgeworthstown. . 8§$| 523} Boyle evap te oiby gonna 84 Longford ~« + + 68! 594\| Colooney . + + ~ 148} 983 Newton Forbes . - 23) 62 || Ballisadare Reo ore LOO Dromod . “42'S + 769 !lShigo . 3 s 4 « 3gil04 Tug is the principal branch off the Connaught line of road. It leads to the greater part of Westmeath, and to the counties of Longford, Roscommon, Leitrim, and Sligo. On leaving Kinnegad for Mullingar, we soon pass on the left the demesnes of Grifinstown and Lowtown, both of which are noted in connexion with Kinnegad, No. 57. Before reaching the town, we meet several neat villas, and cross for the fifth time on this road, the Royal Canal. _ Mutuicar, the chief town of Westmeath, is situated S42 NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. left Levington—R. H. Levinge, Esq.; and at three reach Lough Owhel, along the shores of which our road stretches. This lake is about three miles long by one and a-half broad. It is a deep clear sheet of water, fed by internal springs, and, as we have just remarked, forms the principal supply of the Royal Canal. The banks though not bold rise to a considerable elevation, and are naturally beautiful. Though destitute of any striking natural features, and unimproved by art, its deep pellucid waters, diversified with its tiny islets, and sweetly varied though naked shores, entitle it to rank among the prettiest of our smaller inland lakes. Portlemon, the residence of Lord De Blaquiere, is the only demesne on the opposite side of the lake ; and at the northern end is Mount Murray, Murray, Esq. Pro- ceeding along the shores of the lake we pass the remains of the old demesne of Porineshangan ; and, on the beau- tiful pastoral hills to the right, the Church of Leney, occupying a conspicuous site. About a mile from the road, also on the right, is Wuson’s HosPiITAL, so named from the legator, Mr. Andrew Wilson, who be- queathed his estates amounting to nearly £4,000 per annum,for the education and apprenticeship of Protestant Orphans, also the support of a limited number of old men. The hospital is a large building, and from its elevated position forms a striking object in the bleak country lying east of the hills which bound this side of Lough Owhel. The trust is reposed in the Archbishops of Armagh, Dublin and Tuam, and the Bishops of Meath and Kilmore, for the time being. About two miles east from Wilson’s hospital, near the shores of Lough Dereveragh, are the village and Abbey ruins of Multifarnham. This monastery, whose beauti- ful ruins still remind us of its former importance, was founded by Wm. Delamere, for Conventical F ranciscans, in 1236; and after many mutations, was destroyed by the Rochforts in the beginning of the last century. — Sir Henry Piers states, that in it the fatal rebellion of 1641 was hatched. This ruin is situated in the boggy plain which extends along the shores of the lower NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN .TO SLIGO. 313 of fine trees every where through them, and the situation and style of the whole place render Rochfort one of the first residences in this portion of the country. A little beyond Rochfort, and five miles from Mullingar, is Car- vick, the residence of W. Fetherstone Haugh, Esq- The above places are on the road from Mullingar to - Tyrrell’s Pass ;—and, in connexion with the same line of road, but not on the shores of the lake, are Gay- brook, the seat of Robert Smith, Esq.; and Dunbodin Park, Richard Cooper, Esq. Near the above is Anne- ville, Mr. Robinson. / At the upper end of the lake, on the road lead- ing from Mullingar to Athlone, is Zadistown, J.C. Lyons Esq.; and Green Park, the lodge of Sir G. Hodson, Bart. On the western shores of the lake opposite to Rochfort, the boundaries of the demesne of Desart can still be traced by the few remaining trees. Two miles east from Mullingar, on the road leading to Castlepollard by the Crooked-wood, is Cullen, the villa of Thomas M‘Evoy, Esq., and a little beyond it Knockdrin, the seat of Sir Richard Levinge, Bart. The modern mansion is a handsome castellated structure; and the park in extent, surface, plantations, water—natural and artificial, is a splendid specimen of scenery. The wooded hill of Knockdrin is, perhaps, one of the most remarkable features in this neighbourhood. Adjoining is Ballynagall, the seat of James Gibbons, Esq. The hand- some Grecian mansion accords with the rich and beau- tiful park around; while the schools and neat church in the demesne, together with the picturesque, but comfortable houses for the tradesmen and_ labourers, shew the good taste and liberality of the proprietor. Ballynagall and Knockdrin, together form a consi- derable extent of park scenery. Three miles farther, on the shores of Lough Dereveragh, is Morning- _ ton, the residence of Owen Daly, Esq. After leaving Mullingar for Sligo, we cross the Royal Canal for the last time, just at its summit level, and soon after meet the stream from Lough Owhel, which forms its principal supply. At two miles we pass on the 316 NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. of Pallas. Adjoining Baronston and also near Lough Iron, is Tristernagh Abbey, the decayed seat of Sir John B. Piers, Bart. - Iron, Dereveragh, Kennail, and Sheelin, are a chain of lakes connected by the Inny, whose sluggish stream steals through the deep boggy plains lying between these sheets of water. The last is in the county of Cavan, and much the largest of the three. From Lough Iron, the Inny proceeds by the town of Ballymahon to the Shannon. Three miles from Ballinalack we reach the village of Rathowen, where there are still a com- fortable inn and good posting. Mewpass, the residence of Whitty, Esq., is near the village and not far from the small Loughglyn and Foxhall—Barry Fox, Esq., lies about two miles to the left. About three miles from Rathowen, on the road lead- ing to Granard, is the village of Street ; and beyond it Kindevin, the residence of Robert Sproule, Esq. It is pleasing to see how much this gentleman has done in the improvement of the swamps bordering his demesne. Leaving Rathowen we enter the county of Longford, in which our road continues till we meet the Shannon near Ruskey bridge. At four miles from Rathowen we reach EDGEWORTHSTOWN, This small and comparatively neat village is sur- rounded by a great extent of flat bogs and tillage lands, in almost regular alternations. The natural bleakness of this district is, however, considerably relieved by the hedge-rows of Canadian poplar, which have here been planted in greater quantity than in any other. part of this division of the kingdom. Edgeworthstown has somewhat the appearance of an English village. The church, chapel, school for the education of the sons of the established clergy, (the only one in the kingdom,) and the cheerful old-fashion- ed mansion of the Edgeworth family, with the style of the planting, and the low sunk fences of the Park, are all in keeping. The works of Maria Edgeworth and her talented father, will render this place long memorable to all who value science and literature. Lovell Edge- NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 315 part of Lough Dereveragh ; and we regret to state, has been much injured in appearance by a portion of it having been lately shedded as a chapel under the direc- tion of the Franciscan Friars who are located in its im- mediate vicinity. Adjoining the Abbey lands is Donore, the seat of Sir Percy Nugent, Bart. The grounds of this beautifully situated demesne stretch along the southern shores of the lake for a considerable distance. The large mansion is a handsome substantial Grecian structure. Below the Abbey, also on the banks of the lake, are Ballinacloon, Patrick Edward Murphy, Esq., and the remains of Lacken, the old family seat of the Delamere family. Resuming our route, at five miles from Mullingar, and near the foot of Lough Owhel, we pass the poor hamlet of Banbrusna, to the right of which lies Clane-hugh, a seat of the Earl of Granard; and at seven miles reach the village of Ballinalack. This village is situated on the banks of the river Inny, and about midway between Lough Iron and Lough Dereveragh. The latter lies about two miles east of the village, and is about five miles long—its breadth is very variable. The upper part of the lake is very picturesque, particularly around the base of Knock Ion, the most striking of the West- meath hills. The lower part of the lake is uninteresting, being bounded by flat swampy shores—in many places the shores are deep flow-bog, and in winter they are all subject to inundation. We have noticed the princi- pal features on this side of the lake; the opposite shores are described in connection with the road from Dublin to Granard. Lough Iron lies about a mile west of Ballinalack— it is about two miles in length and three quarters of a mile in breadth. Its shores are also generally flat and boggy; but on the western side they are beautified by the plantations of Baronston, the seat of Mrs. O’Connor, which stretch to its margin. This fine demesne, which contains a spacious Grecian mansion with its accom- panying adjuncts, was the seat of the late Lord Sunder- lin, who expended a large sum of money on its formation. From him it has descended to his relatives the Malones 318 NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. plain of mixed bog, swamp, pasture, and tillage lands. It is the present terminus of the Royal Canal, and is watered by the small river Camlin, which discharges its tributary waters into the Shannon three miles from the town, and about a mile below Newtown Forbes. In point of extent and in trade, both whole- sale and retail, Longford is by far the most thriving and important town between Dublin and Sligo. Its flourish- ing condition is not wholly owing to its central situation and other local advantages, but in a great measure to the judgment and liberality of the late proprietor, the late Earl of Longford. The principal streets are regularly built, the hotels are commodious and well conducted. There is a hand- some Church, a commodious Roman Catholic Chapel, and small Presbyterian and Methodist Meeting Houses. There are also an extensive County Court-house and Jail, with Cavalry and Artillery Barracks: and, what better indicates the improvement of the town, extensive stores, corn mills, tan yards, and breweries, in addition to the existing ones, are building in various ditec- tions. Leaving Longford we proceed through a flat and fertile tract of country, and soon reach the village of Newtown Fores. Connected with the village is Castle Forbes, the seat of the Earl of Granard. This extensive and well wooded demesne is bounded on the west by Lough Forbes, one of the smaller loughs or enlargements of the Shannon. A little to the south of the village, near the Scotch quarter, a tract so called from the number of Scotch who, about two hundred years ago, located here, is Brianstown, Thomas’ Ach- muty,,désq. For the next seventeen miles the road skirts the Shannon, affording an occasional view of the loughs, swamps, and straits formed by this interesting river. From Newtown Forbes the road lies through a flat, boggy, and uninteresting district ; and on leaving the county of Longford enters the county of Leitrim, and, of course the province of Connaught, near the small vil- lage of Ruskey bridge. The Shannon here separates the NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO: 317 worth, Esq., the present proprietor, generally resides here. Four miles from Edgeworthstown, on the road leading to Castle Pollard, is Colamber, the seat of S. W. Black- all, Esq., and near it Colamber Lodge—Philip O’Reilly, Esq. On the road leading to the village of Ballinalee is Lissard, the seat of John O’Ferral, Esq.—This de- mesne now includes Firmount, the residence of the late Abbe Edgeworth, who was confessor to Louis the Six- teenth, and attended that unfortunate monarch to the scaffold. A part of the house and chapel of the Abbé still remain at Firmount. Opposite to Lissard is White- hill, Henry B.Slator, Esq. Near the straggling village of Ballinalee, which is about six miles from Edgeworths- town, and near the base of Cairne Hill, is Kilshruly, the seat of Major T. Edgeworth. At three miles on the road to Granard is Zully, the extensively wooded farm of James Bond, Esq. The road from Edgeworthstown to Longford runs through the flat country in one continuous straight line. At two miles from the former we pass, a little to the right, the Presbyterian Meeting House of Curboy, be- hind which is Newtown Bond, the demesne of Henry M. Bond, Esq.; and at two miles to the left, the hamlet and deanery of Ardagh. The latter places are well de-. fined by the adjoining hill of Ardagh which links ‘on with the more westerly hills of Slieve Gauldry, and form remarkable objects in the large plain around. As we advance, the extensive plantations of Carrick- glass, the fine seat of the Right Hon. Thomas Lefroy, are distinctly seen on the right; and beyond it the Cairne hills bounding on that side the far spreading plain. The traveller will soon descry the steeple and town of Longford, and the plantations of the handsome Glebe of Temple Michael; the occasional villa, the better farm-houses, and the somewhat improved farm- ing, will serve to engage his attention till he reaches the town of LONGFORD, ; the principal town of the county whose name it bears, like Edgeworthstown, is environed by an extensive 320 NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLICO. Admiral Sir Josias Rowley, Bart.; on ‘the left is Kilmore, A. Achmuty, Esq. On leaving Drumsna we cross the Shannon for the first time on this route, and enter the county of Roscommon. For the next mile the road runs by the demesne of Charlestown, the beautiful seat of Sir Gilbert King, Bart., when it again crosses the Shannon, re-entering the county of Leitrim, at Jamestown, formerly one of the forti- fied towns on the Shannon. Adjoining this small town is Jamestown Lodge, the seat of F. O’Beirne, Esq.; and about three miles to the right, among the fertile and beautiful hills of that part of the county of Roscommon, is Rockville, William Lloyd, Esq. Three miles from Jamestown is CARRICK-ON-SHANNON, the chief town of the county of Leitrim. This small county town contains but little to interest the traveller. There are a good court house, county jail, and infir- mary ; a handsome church, a large Roman Catholic chapel, and a small Methodist meeting house. There is also a barrack for a company of infantry. The trade is limited to the supply of necessaries for the surround- -ing district. The country to the north of Carrick-on-Shannon, though bleak and uncultivated, and the low grounds ° generally swampy, is not devoid of interest. Six miles from the town, on the road leading hence to the coun- ties of Fermanagh and Cavan, is the miserable village of Cashcarrigan, and near it Driney House, Laheen, and Letterfian. Beyond the village is a chain of small lakes. On the road to Manorhamilton, at three miles from Carrick-on-Shannon, is the poor village of Lei- trim, and at six miles the foot of Lough Allen. The road follows generally the course of the Shannon; but above the village of Leitrim, the river is so shallow that a canal cut has been formed to complete the navi- gation. Apart from all speculation. as to the rise of the Shan- non, Lough Allen must be considered as the source of this great river. The Lough is six and a-half miles in length, its greatest breadth three, its height above the ‘ NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 319 counties of Leitrim and Roscommon, and the principal part ‘of the poor village of Ruskey, is in the latter. Moyglass lies about three miles to the left on the road to Strokestown. About two miles from Ruskey Bridge, we pass through the village of Dromod. It is situated on the shores of Lough Boffin, another of the enlargements of the Shannon. Here the wooded promontories and swelling hills, with the creeks and bays of the adjoining Loughs Boffin and Bodarrig, yield an agreeable contrast to the bleak country around. The wooded promonto- ries which are here so striking form a part of Derry- cairn, the beautiful seat of Francis Nisbett, Esq. Three miles to the right of Dromod, on the cross road leading to Ballinamore, is the small town of Mouix1, and near it, on the shores of the smal] Lough Rynn, are Lakefield, Duke Crofton, Esq.; Clooncahir, Sir M. G. Crofton, Bart.: Rynn, the lodge of Viscount Clements ; and Drumard, T. B. Jones, Esq. The country now presents a succession of low round naked hills, with intervening marshy plains, particularly on the right of the road; and this character increases as we approach the mountain ranges towards the coast. Still the mo- notonous shapes of the hills, the want of trees, and the miserable patches of tillage, which every where meet the eye, render this district, varied though it is in sur- face, uninteresting. Three miles from Dromod, are the hamlet and post- ing establishment of Aghamore; at four miles the prettily situated church of Annaduff, to the left of which, but on the opposite banks of the Shannon, is Clonteem Lodge, the occasional residence of the Mar- quess of Westmeath. Here the country assumes a more pleasing and rich appearance; the scattered plantations and fine old hedge-row trees, will interest the traveller, till he reaches the village of DRUMSNA, ‘ the natural beauties of which seem to be appreciated from the neat and comfortable houses it contains. The village is watered by the Shannon, and surrounded by the plantations of Mount Campbell, the seat ot 322 NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. from Carrick-on-Shannon, on the road leading thence to Manor Hamilton, is the hamlet of Drumkeerin, and near it Grouse Lodge—Robert Johnston, Esq. Near the latter, but close on the shores of the lake, is Corry Lodge, the residence of F. N. Cullen, Esq. and ad- joining is the Glebe of Innismagrath. The small demesne of Mount Allen is near the lower end of the lake, close on its south-west shores. The small village of Drumshambo is also at the lower end of the lake; two miles west of it, on the road leading from Carrick to Ballyfarnon, and about seven miles from the former town is the poor village of Keadue ; about two miles farther, Castle Tenison, the beautiful seat of Tenison, Esq. This demesne is romantically situated on the banks of the small Lough Meelagh, near to Lough Skeen, and enjoys an ex- tent of fine mountain scenery. The churchyard of Kilronan, adjoining Castle Tenison, contains the remains of Carolan, the last of the Irish bards. Having thus briefly noticed the principal features in this wild, poorly cultivated, and bleak district, we re- turn to the Shannon, which, on issuing from Lough Allen, first assumes the river character, and is soon augmented by the Arigna, the first and not the least im- " portant of its tributaries, and a little after by the Fiorish stream. At the wretched village of Leitrim it receives another small stream ; and alittle aboveCarrick, the Boyle river contributes its ample moiety. Increased by the large volume of waters which the Boyle river brings down from the lakes of Gara, Key, and Oakport, the infant Shannon sweeps under the bridge of Carrick, and thence pursues its way through the centre of the island till it meets the tide wave of the Atlantic at Limerick. At Carrick-on-Shannon we resume our route to Sligo, and on crossing the Shannon enter the county of Roscommon, passing through a portion of the rich marshy grounds of this part of that county, which, after heavy rain, are flooded—whitened posts being erected to point out the roadway. We pass Hughes- town, Coote Molloy, Esq., about two miles to the north * - NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 321 level of the sea is one hundred and sixty feet. One of the principal supplies, commonly called the source of the Shannon, issues from a deep gulf near the base of Slieve Culkagh, in the county of Fermanagh, at a dis- tance of six miles from the head of the lake; and this stream, as it proceeds to Lough Allen, is joined by the rivulets Owenmore and Dowbally. In addition to these waters, the lough is also supplied by the numerous streamlets which pour down the mountain sides bound- ing its shores. ‘ With the exception of a small portion of the south-wes shore, which is in the county of Roscommon, Lough Allen and the surrounding country are in the county of Leitrim. Lough Allen is bounded on the east by the Slievenerrin and Dowbally mountains, whose summits . rise from 1,400 to 2,000 feet above the level of the sea; and on the west by the Brahlieve, Slieve Corkagh, and Munter Kenny mountains, being part of the chain running to Sligo Bay, and whose peaks, near the lake, attain an elevation of 1,400 feet. There are four small islets on the lake; but O’Reilly’s, near the lower end, is the only one worthy of notice.. The hills which rise from the shores are in many places steep, though not precipitous; and along the more fertile and gentle slopes, a wretched kind of cultivation has been con- siderably extended. The shores are in many places highly varied ; and altogether, the deep waters of the lake and mountains around, though inferior to many of the wild and picturesque scenes which our island pre- sents, are well worthy the attention of the traveller. In another point of view, this bleak, wild, and very poorly cultivated district, is interesting. The lough may be said to divide the Connaught coal district—that of Arigna lying to the west, and Drumshambo to the east. The Arigna division, so designated from the river which waters the valley, contains the Iron works, more celebrated, unfortunately, for the litigations and blunders connected with their management than from their public utility. The coal pits, however, on both sides of the lake, are still worked. Near the upper end of the lake, and fifteen miles as 4 324 NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. county of Roscommon, and carries on a considerable retail trade in the supply of necessaries for the surround- ing district, which is chiefly inhabited by a poor but numerous class of small farmers. Although the town is wholly the property of Lord Lorton, yet there are long leases of certain portions of it over which his lord- ship has no control This we notice to reconcile our general statement with the wretched aspect which these portions of the town present.—The large infantry bar- rack, formerly the residence of the noble family of King, the ancestors of Lord Lorton, is a striking fea- ture, and the remains of the abbey founded in 1148,. are beautiful. To the farmer, the rich lands in the southern vicinity of Boyle, will be attractive, nor is the surrounding district, though bleak and wretchedly tenanted, generally speaking, devoid of interest. F’ry- brook is in the immediate vicinity of the town; Lough Gara, with its beautiful varied shores, is only about four miles from it; Lough Key, with Rockingham, we have already noticed; Knockadoo, the residence of Owen Lloyd, Esq., is on the road leading to French Park ; and Croghan, Guy Lloyd, Esq., on that leading to Elphin ; and Battlefield, James Knott, Esq., on the hilly road leading to Ballymote. Leaving Boyle, the road ascends the Curlew hills, in the centre of which it enters the county of Sligo. In the ascent, a view is obtained of the rich and waving country around Boyle, of Rockingham demesne, in- cluding Lough Key studded with its wooded islets, and of the greater part of the higher ridges of the counties Roscommon and Leitrim. In descending on the oppo- site side of the Curlew hills, a good prospect is ob- tained of the Sligo and Leitrim mountains, and under- neath, Lough Arrow, with its beautiful islands full in view. About four miles from Boyle, at the base of the Curlew hills, is the hamlet of Ballinafad, adjoining which are the ruins of the small castle also bearing that name, built by the M‘Donoughs, once a powerful sept in this part of the country. A little beyond Ballinafad, on the banks of Lough Arrow, is Holly- brook, the delightfully situated seat of John Ffolliott, NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 323 of which is Cootehall, the estate of Hugh Barton, Esq. The old hall now exhibits an uninteresting ruin; and nearly in the same direction, but on the shores of Oak- port lough, one of the enlargements of the Boyle river, is Oakport House, William Molloy, Esq. We now traverse the northern portion of the rich pas- toral district of Roscommon so well known to graziers. This tract, which is equal to the richer parts of Meath, Limerick, and Tipperary, extends southward over a large part of the county of Roscommon, and includes in its outline the towns of Roscommon, Castlerea, Tulsk, Elphin, Frenchpark, and Strokestown. Five miles from Carrick we meet Rockingham, the fine seat of Viscount Lorton. This spacious, modern, Grecian mansion, rises proudly over the southern banks of Lough Key, com- manding a full view of that beautiful sheet of water, its numerous wooded Islands, and surrounding shores—the park stretches around, containing a great extent of finely varied fertile surface. As this princely residence is solely the creation of the present Lord Lorton, with the exception of the natural wood around Lough Key, and on its islands, there is little largetimber. When we add to Rockingham, Lough Key, three miles long by two broad, with its numerous wooded islets, of which Trinity Island contains some romantic ruins, and Castle Island M‘Dermot’s Castle re-edified and rendered habi- table as an appendage, we may fairly rank it among the finest residences in this empire. The improvements are not limited to the demesne, they extend to the town of BOYLE, where the sessions-house, schools, the houses and offices for the agents of the estate, the police barrack, church, dissenting chapel, public garden, the preservation of the fine ruins of the abbey, and old trees around the town, mark, in a high degree, the liberality and care of the noble proprietor. The town is pleasantly situated on the banks of the river which carries the surplus waters of Lough Gara to Lough Key, and at the base of the Curlew hills, which here bound the counties of Sligo and Roscommon. Boyle is one of the principal towns in the 326 NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. along the slopes and base of the rugged sand-stone hills which run westward to Ballina, and bound the immense plain lying along the southern shores of Sligo Bay. Two miles west of the demesne of Annaghmore is Temple- house, the beautiful seat of Alexander Perceval, Esq. M.P., so called from its having been a settlement of the Knights Templars; the extensive ruins of their residence still add to the interest of this place. In this delightful demesne is a large natural lake, the surplus waters of which form the principal supply of the Owen- beg river. As we advance towards Sligo, at one-and-half miles from Colooney, we reach the small town of Ballisodare, where we again cross the Owenbeg, now encreased by the river Arrow, and here their united waters, falling over a long series of shelving rocks of various heights into the Atlantic, form decidedly the finest rapid in the kingdom. Advantage has already been taken of the different levels formed by the rapids for the erection of several extensive corn mills and stores, and as there is safe anchorage, and the means of forming a port im- mediately under the lowest fall, Ballisodare, under the auspices of its munificent proprietor, E. J. Cooper, Esq. must soon become a place of importance. The ruins of the small abbey, founded by St. Fechin in the seventh century, rising over the rapid, add to the pic- turesque effect. Between Ballisodare and Colooney, the French who landed at Killala, in 1798, were unsuccess- fully attacked by the present Lord Gort, who commanded a small body of militia and yeomanry. About two miles from Ballisodare, on the road leading to Ballina, pleasantly situated on one of the inlets of Sligo Bay, is Tanragoe, the seat of Colonel Irwin. Leaving Ballisodare we obtain a view of its small bay, at the entrance of which, the singularly and beautifully formed solitary hill of Knocknara rises to a height of 1400 feet. This hill is a remarkable feature here, and along the whole line of coast. The road for the next three miles proceeds through a variety of marshy, rocky, and tillage grounds; and gaining a considerable height, discloses to view the bay and town of Sligo, together NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 325 Esq.; and on the opposite hilly shores of this beautiful sheet of water, are the ruins of Ballindown abbey, founded by’ the M‘Donoughs in 1427 for Dominican Nuns. As we proceed through this considerably varied, poorly cultivated country, we pass on the right Lake- view, William Weir, Esq., at ten miles from Boyle, on the left, Newpark, the residence of Jemmett Duke, Esq., two miles beyond which, and four from the road, is the small town of Ballymote.—This town is encircled by a considerable extent of beautiful fertile hills, among which Kish Coran rises pre-eminent ; close to the town are the ruins of a small abbey, and also of the large castle of Ballymote, built by Richard De Burgh, the second earl of Ulster, in 1300. arlsfield, the lodge of Sir Robert Gore Booth, Bart., the proprietor of Ballymote, also adjoins the town; and Ballinglough, the residence of J. West, Esq., is within a few miles of it. A little to the right of the half-way-house, between Boyle and Sligo, is Cooper’s-hill, the seat of A. B. Cooper, Esq., close, to which is the village of Riverstown. Twelve miles from Boyle, on the left, is Clonymahon, Meredyth, Esq., at thirteen, close to the village of Tubberscanavan, the spacious castellated gateway points out Markree, the fine seat of E. J. Cooper, Esq., M.P. This demesne is one of the most extensive in this part of the country; the large castellated mansion, the extensive offices, gardens, drives, picturesque lodges, together with the various bridges thrown across the river Arrow, winding through the demesne, in its progress to the sea, are all in keeping. Attached to the castle of Markree is an observatory, containing one of the largest achromatic telescopes in Europe. To the right of Markree is Castle- Dargan, John Ormsby, Esq-, and Castle-Neynoe, Edward Loftus Neynoe, Esq. A mile from Tubberscanavan, we reach the vil- lage of Colooney, and cross the Owenbeg river. Two miles west of this village is Annaghmore, the highly improved seat of Charles King O’Hara, Esq. The extensive improvements connected with this fine estate, reach far beyond the limits of the demesne; they surround the small and remote town of Coolany, which is five miles from Colooney, stretching several miles 328 NO. LXXXIV.— DUBLIN TO SLIGO. even in summer, of a deep, broad river: The town is rather romantically situated ; and from the hill, a little above the new church, on which the remnants of an old fortification can still be traced, the traveller can, at a glance, command the general outline of the town, its public buildings, suburbs, and highly interesting envi- rons. Perhaps no town in the kingdom enjoys a more varied or more picturesque vicinage than that which surrounds Sligo. Two miles above the town, on the road leading thence to Manorhamilton, is Hazlewood, the seat of Owen Wynne, Esq., the most delightful of all our country residences, which nearly embraces the entire of Lough Gill, one of the most lovely of our lakes, and of which the annexed view will give some idea. This demesne enjoys more of the useful and beautiful combinations of natural scenery than any other we are acquainted with ; situated within two miles of the bay of Sligo, and at the same time secure from the injurious effects of the At- lantic sea; encircling the largest and finest portion of Lough Gill, which in point of scenery is inferior only to the lakes of Killarney, and every where surrounded by bold and singularly varied mountain ranges. ) Lough Gill is about five miles long by two broad, and contains two large islands—the church island, 25 acres in area, the cottage island, eight acres, and eighteen smaller ones—many of them mere rocky islets, but all covered with wood, and sufficiently large to break and diversify the surface of the water. The larger islands, church and cottage, are well wooded, and otherwise characteristically improved—the former contains some interesting church ruins. Along the southern shores, the finely wooded hills rise abruptly from the water’s edge to an elevation of about 800 feet; on the northern and western sides the boundaries are less elevated; but they are every where romantic, agreeable, and in many places highly adorned. Though inferior in extent, and variety, and wanting that magnificence of scenery which characterises Killarney, Lough Gill possesses a very high degree of beauty, and, what is of some importance to the traveller, is every where accessible from the excellent walks and NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. | 327 with the rich and highly varied surrounding country, bounded by lofty and picturesque mountain ranges. as a commercial town, is the most important in Connaught. It has carried on, for several years, the largest trade, both export and import, and is still en- creasing notwithstanding the bad state of the harbour, and the obstacles presented by the bar. The ex- ports are wholly limited to agricultural produce. The retail trade is extensive, articles of every description in demand, being supplied to a large and populous district. A good deal of business is done in the town, and, in connexion with the mills of Ballisodare, in the manufacture of flour and oatmeal. There are also several small breweries and a large distillery—a little is also done in the linen trade. The streets in the older parts of the town are narrow, }_»),../ 5 dirty, ill paved, and badly suited to the bustle of an (,, ; / export trade. However, convenient markets and large /*. 2<* stores have been erected, and the extension of the town by regularly built wide streets, will shortly make amends for the inconvenience and irregularity of the older parts. It has, nevertheless, much more the appearance of busi- ness than any other town in Connaught, a circumstance wholly owing to the spirit and enterprise of its traders. The public buildings are a county court-house, a spa- cious and well-arranged county jail; two handsome and commodious churches, a Jarge Roman Catholic cha- pel, and small Presbyterian, Independent, and Metho- dist meeting-houses; county infirmary, fever hospital, and infantry barracks. All these buildings standing considerably apart; and occupying prominent situa- tions in and around the town, contribute much to its general appearance. The fine ruins of the monastery, founded in 1322, by Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Justice of Ireland, stand in that portion of the town belonging to Viscount Palmerston, are carefully preserved. The river Garwogue, which bears the surplus waters of Lough Gill to the bay, runs through the town ; and from the dam thrown across near the outlet of the river, for the use of the large flour mills, it has all the character, f $0 % gang Aang weap, 49, porettang “OOITIS *TITID HXNOT 3A Ng TOTO nT TEM. 330 ‘ NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. the western and beautiful base of the hill of Knocknara, Seaview, Wm. Phibbs, Esq. Three and a half miles from Sligo, on the road leading thence to Ballyshannon, are the church and wretched hamlet of Drumcliff, adjoining which are two ancient crosses, and the dilapidated stump of a round tower. This road runs for five miles round the base of Ben- bulben, and exhibits this—the most singularly formed, and perhaps, the most beautiful of all our detached mountains, in some of its finest points. In a geolo- gical point of view, Benbulben is also highly attrac- tive ; in a botanical it produces many of the rarest and most interesting of our flora. It rises about 1800 feet above the sea, is easy of ascent, and commands from its bold cliffs, views of the whole line of coast and sur- rounding country. Lissadill, the fine modern seat of Sir Robert Gore Booth, Bart., lies a little to the left of the road, a mile from the hamlet of Carney, and seven from Sligo. The spacious modern mansion, (the only country resi- dence in Ireland lighted with gas locally prepared,) and the arrangements of the grounds which constitute the extensive demesne, will not only interest those fond of rural improvement, but at the same time, show how much may be accomplished by industry and perseve- rance, even in places such as Lissadill, which are greatly exposed to the fury of the Atlantic. The strip of country west from Lissadill is very interesting, though not in a bold or picturesque point of view, but as exhibiting the inroads and devastating effects of the western ocean ona permeable and com- paratively flat shore. Near the small fishing village and harbour of Raughly, and on the western side of the small peninsula which also bears that name, the natu- rally caverned limestone rock has aided in the formation of that remarkable feature, called here the Pigeon holes. At high incoming tides, particularly when im- pelled by the westerly winds, the sea rushes by various narrow subterranean channels into a large, deep, open basin, at a considerable distance from the shore, where - the agitated waters roar, boil, and foam to an extent which is often terrific; at all times, the hoarse mur- OO oa eS ae a ee NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 329 drives along its deeply indented shores. The lake is principally supplied by the Bonnett river which runs through the small towns of Manorhamilton, Lurganboy, and Dromahair, and bears along the waters of this part of the county of Leitrim to the western ocean. To every admirer of natural scenery, judiciously assisted by the hand of art, the demesne of Hazlewood, now including Hodlywell, will be interesting. Nor can we help observing, interested as we are in every thing tending to improve or adorn the country, that all the sylvan honors which grace the scene from the town of Sligo to the upper end of the lake, including the yew and arbutus, which Mr. Inglis and others mistook as the indigenous shrubs of the place, are the result of the labours of Mr. Wynne, the present venerable possessor, who has devoted a considerable portion of his long and honored life to this his favorite employment. Cleveragh, the beautiful demesne of Abraham Martin, Esq., adjoining Sligo, contributes much to the scenery of the river banks and lower end of the lake. From the Cairns hill, which rises to a considerable elevation over Cleveragh, a comprehensive view is obtained of Lough Gill, Hazlewood, and the romantic hills stretching far eastward, and on the west, Sligo, with its magnificent environs, bounded by the Cope mountain, Benbulben, and Knocknara, together with the bay, its various rami- fications, and the distant Atlantic, are distinctly seen. Percymount, the residence of Sir Richard Gethin, Bart. lies between Hazlewood and Hollywell; beyond the latter, on the old road, leading to Dromahair, and on the shores of Lough Gill, surrounded by the most beauti- fully romantic hills, are the interesting ruins of Newtown Gore, once the residence of the ancestors of the present Sir Robert Gore Booth, Bart. Among the numerous villas which lie to the north of the town, we may enume- rate Dunally, the residence of Sir William Parke, Knt., and Willow Brooke, the old seat of W. Ormsby Gere, Esq., M.P. for Shropshire, now occupied by his agent. West of the town is Kevin’s Fort, the villaof George Dod- well, Esq. ; Cuming, the seat of Thomas Ormsby, Esq.; Woodville, the residence of James Wood, Esq. ; and on 332 NO. LXXXV.—DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON. Lordship has been engaged for several years past in improving this bleak, wretched tract of country. Among his works we may notice—staying the progress of the drifting sand, by planting sea-bent—the recla- mation of a considerable tract of peat, by draining and top-dressings on the Chat-moss system, and the building of the village and harbour of Mullachmore. Along this part of the road the poverty and bleakness of the country is greatly relieved by the Bay of Done- gal, bounded by Telinhead on the one hand, on the other by the bold and similarly formed cliffs of Ben- bulben, Benduff, and Benwisken, the three sisters, as they have been aptly termed. They produce a very striking effect from the singularity of their shape, and the deep intervening glens. The small island of Innis- murray, where for many years illicit distillation has been carried on, is a few miles off the shore. In concluding our brief notice of Sligo and its en- virons, we would farther direct the traveller’s attention to the singularly shaped hills and beautiful romantic country between Sligo and Manor Hamilton, also to the sequestered Glen-Car, with itspretty lake, lying between Benbulben and Cope mountain. No. LXXXV.—-DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON AND CASTLEREA. FIRST ROAD BY ATHLONE. Miles. Athlone, asin No. LXVIII. } 60 Roscommon ° ) ASI | Castlerea . - 133] 883 Tue only public conveyance from Athlone is a mail car to Roscommon; but this leaves Athlone at so early an hour that few avail themselves of it. Post horses can be obtained at the different stages above enume- rated. Although this road skirts the western shores of Lough Ree for six miles, it does not afford a good glimpse of it; and, as there are no roads to the lough, we would advise those anxious to see its shores and islands, to proceed by water from Athlone to Lanesborough. Boats NO. LXXXIV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. Sor murings of the retiring waves through the low vaulted caverns, is sublime. Adjoining the island of Raughly, as it is here called, the devastating effects of the drifting sea sand along the flat shore, is seen to a fearful extent. The process has long been going on, but within the last twenty years it has greatly increased, and during that period, hundreds of fertile acres have been ruined. Instead of endea- vouring to check the progress of the sand, as has been successfully done in many parts of the British coast, and, in this very neighbourhood, by Lord Palmerston, both landlord and tenant here retreat as it advances— the latter, however, clinging to their wretched hovels so long as the roofs sustain the superincumbent mass in which they are imbedded. There are few more deso- late scenes in our island than that which the once fertile plains of Raughly now present. It requires no stretch of the imagination, as at Bannow, to describe what may have been the appearances of this place; the remains of many houses can still be traced, and at least a hun- dred, yet inhabited huts, nearly overwhelmed, pre- senting more the appearance of the dens of wild animals than the habitations of human beings. The fragments of the ancient church, with the taller of the rude tombs, are still seen peeping over the accumulating sand; and the ruins of Artarmon Castle, the former seat of the ancestors of Sir Robert Gore Booth, Bart. the present possessor, still preside over the desolate scene. At the western point of this district, the small but beautifully verdant Knock Lane rises to a height of several hundred feet from the water’s edge; from it the whole of the adjoining tract we have hurriedly sketched, can be distinctly traced, as also the mouth of Sligo-bay and the subjacent coast. Along the latter, from the numerous scattered rocks, the broken waves dash and foam with inconceivable fury against the low beetling headlands. Resuming the road from Sligo to Ballyshannon, at seven miles, is the small village of Grange; at ten, the hamlet of Cliffoney, containing a good inn, large chapel, and school-house, together with several good dwelling houses, all erected by Lord Palmerston. His 334 NO. LXXXV.—DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON. three miles of Roscommon is Moate-Park, the seat of Lord Crofton. This demesne, from its extent, elevated position, and broad expanse of wood-land, forms a re- markable object in this bleak country; the hedge- rows and cottages along the road, command notice, as compared with the miserable huts we have passed. The mansion of Moate-Park is a plain, substantial structure. Proceeding, we cross the small river Hine which waters the demesne; passing Carraroe, the seat of Robert Goff, Esq., whose plantations joining those of Lord Crofton’s, add much to the appearance of this bleak, though fertile, and naturally beautiful country. ROSCOMMON, the capital of the county whose name it bears, is situated nearly in the centre of the shire. It is a straggling, ill-built, and ill-arranged town, occupying principally, the southern slope of a gently rising hill, with its miserable, filthy outlets stretching along the different lines of road by which it is approached. Its principal public buildings are a large, modern court- house and jail; an infirmary, and fever-hospital ; a small military barrack; and the other buildings and offices common to a county town. The chief antiquities are the ruins of an abbey founded in 1257, by O’Connor, King of Connaught, in which, as a tomb indicates, he was buried ; also the remains of a large and beautiful castle, said to have been built a few years afterwards, by the English, under Sir Robert De Ufford. It stands at the northern end of the town, quite detached; and in its architecture far superior to the generality of our. castellated structures. Though occupying relatively a low position, greatly dilapidated, and unrelieved by either hill, tree, or water, it is still one of the most interesting of our ancient buildings, and its occupancy was doubtless the cause of many a hard-fought contest. In summer the town is badly off for water, yet, not- withstanding that, and many other disadvantages, Ros- common has, of late years, improved in its houses, sales of corn, and other country produce, as well as in the general retail trade. The town is part of the large estate of the Earl of Essex; and we sincerely hope that his NO. LXXXV.—DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON. 333 for this purpose can easily be obtained at the former place. We promise the traveller that, though no mountains rise from the shores of the lough to give grandeur and sublimity to the scene—no trees to clothe the naked promontories or break the acclivities—no advantage taken by the proprietors of the soil of the numerous sites for building, which are presented in sequestered dell, sloping lawn, or terraced knoll—not even a village along the shores, a quay for a boat of burthen, or a trading barge to be seen on the melancholy waste of waters, yet he will find in the numerous islets which diversify the sur- face of the lough; in the endless creeks and bays which give so much intricacy to its shores—in the rocky headlands, and swelling hills in many places springing from the water’s edge, what will repay him, if alive to nature’s softer and humbler beauties. On the promontory of St. John’s, which is seven miles from Athlone, and which can be more readily ap- proached from the road than by water, are the extensive and very picturesque ruins of a castle, with its out- works, the origin and history of which appear to be involved in impenetrable obscurity. There are also the remains of a church, built in the thirteenth century ; and a considerable extent of the embattled walls which protected this once important but still highly interesting promontory. At Kilmore bay, which is a mile nearer Athlone, there are also the ruins of Kilmore house. The country between Athlone and Roscommon is diversified by low lime-stone gravel hills, which are irre- gularly dispersed over it, and separated generally by bog or alluvial bottoms. In this respect it is similar to the district which stretches several miles westward, and noticed in No. LXXV. Five miles from Athlone, on the right, near the bay of Kilmore, is New Park Lyster Esq.; at three miles to the left, near to Lough Funcheon, is Lysterfield, James Lyster, Esq.; at nine miles, Churchboro’, Kellybrook, and Scregg ; and at ten, the village of Knockcroghery, where an extensive sheep fair yearly is held, also a small manufactory of common tobacco-pipes. Within 336 NO. LXXXV.—DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON. On leaving Roscommon on our road to Castlerea, at three miles we pass, at some distance to the left, on the banks of the Suck, Dunamon Castle, the seat of St. George Caulfield, Esq.; and at five miles on the right Runamede, the residence of James Balfe, Esq. linsk, the old family residence of Sir John J. Burke, Bart. lies to the left, beyond the Suck, and in the County of Galway; and at nine miles from Roscom- mon we reach the village and ruins of Ballintobber Castle, the origin and date of the latter appears to be involved in obscurity. It is supposed to have been erected in the thirteenth century by some of the descendants of Roderick O’Connor, the last of the kings of the Irish race. In the course of the desolat- ing feudal wars which followed that period, the posses- sion of the castle and its territories was the cause of many a fierce contention. It subsequently passed inta the hands of the Burkes of Ballydugan, and so late as 1784, the ancestor of the present O’Conor Don col- lected a mob of his retainers, and seized upon the cas- tle and lands by open violence. They were dislodged by a party of military from Athlone ; the Burkes after- wards sold the estate to the first Lord Hartland; and it is now in the possession of his son. The dilapidated ruins of the castle are situated on the road side; the surface of the country around, in common with many parts of this district, is considera- bly varied by ridges of limestone and limestone gravel, with deep intervening hollows, and the large quadran- dular building, with the towers of defence at each angle, is among the most imposing remnants of our feudal architecture. To the right of Ballintobber is Milltown, the seat of Roderick O’Connor, Esq.; and near it the village of Castle Plunket; and Heathfield, the residence of Nicho- las Balfe, Esq. We also pass on the right Willsgove, the seat of W. R. Wills, Esq.; Southpark, the beauti- fully situated demesne of Michael Balte, Esq.; and the park of Lord Mountsandford, encircling the small town of NO. LXXXV.—DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON, 335 lordship will not only assist in its further improvement but direct that such may be effected on liberal and rational principles. The town of Roscommon stands near the southern bounds of that rich grazing limestone tract, which runs northward to the plains of Boyle, a distance of 24 miles, and which we have also noticed in No. 84. It contains the most fertile lands in Connaught. The richer parts are principally held by the smaller pro- prietors and extensive grazing farmers—the inferior lands are occupied by a miserably poor tenantry. The surface is in many places agreeably varied by long and softly swelling hills, seldom high, precipitous, or pictu- - resque; the intervening low lands are morass, bog, and deep meadow land, nearly all injured by the sluggish streams which are allowed to meander unrestrained, to overflow their banks, and saturate the soil. Except around the gentlemen’s seats, which are but thinly scattered, there are no plantations, nor even hedges, and the country is devoid of natural wood. . Every one conversant in rural affairs must regret to see so much of this fertile portion of the island in a state of neglect. Such, in common with the district above referred to, is the state of the country immediately around the town of Roscommon. Seven miles north from the town, is - the fertile hill of Fairymount, still adorned with some of the remaining trees which formed the demesne of the Mills’ family. The hill is a striking feature, and it connects with the higher and more important sand- stone range of Slievebawn, which is a very remarkable object for many miles around. About four miles from the town, contiguous to the road leading to Lanes- borough, are Beechwood, the residence of D. H. Farrell, Esq.; Kiltevin, Maypother, Esq.; and Drumduff; George Digby, Esq. A short distance from the town, on the road leading to Elphin is Durham, Edward Corr, Esq- Four miles on the Mount Talbot road, close to the river Suck, is the village of Athleague, near which is Fortwilliam, the residence of N. J. French, Esq. and a little farther up the river Castlestrange, the seat of Mitchell, esq. 338 NO. LXXXVI.—DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON, ETC. No. LXXXVIL—DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON AND CASTLEREA. SECOND ROAD, BY MULLINGAR, BALLYMAHON, AND LANESBOROUGH. Miles. Mullingar, asin No. LXXXIV. , 39 Ballymahon . . : « 142) 534 Lanesborough . re i . 93} 633 Roscommon . . . 3s 2} 103 Castlerea 5 3 - - 1331 833 Movu.inGAr is reached by the Royal Canal and various public coaches; but from thence to Roscommon there are no public conveyances. Post horses and chaises, how- ever, can be obtained at Mullingar, Ballymahon, and Ros- common. Passage boats ply daily along the Royal Canal from Dublin to Ballymahon, and in connection with them, one of Bianconi’s well-appointed two-horse cars runs daily from Ballymahon to Roscommon. Though five miles shorter than the preceding line, it is but little travelled. The road is in some places very hilly and narrow; and the country, which is diversified by extensive flat bogs, presents but few objects of interest to the traveller. Many proceed from Dublin to Ballymahon by the Canal, and thence by the stage car to Roscommon. The environs of Mullingar we have generally noticed in our brief description of that town, under No. 84. At six miles from Mullingar we reach the small village of Rathcondra, where the cross road from Mullingar to Athlone branches to the left. Near to Rathcondra is Mount-Dalton, and at six miles, on the above cross road, is the poor straggling town of Ballymore. Along that line the country is more pleasing, better culti- vated, and tenanted. From the high grounds around Rathcondra extensive views are obtained of the greater parts of the counties of Westmeath and Longford. At eight miles from Mullingar we pass on the right Meares-court, Meares, Esq.; at nine, Ballincurra, the residence of Benjamin Digby, Esq.; at ten, the wretched village of Moyvore; and at eleven the road enters the county of Longford. Around this the coun- NO. LXXXV.—DUBLIN TO SLIGO. 337 CASTLEREA, which principally consists of one long straggling street, is watered by different branches of the Suck, again unit- ing a little below the town. Little business of any kind is done, although there are no towns of any note nearer to it than Boyle, Roscommon, Tuam, and Castlebar.— There is, however, a small distillery, brewery, and tanyard, also an inn and _ posting-house.—The de- mesne of Castlerea, the fine seat of Lord Mountsand- ford, adjoins the town, and adds much to its appear- ance, as well as to that of the surrounding flat and dreary country. The entrance to this demesne is in the town; it is also watered by a branch of the Suck, extensively planted, well laid out, kept in high order, and open to strangers as well as the inhabitants. A mile from the town, on the Castlebar road _ is Cloonallis, the residence of The O’Conor Don, M. P.; five miles the village of Ballinlough; at nine the poor small town of Ballyhaunis; two miles from which is Logboy, the residence of Edward Nolan, Esq. At five miles, on the cross road leading to Foxford, is Lough Glyn, the seat of Viscount Dillon. The large mansion stands on the banks of the small lough which gives name to the demesne; and the exten- sive plantations around render this place very con- spicuous. It may be compared to an oasis in the desert, as the country around, as far as the eye can reach, though somewhat relieved on the south by the hilly ridge of Slievealuyn, is naked and boggy. The remains of the old castle of Lough Glyn are in the demesne; and near the deer park is a singularly formed massive circular fort. The small village of Lough Glyn also adjoins the demesne. A little to the south of Castlerea is Harristown, the residence of Owen Young, Esq. ; and at four miles, also on the south, on the road leading to Tuam, is the village of Ballymoe, near which is Turla, the residence of John Cheevers, Esq. 340 NO. LXXXVII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. however, a considerable corn market at Lanesborough, and some traffic in eggs. Both are forwarded to Kil- lashee, which is about four miles distant, and thence by the Royal Canal to Dublin. Rathcline, the seat of Luke White, Esq., M. P., is near the town, on the banks of Lough Ree; and from the high grounds near the house, a good view is obtained of the lake and the naked boggy shores on the Ros- common or opposite side. On crossing the Shannon we enter the county of Roscommon; and pursuing our way through that portion ef the boggy tract, which we have already stated, runs west to the base of Slievebawn, we pass, about three miles from Lanesborough, on the left, Mount Dillon, the residence of T, A. Dillon, Esq., and soon reach Beech- wood, D. Farrell, Esq., also that part of the neighbour- hood of Roscommon which we have noticed in the pre- ceding road. No. LXXXVII—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. FIRST ROAD BY BOYLE, BALLISADARE, AND DROMORE WEST. Miles. Ballisadare, as in No, LX XXIV. | 1002 = _Dromore West. .j-,/.'- _., 14s} 1143 Soe SY, 12 | 198 Tuts is the longest road to Ballina—It is, however, the best, and at present the only one on which the public coaches travel. The Dublin and Sligo mail is met at. Ballisadare by a cross mail which carries the passengers to Bal- lina. The road lies generally along the coast, that is, in no place is it more than three miles from the sea. The old road, running nearer the shore, is still kept in repair; but, it is in many places very hilly, and seldom travelled, except by those who have business in that direction. The district through which we travel from Ballisadare to Ballina, is bounded on the south by the Ox and Lurgan hills, which stretch westward from NO. LXXXVI.—DUBLIN TO ROSCOMMON, ETC. 339 try is very flat and boggy: but improves in appear- ance as we approach the small town of BALLYMAHON, which is watered by the Inny, and surrounded by amuch better looking and more improved country than we have just travelled through. The town, which principally consists of one very wide street, stretches along the side of a gently sloping hill, and, except the weekly corn-market, carries on little business. About three miles below the town the river falls into Lough Ree, forming a considerable estuary, called the Mouth of the Inny; where, from the adjacent heights, Lough Ree is seen in its greatest breadth, being five miles across. This part of the shores of Lough Ree possesses considerable attraction, in some places much beauty. Along the shores, between the mouth of the Inny and Lanesborough, the wood of Kilnagore, the shores of Cashel, the ruins of Elfeed, also the Quaker’s island or Inchclorin with its ecclesias- tical ruins, Inchcloyne, Inchenagh, Inchgarra, and nu- merous other islets, bold headlands, and sinuous bays, are very interesting. A little above Ballymahon, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Inny, is Newcastle, the fine seat of the Hon. H. King, and near it Creavagh, Sandys, Esq. Below the town, also on the banks of the Inny, is Castle Core, Captain Hussey. As we proceed we pass Jir- ficken on the right, and Ledwithstown on the left, and soon reach the dreary, extensive bog lying between Ballymahon and Lanesborough. This great tract of deep peat moss runs beyond the Shannon to the base of Slievebawn, and for several miles up the river. About three miles from Lanesborough, on the left of the road is New Park, Davis, Esq. The poor straggling town of Lanesborough is on the banks of the Shannon, just where it leaves the river form and emerges into Lough Ree. The best part of the town, or Lanesborough proper, is on the left bank, or Leinster side of the river; that part on the western or Connaught side, principally composed of a wretched assemblage of huts, is called Ballyleague. There is. 342 NO. LXXXVII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. and Donegal; but beyond Dromore a vast extent of dreary bog opens to view. This dark heathy plain follows the Lurgan hills on the left, which trend away far to the south. On the right it is less exten- sive, blending at no great distance from the road with the flat and mixed marsh, pasture, and arable lands which stretch along the coast from Esky to Ballina. This waste, which, under proper management, is susceptible of the greatest improvement, is again succeeded by a more fertile soil, which, under various modifications of hill and dale, extends several miles westward. Within five miles of Ballina, we pass at about a mile from the road Cottlestown, the old seat of Colo- nel Kirkwood; and at two miles, close on the shore, and near the singularly formed and extensive ranges of sand hills, which are clustered about the mouth of the Moy, are Scurmore, and Moyview Cottage, the latter the occasional residence of the Hon. Colonel Wingfield. The arid sand hills, partially covered with sea bent, and tenanted only by rabbits and sea birds, while they are highly injurious to the navigation of the Moy, break and diversify its lucid waters; and, from their pictu- resque outlines add much to the beauty of Moyview and Scurmore, and several other villas along this part of the coast. The shore is better seen from the old hilly, but thickly inhabited line of road leading from Bal- lina to Esky. As we approach Ballina, the aspect of the country improves, the extensive plantations of Belleek Manor, the seat of Colonel Knox Gore, crowning the left banks of the Moy, and embosoming his modern beautiful Elizabethan mansion; Belleek Castle, the residence of Edward Howley, Esq., which tops the knoll over- hanging the river; the Moy, one of the finest of our rivers, with its ample and picturesque tributary, the Bunree, rushing over its rocky bed;—the spacious bridges with their broad avenues ;—the town rising on the opposite banks of the river, with Nephin, the most gigantic of our mountains, are all seen in succession, and fully recompense us for the bleak unwooded scene we have just traversed. NO. LXXXVII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. 341 Lough Gill to Lough Conn, and, on the north by that part of the coast reaching from the bay of Sligo to the bay of Killala. The country is very bleak, almost wholly destitute of timber, and principally occupied by poor small farmers. . The soil is very variable, consisting of a variety of rocky land, arable, pastoral, moorland, and deep bog. On leaving Ballisadare, we skirt for several miles on our left, what is here termed the Ox mountains, a range of rugged hills, whose broken slopes and ine- qualities are greatly diversified by numerous patches of tillage; and on our right the solitary hill of Knock- nara, with its fertile sides rising in softly flowing lines from the lovely bay, and capped with a uniform depth of vertical cliff. At four miles from Ballisadare we pass the church and glebe-house of Beltra on our left ; and on the right Tanragoe, the handsome marine seat of Colonel Irwin. At six miles, near the base of the Ox mountains, is Longford, the residence of Sir James Crofton, Bart.; at eight, also on the left, and sur- rounded by a fine pastoral district, is Leekfield, D. W. Weber, Esq. ; and near it the glebe-house and church of Screen. We soon pass Seaview-house, Hillis, Esq. on our right; also the church and glebe-house of Dromore; and at fourteen miles from Ballisadare, reach the small poor village of Dromore West, situ- ated close to the Esky, a brawling mountain rivulet, which bears away the waters of the small Lough Esky, and of the adjacent high country over a rocky bed and through very picturesque banks. Adjoining the vil- lage is Dromore-house, the residence of Fenton, Esq. ; at four miles to the right, on the old road lead- ing from Sligo to Ballina, close on the shore, near the straggling village of Esky, is Fortland, the seat of Robert Jones, Esq. Not far from this is Castletown, the residence of Mr. Fenton, and Tubberpatrick, Mr. Jones. For the last ten miles we passed through a fertile and comparatively well-cultivated country, enjoying good views of the coast, including Achris head, against which the waves beat with great force, and of several of the higher mountain ranges in the counties of Sligo 344 NO. LXXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. prehending a great part of Lough Conn, its bold shores and islands, is uncommonly fine. Three miles below Ballina, on the right banks of the river, are the ruins of Connor Castle; on the opposite banks, romantically situated, in a sequestered pastoral dell, among the waving grounds which stretch for several miles along this side of the Moy, stand the extensive ruins of the once celebrated Abbey of Roserk. ehins, the residence of W. Atkinson, Esq., lies a little to the west of the town, on the Castlebar road ; and Carromore, Jackson, Esq., towards the northern shores of Lough Conn. No. LXXXVIIL—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. SECOND ROAD, BY LONGFORD, STROKESTOWN, FRENCH PARK, AND FOXFORD. Miles. Miles. ‘Longford, as in No. LXXXIV.} 593|| Ballaghy Sah - 9 | 973 Strokestown . . 10 {| 693/| Swineford, . . + ~ 5 |1093 Tulsk : . 5 - 52] 749) Foxford . 5 A « 9j1LlE French Park . > « 8 | 823) Ballina . . . 11s Ballaghadirreen air: ree a 933! Tunis road, branching off at Longford, is eight miles shorter than the preceding, but so soon as that part of the road which runs through the county of Roscommon is in proper repair, the mail coach will proceed by it, instead of going round by Sligo. ‘ Between Longford and Ballina, Strokestown is the only town of any note, even that hardly rises above the character of a village. The country, generally speaking, is wild, bleak, and desolate ; presenting fewer objects of attraction than any other district of the same extent in the kingdom. As may be supposed, it is seldom traversed by the tourist, and only by the tra- veller on business. At present there are no _ post horses to be had, nor any house worthy of the name of an inn beyond Strokestown till we reach Ballina. The opening of the new road and the establishment of a well appointed mail coach, will, however, present many facili- ties in crossing this dreary and hitherto remote country ; NO. LX XXVII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. 343 The town of Ballina is pleasantly situated on the Moy, a little above the estuary. The river runs through the town, and here separates the counties of Sligo and Mayo. The part of the town on the Sligo or right bank of the river is called Ardnaree; but gene- rally speaking is included under Ballina. In point of trade, extent, population, and improvement, it is the third town in the large county of Mayo; and, but for the impediments which the sand banks present to the navigation of the estuary, would rank much higher than it does as an export town. Its trade, how- ever, has increased much, and a little is still done in coarse linens. The streets are also greatly im- proved; there is a very spacious Roman Catholic Chapel, a venerable Church, and good Inns. The salmon fishery of the Moy ranks next to the Bann in extent. From the excellent fishing the Moy affords—the liberality of the proprietors of the fishery—and its proximity to Lough Conn, Ballina is the resort of many anglers during the summer season. It is also the principal road to the wild district of Erris, and a considerable thoroughfare—the cross mail coaches to Sligo and Castlebar, the mail cars to Foxford, Cross- molina, and Killala, starting from it. Lough Conn lies about four miles west of Ballina. It is about ten miles long by two broad—bounded on the west by the high lands which connect with Nephin, the loftiest of the Mayo mountains, and the other shores are considerably, though not very agree- ably varied, by rough rocky headlands and deep bog. At the Pontoon, which is six miles from Ballina, on the mail-coach road leading thence to Castlebar, the Earl of Lucan, one of the principal proprietors of this district, has erected a small comfortable Inn for the accommo- dation of strangers visiting this wild romantic region; and perhaps there are few more romantic spots than the neck of land which separates Loughs Conn and Cullen, (the latter being the name of the upper division of the Lough,) on which this house stands. The view from the wild rocky hill over the Pontoon bridge, com- 346 NO. LXXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. of the higher ridge of Slieve-bawn, from the crest of which all can be distinctly seen. Strokestown lies near the base of the western slopes of Slieve-bawn, at the commencement in this direc- tion, of that rich part of the county of Roscommon, which we have noticed in Nos. 84 and 85. It appears to have been originally laid out as an appendage to the surrounding demesne of the noble proprietor, Lord Hartland ; the main street, which is 150 feet wide, ter- minating at the lower end by the spacious entrance to the park, and at the upper end by the church, has ra- ther an airy imposing effect. The other streets have been laid out with some attention to allinement, su- perior in this respect to the generality of the small towns in this district. It has, however, in common with them, its due share of poverty and miserable dwel- lings, which the unrestrained extension of it as a town, has naturally increased. The weekly markets are ex- tensive, and the quantity of corn yearly sold is very considerable—of wheat alone 7000 barrels in the year. There is a good Inn, where post horses can be always obtained ; and, as we have before stated, the demesne of Lord Hartland adjoins the town. The mansion is large; and the extensive park contains many fine trees and some of the richest land in the neighbourhood. Leaving Strokestown, we pass Slievebawn, the great feature in the landscape on our left; and running through a low, rich tract, which is much broken by bog, marsh, and small lakes, we reach the old hamlet of Tulsk. A part of the ancient abbey still remains. The most fertile vein of land in this rich district is around Tulsk. The country is almost destitute of tim- ber, or even thorn hedges, and the few seats appear as specks in the immense space every where perceiv- able from the open nature of the country. The large grazing farms, stocked with the best descriptions of sheep and cattle, the long and gently swelling ridges into which the surface is thrown, with the intervening low flats of brown marsh, and dark bog, while they shew the NO. LXXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. 345 and at the same time serve to connect, by a much shorter road, its extreme points. _ Leaving Longford, we pursue our way through a flat and featureless country, at five miles reach Rich- mond Harbour, the terminus, in this point, of the Royal Canal, where, through the medium of the Camlin river, it joins the Shannon—thus connecting that river with the Liffey. Crossing Cloondragh Island, which is formed by the junction of the Keenagh and Camlin rivers with the Shannon, we cross the latter by two bridges connected by a causeway, and enter the county of Roscommon. A village lies on either side of the bridge—that in Longford is called Castletown, and the larger assemblage of huts and houses on the Ros- common side, Tarmonbarry. Brianstown, the residence of Thomas Achmuty, Esq., is not far from Richmond harbour. The Shannon, which passes under the bridge of Tar- monbarry with great rapidity, is capable of affording an immense water-power. Above the bridge, the ground bordering the river on the Longford side is extremely flat, beyond this the view is bounded by the woods of Castle Forbes, skirting the shores of Lough Forbes, one of the Shannon’s numerous enlargements. Below the bridge, the river steals its way along a bed of reeds and rushes through the centre of that dreary tract of bog and marsh stretching westward to the base of Slieve Bawn. Our road from Tarmonbarry to Strokestown lies through a portion of the above tract of mixed marsh and bog, which, with some intermission, extends, northward, along the Shannon’s banks to Ruskey. From a part of the Slieve-bawn ridge, which the old road crosses, within two milesof Strokestown, the traveller can readily command an extensive view of nearly the whole county of Longford, and the silvery course of the Shannon amid the dark browns, and purples of the bogs, is easily traced. A considerable portion of the county of Roscommon can also be seen; but to those anxi- ous to become acquainted with the topography of the surrounding district, we would recommend the ascent 348 NO. LXXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. relieved by the hill of Fairymount, lying between us and Lough Glyn. Lough Gara lies to the right of our road. It is about six miles long, and its breadth, which is very variable, is in some places nearly three. Its principal supplies are the Breeogue, which forces its reluctant way through the reedy swamps lying between Castlerea and Boyle, and the Lung, which discharges the waters from a con- siderable portion of the more easterly parts of the county of Mayo, as well as the waters of Lough Glyn and its adjoining Thurloughs. The eastern shores of Lough Gara are indented, by numerous deep and narrow bays, with gently elevated intervening promontories. On the northern or Sligo side, the Curlew hills rise to a con- siderable height, though at some distance from the shore, the southern side, along which our road lies, is flat and desolate. Though the shores, generally speaking, are tame, there are none of our lakes whose outlines are more beautifully varied than those of Lough Gara. Crossing the river Lung, at three miles from the town of French Park, we enter the county of Mayo, and soon reach the poor town of BALLAGHADIRREEN. Two miles to the eastward of which, on the road leading to Boyle, is Edmonstown, the demesne of Costello, Esq.; among the villas along the northern shores of Lough Gara, is Coolavin, the residence of M. M‘Dermott, Esq., who claims a lineal descent from the ancient chieftains of this district—the Princes of Coolavin. The picturesque ruins of Magara Castle are situated on the north-east extremity of the lake, within six miles of the town of Boyle. The surface of the country beyond Ballaghadirreen, though bleak, boggy, and desolate, is considerably re- lieved by the detached hills of Cappough, Killgarrow, and several others which are scattered around. Before we reach the miserable village of Ballaghy, we pass on the left Clonmore, the residence of Mr. Phillips. .To the right of Ballaghy is the village of Curry, and Doo Castle, the residence of Joseph M. M‘Donneil, Esq. NO. LXXXVIII.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. 347 sad apathy and carelessness of the farmers, serve to heighten the depth of the surrounding verdure. On the whole, the general aspect of this part of the country, forms a striking contrast with the small farms and wretched huts which prevail throughout the greater portion of the remainder of our journey. Close to Tulsk, on the left, is Cargins, the seat of D. Kelly, Esq.; at two miles, on the right, on the road leading to Elphin, is Cloniquin, the seat of Wm. French, Esq.; and at three, on the road from Elphin to French Park, is Mantua, O. J. D. Grace, Esq. Toomona, French, Esq.; and Rathmile, Irwin, Esq., lie to the left, on the road leading from Tulsk to Castlerea. The small village of Belenagare, through which we pass, is six miles from Tulsk, ad- joining it, on the right, is the demesne of Belenagare, the former residence of the ancestors of The O’Conor Don; on the left of the village is Mount-Druid, the re- sidence of Denis O’Connor, Esq. At two miles from Belenagare, we pass, on the right, Bella, French, Esq., also the ruins of the Abbey of Clonshanville; at three, reach the poor straggling village of French Park. The demesne of French Park, the seat of Arthur French, Esq., which adjoins the village, is one of the largest in this part of the country. It is flat, but the soil is rich, and the park, which is extensively planted, forms a remarkable feature in the wretched bleak and boggy country almost surrounding it. The mansion is a large square building, with the offices advancing in front on either side, connected with the main building by wing walls. A great extent of deep flat bog lies around French Park, diversified with gently elevated tracts of rich pasture lands; and scattered over the face of the dis- trict here, as in common with the whole bleak country from Longford to Ballina, may be seen those miserable pours of cabins, surrounded by the accompanying osier edge. Brendh Park is succeeded by a few good farm houses, before we emerge on the dreary bogs which surround Lough Gara; and the wild country on the right is a little 350 NO. LXXXIX.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. to Ballina. When finished, it will open up a great tract of highly improvable country, at present lying in a state of comparative waste; that portion of it from Banada to the vicinity of Ballina exhibits some pic- turesque scenes. Leaving Boyle, we skirt the southern sides of the Cur- lew hills, and after passing the ruins of Magara Castle, which are situated on the northern shores of Lough Gara, we proceed through a country exhibiting a variety of marsh, bog, bottom-land, pasture, tillage, and moor- land, all wretchedly tilled, and principally occupied by a miserable tenantry. Passing at six miles Doo Castle, the residence of Joseph M. M‘Donnell, Esq. on our left ; and Chaffpool, the seat of John Armstrong, Esq. Near the road leading from Tubbercurry to Ballymote, is Streamstown, Irwin, Esq., adjoining the rich lands and abbey ruins of Achonry. Sixteen miles from Boyle is the small town of. Tub- bercurry; at nine, the hamlet, demesne, and inte- resting abbey ruins of Banada. The demesne of Banada is the residence of Daniel Jones, Esq. It is watered by the infant Moy, which issues from the adja- cent and singularly shaped detached hill of Knockna- shee, here a picturesque stream. A little beyond Banada commences that glen, or gap, as it is here termed, through which the new road from that village to Ballina runs. It is a wild, deso- late, moorland tract, and though the Lurgan hills, which we cross, do nat rise to a great elevation, yet their heath-clad sides, and the small, sequestered, but lonely Lough Talt, which our road skirts, cannot fail to arrest the attention of every admirer of nature’s wilder scenes. On the west shores of Lough Talt is the residence of Mr. Robinson, on the right, the plan- tations and cottage of Mr. Taaffe. On clearing the glen, the great boggy tract which stretches around the ‘northern base of the Lurgan hills, gradually discloses itself, and as we advance, we command the whole plain from Ballina to Sligo, bounded on the north by that great inlet of the ocean which comprehends the bays of Killala, Sligo, and NO. LXXXIX.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. 349 After passing Ballaghy, we proceed through a bare un- interesting tract to the small and poor town of SWINEFORD, adjoining which is Brabazon Park, the seat of Sir William Brabazon, Bart. Though the country im- proves but little as regards culture, or the habitations of the wretched peasantry, yet the soil is better, and the scenery more varied and interesting as we proceed to Foxford. We leave Slieve Corn on the left and the long range of the Lurgan hills, and the Ox mountains on the right ; on our road we cross the river Moy and the Guishden, one of its tributaries, and pass New- castle. The small town of Foxford is situated near the southern end of Lough Conn, at the western ex- tremity of the Lurgan hills, which form part of the chain of hills reaching from Lough Gill to Lough Conn. The town, which is watered by the Moy, has improved of late; still it is a very inconsiderable place. Four miles from Foxford, on the road to Cas- tlebar, are the abbey ruins of Strade. We pass, at three miles from Foxford, Mount Falcon, J. F. Knox, Esq. on our left, and travelling for the remainder of our journey along an excellent new line of road, by the banks of the Moy, now increased in volume by the waters of Lough Conn, soon get through the poor dreary country lying between Foxford and Bal- lina. No. LXXXIX.—DUBLIN TO BALLINA. THIRD ROAD, BY BOYLE, TUBBERCURRY, BANADA, AND LOUGH TALT, Miles. Boyle, asin No. LEXXIV. 84 Tubbercurry . he cs . 16 |100 Bannde serie isk rela anes Lough Talt . . . - 3 1106 Ballina. .- A E 10 1116 Turis road is shorter by ten miles than our first, No. 87, but it is not yet fit for travellers; nor is there an inn or even a stage-house from Boyle 302 NO. XC.—DUBLIN TO STROKESTOWN. Bart. and Baronstown, the splendid residence of Mrs. O’Connor. These seats, together with Lough Iron, have been noticed in No. 84. The thriving small town of Ballinacargy is situated on the banks of the Royal Canal, surrounded by a fer- tile and comparatively improved country. In addi- tion to the seats we have just noticed there are several neat villas in its vicinity. A little beyond Ballinacargy we meet a deep peaty tract, through which the sluggish Inny steals its dank sullen waters, and crossing that river at three miles from the town, enter the county of Longford. We soon pass Castle Wilder, the residence of Hugh Pollock, Esq. on our right, also the remains of Tenelick, the seat of the former Barons of Annaly, on our left ; and at five miles from Ballinacargy the village and post station of Colehill. As we advance, the country improves in appearance and culture, more particularly around Dury Hall, the handsome residence of F. Jessop, Esq. Passing the village of Barry, and Lisglasic, the resi- dence of —— Robinson, Esq., a boggy tract again sec- ceeds, and at six miles from Colehill we reach the village of Keenagh, adjoining which is Mosstown, the highly im- proved seat of A.J. Kingston, Esq. A little to the right of Keenagh, near the hills of Slieve Gauldry, is the village of Abbeydarig. On the east side of these hills, but more in connexion with the Dublin and Longford road, are the hamlet and demesne of Ardagh, the seat of Sir G. R. Fetherstone, Bart. Again, emerg- ing on the great mossy tract, through which the Royal Canal is carried, at five miles from Keenagh, we arrive at the village of Killashee, close to which is Tem- pleton Glebe; about four miles to the right, on the road leading from Ballymahon to Longford, is Mount Jessop, the residence of Jessop, Esq. From Kil- Jashee, our road lies through a continuation of the above flat boggy tract, and at Tarmonbarry, we join the Longford and Strokestown road, described in No. 88. NO. XC.—DUBLIN TO STROKESTOWN. 361 Donegal; on the south by the Lurgan hills; on the west by the wild and lofty moorland ridges of Erris, which connect with the huge domical mountain of Nephin ; and on the east by the fertile and romantic hills, blending with the precipitous cliffs of Benbulben. The remaining part of the country has’ been generally sate under our brief description of the environs of allina. No. XC.—DUBLIN TO STROKESTOWN. BY MULLINGAR, BALLINACARGY, AND KILLASHEE. Miles Mullingar, asin No. LXXXIV. 39 Ballinacargy . 7 © «© Fl} 463 Colehil . . x ai), (et pian De aoe Keenagh . 0a tal er ash Oclate Killashee: =). Gis te Sle ORE -Tarmonbarry . d ‘ : - 382] 65 Strokestown . . ® ° go Mh ae Tuts line branches off No. 84, and the towns from Mullingar to Strokestown are all more or less con- nected with the Royal Canal, which runs through the district of country connected with this road. Though not a great thoroughfare, it, so far as regards the counties of Westmeath and Longford, lies through a populous and rather interesting district; but there are neither posting establishments nor inns on the line, nor are the roads in many places good. From Mullingar to Ballinacargy our road lies along the western shores of Lough Owhel, the seats and other particulars connected with which have been noticed in No. 84. From the higher parts and the hills adjacent, we not only command a view of the beautiful lake, but of a great portion of the counties of Westmeath and Longford. We leave Portlemon, the seat of Lord de Blacquiere, on our right, and passing through a high and dry pastoral country, at six miles from Mullingar reach Sonna, the fine old residence of H. M. Tuite, Esq. to the right of which, on the shores of the small Lough Iron, are, Z'risternagh, Sir J. Piers, 354 NO. XCII.—DUBLIN TO KILLALA, ETC. somehow or other. The present deanery house is about a mile west of Elphin, on the Roscommon road ; and the bishop’s palace is close to the town on the road leading to Boyle. The palace is a plain sub- stantial old-fashioned square building, and the extensive demesne lands around, are remarkably rich and well tilled. A little to the east of the bishop’s demesne is Lissa- durn, the residence of John Balfe, Esq., the trees of which tend much to soften the appearance of this part of the country. Close to the town, on the road leading to Drumsna, is Smith Hill, where it is said Oliver Goldsmith was born; and where, at all events, his grandfather, the Rev. Oliver Jones, the curate of Elphin, lived. It is said that Goldsmith received the early part of his education at the diocesan school of this town. Some of the grazing lands around Elphin are esteemed the richest of this very fertile district. No. XCIL—DUBLIN TO KILLALA AND RATHLACKEN; AND DUBLIN TO BALLYCASTLE. TO KILLALA. TO BALLYCASTLE. Miles. - Miles. Ballina, asin No. LXXXVII. _ !1263||Ballina,asin No. LXXXVII.__ [1263 Killala 2. 20)... 62)1328)) Killala, sorh ire ikehsmredtay Of 11322 Rathlacken . ‘ . 531138 ||Ballycastle - 3 . 8 1140¢ Tue ancient small town of Killala lies six miles north of Ballina, at the head of the bay which bears its name ; and Rathlacken is a mere post station, five miles farther. Rathlacken is situated at the terminus of the public roads in that direction, on the brink of the Atlantic, between Downpatrick and Kilcummin Heads, and is introduced to enable us to notice the fine tract of country lying along the coast, locally known as the best part of the barony of Tyrawley. On the arrival of the Dublin mail at Ballina, a well-appointed mail car starts for Killala, and returns the following day in time for the Dublin coach. 353 No. XCI—DUBLIN TO ELPHIN. FIRST ROAD, SECOND ROAD, BY LONGFORD AND STROKESTOWN. BY LONGFORD AND DRUMSNA. _ Miles. Miles. Longford, asin No. LXXXIV. [593]|Longford, as in No. LXXXIV. 594 Strokestown - etehke . 12}712)|Drumsna_ . « A - 132/73 Hiphin 9. $0rea es he Bale ME phia tees @ eet gales First Roap.—Of the various lines we have given to Strokestown, that by Longford is the best and most convenient. From Strokestown to Elphin the road is very bad; and there is little to attract the attention of the traveller beyond the great extent of reclaimable bog and marsh, the misery of the peasantry, and the wretched state of the richer lands passed through. By the second road, the traveller can proceed by the daily conveyances to Drumsna, thence by a hired conveyance, which can be here obtained across a very beautiful part of the county of Roscommon. The road is hilly, stretching over an elevated tract of country, which commands the surrounding district. We pass Rockfield, W. Lloyd, Esq. and the small but conspicuously situated Church of Aghrim, from whence an extensive prospect .of the country is obtained. Elphin, though situated in the centre of the highest part of the county of Roscommon, the diocesan seat and constant residence for several generations of the Bishops and Deans of Elphin, and where also a well- frequented diocesan school has been long maintained, exhibits little but the most squalid misery. There is not a good shop in the town, and no house worthy of the name of an Inn. Post horses, however, can be obtained. The town principally consists of thatched cabins straggling along the two main streets, which run at right angles. The Cathedral, which boasts of some antiquity, is a remarkably plain structure. The interior, however, is neatly fitted up. ‘There is also a commodious Roman Catholic Chapel. The old Deanery House is now the Inn; and is rendered conspicuous by avery fine evergreen oak, which has been preserved 2A 356 — NO. XCII.—DUBLIN TO KILLALA, ETC. have a very extraordinary and picturesque appearance ; and though by their shifting they seriously impede the navigation, they do no harm inland by drifting, as on shores exposed to the fury of the west winds. The small town of Killala, which never was a place of much importance, has fallen off considerably in con- sequence of the abolition, or rather the consolidation of the episcopal see with Tuam. The late diocesan house and lands are now occupied by W. J. Bourke, Esq. The old church is a small plain structure; and the round tower standing on an eminence in the town, is one of the most conspicuous of these singular erec- tions. . There is a commodious Roman Catholic Chapel, a small Methodist Meeting-house, a Parochial School, and a few neat villas around the town. Of late years the shipping has greatly decreased—it is now very trifling—the principal business, both import and export, being done at Ballina. The fishery, in which about 300 persons are engaged, still exists; also several shops for the supply of the town and limited district around. The line of adjacent coast usually included under Killala bay, is considerably indented and characterised by bold headlands. Ina creek lying between Rathlacken point and Kilcummin head, called Kilcummin bay, six miles north from Killala, about 1,000 of the French, under General Humbert, made a hostile landing in 1798. Farmhill, the seat of Major Gardiner, lies about two miles west of Killala; and, as we proceed along the coast, we pass on the left, in the vicinity of the town, * Castlerea, the handsome seat of John Knox, Esq. At two miles from Killala we reach the wretched hamlet of Palmerstown situated on the banks of the pretty rivulet which discharges the waters of the wild boggy district, lying westward, into the small bay of Rathfran. Palmerstown is part of the estates of the principal proprietor in this district, Sir W.H. Palmer, Bart., of Kenmure-Park, near Rush; and the ruins of Palmerstown-house, the family mansion, which was de- stroyed in 1798, are close to the road. At three miles NO. XCII.— DUBLIN TO KILLALA, ETC. 355 There are few better roads in this part of the coun- try than the new line from Ballina to Killala; but the district through which it lies is generally very poor and bleak ; and, besides Nephin, and the other mountain ranges, constituting the great features of this part of the country which we have repeatedly noticed in con- nexion with Ballina, there are few attractive objects. We pass Broadlands, the residence of Mr. Howley, and several other small villas; a small Church, Parson- age, and Presbyterian Meeting-house, conspicuously grouped together on the summit of an elevated ridge of land; and, as we approach Killala, the surface is disposed in the most singularly varied and picturesque shapes. To the lovers of picturesque and marine scenery however, we would, in fine weather, recommend the old coast line, even at the expense of a very hilly bad road. By this line we pass the ruins of Roserk Abbey, noticed in our description of the neighbourhood of Ballina; and at two miles farther, the beautiful ruins of the Abbey of Moyne. Among the numerous remnants of ancient church edifices which we possess, there are none more perfect, or from situation more interesting than the abbey of Moyne. Though, with the exception of the tower, roofless, the walls of the church, cloisters, and convent, still remain entire. It is difficult to conceive a spot more suited to the seclusion of a monastic life, than that on which the abbey stands. It lies in a sequestered pas- toral district on the banks of the bay, watered by a small rill, which dipping into the granular limestone, rises again under the abbey, and waters the convent. From the top of the tower, the ascent to which is both easy and safe, a good view is obtained of the entire building with its localities, the surrounding country, the bay whose smooth azure waters are diversified by the island of Bartragh, and the accompanying ‘ridges of long, low, white-crested sand-hills. On the island of Bartragh is the residence of Kirkwood, Esq., to whom the Abbey of Moyne and adjacent lands belong. These sand-hills scattered throughout the bay, 358 NO. XCILII—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. of our inland counties; and, following all the sinuosities of the shores, more than 400 miles of the line of coast. The chain of mountains which on the south bound and seclude this district, run from Nephin to Achill head; and from their northern sides a dreary waste stretches to the sea; of which 142,000 Irish acres, nearly 360 British square miles, belong to Erris :—no more than half of the district now under considera- tion. There are few scenes more cheerless than that which the aspect of the interior of this moorland country presents. Even in summer and autumn the few spots of wretched cultivation appear as mere specks, and scarcely chequer the gloomy monotony of the heath clad surface. The southern range of mountains, though lofty and grand, are tame in their outlines; and the great central plain, though sweeping in beautiful undu- lations, and diversified on the north by the lower hills which rise along the wild iron-bound ceast, appears a desert ; except the tall heather and the marsh wil- lows, not a bush waves over the surface ; nor in many places, does a house, fit for‘any civilised being, gladden the scene. In the fastnesses of the mountains, in the ~ Ballycroy district, a few of the red deer still find a covert. The coast, however, though wild and desolate, and as yet almost destitute of roads, offers many attractions to the naturalist as well as to the admirers of marine scenery. From Moista Sound, near Balderig, on the east, to the beautiful archipelago of green islets, which crowd Clew bay on the south, including, of course, the island of Achill, every headland which is rounded presents some bold cliff, devious creek, wave-worn arch, sandy beech, or wide-spreading bay. Of the latter Blacksod bay, which was proposed as a terminus to one of the great lines of the western rail road, is capable of containing in perfect security the whole British navy. The rivers of Erris are few, and Carrow- more is the only inland lough worthy of notice. Errts, and the wild country adjacent, was till lately little known, except to the grouse shooter; it was NO. XCUI.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. 355 from Killala, on the right, is Swmmerhill, Thomas Palmer, Esq. ; at four, Keromore, Roger Palmer, Esq. ; and at five Castlelacken, the seat of Colonel Knox. The small village of Ballycastle is situated on the shore a little west of Downpatrick Head. The road to it branches off at a short distance beyond Palmerstown ; running through a wild and partially reclaimed dis- trict. Ballycastle is a coast guard station ; and, under proper encouragement, well situated for sea-bathing. The coast, every where wild, is in several places truly grand. A new road through Erris along the shore connects Ballycastle with Belmullet ; and affords faci- lities for those visiting it, and of travelling coastwise through Erris. The coast round to Rathlacken is inte- resting; this portion includes the remarkable isolated rock of Downpatrick Head. - No. XCIIIL—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. FIRST ROAD, BY BALLINA AND CROSSMOLINA. Miles. Ballina, as in No. LXXXVII, 1264 Crossmolina . Arcos - 63241323 Corrick Bridge a 5 5 - 10 11422 Bangor . ° 7 = = - 6 {149% Belmullet . . 2 F - 10 {1582 In the above table we have taken up the first road to Ballina, the only one by which the public coaches now travel.—BELMULLET is the only town in the remote district of Erris. Erris Proper comprehends only a portion of that wild and remote part of the county of Mayo, which is bounded on the south by Newport bay, on the west and north by the Atlantic, and on the east by Lough Conn and the bay of Killala. But we here include all within those limits, save the easterly and more fertile part of the barony of Tyrawley, noticed in con- nexion with Ballina, Killala, and Crossmolina. Thus, the barony of Erris, with the wilder parts of the adjoin- ing baronies, embraces an irregular space of forty statute miles in length, by thirty in breadth, larger than some 360 NO. XCUI.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. As we proceed to Belmullet, the first two miles of our road is skirted with streaks of miserable tillage— a prelude to the great heathy waste on which we soon emerge. Every step we advance unfolds to view more of the details of this interesting district, and particularly of the continuous chain of mountains which bound it on the south, commencing with Nephin, which we have noticed, and stretching westerly to Achill head; each mountain, as separated by the intervening glens, having its distinctive appellation. The first di- vision of these mountains, as seen from this part of the road reaches from Nephin to Corslieve; and though their summits are softly rounded, their sides but little diversified by ravines or streaked by the Alpine tor- rents, and though they altogether present less of the picturesque than those of the neighbouring district of Connemara, yet, there is a surpassing grandeur, arising from their circular outline, and a degree of sublimity from the stillness that reigns over the face of the long unbroken ranges of pastoral heath which sweep along their base, and connect them with the brown wide- spreading plain. On the right the country is consider- ably relieved by the low scattered hills, among which Slieve Fyough rises to a height of 1,000 feet. It is impossible to look on this melancholy, but highly improvable waste, unbroken, save by the gurg- ling rills which furrow its gentle and beautiful undu- lations in their unrestrained course to the ocean, with- out reflecting on the good that might be effected by the judicious employment of the unemployed poor in its reclamation. At Corrick-bridge we meet with a solitary public- house, the first baiting place on our line; and here we also meet the new road from Castlebar ; the Owenmore, (a name common to many rivers in Connaught,) and its two principal tributaries. Here the mountains of Cor- slieve and Achillbeg deflect to the south. The aspect of the country here too changes, and our road for the next six miles follows the course of the Owenmore river, gliding between the high hills of Croghan and Slieve Fyough, which bound the narrow continuous NO. XCIII.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. 359 almost a terra incognita, till the government opened up what is called, the eastern central road by Crossmolina ; the southern road by Castlebar, connecting with the former at Corrick-bridge; the road by Newport-pratt through Ballacroy; and the coast-line by Killala and Ballycastle ; the two latter also connecting with the central line at different points. First roap.—As soon as the Dublin mail reaches Ballina, a mail car starts for Crossmolina, but as there is no Inn or good conveyance to be hired at that poor small town, we would recommend travellers to start from Ballina, or, at all events, to secure some mode of conveyance from that to Belmullet. The road is tolerably good; and there are baiting places at Corrick-bridge and Bangor. If the delay in Erris is short, it would be well to make arrangements with the Inn-keeper in Ballina, as to returning. From Ballina we pursue our way through a poor, country ; passing at five miles Deal Castle, the seat of Captain Cuff. This extensive demesne is pleasantly situated on the northern shores of Lough Conn. To the right, near the road leading from Crossmolina, to Killala, is Rappa, the seat of A. Knox, Esq.; Farmhill, John Gardiner, Esq., and G'reenwood, Knox, Esq. Crossmolina is the only town between Ballina and Belmullet. It is about a mile from the northern shores of Lough Conn; and is watered by the Deal river which runs into Lough Conn, near Deal Castle. This small town, which is part of the large estate of Sir William Palmer, Bart., is of modern date. It princi- pally consists of low slated houses, forming two streets—weekly markets are held, but little business is done. The remains of an old castle stand near the church; and in the church-yard, which is in the villa grounds of Abbeytown, the walls of an old abbey, founded in the tenth century, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, can still be traced. Close on the shore, is Gortner Abbey, the residence of Ormsby, Esq. ; and three miles below it, on the cross road leading to the Pontoon, is Enniscoe, the seat of Mervyn Pratt, Esq. 362 NO. XCIII.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. and the rocks of the Inniskea islands; on our right the beautiful but small bay of Broadhaven, with its surrounding shores fully in view; and considerably to the north the distant stags of Broadhaven are seen peeping over the lower hills. Passing along the narrow isthmus. which separates the bays of Blacksod and Broadhaven, and connects the peninsula of the Mullet with the main land, we soon reach BELMULLET. This small town has sprung up since 1825, under the encouragement afforded by W. H. Carter, Esq., of Castle- martin, one of the principal proprietors of Errts. It has already extended into two streets and a small central square. The houses are generally of two stories, slated, and pretty uniformly built. There is a small poor inn, where cars and ponies can be occasionally ob- tained ; a sessions’-house, in which the Protestant con- gregation assemble for worship; several small shops ; five or six mercantile stores; coast-guard establishment, with resident inspector ; and a constabulary station. Although but a small part of the original plan of im- provement has been executed, the export trade since 1825 has encreased from 100 to 1800 tons; and with this a corresponding encrease of cultivation has followed. Monthly fairs are held; and, on the whole, this remote town, under proper encouragement, will become a place of some importance. BELMULLET is situated at the extremity of the isthmus which, as we before observed separates the bays of Blacksod and Broadhaven, and connects the Mullet with the main land. The neck of land, at the lower end of the town, is only about 400 yards in breadth, and it might easily be cut through, and thus connect the two bays. This formed part of the plan of improve- ment, connected with the scheme of making Belmullet the terminus of one of the lines of the proposed Great Western Railway. The Peninsula beyond Belmullet, which bounds Blacksod bay on the west, constitutes the parish of Kil- more, and the district is usually termed “within the Mullet.” The population is about 9,000 ; it is ten Irish NO. XCIII.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. 361 valleys of Ballymonnelly and Glenco. Many parts of these glens though unclothed, save by the stunted willow and hazel, are very picturesque ; and the Owenmore, which is remarkable for the quantity and quality of its salmon, is every where romantic. On clearing Glenco we leave the Owenmore, which pursues its way to Tulloghaan bay, a branch of the great inlet of Blacksod, and arrive at a group of wretch- ed cabins, called Bangor, among which is a poor public- house. Beyond Bangor a dreary tract of bog stretches south- erly towards Blacksod bay; and on the north the bleakness is somewhat relieved by the numerous low hills, which lie around the Lough of Carrowmore. This lough, which is near the road on the right, is about four miles in length, of very variable breadth, and is the only large body of fresh water in the district. It con- tains three or four small islands; but its shores, though very wild and lonely, are not, except in a few places, very attractive. The surplus waters of this lough are discharged by the Munhin river, which blends with the Owenmore, before it reaches Tulloghaan bay. A change of surface again succeeds the boggy plain, and about five miles from Bangor the road enters the ravine of Glencastle, in which we pass the Danish Fort of Doondonnell. This change of scenery is accompanied with the first appearance of limestone, and consequently a change of verdure and vegetation. The verdure, which is mixed with occasional copses of underwood, is refreshing after the great extent of dreary bog we have passed. The road from Newport, through Ballycroy, joins our line at the foot of the glen, where we meet a few huts and a chapel, composing the hamlet of Glen- castle. A mile further we also meet the new road from Ballycastle. Here the country begins to assume amore pleasing and cultivated appearance, and offers to the mind, in the dawning improvement, some hope of extended reclamation. We have now the vast bay of Blacksod on our left, bounded on the west by THE Movtuet, backed by its high glittering sand banks, 364 NO. XCIV.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. found far under the level of high water, resting on bog-soil, a proof that trees once covered parts of the shores of this, the most exposed seaward point of our western coast. No. XCIV.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. SECOND ROAD, BY CASTLEBAR, NEWPORT, MAYO, AND TULLOGHAAN FERRY. Miles. Castlebar, asin No. LXXIV. . 126 Newport Mayo. ; - 8 {154 Molyrany . : - 3 OEE aR 83/1422 Tulloghaan Ferr © 6 = 103 {1E25 Glencastle. . . . « «s 83/1608 BOM AGNO i ova onde Late) 52) pb sone DEN GSS. As cars are not always to be had at Newport, we would advise the traveller to secure his conveyance at Castle- bar to Tulloghaan Ferry, from whence, unless he has arranged to have a conveyance to meet him on the opposite shore, he must walk to Belmullet. In the high and mixed rocky country lying between Castlebar and Newport we have little to note in addition to what we have already stated in connexion with the former town, till we reach the beautiful and highly picturesque vicinage of Newport. This neglected town is romantically situated at the head of Clew bay, close to the mouth of the Beltra river, which discharges the waters from the small Lough of that name, as well as from a considerable extent of the surrounding mountain country. It is the only town between Castlebar and Belmullet; and the wild highland district we have to traverse commences a little onwards. The land immediately around it is fertile, the situation delightful and comparatively shel- tered ; the bay, studded with its congeries of verdant isles, affords shelter to vessels of every class; Newport house, the seat of Sir Richard O’Donnel, one of the chief proprietors of the adjoining district, is close to the town. The town itself contains a neat church and commodious chapel, also a handsome parsonage on the banks of the picturesque river Beltra; northward, and in the vicinity of the town is “the land of mountain NO. XCIHI.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. 363 miles in length, and upon an average, two in breadth ; containing 18,000 Irish acres, of which 6,100 are arable and green pasture, 2,800 are sandy plains, and 9,100 highly improveable bog and mountain land, the greatest elevation of which is only 410 feet over the sea. Though in this division there is a greater proportion of good land than in any other part of the district, yet the’ cultivation is equally bad, and the inhabitants as wretched. Few farms are divided; roads bad, and the villages poor in the extreme; even Binghamstown, the largest in the district, about three miles from Bel- mullet, containing the parish church, and glebe-house ; the Roman Catholic chapel, and in its vicinity, the residence of the parish priest, the Rev. J. P. Lyons, who has exerted himself in the improvement of the dis- trict, is a mere assemblage of wretched huts. Bingham Castle, the residence of Major Bingham, the principal proprietor of this district, situated on the shores of Blacksod bay about six miles from Bel- mullet, isa large rude castellated structure, and from its exposure to the Atlantic storms, not a tree rises beyond the walls which inclose them. A sandy beach extends along the whole of its western shores, from Surge- view northward to Tarmon Carra; and during storms the sand is drifted over the adjacent country to a great ex- tent, sometimes rising in clouds to fifty or sixty feet From Tarmon Carra north by Erris-head to Blind- harbour, the shores are bold and rocky, and on this division of the coast, is Eagle Island, where a light- house has been recently erected. Some uninteresting church ruins are to be seen at Cross, near Bing- hamstown, and opposite to them is an old burial place, on the islet of Innisglora, one of the large rocks which skirt the coast. In this neighbourhood is a remark- able subterraneous cavern, called Pullinashantina, into which the sea rushes, nearly a quarter of a mile, with great violence and noise; the rock is singularly formed, and a part of it has fallen in, leaving a wide gap which adds to the awful grandeur of the scene. Here, as in many places along the western shores, stumps and roots of trees, standing as they grew, are 366 NO. XCIV.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. Croagh Patrick, the finest of all our conical mountains, seen to such advantage, as from the adjacent knolls which lie on either side of this road. Leaving Clew bay we soon reach Ballycroy, the sou- thern district of Erris, and pass Molyrany, where the road to Achill branches off. From this point we pro- ceed for about five miles along the shores of a beautiful narrow inlet running in from Tulloghaan bay, which is finely diversified by the wildly broken coast of Coraan Achill on the left, and the western slopes of Maume Tho- maus on the right. The latter spring from the ocean to a height of nearly 2,000 feet, and around Dukell the scenery is truly grand, cliff rising over cliff, and summit over summit, in the most rugged forms; the numerous crags and masses of disintegrated rock half-concealed by the high dark heath which clothes the slopes. The taller species of heath which waves along the surface from the sea to the mountain top, and mingles with the more humble sorts in the solitary dells where the few remaining red deer make their lair, is that denizen of our gardens—the Mediterranean heath only lately noticed in a wild state in this solitary district. As we advance we cross the Bealaveeny river, which discharges the waters from the Maume Thomaus moun- tains. The estuary on the left now enlarges and discloses the islands of Annagh and Innisbegal ; and far in the west the mountains of Achill rear high their bleak majestic heads. A dreary swampy plain, diversified with low moorland hills, succeeds to the Ballycroy mountains ; and as we approach Tulloghaan ferry, we pass about a mile to the left, the ruins of Doona, the only ancient edifice worthy of note in the whole district ; and which is said to have been built by the celebrated Grace O'Malley. . - Tulloghaan Bay, which is a branch of Blacksod Bay, runs into the centre of the country, and receives the principal rivers of the district—the Owenmore and Stranamonragh. At the mouth of the latter, which "is a little above the ferry, there is a considerable salmon fishery, and near it Grey Lodge, the residence of the person who farms it. NO. XCIV.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. 365 and of flood.” Yet, with all the advantages of soil and situation, the town, though improving or rather ex- tending in some degree, does not contain a house in which a traveller can stop—nor are there in the vicinity many spots to please the eye of an agriculturist. Newrort, which now consists of one main street with several small lanes branching off it, contains about 350 houses, some of which are well built. Formerly, considerable shipments of corn took place here—the exports now are under 1,000 tons of grain annually, although the bay is safe and the quays commodious.— This trade has been transferred to Westport—the retail business of the town is limited to the supply of a very poor district. Ciew BAY, which includes those of Newport and Westport, is very different from all our ocean inlets ; and while all our bays in comparison vary in many ways, Clew bay, with its archipelago of fertile islets, bears no resemblance to any other in the whole range of our sea- girt coast. These little green isles, amounting to 170, are clustered about the head of the bay, and at the mouth of it, about ten miles from them, is Clare island. The latter is of a remarkable triangular shape, about four miles long, cultivated, and contains 1,500 inhabitants. Among the smaller isles, and the creeks and inlets of the main, are a variety of safe roadsteads and harbours, capable of admitting vessels of all classes. The road from Newport to Molyrany, skirts on the left the shores of Clew bay, and on the right Maume Thomaus mountains, the wild forms of which are seen from this road, in some of their best points of view. They are deeply broken by the wild rugged ravines of Glendahurk, Glen Thomaus, and Glennamadda, which pierce their steep and rugged sides. Loughs Furnauce and Fyough, two fine but little frequented sheets of water, lie in the wild and romantic Glendahurk, and at two miles from the road. From the numerous heights along the line the traveller can command a full view of Clew bay and the wild mountain district which bounds it; and perhaps from no point except the bay itself’ is 368 NO. XCV.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. Nephin on the east from those of Bereen Corrough on the west. At seven miles from Castlebar we reach Glen Island, with its wooded banks, and soon after, the lough of Beltra, along the eastern side of which our road lies. While the ravines are here deep and wild, and the mountains exhibit considerable elevation, grandeur, and variety, the scenery is less interesting than along the shores of Ballycroy. On clearing the mountain defile, we emerge on the great boggy plain which sweeps along the northern bases of the above mountains, and which presents little to engage the attention of the traveller, beyond its great capabilities of improvement. We reach the central road through Erris, described in No. XCIII, within a short distance of Corrickbridge, and proceed by that line to Belmullet. In addition to the three main lines of road through Erris, there is another along the coast from Ballycastle to Belmullet. It is, however, very circuitous, and merely introduced to direct the tourist to the splendid scenery along the coast, west from Balderig; and also to enable us to notice the wild desolate tract along the northern shores of this district. The small Coast Guard station of Balderig is about seven miles from Ballycastle, and about one mile off the new road leading from that village to Belmullet. The parts of the coast to which we would particularly direct the attention of the lovers of marine and cliff scenery extend from Balderig to Rossferry, a distance of fifteen miles, and thence till we meet the new road from Ballycastle to Belmullet, five, making a detour of at least twenty miles. There are neither roads nor houses of accommodation along this part of the iron-bound coast—the surface is dreary moorland, varied only by the hills which rise to 800 feet in height along the inhospitable shores. This excursion is only suited to pedestrians, in summer weather, and it is even with some difficulty that boats can be procured at Balderig and the more wes- terly coast-guard stations of Port Turling and Porta- cloy, to see the cliffs and caverns along the interesting parts of this coast. NO. XCV.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. 367 Tulloghaan Ferry is about a mile in breadth; the boats are kept at the opposite shore, where there are a few cabins ; and generally speaking, in good weather, there is little delay in crossing. ° Beyond the ferry we continue along the shores of Tulloghaan bay for about three miles, when we cross the narrow isthmus Geesala, which separates the latter bay from Blacksod. The road, which now lies near the shores of Blacksod bay, is in many places very low, and occasionally inundated ; in others it is very hilly. The country, though desolate, like all the moorland tracts of Erris, appears, particularly towards the east, suscep- tible of great improvement. We meet a few wretched dwellings and the accompanying spots of tillage; and considerable herds of Cattle are seen roaming over the drier parts of the seemingly boundless heathy waste. Blacksod bay is here from three to five miles in breadth, and on its opposite shores The Mullet, with its sinuous bays, is seen from the higher grounds along our road. About seven miles from Tulloghaan Ferry, we join the central road, No. XCIII., at the hamlet of Glen- castle, and thence proceed by that line to Belmullet. No. XCV.—DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. THIRD ROAD, BY CASTLEBAR AND CORRICKBRIDGE. Miles. Castlebar, as in No. LXXIV. 126 Loch Beltra . - ° - 133 Corrickbridge . . + 14)147 Bangor . . . . s 6}153 Belmullet ‘ 5 : . 106s As Castlebar is more easily reached than Ballina, and the road from thence by Corrickbridge more direct than by Ballycroy, and free from ferries or any other ob- structions, we consider this the most convenient way of reaching Belmullet. Conveyances can always be ob- tained at Castlebar. From this town our road lies along the wild tract of country, stretching towards the base of the Barney-na-gee group of mountains and through Glen Nephin, the latter separating the mountains of 370 NO. XCVI.—DUBLIN TO ACHILL. storm, when the long surges moan through their vaults, and the scream of the sea-mew is faintly heard amid the loud resounding billows, which lash their gigantic bar- riers, they cannot fail of exciting feelings of awe and admiration. The hill of Benwee is a little to the west of Portacloy. It rises on its north-west side perpendicularly from the sea to a height of 900 feet. The ascent is easy, and the view is truly grand. On the one hand, the greater part of Erris, with its lofty southern barriers sweeping in circular outline can be traced ;—on the other, the eye rests on the dark bosom of the Atlantic. Coast- ways, on the east, are seen the stags of Broadhaven, and the whole range of rocky shore from Benmore to Downpatrick-head; and on the south-west, the eye ranges over the harbours of Broadhaven and Blacksod, the shores and surface of the Mullet, and rests on the cloud-capt mountains of Achill. From Benwee the tourist may proceed by Ross-ferry to the new line of road running from Ballycastle to Belmullet, which he will. join within eight miles of the latter. Along that line of road we meet with a succes- sion of the desolate heathy wastes common to the lower parts of Erris. No. XCVI—DUBLIN TO ACHILL. BY MOLRHANY. Miles. Moirhany, as in, No. XCIV. 1422 Achill Sound, . : = - 7 | 1492 Tue island of Achill is separated from the peninsula of Coraan Achill by a narrow sound which is fordable at low water. It contains 22,500 Irish acres, 80 miles of coast, and a population of 4,000 souls. It is chiefly composed of lofty hills of quartz rock, especially on the north and west sides, with large flat uncultivated bogs opposite to the main. Several of the mountains around Achill-head rise to an elevation of 2,200 feet, and form the most remarkable features along the western line of coast. The coast views are every where magnificent. The inhabitants, who are very poor, eke out a miserable existence between fishing and tilling for their immediate wants, and are chiefly congregated in clusters of the NO. XCV.— DUBLIN TO BELMULLET. 369 It is recommended to view the coast between Balderig and Portacloy from a boat, and to perform the remainder of the journey by land, visiting the hill of Benwee and Kilgalligan-head on the road to Rossferry. The shores along this part of Erris are, from the difficulty of access, but little known, although they are fully equal in wildness and magnificence to any along the whole range of our sea-girt isle. Every projection that is rounded discloses some striking combination of impending cliff or vaulted cavern. Where all is wonderful, it is often difficult to particularise scenes: but here, even amid the extraordi- nary objects which rise successively to view, we are more forcibly struck with Morsta Sounp, and the caverns, termed the ArcH and Partour. MorsrTa Sounp is four miles west of Balderig. It is a chasm about a cable’s length from one extremity to the other, so narrow that a boat’s oars must be reefed in passing through it, and bounded by perpendicular walls of rock, at least 500 feet in height. The Arcu is about eight miles from Balderig and near the coast- guard station of Port Turling. This cavern is about thirty feet in height, and may be rowed through in per- fect safety, at half tide and in moderate weather. It resembles Moista Sound in its direction, length, and breadth—but the similarity here ends. A key-stone of trap rock, about ten feet in breadth, extends from the centre of the arch to the summit of the cliff,— a height apparently of 600 feet. The Parxour lies a little to the west of the beautiful little harbour of Portacloy, where there is also a coast-guard station, and near the northern extremity of the lofty and nearly isolated promontory of Doonvinalla. This magnificent cavern is about thirty feet high at the entrance, and wide enough for a boat to row in. It then expands into a spacious circular shape with a lofty domical roof. The cliff rises about 600 feet above the arch. Under whatever modification of sea and sky, these caves are viewed, whether in calm, when the horizontal rays of the rising or setting sun gild their interior, or the more vertical noontide beams illumine the unruffled surface of the dark blue waters which they contain; or whether in 2B 372 NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. leads to nearly all the principal parts of the counties of Meath, Cavan, and Fermanagh, and to several important places in Longford and Donegal. On leaving Dublin we pass near the northern boun- dary of the Phoenix Park, with the old demesne of Cabra, and several] small villas onour right ; run through a considerable portion of land. which is chiefly appropriated to the growth of culinary vegetables for the city; and at two miles, clear the environs of the Metropolis, if such, in the absence of every thing like rural orna- ment, they may be termed. The plantations of the Pheenix Park on the left are joined by those of the villa grounds, which adorn the left banks of the Liffey for many miles above the city; and, in connexion with> them, at four miles from the town, the church, castle ruins, and moat of Castleknock, as seen from this road, compose an interesting group. On the right, the bank forming the northern boundary of the narrow winding glade, through which the Tolka streamlet forces its tortuous course, is clothed with the hedge-row trees of several villas, which link in with the plantations of Sheep- hill, the seat of James Hans Hamilton, Esq. At five miles, we pass the schools endowed by the late Mr. Morgan ; cross for the first and only time the Royal Canal, on the banks of which is the small woollen spinning factory of Blanchardstown, and emerge on the great plain which lies around the Metropolis. . This champaign tract, the largest and most important in the kingdom, stretches, with some slight interruption, from the Dublin mountains on the south to the low fertile hills of Meath and Louth on the north; and on the east, from the shores of the bay of Dublin westward in one unbroken plain for at least thirty miles. This relatively immense space, containing some of the finest lands in the kingdom, is well known to graziers for its fattening qualities; and no inconsiderable share of the live stock exhibited in the Dublin and Liverpool mar- kets are the produce of its rich pastures. _ In this fertile soil, occupied by a comparatively respectable tenantry, many of them the most wealthy in Ireland, it is melancholy to see the bleak state of the NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 371 most miserable huts along the coast. Among the poor we every where meet, the islanders of Achill are the poorest. Our road lies along the northern shores of Coraan Achill, the peninsula which lies between the narrow isthmus of Molrhany and the Sound of Achill, and pre- sents fine views of that part of Tulloghaan bay, which includes the islands of Annagh and Innisbegil. \ The peninsula of Coraan Achill is a mountain of conglomo- rate sandstone with flat bogs on the south shore—it is less peopled and even more barren than the island ot Achill. The strand at the Sound of Achill is fordable at low water, and may be crossed with the help of an experienced guide ; but as the road which leads to the Ford is bad, it will be better to proceed to the Ferry where a boat is in constant attendance, and where a small Inn has been established, in which the tourist may contrive to lodge for the night. The Protestant Missionary establishment, which has occupied a considerable share of public attention, is si- tuated on the north-east of the island, near the hamlet of Dugort, which is about four miles from Keel, the principal village in the island. Dugort is about nine miles from the Ferry, from which a road leads. A monthly paper, edited by the Rev. Mr. Nangle, is published here, which has obtained a considerable circu- lation. The small village of Keem, near Achill-head; is on the west side of the island, and eleven miles from the Ferry. A public road connects it with the main land. Keem is remarkable for the boldness of its cliffs, and the extensive views it commands. Some amethysts of fine quality have been found here. No. XCVII—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. FIRST ROAD BY DUNSHAUGHLIN, NAVAN, KELLS, VIRGINIA, AND CAVAN. Miles. Miles. Clonee J je . 2 7 || Lava Strand . ote pee Rae Blackbull . : 3 | 10)) Cavan . : : oa 651 55 Dunshaughlin . - 31] 13 || Wattlebridge é < 2Stit63 Navan ; A z - 9{| 92 }) Lisnaskea . . ° 2 Gh 71 Kells . s . F « 9] 8! {| Enniskillen . 2 - 9780 Virginia. . at cee 9 | 40 Tus is the great north-west road from Dublin. It 374 NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. and the rich though bleak surface is considerably re- lieved by the fertile hills of Tara and Skreen, between which our road runs. The latter hill, rising to 500 feet above the level of the sea, lies about a mile and a half to the right, and is rendered still more conspicuous by the church ruins and straggling hamlet which crown its summit. Tara, on the left, is covered with a rich soil and crowned with a modern church, the ruins of the old one not being conspicuous. It is stated, but not gene- rally credited, that up to the end of the sixth century, a triennial convocation of the provincial kings, clergy, and bards, was held here for the settlement of the affairs of the kingdom, and the election of a supreme ruler ; and that the inauguration stone was afterwards removed to Scotland, where it was used for a similar purpose; from whence it was taken to England by Edward the First, and still remains at Westminster Abbey. In 980 the Danes sustained asignal defeat here; Roderic, the last native king, collected his forces here, previous to attacking the English in Dublin; here also, in 1589, O’Nial assembled his troops after laying waste the sur- rounding country ; and in 1798, a skirmish took place between the Insurgents and a detachment of Fencibles. Tara, though celebrated both in story and in song, is de- void of any vestige of antiquity, save the traces of circu- lar intrenchments, common to other Danish forts. In the absence of any thing, that can justify the idle reveries about Tara’s castles and Tara’s halls, the view from the summit of this hill will make ample amends to those who, instead of indulging in mournful reflections on the past, can look forward with delight to the time when the vast fertile but half-cultivated surrounding plains, shall teem with abundance—of which the husbandman and labourer will each receive his due reward—when plenty and contentment shall reign, and the cold clay- built huts give way to the cheerful cottage with its blazing hearth. Tara Hall, a small plain modern house, the residence of Patrick Lynch. Esq., lies between the hill and the road. A little beyond the hill of Tara, we pass on the right, Lismullin, the beautifully situated demesne of Sir Charles NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 373 country—the neglect of live fences—the wretched husbandry—the primitive implements—and, above all, the miserable dwellings of the labourers. There are, how- ever, we are glad to state, many honorable exceptions, but they are so thinly scattered over the great extent of country, as not to be readily discerned by the general traveller. A little beyond the canal, we meet the hamlet of Blanchardstown, and soon reach the village of Clonee, near which we enter the county of Meath. Close to the village of Clonee, on the left, is Sum- mer-seat, the residence of Samuel Garnet, Esq., with several villas adjoining; near it the demesne of Rusk, also the village and demesne of Dunboyne Castle. Two miles from Clonee, we pass on the right, Morman’s Grove, the residence of Mr. Shanly ; at two and a-half, Wood-Park, the seat of the Rev. Joseph Preston ; and at three miles, the village and cross roads of Black Bull. Two miles from the Black Bull, we reach the hamlet called The Bush, a little to the left of which is the small demesne of Parsonstown, the seat of the Hon. Sir F. Stanhope; and at four, reach the decayed village of Dunshaughlin, to the right of which, about two miles on the cross road leading to Ashbourne, is Laggore, the well wooded residence of Michael Thun- der, Esg.; and at four, also on the same road, and crowning the summit of one of the long and gently elevated ridges into which the surface of this part of the country is thrown, are the village and manor of Ratoath, the latter the residence of J. Corballis, Esq. Killeen, the seat of the Earl of Fingall, with its large castellated mansion; Warrenstown, the seat of John Johnson, Esq.; Dunsany, that of Lord Dunsany, with its handsome castellated residence, lie close to each other, in a rich vale, about four miles from Dunshaughlin and two to the left of our road. In the bleak but fertile country which stretches northerly, and about three miles to the right of Dunshaughlin, on the cross road leading to Skreen, is Corbalton Hall, the fine seat of M. E. Corbally, Esq. ; As we advance, the country improves In appearance; 376 NO. XCVIIL.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. of the country, and which afterwards received various additional privileges from Edward the Fourth, Henry the Seventh, and James the First. It is situated at the con- fluence of the rivers Boyne and Blackwater ; in the centre of the county of Meath, and surrounded by some of the richest lands in the kingdom. The town con- sists of three main streets of considerable extent, with various narrow lanes branching off. The houses in the main streets are very irregularly built ; those in the lanes are of a very poor description, and the suburban huts truly miserable. A considerable retail trade is carried on; at. the weekly markets and quarterly fairs, a great quantity of agricultural produce is dis- posed of; and, in the manufacture of flour, a good deal is done. To the latter division of trade, we may add a large distillery, a brewery, the flax-spinning mills, the frieze, and paper factories, four large flour mills, and the weaving of sacking. The greater part of the corn and other provisions purchased, are sent along the Boyne navigation, a distance of sixteen miles, to Drogheda. There is a handsome church and a spacious Roman Catholic chapel; a seminary, an endowed school, be- sides other educational establishments ; a barrack, court- house, county infirmary, and fever hospital. Among the antiquities we may notice the church and castle ruins of Athlumney—the latter a very striking feature; and the round tower and ruined church of Donoghmore, which stand about two miles from Navan, on the road leading to Slane by the left bank of the river. On the west side of Navan is a very large and high Danish Fort, from whence a good view of the town and the rich and beautiful country around is ob- tained. Blackcastle, the fine residence of Richard Ruxton Fitzherbert, Esq. adjoins the town; the well wooded demesne now including that of Swinerton, stretches for two miles along the left bank of the Boyne ; and oppo- site to it is Ardmulchan, the residence of Robert Taaffe, Esq. Four miles from Navan, on one of the cross roads leading to Athboy, is Philpotstown, the seat of John T. Young, Esq. NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 375. Dillon, Bart., and soon after, reach the young plantations of Dowestown, the seat of The Hon. Lieut.-General Taylor. The eye, wearied with the monotonous bleakness of the country travelled through, is now relieved by a great extent of woodland scenery, which stretches from our road up the beautiful and rich valley of the Boyne for several miles. Connected with Dowestown is Bel- linter, the seat of the Rev. Joseph Preston. This finely wooded demesne stretches for a considerable distance along the banks of the Boyne, and joins, at its upper extremity, with the plantations of Bective House, the seat of Richard Bolton, Esq. The latter demesne reaches along the left and bold bank of the river, from Bellinter to the wretched village of Bective bridge. The fine ruins of the Abbey of Bective, founded in 1146, by Murchard O’Melaghlin, king of Meath, add to the interest of this place. They are situated on the banks of the Boyne, about four miles from the de- mesne of Dowestown, and on the cross road leading thence to Trim; and by a little planting might be rendered highly picturesque. On the right bank of the river, opposite to Bective House, are the old demesne of Balsoon, and the ruins of Asigh Castle. As we proceed, the country assumes a still more beautiful and improved appearance. On passing the plantations of Dowestown, our road skirts the right bank of the Boyne—having on the opposite side the delightfully situated but neglected demesne, of Ard- sallagh, the estate of the Earl of Ludlow ; and joining Boyne-hill, Mrs. Gerrard. We pass on the right, Kil- cairn Lodge, the residence of William Dillon, Esq. ; on the left the extensive flour mills ; and, at twenty-two miles from Dublin, cross the Boyne, the companionship of which we enjoy, with its verdant banks adorned by the plantations of Athlumney, the seat of Peter Bia Metge, Esq.; and on a rising ground adjacent, the villa of John Metge, Esq. ; on the left Greenmount, the seat of the Rev. Robert Thompson, which is close to NAVAN, : the first borough established by the English in this part 378 NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. venerable trees, and terminated by the church and ancient round tower—the handsome Roman Catholic chapel and sessions-house, with their enclosures, are calculated to remind us of many scenes in England where the village is an adjunct to the manor-house and the lord of the soil is as careful of the interests and comforts of his villagers, as he is of the preservation of the pictures in his gallery, or the trees in his park. Such was that portion of Kells connected with Headfort, in the time of Thomas, first Earl of Bective ; but it has overstepped the prescribed limits, and now joins the older parts of the town, which exhibit the narrow lanes, wretched cabins, and all the misery consequent on neglect, subletting, and unrestrained settlement. Kets, originally called, Kenlis, is a place of high antiquity. In 1156, the town, with all its sacred edi- fices, was destroyed by fire; and since its restoration in the following century, has been subjected to repeated confiscations and hostile incursions. Of the old religious houses scarcely a vestige remains. An ancient round tower and cross stand in the church-yard, and near them a small stone-roofed cell of great antiquity, called St. Columb Kill’s House. There is also an an- cient stone cross richly carved, in the centre of the town. In addition to the church, chapel, and sessions- house already noticed, we have to add the bridewell and fever hospital. At the weekly markets considerable quantities of produce are disposed of, though, in this respect, as well as in its retail trade, Kells is far inferior to ‘Navan. There is a small lace factory, at which about 100 girls are generally employed. It is pleasing to observe that of late some attention has been paid to the general im- provement of the town, and to the diffusion of education. Kells is a corporate town, and as such, enjoys con- siderable privileges. It is governed by a Sovereign and Burgesses, and the freedom ‘is obtained by special favor. The country around the town is pleasing, highly fertile, and comparatively well improved. ‘The seats are numerous, and, if we except the southern suburbs NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. Ove From Navan to Kells our road keeps generally along the right bank of the Blackwater, a small river which bears the surplus waters of Lough Ramor and several streamlets to the Boyne. At two miles, pass on the right, Rahaldron, the seat of A. Cruise, Esq.; and at three, Liscarton, Thomas Gerrard, Esq. To the right of the latter, and about a mile beyond the river, is the demesne of Randalstown, Colonel Everard ; and near it Gibstown, the rich and extensive pastoral demesne of John Gerrard, Esq. About a mile to the left of the road, and three from Navan, is Ardbraccan House, the diocesan seat of the Bishop of Meath. The mansion and demesne form one of the finest of the Episcopal residences, and close to it is the Glebe and Parish Church. Near Ardbraccan is Oatlands, the seat of B. Thompson, Esq. We now pass on the left, the partially wooded hill of Allanstown, which forms a very remarkable feature for many miles around—the hill is part of the demesne of the proprietor, J. N. Waller, Esq., which lies along its northern base.. Adjoining the latter is Ballybeg, the oldest and most extensive tree-nursery in the kingdom ; and Charlesfort, the seat of John Tisdall, Esq. At seven miles from Navan, we pass on the right, Blooms- bury, the residence of Joseph Barnwall, Esq.; and at nine miles reach Headfort, the magnificent demesne of the Marquess of Headtort, through which our road con- tinues to Kells. Headfort House is one of the largest of our domestic edifices. It is, however, a plain but very substantial structure. The demesne, though possessing little natural beauty, has, in its general appearance, a sur- passing grandeur, wholly arising from its extent, unity of character, and richness of verdure of the long and gently inclined planes into which the surface is naturally cast, and the disposition and preservation of the plantations. The grounds are beautified by the Blackwater, which, by artificial means, has been thrown into a pretty lake. There is something very imposing about the entrance to Kells. The spacious and well wooded avenues through which we pass—the wide street adorned with 380 NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. and occupied by a much poorer class of tenantry. Above all, the want of the old hedge-row timber will be sensibly felt. At seven miles we reach Lough Ramor, : and continue along its northern shores to Virginia. As we proceed, we obtain several good views of the lake, its small planted islands, and opposite gently rising shores. The improved estate of Mr. Scott of Fort Frederick, through which we pass, will strike the traveller fond of rural affairs. The small town of Virginia forms part of the large surrounding estate of the Marquess of Headfort; and the cheerful, neat, and orderly appearance,- which, com- paratively speaking, it presents, is wholly owing to his lordship’s liberality, aided by the exertions of his agent, the Rev. Robert Sargent. The Inn is considered the best in the whole line of road, and this induces many visitors in summer. A large weekly market is held, at which a good deal of business is done. The fairs are numerous, but the transactions are not heavy. Virginia is situated on the shores of Lough Ramor, and near the centre of the lake. The latter is of a semicircular form, about four English miles in length by one in breadth. Its surface is agreeably broken by various small islets, most of which are planted ; and its: outlines are in several places considerably varied. On the western end, the shores are beautified by the plan- tations of Lord Headfort’s fine Deer Park, which stretch for two miles around them, and connect with the im- | provements of Fort George, the residence of the Rev. John Rowley, Rector of the parish ; and also with the plantations of Fort Frederick, the beautifully situated demesne of Richard Scott, Esq. Eighter, the residence of the Rev. Robert Sargent, is a little beyond the latter and on the cross road leading to Oldcastle. Along the southern shores are several highly improved farms. Four miles from Virginia, on the old road leading to Cavan, is the small town of Ballyjamesduff. For the next ten miles, that is, from Virginia to the neighbourhood of Stradone, our road lies through a bleak unwooded country, varied only by the low hills, marshes, bogs, and flat vallies, into which the surface is NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 379 of Dublin, more grown hedge-row timber is to be seen than in any other district in the kingdom. North of the town, on the road leading to the picturesque village of Moynalty, is the Archdeaconry of Meath, the residence of the Venerable Thomas De Lacy ; and a little beyond it, Willmount, John Radcliff, Esq., and Williamstown, the Rev. Mr. Garnett. At two and a-half miles from Kells, on the same road, are the demesnes of Oakly Park and Maprath; at three Kingsfort, the seat of Richard Challoner, Esq., and near it Cherrymount, Philip Smyth, Esq. South of the town, on the road leading to Athboy, are Rockfield, the seat of Richard Rothwell, Esq., and Balrath, C. A. Nicholson, Esq. West, on the road leading to the village of Crossakeale, at two miles from the town, is Drumbaragh, Woodward, Esq. ; at two, Sylvan Park, W. Keating, Esq.; and at three, New Grove, H. O’Reilly, Esq. : The hill of Loyd, part of the corporate lands, which adjoins Kells on the west, is the great feature in this district. It is a beautifully shaped, fertile hill, rising to an elevation of 422 feet, and bearing on its summit a handsome pillar, upwards of 100 feet in height, erected by Thomas, first Earl of Bective. The ranger of the corporate grounds, who lives on the hill of Loyd, is entrusted by the Marquess of Headfort with the key of entrance to the pillar; and, from the lantern at the top, you command at your feet a view of all the country around Kells; and in clear weather, the outlines of the vast fertile plain, noticed at the commencement of this route, can be traced. The hill of Loyd itself, stands at the termination on this point of the plain, and is the first remarkable eminence in the country, which, from its base to the bay of Donegal, undulates in a succes- sion of hill and mountain of every shape and modifi- cation. Leaving Kells, by the northern base of the hill of Loyd, at one mile from the town, cross the Blackwater, and at five, enter the county of Cavan. The country now assumes a different aspect; the surface is more varied and rocky ; the soil inferior ; the farms smaller, 382 NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. Cavan contains the usual municipal and county offices; of the latter, the court-house and jail are striking, as well from their architectural character as from their relative situations. In the infirmary, fever hospital, church, chapel, endowed schools, &c., there appears nothing worthy of particular observation. We need scarcely add, that like all our towns, it contains its | ample quota of miserable dwellings and wretched in- habitants. In the weekly markets and fairs little com- paratively is done; the retail trade, however, exter ds over a considerable district. . The country around Cavan is singularly ro: fertile round hills spring up on every side, and the winding through the vallies give the wh ing, rural character. In whatever w is lamentable to see, with a very dé beautiful and fine tract of country “Cut up into § enclosures, without the least regard to ornamental ap- pearance or profitable culture. The little green hills are actually cut in pieces; and the wretched ditches lie in every direction, but that calculated to effect the drainage of the very wet and retentive subsoil. We cannot, how- ever, withhold our testimony to the great appearance of comfort and neatness which characterize every part of the Farnham estate. The lovers of natural and improved scenery, however, will find some amends for this general neglect, at Farn- ham and Kilmore, which lie a little west of the town, on the cross road leading thence to Crossdoney. Farnham,” the seat of Lord Farnham, is two miles distant, and justly ranks among the finest of our country residences. The beautiful grounds through which we drive from the above road, have, strictly speaking, more of the character of the English park, and the trees around the house, bespeak more care and length of years, than we usually meet with in our demesnes. The mansion is a plain, commodious structure. Those whohave seen Farnham only from the house or approaches, know but little of its extent, va- riety, and beauty. It branches out in many directions ; and embraces several of the little natural lakes, which form so remarkable a feature in this district, from their | | | NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 381 thrown. At five miles we pass The New Inn—at nine the hamlet of Lava strand, which is close to the small sheet of water called Lava lake, and where a road branches off to the contiguous village of Stradone. Among the numerous hills on the left, Slieve Glagh, rising to a height of 1050 feet, may be easily discerned. A little beyond Lava strand, we pass on the right, Stradone Demesne, the beautiful seat of Robert Bur- rowes, Esq. Clonervy, the demesne of R. B. Black- wood, Esq., is about two miles from Stradone, on the cross road leading hence to the small town of Ballyhaise. As we advance the country improves both in aspect and culture—the hills rise to a greater height and assume a deeper verdure ; and three miles from Stradone demesne we reach the environs of wp CAVAN the chief town of the County whose name it bears, situated in the centre of the richest tract of land in the country, and watered by one of the numerous streams which flow to the Erne. Like most of our towns it lays claim to remote antiquity ; and like them, also appears to have suffered from the havocs of the feudal wars: and so late as 1690 the greater part of the town was burnt by the Enniskilleners under the command of Wolsey, after defeating a body of the forces attached to James the Second. As a town, there is very little in the arrangement or style of the buildings to attract attention. It does not “contain a good street, and but very few good houses. It is, however, improving in these respects, particularly along the line of street adjacent to the new and com- modious Inn. In connexion with this part of the town we may notice the small garden laid out by the late Lady Farnham, and now maintained by Lord Farnham as a promenade for the inhabitants. Independent of the recreation, it was a part of her ladyship’s plan to induce a taste for gardening and botany, by having the grounds well kept, and a good collection of hardy plants properly arranged and named. This, so far, has been done. In common with all corporate and assize towns, 384 NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. Bishop Bedell was confined by the insurgents in 1641. The same description of hilly country which surrounds Cavan extends to Enniskillen; and, with some excep- tions around the gentlemen’s seats, the same neglect and wretched husbandry are manifested. True, it is, that these matters, as also the condition of the peasantry, are better than in many other parts of the kingdom; but still, there is great room for improvement. The small improving town of Ballyhaise is situated about three and a half miles north of the town of Cavan, on the banks of the Annalee river. There are exten- sive corn mills near the town, and the weekly market is considerable. Ballyhaise House, the seat of the pro- prietor, W. Humphreys, Esq., and the extensive plan- tations add much to the general appearance. Adjoining is Lisnagowan House. 7 | Resuming our route from Cavan to Enniskillen, at a mile and a-half from the town, we pass on the left Drumkeen, a pretty villa, romantically situated on one of the roads leading to Farnham; and at three miles reach the village of Butler’s-bridge. The village is situated on the banks of the Annalee river, one of the principal tributaries to the Erne, which it joins a few miles below the bridge: We soon pass Holleswood, J. C. Jones, Esq. on our left ; drive through Clover Hill, the improved demesne of James Saunderson, Esq. 3 two miles to the right of which, are the village and demesne + of Redhills, White, Esq. At eight miles from ® Cavan, we reach Castle Saunderson, the fine seat of Alexander Saunderson, Esq., where the road enters the eounty of Fermanagh. The mansion and grounds of Castle Saunderson have of late been much improved. They are watered by the Finn river, which forms several small lakes near the house, as it forces its way to Lough Erne through the low swampy plain. Crossing the Finn at the small hamlet of Wattle Bridge, our road for a considerable distance lies through a tract which is much broken by marsh and lake. About three miles from Wattle-bridge we meet the road which branches off on the left to Crum. Castle, the NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 383 number and the extent of surface which they occupy. Along their shores, and on the promontories formed by their inextricable windings, masses of the finest natural timber, in all their pristine vigour exist; they have been equally preserved with those in the demesne, and are connected with it by pleasing rural rides. These rides extend for many miles through this highly im- proved estate. In one direction, they reach to the fine woods of Killikeen, a distance of four miles, and where pee ome cottage was erected by the last Countess of Far Na tore, the diocesan house of the Bishop of Kilmore, ut midway between the town of Cavan and the of Crossdoney. The house is a modern sub- 2a The Cathedral, which is also the ery plain, ancient edifice. In 1641 the of the venerable Bishop Bedell were interred here. ° The mensal lands attached to the palace are extensive, and undulate beautifully, and from their natural fertility and superior culture, are remarkable for many miles around. Danesfort, the residence of the Dean of Kilmore, adjoins the Bishop’s demesne. The country immediately connected with Kilmore and Farnham exhibits a very well cultivated, and, at the same time, a pleasing, rural character. The sheets of water in their.vicinity, which are closely scattered over a surface of sixty square miles, by their labyrinthine . windings give to that space, the appearance of lake and ‘island in alternate series. These lakes, which are the principal feeders of the Erne, blend into each other, and are connected by small rivers. They are in many places very deep, and the insulated grounds rise boldly from the water’s edge. A considerable extent of natural wood is scattered along their shores, and on the narrow, bold promontories. All the insulated lands are fertile, and thickly inhabited; and the islanders, in transferring their cattle and produce from place to place, and to the main land, in their home-made cots, display great agility. On asmall island near Killikeen, one of the most beau- tiful of the above lakes, on the estate of Lord Farn- ham, are the ruins of Cloughoughter Castle, in which 386 No. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. reach the latter we pass on the right the hamlet of Donough, also Carrick and Hollybrook, the latter the residence of Colonel Dickson. The small town of Lisnaskea has been of late much improved under the direction of John Creighton, Esq., the heir and representative of the proprietor the Earl of Erne. It now contains several good houses, retail shops, and a comfortable Inn. Nuéfield, the residence of George Brooke, Esq., is about two miles north of the town. From Lisnaskea you may proceed either by Maguire’s Bridge or by Derrybrusk, where the roads reunite. Two and a-half miles from Lisnaskea is the village of Maguire’s Bridge, and on the cross road leading thence to Clogher; at two miles from the Bridge is the village of Brookborough ; at four, Colebrook, the fine seat of Sir Arthur Brooke, Bart., and at seven miles the village of Fivemiletown. At Colebrook there is a handsome modern mansion ; the grounds are highly improved and watered by the Colebrook river; and the large estate connected with this demesne bears evident marks of liberal and judicious improvement and of many years unremitting care. Near Colebrook is Greenhill, the residence of Hamilton Irvine, Esq. About four miles from Lisnaskea, on the left, as we proceed by Derrybrusk, the residence of John Deering, Ksq., is Belleisle, on which stood,the residence of the first Earl of Ross, but of which little now remains. Belle- isle, one of the largest of the islands on Upper Lough Erne, is situated at the northern extremity of that fine lake, and close to the point where the overflowing waters again assume the river character, and issue by the north- ern channel toward Enniskillen. Bell eisle was till lately covered with majestic trees—certainly among the largest in the kingdom—and still some remnan ts of them as well as the drives through this delightfully situated place can be traced. For three miles above Belleisle the Lough is about three miles in breadth—making an unbroken sheet of water of nine square miles—it is less broken than that part which we have noticed in connexion with NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 385 seat of the Earl of Erne; and on the right, to the vil- lage of Newtownbutler—the latter lying about a mile from the road. The modern and splendid castle of Crum is situated at the head of a narrow promontory, formed by that extraordinary maze of waters which compose the head of Upper Lough Erne. The promontory, which prin- cipally constitutes the demesne, is covered with fine timber, chiefly indigenous, as are also many of the islets connected with it. The ruins of the old castle of Crum are in the grounds; and besides several gigantic oak and ash trees, there is a most extraordinary spreading aged yew. This demesne in its general character resembles the wooded islets and promontories con- nected with Farnham, which we faintly sketched; and what is of far more importance, the comparison may also be carried on in the moral aspect and con- dition of the tenantry, as well as in the general im- provement of the estate. From a little above Crum Castle, where the Erne loses the river character, till it joins the head of the larger body of the Upper Lough, a distance of six miles; the waters from the nature of the surface spread over a great extent of country, assuming the most fantastic and intricate outlines. It is only those who have sailed through this labyrinth of little lakes, or have traversed their shores, can form a correct idea of their devious windings—their endlessly varied creeks and bays—or the numerous pretty islets they contain. Among the latter some are wholly wooded, others in tillage—but generally speak- ing, the larger are inhabited; and it adds not a little to the interest of the scenery, to see the peasantry who are located on the islands or along the shores of the main land, rowing their little home-made skiffs over the smooth ‘waters from isle to isle, or from shore to shore, at which men and women, young and old, are equally expert. From where the approach branches off to Crum Castle _ till we reach the town of Lisnaskea, the country main- tains its regularly hilly character; our road winding along the narrow intervening valleys, and before we 2c 388 NO XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. lower lake; and it is hoped, that when the upper lake is connected with Lough Neagh by the Ulster Canal, the business of the town will be greatly encreased. Its municipal buildings, in which there is nothing very remarkable, are those common to assize towns; and its county and town hospitals are merely those which the law requires. There is a large Infantry barrack—a small Artillery barrack, and two small Forts—one at either end of the town. The places of public worship are those common to the larger Ulster towns, including the Presbyterian Meeting-house. There are several public and private schools, and the Royal school founded by Charles the First, is one of the most richly endowed in the kingdom. It occupies a conspi- cuous site in the vicinity of the town. The environs of Enniskillen are very interesting, as well from the naturally rich and beautifully broken cha- racter of the country, as from its comparative improve- ment. The waters of the Erne in progressing from the upper to the lower lake, generally speaking, flow through a low boggy tract, which is occasionally diversified by verdant slope and wooded knoll. From the hill oppo- site the Gaol a good view of the town and surrounding country is readily obtained. Three miles south of the town, on the road leading to Swanlinbar, is Skea, the residence of Geo. Hassard, Esq.; close to it Fairwood Park, Mr. Nixon; and at seven miles Florencecourt, the seat of the Earl of Enniskillen. This large demesne is situated on the northern slopes of the Dowbally mountains; and its great extent of wood, elevated site, and spacious man- sion, give it a fine baronial character. Adjoining the demesne is the Post-office, church, and small straggling hamlet of Florencecourt. Two miles from Enniskillen on the road leading to Ballyshannon, by the southern’ shores of the Lough, is Devenish, the first and most important of the numerous islands on the lower Lough. It comprises about 70 Trish acres, and contains some interesting ecclesiastical remains, viz—one of the most perfect of the ancient round towers, and the greatly dilapidated ruins .of a NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 387 Crum Castle; and the islands which are more nume- rous are smaller. The shores, however, are highly diversified, and in many parts are romantic and pleas- ing. ahs we proceed from the village of Maguire’s Bridge to Enniskillen we cross the Colebrook river in its pro- gress to Lough Erne, and soon after the Tempo stream, leaving the small, improving town of Lisbellaw a little to the right. Beyond this, on the cross road lead- ing to Fintona and Omagh, is Snowhill, the residence of James Douglass Johnston, Esq.; and at four miles from Lisbellaw, the village and house of Tempo, James Emer- son Tennant, Esq. M.P. Three miles from Derrybrusk demesne we reach Custle- coole, the magnificent seat of the Earl of Belmore. The mansion ranks as the finest private Grecian edifice in the kingdom. The offices and garden are equally extensive ; and the demesne in its area, surface, and woods, main- tains the splendid character of the place. A little to the left of the demesne on the banks of the Erne, are Bellville and the ruins of Lisgoul Abbey. Attached to the latter is the residence of M. Jones, Esq. From Toppit hill, which is about two miles from the demesne, a good view of the grounds, the lakes, hills, and surrounding country is obtained. On clearing the plantations of Castlecoole through which our road lay for the last two miles, we reach the environs of ENNISKILLEN, the chief town of Fermanagh, returning a member to the Imperial Parliament, and the most important in the north-west district of the kingdom. It is situated on an elevated island formed by the branching of the river Erne in its progress from the upper to the lower lake. Though it cannot boast of high antiquity, being wholly built since 1613, it may fairly claim what is of far more immediate importance—a comparatively well built, well arranged, and well governed town—a steady retail trade, and many respectable inhabitants. At present, even by the imperfect navigation of Lough Erne, timber, coals, and other sea-borne commodities are conveyed by barges, from Beleek, a small town at the foot of the 390 NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. above Crum Castle, the seat of the Earl of Erne, and to extend to Belleisle, the seat of the former Earls of Rosse, a distance of eight miles—the breadth is ex- tremely variable. The area, however, contains nine thousand statute acres. The outline of the upper lake is very intricate—in fact perplexing, from the undulating nature of its boundaries and the numerous islets it embraces—the latter amounting to no less than ninety, many of them however very small. Though the shores of this lake are in some places tame and . marshy, they exhibit in many parts much beauty and considerable grandeur of appearance. From Belleisle to a little below Enniskillen, a distance of eight miles following the meanderings, the waters again assume the broad river character. There they expand into the lower and larger lake. This lake, which has been termed by Mr. Inglis the Winandermere of Ireland, stretches westerly from the neighbourhood of Ennis- killen to Rosscor House, a distance of fifteen miles ; its greatest breadth five miles, and least two. It contains near 28,000 statute acres, and embraces 109 islets— many of them small and of trifling importance—one of them, however, Boa Island, near the northern extremity of the lake, contains 1300 statute acres. Though there is nothing very sublime in the scenery as connected with Lough Erne, there is much to be admired in many parts of its extensive and winding shores. Whether we traverse its circumference or sail along its quiet waters, which are broken into endless pleasing forms by the wooded and pastoral islands scattered throughout its broad expanse, we are charmed with the views:—the receding still coves and smooth shallow bays which its outlines present ; the sloping lawns, wooded promontories, sequestered knolls, cultured leas, and various seats which follow along its banks entitle us, if not to rank it with Mr. Inglis as “the most beautiful lake in the three kingdoms,” at least to assign it a high place in the scenery of Ireland. In conclusion, we may add that its beauty would be im- proved by additional planting and reclamation along its shores more than any of our lakes. At Rosscor the waters of the Erne again assume the NO. XCVII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 389 priory and abbey. From the tower of the latter which is easy of ascent, the traveller can readily command a view of the upper part of the lake, the adjoining islands, and the more remarkable features along the broken and highly-varied shores. A little below Devenish are the remains of the demesne of Castle Hume, now incorporated with Ely Lodge, the seat of the Marquis of Ely. The latter demesne which is about four miles from the town of Enniskillen, em- braces several of the beautifully wooded islets clus- tered about the head of the lake. Ely Lodge, which is a small handsome building, is situated on one of the larger islands, and is approached by a causeway and bridge from the main. The vast sheet of water which is so agreeably broken and varied by the lovely wooded islets, the great extent of holly which consti- tutes so large a portion of the natural copse skirting the left shores of the lake for several miles, together with the natural disposition of the grounds, render Ely Lodge certainly the most unique, if not the most beautiful of all our summer residences. In the vicinity are several neat villas, and the country immediately around presents a broken and pleasing rural character. Near this is Graan, the residence of Adam Nixon, Esq. ; and in the hilly country about two miles to the right, on the banks of the Sillies river, is Hall Crag, Mr. Weir. It is very remarkable that such large, important, varied, and interesting sheets of water as Loughs Erne, should be so little known, even to the natives of Ire- land. In the hope, therefore, of placing these loughs in their proper point of view, we shall give a brief descrip- tion in connexion with the town of Enniskillen, which, as we have before observed, is situated on an island formed by their waters, about mid-way between the upper and lower lakes; and we may add, is the best place for those stopping at who wish to become acquainted with their localities, and where also boats can be readily obtained for that purpose. About four miles below Belturbet the waters of the Erne assume the lake character; but, strictly speak- ing, the upper lake may be said to commence a little 392 NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. Priory. To the right on the banks of the Boyne, is the villa of Newtown, and below it Rathnally, the seat of John Thomson, Esq. Here the Boyne receives the Boysetown and another nameless stream, and here also commences the interesting part of the river. It increases in beauty and attraction downward; upward it is otherwise, as it there runs generally through a flat, low, marshy country. On the left, near the road, is Adamstown, G. Blackburne, Esq.; and about a mile and a-half from the road on the same side, and lying together, are Knights-brook, Westby Percival, Esq. ; Rock-lodge, Thos. Disney, Esq., and Frefans. Wm. Battersby, Esq. Near Knightsbrook is the Rectory of Laracor, of which Dean Swift was Incumbent; also a fragment of “ Stella’s” house. Our road now continues along the fertile banks of the Boyne till we reach TRIM, the county town of Meath, a place of very consider- able antiquity, as the ruined buildings around _ it abundantly testify. Its history exhibits little else than a succession of burnings and sackings from 1108, when it is stated to have been taken and burned by the Irish Chieftain Connor O’Melaghlin, till 1649 when it surrendered to Oliver Cromwell. Parliaments were occasionally held here; and at various periods the Lord Lieutenants..resided in King John’s Castle. The ruins of this Castle are a very striking object, from their extent, architectural character, and ele- vated site on the banks of the Boyne. It was erected by the English shortly after their first invasion of this country, and appears to have been by far the largest, finest, and most important of the numerous places of defence which they erected within the Pale. On the opposite side of the river are the ruins of a very ancient and extensive Abbey—this was garrisoned against Cromwell and destroyed by his troops. Opposite to King John’s Castle is the new county prison, a spacious and very remarkable building, as well from its plan as from its extent and situation, presenting a striking contrast to the ruins of the large feudal castle of the NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 391 river character, and roll in increased volume through bold banks and over several rapids to the sea at Bally- shannon, a distance of seven miles. The various other and important matters connected with’ Lough Erne—its rivers and its banks, will be noticed under their respective localities in the course of our itinerary. No. XCVIII—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. SECOND ROAD, BY TRIM, ATHBOY, OLDCASTLE, AND KILLESHANDRA. Blaek Bull, as in No. XCVII. 10 | Killeshandra . - 63/61 Trim seme hae . 123|223),Bawnboy. .~ ¢ . &3/692 Athboy . 3 ° e - 6 |28:)\Swanlinbar . . - 5 (742 Old Castle . . . - 18 }413}|\Cross roads near Florence- Mount Nugent . . - 5 (463]| court . . : . 32178 Ballinanagh . . . « 83543"IEnniskillen . . . 5/33 Aone this line which branches off the preceding at the Blackbull, the public coaches run only to Kille- shandra, from whence conveyances can be hired. This, however, together with the bad roads, is attended with considerable trouble, and very few proceed by this line to Enniskillen ; but it is the principal road to Killeshan- dra and the intermediate towns. The road lies through arich, interesting, and tolerably well cultivated tract of country, at least as far as Oldcastle. Trim, the county town of Meath, is the only one.of any importance passed through. As we proceed through the naturally rich but imper- fectly cultivated country, we pass at five miles from the Blackbull on the left, Culmullen; at nine, also on the same side, Galtrim, J. Fox, Esq. Opposite to the latter, on the right, on one of the numerous cross roads branch- ing off to Navan, and within one mile of our line, is the demesne of Kilcarty ; and at two miles, the village of Kilmessin and the old demesne of Swainstown, the Rev. J. Preston. Within two miles of Trim we meet the Boyne, where the scenery becomes much more interesting. Close to the road on the river banks are the ruins of Scurlockstown Castle, and a little farther the ruins of an Augustinian 394 NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. fortable farm houses and good husbandry cannot fail to attract the attention of the traveller, and make some amends for the flat and featureless country. Passing Mitchelstown House, F. Hopkins, Esq. on the right, and Ballyfallon, J. Martley, Esq. on the left, we soon reach the small town of ATHBOY, principally consisting of one long street, and watered by a stream called the Athboy river, which falls into the Boyne a short distance below the town. Athboy Lodge, Sir Francis Hopkins, Bart., and Danson’s Court, adjoin the town. There are large cattle fairs held here, and the weekly markets are well attended. The town forms part of the estate of the Earl of Darnley, who supports a large school and a small widow’s alms house. A little to the north of the town, the Hill of Ward, which rises 400 feet, is an object in the flat country. Near the town on the cross road leading to Kinnegad, are Frayne, W. Hopkins, Esq.; Grenanstown, P. Barnewall, Esq., and Causestown. To the south of the above villas, the country, for a considerable distance, is flat, boggy, and uninteresting. On leaving Athboy we skirt the borders of the county of Westmeath, and soon reach Drewstown, the seat of F. M‘Veigh, Esq., and Triermore, T. Rotheram, Esq. adjoining which is Johnsbrook, J. Johnston, Esq. A little to the left of Drewstown is Killua Castle, the fine residence of Sir M. L. Chapman Bart. The mansion is a handsome modern castle, and the grounds are ex- tensive, varied, and well planted. This demesne is close to the small town of Clonmellon. About a mile from Drewstown we pass Milltown, Kearney, Esq. on our left; and at four reach Clonebrany, the seat of W. B. Wade, Esq. To the right of this demesne is Belleview, the residence of Captain Daniel. A little to the east of Clonebrany, on the summit of the hill, is the village of Crossakiel. The surface of the country now becomes much more varied, and the hills rise to a considerable elevation. We pass the villas of Fir-park, Hamlinstown, and Bobsville, and at two miles from Clonebrany and ten NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 393 olden time. The County Court-house is a good struc- ture; the other municipal offices, hospitals, schools, church, chapel, &c. common to country towns, are not remarkable. On, the rising ground near the Infantry Barrack, a handsome pillar was erected by subscription in commemoration of the military achievements of the Duke of Wellington, and surmounted by a statue of His Grace. Although the county town, Trim is a place of little importance—it carries on no trade ; nor is it even a place of great thoroughfare. At the weekly markets, however, a good deal of the produce of the rich sur- rounding district is disposed of. The country around is very fertile, in many places beautiful, and compara- tively well cultivated. Dangan is three miles north of the town, on the cross road leading to Summerhill, we notice it merely as the site of the demesne of the Earl of Mornington, father of the Marquess of Wellesley and the Duke of Wellington, and as the birth-place of the illustrious Duke; but except the remains of two small pillars which crown the summits of the two verdant hills, not a vestige remains of the place. Ginnet’s house, adjoins the lands of Dangan. Among the numerous farm villas in the fertile country west of ‘Trim we may notice Roris- town, C. Drake, Esq.; Boyne Lodge, Harcourt Lodge, Lodge Brook, Foxbrook, and Doolistown. About six miles, on the road leading from Trim to Mullingar, and near the margin of that great boggy district which occupies so much of the eastern part of Westmeath, is the village of Balivor, part of the large and improving estate of the Earl of Darnley. Tullaghard, S. Winter, Esq., lies a little to the north of Trim near. the road leading to Kells. As we proceed to Athboy, we pass on the banks of the Boyne, Trimlestown, the old seat of The Viscount Trimlestown, near it Newhaggard, C. Nangle, Esq. ; and on the left Kilbride and Meadstown, Barnwall, Esq. At four miles we reach Clifton Lodge, the seat of the Earl of Darnley. The surrounding estates, particularly the large tract of fine land, possessed by the Earl of Darnley, have been highly improved and the com- 396 NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. prietor, Lord Farnham. Arley Cottage, his occasional residence, and the planted grounds connected with it which stretch along the shores of the lake, present a good specimen of this style of demesne ; and the im- proved condition of the people and farms around afford a proof of the virtues and patriotism of the noble pro- prietor. Adjoining Arley are Crover, Fortland,. Tara, Kilnahard, and Summerville cottages. . On the’southern shores of the lake is Ross, the seat of William Thomp- son, Esq.; and near it a remarkably fine limestone quarry which afforded the beautiful cut stone for Lough Crew House. Church Island, which is a mere spot, with its prostrate ruins, and Derry Sheridan, are the only islands on the lake. On one of the small insulated rocks near the eastern shores, are the ruins of Crover Castle. Lough Sheelin affords excellent sport to the angler. It is the source of the river Inny, which steals through the dull swamps lying around the eastern. shores of the lake. The Inny passing the wretched village of Finea on the one side and Kilgolagh on the other, ex- pands at one mile from Lough Sheelin into the small Lough Kinnail, and thence forces its. way through an uninteresting tract of deep flow bog to the large and beautiful Lough of Derevaragh. Boats pass along the greater part of this sluggish river, and from the soft, level nature of its bed, it could easily be rendered navigable along its whole course. On entering the county of Cavan, the traveller will soon perceive the singularly varied surface—the bog and marsh mingling and alternating with the little round green hills, and the small enclosures and wretched cottages, as compared with several of the adjoining parts of Meath. A mile to the right of the village of Mountnugent is Kilnacrot the residence of Pierce Morton, Esq. 3 and at four miles the small town of Ballyjamesduff. As we proceed we pass at two miles from Mountnugent, on the right, Drumroragh, another seat of Mr. Morton’s; and pursuing our way through the bleak and uninte- resting country in which we meet the poor village of Kilnaleck and Kill House—the latter a small place near the little lough of Corglass. At nine miles from NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 395 from Athboy, reach Lough Crew, the magnificent seat of J. L. W. Naper, Esq., situated near the centre of the hilly district which forms so remarkable a fea- ture in the country, and strikes the traveller so forci- bly after the flat country lying between it and Dublin. The bold and finely varied surface contradistinguishes this demesne from the numerous seats in the adjoining parts of Meath and West Meath; and these fortuitous circumstances have been appreciated by the munificent proprietor. The splendid modern Grecian mansion, from designs by Cockerell of London, is situated on a fine natural terrace, and commands good views of many of the rising plantations which sweep around the adja- cent hills. On clearing the beautiful and highly im- proved grounds of Lough Crew, through which our road runs for two miles, we soon reach the small town of OLDCASTLE, the most remarkable feature in which is the handsome endowed schools for children of all persuasions. There is a comfortable Inn and good posting establishment which will be found useful to those visiting the lakes and interesting country in the vicinity. So far as the estates of Mr. Naper extend around the town, the agri- culture is ina very improving state ; nor has his example been altogether unavailing. Crossdrum, the handsome residence of E. Rotheram, Esq., and Beltrasna, the beautifully situated seat of James O’Reilly, Esq., lie a little to the south of the town, on the cross road lead- ing to Castlepollard; and not far from Beltrasna is Hilltown, the residence of John Webb, Esq. A little to the north near the cross road leading to Virginia is Newcastle Demesne, Thomas Battersby, Esq. On leaving Oldcastle we pass at one mile Caséle Cor, W. Webb, Esq., at two enter the county of Cavan, pass Roebuck, Mr. Lynch, and Bobsgrove, the seat of C. E. I. Nugent, Esq.; and at five miles reach the vil- lage of Mountnugent. A little to the south of this village is Lough Sheelin. This beautiful sheet of water is about four miles long and two broad, and its northern shores have been much improved and greatly adorned by the principal pro- 398 NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. Castle Hamilton, the demesne of R. H. Southwell, Esq., adjoins the town, and is encompassed by the beautiful little loughs of Croghan, in addition to the natural lakes it contains within its bounds, and which _ form no part of the external scenery. The situation of this demesne is very striking, and the grounds in many places, particularly along the naturally wooded peninsula of Gartinoul, exhibit in a picturesque point of view the happiest combinations of wood and water. Castle Hamil- ton is capable of being rendered one of the most beautiful of all our country residences. About three miles from the town, on the cross road leading to Mohill, is Killegar, the seat of John God- ley, Esq. This handsome place is romantically situated between Laheen and Glass-house Lakes, (two of the long chain of small loughs which are fed by the Cro- ghan river,) adjoining Lord Farnham’s fine wood of Dunaweel. At five miles also on the same road is the village of Carrigallen, and close to it are Drumsillagh, Irwin, Esq., and Cloonecorick, the residence of Pierce Simpson, Esq. On the road leading to Belturbet, near the hamlet of Milltown, and about three miles from Killeshandra, is Miwon Lodge, the residence of H. S. Nixon, Esq. Six miles from the town, on the cross road leading to Longford, and within two miles of the shores of Lough Gouna, is the village of Arva. At the same distance, but in a contrary direction— on the road leading to Ballinamore, is Woodford, the site of one of the ancient seats of the Gore family ; and near, it Garadice, Alexander Percy, Esq. The re- mains of this demesne are situated on a small lake which takes the name of the place. Proceeding to Enniskillen we pass at one mile from Killeshandra, Croghan and Aubaun; at two Makin ; at four Greenville, Perrot Thornton, Esq., near which are Ardlocher Cottage, Berrymount House, Cara Cottage, Ballyhugh House, and Sandymount; at five cross the Woodford river, leaving at about two miles to the right the small town of Ballyconnell, which is romantically situated at the base of Slieve Russell. Close to the town on the banks of the Woodford river, which falls into Lough Erne near the town of Belturbet, NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 397 Mountnugent we reach the small town of Ballinanagh, a mile and a-half from which is the village of Crossdoney. The vicinage of this place, which is very beautiful, forms part of the fine district of Kilmore and Farnham, noticed in connexion with the town of Cavan. Among the numerous villas around Crossdoney we may notice Lismore Castle, Major Nesbitt ; Lisnamandra, G. L’Es- trange, Esq.; The Rocks, John Tatlow, Esq.; Belleville, Captain Fleming; Castle Cosby, Mr. Whitethorn ; Bing- field, Drumearbin, Mr. Booth; Drumhiel, Mr. Bell, the latter lying a little to the right of Ballinanagh. Our road from Crossdoney to Killeshandra lies near the western shores of Lough Oughter, the waters of which are broken and diversified in a most extraordinary manner by deep projecting wooded promontories, bold headlands, and large fertile islands. Lough Oughter forms a part of that vast and intricate chain of lakes which occupy so large a portion of the central part of the county of Cavan, and which we glanced at in our brief description of Kilmore and Farnham. In the un- dulating country west of Crossdoney, Bruce Hill forms a remarkable feature. A mile from Crossdoney we cross the infant Erne, one of the principal feeders of the above lake, and which gives name to the vast accumulation of waters which flow onward. Here it is an unimportant stream, only bearing along the surplus of the beautiful and little known Lough Gouna. We pass at two miles on the left Lakeview, Richard Young, Esq., and Gartinardrass ; at three Zahard, Rev. Dr. Martin; and at five miles reach Killeshandra. This small town is romantically situated on a gently elevated ridge, and surrounded by a chain of lovely lakes which are fed by the Croghan rivulet, and which discharge their overflowing waters into Lough Oughter. It carries on little trade; but at the weekly markets a good deal of agricultural produce and coarse linens are disposed of. It contains good schools, a small sessions- house, church, chapel, Methodist and Presbyterian Meeting houses. The surface around is naturally beau- tiful, but greatly defaced by the numerous divisional ditches, wretched cabins, and bad culture. 400 No. XCIX.—DUBLIN TO GRANARD. BY ATHBOY AND CASTLEPOLLARD. Athboy, as in No. XCVIII. = 282 Castletowndelvin A . - 62) 35 Drumcree 5) are eR errs 4 is SP Castlepollard 4 oho ey aia pies Granard . . Ss : - 10 | 532 Tue towns lying between Athboy and Granard are of little importance—nor is the country, generally speak- ing, interesting. Granard, however, is one of the best market towns in Leinster, and well appointed stage coaches run regularly between it and the Metropolis. Leaving Athboy we pass G'renanstown, noticed in our last, and at two miles enter the county of Westmeath. The country onward is much inferior to that lying be- tween Athboy and Dublin, and is greatly broken with large tracts of bog and low swamp. We leave Ballinlough, the seat of Sir James Nugent, Bart. about two miles to the right; and at six miles from Athboy reach the demesne of Mitchelstown, George Hynes, Esq., adjoining Clonyn, the seat of the Marquess of Westmeath. The plantations of these places, stretch around the village of Castletowndelvin, which our road leaves a little to the left. To the right of Witchelstown is Rosmead, the handsome seat of H. W. Wood, Esq. About two miles from Castletowndelvin, and a short distance off the road leading from that village to Mullin- gar, is Rockview, and near it Bracklin, the highly im- proved seats of T. and R. Fetherstone Haugh, Esqrs.; Dysart, the seat of N. Ogle, Esq. lies about the same distance from the village; at three miles Reynella, the handsome seat of Reynell, Esq.; and at five, Killyon, the residence of R. W. Reynell, Esq. On passing the plantations of Clonyn we soon reach “the hamlet of Drumcree, which is surrounded by the plantations connected with Drumcree, the seat of Robt. Smyth, Esq.; Derry Cottage, the residence of Mrs. Berry ; and Aalphsdale, Ralph Smyth, Esq. These de- mesnes joining each other improve much the appearance of this bleak and boggy part of the country. NO. XCVIII.—DUBLIN TO ENNISKILLEN. 399 is the demesne of Ballyconnell, the seat of W. H. Enery, Esq. - The mountain of Slieve Russel, or, as it is termed in the Ordnance Survey, Ligavregra, rises to a height of 1300 feet and forms a remarkable feature in the district. Roads which are nearly equidistant run round either base—that on the northern side keeps near the southern shores of upper Lough Erne by Callow Hill; the other line runs under the south side of the mountain, passing Lessanover, the small lake and church of Templeport, the hamlet and demesne of Bawnboy, Hassard, Esgq., and through the town of Swanlinbar. These lines meet at the cross roads of Florencecourt. Swanlinbar, which is watered by the Clodagh river, is romantically situated on the confines of the counties of Cavan and Fermanagh, between the mountains of Slieve Russell and Cratty ; and not many years ago was a place of considerable resort on account of its Chaly- beate Spa. It contains a Roman Catholic Chapel, Church, and Methodist Meeting-house. The country around is wild and romantic, but it im- proves much in culture as we approach the cross roads of Florencecourt. We have already noticed this fine demesne in the preceding road. Half a mile from the cross roads we meet the Arney river which bears the waters of upper and lower Macnean to the Erne, and soon reach the demesnes of Skea and Fairwood Park, also noticed in the preceding road in the description of the environs of Enniskillen. On clearing the plantations of the above demesnes we cross the Sillies river another of the Erne’s tribu- taries ; and from several places along the remainder of our way, Enniskillen is seen in its best points of view. The grey walls, towers, and bastions of the town, which cover the undulating ridge rising over the broad river Erne, together with the fine country around, produce a pleasing and picturesque scene. 402 NO. XCIX.—DUBLIN TO GRANARD. _ remarkably neat parish church. The surrounding plantations of Kinturk add much to the appearance of the town. Bennisson Ledge lies a little to the east. As we proceed from Castle Pollard to Granard we reach, at a mile from the former, Pakenham Hall, the fine seat of the Earl of Longford. It is the only man- sion in the country which contains any thing like “ The Hali” in its internal arrangements... The demesne, which is kept in the highest order, reaches across to Lough Derevaragh, where it joins Coolure, the seat of Col. Connolly, M.P., which also stretches along the shores of the lake. The comfortable cottages con- nected with the demesne of Pakenham Hall, which are scattered along the public roads, will strike the traveller, and evince the kindness and liberality shown by this noble family to all whom they employ. Turbotstown, the seat of Gerald Dease, Esq. is passed on the right, and our road runs through a part of the small village of Cool. Two miles beyond this village we meet the river Inny forcing its reluctant way from Lough Shee- lin to Lough Derevaragh through the deep and dreary bogs by which we are here surrounded. Among the hills of Mullochmeen and Mullochmore on the right, which stretch towards the shores of Lough Sheelin and form so remarkable a feature in the bleak and boggy plains around, are the remains of Carlanstown House, the seat of the ancestors of the Duke of Buckingham. It is pleasing to observe that of late years his Grace’s attention has been directed to the improvement of his estates in this part of the country. On crossing the Inny at Cammagh-bridge, we enter the county of Longford; at two miles and a-half from the bridge we reach the small demesne of Fernsborough, and the village of Abbeylara—the ruins of the small Abbey are in the village; and at four and a half GRANARD. This small town has not improved in proportion to the advantages it enjoys from its central situation, its distance from other towns of importance, and the large weekly markets for agricultural produce held in it. It contains, however, two Inns where post horses can NO. XCIX.—DUBLIN TO GRANARD. ~ 401 A little beyond Drumcree is the village of Collinstown, and close on the left, Barbavilla, the seat of W. B. Smythe, Esq. About two miles to the right of Collins- town, and lying between the low hills of Carrick and Ballinclough, is the small Lough Bawn, and near it, Archerstown, R. Reynell, Esq. There are few parts in this district so beautiful and romantic as the country on either side of the road from Collinstown to Castle-Pollard. On the left, the little, round green hills form a striking contrast with the flat boggy country just travelled through. They run . southerly with some slight intermission to the head of Lough Derevaragh, and link in with the more lofty Knock Ion, which presides over the most interesting part of that fine sheet of water. On the summit of these hills is the conspicuous mound called Tergatious’ Fort. To the right, close to the road, is Lough Lane, about two miles long by one and a-half broad ; and, for its extent, the loveliest of the numerous lakes in West- meath. On the north side of the fertile hill which bounds Lough Lane, lies the poor but romantically situated village of Fowre. The ruins of its ancient abbey and monastery, and the remains of the gates and wall which once enclosed the village, testify its former importance. A subterraneous stream from Lough Lane turns a small mill in the village just as it issues from the rock, and a rude mausoleum marks the resting place of the noble family of Nugent. This lonely village is situated at the head of a valley which is characterised by the cliffy hill called The Ben of Fowre; and near the lower end of the vale is the small reedy Lough Glore, well known to anglers. . On the southern shores of Lough Lane, along which our road lies, is the small and beautifully situated villa of Lough Park. It is part of the estate and may be considered as an adjunct to Kinturk, the fine seat of W.D. Pollard, Esq. which stretches from it and sur- rounds the small town of CASTLE-POLLARD, containing an Inn, posting establishment, and a 2D 404 NO. C.—DUBLIN TO SUMMERHILL, ETC. road from Granard to the latter town. Ten miles from Granard, in the wild, bleak district lying north-west of the town, is the village of Ballinamuck, where the French, under General Humbert, surrendered in 1798. The Moat of Granard, which is 593 feet in height above the sea, is one of the most.remarkable features in this part of the country, and marks out the site of the town for many miles around. It rises boldly over the town at the western end of the main street, and contains on its summit the remains of what are called a Danish encampment. We would recommend the tra- veller if the sky is clear to ascend the Moat, which he will accomplish in a few minutes, from whence he can form a correct idea of the topography of the circum- jacent country. The lakes Gouna, Sheelin, Kennail, Glore, Derevaragh, and Iron, can all be traced; as also the different hills and high grounds which diversify the flat surface for many miles around. We know of no elevation so easy of ascent, from whence so much can be seen as from the Moat of Granard. No. C—DUBLIN TO SUMMER-HILL AND MULLINGAR. Miles. Dunboyne, ‘ : sane c 8 Summerhill, . . Z re eas 10 | 18 Ballivor, . 3 S 3 Fs 6 hi Cay Killucan, a : . : : 7 | 34 Mullingar, . ABA : ° 62] 402 Tuts is the general road to Summerhill, but not to Mullingar. At present no public conveyances travel beyond Ballivor, but post horses can be obtained there, and at Killucan. We introduce the extension of the road from Summerhill, to enable us to notice the intervening country, at the same time recommending No. LXXXIV. as the general road to Mullingar We branch off the great north-west line No. XCVII. at eight miles from Dublin, and soon reach the village of Dunboyne, which, together with the seats in its vicinity we have noticed, in connexion with the above NO. XCIX.—DUBLIN TO GRANARD. 403 be hired, and several good houses have lately been ‘built.—In the town and surrounding country a good deal of coarse linen is still manufactured. It is to be regretted that a place so well circumstanced as Granard for carrying on an extensive inland trade, should be so long neglected. About four miles from Granard, on the cross road leading to Killeshandra, is Lough Gouna, the head of the river Erne, and though least known—the most beautiful of the Leinster lakes. It is about five miles in length, but very variable in breadth. Its ex- traordinary sinuous shores and long projecting headlands give it more intricacy of outline and a higher degree of picturesque beauty than we meet with in the generality of our smaller lakes. On the eastern shores of the lake is H’rnehead, John Dopping, Esq. ; and opposite to it is the small island of Inchmore, containing some uninteresting church ruins. At the head of the lake is Frankfort; and on a beau- tiful promontory a little lower is Woodville, the cottage of Mr. Lambart. The small village of Scrabby is on its north-east shores ; and the road running from it to Longford passes along the centre of the lake by Derna- first bridge, which is thrown across a narrow strait. On the northwest shores of the lake, among many other in- teresting points, are Cornadrung and Rossduff. From the summit of Crot-hill, near the latter, a good view is obtained of this singularly varied and beautiful lake. The small village of Scrabby, together with the greater part of Lough Gouna, is in the county of Cavan 3 and about three miles north from Scrabby, also in Cavan, is the village of Arva encircled by its small lakes, which have been planted around by the noble proprietor the Earl of Gosford The villages of Arva and Scrabby which we noticed with the town of Killeshandra, are better reached from Dublin by Ballinanagh. On the road from Granard to Longford by Ballinalee, is Clonfin, the residence of John Thompson, Esq., to- gether with Tully and Kilshruly, noticed in connexion with Edgeworthstown. Lissryan, Webb, Esq., and Mossvale Barber, Esq., lie a little off the 406 NO. CI.—DUBLIN TO BAILYBOROUGH. which the road enters the county of Westmeath. A fertile and improved district succeeds, in which we pass on the right, Grange, Ed. Briscoe, Esq. Lisnabin, the handsome residence of Purdon, Esq. and Clon- lost, the well-wooded demesne of Nugent, Esq. These places lie a little to the right of the pleasantly situated village of Killucan, where the traveller will meet a comfortable Inn, and good post horses. A few miles beyond this village we join the principal road from Dublin to Mullingar. No. CI—DUBLIN TO BAILYBOROUGH BY KELLS AND MOYNALTY. Kells, asin No. XCVII. 31 Moynalty, ‘ C . 33/342 Bailyborough, 8 }422 Tue small town of Bailyborough is often reached by Virginia; but the nearest road is by Kells and Moy- nalty. The public coaches go no nearer to Bailybo- rough than Virginia or Kells; but good conveyances can be obtained at both of these towns. At Kells, the neighbourhood of which we have no- ticed in No. XCVII., our road branches off to Moy- nalty. Those, however, who are travelling in private conveyances, may save two miles by turning off the Dublin road on the east side of Headfort demesne. Moynalty, which is pleasantly situated on the Owenroe river, one of the tributaries to the Blackwater, presents a striking contrast to the generality of our villages. The handsome cottages, the chapel and ‘clergyman’s house, have been built, and the surrounding plantations and improvements effected within these few years by the proprietor, John Farrell, Esq. whose neat villa is in the upper end of the village. The villas of West- land, Donore, Walterstown, and Petersville, adjoin Moy- nalty; and the country around is fertile, well cultiva- ted, and beautifully varied. From a few miles beyond Moynalty to Bailyborough, the country is bleak and hilly. The surface is much NO. C.—DUBLIN TO SUMMERHILL, ETC. 405 road. In the fertile, flat, but featureless, country tra- velled through, we pass at six miles from Dunboyne, on the left, Larch hill, Watson Esq.; and at nine, reach the small town and demesne of SUMMERHILL, situated in the centre of the richest tract of lands in the county of Meath. Summerhill was the seat of the ancient and wealthy family of Rowley, and is still the property of their descendant, Lord Langford. Not many years ago it was considered the finest of our country residences; and, even in its present di- lapidated state, exhibits much baronial grandeur. The extensive demesne was covered with fine trees, and the mansion exhibited a splendid specimen of Grecian ar- chitecture. The shell of the latter still remains; but the growth of ages—the sylvan honors of the place have been prostrated ; and, in all probability, ere long, like tne adjacent demesne of Dangan—the once splen- did seat of the noble family of Wellesley, some rude obelisk, or the remains of a prospect tower, will point out where the demesne of Summerhill was. The village of Summerhill, which was originally built on a neat plan, as an adjunct to the demesne, has of late years fallen into decay. At two miles and a half from Summerhill we reach the village of Rathmolyon, now much improved by the proprietor, the Lord Bishop of Ossory ; and proceed- ing, leave a little to the left, Tobertynan House and the hamlet of Togher; also Castlerickard the seat of G. L. Nugent, Esq.—the latter close to the Boyne, near where it receives the small stream called the Blackwater. Three miles and a-half from Rathmolyon we cross the Boyne, here augmented by the Stonyford stream, and at six and a-half reach the village of Ballivor, a part of the improved estate of the Earl of Darnley. Close to the village is Elmgrove and Parkstown ; and about three miles to the right, near the cross-road leading to Ath- boy, are Moyrath Castle and the village of Kildalkey. A little beyond Ballivor we meet a considerable tract of the flat and dreary bog of -Ailen, in the centre of 408 NO. CI.—DUBLIN TO MANORHAMILTON. reach Belcoo bridge, where we cross the river running between Upper and Lower Loughs Macnean, and en- ter the northern corner of the county of Cavan, in which the road continues for the next three miles. The upper and lower loughs of Macnean are sepa- rated from each other by a neck of land half a mile in breadth. The upper lough is about four miles long, its breadth varying from one and a-half, to half a mile— the lower about two and a-half miles, by one in breadth. The northern shores of the latter are beautifully varied by the picturesquely broken grounds of Marle bank which form part of the extensive demesne of Florence- court, and which also connect with the northern slopes of Cuilcagh, the highest mountain in the range. The upper lough is bounded on the north by the wild, uncul- tivated, and hilly, moorland tract, which runs for ten miles westward to the dreary shores of Lough Melvin, and, for a like distance, on the north to the more pleas- ing banks of Lough Erne. Two lines of road pene- trate this wild country—one of them extends from Bel- coo-bridge to the poor village of Garrisson, and various other roads branch off it to the more elevated and cen- tral parts of the district. The scenery in many parts is striking, the distant views from the hills, which in several places rise to a height of 120U feet, are good ; and though there is nothing here approaching to gran- deur of character, yet the unfrequented moorland re- gion lying between Loughs Macnean, Melvin, and Erne, and containing a space of about eighty square miles, is not unworthy the attention of the tourist. Proceeding along the southern shores of the Upper Lough Macnean, at two miles from Belcoo-bridge, is the hamlet of Largay or Red Lion, where at least some kind of refreshment for man and horse can be obtained. It is also the most central point for the tourist who wishes to traverse the surrounding hills of the counties of Cavan, Leitrim, and Fermanagh. About four miles from Red Lion, in the hills to the south, and in the county of Cavan is Legnashinna, the source of the Shannon. This spot, to many no doubt interesting, is reached bya ‘NO. CII.—DUBLIN TO MANORHAMILTON. 407 more. varied, but not so rich nor well cultivated as the more easterly parts of Meath. We skirt the county of Cavan on our left, and at five miles from Moynalty en- ter it, where the country assumes a still more dreary and hilly character. The hill of Loughanleagh on the right, rises to a height of 1,100 feet. The small town of Bailyborough which is situated in a remote and upland district of the county of Cavan, has been as well as the surrounding lands considerably improved, under the care of the proprietor, Sir William Young, whose seat, Bailyborough Castle, is near the town. The weekly markets are now well attended, to which the improved roads have contributed. There is a small lake close to the town, another adorns the demesne, and several of various sizes lie scattered around. No. CII—DUBLIN TO MANORHAMILTON. FIRST ROAD, BY ENNISKILLEN. Enniskillen, as in No. XCVII. 5 80 Black Lion, <. ee Py e . 10 190 Manorhamilton, 92}992 A MAIL car is dispatched for Sligo via Manorhamilton, on the arrival of the Dublin mail coach at Enniskillen ; and it is intended to extend the mail-coach between Belfast and Enniskillen to- Sligo, so soon as the roads are in order. The car at present makes a detour of three miles, to drop the mail at Florence-court. The best and shortest road to Manorhamilton, is by the new line branching off the Enniskillen and Florence- court road, about two miles from the former; by which we save three miles, and also avoid the hills beyond Florence-court. By this road we pass through an agreeably varied and cultivated tract, stretching along the southern base of Belmore, which rises to a height of 1,300 feet, and by the northern side of Lough Macnean Lower. Eight miles from Enniskillen we pass Garden-hill, close to which is the village of Hollywell; at nine, 410. NO. CITI.—DUBLIN TO MANORHAMILTON. and affords many beautiful views of the glen and of the bay of Donegal. There is little business carried on in the town of Manorhamilton beyond the weekly markets. There is a neat church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a small Methodist meeting-huuse. The ruins of the splendid baronial mansion, built by Sir Frederick Hamilton in 1641, adjoin the Glebe. The town, and a large tract around, now form part of the estates of the Earl of Leitrim. No. CUI.—DUBLIN TO MANORHAMILTON. SECOND ROAD, BY CARRICK-ON-SHANNON, LOUGH ALLEN, AND DRUMKEERIN. Miles Carrick-on-Shannon, as in No. Exe: 763 Lough Allen, foot, . 63/833 Drumkeerin, 731903 Manorhamilton, . 82]99 Owing to the bad state of the roads from Carrick, Manorhamilton is seldom reached from Dublin this way. In summer, however, the ride along Lough Allen and the romantic country beyond it, is delightful. There are various public conveyances from Dublin to Carrick, where post horses and carriages can be hired. There is a small Inn, but no post horses, at Drumkeerin. The country from Carrick-on-Shannon to the head of Lough Allen, a distance of thirteen miles, we have already noticed in our description of the country around Carrick, No. LXXXIV. as ‘also various particulars relative to Lough Allen and its shores, &c. The small village of Drumkeerin is situated about a mile from the head of Lough Allen; and as we proceed through the hilly and desolate country onward, we pass on the right the small Lough of Belhavel. At four miles from Drumkeerin, we Peet on the left, the cross road leading to Dromahair.—This village, which is on the picturesque banks of the Bonnet river, has lately been greatly improved, together with the country adja- cent, by the proprietor, G. L. Fox, Esq. In the vil- NO. CII.—DUBLIN TO MANORHAMILTON. 409 path which branches off the cross road leading from Red Lion to Drumkeerin. On leaving Lough Macnean we enter the county of Leitrim, passing Glenfarn Hail, the seat of Charles Tottenham, Esq., a mile on our right. This place is romantically situated in the beautiful glen of that name, which runs down to the head of Lough Macnean. The surface of the country from this to Manorhamil- ton is agreeably varied; and the accompanying hills, rise from 1,200 to 1,500 feet. We pass Lisnagroagh and Hollymount, the latter the residence of S. Armstrong, Esq. within two miles of the town; and, as we ap- proach the latter, the country assumes a more beau- tiful, varied, and cultivated appearance. The small and poor town of Manorhamilton is situ- ted in the centre of the most beautiful and interesting part of the county of Leitrim. It is watered by a mountain streamlet called the Owenmore, which falls into the Bonnet river a little below the town, and sur- rounded by lofty hills, many of which display fine out- lines, and attain an elevation of 1,500 feet. The coun- try around is singularly, and in many places, beauti- fully varied by the dark moorland hills, the precipitous craggy slopes, the winding glens, narrow ravines, and fertile valleys, into which the surface is disposed. Adjoining the town is Skreeny, the beautifully situated residence of Colonel Cullen, and Rockwood, H. F. Cullen, Esq.; at one mile and a-half on the road to Sligo, is the hamlet and demesne of Zurganboy, roman- tically situated at the base of Benbo, the most remark- able mountain in this district watered by the Bonnet river, and surrounded by a considerable extent of fine wood ; and where the principal proprietor, Mr. Wynne of Hazle- wood, hasa small cottage. Four miles from the town, and in the centre of Glenade, one of the finest of all our mountain glens, is Glenade House, the residence of C. T. Cullen, Esq. It is situated on the banks of Lough Glenade, the source of the Bonnet river, and com- mands an extensive view of the glen and its mountain boundaries. The new road from Manorhamilton to Bundoran and Ballyshannon, runs through Glenade, 412 NO. CIV.—DUBLIN TO BALLYSHANNON, ETC. On passing the handsome entrance to Ely Lodge noticed in No. 97, we run for two miles along a pro-. montory, which is beautifully covered with holly and, other copse wood, having the grounds of Ely Lodge on our right, and the lovely wooded islets which encircle that beautiful demesne. Passing Blaney bay and the Island of Innishmacsaint, we drive through a pretty rural country which is picturesquely broken and diver- sified with patches of natural wood. The village of Derrygonnelly lies a mile to the left of our road and about seven miles from Enniskillen on the cross moun- tain road leading to Garrisson. Church-hill, which the new road leaves a little to the left, is a village on the top of one of the numerous ridges which rise summit over summit till they blend with the more elevated and westerly hills of Shean and Glenalong. A little to the south of the village of Church-hill are the small but romantically situated Loughs of Carrick and Bunnahone, the sources of the Sillies river. A church has lately been built close to the Glebe-house of Church hill, on the left of the new road; and the old building which originally gave name to the village is now a ruin. Near the new church on the right of the road is Tully bay, and near it the ruins of Tully castle. From the Glebe-house of Church-hill to the church of Ruscur, our road continues along the shores of the lake, and discloses at every turn some new and striking com- bination of wood and water on the one hand, or hill and dale on the other. At two miles from the glebe we reach the rocky dell of Phoul-a-Phouca, which forms a part of the wild and picturesquely broken acclivities of Shean north, the most remarkable from its elevation and shape of the hills along the whole course of the Erne. As the most extensive, if not the best views of the lower Lough, its shores, and islands, are obtained from. the eminences near Phoul-a-Phouca, we would recom- mend the tourist anxious to know the topography of the district to ascend the steeps of Shean. In addition to the views of Lough Erne, its islands and boundaries, &c. the tourist will be gratified with the mountain. NO. CIV.—DUBLIN TO BALLYSHANNON, ETC. 411 lage are the ruins of the castle built by O’Rorke, and joined to it the Hall built by Sir W. Villiers, a part of which has been lately repaired by Mr. Fox. Near the town are the ruins of Creevelea Abbey, and some other conventual remains. A little below the village, on the banks of the river, is the pleasantly situated villa of Friarstown, and near it the ruins of Harrisson’s Castle. Returning to our road, we continue our way through a varied and very interesting hilly country, passing at three miles from the Dromahair cross-road the ele- vated woods of Larkfield, which form a striking feature in this bleak upland district; and running along the valley, under the bold wooded ‘rock, soon reach Manorhamilton. No. CIV.—DUBLIN TO BALLYSHANNON, AND BUNDORAN, BY ENNISKILLEN. Miles. Enniskillen, as in Ay Beas 80 Church hill, 9 | 89 Belleek, ° 2 97 Ballyshannon, ¢ 101 Bundoran, H |104 Though we have introduced Church-hill and Belleek in our table of distances, the road does not pass through either of these small towns. It leaves the latter a little to the right, and the former about half a mile on the left. On the arrival of the Dublin mail at Enniskillen, the mail coach to Ballyshannon, which may be consi- dered as an extension of the line, is dispatched. Our road from Enniskillen lies generally along the southern shores of lower Lough Erne, and presents from many points beautiful views of that celebrated Lake. At all events the traveller can easily command the Lake and shores from the adjacent hills. Connected with the environs of Enniskillen, No. 97, we have noticed the extent, boundaries, islands, and other generalities, of lower Lough Erne. We have now to introduce the traveller to the scenery and other par- ticulars along its southern shores. - 414 NO. CIV.—DUBLIN TO BALLYSHANNON, ETC. water. The Roogagh bears along the countless streams which issue from the mountain district of F ermanagh lying eastward and forms one of the principal supplies of Lough Melvin. The country around Garrisson is desolate and uncultivated; but not devoid of striking natural features. It is accessible by the road from Black Lion, No. 102; but the most convenient way of reaching Garrisson, and the country immediately around the head of Lough Melvin, is by the branch from Belleek here noticed. Lough Melvin is about six miles and a-half long by one and a quarter broad. It is principally in the county of Leitrim, and’is bounded by the Dartree hills, which rise to an elevation of 1,600 feet above its waters. On the north, its boundaries are tame and uninteresting—being a mixture of low rock and bog, stretching towards the sea. Its principal islands Inisleher, Inishmean, Tnishtemple, and Inishkeen, are more or less wooded, and, from their relative positions help to relieve the bleakness of the northern shores. Towards the lower end of the lake, particularly about the base of Dartree, the scenery is very interesting. From Belleek to Ballyshannon our road runs through a beautiful and well cultivated valley: About a mile from Belleek we pass on the right Camlin, the hand- some seat of John Tredennick, Esq., and on the same side, but on the opposite banks of the Erne, Laputa, Geo. Johnston, Esq. On our left are Chervymount and Fortwilliam. BALLYSHANNON, the most important town in this dis- trict, is situated at the head of a small inlet running off Donegal bay, into which the Erne pours its great body of waters. This magnificent river, at its terminus, runs through the town, and pays its ample tribute to the main over a ledge of rocks rising 16 feet above the level of the ordinary tides. Though this fall cannot compete, either in extent or beauty, with the rapids of ~ the Shannon at Dvonass; yet in heavy floods, from the narrower river bed and consequent concentration of its waters, the effect is more striking. The export trade is comparatively small, owing in a- NO. CIV.—DUBLIN TO BALLYSHANNON, ETC. 413 scenery, and the numerous small glistening tarns which are scattered along the dreary moorlands, lying west- ward between the hills of Shean-north and Glenalong ; and southward to the still more lofty Glenkeel. From Phoul-a-Phouca we gradually descend to the flat boggy tract which lies along the foot of the Lough, and where the latter gradually narrows to half a mile in breadth. At the narrow part, but on the opposite shores, is Castle Caldwell, the seat of Major Bloomfield, the most beautifully situated of all the numerous seats on Lough Erne—there is probably no seat in the kingdom more happily circumstanced as regards lake scenery, than Castle Caldwell; and till lately, few, if any, could boast of finer timber. About two miles above Castle Caldwell is Maheramena, the residence of Robert Johnston, Esq. At Ruscur church, which is four miles from Belleek, the waters of the Erne again assume the river character, and flow in heavy volume through the swampy plain to Belleek, where they are precipitated over a considerable rapid, and produce, even during the summer droughts, a fine effect ; and in rail or aiter floods, the rush of waters is truly grand. At Belleek the navigation of the Erne commences. It is proposed, however, to extend it to the bay at Ballyshannon bya canal. The small town of Belleek lies a little to the right of the road and on the opposite bank of the river ; which is here crossed by the second bridge over the Erne, and the only one between the towns of Ballyshannon and Enniskillen. A little below Belleek on the right bank of the river is Cliff; the lodge of Col. Connolly, M.P. one of the most extensive and public spirited Jandlords in the county of Donegal, and by whose exertions various roads and other improve- ments have been effected in the bleak and uncultivated part of the county, which lies around his seat. The small village of Garrisson is three miles and a-half south from Belleek, on the cross road leading thence to Manorhamilton. It is romantically situated at the head of Lough Melvin, where the Roogagh river empties itself into that large and little known sheet of 416 NO. CV.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL, ETC. poor class of peasantry, who subsist by fishing and farming, is relieved on the one hand by the bluff and precipitous heads of Dartree, Benduff, Benwiskwen, and Benbulben, and on the other by the bay of Done- gal and its mountain boundaries. Woodville, the residence of John Dickson, Esgq., lies two miles west of Bundoran; and about the same dis- tance from that town, but on the road leading to Manor- hamilton through Glenade, is the hamlet and demesne of Kinlough, the latter the seat of Robert Johnston, Esq. The grounds of this demesne stretch along the head of Lough Melvin and up the northern slopes of the beautiful hill of Dartree, which is seen from the hand- some mansion of Kinlough in by far its grandest point of view. Mount Prospect, the residence of William Connolly, Esq., is two miles from Kinlough, on the southern shores of Lough Melvin. To the north of Ballyshannon, on the sandy beach which sweeps around the bar, is Wardtown, an old seat of the Ffolliott family; and a little beyond it, on the bold rocky shores of Kildoney are the ruins of Kilbarron Castle. The country to the north of Bally- shannon along the shores is fertile and agreeably varied, and affords from some points good views of the bay; but to the north-east of the town it is uninterest- ing bleak moor land. Along the banks of the Erne from Ballyshannon to Belleek the scenery is interesting ; the heavy body of waters rushing in several places over considerable rapids. No. CV.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL AND KILLYBEGS. FIRST ROAD BY BALLYSHANNON, Ballyshannon as in No. CIV Ballintra. 4 3 5 Donegal 3 6 Mount Charles . 5 “ 8 Inver & . A . 3 118 Dunkaneely - : E 2 3 Killybegs. : 42 | 1253 Tue daily cross mail coach from Sligo to Derry runs through Ballyshannon and Donegal; and a mail car plys daily between Donegal and Killybegs in con- NO. CIV.—DUBLIN TO BALLYSHANNON, ETC. 415 great measure to the insuperable obstacles presented by the bar, and the exposure of the harbour to the westerly winds. It is to be regretted that Colonel Connolly’s exertions to remove these impediments have failed ; if they had succeeded, a continuous line of inland naviga- tion would soon have been formed by Lough Erne, the Ulster Canal, and Lough Neagh, from Ballyshannon to Belfast and Newry. Plans have been proposed for opening a communication with Lough Erne by a canal, to avoid the rapids on the river, and also by a rail road. There is a distillery and brewery, but the general busi- ness of the town is limited to the retail trade, for the supply of the extensive but poor surrounding district. The salmon fishery is extensive. The town comprises three streets and the wretched suburb called the Purt. The principal streets are very steep, and the whole town is ill arranged either for comfort or business. In the places of religious worship and sessions house, &c,. there is nothing remarkable. A small detachment of military is generally stationed here. Ballyshannon, from its history, seems to have been subjected to all the mutations and feuds consequent on the unsettled state of the country. A fragment of the ancient castle of the Earls of Tyrconnell, long the chieftains of the district, remains in the town. The surface around is very varied, and adjoining the town very fertile. Three miles to the westward, on the road leading to Sligo, is Bundoran, the most celebrated watering place on the whole range of the northwest coast. It is well circumstanced for bathing and exer- cise—from its extensive sandy beach. A number of neat summer villas have been erected around, and the town contains several lodging houses and a small com- fortable Inn. A little west of Bundoran, where the Drowes river discharges the waters of Lough Melvin into the bay of Donegal, is the hamlet of Bundrowes, and a little beyond it Tullaghan. From this point, along the coast to Cliffoney, which we noticed in our description of the environs of Sligo, the bleak and miserable country, with the numerous huts which are occupied by a very 418 NO. CV.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL, ETC. promontory, and islet, will render this vicinity inter- esting to every admirer of natural scenery. Under the improvements contemplated by the proprietor, the Earl of Arran, we hope soon to see this delightfully situated town assume that importance to which its localities entitle it. From the summit of the verdant hill which lies between the bay and the town, a good view of the surrounding district is obtained. A celebrated sul- phureous spa adjoins the town, where a neat pump- room and baths have lately been erected. Three miles east of the town is Lough Esk House, the seat of Thomas Brooke, Esq. This demesne is on the shores of Lough Esk, a beautiful sheet of water—in extent about 500 statute acres. It is adorned on its western shores by a considerable extent of fine wood, and partly embosomed by the wild craggy hills which here form the commencement of the great mountain district of the county of Donegal. The demesne of Lough Esk has capabilities and attractions of no ordinary nature, and presents the greatest inducements to im- provement. The gap, or rather glen, of Barnsmore, is four miles east of the town of Donegal—the mail coach road from Sligo to Derry running through it. It is about: three miles in length, and the hills which bound it on either side rise in some places to the height of 1,000 feet. The scenery, though wild and interest- ing, presentsnothing remarkably striking. Atthe eastern end of the glen, is the small and solitary Lough Mourne, which sends its waters eastward to the Finn at Ballybofey, and at the western entrance are the ruins of a small castle, where it is said Rapin, one of the French Hugonots who accompanied King William resided, while composing his history. From Donegal to Killybegs our road skirts the head of the bays which break the line of coast ; and though in many places hilly, is no where unfit for carriages. It runs through the romantic, craggy, and thickly, inha- bited tract of country lying between the coast and the southern slopes of the mountain region, which, with various intermissions, stretches thirty miles northward ; and eastward, a distance of fifty miles, from Teelin NO. CV.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL, ETC. 417 nexion with that coach, so that both of these remote places are easily reached by well-appointed public con- veyances. Leaving Ballyshannon we pass on the left Parkhill and Cavan Garden, J. Atkinson, Esq., and reach the village of Ballintra. About a mile to the right of this is Brown Hall, the seat of the Rev. E. M. Hamilton, which contains an interesting subter- raneous stream, and connects with the wild and romantic scenery locally known as the Pullins. Our road now runs through the hilly, fertile, and densely, populated country which lies between the high moorland and the flat tide-worn shore. At three miles from Ballintra we reach the small village of Laghy, two miles from which are the abbey ruins of Magherabeg, and the island of St. Hrnan’s, the seat of John Hamilton, Esq. Wind- ing through the tortuous valley between the little hills we soon descry the spire of the small but im- proving town of DONEGAL, delightfully situated on a small shallow inlet running in off the bay of that name, where it receives the waters of the river Esk. The exports, though trifling, from the nature of the harbour and the want of capital, are, on the increase; the markets are weekly improving. There is a comparatively comfortable Inn, where post horses can be obtained, and it is pleasing to observe that the enlargements of the town are conducted with some regard to order and convenience. In addition to the neat church there are chapels for Presbyterians, Independents, Metho- dists, Roman Catholics, and several schools. The remains of the beautiful castle of the O’Donnels, earls of Tyrconnell, who ruled this entire district, still form a striking feature in the town; as also those of the monastery founded by the same chieftains in the 15th century, which stand on the shore a little below it. The numerous verdant hills which surround this place and connect with the wild and high mountainous dg trict which again encircle them; the alluvial shores, which by the ceaseless action of the Atlantic waves, have been cut into every form of little bay, creek, 25 420 NO. CV.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL, ETC. In winding along the dreary moorland road which conducts us to Killybegs, we obtain good views of the surrounding hills, and of several of the higher moun- tain summits. After crossing the Bungosteen stream which meets the tide water at Carricknagore, and pass- ing the branch road to the village of Ardara, which lies about five miles to the right, we meet the head of Killybegs bay, along which we proceed, having a wild, craggy, and broken range of hills on our right. The hills which bound the beautiful bay of Killybegs, rise to a considerable elevation, and present from the nume- rous small cabins and patches of tillage among the crags, avery striking and picturesque scene. The small town of KILLYBEGS is situated on a capacious harbour or lough, which runs in off the bay, to which it givesname. Though the harbour is the safest and best on this coast, the town carries on little trade ; and the exports are trifling, which may be attributed to the uncultivated country around. In favorable seasons the harbour is a great rendezvous for fishing vessels. The town, however, is improving, both in its trade and houses—the streets are narrow and straggling—and, it is to be regretted that the addi- tions to it are conducted without any regard to ar- rangement or convenience.—Killybegs is a place of considerable antiquity ; and was possessed in common with the greater part of this side of the county of Done- gal by the Earls of Tyrconnell. It was also in later days a royal borough, and still enjoys extensive liberties. There is a small Inn where cars and horses can be hired. Six fairs are held in the course of the year for the sale of agricultural produce, and weekly markets every Tuesday. A mile and a-half west from Killybegs is Fintragh bay ; at three also on the coast is the village of Largay ; at five, the village and church of Kilcar; at seven, the small harbours of Teelin and Tawney ; and at fifteen on the shores of the Atlantic, Malin and Glenbays: at the latter there is a church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. The road which conducts to these remote bays and poor NO. CV.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL, ETC. 419 head to Lough Swilly. The country between Donegal and Mount Charles is agreeably varied—presenting many little sea-coves and bays on the one hand, and romantic fertile dells among the craggy hills on the other. The small town of Mount Charles, which is three miles from Donegal, straggles along the summit of an elevated rocky ridge, and in ascending to it, we pass The Hall, a small lodge and demesne belong- ing to the Marquis of Conyngham, one of the principal proprietors of the district, but which is sel- dom occupied by any of the family. Beyond The Hall, along the shores of the peninsula of Doorin are Saié Hill and several bathing villas. Having crossed the ridge on which Mount Charles stands, and passed Clover hill on our left, we reach, at three miles from the former, the hamlet of Inver, giving name to the beautiful bay at the head of which it lies. There is a small church and neat glebe-house on the shore, and a little above it, on the banks of the Inver river, is Bonnyglen, the residence of M. Babington, Esq.. Inver bay, which is the chief seat of the herring fishery on this coast, is separated on the east from the inlet which runs up to the town of Donegal by the promontory of Doorin, and on the west from M‘Swine’s bay by the narrow peninsula of St. John’s. About a mile from the church, is the village and port of Inver, where a small pier was built some years ago to encourage the fishing for whales which then frequented this coast. A little beyond it we pass Kilmacredan, cross the Bunlaghy stream, and soon reach the small village, church, and glebe-house, of Dun- kaneely. ' As we round the head of M‘Swine’s bay, we pass on the right Bruckless, the residence of R. W. Nesbitt, Esq.; and the tan-yard, stores, and house of Mr. Cas- sidy. The latter are situated on an inlet of M‘Swine’s bay, called Bruckless harbour ; and although unimpor- tant in themselves, they form remarkable features in this bleak, wild country. The ruins of M‘Swine’s cas- tle are situated on the shores ; and the mountain stream called the Corker river, falls into the bay at Bruckless. 422 NO. CVI.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL, ETC. veyance direct from Enniskillen to Donegal. This road is not so interesting as the preceding ; but as it keeps the opposite shores of Lough Erne, it not only varies the scene, but affords the traveller an opportunity of seeing the interesting country lying along that side of the lake. Both the mail-car and stage-coach diverge by Irvinstown on their way to Pettigoe, rejoining near the village of Lisnarrick. This increases the distance a little, and leads through a less interesting country than the road we recommend, namely—along the shores of the lake. The road from Enniskillen by the northern shores of Lower Lough Erne, leads along a pleasing country, which, in common with the greater part of Fermanagh, is cut up into small and imperfectly tilled farms. The hedge rows, the varied surface, and the occasional views of the lake and its opposite shores, impart, how- ever, a pleasing and rural character. At four miles we cross the Ballycassidy river, on which are extensive flour mills; at five, on the shores of the lake Rusfad, H. M. Richardson, Esq.; on the right Riversdale, Richard Archdall, Esq.; and near it Crocknacrieve. To the right of the latter, on the road leading from Enniskillen to Drumquin, at one mile, is the village of Ballinamallard ; at two miles, Jamestown, the residence of George Lendrum, Esq.; at three, Relagh, J. H. Storey, Esq.; and at four, the village of Vrillick. Skirting the shores of the lake for the next two miles, at six from Enniskillen pass Rockfield, the seat of John Irvine, Esq.; and at seven, Doraville, Henry Irvine, Esq.; two miles to the right of which is the small but improving town of Irvinstown, and near it Necarn, the seat of William D’Arcy, Esq., where a small but handsome castle has lately been built. Nine miles from Enniskillen we reach the small vil- lage of Lisnarrick, adjoining which, is Castle Archdall, the fine seat of General Archdall. This, from its eleva- tion and extent of wood, is the most conspicuous de- mesne on the shores of Lower Lough Erne; and from the summit of the hill, which is crowned by the square, NO. CVI.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL, ETC. 421 fishing villages, is very bad and hilly, running over a wild and mountainous tract. The tourist, however, who is interested in this remote highland region, may penetrate beyond Glenbay, and round the coast of Loughros Beg-bay to Ardara; but the roads are only fit for pedestrians, and that in summer. The western portion of the remote barony of Ban- nagh, which we here notice in connexion with Killybegs, contains, at least, 140 statute square miles. It is bounded on the south by the bay of Donegal; on the north by the smaller bays of Loughros Beg and Lough- ros More; on the west by the Atlantic; and on the east by the cross road running from Killybegs to Ar- dara: it is wholly a mountain district, with deep inter- vening bogs, and very thinly inhabited. The princi- pal road, bad as it is, is that from Killybegs to Glenbay. Several of the mountains attain an elevation of 1,600 feet. Slieve league, near Teelin bay, rises to 1,964 feet, and forms a very remarkable feature along the bay, particularly from the opposite shores of Sligo.—From Teelin to Malin bay, along the seaward base of Slieve league and Teelin heads, the scenery is very imposing. The Atlantic beats with great force along the whole line of this desolate coast, and in many places the rocks are deeply riven with the fury of its waves. No. CVI—-DUBLIN TO DONEGAL AND KILLYBEGS. SECOND ROAD, BY ENNISKILLEN AND PETTIGOE. Miles. Enniskillen, asin No. XCVII. . 80 Kish, y 3 . ‘ é 112 | 912 Pettigoe, - | 42 | 96 Donegal, seta 11D Killybegs, 132 [1233 No. XCVII. is the best road to Enniskillen ; and on the arrival of the Dublin mail coach at that town, a mail car carrying passengers is dispatched to Pettigoe. A well appointed stage coach, running between Ennis- killen and Derry, also passes through Pettigoe, where cars can be hired; but until regular posting houses are established there, it will be advisable to engage a con- SST ae 424 NO. CVI.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL, ETC. On the Glebe lands are the ruins of a castle, said to have been the residence of the first bishop of Clogher. Pettigoe is romantically situated, and, as regards its localities, well circumstanced for the tourist who wishes to know Lower Lough Erne, Lough Derg, and the wild, desolate, country lying northward. The little town is improving, and under encouragement, on the part of the proprietor, we hope soon to see a comfort- able Inn and good post horses. It contains a church, Roman Catholic chapel, and Presbyterian meeting- house. Lovecu Dere by far the most celebrated place of pilgrimage in Ireland lies about four miles north from Pettigoe. It is bounded by a vast and dreary tract of moorland hills, which stretch on the north-east to the fertile strath of the Finn, and connect with the bleak hills of Tyrone, lying around the more northerly parts of Fermanagh. On the north and west these hills join the mountain district which pervades the greater part of the county of Donegal, and here springing from the heathy wastes around Lough Derg, reach to the sea. The lake covers 2,140 statute acres; its shores are generally precipitous ; and its principal islets are Innish- gosk, Saint’s Island, and Station Island, or St. Patrick’s Purgatory : even these are very small, and the remain- der, which serve to break and vary the surface of its dark waters, are, with few exceptions, mere groups of rock. On Saint’s Island are the remnants of a Priory—this island, in remote ages, was the resort of pilgrims, and contained the original Patrick’s Purgatory. The place of penance is now, and has been for several centuries on Station island, which is within half a mile of the south-east shores of the lake; it is less than an acre in extent, and contains, in addi- tion to two small chapels, one of which is appropriated to the penitents, a house for the officiating priests, and a few cabins. In spite of the prohibitory edicts of several of the popes and orders of the Irish privy council for its suppression, it has maintained its celebrity ; and the number of deluded beings who still annually flock NO: CVI.—DUBLIN TO DONEGAL; ETC. 423 spacious, mansion, a comprehensive view is obtained of this splendid lake. There are no parts of Lough Erne more beautiful than that around Castle Archdall, and reaching from that demesne to Kish. It was, in sauntering along these shores, that Mr. Inglis, who was a pretty accurate observer, says, “I shall not easily forget—nor would I ever wish to forget, the delightful hours I one day spent, on the shores of this, more than Winandermere of Ireland. It was a day of uncommon beauty; the islands seemed to be floating on a crystal sea; the wooded promontories threw their shadows half across the still bays; and the fair slopes and lawny knolls stood greenly out from among the dark sylvan scenery that intervened.” From Castle Archdall demesne, to Pettigoe, the road keeps generally about a mile from the lake. Two miles from that demesne we reach the village of Kish, which is watered by the small river bearing its name, and which carries along the contributions of numerous rivulets from the hills of the county of Tyrone to Lough Erne. ‘Proceeding through an agreeably varied, and highly rural country, and leaving Clonelly, the residence of F. W. Barton, Esq.; on our right, at four miles and a-half from Kish, we reach the small town of PETTIGOE, situated on the Tarmon river, which, like Kish stream, conveys the contents of the numerous rills springing from the high and bleak grounds on the north to Lough Erne. The town is within a mile of that part of the lake which encircles Boa Island, the largest and most important of Lough Eme’s numerous isles. It is fer- tile, and might be beautifully verdant ; containing, as we have observed in our general description of the lake in the preceding road, nearly 1,400 statute acres. Though destitute of timber, and greatly disfigured by bad fences, it is from its extent, shape, and the vast tract of water which surrounds it, a fine feature, par- ticularly as seen from the wooded shores skirting the beautifully situated Glebe of Templecarn, or of Water- foot, the seat of Colonel Barton, to whom it belongs. en 426 NO. CVII.—DUBLIN TO BELTURBET. The road which conducts to Belturbet branches off the Cavan and Enniskillen line at Butler’s bridge ; and, at four miles from thence, reaches the town of Bel- turbet. | The country between Butler’s bridge and Belturbet is intersected with bog and marsh; the latter is occa- sioned by the overflowing of the river Erne, which lies on our left. At one mile from Butler’s bridge we pass the small lake of Annagh, near which is Annagh House; and ata mile to the left, on the banks of the river Erne, and close to Baker’s bridge, is Ashgrove. Passing several small loughs which are scattered in the flat bogs lying on either side of the road, we reach within a short distance of Belturbet, on our right; Sugarloaf, the residence of Sir Thomas Finlay, and Erne Hill, the seat of George M. Knipe, Esq.’ The incorporated and thriving town of Belturbet is situated on the Erne, about midway from where it as- sumes the river character on issuing from the extraordi- nary labyrinth of lakes generally denominated Lough Oughter, till it again expands into Lower Lough Erne. When the waters are high, barges carrying timber; coals, &c. navigate the Erne, from Belleek up to the town; and the Ulster Canal, which joins the Erne be- low it, will add much to its improvement. At the weekly markets a good deal of corn is disposed of—to which, the large distillery, built within these few years, has greatly contributed. The town, which contains a church, several schools, a Roman Catholic chapel, and Methodist meeting-house, is irregularly built, consist- ing principally of straggling, wretched suburbs. There are, comparatively speaking, few good houses in the town or around it, although the vicinage, particularly along the Erne, is highly interesting. A troop of Cavalry is generally stationed here. In the church-yard are the remains of a fortifica- tion. The greater part of the Corporation lands of Belturbet, in consequence of the words, “to the bur- gesses and heirs,” instead of “ their successors,” in the charter granted by James I., have been inclosed, and_ retained as private property. NO. CVII.—DUBLIN TO BELTURBET. 425 hither to expiate their offences, from the Ist of June to the 15th of August, are variously stated, at, from ten to fifteen thousand—However this may be, it is certain that the ferry is let by Mr. Leslie, the proprie- tor of the lake, for £160 per annum; and till within these six years it yielded £260. The road from Pettigoe to Lough Derg, for the last two miles, is unfit for carriages of any sort. From the high grounds we travel over in approaching it, we command the lough with its tiny islets and a great ex - tent of the wild and desolate surrounding country. The hills which environ it are barren and heathy, and pos- sess neither form nor height to produce picturesque effect. There is hardly a green spot on which the eye can rest, or a comfortable house to cheer the scene. At four or five miles distance, however, several of the hills rise to a height of 1,300 feet. The waters which issue from Lough Derg are conveyed by the stream, bearing its name to the Strule river, which it joins on the high road between Newtown-Stewart and Strabane. It enters the county of Tyrone on leaving the lake, and receives in its progress the Glendergan and-Mourne streams, and waters the small town of Castlederg. From the heights between Pettigoe and Lough Derg, several good views of Lough Erne are obtained. The new road from Pettigoe to Donegal lies for ten miles through a wild, houseless, boggy, and uninte- resting, tract of country, and joins the preceding line within three miles of the latter. It enters the county of Donegal on leaving Pettigoe. No. CVI.—DUBLIN TO BELTURBET BY CAVAN. MOheE as in No. XCVII. é . | he elturbet, . . A 7 Tuovuen Belturbet is often reached via Killeshandra, the nearest and best road is through Cavan; and on the arrival of the public coaches there, branch convey- ances in connexion with them, are dispatched to Bel- turbet. 428 NO. CVIIIL—DUBLIN TO CLONES. Lakeview, Lisnaboe, and Woodford, and enter the county of Cavan within a mile of KINGSCOURT. This small town, consisting chiefly of one long, straggling street, containing, an Inn, neat church, and spacious Roman Catholic chapel, is situated on the confines of the counties of Meath, Cavan, Louth, and Monaghan.—There is also a Presbyterian meeting- house about two miles distant. At the weekly mar- kets a good deal of country produce is disposed of. Adjoining is Cabra castle, the residence of Colonel Pratt, one of the most extensive and best wooded seats in this part of the country; and, from the advantages it possesses of almost every constituent of scenery in a moderate degree, might easily be rendered one of the finest of our inland residences. The romantic glen of Cabra, in the centre of the demesne, is beautiful in its way. About a mile and a-half from Kingscourt, on the road to Bailyborough, and near the base of Loughan- leagh hill, is the hamlet of Muff, and near it Heath Lodge. The road to Cootehill conducts us through a hilly and poorly cultivated country. It lies in the county of Cavan; skirting the county of Monaghan for the entire way. We pass Corrinshigo, Pratt, Esq., near the town; at four miles, near the small lake of | Droughlone, Northland, the residence of Dean Adams; and at six the village of Shercock. Adjoining the village is Shenan, surrounded by its little loughs ; also the picturesque Lough Swillan, along the eastern shores of which, after leaving Shercock, we travel for nearly two miles. We pass on the left, beyond Lough Swillan, the smaller Lough Tucker, the | waters from which, aided by those flowing from the » pretty sheets of water connected with Lough Bawn, form the commencement of the Annalee river, one of | the Erne’s tributaries. The beautifully situated demesne of Lough Bawn, W. Tenison, Esq., which is : adorned by the waters of these small loughs, lies about a mile to the right of our road. | 427 No. CVIII—DUBLIN TO CLONES, BY NAVAN, KINGSCOURT, AND COOTEHILL, Miles. Navan, as in No. XCVII. vs 22 Nobber, : - . 92) 312 Kingscourt, A . 2 54) 373 | Shercock, . 2 . - 6 | 432 Cootehill, . F ° 72| 5) Clones, 4 65 a 5 83! 592 Tuts line branches off the great north-west road, No. XCVII. at Navan, and is travelled by a well-appointed day coach on alternate days. It proceeds through an interesting part of the county of Meath to Kingscourt. Three miles from Navan, we pass through the poor vil- lage of Kilberry, andleaving Arch-hall, Samuel Garnet, Esq. at four miles on our left, and at six also on the same side, Mountainstown, the handsome seat of A. H. C. Pollock, Esq., proceed through a fertile and beautifully varied country to Nobber. Before reaching the latter, we pass about a mile to the left Rahood, Richard Cruise; Esq.; and at two miles, Cruisetown, Shaw, Esq. In the village of Nobber is a neat church and Roman Catholic chapel, and in the church-yard are the remains of a priory. Carolan, the celebrated Irish harper, was born in the village. To the left of the small but ancient village of Nobber, is Brittas, the fine old demesne of Ed- ward Bligh, Esq.; and as we proceed to Kingscourt, we pass Gallows Hill, 308 feet in height, from whencea good view of the surrounding hilly country is obtained; and at a mile and a-half Whitewood, the demesne and occa- sional residence of Viscount Gormanstown. White- wood occupies a conspicuous site, and is adorned by a small lake, the source of the rivulet Dee, which we crossed on leaving Nobber. As we approach the confines of the county of Meath, the surface becomes more varied, the soil less fertile, and worse cultivated. We leave the village of Kilmain- ham-wood a little on the left; pass near to Newcastle, 430 NO. CVIII.--DUBLIN TO CLONES. the modern growths, from its fine mansion, natural lakes, extent, and variety of surface, would, with care, hold a high place among our country residences. Dawson Grove, the seat of Viscount Cremorne is separated from Bellamont Forest by the narrow lough of Dro- more and includes in its bounds the beautiful de- mesne of Fairfield. It still maintains its sylvan honors—and distant be the day of their pros- tration. The house is spacious, the grounds ex- tensive, and beautifully varied. From the contiguity of Dawson Grove and Bellamont Forest, and the beau- tiful natural Jakes which in many places form their lines of demarcation, they may be said in various instances to reflect each other—separately they are splendid residences,—conjointly they form a rich combination of many of the elements of landscape. Between Dawson Grove and the town is Freame Mount, the residence of R. Mayne, Esq., near it Tanagh, Captain Dawson; Dromore Park, Lieutenant Dawson; and New Park, Dacre Hamilton, Esq. Near the village of Rockcorry, which is about four miles north from Cootehill, is Glenburnie Park, C. 8. Corry, Esq., and several neat villas. About a mile west from the town and watered by the Cootehill river is Ashfield Lodge, the seat of Col. Henry Clements; at two, on the road leading to Bally- haise, and watered by the Annalee, is Tullyview, M. J. Boyle, Esq., near it Retreat, C. J. Adams, Esq. ; and at four miles Rakenny, the residence of T. L. Clements, Esq. In the thickly inhabited country around Cootehill, particularly towards Ballybay, there is much to interest the traveller fond of rural improve- ment. The road which leads us to Clones enters the county of Monaghan at two miles from Cootehill; at two and a-half passes Minore house, Captain Cottnam, on the shores of the small Lough Long ; and at three reaches the small town of Drum, where there are two Presbyterian meeting-houses, Church, and Roman | Catholic chapel. Three miles north from Drum is the small neat town . NO. CVIII.—DUBLIN TO CLONES. 429 As we approach Cootehill the low, round, and fertile, hills into which the surface of this district, as far as the eye can reach is thrown, begin to assume a more cheerful and cultivated appearance; and the number of the small Danish mounds which are scattered throughout the bleak country, will attract the travel- ler’s notice. At five miles from Shercock, pass, on the left, Annsfort, George Powell, Esq., and Bellgrove; on the right, environed by its little loughs and hills, Moun- tain Lodge, the beautiful seat of Col. Ker. Skirting Mayo hill, the highest of the summits in this vicinity, and passing Annalee and several neat villas, we soon reach COOTEHILL, which is situated at the north-east boundary of Cavan, and surrounded by a very beautiful and interesting dis- trict which embraces part of the adjoining county of Monaghan. It is comparatively well built and res- pectably inhabited, and with the exception of Navan, _in every way much superior to the poor villages and towns lying between it and Dublin. It carries on a considerable trade in linens. The weekly markets are well attended, as are the fairs for the sale of cattle, flax, and yarn, &c., which are held monthly. The town contains a neat church, a Roman Catholic chapel, two Presbyterian meeting houses, and places of worship for Methodists, Moravians, and Quakers. At the Inn post horses can be obtained. Cootehill is refreshed by the stream which takes the name of the town, and bears to the Annalee the over- flowings of the chain of small lakes lying eastward to Ballybay, which are navigable for boats of some burden for several miles. These lakes under various forms and names add much to the beauty of the demesnes of Bellamont Forest and Dawson Grove, which lie together on the north side of the town. Bellamont Forest, the ancient seat of the late Earl of Bellamont, now possessed by his son Charles Coote, Esgq., was, not many years ago, adorned by the greatest num- ber of the finest trees in Ireland; and even now, with 432 NO. CIX.——DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. Oonagh is about four miles on the road leading to the village of Smithsborough—at the latter, which is five miles from Clones, there is a small manufactory of spades and agricultural implements. Ballynure is a little above the town, and near the Finn. No. CIX.—-DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. BY ASHBOURNE, SLANE, DRUMCONRA, CARRICKMACROSS, CASTLE= BLAYNEY, MONAGHAN, AUGHNACLOY, OMAGH, NEWTOWN-STEW- ART, AND STRABANE. Miles. Miles Ashbourne, F . 10 Aughnacloy, 5 Slane, é : 12 | 22 || Ballygawley, 33 743 Drumconra, . : 10 |382 |; Omagh, Z . 121; 862 Carrickmacross, . : 8 | 40 | Newtown-Stewart, 8 | 942 Castleblayney, . 5 sk | 495 | Strabane, ; 72 | 1022 Monaghan, =) jen Le) 602.) Derry, 112 |1132 Emyvale, A : 52166 || Though the general bearing of this road is north- west, it is usually considered as one of our great northern lines of traffic. It leads to nearly all the different parts of the counties of Monaghan and Tyrone; to the greater part of the county of Donegal; and to the more important points of the county of London- derry. The first fourteen miles, that is to where the line branches off to Drogheda is the main stem of the northern roads. Proceeding by the north side of the city, we soon clear the uninteresting suburbs, cross the valley, which is watered by the small, winding Tolka, pass through the village of Finglass, and at four miles reach the margin of the flat and bleak plain lying between Dublin and Ashbourne. This tract we have noticed generally in the commencement of No. 97; and among the cul- tivated portions of the kingdom there are, perhaps, none less interesting than that part of it which our present road crosses. Save some remnants of the older square houses, generally called castles, and the few Danish mounds which rise over the slightly undulating but unwooded surface, there is little to vary the monotony of the scene, or to interest the generality of travellers: and the inferior husbandry and poor cottages which gene- NO. CVIII.—DUBLIN TO CLONES. 431 of Newbliss. It contains a comfortable Inn, and the weekly markets and monthly fairs are well attended. ‘Contiguous to the town is Newbliss-house, the seat of Andrew Ker, Esq. About midway between Drum and Newbliss, a little to the right of the road, is Leesbo- rough. About three miles from Drum, on the left, are Hilltown-house, the handsome seat of Col. Madden ; and near it the village of Scott’s house; at four miles we cross the Finn river, another of the Erne’s tribu- taries, and at six reach the small town of CLONES, situated on the confines of the counties of Monaghan and Fermanagh, and surrounded by an interesting and well cultivated country. It carries on considerable business, particularly in linens ; and at the weekly markets a good deal of corn is disposed cf. There is a brewery in the town, and extensive corn mills in the neighbourhood. The retail trade is also comparatively good. The parish church, Roman Catholic chapel, and two Methodist meeting- houses are in the town; the Presbyterian meeting- houses in its vicinity. The Ulster canal runs within a short distance of the town. Clones lays claim to very high antiquity. In its ecclesiastical records it is stated, that an abbey, dedi- cated to St. Peter and St. Paul, was founded here in the sixth century, and that the principal thereof was the first mitred abbot in Ireland. On the south side of the town are the fragments of some ancient church buildings, and near them one of the round towers. The country around Clones, in common with the adjoining parts of the counties of Cavan and Ferma- nagh, is varied with low, round, fertile, hills; and the intervening flat grounds are singularly intersected with numerous small lakes and marshes. Two miles below the town, on the road to Belturbet, and close to the Finn river is Carra-house; and at three miles, Farmhill. West of the town on the New- town Butler road are Summerhill, Johnstown, and Scots- borough. Lisnaroe is a little to the north, and Lough 434 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. our road, which leads to Drogheda. To the right of the latter is Mead’s-brook. Proceeding, the country gradually improves in its surface, culture, and general appearance. The hills of Garristown and Bellewstown on the right, the lower elevations into which the more fertile surface is now disposed, the hedge-row trees and the better farm houses which are met with, all tend to interest and gratify the traveller. Seven miles from Ashbourne we reach the cross roads of Balrath, where there is a Post-office and small bamlet. This place is remarkable from the small but well situ- ated demesne of Ballymagarvey, which lies to the left, and Somerville, the fine residence of Sir Wm. Somer- ville, Bart., the extensive plantations of which stretching for a great distance along our road, both beautify and form a striking feature in this part of the country. We here cross the Nanny water, a small stream which rises in the high grounds on the west, as it escapes from the irriguous valley of Somerville in its course to the eastern coast. Opposite to Somerville demesne on the left we pass the neat farm villas of Balrath, Snugborough, and Mullaghfin, and running through a rich and consider- ably varied country, improved by good farms and houses on either side, at about five miles from Somerville, reach the river Boyne. There is no part of the country from Dublin to Derry, as seen from the road, more beautiful than the view obtained in descending from the high grounds of Fen- nor tothe Boyne. The broad river flowing in the most graceful outlines through the narrow, lovely valley, be- neath the grey, and massive towers of Slane Castle, with all its baronial] accompaniments on the left—the spacious flour mill, with its ample appurtenances on the right— and the opposite heights crowned with wood, form a grand, and, at the same time, very picturesque scene. Slane Castle, the fine baronial residence of the Mar- quess of Conyngham, is beautifully situated on a natural terrace on the left bank of the Boyne. The building is spacious, and, though simple and plain in its outline, NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 433 rally prevail will add but little to interest even those devoted to rural affairs. The greater part of the lands is in the occupancy of graziers who are generally in- different farmers; but there are many good tillage farms and houses scattered throughout the plain ; these, however, form mere specks in the great expanse, and few of them are discernible from the road. There are also several small villages on either side of the road, but they lie at a considerable distance from it, and are occupied by laborers. At five miles pass on the right Dunsoghly Castle ; at six The Bay, and Hollywood Rath; at seven enter the county of Meath; and at ten miles reach ASHBOURNE, a small town containing two Inns, with good posting, and several small retail shops. This town, which is watered by a stream which falls into the sea near Swords, has been erected within the last fifteen years by the spirited proprietor Frederick Bourne, Esq., who with his brothers, led the way in the great im- provements which have been of late effected in public conveyances and roads in this country. To the left of the town is an old square building, now called the Castle of Ashbourne, and adjoining is the course where horse-races are frequently, though not at regular periods, held, and on particular occasions well attended. About two miles and a-half to the left of the town, on the cross road leading to Dunshaughlin, is the village of Ratoath, containing a neat Church, Parsonage, and large Roman Catholic Chapel. The Manor of Ratoath, the residence of J. Corballis, Esq. adjoins the village. The Danish mound, usually called the Moat of Ratoath, from its elevation, forms a remarkable feature in the comparatively naked country around. It is stated that Malachy, the first monarch of Ireland, held a convoca- tion of the petty princes here. Kilbrew, the former residence of the Gorges, now the estate of W. Murphy, Esq., with its extensive plantations, is seen a little to the left about two miles from Ashbourne; and at four from the latter and four- teen from Dublin, we reach the first great division of 2F 436 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. quit this part of the country without directing the atten- tion of the traveller to the beautiful scenery along the Boyne for several miles above and below the town. About four miles below Slane, on the left banks of the Boyne, is the Moat of New Grange. This high, Danish mound is remarkable from its caverned interior, built in the form of a cross, and the long low subterra- neous passage leading to it. The spreading plains, low scattered hills, and gentle undulations which we traverse in our journey from Dublin to Slane, on crossing the Boyne, are succeeded by a continued series of low fertile hills running north- ward to the sea, and which vary in their shape, height, and proximity to each other as they approach the inter- vening ranges of mountains. Proceeding to Drumconra we leave the high range of hills which lie between Slane and Collon on our left, among them Slieve Bregh and Bell Patrick rising from 700 to 800 feet, and wind our way through the lesser hills we have just noticed. At about four miles from Slane we pass over a considerable elevation called the White hill, from whence a goodly prospect of the surrounding country is obtained. Near us are some of the fairest portions of Louth and Meath; and at a distance the higher parts of Monaghan and Cavan. In summer this fertile tract of low, round smiling hills, with the narrow valleys winding around them, is exqui- site ; and when Autumn spreads her treasures to the sun, it is rich beyond comparison. Pursuing our way through this naturally rich and beau- tifully undulating country we pass Tankardstown, F. Blackburne, Esq.; at six miles Parsonstown-house ; at seven and a-half the Hamlet, Church and Glebe of Syd- dan, alittle beyond which is Julianstown and Rockfield ; at nine Aclare-house, the seat of H. Singleton, Esq. ; Aclare-lodge, the residence of Mr. Moore; Newstone, Mr. Forbes ; and at ten miles, the romantically situated village of Drumconra, where there is a small Inn, at which post horses can be obtained. _ While the country between Drumconra and Carrick- macross maintains generally its hilly character, the sur- NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 435 has from its style and situation a very striking effect. The grounds of the park are in many places bold and romantic; and the lawn rises in softly flowing lines _ from the Boyne northerly to the adjacent summits. The dark and peaceful waters of the Boyne flow through the grounds for two miles, and its high steep banks are thickly covered with the most luxuriant foliage. The disposition of the plantations throughout the Park and along the surrounding heights which form its boundaries, add much to the beauty and interest of this beautiful residence. During the visit of George the Fourth to this country, in 1821, he was a guest here for several days. Along the banks of the Boyne upward the woods of Slane Castle join those of Beauparc, the delightful residence of Gustavus Lambart, Esq. The mansion, a plain square building, occupies a commanding situation on the summit of a high bank rising boldly from the Boyne, and enjoys a fine view of the river and its richly wooded banks, together with nearly all the plantations of Slane Castle. From Beauparc house to the Bridge of Slane, a dis- tance of three miles, the river scenery is not excelled in point of beauty even by the finest parts of the Black- water. Opposite Beauparc, on the left bank of the Boyne, is Stackallan House, the seat of The Viscount Boyne, and near it Causestown House, the residence of W. E. Grainger, Esq. A little above Beauparc, on the same side of the river, is Hayes House, the seat of Robert Bourke, Esq. The small town of Slane, through which we pass, ad- joins Slane Castle demesne, and is situated about a quarter of a mile beyond the Boyne. It contains a neat parish Church and Chapel, and a good Inn, where post horses can be obtained. The vicinity of the town is much beautified by the plantations of the demesne and the adjacent villas. Slane lays claim to high antiquity ; and it is said that the Abbey (the ruins of which now form a picturesque object in the plantations above the town) was founded at an early period. We cannot 438 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. face more broken with water, marsh, and bog. Near Carrickmacross, on the left, we pass Long field, Capragh, and Rahans; at two miles Donaghmoyne; at five, on the left, Broomfield ; at six Thornford, where we soon reach the plantations of Castleblayney demesne, the beautiful residence of Lord Blayney. The town of Castleblayney adjoins the demesne, and in its general aspect has the air of a place of business. It is regularly built, comparatively well lighted and cleaned, has a good Market-house, an excellent Inn, a neat Church, beautifully planted around, a commodious Roman Catholic Chapel, and a Presbyterian Meeting- house. There are few more interesting demesnes than that of Castleblayney—though it possesses no bold fea- tures, it enjoys some beautiful combinations of wood and water. It embraces the whole of the lovely lough Mackno, its pretty islets and softly swelling boundaries, and the rich foliage which now mantles the latter adds much to the splendour of the scenery. The plantations also clothe many of the surrounding heights, and while they increase the beauty of Lord Blayney’s residence, they add to the appearance and comfort of his respectable town. On one of the small islands in the lake are the ruins of an ancient fortress. The mansion of Castleblayney is a plain commodious structure. The country around Castleblayney is considerably intersected by bogs and marshes, and among the higher hills which are four miles north-east of the town, on the confines of the counties of Monaghan and Armagh— Mullyash rises to a height of 1,000 feet. The stream from lough Mackno enlarges the smaller lough Ross, and carries its tributary waters to the small river Fane, which runs through the centre of Louth, and falls into Dundalk Bay at Lurgan-green. Those conversant in rural affairs will observe the gradual change from large to small farms after passing the fertile fields of Meath; and the increase of these divisions as we proceed northward from Carrickmacross. In many parts of Monaghan and Tyrone through which our road lies, and indeed throughout the greater part of the more fertile tracts of Ulster, the farms appear NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 437 face becomes more varied and broken with low meadow Jands, marsh, lake, and bog. At three miles and a-half from Drumconra we reach the small lough of Ballyhoe, cross the small river Lag- gan, and enter the county of Monaghan and province of Ulster. Here, in 1539, a battle was fought by the English of the Pale under Lord Grey, and the northern Trish under O’Niall. A little beyond the Laggan, on the right, we pass Coolderry, the seat of George Forster, Esq.; at three miles reach Loughfay, the; fine seat of E. J. Shirley, Esq., where a handsome Elizabethan mansion has lately been built, and other extensive improvements effected here and throughout his estate. The grounds are aderned by the small but beautiful Loughfay which gives name to the demesne. About two miles from Loughfay, close to Monalty Lough, on the cross road leading to Dundalk, is Monalty, Mr. Gartland, and near it the house, village, and church of Ballymacknay. CARRICKMACROSS, the first town of any importance on this line, adjoins Loughfay demesne. It consists principally of one long street, one side of which belongs to Mr. Shirley, the other to the Marquess of Bath. Mr. Shirley, who has im- proved his division of the property, has also built an ex- cellent Inn, where good post horses and chaises can be obtained. Carrickmacross carries on a considerable retail trade with the populous surrounding country. It contains several good shops and houses in the main street ; there is also a brewery, several malt stores, and the largest dis- tillery in the district. At the weekly markets a good deal of business is done in the corn and provision trade. The Church is a neat stone building, and there are also places of worship for the Roman Catholics and Presby- terians. Adjoining the town is Listnisk. Carrickma- cross, and a large tract of the surrounding country, was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Lord Essex, and is now held by his descendants. From Carrickmacross to the neighbourhood of Castle- blayney there is not much to interest the traveller—the farms are smaller, the land worse cultivated, and the sur- 440 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. Monaghan holds its corporate rights from the charter of James the First. There appear no antiquities worthy of particular notice. The country around is much improved, and the sur- face agreeably varied by the hills common to the district. In various places, but particularly on the east towards the mountains of Slieve Beagh, they rise to a consider- able elevation, but generally speaking, they are low, and blend with the more gentle undulations. About one mile and a-half south of the town, on the road to Newbliss, is Rossmore Park, the handsome seat of Lord Rossmore, and adjoining it the villas of Camla and Ballyleck, The western suburbs are beautified by the plantations of various neat villas which are grouped in that direction, among them are Cornacossa, James Hamilton, Esq.; Hosefield, Ralph Dudgeon, Esq.; and Raconnell, Col. Lucas. Proceeding on our journey to Derry we pass, in the vicinity of Monaghan, Bessmount, Nixon Montgomery, Esq.; on the right Poplar Vale, Edward Richardson, Esq.; and on the left, cross at one mile the Blackwater, which rises in the Slieve Beagh mountains on the west, and carries the contents of many of the tributary streams of the counties of Monaghan, Tyrone, and Armagh, to the great central basin of Lough Neagh. The fine trees which in some places line the road, and those of the different improved farms and villas we pass through, add much to the appearance of the country. At three miles, near the cross roads, we reach J'rough lodge; at four the extensively wooded and improved demesne of Anketell’s Grove, the seat of William Anketell, Esq.. through which the stream called the Mountain river flows; and at five the village of Emyvale. The small thriving town of Glasslough is about two miles and a-half south-east from Emyvale, on the road to Tynan. This place has been greatly improved and encouraged by the Leslie family, to whom it belongs, and whose seat, Leslie Castle, adjoins the town. The large demesne includes two handsome natural lakes, and is extensively planted. The Castle has been of late mo- dernized and enlarged. It is pleasing to note the im- NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 439 as numerous as the families, and the fences as the indi- viduals thereof. Every man, no matter what his calling or circumstances may be, from the clergyman to the brogue-maker, is a farmer; and hence, the disfigure- ment of the country, the miserable culture, and the waste occasioned by the slovenly earthen fences, which must offend every one of good feeling and taste. This is not attributable to indolence, but to ignorance of hus- bandry, and of those divisions of labor which are neces- sary to useful knowledge, wealth, and comfort. There are two roads from Castleblayney to Monaghan, —nearly equidistant,—that by Castle Shane is the more interesting. On either road we have little to remark in addition to what we have already stated in reference to the general aspect of the country. At about five miles pass, on the left, Rockfield; at six the church of Clontebrit, near which is the hamlet and house of Mill- mount ; at seven Castle Shane, the fine seat of E. Lucas, Esq. M.P.; and at eleven, MONAGHAN, the chief town of the county of that name, and from its situation, population, and weekly markets, a place of considerable importance. The Diamond, or central square, and the three principal streets of the town which diverge from it, contain some good houses and shops. ‘The public buildings are the modern County Court-house and Gaol, and the other offices and hospitals common to county towns. A very handsome Church has lately been built; and the Presbyterians, Roman Catholics, Methodists, and Independents have also places of worship. In the vicinity is the diocesan school, founded by Queen Elizabeth, but principally supported by the clergy of the dioceses of Raphoe, Kilmore, and Clogher. A detachment of Infantry is generally quartered here. Markets for the sale of corn, pigs, &c., are held four days in the week ; and the weekly linen market on Mon- day is considered one of the best inthe county. The town is in a thriving state, and it is hoped that the Ulster canal, which runs close to it, will increase the trade. At present it is a place of considerable thoroughfare, and in addition to the conveyances from Dublin there is the daily cross mail from Belfast to Enniskillen. 4492 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. which Knockmany, one of the most striking of the lower hills, wooded to its summit, is a prominent object. A little beyond Ballygawley House commences the easy ascent of that portion of the high moorland tract which lies between Ballygawley and Omagh, generally called the Starbog mountains. Shantavny, the highest summit of this part of the hilly range, rises close on our left to an elevation of 1,000 feet, and around it there still remains a great tract of dreary bog land. Con- siderable inroads, however, have been made by the poor farmers on the peat moss, and the spots of green sward and tillage which now skirt the dark wastes, are at least a presage of future improvement. Descending the hills on the opposite side a good view is obtained of Omagh, the rich vale in which it is situated, and the surrounding mountains. From the adjacent higher elevations, and even from some points of our road, a general idea may be formed of the outlines of that vast highland district which occupies so great a portion of the counties of Tyrone, Donegal, and Derry. OMAGH, the county town of Tyrone, is situated on one of the numerous eminences’ here scattered throughout the devious and almost undefinable valleys which wind among the low and broken mountain ranges; and the principal street running down the sides of the little hill is inconveniently steep. This street, which, for its whole extent, forms our line of road, contains the principal shops and houses ; from it the minor streets and lanes branch off. The Court-house is attractive, from its elevated situation at the diverging of the main streets ; the Gaol is a large modern building on the north side of the town; and the various other municipal offices and Hospitals,’ as also the Church, Chapel, and Meeting-houses common to a town are in no wa remarkable. ‘The business of Omagh is confined to the fairs, weekly markets, and retail trade of the surround- ing populous districts. The depot of the north-west military district is now established here. The town was destroyed by fire so late as 1743—and what now appears is comparatively modern. NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 44] provements and extensions which have been effected in the town and neighbourhood in the mills for grinding corn, scutching and spinning flax, weaving, &c. A mile beyond Emyvale pass Fort Singleton, the residence of Thos. Crawford, Esq.; at three cross a branch of the Blackwater, where we enter the county of Tyrone, and soon reach the small town of AUGHNACLOY, consisting of one long street with several lanes branch- ing from it. The weekly markets are held on Wednes- day. The town contains a Church, Roman Catholic Chapel, Presbyterian, and Methodist Meeting-houses. About two miles to the left of the town, on the cross road leading to Clogher, are the ruins of Garvey- house—near them those otf Lismore Fort, erected by Sir Thomas Ridgeway in 1619; and at three miles on the banks of that branch of the Blackwater which waters the valley winding westward, is Favor Royal, the seat of John C. Moutray, Esq. Resuming our route, a little beyond Aughnacloy, pass on the right Storm-hill, R. M. Moore, Esq. ; and at three miles reach the small town of BALLYGAWLEY, the improving state of which is evident from the com- paratively neat and clean appearance of the houses; the large Distillery and Brewery; the neat new Church and Presbyterian Meeting-house. In common with all the northern towns, more or less of the linen manufacture is carried on; and what is unusual in this part of the country, a considerable quantity of gloves are manufactured, which are in good demand. The low fertile hills with the intervening valleys of various soils and characters through which our road has meandered from the Boyne to Ballygawley, a distance of fifty miles, are now succeeded by the central tracts of mountain and moorland which occupy so large a portion of the counties of Tyrone and Derry. These heights appear in our front, and stretch on the west around the demesnes of Cecil and Killifady—the latter, (about five miles distant) the seat of R. W. Maxwell, Esq. ; the former, (four miles) the extensive and beauti- fully planted residence of the Rev. Francis Gervais, in 444 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. confluence with the Owen-reagh river, another carrier of many mountain streams. The town was originally called Lislas; and from commanding the pass to the more northerly towns, was, as a military post, a place of im- portance. It was granted by Charles the First to Sir William Stewart, from whom it derives its present name; was burned by order of James the Second during the revolution, and not repaired till 1722. From some inattention, the improvements have not kept pace with that of the neighbouring towns, nor are they com- mensurate with its own interesting localities. Still there are a number of good houses in the centre of the town, and considerable business is done at the fairs and weekly markets. It contains a Church, Roman Catholic Chapel, two Presbyterian and two Methodist Meeting- houses. Near the town are the ruins of Harry Ivery’s Castle, and at the foot of Main-street, the house in which James the Second slept on his way to Derry. The situation is well defined in the topography of the district by the high hills which are well known under the rural names of Bessy Bell and Mary Gray. The latter lying a mile and a-half to the right, rises 836 feet; the former two miles to the left, attains an eleva- tion of 1,386 feet above the sea. About two miles from Newtownstewart, in the narrow valley which stretches along the base of the western slopes of Bessy Bell, is Baron’s Court, the fine seat of the Marquess of Abercorn, where extensive improve- ments, worthy of the rank and opulence of the noble proprietor, are in progress:—among them, that of planting the bleak, tame, unbroken slopes of the high hill which constitutes the principal features of the place. The stream running through the valley which the de- mesne occupies has been formed into a series of small sheets of water, and named loughs Mary, Fanny, and Catharine, probably in imitation of the pastoral appel- lations of the adjoining hills, or perhaps after some members of the family. Beyond the decoration of the Park, which after all is a mere item in the improvement of Lord Abercorn’s vast possessions, we are rejoiced that his Lordship’s attention has been directed to the NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 443 The dreary expanse of mountain and moorland stretch- ing on the east toward the shores of Lough Neagh, on the north to Lough Foyle, and on the west to the highlands of Donegal, commences a few miles from Omagh. Of course we here speak generally ; as these upland tracts embrace many smiling valleys, rich spread- ing plains, cultivated slopes, and wide straths teeming with fertility. Mullaghcarn, here the commencement of this mountain district, is about four miles north-east of Omagh. It is the second elevation in the range, being 1,778 feet above the level of the sea: several of the streams which flow down its western sides fall into the Cammin river a little above Omagh, and form the commencement of the Strule, which washes the northern base of the little hill on which the town stands, and waters Mountjoy Forest, the demesne of the former Earls of Mountjoy, and now the residence of C. J. Gardiner, Esq. This splendid demesne, commonly called Rash, is one of the largest and most extensively planted in the north of Ireland. It lies about two miles north-east from Omagh ; and, from the beautiful undulations of the ground, the extent and disposition of the plantations, will be interesting to every one fond of park and sylvan scenery. Mount- pleasant, along the plantations of which our road to Strabane passes, adjoins Mountjoy Forest, and several other villas are sheltered under its woods. About two miles south-west of Omagh, on the road leading to Enniskillen, is New Grove, Sam]. Galbraith, Esq. ; and at seven, in the bleak country which there stretches far around, is the poor village of Dromore. Six miles to the west, on the road to Castlederg, and at the northern base of the mountain of Dooish, is the small town of Drumquin. Two miles from Omagh, on our road to Derry, we cross the Poe stream, where it falls into the Strule—the latter bending off by the demesne of Mount-pleasant to refresh the grounds of Mountjoy Forest. At four miles we again meet the Strule, and enjoy its companionship to the small town of NEWTOWN-STEWART, delightfully situated on its banks a little below its 446 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. the Donegal streams to the Strule. A little above the confluence of the Derg and Strule is a large flax-spinning factory. At Ardstraw Bridge, where we cross the Derg, are some church remains ; and three miles above it the ruins of Scarvaherin Abbey. A mile below the confluence of the Derg, the Strule is augmented by the Douglas Burn, and thence the encreased volume of waters is called the Mourne. The road from Ardstraw passes through a pleasing,. ro- mantic, narrow valley, bounded by high fertile slopes. As we advance the rich spreading vale running up to the town of STRABANE is gradually disclosed. This town is watered by the Mourne, and surrounded by the most lofty mountains of the counties of Tyrone and Derry, among which, in the vicinity, Ligfordrum attains an elevation of 1,343 feet, and at fourteen miles eastward Sawel rises 2,236 feet above the sea. Strabane is the most important town between Dublin and Derry, whether we view it in regard to its situation, population, or trade. It is one of our best Jinen mar- kets, and carries on a considerable business in the ex- port of provisions. The retail trade is extensive. The older streets of the town are ill suited for business; but the modern parts contain good streets, shops, and houses. Though respectably inhabited and well circumstanced in all the localities appertaining to a country town, it is far from being neat, well arranged, clean, or orderly; circumstances the more remarkable, as there are few existing leases, comparatively speaking, and the town is wholly the estate of Lord Abercorn. Situated in, but on the margin of Tyrone, within a mile of Lifford, the Assize town of Donegal, (the poorest and smallest of all our county towns,) Strabane enjoys all the advantages arising from the Assizes, General Ses- sions, and Meetings of that neighbouring county. Strabane contains a Church, Roman Catholic Chapel, two Presbyterian, and two Methodist Meeting-houses, with the various public offices common to a district town. It is situated on the Mourne, as we have before NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 445 amelioration of his tenantry, and introducing a better system of husbandry. Much may be expected in the altered appearance of this part of the country in a few years, if the dawning improvements which can even now be traced as we travel through this estate from Newtown Stewart to Strabane ‘and onward to Letterkenny, are carried forward steadily on fixed prin- ciples :—the great first steps in agricultural advance- ment, and the least understood both in the north and south. Four miles and a-half east from Newtown Stewart is the small town of Gortin, and adjoining, the demesne of Beltrim, the seat of A. W. C. Hamilton, Esgq., romantically situated between the mountains of Munter- lowney and the hill of Mary Gray, and watered by the Owenreagh, which bears along the contributions of the various rivulets and numerous rills issuing from the mountains lying eastward to the Strule at Newtown Stewart. Gortin, the principal assemblage of houses in this mountain district, contains the parish church, and a small distillery,—the excellent produce of which has given to the town considerable celebrity. Among the numerous cultivated and thickly inhabited mountain glens which branch off Gortin and run through this district, there is a great deal of interesting scenery. Several of these glens, with their accompanying rivers, extend for many miles; and, as they are all traversed by roads leading to the more easterly towns in the counties of Derry and Tyrone, they are accessible. They are interesting, not merely to the admirer of nature’s works on a grand scale, but to those concerned in the moral and physical improvement of the country. A little above Newtown Stewart is the hamlet and castle of Moyle. ‘The road to Strabane keeps the winding, and in many places, well cultivated mountain valley, which is enliven- ed and beautified by the various rivers noticed in our progress. We meet at three miles from Newtown Stewart, the river Derg, which brings down the over- flowings of the celebrated Lough of that name, as well as the waters of the Mournebeg and several others of 448 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. Proceeding along the eastern side of the Foyle we pass through a thickly inhabited tract, containing among the prevailing marsh and bog lands on the one hand, and upland pastures on the other, several well culti- vated farms. At three miles and a-half we cross the Dennet Burn, at the mouth of which the Strabane canal joins the Foyle; at four, pass Grange, Hut- ton, Esq. on the left, where there is a ferry across the Foyle, and Thornhill and Tullarton on our right ; and at seven, leave the county of Tyrone. To the west is seen the high romantic part of the county of Donegal, which surrounds the villages of Newtown, Cunningham, and Castleforward and connects with the hill of Greenan. On passing Prehen, the beau- tifully situated demesne of Colonel Knox, we obtain a fine view of the ancient city of Londonderry, com- monly called DERRY. If historical recollections endear this place to every lover of liberty, its situation and time-worn walls must render it interesting to all admirers of picturesque sce- nery. Placed onan oval hill, which rises to a height of 119 feet and washed by the Foyle, herea tidal river of more than a furlong in breadth—encircled by its mas- sive grey walls, and broken into all that irregularity of. outline which the buildings of different heights along the steep acclivities present, the view of the old city from the approach to Waterside, the suburb lying on the right banks of the river, is very striking. The history of Derry from 546, when it is stated a Monastery was founded by St. Columb, up to the com- mencement of Elizabeth’s reign, is chiefly ecclesiastical. In 1566 the first British garrison appeared in Derry. In 1568 the town and fort was destroyed by an acci- dental explosion of the powder magazine, and aban-_ doned by the English ; but re-occupied in 1660 by Sir Henry Dowcra, who erected the adjoining Fort of Culmore,—and to him, in 1604, James the First granted the first charter for the establishment and regulation of the town. In 1608 it was again reduced to ashes, and the garrison put to the sword by Sir Caher O’Doherty. NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 447 observed, which meets the Finn, one of the principal rivers of the county of Donegal, a mile onward; where mingling with the tide-water their united currents, under the name of the Foyle, flow to the ocean. A canal, about three miles in length connects the town, with the deeper parts of the Foyle, and adds much to the facilities of its import and export trade. From the mouth of the canal the Foyle is navigated by vessels of considerable burthen, and a small steamer is employed to tug them to, and from Derry. The Fever Hospital and Milltown Lodge, the residence of Major Humphries, Lord Abercorn’s resident agent, are a little east of the town; at two miles to the north- east, beyond Strabane Glen, is Hollyhill, the seat of J. Sinclair, Esq.; and at six in the upland district be- yond Hollyhill is the village of Dunamanagh; adjoining it Earl’s Gift, and in the vicinity Stlver-brook and Lough Ash. On the west side, in the beautiful, fertile, and highly cultivated vale of Urney, along the banks of the Finn, are Castletown, Galany, Urney Park, and Urney house, with several other neat villas. The vicinity of Strabane is interesting. The rich back ground which is covered with the gardens and orchards of the town, blend with the more easterly mountains; in front the fertile and highly adorned vale of Urney, bearing a strong resemblance to some of the highland straths, is watered by the beautiful rivers Mourne and Finn. , From Strabane to Derry our road runs through the flat tract which is watered by the Foyle, holding gene- rally a parallel course with that large tidal stream. We keep along its eastern or Tyrone side, and, for seven miles from Strabane, about a mile and a-half from its margin. There is also a road along the western or Donegai side of the river, passing on the right Clonleigh, the Rev. W. Knox, and through the ancient, disfranchised borough of St. Johnstown and the village of Carrigans. This line is not travelled by the public coaches, but conveyances can be readily hired at Strabane; and to the tourist it will at least afford considerable varicty. HIN AQ porte perry 450 NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. handsome building, and the modern County Court-house and Gaol are in every way worthy of the town. To these we may add Walker’s Testimonial, a hand- some pillar erected in 1828, on the central western bastion of the wall, to the memory of that distinguished governor and his brave companions; the Corporation hall in the Diamond, the Infantry Barracks, and though last not least, the wooden bridge over the Foyle, in length 1068 feet and breadth 40 feet. The markets of Derry are, generally speaking, good ; the quays are commodious ; the trade, export, import, and retail, increasing; the traders and inhabitants respectable ; the town extending and improving in its municipalities and general education. Among the antiquities connected with Derry we may notice the Grianan of Aileach, one of the most interesting of our military remains, and the most extensive monument of the ancient Irish. It is said to have been the residence of the Northern Irish kings from the earliest ages of tra- dition to the twelfth century. Vestiges of the concen- tric ramparts of this Pagan ruin can still be traced. It is situated on the summit of the hill of Greenan, which is about three miles west from Derry on the shores of Lough Swilly, and rises 802 feet. In addition to the interest which the antiquarian will feel in the examination of this extraordinary remnant of the earlier ages, the view of the surrounding country is truly grand. _The vicinity of Derry is fertile, and the surface agree- ably varied by hills and prolonged valleys. On the north the low hills blend with the mountains of the peninsula of Inishowen, and, to the south, the ground gradually rises to the high central ranges of the counties of Derry and Tyrone. About four and a-half miles from the town, the tidal river Foyle, which is navigable for vessels of 600 tons burthen up to the town, falls into the estuary of Lough Foyle. Near the mouth of the river is Culmore Fort. In the north of Ireland, Derry ranks next to Belfast in extent of tonnage and general trade. We recommend the traveller to ascend the tower of the NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 449 In 1613 the Irish Society was formed; and a new charter of the town, under the name of Londonderry, ranted to the “‘ Society of the Governors and Assistants, ES of the new Plantation of Ulster,” who were bound to enclose the city. After various confiscations and restorations of this charter, a new one was granted by Charles the Second, on his restoration, under which the Irish Society now act. The memorable Siege of Derry lasted 105 days, having commenced on the 18th of April, 1689, and was raised on the lst of August following. The walls, gates, and some of the bastions, which enclosed the old city are stillentire, and are its most ancient remains; a few of the guns used defensively during the siege are still preserved in their original localities, as memorials of the noble stand made on that occasion by the good and the brave. The others, amounting to about forty, are, to use the words of the government survey, converted to the purposes of peate, serving as posts for fastening cables, protecting the corners of streets, &c. Within the walls, the streets have undergone but little change either in form or name since they were originally laid out. From a central square called the Diamond, in which stands the Corporation Hall, the principal streets, some of which are extremely steep, radiate at right angles towards the four original gates. The town, however, now extends greatly beyond the walls, and its suburbs are in many places highly im- proved. The ecclesiastical buildings are, the Cathedral, which is also the parish church of St. Columb, a massive and imposing structure, occupying the highest part of the town, but which has by no means been improved in its architectural character by the modern additions ;—the Episcopal Palace, which occupies the site of an Augus- tinian convent; the Free Church and Chapel of Ease ; four Presbyterian, one Independent, and two Methodist Meeting-houses ; and a Roman Catholic Chapel. The Diocesan School is the most important of the various educational institutions. The Lunatic Asylum for the counties of Derry, Donegal, and Tyrone, is a large, 2G 452 NO. CX.—DUBLIN TO BALLIBAY. ranges. Several beautifully romantic mountain glens branch off the vale through which flow streams sub- sidiary to the Faughan, and where the roads connecting the different parts of this mountain district run. The incorporated London companies. possess large tracts along the vale of Faughan, and have aided considerably in its improvement. No. CX.—DUBLIN TO BALLIBAY, BY CARRICKMACROSS. Miles. Carriekmacross, asin No. CIX. 3 | | 40 Ballibay, 5 : i. ll [51 Bauursay is situated on one of the roads leading from Carrickmacross to Monaghan. At present no public conveyances run that way; but it is readily reached from Carrickmacross, or by branching off No. CVIII. at Shercock. The country through which we travel is considerably varied with hill, marsh, and bog. We pass the hill of Corduff about two miles on our left, which is 800 feet high; and at five miles also on the same side, Farm-hill, a little te the left of which is the village of Bellatrain and Leughbawn, the latter noticed in No. CVIII.; to the right is the small Lough Eagish. The aspect and culture of the country improves as we proceed, and the various bleaching greens and comfortable houses attach- ed, add much to the general appearance. At about seven miles pass on the left the isolated and conspicu- ous hill of Bunnanimma, 886 feet in height, which being the highest in the district affords an extensive view of the singularly varied country around. At its northern base and a little to the left of our road, are the small loughs of Crieve, near which are Carnaveagh, Jos. Cunningham; Crieve, S. Cunningham; Drumfaldu, J. Cunningham, andCremorne-green, J. Jackson, Esqrs. Passing Agherlane on our right, soon reach the thriv- ing and business-like small town of BALLIBAY, which, since the establishment of the linen market, has NO. CIX.—DUBLIN TO LONDONDERRY. 451 cathedral, from whence he will not only command a perfect view of the town, its public buildings, and suburbs, but also of the river and estuary, together with the country for many miles around: and thus, at a glance, learn more of the topography of the district, and the localities of this far-famed city and its environs, than he would from the most accurate descriptions. Along the left bank or western shore of the river Foyle, on the road leading to Moville, in a continued line, are The Farm—Sir R. A. Ferguson, Bart., M.P. ; Boom-hall, the seat of the Earl of Caledon, now occu- pied by the Bishop of Derry and Raphoe; Brook- hall, Barre Beresford, Esq.; Thorn-hill and Ballyna- guard. The latter villa, the last in the line, is about three and a-half miles from the town and close to the old, and, from its historical connexions, interesting fort of Culmore. To the north of the town is the Bishop’s demesne, a place of no interest; and, in the romantic country up the river, near its left bank, on the road to Lifford, are the villas of Foylehiil, and Militown lodge—the former opposite to Prehen, the beautifully situated demesne of Col. Knox. South of Derry, on the road leading thence to Dun- given, near the suburb of Waterside, is Bellevue ;. at two miles on the banks of the Faughan river, Ashbrooke, W. H. Ashe, Esq., and Beech-hill, C. Skipton, Esq. ; at three The Cross, J. Smyth, Esq.; and at four Zhe Oaks, Acheson Lyle, Esq.; and Oaks Lodge, Hugh Lyle, Esq.; at seven the village and church of Clady, adjoining which is Cumber House, J. H. Browne, Esq. ; and at ten miles, Learmont, the seat of Barre Beres- ford, Esq. These seats are situated on or near the banks of the Faughan river, which rises at the base of Sawel moun- tain, and empties itself into Lough Foyle near Culmore fort. The vale of Faughan, through which the river flows, is in many places naturally beautiful, fertile, and highly improved; the hills on either side of the vale are bleak and moory, increasing in wildness and elevation as we advance towards the demesne of Learmount, where they blend with the higher mountain 454 NO. CXI.—DUBLIN TO AUGHER, ETC. recommend him‘to proceed at once to Aughnacloy, which increases the distance only two miles. In addi- tion to what we noticed of this part of the country in connexion with Aughnacloy, No. CIX., we have now to direct the traveller’s attention to Augher Castle, the seat of Sir James Richardson Bunbury, Bart., and to the adjoining village of Augher; one mile from the latter is Corrick, the Rev. Dr. Story; and at two the small town of Clogher, which contains the cathedral and the Episcopal seat of this ancient and important diocese. The town, which consists of about a hundred houses, is watered by one of the streams forming the head of the Blackwater; the cathedral is a plain ‘cruciform structure, well fitted up ; and the palace is a large mo- dern mansion surrounded by a fine park of 500 acres. Adjoining the town, on the west, is the deanery; a ‘little beyond it Daisyhill; and at five miles the vil- lage of Fivemiletown, close to which is Blessingburne Cottage, the residence of Col. Montgomery. The parish of Clogher contains 49,760 statute acres. The country around is very hilly and poorly culti- vated. On the east the hills connect with the great range of mountains running through the counties of Tyrone and Derry; and on the west with Tattymole, which rises to a height of 1,030 feet, and the ad- joining mountains of Fermanagh. As we proceed to Fintona,~ we pass at a mile on the right, Cecil, the fine seat of the Rev. F. Gervais, in which the hill of Knockmany and Lumford glen are remarkable features ; and close on the road Killifaddy, the handsome residence of T. W. Maxwell, Esq. Wind- ing among the low half-cultivated hills, at five miles from the latter, we reach the town of FINTONA, which is situated in a fertile vale, and surrounded by an improving though bleak, hilly country. The town is very irregularly built and contains but few good houses. 1t contains a church, Presbyterian and Wesleyan meet- ing-house, and a Roman Catholic chapel. The weaving of linen is carried on to a considerable extent both in NO. CXI.—DUBLIN TO AUGHER, ETC. 453 rapidly advanced in extent, genera] trade, and impor- tance. ‘The town is comparatively well built and laid out, and contains many good houses. The manufac- ture of linen is extensively carried on throughout the parish; and at the weekly markets a great quantity of flax is disposed of in addition to the usual produce of the country. The monthly fairs are well attended, and considerable sales of horses, horned cattle, and pigs are effected. The church and Presbyterian meeting-house are neat edifices ; the town is orderly and clean; and the public library, which contains nearly a thousand volumes, bespeaks the intelligence of the inhabitants of Ballibay. Adjoining the town is Ballibay house, the seat of A. French, Esq. on whose estate Ballibay is built. It is a modern handsome mansion, pleasantly situated on the banks of a small sheet of water called Lough Major, and adorned by a considerable extent of wood. The country around Ballibay, though intersected with a good deal of bog and marsh, is agreeably varied by the waving surface, the bold hills, and numerous small lakes, which are scattered around. The bleach-greens, with the villas of the proprietors; the neat farm-houses, better tillage, and the comfortable state of the cottagers, gene- rally considered, as compared with other parts of the country, add much to the appearance of this interesting district. No. CXI—DUBLIN TO AUGHER, CLOGHER, AND FINTONA, BY MONAGHAN AND EMYVALE. Emyvale, asinNo.CIX. . Augher, . ; . c Clogher, - Fintona, THESE small towns are reached by a shorter line than the above—the mountain road from Monaghan; but the traveller will find it more convenient to keep the mail-coach line to within two miles of Aughnacloy ; and, should he require to hire a carriage or horses, we 456 NO. CXIII.— DUBLIN TO NARIN. through them. The deeply indented shores are unin- teresting ; and except the few cultivated spots about the village, all around is bleak and dreary—mountain as well as moorland. Along the road to Narin there is little to relieve the eye from the constantly recurring bogs and lakes. We leave the large rabbit warren of Liskinmore which stretches along the dreary shore about a mile on our left; and also at four miles the headland and little bay of Daurus, where there is a small fishing village and coast guard station. Narin, if we can assign it a locality, consists of a few wretched cabins, inhabited by poor fishermen, along the east coast of Gweebarra bay, near to the island of Inishkeel, on which there are some monastic remains. There is a church, a glebe-house, and a Methodist chapel in the neighbourhood. The ocean sets in with great force along this part of the coast, and from the extent of drifted sand mingling with the rocks and moorland, the shores have a very wild and desolate appearance. No. CXIII—DUBLIN TO NARIN. SECOND ROAD, BY STRABANE, STRANORLAR, FINTOWN AND GLENTIES. Miles. Strabane, as in No. CIX. . A s 102 Castlefin, 3 A 6 é 5 | 107 Stranorlar, . 5 5 4 ; 6 | 118 Finntown, . . o : 13 | 126 Shalagan Bridge, “ 4 41) 1302 Glenties, { ; : : : 2 | 1322 Narin, 5 . . 7 | 1393 ‘Tis road to Ardara, as compared with the preceding, is eight miles longer ; but it is the shortest and best to all the intermediate places. There is a regular mail- coach conveyance as far as Stranorlar, where cars can be hired for the remainder of the journey, in which we regret to say the roads are bad, and the country, though wild and mountainous, in many places very uninteresting. As in the preceding road, we recommend the traveller to make Glenties his halting place. \ NO. CXII.—DUBLIN TO NARIN. 455 the town and surrounding country; and the weekly markets and monthly fairs are well attended. Ecclesville, C. Eccles, Esq. is close to the town; and about a mile to the east is Derrabard, S. Vesey, Esq. The village of Dromore is about five miles west of Fintona on the cross road leading from Omagh to . Enniskillen. Lake Mount, the residence of J. Hamil- ton, Esq. is about two miles south of the village. The country around is bleak, hilly, and in many places very boggy and uninteresting. No. CXII.—DUBLIN TO NARIN. FIBST ROAD, BY DONEGAL AND INVER. Miles. Inver, asin No. CV. 2 z = 118 Ardara, oe a tbe nats 8 | 126 Narin, . 5 . 5 1131 THE post station of Narin, consisting of a few straggling cabins, and situated in the county of Donegal on the northern shores of the remote peninsula formed by the bays of Gweebarra and Loughrosmore, is here intro- duced as an extreme point, to enable us to notice in order the desolate mountainous tract of country with which it is connected. Though the mail-car from Donegal to Killybegs passes daily through Inver, we recommend the traveller to engage a conveyance from Donegal for the journey to and from Narin, and to make the little Inn at Glenties, lately built, his halting place. Glentiesis five miles from Ardara, and the same from Narin. From Inver to Ardara our road winds through the dreary mountain valleys which partake of a still wilder character than those noticed along the coast, No. CV. The small village of Ardara is situated at the head of the narrow peninsula running between Loughros- more and Loughrosbeg bays. Close to the village is Woodhill. The Owencocker stream falls into the bay of Loughrosbeg, a little below the village, and the Owenea a mile to the north. A road runs into the peninsula between the bays ; and in summer the moun- tains may be traversed by the various paths running 458 NO. CXIII.--DUBLIN TO NARIN. of Henry Stewart, Esq. The plantations cover a con- siderable extent of the front of the hills which stretch north to the valley of Raphoe, and add much to the beauty of this romantic but bleak part of the country. Adjoining Ballybofey is Drumboe, the seat of Sir Ed- mond Hayes, Bart. M.P., whose extensive plantations also tend much to improve the appearance of the neighbourhood. This demesne is watered by the Finn, and, in the beautiful lawn which surrounds the tall square mansion, there are many stately trees, while the natural woods and younger plantations crown and adorn the adjacent heights. About four miles west from Ballybofey, on the road leading to the town of Donegal is the commencement of the Gap of Barnsmore, where the lonely Lough Mourne waters the glen,—the overflowings of which, under the name of the Mourne-beg, join the Finn at Ballybofey. Stranorlar and Ballybofey are the most westerly towns in this part of Donegal; they lie on the confines of that mountain district which occupies so great a por-, tion of the county. As we advance into the high lands, the partial cultivation which chequers the surface— softens the asperities of the rugged hills—and even gladdens the aspect of the rich alluvial plains around Stranorlar, gradually gives place to the steep mountain- side, unbroken save by the ravages of the winter tor- rent—the spreading dark moorland diversified by its little loughs, and all that wildness and sterility peculiar to an alpine region. At three miles from Stranorlar pass Glenmore; and at five Cloghan, the shooting lodge of Sir C. T. Style, Bart., M.P., romantically situated at the base of Altna- paste, a conical mountain rising to the height of 1,200 feet. Adjoining Cloghan are the church, glebehouse, and Roman Catholic chapel of Killiyock. Here the roads separate and meet again at Glenties; that to the north keeping along the banks of the Finn, (now diminished to a mountain stream), by the hamlet of Finntown and along the shores of Lough Finn. The other runs more to the south by the small lough NO. CXIII..—DUBLIN TO NARIN. 457 On clearing the environs of Strabane we proceed along the fertile and beautiful vale of Urney, which is watered by the Finn; passing Galanay, Smith, Esq.; Urney Park, Lady Galbraith ; Urney House, the beautiful residence of the Rector: at three and a-half miles cross the Finn a little beyond the hamlet of Clady ; and at five reach the small town of Castlefin, the point to which the tide flows. Our road now keeps generally along the cultivated and thickly inhabited banks of the Finn, the vale of which is considerably improved. The high banks on the north are broken and softened by alternate patches of tillage and pas- ture mingling with masses of protruding crag, on the south the surface blends with the dark sides of the hills which bound the valley. We soon pass the village of Killygordon ; a little to the south of which are Monellan, J. Delap, Esq., and Mounthall, W. Young, Esq. ; a mile and a-half beyond Killygordon pass Edenmore, J. Cochrane, Esq; Wood- lands, J. Johnston, Esq.; and at three miles reach the small town of STRANORLAR, consisting of one irregularly built street and where but little business is carried on. It contains a comfortable little Inn, where post horses and cars can be hired. About half-a-mile west of Stranorlar, is the small town of Ballybofey, where the markets are held, and the principal part of the retail trade for the supply of the surrounding mountain district carried on. This little town has been suffered to fall into a dilapidated state— indeed, neither Stranorlar nor it seem to be encouraged by the proprietors ;—this is to be regretted, as they are well suited for markets and retail trade; and as there are no other towns in the vast mountain district, through a part of which the remainder of our road lies. The country around is considerably improved, and there are several extensive bleaching greens near Stra- norlar and down the valley of the Finn. A mile to the south of the town is Summerhill, Johnston, Esq. ; and about the same distance to the north, Tyrcallen, the extensive, handsome, and beautifully planted demesne 460 NO. CXIV.—DUBLIN TO DUNGLOE, ETC. county of Donegal, stretching along the shore opposite to the island of North Arran, and including, in its general acceptation, the island of Rutland, and the numerous islands adjoining. From its wildness, diver- sified surface, broken coast, and contiguity to the north island of Arran, it is now frequently visited by tourists. In addition to the two roads we have given, Dungloe may also be reached from Letterkenny, at the same dis- tance as the road by Glenties; but the road is not yet in good repair. Indeed all the roads into this part of Donegal, beyond Glenties and Finntown, are as yet ill suited to carriages. As in the preceding road to Narin, we recommend the traveller to secure a conveyance for the journey at Stranorlar. Four miles from Finntown we cross the Gweebarra at Doocharry bridge, being the point to which the tide rises in this mountain river, and proceed across that part of the great granite plain of Boylagh, which stretches northerly to the river Gweedore. The surface is undulating and uniformly covered with dark peat, save the little loughs which fill the hollows, and the occasional spots of tillage around the increasing cabins. Crovehy, which we pass on the right, 1,033 feet high, is the principal summit in this dreary district. The small and remote village of Dungloe, with its church and chapel, &c., the last assemblage of houses we meet in this wild and poor tract of country, is situated at the head of one of the numerous unnavigable sandy bays into which this coast is broken, and is nearly encom- passed by salt and fresh water lakes. A good deal of the adjoining bogs have been reclaimed by the villagers. Here the district called the Rosses commences and extends northerly to the Gweedore river, embracing an area of about thirty square miles, and consisting in the interior of bog and lake in almost constant alternations. The bleak surface is covered with peat, and inter- sected in every direction by streams issuing from the little loughs which fill every hollow. Annagarry hill, 338 feet high, near the head of the Gweedore estuary, is the principal elevation. The coast of this district, which NO. CXIV.—DUBLIN TO DUNGLOE, ETC. 459 Ea, and Martin’s-bridge, and near the northern bases of the loftiest mountains in this part of the district, which stretch from the east end of the Gap of Barns- more, west to Glenties, and the more remarkable summits are easily defined ;—Croghnagur on the east, Silver-hill on the west, Bluestack in the centre—the latter the highest, rising 2,213 feet. | The northern branch which is in many places very hilly, keeps generally along the left banks of the Fi inn, and crosses various little tributary streamlets issuing from the branching mountain glens. The adjacent mountains are here comparatively low, and we meet a considerable number of cabins along the road with their accompanying spots of tillage. The eye is, however, somewhat relieved from the succession of bleak mono- tonous hill and moorland by Lough Finnand the scenery around. The lough is about two and a half miles long and very narrow. Two miles beyond it we meet the road leading to Dungloe, and at four the small village of Glenties, from whence the road continues through the dark heathy waste and along the barren sandy shores of Gweebarra to Ardara. Desolate as the shores of the north-west coast gene- rally are, the coasts of Gweebarra and Traweenagh bays present so lonely an appearance as to frighten away all idea ofhabitation. The inlets to these rivers are barred and full of sand, and all around, ocean, shores, and land, wear the most desert-like aspect. No. CXIV.-_DUBLIN TO DUNGLOE AND THE ROSSES. FIRST ROAD, BY FINNTOWN AND SECOND ROAD, BY MOUNT CHARLES DOOCHARRY BRIDGE. AND GLENTIES. Miles. Miles. Finntown, asin No. CXIII. 126 ||Mount Charles,asin No.CV. |115 Doocharry Bridges) 5 . ee 130 ||Sir Albert’s Bridge, . Haitzs eal Dungloe, ' c - 53{1352]|Glenties, —. : + 43/1263 Shalagan Bridge, . - 2411282 Ballynacarrick inchs - 2 11305 Dungloe, . . - 6 {136% Tue Rosses, which we have annexed to iinclos, is a remote undefined part of the barony of Boylagh, 462 NO. CXV.—DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. its improvement. In summer the tourist may proceed from the Rosses to Dunfanaghy by ferries across the inlets to Clogh bridge, or with guides to point out the passes at ebb tides along the strands, where he meets the coast road. Clogh bridge is ten miles from Dungloe. By the second route to Dungloe, the bad state of the road from Mount Charles to Glenties and the ferry across Gweebarra are serious impediments. We recom- mend those travelling this line to secure a conveyance at Donegal. From Mount Charles to Glenties we proceed by the western base of Binbane, which attains an elevation of 1,500 feet, and, for a couple of miles along the banks of the Owencocker stream. From Glenties to Shalagan bridge and thence to Ballynacarrick ferry, there is little to remark relative to the general appearance of the country, in addition to what we have noticed in con- nexion with the preceding roads. At Ballynacarrick Ferry the Gweebarra is a tidal river of nearly a quarter of a mile in breadth. About two and a half miles be- low Ballynacarrick, on the sandy shores of the Gwee- barra estuary, are the church and glebe house of Reshin, near the latter is Roshin point. Two miles from the ferry we reach Traweenagh bay, continue for a consider- able distance along its dreary shores, and, keeping generally a parallel course with the preceding road from Doocharry bridge, at four miles reach Dungloe. No. CXV.—DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. FIRST ROAD, BY STRABANE, LETTERKENNY, AND CHRCH-HILL. Miles. Strabane, as in No. CIX. : 1102 | Letterkenny, A , oN VTL 2 Chureh Hill, : Q 62,1292 Glenveagh Cross Roads, = 82/1253! Creeslough, .. 3 : 42/130 | Dunfanaghy, , 2 ; 4311342, Tur mail and stage coaches from Dublin to Derry run daily through Strabane, also the daily cross mail coach from Derry to Sligo. A well appointed mail car, carry- ing four passengers, in connexion with the above mails, NO. CXIV.—DUBLIN TO DUNGLOE, ETC. 461 extends from the little bay of Maghera northward to the estuary of the Gweedore, is, following generally the sinuosities, at least twenty miles in length; and, from the nature of the shores, vast accumulations of sand have been formed along the greater part of the line; and as in similar situations exposed to the fury of the Atlantic sea, the sands are continually drifting and ad- vancing inland. The whole presents an extraordinary appearance, from the numerous islets of rock and sand, smooth beaches, bays, and coves, into which the per- meable surface has been formed by the ceaseless action of the heavy Atlantic wave. Inishfree upper, Rutland, Owey, and Cruit, are the principal islands connected with the shore; the first two are about three miles west of Dungloe, the latter two, near Mullaghderg, which is six miles from Dungloe, on the road to Gortahork. Rutland island, about one mile long by half a mile broad, is a place of some interest from the public and private money which was expended here about the year 1786, by way of en- couraging the herring fishery, then very abundant. But the scheme failed, the herrings having left the coast, and drifting sands now cover the greater part of the island. Some of the buildings remain and are occupied by the revenue police, fishermen, and a few artificers. Arranmore, or the north island of Arran, so called to distinguish it from the islands of the same name in Gal- way bay, is about a mile from Rutland. It contains 4,335 statute acres, of which 650 are tillage and pas- ture, the remainder rock and bog. There are about 200 families resident, chiefly engaged in fishing. There isa small Roman Catholic chapel anda light-house, the latter not now used. The summit of the island rises 745 feet above the level of the sea. There is a considerable population scattered along the shores of the Rosses. Bridle roads run in various directions, and some advances in cultivation have been made by the occupants on the dreary swamps and heath- clad wastes. This and a great extent of surface in the county of Donegal is the property of the Marquess Conyngham, whose attention we hope will be turned to 464 NO. CXV.—DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. agreeably varied and well cultivated. Abouta mile to the north of the town is Greenhil/s, W. Fenwick, Esq. 3 and two miles to the west is the village of Convoy, ad- joining which is Convoy, the seat of R. Montgomery, Esq. On our way to Letterkenny, we pass at a mile and a half from Lifford, Cavanacor, the residence of B. G. Humphrey, Esq.; and at four miles meet the road branching to Raphoe, by which the mail bags are sent, and travellers by the car conveyance generally proceed ; and at eight miles the road leading to the village of Manor Cunningham—the latter romantically situated on the high and beautifully broken grounds which stretch eastward to Derry; and the church and meeting- house grouping with the cottages, produce a very picturesque effect. As we proceed we command from the higher parts of the road a good view of Lough Swilly, the numerous seats which adorn its northern banks, and the magnifi- cent assemblage of mountains, which, rising summit over summit, cover the northerly parts of Donegal from Bloody Foreland to Inishowen head. Crossing the valley of the Swilly, and the Swilly also, by the Port bridge, being the point at which the navigation of the estuary ceases, we reach LETTERKENNY, the second town in point of population in the county of Donegal, consisting principally of one long strag- gling street; but unfortunately for its trade, situ- ated on the side of a steep hill nearly a mile from the port. The little harbour so called, is at the head of the estuary, up to which vessels of 150 tons burthen sail ; and by which, considering the remote situation, a con- siderable export trade is carried on. The town, the only one in this part of Donegal having any good shops, supplies the more northerly parts of this moun- tainous country. It contains three Presbyterian meet- ing-houses, a Roman Catholic chapel, a church, and the various public offices, common to a district country town. ; The country around Letterkenny is highly romantic, NO. CXV.—DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 463 runs daily from Strabane to Letterkenny, and at the latter place good post horses, cars, and carriages, can be obtained. In preceding roads, the vicinity of Strabane has been generally noticed. Half a-mile from the town we reach the bridge thrown a¢ross the confluence of the Mourne and Finn, where their united streams meet the tide water, and, under the name of the Foyle, flow to the main. On crossing the Foyle, we enter the county of Done- gal and Lifford its poor assize town. This town, which appears to have been early distinguished as the residence of the O’Donnells, chiefs of that district, was, with 500 acres of the adjoining lands, granted by James the First to Sir R. Hansard, to whose descendants a portion still belongs. The town, however, wasneglected, and consequently never rose to any importance, and although it contains the court-house, gaol, and other public offices of the county of Donegal, all the trade and business are carried on at Strabane. It consists princi- pally of two streets, containing about 1000 inhabitants. From Lifford to Letterkenny our road runs through one of the finest parts of the county of Donegal. The country is more open—the surface is disposed in more gradual, more beautiful, and better marked undulations than the parts of Tyrone we have just travelled through. The road now generally travelled to Letter- kenny leaves Raphoe a little to the left. The beautifully situated small town of Raphoe is five miles west from Strabane. From its ecclesiastical history it appears to have been long a diocesan seat. As regards the established church, however, it is no longer the seat of a Bishop—the See having been united to Derry in 1835. The cathedral is a plain old building, and the palace of the former bishops stands in a handsome park adjoining. The deanery is a short distance from the town. RapHoe, which chiefly consists of three small streets, is well built and respectably inhabited. At the fairs and markets a good deal of agricultural produce is disposed of ; the country around is fertile, the surface 466 NO. CXV.—DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. Veagh, we cross the Owencarrow, the stream which carries its waters to Glen Lough, and at four miles reach the village of Creeslough, to the right of which, on the shores of the estuary which forms the head of Sheephaven, is Doecastle, the seat of the Hart family. The mansion is a plain castellated structure, formerly a fortified residence. As we proceed along the sandy shores of the estuary, pass at a mile on the right, Ards, the fine seat of Alexander Stewart, Esq. The house is a handsome modern structure, and the exten- sive demesne occupies a peninsula formed by the inlets of Sheephaven. Marble-hill, the modern mansion of G. Barclay, Esq., is also passed on the right within a mile and a-half of the town of DUNFANAGHY, situated on the shores of that small inlet of Sheep- haven, which almost isolates the peninsula of Horn- head, and affords shelter for the largest ships. It is the head quarters for the coast guard of the district, and, although it contains only 460 inhabitants, is the chief town in this remote part of the country, and the place where the fairs and weekly markets are held. Hornhead house, the residence of W. Stewart, Esq., is near the town ; and connected with the demesne is one of the largest rabbit warrens along the coast. The dreary headland of Hornhead, bounded on the east by Sheephaven and on the west by the Atlantic, commences at the demesne, and extends two miles northerly. The highest summit is 830 feet abovethe sea. In addition to the interest which the traveller, fond of marine scenery, will feel in the bold beetling rocks and dismal sandy coves of this headland, he will be attracted by the far-famed M‘Swine’s gun, one of the most remarkable of the numerous perforations which the ocean waves have made in our sea-girt coast. Impelled by the winds, the waters rush with boundless fury into the low cavern, and are forced up the con- nected vertical aperture to a height of between 200 and 300 feet, with a noise which is sometimes heard several miles inland. Four miles west of Dunfanaghy, on the NO. CXV.—DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 465 broken, and rocky; and, although the valley of the Swilly terminates a little above the estuary, the glen through which the wild river winds is very picturesque. As we leave the town we pass through Ballymacool, the beautifully situated demesne of J.J. Boyd, Esq. ; opposite to which, on the right bank of the Swilly, is Rockhill, the highly improved seat of J. V. Stewart, Esq. ; a little beyond Ballymacool is Glendooen, the glebe house of the Rector of Letterkenny; and at three miles and a-half from the town, Fowxhali, the finely situated residence of J. Chambers, Esq. The plantations around Foxhall, and the broken woodlands of the glebe which stretch along the partially cultivated sides of the hills for a considerable extent, add much to the appearance of this very romantic part of Glen Swilly. From Foxhall, the country gradually assumes a wilder character ; at seven miles we pass the village of Church-hill, and near it the beautiful Lough Gartan, on the shores of which is the delightfully situated demesne of Daniel Chambers, Esq. ‘This little lough, which fills one of the numerous glens which diversify this part of the country, is about two miles long, and bounded on the north by a range of hills of considerable elevation. On crossing the Gartan stream, which falls into the Leanan river a few miles below the bridge, and passing the glebe-house, which is prettily situated on the neck of land between Loughs Gartan and Akibbon, we pur- sue our way through the straths and valleys which inter- sect this mountain country. Three miles and a-half from Lough Gartan, we pass at about a mile to the left, the lovely Lough Veagh, the most romantically situated of all the Donegal lakes. It is three miles in length and about half-a-mile in breadth, occupying the glen, at the base of Dooish mountain, which rises abruptly 2,000 feet above the surface of its deep and lonely waters. Its southern banks are adorned by the beautiful natural woods of Mullangore; the summits of Glendowan rise high to the west, and all around is wild, grand, anduimpressive. At about two miles from the road leading to Lough ‘ 2H 468 NO. CXVII.—DUBLIN TO CLADY BRIDGE, ETC. the broken and romantic country lying between the towns of Letterkenny, Rathmelton, and Kilmacrennan. | Lough Salt is remarkable for its depth, which is 204 feet, and the elevation of its surface 815 feet above the level of the ocean. The little sheet of water is encompassed with mountains, and the character of the scenery is wild and lonely. From Lough Salt mountain, which rises from the shores of the lake to a height of 726 feet, an extensive prospect is obtained of the country and coast for many miles around; and in descending to the village of Glen, we see the bays of Sheephaven and Mulroy, and their dreary, sandy coasts. The village and church of Carrigart are situated about three miles north of Glen, on the narrow neck of land lying between the eastern shores of Sheephaven and Mulroy bay. Roads extend from the village through the wild peninsula of Rossguil to the wretched fishing villages along the extreme parts of this desolate coast. The shoals render the navigation of the estuaries, which run far inland, dangerous, and the drifting sands have covered several parts of the narrow peninsula lying between them. Close to Carrigart there are vast accumulations of sand. About a mile north of that village, so late as 1784, stood Rosapenna house, the seat of the late Lord Boyne, now, not a vestige is to be seen—all is covered with sand. No.’ CXVIL—DUBLIN TO CLADY BRIDGE, AND FALCARRAGH, IN CLOGHANEELY. TO CLADY BRIDGE, BY LETTER- TO FALCARRAGA, BY LETTERKENNY KENNY AND GLENVEAGH. AND CALABBAR BRIDGE. Miles. Miles. Glenveagh Cross Roads, as Calabbar Bridge, . . : 1292 in No.CXV. . Li oa 1253||Falearragh, . .. . «| 7 |1363 Glenveagh Bridge, . .| 12 1272 . Calabbar Bridge, f . | 1g}1293 Dunlewy, . é . + | 431134 Clady Bridge, . . . | Gal 1403 We put Clady Bridge and Falcarragh (mere hamlets consisting of a few poor cabins) as extreme points in NO. CXVI.—DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. 467 road leading along the shore, are the church and rectory of Ballyconnell; at five the hamlet of Cross Roads: and at six Falcarragh, near which, on the dreary shores of Ballyness bay, are the church, glebe-house, and Roman Catholic chapel of Tulloghobegley. Between Dunfanaghy and Falcarragh there is a great extent of good land, and the country is considerably inhabited. We may here notice Tory Island, which is north- west, about three leagues from Dunfanaghy, containing seventy families. It is about three miles in length and one in breadth, comprising about 785 acres, chiefly mountain and rock with sandy shores. The inhabitants support themselves by tillage and fishing. On the north point of the island is a light-house erected in 1832; the lantern is elevated 122 feet above the level of the sea at high water. ‘The ruins of a round tower, some crosses, and several ecclesiastical buildings, said to have been seven churches, exist; also an old building, called by the inhabitants Ballaa’s Castle. On the east side of the island there is shelter for vessels in eighteen fathoms water, within half a-mile of the shore. In August, 1826, a severe storm visited the island from the north-west, which drove the sea in immense waves over it; all the crops were destroyed and the springs filled up.. The inhabitants were, in consequence, re- duced to a state of great destitution. No. CXVI—DUBLIN TO DUNFANAGHY. SECOND ROAD, BY LETTERKENNY, KILMACRENNAN, AND LOUGH! SALT. Miles Letterkenny, as in No. CXV.. rake 1153) Kilmacrennan, .« . sare 5 » | 5 [1203 Lough Salt, rei, is BALES : - | 32/124 Glen, . ° : . | Rie 5 «| 2241263) ., Creeslough, . é F 5 ’ . | 82}l292 Dunfanaghy, . A A “ 4 . | 42iBes Passinc the village, church, abbey ruins, and. glebe- house of Kilmacrennan, which are situated in a pretty valley, watered by the Leanan, we commence the ascent to Lough Salt, in which we obtain a goed view of 470. NO. CXVII.—DUBLIN TO CLADY BRIDGE, ETC. Veagh. In the south are seen many of the towering summits which diversify the dreary wastes of Boylagh and Bannagh; and on the west, the Rosses and the comparatively flat coast extending northerly, studded with little loughs and deeply indented with the sea bays which form such impediments to the traveller, together with all the islets and rocks lying between the islands of Arran and Tory. From the hamlet of Moneymore, which is situated at the base of Arrigal, our road runs along the north bank of Lough Nacung and the river which flows from it to the bridge of Clady, where we meet the coast road running round Cloghaneely by Bloody Foreland to Dun- fanaghy. The road to Falcarragh Cross Roads, and Ballycon- nell, branches off the preceding at Calabbar Bridge ; and at two miles reaches the mountain of Muckish, which, in point of importance, ranks next to Arrigal— it attains a height of 2190 feet, and its narrow ridge like top presents a striking contrast to the peak of that neighbouring summit. It is difficult of access from the steepness of its sides; but from it, in clear weather, a magnificent prospect is obtained of many parts of the country, and particularly of the bays of Sheephaven, Mulroy, and Lough Swilly, which penetrate the county of Donegal so deeply. The white silicious rock, of which Muckish, in common with many of our higher summits, is formed, is in some places disentegrated by the agency of the elements into fine pure sand; and some years ago quantities were collected and sent to the Dumbarton Glass Works. As regards mountain scenery, perhaps, there is noth-: ing finer in Donegal than the Glen under Muckish through which our road runs—there is a wildness and sternness of character which we seldom meet with even in the dreary solitudes of this district. As we proceed, however, along this winding and romantic road, the scenes soon soften, the surface improves, and the deep blue ocean gradually opens to view. NO. CXVII.-—DUBLIN TO CLADY BRIDGE, ETC. 469 the above roads, to enable us to notice the district of Cloghaneely, one of the least known in the county of Donegal, though perhaps the most interesting to the tourist—embracing as it does Arrigal and Muckish, the finest of its mountains. In all the roads passing through Letterkenny, we recommend the traveller to secure a conveyance at that town; and we remind him in this instance, that the only baiting places on the first road between Calabbar Bridge and Clady are one or two small public houses near the base of Arrigal. In the second road there are also some public houses near the base of Muckish, but we advise the traveller to proceed from Falcarragh to Dunfanaghy, where he will find better sleeping quarters, and to return from Clady bridge to Letterkenny. Lough Veagh we have noticed in the preceding route. From Calabbar bridge we proceed along the new road by Dunlewy to the sea, passing through an interest- ing and reclaimable mountain valley, the boundaries of which are high and imposing. Dunlewy House, the occasional residence of J. Dom- brain, Esq., is situated near a small lough of that name which connects with the larger lough Nacung. The two are about four miles long and half a-mile broad, and form the source of the Clady, they stretch along the southern base of Arrigal, and add much to the splen- did scenery around that mountain. Arrigal, which is the great feature of the district, and the highest moun- tain in Donegal, raises its conoidal summit to the height of 2462 feet. The ascent to it is easy by com- mencing about a mile to the eastward, where the sides of the mountain gently blend with the high adjoining moorlands. From the summit of Arrigal, under favorable circum- stances, a magnificent view is obtained of a great part of the mountainous district of Donegal and of a long range of coast. The valley through which our pre- sent road runs is seen in all its length and windings. The pretty Lough Nacung lies sparkling below; and farther to the east are the serrated tops and rugged steeps of Dooish, which enclose the lovely Lough 472 NO. CXVIII.—DUBLIN TO RATHMELTON, ETC. around the town a good deal of linen is manufactured. Although there is no pier, some exports are made in such small vessels as sail up the harbour. Rathmelton con- tains some good houses and two small Inns, at which cars can be hired. Fort Stewart, the seat of Sir James Stewart, Bart., is situated near the Ferry on the banks of Lough Swilly, about two miles south of the town; and near it Shell- field. In the demesne of Fort Stewart are the ruins of Killydonell Abbey. Above the town on the cross road leading to Kilmacrennan, are Ballyarr, J. Cochran, Esq. and Clara, J. Watt, Esq. The road from Rathmelton to Rathmullen keeps along the shores of Lough Swilly, and commands from several points, good views of that part of the estuary and its opposite shores. The country, as in the pre- ceding portion of the road, presents a succession of rough hills, rocks, and valleys, to which a considerable extent of natural wood gives additional interest. We pass on the left Glenalla, the beautifully situated resi- dence of Mr. Hart. The extensive natural woods of Hollymount, N. Batt, Esq. follow and_ stretch along the banks of the Lough to the neighbourhood of the small town of Rathmullen, which, in its single street, church, modern battery, and some vestiges of ecclesi- astical and castellated ruins offers but little to arrest the attention of the traveller. A little below the town, on the banks of the Swilly, are The Lodge, the residence of N. Batt, Esq., and Fort Royal, Charles Wray, Esq., and below it Drumalla House and Killygarvan Glebe. The road continues along the Swilly for about five miles to the base of Knockalla, which rises to the height of 1,200 feet above the sea, and presents a continuation of varied views, successively increasing in interest as we proceed down the Swilly. The country on the one hand is in many places beautiful and almost everywhere broken by rug- ged and picturesque undulations; on the other the waters of the estuary are deeper; the shores on this side as well as on the opposite coast of Inishowen be- come bolder and more defined ; and the small batteries, 471 No. CXVIII—DUBLIN TO RATHMELTON AND RATHMULLEN, BY LETTERKENNY. Mites. Letterkenny, asin No. FAks, 1153! Rathmelton, i 4 6 | 1212 Rathmullen, 5 [1262 On the arrival of the mail car at Letterkenny, another car also carrying passengers starts for Rathmelton, where conveyances can be had. The little towns of Rathmelton and Rathmullen are situated on the western shores of Lough Swilly. The former at the head of a bay, branching from the main channel of the estuary, up which small craft sail. Rathmelton can also be reached by roads branching off the Strabane and Letterkenny line, No. CXV., which passes within a short distance of the villages of Manor Cunningham, Newtown Cunningham, and Castle For- ward, crossing the Swilly by the ferry at Fort Stewart. The delays and other inconveniences, however, occa- sioned by the Ferry are considerable, and the distance is only two miles less. From Letterkenny we pass along a tract of country considerably varied by hill and dale, rock and bog. In the romantic grounds near the town, pass on the left Gortlea ; Kiltoey, the residence of the Rev. W. Boyd ; and on the right, close on the shores of Lough Swilly, Oak Park, W. Wray, Esq. ; CastleWray, Ralph Mans- field, Esq.; Castle Grove, Mrs. Brooke; and at four miles and a-half on the left, the large glebe-house and demesne of Aghnagaddy. There are few more beautifully romantic spots than Rathmelton and its rural vicinity. This thriving little town is watered by the Leanan, a pretty stream which, flows from Gartan lough through a picturesque and beautifully wooded glen to Lough Swilly. The country around is agreeably varied and considerably improved. The town contains two Presbyterian meeting-houses, a Methodist chapel, and a church :—the Roman Catholic chapel is at some distance. There are extensive corn mills and stores, a brewery and bleach-green. In and 474 NO. CXX.—DUBLIN TO BUNCRANA, ETC. Passing between Knockalla and Mulroy bay we reach the hamlet of Rosnakill, two miles to the east of which, on the shores of Ballymastocker bay, one of the numerous inlets running off lough Swilly, is the demesne of Green- fort; on the road to Fannet Point, at a mile from Rosnakill, we pass Croghan House, and Spring field House. As we approach the ocean, the peninsula of Fannet is greatly indented by numerous inlets and inter- sected by branches of Mulroy bay, which penetrate many miles in various directions. The surface is also greatly broken by drifted sands, marshes, and loughs ; still, population and cultivation have advanced, and clusters of huts, with their accompanying spots of miserable tillage, are seen throughout the most remote . parts of Fannet and even along the shores of this wild inhospitable coast. Fannet Point is at the west side of the entrance to Lough Swilly. The light-house erected there is well known to mariners. A little to the east of it and about three miles off the shore, the Saldanha frigate was wrecked in 1804. Bridle roads penetrate this district in various directions, and there are ferries across the Swilly to Inishowen, and across Mulroy bay to Rossguill. From the top of the light-house a good view is obtained of the mouth of Lough Swilly, and the singularly varied sandy shores and bays lying westward. No. CXX.—DUBLIN TO BUNCRANA AND THE ISLAND OF INCH, BY LONDONDERRY. TY BUNCRANA. TO THE ISLAND OF INCH. Londonderry, asin No. CIX.) 1113 Londonderry, ° )113§ Buncrana, 5 4 [pes Island vf Inch, by the Ferry of Quiglass, . 7 | 1903 Buncrana is conveniently reached by various vehicles running from Derry. Proceeding by the eastern sub- urb of the city, at four miles we reach the Swilly. The ruins of Burt Castle and Burt House, the residence of Andrew Ferguson, Esq. lie to the left on the shore of the lough and near the base of Greenan hill. Cross- NO. CXIX.—-DUBLIN TO FANNET POINT. 473 which command the passage of the lough, occupying the more prominent points, add much to the interest of the scenery. From Rathmullen, roads branch in various directions to Mulroy bay, thence to Rosnakill, which is noticed in our succeeding road. No. CXIX.—DUBLIN TO FANNET POINT, BY LETTERKENNY, MILLFORD, AND ROSNAKILL. Letterkenny. asin No. CXV. . oe ei oni PE ec Rosnakill, Fannet Point, As in the preceding roads through this part of the country the traveller is advised to secure a conveyance at Letterkenny. At Milford there are public houses where he may obtain refreshment, but there is no Inn beyond that town, and the roads are in many places very bad and hilly. Fannet Point is the extremity of the district, generally known under the name of Fannet. It is situated at the mouth of Lough Swilly, and although the country possesses considerable interest, it is seldom visited even by tourists. The traveller may proceed from Letterkenny to Millford either by Ballyarr or Rathmelton, the roads being nearly equidistant. Be- yond Ballyarr the road skirts Lough Fern, and at a mile from it, reaches the small improving town of MILLFORD, situated about half a-mile from Mulroy bay, up to which small trading vessels sail. At Millford a road branches off by Bunlin bridge along the west shore of Mulroy bay to Carrigart. Our road to Rosnakill keeps the eastern shore, through a wild and partially cultivated country. Though there is nothing very striking in this part of our journey, yet the constantly recurring reclaimable hills and valleys; the extent of cultivation which che- quers the surface, the groups of cabins, miserable though they appear, and the varying shores of the bay, render this district more interesting than the dreary solitudes so frequently met with in the western parts of Donegal. H 476 NO. CXXI.—DUBLIN TO MALIN HEAD. miles and a-half we reach the church, chapel, and glebe- house of Clonmany ; near them Glen House, the resi- dence of Dogherty, Esq.; and at eight Rocks- town, near which there is a coast guard station; the latter is near Dunaff Head, the extreme point on the eastern entrance of the Swilly. No. CXXI._DUBLIN TO MALIN HEAD, BY LONDONDERRY, MUFF, CARROWKEEL, CARN, AND MALIN. Londonderry, as in No. CIX. 1133 Muff, : 3 . | 42 1182 Carrowkeel, - | 4 (2222 Carn, . q ; . | 72 11298 Malin, . : F . | 98 (1308 Malin Head, . ° 62 '139 On the arrival of the Dublin Mail at Derry, a mail car starts for Carn, where cars can be hired. The large and bold peninsula of Inishowen, through the centre of which our road runs, is bounded on the east by Lough Foyle, and on the west by Lough Swilly. Main head is its extreme point, and the most northerly in Ireland. 3 The vicinity of Derry, as far as Culmore Fort, we have already noticed in our description of the environs of that city. The village of Muff is situated at the head of the western shores of Lough Foyle, and adjoining it is Kil- derry, H. Hart, Esq. From Muff our road skirts the thickly inhabited shores of Lough Foyle, which are bounded on the left by the mountain slopes of Glack- more and Crockglass, the latter is 1,295 feet above the level of the sea. At four miles we reach Carrowkeel, where the road diverges to the left, passing through the glen which runs along the eastern sides of Crockglass and Slieve Snaght. The small town of Carn is pleasantly situated on the high arable lands lying around the head of Trawbreaga bay, and watered by two streams which run from the adjacent mountains. The streets of this remote little town are regularly NO. CXX.—DUBLIN TO BUNCRANA, ETC. 475 ing Burnfoot Bridge and leaving Birdstown, the seat of the Rev. Mr. Maxwell, to the right, we soon reach the village of Churchtown, or Fahan, as it is generally called ; a little to the east of which is the Scalp, rising to the height of 1,590 feet. Incu, the only island on Lough Swilly, here forms a remarkable feature. It lies about a mile off Church- town: the shortest ferry’at Quigley’s Pointis about a mile from Burnfoot bridge, but it is reached from various other places. Inch comprises 3,039 acres, which are chiefly under pasture and tillage, and contains about 1,000inhabitants. The surface is varied, rising, at what is called Inch Top to 737 feet. It also contains Inch House, the residence of Mr. Kennedy, a small church, Presbyterian meeting-house, and Roman Catholic chapel. Down Fort is on the northern side of the island. Buncrana is prettily situated on the eastern shore of Lough Swilly, and considerably resorted to for sea bathing. From the rivers falling into the lough it pos- sesses considerable water power, which has been turned to advantage in propelling machinery for the manufac- ture of flour, &c. It contains a sessions-house and several places of worship, and a good many of the inhabitants are employed in fishing. Adjoining is Buncrana Castle, founded by the O’Don- nells, the ancient chieftains of this country; restored by Sir J. Vaughan, in 1717, and now the residence of Mrs. Todd. Thevicinity is highly interesting ; in front the magnificent estuary of Lough Swilly ; behind, the mountains of Inishowen, among which, Slieve Snaght, the highest in the range, rises to aheight of 2,019 feet. At two miles and a-half from Buncrana on the coast road, pass Linsfort, the beautiful residence of the Rev. Mr. Harvey, near which is the church and glebe- house of Desertegney, and at five reach Dunree Fort, where the road leaves the Swilly and penetrates the mountain glens, passing at four miles from Dunree Fort, Raghtinmore, the highest of the bleak and sterile mountains on that part of the coast, it rises to an ele- vation of 1,656 feet above the level of the sea. At five 478 NO. CXXII.—DUBLIN TO MOVILLE, ETC. along other parts of our coast, still, in the precipices, cliffs, fissures, bays, and caverns, there is much to be ad- mired ;—even in calm, when the heavy Atlantic waves roll gently, yet majestically onward, the effect is very striking; but, when impelled by the storm, the sea foams and rages against the broken cliffs, and the rush of the mighty waters is loudly resounded along the shores. —the scene is truly grand and deeply impressive. No. CXXII—DUBLIN TO MOVILLE AND INISHOWEN HEAD, BY LONDONDERRY AND CARROWKEEL, Miles. Carrowkeel, asin No. CXXI. 1222 Moville, . 2 - | 62 {1283 Inishowen Head, 44 11332 _ Movi1te, to which a mail car is dispatched from Derry on the arrival of the Dublin mail, is situated on the western shore of Lough Foyle, about two miles from the mouth of that estuary. In the preceding road we have described the country as far as Carrowkeel. From that village we continue along the shores of Lough Foyle, which, as in the previous part from Muff, is bounded by the parallel mountain slopes, up which cultivation is making rapid advances. From Carrowkeel, however, the scenery is rendered more interesting by the villas belonging to the citizens of Derry, which lie along the shore. Moville presents many inducements as a watering place, from the variety, extent, and elevation of the adjoining mountains; the beauty of Lough Foyle and its interesting shores in addition to the strength and efficacy of its waters; the contiguity of Derry, and above all, the facilities of com- munication by steam vessels which ply to and from it in summer. The town is clean and orderly, and. contains various lodging houses, in addition to the small Inn and other places of accommodation. There are several places of NO. CXXI.—DUBLIN TO MALIN HEAD. 477 laid out and many of the houses large and well built. It contains various places of worship, several schools, and is head quarters for the constabulary and coast guard of the district. Considering the sterile nature of the greater part of the surrounding country, a great deal of business is done at the markets, and being the principal town in this part of Inishowen, it supplies various necessaries to a considerable and comparatively popu- lous tract. In the vicinity of Carn are Tunalague, the residence of R. Carey, Esq. and Fairview. A road runs down the south side of Trawbreaga bay for four miles to the small village of Ballyliffin, which is situated near the Atlantic, and close to the island of Doagh. Resuming our route to Malin Head on rounding the extreme point of Trawbreaga bay, we arrive at the small village of Malin, near which are the most northerly residences in Ireland, Malin Hall and Goorey Lodge, J. and J. Harvey, Esqrs. About four miles from the village of Malin, on the seaward point of the island of Doagh, are the interest- ing ruins of Carrickabraghy Castle, supposed to have been one of the residences of the O’Doghertys. Malin Head, which is six miles and a half from the village, rises only 226 feet above the sea, but is ren- dered more remarkable to mariners, by the admiralty signal tower. The coast from the Five Fingers Rock, near the entrance to Trawbreaga Bay, on the west, round by Malin Head to Glengad Head on the east—a distance of twelve miles, is wild and precipitous. At Magheryard, which is two miles west from Glen- gad Head, the land attains an elevation of 839 feet, the highest point on the northern shore of the peninsula of Inishowen. There are several small rocky islets along the shore. On the island of Inishtrahull, which is about six miles off Malin head, there is a light-house. This island, the most northerly belonging to Ireland, is about a mile in length. ‘ Though Malin Head and its connecting shores do not exhibit that wildness and magnificence observable 480 No. CKXIIL—DUBLIN TO DROGHEDA.! eben as? ay FIRST ROAD, BY. SWORDS AND BALROTHERY. ed my ee «: - » Miles EE ® _. Miles. Santry, 4 Poa i 32 [Pea eee tu “72 142 A Swords, . . - | 32 | 7 ||)Drogheda, 92 2ail : : ae S : } Leavine Dublin by suburb of Drumcondra, we cross the Tolka stream, and reach the beautifully varied and fertile country lying between Dublin and Drogheda ; a considerable portion of which, particularly to the right, is locally known as the district of Fingal. The villas which adorn the environs on this side of the city, lie to the right, and belong to the roads leading from Dublin to Malahide and Howth. Santry, the fine seat of Sir Compton Domville, Bart., with the picturesque adjoining hamlet, will attract the attention of the traveller—the character, and keeping of the place, and the style of the cottages, being so superior to what is usually met with. Numerous villas lie around, the enumeration of which would exceed our limits, and they more properly belong to Dublin and its Environs. Sworps, the first town of any importance on this line of road, is watered by the small river bearing its name, which falls into the head of Malahide bay about half a mile eastward. The street, which extends fora mile along our line of road, consists principally of small houses; and from its contiguity to Dublin, except a little retail business, no trade is carried on. This town appears to have been a place of some importance in the tenth century, and the scene of many a subsequent feudal fray. The round tower, one of the rudest of these singular erections, testifies its high antiquity, and the ruins of the castle walls, its importance in later days. The neat modern church is attached to the belfry of the old one, which we regret was removed. The ancient round tower, old belfry, and modern gothic church, serve as distinguishing features, and at the same time form an interesting, though incongruous group. ’ NO. CXXII.—DUBLIN TO MOVILLE, ETC. 479 public worship. Fairs and weekly markets are regu- larly held in the town. Moville is sheltered from the westerly gales by the mountains called Squire’s Carn and Craignamaddy, which attain an elevation of 1,050 feet, and form the eastern shores of the promontory. From their summits a magnificent view is obtained of the greater part of the estuary of Lough Foyle, the opposite shores of Magilligan, and that part of the peninsula of Inis- howen, of which they are the most important features. The road to Inishowen head also keeps along the shore, and, like the preceding parts of this coast line, is thickly inhabited and bounded on the left by the partially cultivated mountain slopes. At two miles and ahalf from Moville we pass the ruins of Green Castle, formerly one of the strongholds of the O’Doghertys, chieftains of this district, but now belonging to Sir Arthur Chichester, Bart. Close to this, is the for- tress of the same name, which is still garrisoned ; also a coast guard and pilot station. This fort and the one on the opposite shores of Magilligan were erected by the government to guard the entrance of the Foyle. The coast from Inishowen head to Culdaff bay is cliffy for a distance of eight miles; in some places it is pre- cipitous and rises to a considerable height. Near the former are some interesting caves. The village, church, and improved demesne of Cul- daff; the latter the residence of Young, Esq., are situated on the shores of Culdaff bay, which lies about midway between Inishowen and Malin heads. The village is watered by a mountain stream which bears its name, in its progress to the bay, and there is a little reclaimed land around it. Culdaff is eight miles from Moville; the road to it lies along the south side of Squire’s Carn, and through a chain of wild but interest- ing glens. Various lines branch off the road leading to different parts of the coast, which enable the tourist to visit those remote points. At Culdaff there is a great extent of low peat moss along the shore, with knolls of cultivated land scattered throughout, called the Isles of Greelagh. 482 NO. CXXIII.— DUBLIN TO DROGHEDA. About a mile from the town, on the road to Skerries, is Hampton, the residence of G. A. Hamilton, Esq.— This fine seat commands an extensive view of the coast and surrounding country. Near Hampton is Ardgillan, the beautiful seat of the Hon. and Rev. Ed. Taylor. Proceeding near the coast, at two miles from Bal- briggan, we pass on the right Lowther Lodge, and on the left Knockingan, where we cross the Delvin stream and enter the county of Meath. Here we meet the planta- tions connected with Gormanstown, the seat of Viscount Gormanstown, and from the long, straight avenue ob- tain a good view of the baronial mansion. About two miles to the west of Gormanstown is the village of Stamullen, near which is the demesne of Stedalt; and in the rich and beautifully varied grounds which stretch westerly to the hill of Bellewstown, is Harbourstown, the finely situated demesne of M. O’Farrell Caddell, Esq. For a considerable distance beyond Gormanstown the appearance of the country is improved by the hedge- row trees which surround the better farm-houses. Mosney, the residence of G. Pepper, Esq. lies on the \\ right, near the sea; and at two miles from Gormans- town, we pass on the right Bal/ygarth, the handsome seat of Col. Pepper, adjoining which is Corballis, J. S. Taylor, Esq. About a mile to the left, on the road from Dublin to Drogheda by the Naul, is Dardistown, the seat of G. Osborne, Esq., with several neat farm villas adjoining. A little beyond Ballygarth, we cross the valley in which the Nanny water flows in tortuous windings to the sea;—distant two miles from the bridge, pass through the small village of Julianstown, leaving Minch to the right, cross the elevated and fertile tract of country lying between the Nanny water and the estuary of the Boyne, in which on our right are Pilltown house, T. Brodigan, Esq.; Betaghstown, R. Shepeard, Esq. 3 Eastham and Mornington—the latter near the small village of that name, and within a mile of the Maiden tower, which forms an cbject in the long, flat, sandy beach stretching along the mouth of the Boyne. From no part is Drogheda seen to such advantage NO. CXXIII.— DUBLIN TO DROGHEDA. 48] A mile north of Swords is Brackenstown, Richard Manders, Esq.; at the same distance on the south, Drynam, R. Cruise, Esq.; and, adjoining the town Mantua. Balheary the residence of A. Baker, Esq., is passed on the left as‘we ‘proceed to Balbriggan, and Seafield, John Arthur, Esq. and Lissenhall on the right. Two miles from Swords, we reach the hamlet of ‘Turvey, to the’right ‘of , the head of the little estuary of Portrane, is Turve te, the seat of Lord Trimlestown. “In the point of Tandlying to the south, between the bays of Malahide and Portrane, is the village of Donabate, also Portrane House, the handsome seat of Geo. H. Evans, Esq., and Newbridge, that of Charles Cobbe, Esq. The land is fertile and well culti- vated along the shores of these bays, and some paris of the shores bold and considerably varied. A mile beyond Turvey pass Corduff; leaving the v:l- lage of Lusk about a mile to the right; and proceed- ing by the new road which avoids the high grounds, on the summit of which stands the decayed, and in former days, well-known village of The Man of War, we pass through the decayed village of Balrothery, and soon reach the smal] seaport and manufacturing town of BALBRIGGAN, where a considerable coasting trade is carried on, and, considering its proximity to Drogheda, large corn markets are held, and the produce exported direct to England. The town has long been famed for the manufacture of cotton stockings ; and at present about forty frames are employed. There are two cotton mills in the town, but only one is at work. A good deal is done in the weaving department, and the embroidering of muslin is carried on extensively here and in the neighbourhood, giving employment to about 1000 persons. There are also salt works ; but the fishery has of late greatly fallen off. Balbriggan, however, has an air of business and comfort, and forms a contrast to the generality of small towns in this part of the country. In summer a good many people frequent it for sea bathing. A handsome church has lately been erected, and a spacious Roman Catholic chapel is building. 21 TS OS ee Tn W\(ecaeed wit wr Soe 30% amp Lom unm £4 porn . “VaAHHD Ow d MILOID 484 NO. CXXIIl.—DUBLIN’ TO DROGHEDA. barracks—the one‘on the south side of the river Boyne, adjoins Richmond Fort, which commands one of the best views of the town and surrounding country. Though Drogheda .contains no fine streets and tew public buildings worthy of notice in an architectural point of view, there are in its handsome and spacious corn-market, large cotton spinning, flax spinning, and corn mills—extensive grain stores, salt works, tanneries, distillery, breweries, soap and candle manufactories, what is of far more importance to it as a town. And, if to these we add the large and increasing export trade—the steamers which ply regularly to and from Liverpool—the improvement of the harbour—the villas which are springing up in the environs, we have abundant proofs of its growing importance. There are five steam vessels belonging to the port, and the trade with Liverpool is increasing rapidly. The linen trade has declined, and the cotton trade is now very limited. Considerable improve- ments have lately been effected in lighting the town, and we hope soon to see the:attention of the proper authorities directed to regulating the various branches of trade, ’ and cleansing the filthy lanes and miserable suburbs. Drogheda is one of the largest grain and provision * @ markets on the eastern coast, and considerable quantities of the corn purchased in Navan are conveyed to Dro- gheda by the Boyne, which has been rendered navigable to the latter town for lighters of seventy tons burthen. The battle of the Boyne took place at two miles above the town; and an obelisk erected near the spot where Duke Schomberg was killed, points out in a general way the battlefield. Near this, on the left bank of the river, is Townley Hall, the fine seat of B. T. Balfour, Esq.; and opposite, on the right bank, Old- bridge, H. Coddington, Esq. A little above the latter, and on the same side of the river, is Duuth House, formerly the residence of the noble family of Netterville. In the demesne, the Moat of Dowth, an old Danish encampment, 286 feet high, is a striking feature. The south side of the estuary below Drogheda, we have noticed in approaehing the town ; on the north side are several villas and groups of cottages; and NO. CXXIII.—DUBLIN TO DROGHEDA. 483 as from the hill which our road traverses in approaching it. You command a view of the ancient town with all its towers, spires, and tall chimneys; the broad river in front, and the rich country behind. ee DrocueEpaA is situated on the Boyne, about four miles from the sea, the river is navigable for vessels of 200 tons burthen up to the bridge. The portion of the town on the south of the river appears naturally to be- long to the county of Meath, and that on the northern bank to the county of Louth. The town, however, with a portion of the immediate country on both sides of the river forms a county of itself, into which it was erected by a charter from Henry the Fourth, and still has. its separate. assizes. _Ecclesiastically, at an early period, it™ appears to have been a place. of note, and politically, to have occupied a conspicuous part in history, from 1220, when Henry the Third retained in his own posses- sion the town and castle in the grant made to Walter De Lacy, down to the memorable battle of the Boyne, which, in 1690, was fought in its immediate vicinity. Among the ancient buildings, the more remarkable are the ruins of St. Mary’s church and St. Lawrence’s gate—the latter is a fragment of the walls. which en- vironed the town, and still forms a fine entrance. In many of the older parts the streets and lanes are very narrow ; and like all fortified towns, the various build- ings were huddled together, so as to be under the pro- tection of the walls, without much regard to order or convenience. In the modern parts, however, better design is evinced. Still there is a strange mixture of houses and stores—the latter, in many places, very in- conveniently situated. The municipal buildings present little to attract the at- tention of the traveller ; and among the numerous places of worship, including several Roman Catholic chapels, a Methodist and Presbyterian meeting-house, the parish church of St. Peter’s is the most remarkable from its size, style and situation. It forms from many points of view, a very striking feature. In the various Nunneries, Friaries, Schools, and Hospitals, there is nothing re- quiring particular observation. There are two: small wy an 486 NO. CXXV.—DUBLIN TO BELFAST. Marquess of Thomond, and the latter, though it boasts of high antiquity, in an ecclesiastical point of view, now of little importance. About a mile to the south of the town, is Bellews- town-hill, well known from the annual races held on its fertile summit ; though only 530 feet high, it is a remark- able feature in the comparatively flat country. The baronial looking mansion of Plattin, the residence of Reeves, Esq., is passed on the left, about two miles from Duleek—the seats of Baybeg and Baymore on the right ; and at four reach Drogheda. No. CXXV.—DUBLIN TO BELFAST, BY DROGHEDA, DUNDALK, NEWRY, BANBRIDGE, HILLSBOROUGH, AND LISBURN. Miles. Miles Drogheda, as in No, CX XIII. 232|| Loughbrickland, - ) 82) 582) Dunleer, ‘ - | 63} 30 |} Banbridge, 5 - | 2 | 603) Castlebellingham, . - | 4; 34 || Dromore, . : - | 53! 662 Lurgangreen, > - | 3 | 37 |} Hillsborough, .. . | 33! 70 | Dundalk, anil - | 31/40 || Lisburn, . . . | Sil 732 Flurry-bridge, ~ | 53) 453/| Belfast, . . ~ | 62/ 80 Newry, . - - | 43! 50 | From Dublin to Drogheda there are two roads, Nos. CXXIII. and CXXIV., travelled by the public coaches ; but at present a relay of post horses can only be obtained at Ashbourne on the latter. From the various public conveyances and posting houses along the remainder of the line, Belfast can be conveniently reached. On clearing the miserable suburbs of Drogheda, we reach that fertile tract of Louth lying between the latter town and Dundalk, which is considered among the best of our grain bearing lands ; and though some poor soil and much inferior husbandry are seen along the road, there are in the interior of this district many rich tracts and extensive well-managed tillage farms. The surface undulates slightly, gradually resolving itself into distinct ridges as we approach the more northerly mountain ranges. From many of the higher elevations along the road, we command extensive views of the rich sur- rounding country; but interesting as this champaign tract is, the eye wanders northward to the dark moun- tains of Armagh and Down, the varied summits of which NO. CXXIV.—DUBLIN TO DROGHEDA. 485 at two miles, close to the banks of the Boyne, are Beaulieu, Rev. A. J. Montgomery, and the neat hamlet of Queensborough. At two and a-half, on the sandy beach which, for several miles, sweeps round the shores of the mouth of the Boyne, is the small straggling village of Baltray; and at three and a-half miles the comparatively neat village of Termonfeckan, near which is Newtonhouse, the seat of J. M‘Clintock, Esq., and ath, W. Brabazon, Esq. This village appears to have been at a remote period a place of some importance in an ecclesiastical point of view. A part of the old castle in which the learned Archbishop Usher is said to have occasionally resided, still remains. Two miles from ‘Termonfeckan, on the shore, and five and a-half from Drogheda, is the rocky promontory of Clogher-head, which, although it only rises 181 feet, is a striking feature from the adjoining flat sandy beach. Near Clogher-head is the straggling village of Clogher, which, in the bathing season, is considerably resorted to by the middling classes of the more inland parts of Meath and Louth. Two miles and a-half from Dro- gheda, on the road leading to Annagassan by the village of Togher, is Cartown, the residence of H. Chester, Esq. ; and at three and a halt, Blackhall, the seat of W. H. Pentland, Esq. No. CXXIV—DUBLIN TO DROGHEDA. SECOND ROAD BY ASHBOURNE AND DULEEK. ' Miles. Ashbourne, as in No- CIX. 10 Duleek, ; : ° 19 Drogheda, 4 | 23 Four miles from Ashbourne we branch off the Derry road, No. 109, and proceeding through a rich and pret- tily varied country, pass at two miles on the left, Ath- carne Castle, formerly the seat of the De Bathe family, but now the residence of J. Gernon, Esq., and remar- kable for its ancient style; at three Annesbrook, the seat of H. Smith, Esq., the entrance to which is well defined by a modern spacious gateway ; and at five cross the Nanny water, leaving alittle to the left the demesne and small town of Duleek—the former belonging to the 488 NO. CXXV.—DUBLIN TO BELFAST. on the right, before reaching the neat village and de- mesne of Castlebellingham—the latter the handsome seat of Sir A. E. Bellingham, Bart. The village is celebrated for the excellent ale made in the extensive brewery, and its neat appearance, the surrounding demesne, together with the improved state of the fertile adjoining country, will arrest the attention of the tra- veller. The hamlet of Mansfieldtown; the demesne of Braganstown, Rev. A. Garstin; and Bawn, an old seat of T. T. Tisdall, Esq., which contains one of the finest wych elms in Ireland, are about two miles west from Castlebellingham. Our road now skirts the shores of Dundalk bay, pass- ing Drumisken House, H. J. Brabazon, Esq. ; and leaving Darver Castle, J. Booth, Esq., and Milltown Grange, Mrs. Fortescue, about three miles to the left, in the centre of arich and well-cultivated tract of country. About three miles from Castlebellingham we reach the village of Lurgan-green, cross the Fane river where it falls into the sea, skirt Clermont Park, the seat of Thomas Fortescue, Esq., the extended hedge-row timber of which is conspicuous in this rich though bleak coun- try. On the banks of the little river Fane and about three miles west from Clermont Park are Fane Valley, Thos. Fitzgerald, Esq.; Stephenstown, the seat of M. Fortescue, Esq. ; and near the latter, Prospect, W. H. Richardson, Esq. We now pass through a considerable extent of salt marsh, beyond which, on the shore, is the small watering place called Blackrock. Priorland, T. Bourne, Esq. and Fair-hill, are passed on the left before we reach DUNDALK, the county town of Louth, situated at the head of a small inlet running off the bay, where the stream called the Castletown river meets the sea. Being the ber, the property of a Dundalk company, which ply a NO. CXXV.—DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 487 defined in the clear sky, close the prospect in that direction. About four miles from Drogheda and a mile west from the road, in a rough pastoral tract, are the solitary grey ruins of Monasterboice. They consist of the broken walls of two chapels, two large stone crosses, and an ancient round tower, whose high time-worn summit marks out the lonely hallowed spot for many miles around. Near the ruins is Monasterboice House, the seat of W. Drummond Delap, Esq. At five miles on the right, Stone House, the residence of Michael Chester, Esq.; and a mile to the east of it, Rokeby Hall, the handsome seat of Sir R. Robinson, Bart. About two miles to the left of the road, the extensive plantations of Collon, the interesting demesne of Viscount Ferrard, form, from their extent, outline, and elevation, a striking object. About two miles east from the small town of Dunleer, is Barmeath, the beautifully situated demesne of Sir P. Bellew, Bart.; at three the small village and church of Togher ; and at five, close on the shores near Dunany Point, is Dunany, the seat of Lady Bellingham. On the elevated grounds, about two miles west of Dunleer, are seen the plantations of Rathescar, the seat of the Honorable Baron Foster ; and, as we proceed to Dun- dalk, we pass at two miles from Dunleer and one mile to the right Drumcar, the seat of John M‘Clintock, Esq. This demesne is prettily situated in the fertile grounds to the right, and watered by the small river Dee ; Charle- ville, the residence of Colonel Tisdall, lies to the left of the road; and about two miles farther, we pass the village and demesne of G'reenmount, the latter the residence of Major Macan. Near the village is a remarkable Danish mound. A mile and a half to the right of Greenmount, near the shore, are Main House, B. B. Stafford, Esq., Annagassan House and corn mills, R. Thompson, Esq. A little below these the small rivers Dee and Glyde, which run through the centre of Louth, and are more remarkable for the injurious effects of their stagnant waters than the beauty of their streams, fall into the sea. We leave Milestown, the residence of J. Woolsey, Esq., ee i 490 NO. CXXV.—DUBLIN TO BELFAST. of which are heightened by the plantations of Bellurgan Park, E. Tipping, Esq. ; Ballymascanlan House, J. W. M‘Neale, Esq., and the villas of Strandfield, Mount Pleasant, and Faughart; our road at two miles from Dundalk, skirting the latter. Leaving Ravensdale and the various neat villas which are in that lovely valley on our right, we pass at four miles from Dundalk, Anaverna, the beautifully situated residence of the late Baron M‘Clelland, and reach Ravensdale Park, the residence of Thomas Fortescue, Esq. This beautifully romantic seat occupies the eastern slopes of the narrow valley lying between the hill of Feede and Claremount Carn, the latter rising 1674 feet. The demesne is watered by the small river Flurry, which, in its meanderings through the valley, supplies a pretty little artificial lake. There are few places where wood and water, crag and rock, hill and dale, are more happily blended than at Ravens- dale Park ; and no where, on this line of road, is there such a lovely display of picturesque features. At the head of the demesne we reach the hamlet and post-office of Flurry-bridge, where the roads to Ross- trevor and Carlingford branch off. The village of Jonesborough, which was burned in 1798, lies a little to the left, on the old Dundalk road. SLIEVEGULLION lies about two miles west of Flurry- bridge. It attains an elevation of 1893 feet, and is remarkable for the sepulchral carn and small lough on its summit. It is the only mountain in the county of Armagh, and from its elevation and detached situation, forms a very striking feature for many miles around. It is interesting to see the advances which cultivation is making up the moory slopes of this mountain, and in the dark heathy plains which lie around its base; on its eastern side, about two miles from the road, are Hawthorn Lodge, H. W. Chambre, Esq.; and Aillevy Lodge, P. Foxall,, Esq. The extensive improvements of the latter form a feature in the wild tract. To see this part of the country to advantage, the traveller will ‘ require to leave the direct road and ascend any of the surrounding summits. As we proceed from Flurry-bridge, the country on ee ~ attic mr NO. CXKV.—DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 489 “pool. In addition to several branches of trade which “ are carried on to some extent, there is a large distillery; and a small pin manufactory has been lately established. The town, which sends a member to the imperial parlia- ment, consists principally of two long streets, intersect- ing each other in the market square. There are several good houses and extensive retail shops, but the greater part is composed of very poor structures. In common with all our larger towns, Dundalk has its due proportion of wretched, filthy lanes, and miserable suburbs. The chief county and municipal buildings are the parish church, handsome modern Roman Catholic chapel, and small Presbyterian and Methodist meeting-houses. There are also various public schools and charitable institutions. There is a large cavalry barrack on the shores of the bay, a little below the town and near the entrance of the harbour, at Soldier’s Point, is the revenue station. The general appearance of Dundalk is much improved by the hedge-row trees of the town fields on the one hand, and on the other by the exten- sive woods belonging to Dundalk House, the demesne of the Earl of Roden, to whom the town and a con- siderable extent of the adjacent lands belong. In the demesne is a fine old avenue of lime trees. Adjoining Dundalk House, is Lisnawilly, J. Tipping, Esq. From the ancient tumulus near the town, on which a small building has been erected, there is a good view of Dun- dalk, the bay, the Carlingford mountains, and the rich and beautifully varied surrounding country. In the historical records of the town, it appears that Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert, who had caused himself to be proclaimed King of Ireland, was in 1315 slain here, and his army routed by the English under John de Bermingham. The road to Newry lies along a picturesque country, passing through the romantic valley lying between the mountains of Slievegullion and Carlingford. Leaving Dundalk we command a view of that } part of the nor- thern and rising shores of the bay, the natural beauties Sa you? | handsome modern court-house;’ jail, infirmary, and | guildhall; the ecclesiastical buildings—the large old “ od 492, NO. CXXV.—DUBLIN TO BELFAST. places of worship, the church of St. Mary’s and the neighbouring Roman Catholic chapel, are the most re- markable. They are large, handsome, modern erections, built in the pointed style of architecture, usually termed church gothic. In the various schools, hospitals, and municipal offices connected with the town, there is little, at least in the buildings, to attract notice. The town is a great thoroughfare, and the traveller will find every accommodation as regards inns, reading rooms, and conveyances. The Annals of the Four Masters notice a monastery here, in which was a yew tree planted by St. Patrick. Be that as it may, it is clear that the possession of Newry, from its situation in the pass between the moun- tains of Leinster and Ulster, was, in remote periods, a matter of great importance. After various subjugations the town was burned in 1689, by the Duke of Berwick, with the exception of a few houses and the castle which guarded the pass; and it was not till the middle of the last century, when commercial enterprise, aided by the government, opened the navigation to Lough Neagh, that the foundation of its present improvement was laid. The country around Newry is highly interesting, and presents scenes of the most varied and opposite charac- ' ter. On the north side lies an improved agricultural L\ district, adorned with numerous villas and bleaching greens. Three miles to the east is Slievegullion, sur- rounded by a great extent of wild moorland. Below the town, the fine valley through which the tidal river flows, gradually widening into Carlingford lough—the most beautiful of all our sea bays. It is bounded on the east by the Carlingford mountains, along which there are good roads; and on the west by the still higher mountains of Mourne, around and across which the traveller can also proceed by good lines of com- munication. On one of these lines from Newry to Newcastle, by Rostrevor, the scenery is truly beautiful. Two miles below the town, on the right banks of the river, is Fathom Park, and opposite to it Greenwood Park.—Here the canal joins the tide water. In the eastern vicinity of the town is The Glen, Turner, NO. CXXV.—DUBLIN TO BELFAST. 491 of the road, we obtain a view of the valley through which the Newry water flows, and of the opposite high banks. Heath-hall, the residence of J. Seaver, Esq. lying on the margin of the moorland tract connected with Slievegullion, is passed on the left, and thence we descend to the large and important town of | situated on the confines of the counties of Down and Armagh, and watered by the small river bearing its name, which separates the above counties, and also the town into two portions—of which the part in Down is -f the most considerable. Newry is five miles from War-d9s2«¢; + “97122 CLONMEL TO ROSCREA. ethardl ss.) tee 6 $ Cashel oot. pias cen ae Thurles . 10 | 248 Templemore .. 7 /|313 Roserea. 2+... 9 (408 CORK TO LIMERICK. Mallow x 17 Buttevant~ .° 27°. 6) 2374 Charleville . . . 74/303 Kilmallock. . . 43/352 Bruff oe oe) | P1395 Limerick 113${ 51 CORK TO NEWMARKET. Mallow awake 17 Kanturk 92 | 263 Newmarket . . 4 304 CORK TO TRALEE. Ballincollig . . . 3 Macroom . - 153] 202 Millstreet . . . 103/31 Killarney 173} 482 Tralee 153) 64} DROGHEDA TO NAVAN. Slane Waal? ie. cc)? a 578 INLAND NAVIGATION. GRAND CANAL. (Station Portobello.) NO. II.—DUBLIN TO BALLINASLOE, by PHILIPSTOWN, TULLAMORE, AND SHANNON HARBOUR. Stages. | Ir. Miles, | Stages from whence Cars depart with Passengers. Pazelhatch. iss & 82) SAMI Sip aeaom tee! 5. ve Robertstown .. . Micknevinly ie 5s Edenderry-branch Ballybritain Al NE | Philipstown .. . Tullamore(‘).. ... Cormmalory ros Cilleme yn ol es, oe Shannon Harbour . Kylemoresc. 9. . Ballinasloe(*) . . . pr[CO [COBO bO|-+ bo D> Ie 1 Cars here to all parts of the country, 573 || 2 Car to Parsonstown. Gr Or He GD D> DH bo 69 Gr Cr Nir wie rT Or oP |Cor [Core oor [eo lon) bo pO 74 |l3Cars to Loughrea, Galway, an Tuam, NO. HI.—DUBLIN TO KILBEGGAN, by PHILIPSTOWN. 383 Philipstown, asin No. 1, 4 47 Kilbeggan(') . 2. | 1 Cars to Moate and Athlone. 85 NO. IV.——-DUBLIN TO MOUNTMELLICK, by ROBERTSTOWN, MONASTEREVEN, AND PORTARLINGTON. Robertstownasin No II. 203 Rathangan . . . . | 63/27 Monastereven . . ./|5 | 82 Portarlington . . . | 44/362 ‘ai Mountmellick (1). . |5 | 414||1Cars to Mountrath, Rosenallis, Clon~ aslie, Cadamstown, and Kinnety. NO. V.—DUBLIN TO ATHY, by MONASTEREVEN. Monastereven asin No. tv. | 32 i 1 s . | 54|374]| Passengers are conveyed from this to Vickarstown ( ) 2 7 2 Stradbally free of charge. 2Cars to Carlow, Bagnalstown, and Athy (?). 6 2 © «| 5 4221 Newtown. INZAND NAVIGATION. 577 WATERFORD TO CORK. WATERFORD TO KILKENNY. FOURTH ROAD. Miles. Miles. || Knocktopher 133 Dungarvan . 22 | Kilkenny 10 | 234 Ballinaparka 9 {31 Yo ee sys "8 : os WEXFORD TO WATERFORD. Middleton 41| 54 || New Ross 18 Cork | 104 644 || Waterford 1} | 29 INLAND NAVIGATION. CANAL PASSAGE BOAT CONVEYANCES FROM DUBLIN. ROYAL CANAL. (Station Broadstone.) NO. I.—DUBLIN TO LONGFORD, by MULLINGAR. from whence Cars depart Stages. | Ir. Miles, | ie with Passengers. Clonsilla .. 6 Rye Aqueduct, Leip 35159 Maynooth 3 | 12 | Kilcock 3 {15 | Ferns Da Wf Bo Newcastle 4 |}21 | Moyvally ; 3 | 24 Boyne Aqueduct . 2 | 26 Hill of Down é 23 | 283 Thomastown 41) 33 Down’s Bridge 4 | 37 Mullingar(') . . 4 |41 ||1Carto Zdgeworthstown. Coolnahay 5 | 46 Balnacarig 4 |50 Abbeyshruel - « 1d (5d Toome Bridge(*) . » 183 | 58 || 2Car to Glasson and Athlone. Ballymahon pean] eo Terlicken 2 | 61 rea iat (°) f : o Aaa ya Peerage in Roscommon, Longford(*) . Fra ae ee Shannon, and Boyle. 2P 580 HEIGHTS OF THE PRINCIPAL MOUNTAINS. (From the Ordnance Survey.) Feet. | | County. Aghla Donegal |1959, Beinnacoire |Galway 2337, Belmore Ferman. {1312 Benbo Leitrim {1365 Benbradagh | Londond. |1531) Benbulbin Sligo 1697, Ben-Evenagh |Londond. |1260, Bluestack Donegal |2213) Brandon Kerry [8120 Brandon Kilkenny |1696, Caherfarna Cork 2234 Callan Clare 1288 Carlingford {Louth {1935 Carnclonhugh |Longford | 912. Carnmore Ferman. {1034 Carntogher |Londond.j1521 arran Tual an of Magil- Kerry [38404 licuddy’s Reeks. Craig Clare {715 Croaghpatrick | Mayo 2499 Croghan Mayo 2250) Cuilcagh Cavan 2188, Curslievh Mayo 2370) Devil’s Bit Tipperary| 1572 Divis Antrim = |1568 Donald Hill |Londond.|1434 Eagle Mountn.|/Down = {2084 Errigal Donegal |2462 Galtimore Tipperary|3008 Hungra Hill | Cork 2248 Keeper Tipperary 2265 Kippure Wicklow |2473 Knockline Kerry {2160 Knockaness_| Clare 1305 Knockfeerna {Limerick | 937 Knockmeldown} Tipperary 2700, Knocklayd Antrim {1685 a Name. County. Knockmore |Mayo 1518 Lackagh Leitrim {1448 Ligford-drum | Londond.|1332 Lugnaquilla [Wicklow |3039 Mangerton Kerry = |2754 Monavullagh | Waterford|2598 Mount Gabriel Cork 1335 Mount Leinster Carlow {2604 Muckish Donegal |2190 Muilrea Mayo =/2680 Mullaghearn |Tyrone {1776 Nephin Mayo 2369 Paps, (The) {Cork 2280 Ravensdale Louth 1674 Sawel Londond. |2236 Seefin Limerick |1706 Sheehy Cork 1796 Slemish Antrim [1437 Sheveanierin |Leitrim {1922 Slieve Bloom |Queen’sC.|1689 Slievebon, N. |Roscom. | 839 Slievebon, S. |Roscom. | 857 Shebingian Down 2449 Slievecroob Down 1755 Slieve Donard | Down 2796 Slieve Gallion |Londond. |1730 Slieve Gullion |Armagh {1893 Slieve League, (cliffs) i Doneg. |1965 Slievenamann |Tipperary|2362 Slievenakilla |Cavan {1791 Shevesnaght,E.|Donegal |2019 Sugarloaf, Gt. | Wicklow {1651 Throstan Antrim {1810 Truskmore Sligo 2113 Twelve Pins, Highest of Galway|2396 INLAND NAVIGATION. 579 NO. VI.—DUBLIN TO LIMERICK, by SHANNON HARBOUR, PORTUMNA, LOUGH DERG, AND KILLALOE. Tr. Miles. Shannon Harbour as in NG Re ok 624 Banagher . . . . 14) 64 Portumna. ohes-*p eT Killaloe steer aiees Limeriek..5% | 964). W205 The Canal ends at Shannon Harbour, where a small Steamer meets the Boat and proceeds down the Shannon to Portumna Bridge, where it meets a larger Steamer, which navigates Lough Derg. On the arrival of the Steamer at Killaloe, the passengers proceed by Cars to Limerick, or wait for the Canal Boat which starts the following morning. The navigation from Killaloe to Limerick is part river, and part canal. This mode of conveyance occupies two days between Dublin and Limerick ; but the splendid scenery of Loucu Drrc, which is seen to most advantage this way, affords some recompense for the delay. LOWER SHANNON. NO. VII.—LIMERICK TO TARBERT AND KILRUSH. Tarbortcrsaeencen s 27 ‘Kalrnshy 9s hepa @ 344 A Steamer starts from Limerick on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, for Glynn, Tarbert, and Kilrush; returning on the alternate days. At these places Cars can be hired to any part of the interior. j NO. VIIL—LIMERICK TO CLARE AND ENNIS. Clare’). Scie. tie 22 miles: A Steamer sails from Limerick for Clare on Wednesday and Saturday ; returning to Limerick on Monday and Thursday. A Car starts from Clare, on the arrival of the Steamer to Ennis. 582 SMALLER RIVERS. falls into an arm of theseabelow the town of Kenmare. Second, the river which issues from Lough Ramor, and falls into the Boyne at Navan; and third, one of the feeders of Lough Neagh, which we have noticed under that head. 8. Boyne ranks next in importance. It first assumes a river character near the village of Carberry, in the county of Kildare, and thence flows to the sea at Drogheda. Tributaries, Black- water and Deel. 9. Foye first assumes that name at Strabane, arid is the carrier of the Finn, Derg, Mourne, Cammin, Owenreagh, and many other named and nameless streams to Lough Foyle. 10, ERNE issues from the beautiful Lough Gouna, on the confines of the counties of Cavan and Longford, and after a devious course of many miles, during which it assumes all the mazey forms of which water is susceptible in lake or river. At last, under the latter character, it precipitates its large volume over a ledge of rocks into the Atlantic at Ballyshannon. Its principal tributaries are, the Annalee, Fin, Drumany, Kesh, Arney, and Woodford. 11, Lee has its source in the small sequestered lake of Gou- gane Barra, in the western part of the county of Cork, and terminates its course at Cork harbour, close to that city. 12. Bannon, which, at the time Spencer wrote, was “ crowned with many a wood,” rises in the mountains of Carberry, in the county of Cork, and falls into the sea at Kinsale. 13, Bann Lower bears along the surplus waters of Lough Neagh to the ocean, which it meets after a course of forty miles a little below Coleraine. 14, Moy, the first of our salmon rivers, springs from the Ox mountains in the county of Sligo, near the village of Banada, and blends with Lough Conn; from whence it again issues and flows in increased size to the arm of Killala bay, which runs up to the town of Ballina. SMALLER RIVERS. The following are the more important of the smaller Rivers. BaLLinaHIncu river falls into Roundstone bay in Connemara. Battycroy runs from the lake of that name in Erris, to Black- sod bay. BunproweEs flows from Lough Melvin to Ballyshannon harbour. Busu, winds among the Antrim hills to the northern chan- nel at the Giant’s Causeway. CasHIN carries the waters of the Feal, Gale, Brick, and Smeerla, and several other Kerry streams, to the mouth of the estuary of the Shannon. CoLLicaN runs from the Cummeragh mountains to the sea, at Dungarvan. Corriz rushes with the waters of its parent lake through the town of Galway. 581 PRINCIPAL RIVERS, THEIR SOURCES AND OUTLETS. 1. SHannon, by far the largest and most important river in Ireland, and equal if not superior to any in the British isles, issues from Lough Allen, in the county of Leitrim, and falls into the sea a little below Limerick. It is generally measured from the head of Lough Allen to the Atlantic; but Lough Allen is fed by various streams, many of them much larger than the rivulet flowing from Legnashinna, in the county of Cavan, marked in the Ordnance Survey map, the source of the Shannon ; and the inlet which extends from Kerry-head to within eight miles of the city of Limerick, is an arm of the Western Ocean. Its chief tributaries are the Boyle, Camlin, Keenagh, Inny, Brosna, big and little, Suck, and Annacotty. 2. Barrow, next in importance to the Shannon, rises in the Queen’s county, at the northern termination of the Slieve-bloom mountains, and meets the arm of the sea branching off Waterford harbour at Ross. Tributaries, the Burn and Griss. 3. Suir. In a commercial point of view, one of the most valuable of our rivers, also rises in the county of Tipperary, near the source of the Nore, and falls into Waterford harbour. The harbour runs up twenty miles from the ocean, and its various branches are the basin or embouchure of the three sister rivers, Suir, Nore, and Barrow. ‘Tributaries, the Mer and Avontar. 4. None. This river also rises at the base of the Slieve- bloom mountains, but in the county of Tipperary, and falls into the Barrow, about two miles above Ross. Tributaries, King’s River, Dinon, and Erkin. 5. SLaNeEy, the next in importance, issues from the northern side of the Wicklow mountains, near the village of Donard, and meets an arm of Wexford haven at Ferrycarrig-bridge, two miles above Wexford. Tributaries, the Low, Boro, Bann, Urn, and Clody. 6. Lirrey has its source also on the northern side of the Wick- low mountains. It issues from the head of the vale of Kippure about ten miles south-west of the city, and after a circuitous course of forty miles blends with the tide-water at Dublin Bay. Chief tributary, the Rye. 7. BLAcKWATER, the most beautiful of all our rivers, rises in the mountains on the confines of Limerick and Kerry, and ex- pands into Youghal bay. Its principal tributaries are, the Allua, the Awbeg, the Funcheon, the Bride, the Finisk, and the Lickey. Note.—There are upwards of twenty streams called the Black- water, the larger are, first, the beautiful river of that name which Name. Allen* Anderrow Annagh Arrow Bailieborough Ballinahinch Ballinrobe Bane Bawn : Beg Belhavel Bellamont Beltra Bodarig* Bofin Bofin* Bray Cara Carragh Carrowmore Castlebar Conn Coumshegan Cooter Corrib Cullin Currane Currofin Crusheen Dan Dereveragh Derg* Derrig Derryclare Eagish Eask Easkey Ennel or Belvidere, Westmeath Westmeath Monaghan Antrim Leitrim Cavan, &c. Leitrim Roscommon Galway Roscommon Wicklow | Mayo Kerry Mayo Mayo Mayo Waterford Galway Galway Mayo Kerry Galway Clare Wicklow Westmeath Tipperary, &c. Donegal Galway Monaghan Donegal Sligo Erne, principally Fermanagh Fenagh Fern Finn Foe Forbes* Gara Garadice Garomin Gartan Galway Donegal Donegal Galway Longford Sligo Leitrim Galway Donegal 584 PRINCIPAL LAKES OR LOUGHS. Name. County. Glandalough Wicklow Gill Sligo Glen Donegal Glenade Leitrim Glencar Leitrim Glin Roscommon * Glore Westmeath Gougane Barra Cork Gounagh Longford Grady Clare Grany Clare Gullion Armagh Gur Limerick Tnagh Galway Tron Westmeath Kennail Longford Key Roscommon Killarney Kerry Kylemore Galway Lane Westmeath Lennan Kerry Lua Kerry Macknean, U. & L. Fermanagh Meela Roscommon Melvin Leitrim Mourne Donegal Muckno Monaghan Nacung Donegal Neagh Antrim, &c. Oughter Cavan Owhel Westmeath Pallas King’s Poulacopple Galway Preaghan Galway Ramor Cavan Rea Galway Ree* Westmeath, &c. Ross Galway Rynn Leitrim Scur Leitrim Sheen Roscommon Sheelin Cavan Shindella Galway Talt Sligo Tay Wicklow Temple-house Sligo Thurlough-more Galway Veagh * Enlargements of the Shannon, Donegal SMALLER RIVERS. 583 CosTELLOE, the most famed of all our angling streams, falls into Kilkerran, an inlet of Galway bay. CurRANE, well known to anglers, discharges the waters of the lough of that name, which adjoins the shores, into Ballin- skelligs bay. DarctE, shortly after escaping from the romantic ravine, to which it gives name and refreshes, meets the sea at Bray. DoppeRr rises in the Dublin mountains and falls into the estuary of the Liffey. Esk flows from the pretty lake of that name to the sea at the town of Donegal. FLEsK waters the mountain valley to which it gives its appel- lation, and falls into the lower lake of Killarney. Forset forms a rapid, only inferior to the Owen-beg, as it leaves the town of Innistymon on its course to Liscannor bay, GaRoGUE bears the waters from the lovely Lough Gill, to the bay of Sligo. Lacan runs from Slieve Croob to Belfast Lough, aiding in the internal navigation of the country in its vicinity. Laune & Maine fall into Castlemaine bay, the former carrying off the surplus waters of the far famed Lakes of Kil- larney. Nanny Water winds through the marshy lands on the east of Meath, to the sea near Balbriggan, Newrort river runs from the lake of Beltra to Clew bay. Newry Water aids the inland navigations of that part of the country through which it glides, and falls into the bay of Carlingford Ovoca, the best known and most lovely of all our streams, carries along the waters of the Avonbeg, Avonmore, and Augh- rim, to the sea at Arklow. OwrEnBEG forms the most beautiful rapid in the kingdom be- fore it pays its tribute to the Maine at Ballisodare, four miles above Sligo. OWEN-ERRIVE falls into the Killeries in Joyce country, which, in their wild character, resemble the Norwegian fiords. Reocury runs into the arm of the sea called the Kenmare river. Rog rises in the Derry mountains above Dungiven, and falls into Lough Foyle, below Newtown-Limavady. SwiLLy waters the romantic glen above Letterkenny, and meets the tide water of the estuary, a little below that town. Totka meanders through the rich plains of the northern side of the county of Dublin, and falls into the bay a little below Drumcondra. Vartry rolls through the Devil’s Glen, and unites with the sea near the Murrough of Wicklow. Loucu Neacu. The principal feeders are the Upper Bann, Blackwater, Maine water, Six-mile water, Crumlin water, and the Ballinderry river. ———— eee POPULATION OF CITIES, ETC. Town. County. Celbridge Kildare Chapelizod Dublin Charleville Cork Clane Kildare Clara King’s C. Clare Clare Clare-morris {Mayo Clifden Galway Clogheen Tipperary Cloghnakilty | Cork Clones Monaghn. Clonmel — Tipperary Clontarf Dublin Cloyne Cork Coleraine Londond. Collon Louth Comber Down Cookstown Tyrone Cootehill Cavan Cork | Cork Cove Cork Croome Limerick Crossmolina | Mayo Dingle Kerry Donaghadee |Down Doneraile Cork Downpatrick |Down Drogheda Louth Dromore Down Dublin Dublin Duleek Meath Dundalk Louth Dungannon Tyrone Dungarvan Waterford Dungiven Londond. Dunlavin Wicklow Dunmanway {Cork Durrow Kilkenny Edenderry King’s C. Edgeworthstown} Longford Elphin Roscomm. Ennis Clare Pop. 1831. 1647 1632 4766 1816 1149 1021 1476 1257 1928 3807 2381 15134 1309 2227 5752 1153 1377 2883 2239 107016 6966 1268 1481 2652 4784 17365 1942 204155 1217 10078 3515 6527 1163 1068 2738 1298 1283 1001 1507 7711 4327 | 2986 | County. Enniscorthy Enniskillen Ennistimon Eyrecourt Fermoy Fethard Fintona Foxford Frankford Freshford Galway Glantworth Glin Gorey Gort | Gowran Graig Graigue Granard Harold’s Cross Headford Hillsborough Hollywood Hospital Irvinestown Kanturk Kells Kenmare Kilbeggan Kilcock Kildare Kilfinan Kilkee Kilkeel Kilkenny Killala Killaloe Killarney Killough Killyleagh Killynaule Killysandra Town. Wexford Fermana. Clare Galway Cork Tipperary Tyrone Mayo King’s C. Kilkenny Galway Cork Limerick Wexford Galway Kilkenny Queen’sC. Kilkenny Longford Dublin Galway Down Down Limerick Fermana. Cork Meath Kerry Westmea. Kildare Kildare Limerick Clare Down Kilkenny Mayo Clare Kerry Down Down Tipperary Cavan 585 TABLE SHEWING THE POPULATION OF CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES. Where the Number of Inhabitants exceed One Thousand. (From the Population Returns.) Town. Abbey Abbeyleix Abbeyside Antrim Ardee Ardnaree Ardglass Arklow Armagh Askeaton County. Tipperary Queen’sC. Waterford Antrim Louth Sligo Down Wicklow Armagh Limerick Meath Athboy Athenry Athlone Athy Aughnacloy Bagnalstown Bailyborough Balbriggan Baldoyle Ballaghadereen Ballibay Ballina Ballinakill Ballinasloe Ballingarry Ballinrobe Ballycastle © Ballylongford Ballymahon Ballymena Ballymoney Ballyragget Ballyshannon Baltinglass Banagher . Galway West. & 2 Rosco. § Kildare Tyrone Carlow Cavan Dublin Dublin Mayo Monaghn. Mayo Queen’sC. Galway Limerick Mayo Antrim Kerry Longford Antrim Antrim Kilkenny Donegal Wicklow King’s C. Pop. 1831, 1123 1009 1859 2655 3975 2482 1162 4383 9470 1515 1959 1319 111406 4494 1742 1315 1085 3016 1009 1147 1947 5510 1927 4615 1685 2604 1683 1300 1081 4067 2222 1629 3775 1670 2636 Town. County. Banbridge Bandon Bangor Bantry Belfast Belturbet Blackrock Borrisoleigh Boyle Bray Bruff Buncrana Burrisokane Buttevant Caherciveen Cahir Caledon Callan Cappoquin Carlingford Carlow Carrickfergus Carrickmacross Car.-on-Shan. Car.-on- Suir Cashel Castlebar Castleblayney Castlecomer Castleconnell Castledermot Castle- Island Castlepollard Castlerea Cast.townroche Cavan Down Cork Down Cork Antrim Cavan Dublin Tipperary Roscomm. Wicklow Limerick Donegal Tipperary Cork Kerry Tipperary Tyrone Kilkenny Waterford Louth Carlow ~ Antrim Monaghn. Leitrim Tipperary Tipperary Mayo Monaghn. Kilkenny Limerick Kildare Kerry Westm. ‘Roscomm. ‘Cork | Cavan Pop. 1831. 2469 9917 2741 4275 53287 2026 2050 1304 3433 3758 1772 1059 1185 1536 1192 3408 1079 6111 2289 1319 9114 8706 2979 1870 9626 6971 6373 1828 2436 1313 1385 1570 1618 1172 1095 2931 nm ne, fe 588 Town. Saintfield Shinrone Sixmilebridge Skerries Skibbereen Sligo Stewartstown Strabane Stradbally Strokestown Swords Taghmon Tallow Tanderagee Templemore Thomastown | County. nea | Town. osten eae Down 1053 | Thurles King’s C.} 1267 | Tipperary Clare 1491 | Tralee Dublin 2556 | Tramore Cork 4429 | Trim \Sligo [15152 | Tuam Tyrone | 1010} Tullamore Tyrone |'4700| Tullow Queen’sC,| 1799} Urlingford Roscomm,)| 1547 Warrenspoint Dublin 2537 Waterford Wexford | 1109} Westport Waterford 2998) Wexford Armagh | 1559] Wicklow Tipperary, 2936) Youghall Kilkenny 2871 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. Years. Population. 1672 1,100,000 1712 2,099,094 1726 2,309,106 1754 2,372,634 1767 2,544,276 2,690,556 Year. Population 1785 2,845,932 1805 5,395,456 1813 5,937,856 1821 6,801,827 1831 7,767,401 7,947,848 County. i Tipperary, 7084 Tipperary| 6972 Kerry 9568 |» Waterford| 2224 |Meath 3282 Galway | 6883 |King’s C.} 6342 Carlow 1929 Kilkenny | 1366 Down 1856 Waterford|28821 Mayo 4448 Wexford |10673] — Wicklow | 2472] — Cork 9608 POPULATION OF CITIES, ETC. Town. Kilmallock Kilrea Kilrush Kilworth Kingscourt Kingstown Kinsale Larne Leighlinbridge Leixlip Letterkenny Lifford Limerick Lisburn Lismore Listowell Londonderry Longford Loughrea Lucan Lurgan Macroora Maghera Magherafelt | | Mallow Manor-hamiltn. Markethill Maryborough Maynooth Middleton Millstreet Milltown Mitchelstown Moate Mohill Monaghan Monastereven Moneymore Monkstown Mountmellick Mountrath Mullinabone County. or Limerick | 1213 Londond.| 1215 Clare 3996 Cork 1963 Cavan 1616 Dublin 5736 Cork 7312 Antrim 2616 Carlow 2035 Kildare 1159 Donegal , 2168 Donegal | 1096 Limerick |66554 Antrim 5218 Waterford) 2894 Kerry 2289 Londond. |10130 Longford | 4516 Galway 6268 Dublin 1229 Armagh | 2842 Cork 2058 Londond.| 1154 Londond.| 1436 Cork 5229 Leitrim 1348 Armagh | 1043 Queen’sC.| 3223 Kildare 2053 Cork 2034 Cork 1935 Kerry 1429 Cork 3545 Westmea.| 1785 Leitrim 1606 Monaghn.| 3848 Kildare 1441 Londond. | 1025 Dublin 2029 Queen’sC.| 4577 Queen’sC.| 2593 Tipperary) 1175 Town. Mullingar Naas Navan Nenagh Newcastle Newmarket Do. on Fergus Newport Newry Newtownards Newtownbarry Newtownhamil. New. Limavady Newtn. Stewart Oldcastle Omagh Parsonstown Passage, West Philipstown Portadown Portaferry Portarlington Portlaw Portumna Prosperous Ramelton Ranelagh Raphoe Rathangan Rathcormack Rathdowney Rathdrum Rathfarnham Rathfriland Rathkeale Rathmines Roscommon Roscrea Ross, or New R. Rosscarberry Rush 587 County. -| 183° Westmea. | 4295 Kildare 3808 Meath 4416 Tipperary| 8466 Limerick | 2908 Cork 1437 Clare 1118 Mayo 1235 Down & Armagh } Tegee Down 4442 Wexford | 1430 Armagh | 1020 Londond.| 2428 Tyrone 1737 Meath 1531 Tyrone | 2211 King’s C.| 6594 Cork 214] King’s C.; 1454 Armagh | 1591 Down 2203 |Queen’sC.) 3091 Waterford 1618 Galway 1122 Kildare 1038 Donegal | 1783 Dublin | 1999 Donegal | 1408 Kildare 1165 Cork | 1574 Queen’sC,, 1214 Wicklow | 1054 Dublin 1572 Down 2001 Limerick | 4972 Dublin 1600 Roscomm. 3306 Tipperary, 5512 Wexford | 5011 Cork 1522 Dublin 2144 590 BLES SEER IIE I BE YEE ELE DTI IE ELE LILI IR LLL LDL BEE LEELA Provinces and Repulation: Counties. eres Miles MUNSTER. Clare 258,322)1 2.54 Cork 810,732)2,765 Kerry 263,126)1,795 Limerick 315,355)1,054 Tipperary | 402,563,583 Waterford | 177,054) 736 Totals|2,227,152)9,187 ULSTER. Antrim 325,615)1,186 Armagh 220,134) 513 Cavan 227,933} 740 Donegal 289, 149)1,820 Down 352,012) 955 Fermanagh) . 149,763) 736 Londonder.| 222,012} 810 Monaghan | 195,536) 511 Tyrone 304,468)1,179 Totals 2,286,622'8,450. Connat 414,684 141,524 366,328 249,613 171,765 2,360 657 2,117 952 679 Galway Leitrim Mayo Roscomm Sligo Totals/1,343,914 6,765 —_—. tute Acres, Extent in English Sta- 802,352 1,769,563 1,148,720: 674,783 1,013,173 471,281 5,879,872 Cultivated Acres. 524,113 1,068,803 581,189 582,802 819,698 393,247 3,929,852 — ——_—_ 758,866 328,183 473,449 1,165,107 611,404 471,348 518,270 327,048 754,395) 5,408,070 483,106 267,317 421,462 520,736 502,677 320,599 372,667 309,968 555,820 3,754,352 1,510,592 420.375 1,355,048 609,405 434,188 4,329,608 General Total] 7,767,401 | 31,874 20,399,608 955,713) 266,640 871,984 453,555 257,217 2,805,109 14,603,473 POPULATION, ETC. OF COUNTIES. Whereof Lakes. Extent Acres of Unimproved Mountain and Bog, 700, 760 552,862) 14,669 91,981 182,147} 11,328 188,034 1,905,368) 44,652] _ 49,790} 18,394] 21,987 | 225,970 42,472 30,000 644,371 108,569 101,952 136,038 9,236 171,314 158] 48,797 | 9,565 | 7,844] 27,261 | 1,469,922 183,796] _ 476,957 128, 167 425,124 131,063 168,711 1,330,022 5,340,736 POPULATION, ETC. OF COUNTIES. 589 POPULATION IN 1834. RE ST TES Members anati es J Other Provinces. cae en alee lei ees Total. Armagh 517,722 | 1,955,123 | 638,073 | 15,823 | 3,126,741 Dublin 177,930 | 1,063,681 2,517} 3,162 | 1,247,290 Cashel 112,425 | 2,223,636 966| 2,454 | 2,339,481 Tuam 44,599 | 1,188,568 800 369 | 1,234,336 Total Pop. | 852,676 | 6,431,008 | 642,356 | 21,808 | 7,947,848 TABLE, shewing the Population in each of the Counties of Ireland; the ex‘ont of each in Square Miles and English Statute Acres ; specifying the extent of Cultivated Land, of Unimproved Mountain and Bog, and of Lakes respectively. Provinces and Counties. LEINSTER. Carlow Dublin Kildare Kilkenny King’s Co. Longford Louth Meath : Queen’s C. Westrneath Wexford Wicklow Totals Population. 1831. 81,988 380, 167 108,424 193,686 144,225 112,558 124,846 176,826 145,851 136,872 182,715 121,557 1,909,713 Whereof ne Extent in Stare tute Acres. | Cultivated | y,AeTerof | Bakes Mountain and in Bog. Acres. 344) 219,863] 196,833} 23,030) — 888} 248,631} 237,819} 10,812) — 613) 392,435} 325,988) 66,447; — 803) 513,686) 417,117) 96,569) — 825) 528,166\ 394,569} 133,349; 248 412) 263,645] 192,506} 55,247/15,892 322} 206,261} 191,345} 14,916, — 886) 567,127| 561,527 5,600; — 620} 396,810} 335,838] 60,972); — 604} 386,251) 313,935) 55,982)16,334 882) 564,479) 545,979) 18,500) — 773| 494,704, 400,704) 94,000; — ete ee | 14,160] 635,424/32,474 cn EEETEEEEE 592 REVENUE AND TRADE. ENTERED INWARDS IN IRELAND FROM ALL PARTS OF THE. WORLD IN 1837. Number British and Irish Vessels . : 6 : : 17,266 Foreign . : “ : A : : 137 Total 17,403 ENTERED INWARDS IN IRELAND FROM ALL PARTS EXCEPT GREAT BRITAIN IN 1837 : . é : 948 CLEARED OUTWARDS FROM IRELAND TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD IN 1837. British and Irish Vessels . 5 - : 10,633 Foreign . : . : : . > : 11] Total 10,744 CLEARED OUTWARDS FROM IRELAND TO ALL PARTS EX- CEPT GREAT BRITAIN IN 1837 : & : 711 REVENUE. Total public Income in Year ended 5 January, 1838, £4,531,540. Year ended 5th January, 1838. Gross Receipt. Nett Produce, MO USLOMIS he cewsvewsews sececces ones £1,945,849 | £1,937,033 PE RQISCMMEEN 4 siainsae ana soceoason ses 1,835,392 1,829,748 PREVA ste a nsice's ag oninidcincitin ots ‘ 475,677 460,388 AO SEHO ICE's caiciscisnsscaemcweteses 261,296 235,744 Miscellaneous........cecccccsece 13,326 13,326 ened TRADE. OFFICIAL VALUE OF IMPORTS INTO IRELAND. FROM FOREIGN PARTS. In 1835. : 2 5 = . - £1,447,933 In 1836. : : : : ~ : 1,497,549 [tia ko (aaa : : : - : - 1,512,427 OFFICIAL VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM IRELAND. TO FOREIGN PARTS. In 1835 < : 4 : : : » £458,038 In 1836 4 : . 5 : : : 353,735 In 1837 : . : : “ : ° 246,131 REAL OR DECLARED VALUE OF THE PRODUCE AND MANUFACTURES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM EXPORTED FROM IRELAND. TO FOREIGN PARTS. In 1835 : ° : . A : « £445,900 In 1836 . ° : . : . 353,141 In 1837 . : ‘ 5 5 . : 303,040 CUSTOMS AND SHIPPING. 591 TABLE, shewing the Gross Receipts of Customs, Registered Vessels, and their Tonnage, of the principal Ports. ‘ Registered Vessels. Cities and Towns vane a 1835. No. Tonnage. Belfast . 5 5 £366,718 293 32,545 Cork : ; : 230,904 302 21,514 Drogheda 6 0 13,382 39 4,272 Dublin. “ : 898,630 324 25,936 Dundalk . ; 3 4,514 EL 643 Galway . x ‘ 31,769 10 649 Limerick . : : 146,222 69 4,883 Londonderry . 2 99,652 43 6,237 Newry 2 2 A 58,806 161 9,060 Sligo 8 5 : 35,863 19 1,762 Waterford ‘ 3 137,126 126 13,879 Wexford . . tw 6,306 | 109 | 6,750 NUMBER OF VESSELS BUILT AND REGISTERED IN THE SEVERAL PORTS OF IRELAND. Year. No. Tonnage. In 1835 39 2,521 In 1836 22 oi bys In 1837 38 3,291 (US RS are te ar ceo ee NUMBER OF VESSELS, THEIR TONNAGE, ETC. BELONGING TO THE SEVERAL PORTS OF IRELAND. Tonnage. Men. es In 1835 1,627 131,735 9,282 In 1836 1.635 128,469 9,189 In 1837 1,694 139,363 9,865 594 PLACES RETURNING MEMBERS. Counties, Cities, and Boroveus, returning Members to Parlia- ment, with their respective Constituencies. Places. | | | | Antrim Co. Armagh Co, Armagh Athlone Bandon Belfast Carlow Co. Carlow Carrickfergus Cashel Cavan Co. Clare Co. Clonmel Coleraine Cork Co. Cork Donegal Co. Down Co. Downpatrick Drogheda. Dublin Co. Dublin City Dublin University Dundalk Dungannon Dungarvan Ennis Enniskillen Fermanagh Co. Galway Co. Galway Kerry Co. Kildare Co. Ss DON NWN EER ERP NPNNEF RE NNNNEF RE NNERP ENN ree bby ' | Member Constitu- ency. 3822 3423 541 243, 293 2137 1302 307 1431 325 2241 2671 526 320 3926 446] 1618 3729 525 651 2025 7113 2100 376 197 707 238 215 1484 2511 2062 1212 1152 Places. — Kilkenny Co. Kilkenny King’s Co. Kinsale Leitrim Co. Limerick Co. Limerick Lisburn Londonderry Co. Londonderry Longford Co. Louth Co. Mallow Mayo Co. Meath Co. Monaghan Co. Newry Portarlington Queen’s Co. Roscommon Co. Ross, New Sligo Co. Sligo Tipperary Co. Tralee Tyrone Co. Waterford Co. Waterford Westmeath Co. Wexford Co. Wexford Wicklow Co. Youghal EP DeENDNNWNNENWENHE NNR RFP NNNE NNN NNNHNrb Members Constitu- ency. — 1262 599 1514 214 1437 2565 2976 134 2658 703 1581 904 474 1756 1828 2472 1134 156 1692 1864 221 804 694 2369 174 1250 1478 1473 1525 3567 373 1679 338 SS SS SS SS SSSR SESE SSE 32 Counties. . 1 University. . = 33 Cities and Burghs . Members . 64 Total 105 Ege 593 VALUE OF THE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS IN 1835. Including the Coasting Trade. Ports. ie ee Ardglass and Aone : £35,161 £2,970 lArklow. i 3 3,577 6,762 Balbriggan . c ; 5,417 11,391 Ballina 2 A 3 70,568 13,532 Ballyrane Creek : 20,834 5,770 Ballycastle Creek. ; 1,791 2,030 Ballyshannnon 5 5 11,180 9,524 Baltimore, &c. - A 37,144 17,767 Bantry Creek : . 6,212 17,293 Berehaven Creek . i 77,360 30,081 Belmullet Creek 4 s 2,940 ns Belfast : ; 4 4,341,794 8,695,437 Clare Creek 4 16,617 1,672 Coleraine and Borancsh 3 105,685 65,900 Cork : 2,909,846 2,751,684 Donaghadee Creek | 4 62,484 7,570 Donegal Creek : ‘ 11,363 E33 Drogheda ; ‘ Z 766,027 |, 259,854 Dublin 3 ; 2 2,528,543 4,430,321 Dundalk ; { - 452,813 107,953 Dungarvan . . bs 69,486 16,312 Galway : : 251,864 88,268 Killala 5 R A 26,396 3,188 Kilrush 4 3 fs 36,158 2,768 Kinsale Creek : 13,479 18,262 Larne Creek p 66,309 7,255 Limerick . : : 726,430 323,740 Londonderry ; - 1,040,918 708,054 Newcastle Creek § i 3,681 3,156 Newport Creek - : 2,269 — Newry i 5 : 616,836 . 568,711 Ross ; h : 59,074 28,007 Strangford : : 79,633 20,498 Sligo 4 : . 369,490 124,692 Tralee A - ‘ 42,315 7,270 Waterford . : : 1,821,245 1,274,154 Wexford . - A 312,136 621,417 Westport . 4 : 87,805 28,517 Wicklow . ; . 86,565 | 15,671 Youghal. : ; 215,316 28,310 — $$ | ————— ———— Total |£17,394,813 |£15,337,097 eh $e ts CSS eee 596 IRISH AND ENGLISH ACRES. TABLE FOR CONVERTING IRISH ACRES INTO . ENGLISH. Trish English. Trish English, Irish } English. Acres/ A cres|Rds. Poles.||4CT€S1A cres. Rds. Poles Acres. “Acres. Rds.) Poles: u 1 |} 2) 19 || 36 ro yey war HO) Cbs LT a hes 1 2 SS lal Sika sty 59 | 3 | 29 72 | 116 | 2| 20 3 4/3] 17 ||. 38 (a3 Fes 8 Gooey LES: 24536 4 6} 1} 36 || 39 GSM EE 27. 74 1119} 3] 18 5) Siig nal ols 40 64 | 3 6 CSS \y PA ale hai) SYS} 6 OS al Son 4k 66 | 1 | 26 OR ED oa 17 Me V4) aS Génie 5 77 | 124 | 9 | 36 Solea|vouse- 43 69 | 2| 24 7831126 JON) els OP 14 | 2) 12 || 44 7 ak 3 OL ge etl all TOPS Ae) Sl | 45 C2 Sal 22-2805. 12394 Bs line W101) 46 741 9 | ] SHS Ea TS3 Le hee oi 12°} 19:| 1 | 30 || 47 TASS | S2HT32 ess aTD 1 E33 (A iol eae 9 || 48 Gio 83 | 184] 11 31 14 | 22 | 2| 28 || 49 794) eto 84 | 136 | _ | 10 RD 24d 7 || 50 80 | 3 | 28 85 | 137 | 2 | 29 16 725 | 3) 36 || 51 SW faite) | Pea Ly) 86 | 139 | 1 8 QT | 2 OL Ney) SA aoe 87 | 140 | 3 | 28 TOO | 25.1 53 Sou SAF 16 88 | 142 | 2 ¥ 19 } 30 | 3 4-}\ 54 Sia eal so 89 | 144 | _ | 96 DOM roomate 2a. 1-55 SOM eee 4 90 | 145 | 3 5 SA a 2 || 56 90 | 2 | 33 91} 147 | 1) 24 SOOM Uo OO Textile 92 | 149 | _ 3 Piet lawn =) 1 08 93 | 3 | 32 93 } 150 | 2 |} 93 24} 38 | 3 | 20 || 59 OSS PIE es Aa 94] 151] 1 2 25 | 40 | 1 | 39 || 60 OTE SO OOM TS 2s 3) 26142 Wen 18 || 6] 98 | 3 9 xP S3 fl 95 fy 97 1-43 | 2 | 37 || 62 | 100 | I | 28 hay elles Nb Re" DS aouml tO 1/63: 1 102 |) = 7 98 | 158 | 2 | 29 29 | 46 | 3 | 36 || 64 1 1038 | 2 | 97 99 |} 160 | 1/18 30 | 48 | 2; 15 | 651105 )] 1 64-100") 16l | 3") 97 Sli OOM 048 66.4) LOG: 123 | 25 || 150 | 242 |'3 | 36 32} 51} 3 | 13 || 67 | 108) 2; 4 | 200 | 323 | 3 | 34 30 | 03 | 1 } 32 || 68 | 110 | — | 23 | 250 | 404 | 3 | 32 S424 oon = hd) P69 ALE 3 2 || 300 | 485 | 3 | 30 So too 2) Sl ZO 13. |} 122 IRISH AND ENGLISH MILES. 595 TABLE FOR CONVERTING IRISH MILES INTO BRITISH. ee Ir.]|_ English. | Ir.J_ English. | tyish|__ English. fe English. M.] M. M.|M.| F.) P. F, P. | Miles|Miles., F. P. | Miles Miles.) F.) P, 4} —|2)21}|/38]48)/2/36|| 78] 99/2] 7] 118]150/1]18 3] -|5| 3//39]49]5| 3] 79]100/4/14] 119] 151)3 | 25 3] —|7|25/|40}50/7|10|| 80] 101 | 6) 21 || 120] 152/5/ 32 1] 1/2| 7/|41]52)1/18|; 81] 103 }~ | 29|| 121] 154}-|— 2} 2/4) 14||42153| 3/25] 82]104/ 2) 36] 129]155/2| 7 3] 3/6|21||43]54/ 5/32) 83]105/5} 3/123] 1356/4) 14 4] 5|-|29/|44]56|-|/—|| 84]106|7| 10} 124) 157/6) 21 5| 6/2/36]|45157/2/) 7]| 851108}1/18 125} 159|~) 29 6] 7'5| 3|/46]58' 4/14]! 86}109|3/25'| 126] 160 | 2) 36 7| 8|7|10||47]59| 6/21]| 87}110/5|32) 127] 161/5) 3 8110/1} 18} 48}61]—|29]| 88}112|-—|— || 128] 162|7)|10 9}11/ 3) 25 || 49] 62|2'36|} 89]113/2) 7] 129}164/1/18 10] 12| 5/32 || 50]63| 5! 3|| 90}114]4] 14) 130] 165) 3) 25 11}14}-|— || 51]64/7/10]} 91]115]6| 211 131] 166) 5/32 12}15|2| 7||52]66/1/18}| 92]117|~|29]| 132] 168 |—|— 13/16) 4/14 || 53]67|3/25|| 93]118/2)|36]| 133]169|2| 7 14}17| 6} 21 || 54}68/5/32|| 94]119/5] 3] 134}170|4/14 15} 19}-| 29 || 55}70|—~|—]| 95}120/ 7/10] 135]171| 6 | 21 16] 20| 2| 36 || 56}71|2) 7|/ 96]122]1]18||136]173|~—| 29 17{21|5| 3||57]72)4/14]| 974123] 3|25||137}174| 2| 36 18} 22|7}| 10 || 58}73|6/21]] 98]123) 4|32||138]17515| 3 19|24]}1|18|/59}75]—/291| 99]126| —|—||139]176| 7/10 20| 25 | 2|25||60176/2 36//100]127/2| 7||140]178| 1/18 214/26 /5|32|/61177/5| 31|/101]128| 4/14] 141]179] 3/25 22 | 28 | —| — || 62178 | 7/10 || 102] 129| 6} 21 || 142]180/ 5) 32 23129/2| 7|/63180] 1/181) 103]131|—| 29] 143] 182/—|— 24130 | 4/14 || 64181 | 3/25 || 104]132| 2] 36!| 1441832) 7 25431 | 6/21 || 65]82| 5/32}/105}133/5| 3] 145]184)/4/14 26 133 | — | 29 || 66,84] —|— || 106; 134]7|10|| 146] 185] 6/21 27 | 34 | 2; 36 || 67|85/2) 7||107]136/1| 18] 147]187|-| 29 28/35|5| 3|/68]86| 4/14 || 108] 137}3| 25) 148] 188! 2/36 29} 36|7/10|'69]187| 6/21 |/109]138/5, 32) 149]189/5} 3 30138 /1|18]| 70/89] —| 29 |!110]140]—|—|' 150]190| 7/10 31139 | 3/25] 71]90| 2/36 |}111]141/2| 7] 160] 203/5| 3 32140 | 5/32] 72/91/5] 3|/112]142|4| 14] 170] 216) 2) 36 33] 42 |—| —|' 73/92] 7/10 || 113] 143] 6] 21 || 180] 229 | —| 29 34/432) 7] 74]94/1/18 |} 114] 145] —| 29|| 190] 241 | 6 | 21 351444) 141 75195| 3/25 1 115] 146} 2| 36 | 200] 254) 4) 14 36145 | 6/21] 76]96/ 5/321 116]147/5| 3/|250]318/1)18 37147! —'29|'77]98| —'— |] 117}148!7 | 10 || 300] 381 '6'21 SS 598 MINERAL STRUCTURE. granite axis the mica schist is often absent, so that the argillaceous schist is found in contact with the granite, and even this latter may be deficient, and the granite is found to be in contact witk quartz rock, as is the case at Shankhill, near the Scalp, in the county of Dublin; in other cases all the primary strata may be absent, and the granite is followed by the carboniferous limestone. All these phenomena may be observed in the counties of Dublin and Wicklow, a district no less remarkable for its varied and pictu- resque beauties than for the facilities which it presents for studying almost every circumstance connected with the history of the primary strata. The granite of Killiney contains several interesting minerals such as spodumene, apatite, and hillinite, which last named mineral has only been found in this locality. Killiney is also deserving of notice, as affording a most instructive example of the intrusion of granite veins into the adjacent strata, where, from the distinct- ness of the section and its easy access, almost every circumstance connected with the natural history of granite veins may be studied as ona model. If we now examine the western shores of Ireland, we shall find that like the eastern they are bounded by ranges of primary rocks. In the north we find one of these mountain chains extending be- tween the rivers Roe and Strabane, and occupying part of the counties of Derry and Tyrone. The principal rocks consist of granite, gneiss, and micaschist. This range has been considered as continuous with the Grampians of Scotland, and there appear to be many points of resemblance between them. The primary mountains of the south-west of Ireland are not yet sufficiently known, but granite occurs from Donegal to Galway, and in the former county quartz rock is very abundant, and often forming mountains of considerable elevation. The county of Galway is also remarkable for the beautiful serpentine which occurs in the district of Connemara. From these observations, it appears, that the granite and primary strata are confined almost entirely to the coasts of Ireland, while the interior of the country may be considered as a vast basin of secon- dary strata enclosed within the mountain ranges. As an exception to this remark, we may mention that Lieutenant Stoddhard, of the Royal Engineers, has detected a mass of granite in the county of Cavan, but in this instance the granite does not attain to any considerable elevation. Although so great a portion of the surface of Ireland is occupied by secondary strata, they do not present anything like the interesting variety of features which they exhibit in England. No tertiary formation has yet been detected in Ireland. With the excep- tion of the province of Ulster, scarcely any rock newer than the = MINERAL STRUCTURE. 597 OUTLINE OF THE MINERAL STRUCTURE OF IRELAND. By Professor Scouler. Ir may be stated in general terms, that the surface of Ireland ex- hibits a vast extent of calcareous strata, which, occupying the central parts of the island, are bounded along the coast by ranges of mountains, consisting chiefly of primary rocks. The ranges of pri- mary mountains which extend around the shores of Ireland, do not form one continuous and uninterrupted belt, nor do they con- sist of rocks of the same mineral composition, or even of the same antiquity, but each mountain range has its own geological features and peculiarities of structure. If we commence our exa- mination on the north-east coast, we observe the primary chain of the Mourne mountains, which extends from Dundrum bay on the north to Carlingford on the south, thus traversing the whole length of the county of Down. The axis of the Mourne range consists of granite flanked by masses of greenstone, hornblende schists, &c. and these primary rocks are succeeded by grey wacke schists, which extend from the mountainous region of Down, into the counties of Armagh, Monaghan, and Cavan. The granite of the Mourne mountains differs considerably in mineral characters from that of the Wicklow range, hereafter to be noticed ; it often contains hornblende, and a mineral which is extremely rare in the granite of the south-east coast; andthe felspar is of a reddish colour, while that of the Wicklow granite is of a pearly white. It is deserving of notice that gneiss, a rock so common in the primary districts of Scotland, does not occur anywhere in the mountains of Down or Wicklow; mica schist, which is found in great abun- dance in the Wicklow range and also in the primary districts of the north-west of Ireland, has not been detected in the Mourne mountains. Fine crystals of topaz and beryl are found in the gra- nite of Slieve Donard, one of the Mourne mountains. The primary mountains of Downshire may be considered as a continua- tion of that range of hills which extends from Port Patrick in Scot- land across that country to St. Abb’s head on its eastern shores, If we now proceed to the south of the Bay of Dublin, we find another granite axis extending from Killiney on the north to Bran- don on the south, a distance of about sixty miles. The granite of the county of Wicklow is often succeeded by mica schist, and this rock is usually followed by argillaceous schist and quartz rock. This order of succession among the primary strata is not always perfect, for both on the eastern and western sides of the 600 MINERAL STRUCTURE. limestone with the inferior formations. Examples of dolomite occur near Dublin at Howth, and near Milltown on the Dodder; it is also found on the Suir near Waterford. The carboniferous limestone is very rich in organic fossils, which are often identical with those found in corresponding stratain England. Almost every limestone district furnishes abun- dance of fossil shells, and corals, which can often be obtained in a very perfect state. There are, however, some localities which are very rich in such fossils. The limestone quarries of Clane near Kildare, afford great numbers of the more common fossils, the vicinity of Cork also abounds in organic remains; very fine speci- mens may be obtained near Dungannon in the county of Tyrone, and in the northern parts of Downshire very large specimens of Orthocera gigantea are found. Coal occurs in many parts of Ireland, but unfortunately no where in sufficient quantity to supply the wants of the country, so that the subject may be too often considered rather as one of geological curiosity than one of economical interest. The various reports of Mr. Griffith on the coal formations of Ireland contain much valuable information, and we shall merely give an outline of the more important facts which have been ascertained. Two coal fields occur in the province of Ulster, -but they are of a very limited extent. The district of Coal Island, in the county of Tyrone, is the more important one. In this district there are seven beds of coal, none of them exceeding six feet in thickness. The coal is of excellent quality, and is extensively used in the surrounding country. Another small field occurs at Ballycastle, in the northern extremity of the county of Antrim; it is of far less economical importance than the prece- ding one, but is extremely interesting to the geologist from the in- trusion of the deep rocks, and the effects which they have pro- duced on the contiguous strata. The province of Connaught contains extensive beds of bitumi- nous or flaming coal, but they rarely if ever exceed three feet four inches in thickness. Coal is found in the counties of Leitrim, Roscommon, and Sligo. The Arigna iron works are situated in the county of Roscommon, and consequently they derive their supply of fuel and iron stone from this coal field. The Munster coal is found at Dromagh and Kanturk in Cork, and is also found, though sparingly, in Kerry and Li- merick. Besides this deposit of lignite, whose characters are similar to those of the deposit of Bovey coal in England, numerous accu- mulations of gravel and other transported matters occur every where throughout Ireland, which require to be briefly noticed. These depositions of transported matters are of two kinds, of which one is distinguished by the presence of marine shells, and conse- MINERAL STRUCTURE. 599 carboniferous strata has been observed, and even in Ulster the beds of lias, magnesian limestone, or chalk, occur on a very diminutive scale when compared with similar formationsin England. Of the older fossiliferous rocks which occur between the primary strata and the old red sandstone we know very little, although it is extremely probable that such deposits exist in several parts of Ireland ; but this question has been so little investigated hitherto, that it would be hazardous to express any opinion till the necessary data have been obtained. The old red sandstone is a rock of very general occurrence in Treland, often emerging from under the carboniferous limestone, and rising into hills of considerable elevation. ‘The sandstone varies considerably in its mineral characters; sometimes it con- sists of an aggregation of fine grains of quartz ; in other situa- tions it forms a conglomerate consisting of pebbles of quartz, reunited in some cases by oxide of iron. Examples of this conglo- merate may be seen near Dublin, at the peninsula of Portrane, or at the hill of Lyons in the county of Kildare. The old red sandstone is said to alternate with beds of grey wacke and grey wacke schist. The Slieve Bloom mountains consist chiefly of sand- stone, reposing on argillaceous schist, and the same remark applies to the Bilboa and Keeper mountains. This rock is also found in Waterford, Cork, and Linierick, and in short is of frequent occur- rence whenever the absence of the limestone or the inequalities of the country permit the circumstance to be ascertained. By far the most predominant rock in Ireland is the mountain or carboniferous limestone, and with the exceptions of Antrim, Wicklow, and Derry, itis found in every county of Ireland. As the carboniferous limestone occupies so great an extent of the surface of Ireland, we may expect that it will exhibit a considerable variety both in its mineral characters and in its relative position to other rocks. As might be anticipated the limestone reposes indif- ferently on every older rock, and is also found in contact with every erupted rock, from granite to trap. Near Dublin this rock possesses peculiar characters, which have obtained for it the ap- pellation of calp limestone. This calp is merely an impure lime- stone, apparently a mixture of limestone and argillaceous matters in various proportions, It has a compact appearance, and consists of beds varying in thickness from an inch to three feet and upwards, and is extensively employed near Dublin as a building material, Organic remains are rare in this form of the limestone, but whenever they are observed they are found to be identical with those which are found in the ordinary carboniferous limestone. Dolomite is another rock which is found associated with the carboniferous limestone. This form of magnesian limestone is very local, and usually oceurs near the contact of the ordinary 602 MINERAL STRUCTURE. other districts of Ireland, although not so abundantly as in the north. A very interesting series of trap veins has been observed by Archdeacon Verschoyle in the north-west of the county of Mayo ; they are eleven in number, and hold a parallel course from east to west for a distance of sixty miles, although the average breadth of any of the veins seldom exceeds forty feet. Numerous masses of trap have been observed in the vicinity of Limerick, which differ considerably in their features from any of those already mentioned; they consist of rounded masses of trap, of small elevation, which have been protruded through the limestone, but in no instance have they sent forth veins into the adjacent strata. At Pallasgreen, about eight miles from Limerick, one of these masses of trap possesses a columnar structure, scarcely inferior in regularity or beauty to any of those which have been observed in the north of Ireland. At Kilteely, a few miles from Pallasgreen, there is another columnar structure, but in this case the columns consist of compact felspar. Some rarer forms of erupted rocks have also been noticed in Ireland. Veins of pitchstone have been observed near Newry, the only situation in Ireland in which this interesting rock occurs. At Sandy Brae, about nine miles from Antrim, there is a forma- tion of pelchstone, porphyry and pearl stone porphyry, and the latter rock has been traced as far as the Kilwarlin hills in the vicinity of Hillsborough, and this is the only situation in which this rock has hitherto been found in the British islands. The province of Leinster does not afford any bituminous or flaming coal. The anthracite or blind coal of this province, as well as that of Munster, burns without smoke or flame. This variety of coal is obtained in Carlow, Kilkenny, and Queen’s county, and is extensively used in the surrounding districts. With the exception of the province of Ulster we are not aware that any strata newer than the carboniferous formation has been ob- served in Ireland, but in that province we find indications of all the newer secondary strata from the coal to the chalk. The new red sandstone is the rock which in England succeeds the coal strata, and in that country constitutes a very extensive formation. This rock occurs in the north of Ireland, but its boundaries have not yet been completely ascertained. It may, however be observed in the vicinity of Belfast, constituting a very red but soft and friable sandstone, and is associated with beds of marl and gypsum. The — red sandstone has also been traced into Monaghan and Tyrone, and in the latter county the interesting discovery of fossil fishes in this formation has been made. The lias, green sand, and chalk of the county of Antrim are better known than the preceding formation. The lias is well ex- hibited in the line of coast between Gerron Point and Lough Larne. The fossil remains which occur in this formation resemble MINERAL STRUCTURE. 601 quently may be considered as elevated beaches, indicating a change in the level of the land, and its recent emergence from under the ocean. Along the coast of Wexford, according to Mr. Griffith, there is an extensive deposit of shelly gravel extending over a district twenty miles in length, and in which marine shells are found at an elevation of seventy feet above the level of the sea. In the vicinity of Dublin we find evidences of similar phenomena. At Howth, and on the southern side of the promontory of Bray, the marine remains are found ata still higher elevation than in those gravel beds of the shores of Wexford. If we examine the vallies in which the different streams which empty themselves into the bay of Dublin take their origin, we find accumulations of shelly gravel at a distance of several miles from the sea, and at an elevation of more than one hundred feet above its level. The second kind of transported substances consists of long ridges — of gravel extending through many parts of the country, and in which no marine shells have yet been. detected. These ridges of gravel which, in the south are known by the name of eskers, and in the north by the appellation of rumlins, exhibit a considerable variety in their arrangement and composition. In some cases they hold an uninterrupted course for miles, and in others their direction is more irregular and flexuous. As limestone is the predomina- ting rock in the country, they are often entirely composed of fragments of that rock, but in general they consist of the same kind of rocks as are to be found in situ in their immediate vicinity. The beds of clay and marl so often found under the bogs, and which so frequently contain the remains of the fossil elk are of still more recent origin than the gravel ridges already ‘noticed. To complete this brief outline of the mineral structure of Ire- land, it will be necessary to add a few words on the erupted or unstratified rocks, of which so many varieties are to be found in Ireland. Besides the granite which forms the nucleus of the great mountain chains, we find interesting formations of trap, porphyry, and pearl stone porphyry which require to be mentioned, and there is no part of the empire in which they can be studied to more advantage than in the north of Ireland. In the county of Antrim we find almost every variety of trap rock. The basaltic columns of the Giant’s Causeway, and the splendid promontory of Fairhead ~ are well known; but the geologist will be still more interested in studying the phenomena of the trap veins and the changes which they have produced on the adjacent rocks. At Ballintoy the trap veins have burst through the chalk and include fragments of that rock; near Belfast the intrusion of similar veins has changed the chalk into granular marble. In the vicinity of the Cave hill, near Belfast, there is a vein of trap composed of regular prisms of that substance which extend across the vein. ‘Trap rocks occur. in eS SS a ee ee 604 BOTANY. A BRIEF VIEW OF THE BOTANY OF IRELAND. By J. T. Mackay, M.R.I.A. A.L.S. ALTHOUGH the Flora of Ireland is not so numerous as that of Great Britain, it possesses a good many plants not found in i England or Scotland, some of which may be noticed, together with others of rather rare occurrence to be found in different parts of the country. i Killarney is celebrated for its large specimens of Arbutus, (A. Unedo) and the Kerry and Cork mountains furnish several species ih of Sazifrage of the Robertsonia or London Pride division not i found elsewhere in Britain, as may be seen by referring to the _ #,- _ ,Flora Hibernica. The rare and beautiful fern Trichomanes brevi- z ? : . | /f 4 @>+ setum, now so much sought after, is found in greater abundance near Killarney than any other place in Ireland.* Brandon, in the county of Kerry, is one of the richest mountains in Ireland for | Alpine plants, near to which, on Connor hill, the rare little pro- q cumbent plant (Sibthorpia europea) is to be seen in abundance. The Pinguicula grandiflora, found abundantly near Cork and other parts of the country, is particularly deserving of notice, as it is now much sought after by cultivators. The wild district of Connemara in the county of Galway furnishes a considerable number of rare and interesting plants, the most remarkable of which are the following:—Erica mediterranea, found on Urrisbeg, near Roundstone, which species has since its first discovery there, also been found in Erris; Erica Mackaiana, Menziesia polifolia or Irish heath, which, as well as the beautiful variety with white flowers, are now general favorites in garden collections. The curious Eriocaulon septangulare, which also grows in the island of Skye in Scotland, is here to be seen in almost every lake. The London pride, Saxifraga umbrosa, is found on several of the mountains, in the greatest abundance ; on Muilrea mountain in the county of Mayo, on Croagh Patrick, and in Erris. Sazifraga oppositifolia, which grows abundantly in the Donegal and Sligo mountains, is also to be met with on the range of mountains which separates Connemara from Joyce country. The isles of Arran afford the beautiful and delicate Adiantum capillus-veneris, or true maiden hair fern, in the greatest profusion, in the crevices of the limestone rocks, of which the island is composed. It is now found more sparingly near Roundstone and on the high mountain range between Tralee and Dingle, in the county of Kerry. ¥ 4 ' hia has recently been found by Robert Ball, Esq.in the county of Water- ord. MINERAL STRUCTURE. 603 those of the lias of England, and this similarity has been ren- dered still more interesting by the discovery of the vertibre of a Plesiosaurus in the lias of Antrim. The disputed rock of Portrush which caused so much discussion between the Hut- tonian and Wernerian geologists, belongs to the lias formation. The rock is of a uniform and compact structure, resembling basalt in its appearance, but containing numerous impressions of Ammonites, and appears to be a lias shale changed into a sili- cious schist by the trap rocks. Green sand also occurs in the county of Antrim; it may be seen to advantage at Colin Glen in the vicinity of Belfast. In the north of Ireland this rock is known by the name of Mulatto sand, and its identity with the green sand of England is ascertained, since both rocks contain similar fossils, and occupy the same geo- logical position. The only remaining stratified rock is the chalk which is also confined to the northern extremity of Ireland. The English geologist familiar with the soft and friable chalk of Kent and Sussex, will be surprised to find in Ireland that the same formation has assumed the appearance of a hard and compact limestone, but on examination he will find that it possesses numerous marks of identity in its organic fossils and position with respect to the older strata. We have already observed that no tertiary strata have been discovered in Ireland, and if any formation newer than the chalk requires to be mentioned, it is probably the beds of clay and lignite which occur around the margins of Lough Neagh. This deposit appears to be of considerable extent, but is so ob- scured by accumulations of peat and transported matters, that its boundaries cannot be easily ascertained. Near Verner’s bridge in Tyrone it is of very great depth, and contains beds of fossil wood. The silicified woods of Lough Neagh in all probability belong to this formation, and it is needless to add that there is no foundation for the opinion that any petrifying property is possessed by the waters of that lake. The silicified woods found in the vicinity of Lough Neagh have been proved to belong to some species of pine, and not to the holly, as is commonly believed. 606 BOTANY. to the Ordnance Survey, has found three species of Pyrola, viz :— Pyrola media, Pyrola minor, and Pyrola secunda, the only habitat in Ireland for the last named species. Mr. Moore has also found in Antrim, Carex Buxbaumii and Calamagrostis lapponica, new to the British and Irish Floras. In the neighbourhood of Dublin, from its vicinity to the sea and mountains, a large proportion of the plants of Ireland is to be found; and the botanist will be well rewarded by visiting Howth, Port- marnock sands, Killiney hill, and the adjoining county of Wicklow ; but as the habitats of all the rarer plants are given in our Flora, it is unnecessary fo enumerate them in this short sketch. Doctor Taylor, the celebrated Cryptogamic botanist, has well described the Mosses, Hepaticze and Lichens of Ireland in the second part of the Flora Hibernica, from which it will be seen that our island is rich in those minute vegetables, In the last mentioned family, the lichenes—he has described many species quite new, chiefly found by him near Dunkerrin, in the county of Kerry, where he now resides. The shores of Ireland are also rich in marine plants, which are ably described by Mr, Harvey in the above mentioned work. The late Miss Hutchins of Ballylickey has enabled us to record the many rare and interesting species found by her at Bantry bay, as has Mr. Harvey those of the coast of Clare and other places; and Miss Ball has very successfully examined the Waterford coast near Youghal. To Mr. Templeton, the late eminent botanist ; Doctor Drummond of Belfast; and Mr. Moore, we are indebted for a knowledge of many rare species of Alge, found by them on the Antrim coast. In conclusion we may add that it cannot now be said that the botany of Ireland is little known. THE END. BOTANY. 605 Ina recent Botanical tour through Connemara, and other parts of the County of Galway, the following plants were added to the Flora of that county:—Carex filiformis and Carex limosa in boggy ground near Woodstock, four miles from Galway, on the road to Outerard, and on a small limestone hill opposite to it Orobanche rubra, hitherto only found on trap rocks, near Belfast and Magilli- gan. The genus Orobanche, of which we have three species in- digenous in Ireland, are generally supposed to be parasitical. One species Orobanche major grows on the roots of the common broom, hence the English name broom rape. Another species Orobanche minor is in this country invariably found near the roots of Ivy, and does not appear to differ from the species known by that name in England which is there always found among clover. Orobanche rubra, bowever, does not appear to derive its nourishment from any other plant, but is constantly found growing in the crevices of rocks. By the side of the Outerard road, near Ross, and in Ross woods, Pimpinella magna was found in great abundance. A new habitat for the Erica mediterranea was found by Simon Foot, Esq. Joseph Hooker, Esq. and others, on the side of Muilrea mountain, near the Killeries, and on the cliffs near the summit Oxyria reniformis was found for the first time. Erica Mackaiana was also seen in full flower about half way be- tween Clifden and Roundstone, where it was originally discovered and promises to be a great acquisition to our garden collections. Silene Anglica was found abundantly in corn fields, and by the way side, two miles to the west of Outerard. It had previously been found sparingly in the County of Donegal, On the Burren mountains, county of Clare, the mountain Avens, Dryas octopetala, which is also found in Antrim, is most abundant, and the Potentilla fruticosa, which is found plentifully at Rock Forest near Gort, is also worthy of notice. Ben Bulben and the other adjoining limestone mountains in the county of Sligo are interesting to the botanist, in producing the rare Arenaria ciliata, together with a good many other Alpine plants, some of which may be mentioned, viz :—Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Thalictrum alpinum, Oxyria reniformis, Rhodiola rosea; and since the publi- cation of Flora Hibernica, Saxifraga nivalis, an inhabitant of the highest cliffs of Ben Lomond, Ben Lawers, aud other moun- tains in the Highlands of Scotland, has been added to our Flora, by John Wynne, Esq. of Hazlewood. The Donegal mountains, as far as they have been explored, do not appear to have any plants peculiar to them; but the adjoining county of Antrim contains some of the rarer productions of our island, of which Orobanche rubra, found on the trap rocks of Magilligan and on Cave hill near Belfast may be noticed, and Arenaria verna in the former station. On a mountain near Garvagh in the same county, Mr. Moore, the able botanist attached 608 INDEX. Ardfinan castle, 82 a-~ town, 82 Ardfry, s. 233 Ardgillan, s. 482 Ardglass town, 560 --~exports & imports, value of, 593 Ardgowell ruins, 503 Ardigan, s, 560 Ardinave, s. 534 Ardlocher, s. 398 Ardmore village, 97 e-~ round tower, 97 Ardmoyle,s. 149 Ardmulchan, s. 376 Ardnagashill, s. 166 aArdnaree town, 343 Ardnargle, s. 535 Ardo,s. 97 Ardpatrick village, 155 Ardrahan hamlet, 256 Ardress, s. 516 Ardristan, s. 24 Ardrum, s. 195 Ards, s. 466 Ardsallagh, s. 375 Ardskea, s. 281 Ardskull, Moat of, 102 Ardstraw-bridge, 446 Ardview, s. 560 Argory, s.516 Arklow town, 9 ~~~ exports & imports, value of, 593 Arley cottage, 396 Armagh, Ist road to, 507 w-~ 2nd road to,511 w--~ 3rd road to, 511 See Gitys 508 w~ Cathedral, 509 we Observatory, 509 e~~ to Belfast road, 575 «ow to Monaghan road, 575 eww to Sligo road, 575 Armoy village, 537 «— round tower, 537 Arney river, 399 Arquin castle ruins, 563 Arran Isles, 236 Arranmore island, 236, 461 aArrigadeen river, 162 arrigal mountain, 469 Arriglan river, 84 ww. Vale, 84 Arrow river, 326 wen lough, 324, 326 Artarmon castle ruins, 331 Arthurstown, s. 506 Artilley, s. 199 Artramont, s. 13, 18 Arva,s. 398 www Village, 403 Ashbourne town, 433 Sew eastie.: 433 Ashbrooke, s. 451 Ashfield, s. 135, 242, 258 we lodge, 480 Ashford hamlet, 6 ren S 20051008 Ashgrove,s. 170, 426 Ash-hill, s. 155 Ashley park s. 140 Ashpark, s. 146, 534 Ashroe,s 152 Askeaton town, 210 ww» Castle, 210 Asigh castle ruins, 375 Athavallie, s. 284 Athboy town, 394 wwe lodge, 394 Athcarne castle, s. 485 Athenry town, 238 Athgoe, s. 52 Athur peak, 203 Athleague village, 335 Athlone town, 225 we. to Longford road, 575 Athlumney, s. 375 w-—~ Castle ruins, 376 Athy town, 102 Attyflin, s. 182 Aubaun, s. 398 Auburn hamlet, 22 ww. house, 228 Audley s castle ruins, 561 Aughaviller church, 71 ~~ round tower, 71 Augher, road to, 453 w~ Village, 454 we Castle, 454 Aughnacloy town, 441 ~~ to Enniskillen road, 576 Aughrim village, 230 Avonbeg river, 8, 34 Avondale, s. 8 Avonmore river, &, 31 Awbeg river, 85, 177 BAGENBON-HEAD, 45 Bagnalstown 57 w-w-~ house, 57 Bahoss, s. 203 Bailyborough, road to, 406 wen GaStle, s. 407 w— town, 407 Balbriggan town, 481 ie w-~ exports & imports, value of, 593 Balcarra village.. 284 Baldoyle, road to, 571 w-— Village, 572 Balderig coast station, 368 Baldwinstown village, 42 Balgalley head, 541 Balheavy, s- 481 Balironan, s. 23 Ball village, 284 Ballaghy village, 348 Ballaghadireen town, 348 Ballanacourty harbour, 233 Ballard, s. 35, 224 Ballaa’s castle, 467 Ballenard castle, s.125 Ballenlass, 5. 289 Baliey, s 569 Balli, see also Bally Ballibay, road to, 452 we~ house, 453 we town, 452 w-~ to Castleblayney road, 575 Ballieff castle, s. 107 Ballin, s. 139 7 ! q f q INDEX. Norte.—Seats are distinguished by the letter s. ABBER, S. 280 Abbey, s, 529 Abbeydarig village, 352 Abbeyfeale village, 184 Abbeylara village, 402 Abbeyleix village, 104 Abbeymahon ruins, 163 Abbeyodorney hamlet, 214 Abbeytown, 359 Abbeyville, s. 270 Abington village, 152 Achill head, 358 Achill Island, road to, 370 w-~ account of, 370 Achill mountains, 366 «-~ Beg mountain, 360 Achonry abbey ruins, 350 Achris head, 341 Aclare house, 436 w-~ lodge, 436 Acre river, 547 Acres, table for converting Irish, into English, 596 Acton village, 493 ---~ house, 493 Acton, West, s. 17 Adamstown, s. 392 Adare village, 182 esern Se 182 Affadown,s. 164 Affane village, 117 Aghadoe Castle ruins, 188 www house, 188 Aghadowey river, 522 Aghalee hamlet, 527 Aghamore hamlet, 319 Agher, s. 221 Agherlane, s, 452 Aghnagaddy, s. 471 Aghrim church, 353 ove clVver,9 ww Village, 38 Agivey river, 522 Aglish village, 94 Agnew’s hill, 541 Ahadda, s. 98, 123 Ahadoe, s. 205 Ahascragh village, 279 Aherlow vale, 148 ~~ Castle, 148 Ahern hamlet, 124 Ahinish Island, 211 Ahoghill village, 531 Aird’s Snout, 545 Allanstown hill, 377 ww 8.377 Allen, bog of, 239, 246 wrens MTOLS 278 weer lough, 320 Allua lake, 170 Altadore, s. 6 Altamount. s. 24 Altavilla, s. 183 Amigan castle ruins, 183 Anafane glen, 33 Anaverna, s. 49) Anderrow lough, 298 Anketell’s-grove, s. 440 Anna, Ss. 207, 281 Annabella, s 178 Annacotty village, 143 Annaduff church, 319 Annagh, house, 426 ~~ island, 366 w~ lake, 426 een SAG ww~ Village, 156 Annaghmore, s. 325 Annagarry hill, 460 Annagassan, s. 487 Annalee river, 384, 428 wenn 82429 Annalong creek, 567 Annamoe village, 30 Annamore, s. 248 Annamult, s. 74 Annascall hamlet, 216 Annefield, s. 283 Annegrove, s. 100 Annemount, s. 100 Annesborough, s. 527 Annesbrooke, s. 485 Anneville, s. 313 Annsborough, s. 556 Annsfort,s. 429 Annstown hamlet, 70 Annsgift, s. 126 Annsgrove, s. 177 Antrim town, 529 we~ Castle, 529 Arbela, s. 207 Arch cavern, 369 Archerstown, s. 146, 401 Arch-hall, s. 427 Ardagh hamlet, 317, 352 vasa lls ols, wore Se B02 Ardara village, 420, 455 Ardbear harbour, 300 Ardbraccan-house, 377 Ardcandris, s. 13 Ardcarn, s. 230 Ardee, road to, 504 we. town, 506 _~~ house, 506 Ardenode, s. 21 Ardfert village, 214 Ardfinan abbey, 82 610 Ballygar village, 289 Ballygartney, s. 261 Ballygarth, s. 482 Ballygawley town, 441 Fallygiblin, s. 120 Ballygian, s. 67 Ballyglass hamlet, 284 Ballyhack, road to, 44 were Village, 46 Ballyhale village, 63 Ballyhargan, s. 534 Ballyhaise house, 384 wwe town, 384 Ballyhaunis town, 337 Ballyheigue bay, 207 ww Village, 214 Ballyhighland, s. 51 Ballyhire, s. 41 Ballyhoe lough, 437 Ballyhorgan, s. 214 Ballyhugh house, 398 Ballyjamesduff town, 380 were Seat, 396 Ballykale, s. 263 Ballykane, s. 18 Ballykeeran hamlet, 227 Ballykelly village, 535 Ballykilcavin, s. 103 Ballykillen, s. 246 Ballykistane, s. 149 Rallylacken, s. 246 Ballylain, s. 261 Ballyleague, 339 Ballyleck, s. 440 Ballyleidy, s. 550 Ballylickey peruoay, 165 aeons Ballyliffin village, 477 Ballylin, s. 273 Ballyline, s. 183, 258 Ballylinan castle ruins, 183 we Village, 128 Ballylongford town, 213 Ballylough, s. 55 wer Castle ruins, 550 Ballyloughnane village, 243 Ballymacarret, s. 501 Ballymackeogh, s. 152 Ballymacknay house, 437 eww Village, 437 Ballymacmoy, s. 179 Ballymacool, s. 465 Ballymacward village, 238, 280 Ballymagarvey, s. 434 Ballymagibbon, s. 293 Ballymagary castle ruins, 544 Ballymahon town, 339 Ballymakey, s. 139 Ballymaloe castle, s. 122 Ballymascanlan house, 490 Ballymena town, 531 Ballymenack, s. 502 Ballymoe village, 337 Ballymonnelly valley, 362 Ballymoney town, 532 Ballymore s. 11, 232 we town, 338 Ballymoreen, s. 107 INDEX. Ballymore-eustace village, 21 Ballymote castle, 325 Ballymote town, 325 Ballymullen rivulet, 207 Ballymurtagh mines, 9 Ballymyre house, 507 Ballyna, s. 222 Ballynacree, s.533 Ballynagall, s. 313 Ballynaguard, s. 451 ] Ballynahinch house, 299, 302 wew lough, 299 { wore Tiver, 302 | Ballyna park, s. 6 Ballynarrick ferry, 462 } Ballynastra, s. 10 | Ballyneddan hamlet, 567 j Ballyneguard, s. 153 | Ballyness bay, 467 ] Ballynona,s 98 : Ballymure, s. 432 | ww Village, 540 { Ballyornan, s. 5, 29 | Ballyphilip, s. 127 | Ballyporeen village, 83 | Ballyquin, s. 97 Ballyragget castle ruins, 130 wa~ Village, 130 Ballyranagan,s. 41 Ballyrane creek exports and imports, value of, 593 Ballyre, s. 98 Ballyroan hamlet, 104 Ballyronan village, 520 Ballysaggartmore, s. 119 Ballysax,s. 53 Ballyseedy,s 207 pebyebennet, road to, 411 eecatt Sk ee town, 414 ‘ we exports & imports, valueof,695 | Ballyspellan spa, 106 Ballysteen, s. 210 | Ballyteigue bay, 42 woven Castle, 42 j ae Ss Ballytoban, s. 75 Ballytore village, 54 Ballyvally.s. 254 Ballyvaughan, road to, 266 Ballyvolan, s. 124 Ballyvorlan, s. 5, 16 Ballyvourney hamlet. 196 Ballywalter hamlet, 553 Ballyward, s. 20 Ballywilliam cottage, 551 Ballywillwill, s. 556 Ballywire, s. 156 Ballyworkan, s. 514 Balrath, s. 379, 434 i wen Cross roads, 434 f Balrothery village, 481 Balsoon, s.375 Baltiboys, s. 20 Baltimore, road to, 171 vee harbour, 171 we~ Village, 171 ewe eXports & imports, value of, 593 Ballina, 1st road to, 340 w~-— 2nd road to, 344 w—~ 3rd road to, 349 ~~ town, 343, 359 w-~ exports and imports, value of, 593 Ballinacargy town, 352 Ballinacloon, s. 315 Ballinacor, s. 34 Ballinacourty, s. 91 Ballinacurra house, 99 ance 8 308 Ballinafad, s. 284 ~~ hamlet, 324 Ballinagar, s. 271 w—~ Village, 247 Ballinahinch, road to, 554 wen Tiver, 582 ww town, 554 Ballinahoun, s. 225 Ballinakill, s. 66 we Yoad to, 131 w-~ town, 13] Ballinalack village, 315 Ballinalee village, 317 Ballinamallard village, 422 Ballinamona castle, s. 176 Srera 5s) 155168 ~~~ hamlet, 179 Ballinamore hamlet, 289 «-~ house, 289 Ballinanagh town, 397 Ballinapark, s. 26, 94 Ballinasloe, road to, 275 «~~ to Nenagh road, 576 w-~ to Roscrea road, 576 ~~ town, 228 Ballinastow cross roads, 29 Ballinatray,s 95 Ballinavally stream, 39 Ballincollig town, 169 ; Ballinderry, s.222, 268, 282 ww Village, 527 Ballindine village, 283 Ballindiness, s. 98 Ballindolan, s. 245 Ballindown abbey, 325 Ballingarry village, 183 Ballinglough, s. 325 Ballinkeele, s. 12 Ballinlough village, 337 wee 8. 400 Ballinrobe town, 283, 290 Ballinruddery, s. 214 Ballinskelligs bay, 205, 206 Ballintaggart, s. 217 Ballintaylor, s. 93 Ballintemple, s. 24 Ballintobber castle ruins, 336 we~ Village, 336 Ballintoher, s. 140 Ballintoy village, 549 Ballintra village, 417 Ballintubber, s. 184, 224 wow hamlet, 284 Ballinure, s. 54 Ballinvirigh, s. 183 Ballisodare town, 326 INDEX. Ballivor village, 393, 405 Ballow, s. 551 Ball’s-bridge village, 574 Ballyadams, s. 128 Ballyally, s. 252 Ballyane, s. 49, 60 Ballyanan, s. 100 Ballyard house, 511 Ballyarr, s. 472 Ballyarthur,s. 9 Ballybane, s. 289 Ballybar, s. 57 Ballybeg, s. 39 «~~ abbey, 177 were glen; 177 «ow lhursery, 377 Ballybofey town, 457 Ballyboy village, 249 Ballybricken, s. 159 Ballybrittas hamlet, 134 ww 5S. 134 Ballybunian caves, road to, 217 wen described, 217 wen Village, 218 Ballyburly, s. 246 Ballycar, s, 250 Ballycarry hamlet, 540 Ballycasey, s. 250 Ballycassidy river, 422 Ballycastie collieries, 548 ww Yoad to, 354, 537 wv Village, 357 wen town, 538 609 we. exports & imports, value of, 593 Ballychristal,s 50 Ballyclough village, 180 ww 6 211 Ballyconnell town, 398 ew church, 467 woe EM) Ballyconra, s. 131, 214 Ballycotton bay, 97 Ballycroy district, 358, 366 wnwree Fiver, 582 Ballycullane ruins, 210 Ballycullen, s. 211 Ballycumber house, 272 rere.) tOWNs 27-2 Ballycurry, s. 6 Ballydavit, s. 107 Ballydevitt, s. 522 Ballydivity, s. 550 Ballydonnell, s. 184 Ballydonellan, s. 230 Ballydrane, s. 498 Ballydugan, s.230 Ballyduggan, s. 275 Ballyedmund, s. 100, 567 ~~ hamlet, 50 Ballyeigan, s, 243 Ballyellan,s 58 Ballyellis, s. 39, 179 Ballyfallon, s. 394 Ballyfin, s. 136 Ballyforan village, 289 Ballyfree, s. 8 Ballygannon, s. 16 wen WoOOdS, 33 2R ” hy Pin od Sa eee 612 INDEX. Belmullet town, 362 www exports & imports, value of, 593 Beltra glebe, 341 ~~ lough, 368 we river, 364 Beltrasna, s. 395 Beltrim, s. 445 Belturbet, road to, 425 - we. town, 426 Belvedere lake, 312 eareetSs Belvidere glen, 152 ween Se 152; 498 Belview, s. 275 Belvoir, s. 250, 501 Benbane head, 545 Benbo mountain, 409 Benbreda hill, 534 Benbulben mountain, 330 Benburb hamlet, 516 ww Castle ruins, 516 Bengore head, 545 Bengower mountain, 299 Ben-neagh, s. 528 Benneit’s-bridge village, 74 Bennison lodge, 402 Benvardin, s. 533, 550 Benwee hill, 370 Ben Yevenagh mountain, 535 Berehaven exports & imports value, 593 Berkley, s. 48, 51 Berreen corrough mountains, 368 Berrymount house, 398 Bert, s. 103 Besborough. s, 72 Bessbrook, s. 535 Bessmount, s 440 Bessybell hill, 444 Betaghstown, s. 482 Bettyfield, s. 58 Bewley abbey ruins, 94 Biblox, s. 177 Big Collon hill, 531 wore Tiver, 568 Binabola mountain, 298 - Binbane mountain, 462 Bingfield, s, 397 Bingham castle, s. 363 Bingham’s town village, 363 Birch-field, s. 264 Birch-grove, s. 230 Birch-hill, s. 138, 529 Bird-hill, s. 140 Birdstown, s. 475 Birmingham house ruins, 282 Birr, Ist road to, 239 ww 2nd road to, 244 won Castle, s. 243 eww town, 242 Birrview, s. 243 Birterbuy harbour, 303 Bishop’s-court, s. 52 Black abbey ruins, 553 Black-bull village, 373 Black castle, s. 376 ean eLUIOS 7 Black church inn, 52 Black-hall, s. 278, 485 Blackrock castle, 87 Blackrock village, 488, £74 Blacksod bay, 358, 367 Blackstairs mountain, 25, 50 Blackstones river, 202 Blackwater, banks of the, 85 Blackwater river, 119, 178, 196, 198, 200, 376, 440, 503, 582 ~ Blackwater village, 18 Blackwatertown village, 515 Blanchardstown hamlet, 373 Blaney bay, 412 Blarney castle, s. 195 ww town, 195 Blasket isles, 215, 217 Blennerville town, 208, 216 Blessingburne cottage, 454 Blessinton town, 20 ~~ to Roundwood road, 37 Blind harbour, 363 Blindwell, s. 283 Bloomfield, s. 6, 283, 312 Bloomsbury, s. 377 Bluestack mountain, 459 Boa island, 390, 423 Bob’s grove, s, 395 we Ville, s. 394 Bodarrig lough, 319 Bofin lough, 298 Boffinlough, 319 Bog of Allen, 145,7222, 246 Bogra mountains, 197 Bona Margy abbey ruins, 538 Bondville, s. 503 Bonnet river, 409 Boomhall,s. 451 Borneen hill, 267 Boro bridge, 271 Borodale, s. 12 Boro river, 43 Borris castle ruins, 145 wae town, 58 RaSeaI Oo. Ges) MELVER;, 09 Borris, in Ossory village, 138 Borrisoleigh village, 146 Borrisokane, road to, 268 ww. town, 268 Botany of Ireland, notice of, by J. T. Mackay, Esq. 603 Boughlone inn, 137 Boviel hamlet, 533 Bowen’s court, s. 177 Boylagh plain, 460 Boyle town, 323 _ Boyne hill, s. 375 een lodge, 393 wow Yiver, 222, 245, 375, 391, 485, 582 Bracca, s.224 Brackagh, s 514 Brackenstown, s. 481 Bracklin, s. 400 Braid rivulet, 531— Braganstown, s. 488 Brandon bay, 216 wer head, 209, 215 we mountain, 216 Brandonyale, s. €0 INDEX. 611 Raltinglass town, 22 Bealaveeney River, 366 Baltray village, 485 Bealdangan Pass, 298 Banada abbey ruins, 350 Bealnabrack Glen, 306 ween 8 300 Bear Forest, s. 179 Banagher glebe, 534 Bear island, 166 wos town, 2/3 Beaufort, s. 188-202 Panbridge town, 493 Beaulieu, s, 485 Panbrusna hamlet, 315 Beauparce, s 434 Bandon river, 159, 161, 582 wwe town, 161 Banduff house, 164 Bangor castle, s. 551 -— town, 550 Bann river, 493, 514-522 een lower, 532, 582 ewww upper, 514-525 Bannagh barony, 421 Bannehow, s. 258 Bannow, Ist road to, 41 ww. 2d road to, 43 «-~ house, 42 w- town ruins, 42 Banshaw castle villa, 148 Bantry, Ist road to, 161 2d road to. 167 3d road to, 168 town, 165 exports & imports, value of, 593 environs of, 165 bay, 166 wen seat, 165 Barbavilla. s. 401 Barberstown, s 278 Bardyville, s. 543 Bargy, Barony of, 41 Barleyfield, s. 163 Barmeath, s, 487 Barn, s. 80 Barna, s. 235 w-~ Village, 235 Barneynagee Mountains, 367 Parnhill, s. 55 Farnish Gap, 493 Barnshill, s. 518 Barnsmore Gap, 458 ww Glen, 418 Barntown Castle, s. 13 Baronscourt, s. 444 Baronston, s. 315 Baronstown, s. 352 Barrow little, River, 278 wee iver, 48, 102, 134, 581 wm Valley, 56 «-~ lodge,s. 103 Barry village, 352 Barryscourt, s. 100 Rartragh Island, 355 Battlefield, s. 324 Hawn Island, 553 ~~ lough, 401 www Seat, 488 Bawnboy,s 399 Bay, s. 433 Baybeg, s. 486 Baycastle, s. 210 Baylin Hamlet, 227 Baylodge, s. 547 Baymore, s. 486 Piddd Bective abbey ruins, 375 ww bridge village, 375 ~~~ house, 375 Beechhill, s. 451, 493, 511 Beechmount, s, 183 Beech Park, s. 23 Beechwood Park, s. 139 wove 8iidd0591040 Beg Innis Islet, 205 www lough, 536 Belan, s. 55: Belarena, s. 535 Belcoo bridge, 408 Beleek town, 387 Belenagare village, 347 eeere SOLE Belfast, road to, 486 we town, 498 wee customs, duties in 1836, 591 w.—~ exports and imports, value of, 593 ew to Armagh road, 575 we~ to Cookstown road, 575 «~~ to Downpatrick road, 575 ewew to Portaferry road,575 ~ w-~ registered vessels in 1835, 591 Belhavel lough, 410 Bella, s. 347 Bella-hill, s. 540 Bellair, s. 272 Bellake, s. 67 Bellamont forest, s. 429 Bellamore castle, s. 275 Bellatrain village, 452 Belleek castle, 342 Bellegrove, s. 134, 158 Belleguard, s. 52 Belleisle island, 386 Belleisle, s. 72, 390 Bellemount,s 276 Belleville park, s. 117 worn 8-227, 238, 397, 518 Belleview s. 394 Bellevue, s. 5, 12, 66, 451 Bellewstown hill, 434, 486 Bellgrove, s. 429 Bellinter, s. 375 Bellisle, s. 269 Bellpatrick hill, 506 ~~~ mountain, 436 Bellurgan park, s. 489 Beliville, s. 205, 387 Belmore mountain, 407 Belmont, s. 13, 61, 66 Belmount, s. 518 Belmullet, Ist road to, 357 w-~ 2d road to, 364 we 3d road to, 367 614 INDEX. Camlin river, 345 ~~ stream, 528 meres Sc 44. Cammagh bridge, 402 Cammin river, 443 Cammogue stream, 153, 155 Camolin park, s. 11 ~~~ Village, 11 Campsie, s. 535 Campire, s. 94 Camross-hill, 43 Camus, s. 154 Canal Passage Boats : Grand Canal, 578 Royal Canal, 577 Cangert park, s. 138 Cappa castle ruins, 183 Cappagh, s. 93 Cape Clear island, 172 Capancur, s. 247 Capercullen, s. 152 Cappard, s. 137, 241 Cappoquin house, 117 ewe town, 117 Capragh, s. 437 Cara Cottage, s. 398 Cardiffstown, s. 52 Careysville, s. 86 Careyswood, s. 98 Carigeen, s. 182 Cargins, s. 347 Carintrilla, s. 283 Carlanstown house, 402 Carlile Fort, 123, 157 Carlingford lough, 492, 565 ~~ mountain, 568 ww road to, 568 ~— town, 569 Carlow town, 56 ~~~ to Monastereven, road, 576 «~~ to Tullow road, 576 Carn hamlet, 533 ~~. town, 476 Carnagh, s. 49 Carnamart stream, 232 Carnaveagh, s. 452 Carnbane, s. 496 Carnelly, s. 251 Carne park, s. 227 Carnew, roads to, 38 ~~ town, 38 Carney hamlet, 330 Carnsore Point, 41 Carntogher mountain, 521, 533 Carra house, 431 we lake, 291 Carragh lakes, 203 ww river, 203 Carran Tual mountain, 193 Carraroe, s. 334 Carrick, s. 313, 386,514 Carrickabraghy castle ruins, 477 Carrickabrick ruins, 86 Carrick-a-rede rock, 549 Carrickburn lodge, s. 44 ees TOCK, 43) Carrickfergus castle, 539 eres =tOWN, 539 Carrick-glass, s. 317 Carrick lough, 412 Carrickmackreilly-hill, 8 Carrickmacross town, 437 ~~. to Dundalk, road, 576 Carrickmanan, s. 13 Carricknagore, s. 420 Carrick-on-Suir Abbey, 72 ewes eNvirons, 72 won, town, 72 ~~. Ist road to, 70 w-~.- 2d road to, 74 ~~ 3d road to, 75 Carrick-on-shannon town, 320 Carrick Slaney, s. 24 Carrig, s. 124, 179 Carrigafoyle island, 213 Carrigaholt village, 259 Carrigaline bay, 159 Carrigallen village, 398 Carriganassig castle ruins, 17] Carriganoura castle ruins, 176 Carrigan’s village, 447 Carrigart village, 468 Carrigeran, s. 250 Carrigerry, s. 250 Carriglea, s. 93 Carrignacorry castle ruins, 179 Carrig-o-gunnell castle ruins, 209 Carrigreen, s. 121 Carrigtoohill village, 100 Carrodore,s 551 Carromore, s. 344 Carronacurragh, s. 170 Carronagellough, s 170 Carrowkeel hamlet, 476 Carrowmanagh, s. 237 Carrowmore lough, 358, 361 Carton, s. 221 Cartown, s. 485 Cartrins, s. 230 Cash-carrigan village, 320 Cashel rock ruins, 109 ww. town, 109 Cashin bog district, 209, 213 awe Yiver, 213, 582 Cashlin river, 236 Cassane, s. 238 Castle-archdall, s. 422 Castle-armstrong, s. 273 Castle-baggot, s. 278 Castlebar town, 284 Castle-barret remains, 179 Castle-bellingham village, 488 ~~ 8S. 488 Castle-bernard, s. 162, 241 Castle-biggs, s. 268 Castle-blakeny village, 280 Castle-blayney town, 438 ewes Seas ~~ to Ballibay, road, 576 ~~. to Dundalk, road, 576 ~~ to Newry, road, 576 Castle-boro, s. 47, 51 Castle-boy, s. 232, 256 Castle-bridge village, 13, 18 Castle-burke, s. 270 Castle-caldwell, s. 413 Bray head, 3, 16 ~~. seat, 3, 16 ~~ lough, 36 Lon LOWNS o eoroe) TIVOT, 3) 4 Breaffy, s. 285 Bree hill, 43 ----- Village, 43 Brenanstown, s. 2 Brianstown,s. 318, 345 Brickey vale, 93 Brick river, 214 Bride river, 86, 120, 169 Bride’s well hamlet, 288 ERAS Ss. 42 Bridge-town abbey, 85 aon 8. 255 Brien’s fort, s. 254 Bright castle ruins, 561 Brin lough, 200 Britsfieldtown, s. 159 Brittas stage, 20 we. Castle,s. 146 oes) 1B. DET AZG. Broadford hamlet, 255 Broadhaven bay, 362 Broadlands, s. 355 Broadway village, 41 Brockley park, s. 103 Bromley, s. 5 Brook-borough village, 386 Brook-hall, s. 451 Brook-hill, s. 283 Brook-iodge, s. 281 Broomfield-lodge, 21 eoors 8, 24, 452 4357 Broom-mount, s. 526 Brosna river, 242, 272, 275 ~~~ upper, 224 Broughall castle, 249 Broughshane town, 532 Brownehall, s. 284 Brownhall, s. 417 Browne’s hill, s. 55 Bruce hill, s. 397 Bruce’s castle ruins, 539 Bruckless, s. 419 Bruff town, 154 Bruree village, 155 Bryan’s-ford hamlet, 556 Bulgaden hall ruins, 155 Buncraggy, s. 261 Buncrana, road to, 472 ww. castle, 475 ~~. town, 475 Bundarough river, 308 Bundoran, road to, 411 ew town 415 Bundrowes hamlet, 415 w-~ liver, 582 Bungosteen stream, 420 Bunlaghy stream 419 Bunmahon lodge 90 ---- Village 90 Bunnahone lough, 412 Bunnanimma hill 452 Bunowen, s. 300 Bunree river, 342 INDEX. Burmount, s. 12 Burnfoot bridge, 475 Burnham, s. 217 Burnt-court ruins, 114 Burrin, barony of, 266 ~~-- road to, 266 w. stream, 56 ~~ village, 266 Burris see also Borris Burros castle ruins, 107 Burt castle ruins, 474 ~~ house, 474 Burton ruins, s. 178 meces UA S55 Bush hamlet, 373 wwe. Tiver, 533, 537, 543, 582 Bushbank, s. 533 Bushes town, s. 139 Bushmills town, 543 Bushypark, s. 5, 19, 29 Butler’s bridge village, 384, 426 sores Sifts: 8S: 168 Butter water stream. 512 Buttevant castle, 177 Stet towne hs CABINTEELY house, 2 ~~. Village, 2 Cabra castle, s. 428 ~~~ glen, 428 Sobee | (SOLE Caha lakes, 175 ~~. mountains, 201 Caher-house, 154 Caherconlish, road to, 153 ~~ house, 153 ww. Village, 153 Cahermore, s. 164 Cahernane, s. 187 Cahircastle, s. 111 awe Fiver, 2i'4 eset LOW SE Saeee 15. OOS Cahirass, s. 182 Cahirbane s. 250 Cahirciveen, road to, 201 ~~ village 204 Cahircon, s. 211, 261 Cahirdriney ruins, 115 Cahirmone, s. 99 Cahirnacon, s. 284 Cahirnary. s 153 Cairn Castle ruins 541 Cairnlough village, 547 , Cairne-hill, 317 Cairns-hill, 329 Calabbar bridge, 469 Caledon hall s. 504 ~~ road to, 503 Lsae town;503 Callaghan’s-hills village, 255 Callan town, 78 -.. Water stream, 512 Callary church, 29 Caltragh village, 280 Calverstown, s. 54 Camaltha, s. 152 Cambden Fort, 123, 157 Camla, s. 440 613 616 Cherry-valley, s. 528 Chrome house, 498 Churchboro’, s. 333 Church-hill hamlet, 516 ~~~ seat, 516 ~~ Village, 412, 465 Church island, 396 Church-town, s. 202 ~~. Village, 45, 73, 156 Churches of Glendalough, 31 Chute-hall, s. 207 Civil divisions, xi Claddagh village, 234 Clady hamlet, 457, 537 ~-— stream, 536 Clady-bridge, road to, 468 ~~~ Village, 451 Claggan, s. 542 Clane village, 278 Clanehugh, s. 315 Clara house, 224 ~~ Seat, 472 ~~ town, 224 Clarabeg, woods, 33 Clara bridge, village, 233 awe Vale, 31, 33 Clare creek, exports and imports, va- lue of, 593 Clare abbey ruins, 251 ~— castle, 251 ~~~ town, 251 ~~. steamer from, toLimerick, 579 Clare Galway abbey, 237 ES river, 237 Claremont, s. 7,17 Clare-morris town, 283 Claremount, s. 283 ~~ carn hill, 490 Clare Tuam village, 292 Clareville, s. 289, 297 Clarisford house, 254 Clash village, 35 Clashmore house, 95 ~~ Village, 95 Clay lake, 511 Clermont park, s. 488 Cleveragh, s. 329 Clew bay, 365 Clifden castle, s. 300 ~~ road to, 294 ~~ town, 294, 300 Cliff lodge, 413 Cliffoney hamlet, 331 Clifford, s 179 Clifton lodge, s. 393 Clobemon hall, s. 26 Cloddagh stream, 73, 248 Clogh, see also Clough Clogh bridge, 462 wn Village, 532 Cloghan, s, 283, 458 www Castle, s. 273 ~~ Village, 273 Cloghaneely district, 469 Clogheen, s. 177 ~~ town, 82 Clogher head, 485 ere TOad-to, 453 INDEX. Clogher, s. 177, 284 aw. Village, 485 Cloghereen hamlet, 187 Cloghnakilty town, 163 Clogrenan hills, 56 Be AA Clohamon lodge, 26 wwe. Village, 26 Clonaslie village, 241 Clonard hamlet, 222 Clonan, s. 246 Clonattin, s. 10 Clonbane, s. 249 Clonbanin colliery, 198 Clonbrock, s. 280 Clonburrin, s. 59 Cloncoscoran, s. 91 Cloncurry church ruins, 221 Clondalkin village, 51 ~~ round tower, 52 Clone, s. 39 Ctonea castle, s. 91 Clonearl, s. 246 Clonebrany, s. 394 Clonee village, 373 Clonegal village, 25 Clonelly, s. 423 Clonervy, s. 381 Clones, road to, 427 ww. town, 431 Clonfert, s. 275 Clonfin, s. 403 Clongowes, Jesuits’ college, 278 Cloniquin, s. 347 Clonleigh, s. 447 Clonlost, s. 407 Clonmacnoise ruins, 226, 276 Clonmanon, s. 6, 17. Clonmany glebe house, 476 Clonmel environs, 80 www. town, 79 ~~ to Littleton, road, 575 ----- to Roscrea, road, 575 Clonmellon town, 394 Clonmines abbey, 44 Clonmoney castle, s. 276 Clonmoney s 250 ~~ Village, 276 Clonmore, s. 43, 348 Clonshanville abbey ruins, 347 Clontarf castle, 572 w-~ Village, 572 Clontebrit church, 439 Clonteem lodge, 319 Clontylieu house, s. 516 Clony, s. 25 Clonymahon, s. 325 Clonyn, s. 400 Cloonallis, s. 337 Clooneahir, s. 319 Clooncormac, s. 283 Cloondragh island, 345 Cloonecorick, s. 398 Cloonlara hamlet, 142 Clough castle ruins, 94 w—- Village, 558 Cloughjordan village, 139, 268 Cloughleagh castle ruins, 84 Castie-carberry hamlet, 245 tence Tuins, 245 Castle-carey ruins, 548 Castle-carra, s. 284 Castle-caulfield village, 517 Castle-comer town, 128 Castle-connell town, 141 Castle-coole, s. 387 Castle-cor, s. 180, 395 Castle-core, s. 339 Castle-cosby, s. 397 Castle-creagh, s. 156 Castle-crine, s. 250 Castile-cuff ruins, 241 Castle-daly, s. 225, 232, 256 Castle-dargan, s. 325 Castle-dawson town, 521 Sores e/ Ook Castle-dermot abbey, 55 wee town, 55 Castle-dillon, s. 510 Castle-dobbs, s. 540 Castle-donovan ruins, 168 Castle-ellen, s. 238 Castle-fergus, s. 251 Castle-field, s. 62 Castle-fin town, 457 Castle-fogarty, s. 146 Castle-forward village, 448 Castle-forbes, s. 318 Castle-freke, s. 163 Castle-ffrench, s. 280 Castle-gar, s. 280 Castle-grogan, s. 145 Castle-grove, s- 283, 471 Castle-hacket, s. 282, 292 Castle-hamilton s. 398 Castle-harrison, s. 156 Castle-haven harbour 164 Castle-hewetson, s. 210 Castle-hume, s. 389 Castle-hyde, s. 85 Castle-island town, 186, 207 Castle Island, 323, 550 Castle-iver, s. 273 Castle-jane, s, 156 Castle-jevers, s. 154 Castle-kelly, s. 289 Castle-Kevin, s. 30 Castle-knock village, 372 Castle-lacken, s. 357 Castle-lambert, s. 238 Castle-lloyd, s. 150 Castle-lough, s. 254 Castle-lyons town, 124 Castle-macgarret, s. 283 Castlemain village 207 eee harbour, 186 Castle-martin, s. 53, 362 Castle-martyr, road to, 121 were Seat, 98 ewes town, 98 Castle-mary, s. 122 Castle-more, s. 24, 59 Castle-morris, s. 71 Castle-moyle, s. 281 Castle-neynoe, s. 325 Castle-oliver hills, 155 INDEX. 615 Castle-oliver seat, 155 Castle-otway, s. 151 Castle-oyne, s. 145 Castle-park, s. 147 Castle-plunket village, 336 Castle-pollard town, 401 Castle-quin, s. 205 Castle-rea, Ist road to, 332 ~~. 2nd road to, 338 ware 8. 337, 306 w--. town, 337 Castle-richard, s. 98 Castle-rickard, s. 405 Castle-saunderson, s. 384 Castle-shane, s. 439 Castle-shepherd, s. 139, 268 Castle-shine, s. 187 Castle-strange, s. 335 Castle-talbot, s. 18 Castle taylor, s. 256 Castle-tenison, s. 322 Castle-town hamlet, 137 ~~ §. 10,71, 98,210,220, 255,341,447 wwe Village, 175, 224, 345 woos TOAd'to7172 ~~~ river, 488 Castletown-delvin village, 400 Castletown-roche village, 177 Castle-townsend. s. 164 ~~~ Village 164 Castle-troy ruins, 143 Castle-upton, s. 529 Castle-view, s. 121, 569 Castle-waller, s. 152 Castle-ward, s. 106, 562 Castle-warden, s. 52 Castle-water, s. 105 Castle-wellan, s. 556 ~~ town, 556 Castle-widenham, s. 177 Castle-wilder, s. 352 Castle-willington, s. 139 Castle-wray, s. 471 Catherine-lough, 444 Causes-town, s. 394, 435 Causeway -water, 567 ~~ Giant’s, 544 Cavan town, 381 Cavan-garden, s. 417 Cavanacor, s. 464 Cave hull, 502 Cecil, s. 441, 454 Cedars of Goa, 17 Celbridge town, 277 Chaffpool, s 350 Chapelizod, s. 75 wo Village, 219 Charlemont town, 515 Charles fort, 159 Charlesfort, s. 377 Charlestown, s. 320 Charleville, Ist road to, 153 wee 2d road to, 156 ~-—-. town, 155 aw. Forest, s. 248 eA BAD COAST Cherry-grove, s. 182 Cherry-mount, s. 9, 246, 379, 414 618 Courtmacsherry, s. 163 Courtown, s. 10 Cove, roads to, 157 _ ~~ town, 100, 157 Cowed castle ruins, 561 Craddockstown, s. 52 Craignamaddy mountain, 479 Craigs rocks, 532 Cranfield point, 567 Cratloe house, s. 249 ~--- wood, 249 Craughwell village, 232 Crawford’s-burn hamlet, 550 as SD) Creagh, s. 290 Creagh castle, s. 177 a Villa, 164 Creavagh, s. 339 Creeslough village, 466 Creevelea abbey, 411 Cregclare, s. 232, 256 Cregg, s. 86, 258 Cregg castle, s. 237 Creggan, s. 225 _ ~~ Village, 512 Cremorgan, s. 104 Cremorne-green, s. 452 Crieve, s. 452 ~~ lough, 452 Croagh Patrick, 287, 310 ~~ Village, 183 Crockglass mountain, 476 Crocknacrieve, s. 422 Croghan hill 10, 223, 246, 360 ~~ 5S. 324, 398 ~-- house, 474 ~~ loughs. 398 --~ Kinshella mountain, 39 Croghnagur-hill, 45 Crohanne mountain, 192 Cromore, s. 524 Cromwell’s castle ruins, 269 ew fort, 205 Sep tes Ea Cronbane mines, 9 Cronroe, s. 8 Crookstown, s. 169 Croome castle, s. 182 ~--~- Village, 182 Cross, s. 451 Crossakeale village, 379 Crossakiel village, 394 Crossdoney village, 397 Crossdrum, s. 395 Crossgar house, 560 ~~ Village, 560 Crossmaglen village, 512 Crossmolina town, 359 Crossroads hamlet, 467 Cross roads, list of, 575 Crot hill, 4/3 Crotto, s. 214 Crovehy hill, 460 Crover, s. 396 Crover castle ruins, 396 Crow hill, 527 Sen 5S. OIG, Crown rath, 493 INDEX. Cruaghmore hill, 549 Cruanakeeely islet, 303 Cruisetown, s. 427 Cruit island 461 Crum castle, s. 385, 390 Crumlin town, 528 Crusheen village, 258 Culcavy, s. 496 Culdaff bay, 479 ~~ 8S. 479 ~—— Village, 479 Cullane. s. 250 Cullen, s. 313 Cullin tower, 177 Culmore fort, 450 Culmullen, s 391 Cullum ruins, 210 Cullyhill, s. 106 Cumber house, 451 Cuming, s. 329 Cummeragh lodge, 90 ~~ mountains, 90 Curlew hills, 323, 348, 350 Curofin town, 265 Curra, s. 210 Curraghmore, s. 73 Curralanty, s. 138 Curramore, s. 290 Currane lough, 205 -— Tiver, 205, 583 Curry village, 348 Curryglass, s. 12] Cushcam, 91 Cushendall village 547 Cushendun house, 548 ~~ Village, 547 Cusher river, 513 Cuskina, s. 158 Cussane, s. 281 : Customs duties, receipts at the prin- cipal ports, 591 Cypress-grove, s. 19 DalsyYHILL, s. 452 Dalgin, s. 293 Dalkey island, 2 ~~ Village, 574 Daly’s-town, s. 231 Damers-court, s. ruins, 156 Dan lough, 30, 286 Danes-field, s. 296 Danes-fort, s 74, 187, 383 Dangan, s. 63, 250, 296, 393 ~~ town, 280 Dangry hill, 512 Danson’s court, s. 394 Daphne, s. 47 Dardis-town, s. 482 Dargle glen, 4 ~~. Tiver, 583 Darkley, s. 511 Darling-hill, s. 81 Dartan, s. 503 Dartfield, s. 230 Dartree hill, 416 Darrynane abbey, s. 205 Darver castle, 488 Daurus bay, 456 ww. Village, 456 ae oe a Cloughmore-hill, 566 Cloughoughter castle ruins, 383 Clounderlaw bay, 212 ere Sy 210! Clounshire, s. 183 Cloverhill, s. 384, 419, 521, 533 Cloyne, Ist road to, 122 2d road to, 123 town, 122 Cluan castle ruins. 75 Clydagh house, 293 esos wEiVver. 79) Clyphin, s. 543 Coagh village, 518 Coal island village, 518 Colamber lodge, 317 essen SaOls, Colebrook, s. 127,386 ~~~ Tiver 386 Colehill village, 352 Coleraine, Ist road to, 515 2d road to, 625 -~. Salmon leap, 522 ~~ town 523 od aed ed INDEX. ----- exports & imports,value 0f,593 | Colligan river, 582 Collins-town village, 401 Collon, s. 487 town, 505 Colooney village, 325 Coltsman’s castle, s. 187 Colt island, 569 Comaderry mountain, 32 Comber town, 553 Comer hills, 128 ~~~ mountains, 61 Comme dhuv defile, 201 valley, 189 Cong, roads to, 292 ~~ Village, 293 Conn lough, 343, 359 Connaught old, s. 3 Connell abbey ruins, 132 eed NaS Connemara, road to, 294 described, 302 -~-. mountains, 283, 284 Connor castle ruins, 344 pe D216 ~~ Village, 531 Connough castle ruins, 121 Conveymore, s. 85 Convoy village, 464 wwe b8eat, 464 Cookstown, 518 to Belfast, road, 575 Coolafinny, s. 535 Coolagur, s. 98 Coolany village, 325 Coolattin inn, 40 park, s. 39 Coolavin, s. 348 Coolawinny, s. 17 Coolbanagher castle ruins, 135 Coolbawn, s. 51 Coolboye village, 39 Coolcliffe, s. 44 Coolclough colliery, 198 — 617 Coolderry, s. 437 Coole, s. 256 Coole abbey, s. 124 Cooleen, s 155 Coolemore, s. 127 Coolmain, s. 162 Coolmore, s. 159 Coolnacarton hill, 299 Coomlagane, s. 196 Cooper-hill, s. 57, 210 Cooper’s-hill, s. 325 Coorloum river, 165, 173 Cootehali, s. 323 Cootehill, town, 429 Copeland isles, 551 Coppanegh, s 23 Copse, s. 8, 33 Coraan, Achill coast, 366 Corballis, s. 482, 506 Corbalton-hall, s 373 Corcomroe abbey, 267 Corduff-hill, 452 eee S CAGE Corgery, s. 280 Corglass lough, 396 Corgriff, s. 211 Cork, Ist road to, 77 ---- 2d road to, 89 ~~~ 3d road to, 101 ~~. fine approach to, 87 wwe abbey, Ss. 2. weeealCltys 8 — customs, duties, 591 ww. exports & imports, value of, 593 ~~~. to Limerick, road, 575 ~--. to Newmarket, road, 575 ~~ to Tralee, road, 575 ~~ registered vessels & tonnage, 591 --. to Waterford, roads, 576, 577 Corkagh, s.52 Corkbeg villa, 123 Corker river, 419 sass 8s 176 Cornacossa, s. 440 Cornadrung, 403 Cornahir, s. 223 Corofin, s. 282 Corribdale, s. 297 Corrib lodge, Ist road to, 298 ~~. 2d road to, 309 wore lough, 233, 235, 293; 297, enews Fiver, 237, 582 Corrick bridge, 360 4 ~~ SS. | Corrinshigo, s. 428 Corry lodge, s. 322 Corslieve mountain, 360 Costelloe river, 583 Cottlestown, s. 342 Corville, s. 138 Coumshenane lake, 90 Counties, cities, &c. returning mem- bers to parliament, 594 Counties,extent of, in square miles, 589 w--- extent of, in statute acres, 589 ~~~ cultivated acres in each, 589 ~--- unimproved do. 589 Court, s. 210 618 Courtmacsherry, s. 163 Courtown, s. 10 Cove, roads to, 157 f ~-- town, 100, 157 Cowed castle ruins, 561 Craddockstown, s. 52 Craignamaddy mountain, 479 Craigs rocks, 532 Cranfield point, 567 Cratloe house, s. 249 ~--- wood, 249 Craughwell village, 232 Crawford’s-burn hamlet, 550 wee 5S. 550 Creagh, s. 290 Creagh castle, s. 177 ~~ Villa, 164 Creavagh, s. 339 Creeslough village, 466 Creevelea abbey, 411 Cregclare, s. 232, 256 Cregg, s. 86, 258 Cregg castle, s. 237 Creggan, s. 225 ~~ Village, 512 Cremorgan, s. 104 Cremorne-green, s. 452 Crieve, s. 452 ~~ lough, 452 Croagh Patrick, 287, 310 ~~ Village, 183 Crockglass mountain, 476 Crocknacrieve, s. 422 Croghan hill 10, 223, 246, 360 awww §. 324, 398 ~~~ house, 474 ~~ loughs. 398 -~-~ Kinshella mountain, 39 Croghnagur-hill, 45 Crohanne mountain, 192 Cromore, s. 524 Cromwell’s castle ruins, 269 «~~ fort, 205 ears nee 68. 4] Cronbane mines, 9 Cronroe, s. 8 Crookstown, s. 169 Croome castle, s. 182 ~-- Village, 182 Cross, s. 451 Crossakeale village, 379 Crossakiel village, 394 Crossdoney village, 397 Crossdrum, s. 395 Crossgar house, 560 o-~ Village, 560 Crossmaglen village, 512 Crossmolina town, 359 Crossroads hamlet, 467 Cross roads, list of, 575 Crot hill, 463 Crotto, s. 214 Crovehy hill, 460 Crover, s. 396 Crover castle ruins, 396 Crow hill, 527 See HIER Crown rath, 493 INDEX. Cruaghmore hill, 549 Cruanakeeely islet, 303 Cruisetown, s. 427 Cruit island 461 Crum castle, s. 385, 390 Crumlin town, 528 Crusheen village, 258 Culcavy, s. 496 Culdaff bay, 479 Sa EE ZYG) ~~ Village, 479 Cullane. s. 250 Cullen, s. 313 Cullin tower, 177 Culmore fort, 450 Culmullen, s 391 Cullum ruins, 210 Cullyhill, s. 106 Cumber house, 451 Cuming, s. 329 Cummeragh lodge, 90 ~~ mountains, 90 Curlew hills, 323, 348, 350 Curofin town, 265 Curra, s. 210 Curraghmore, s. 73 Curralanty, s. 138 Curramore, s. 290 Currane lough, 205 ~~ river, 205, 583 Curry village, 348 Curryglass, s. 12] Cusheam, 91 Cushendall village 547 Cushendun house, 548 ~—~ Village, 547 Cusher river, 513 Cuskina, s. 158 Cussane, s. 281 . Customs duties, receipts at the prin- cipal ports, 591 Cypress-grove, s. 19 DalIsyYHILu, s. 452 Dalgin, s. 293 Dalkey island, 2 ~~ Village, 574 Daly’s-town, s. 231 Damers-court, s. ruins, 156 Dan lough, 30, 286 Danes-field, s. 296 | Danes-fort, s 74, 187, 383 | Dangan, s. 63, 250, 296, 393 ~~~ town, 280 Dangry hill, 512 Danson’s court, s. 394 Daphne, s. 47 Dardis-town, s. 482 Dargle glen, 4 ~— Tiver, 583 Darkley, s. 511 Darling-hill, s. 81 Dartan, s. 503 Dartfield, s. 230 Dartree hill, 416 Darrynane abbey, s. 205 Darver castle, 488 Daurus bay, 456 ewes Village, 456 Davidstown, s. 55, 249 Dawsongrove, s. 430 Deal castle. s. 359 wew YFiver, 309 Debsboro, s. 151 Dee river, 487, 506 Deel river, 183, 210 Deeps castle, 13 Delamont, s. 560 Delgany village, 5, 16 Delphi, s. 308 Delvin stream, 482 Dennet burn, 448 Dereveragh lough, 314, 316, 396 Derg lough, 253, 268, 424 eeore Yiver, 4 Derk, s. 150 Derrabard, s. 455 Derries, s. 135 Derrin, s. 106 Derry, see Londonderry Derry, s. 164 we cottage, 400 wow Yiver, 25, 40 Derrybawn mountain, 31 ees Ly Derrybrusk,s, 386 Derry cairn, s. 319 Derry castle, s. 254 Derryclare lough, 299 «ew. mountain, 299 Derrycunehy waterfall, 188 Derrygonnelly village, 412 Derryholmes, s. 276 Derrykeighan hamlet, 550 Derryliagh castle ruins, 152 Derrylossery church, 30 Derryluskan, s. 126 Derrynoyd lodge, s, 521 Derryquin, s. 200 Dervock town, 530 Desart,s 78,313 Desartmartin village, 521 Desertegney glebe house, 475 Devenish island, 381 Devil’s bit hills, 145 Devil’s glen, 6 «~~. punch bowl, 192 Devis mountain, 497, 502 Dinane river, 129 Dingle bay. 203 ww mountains, 202 we road to, 216 ww town, 216 Doagh island, 477 w-~ Village, 530 Dodder river, 27, 35, 583 Doecastle, s. 466 Dolinstown, s, 221 Donabate village, 481 Donadea castle, s. 221 Donaghadee, Ist road to, 550 wer 2d road to, 552 een town, 551 w-~ exports & imports, valueof, 593 Donaghey hamlet, 518 Donagh-henry, s. 518 Donaghmore village, 517 INDEX. Donaghmore tower ruins, 376 Donaghmoyne, s. 347 Donald’s hill, 534 Donard, 34 w-~ lodge,s 357 Donegal, Ist road to, 416 wen 2d road to, 421 ww bay, 332 an town, 417 619 wow exports & imports, value of, 593 Doneraile,s. 217 soe tOWNS LT Doninga,s 58 Don isle castle ruins, 70 Donnybrook, s. 177 Donore, s. 137, 278, 315, 406 Donough hamlet, 386 Doo castle, s. 348, 350 Doocharry-bridge, 460 Dooish mountain, 443, 465, 469 Doolin castle, s. 265 Doolistown, s. 393 Doona ruins, 366 Doonass rapids, 141 sana Doon castle, s. 273 Doon house, s. 255 Doondonnell fort, 361 Doong landslip, 129 Doraville, s. 422 Dorington, s. 227 Douglas burn, 446 Douglas hamlet, 158 Dovea, s. 146 Dower rivulet, 98 Dowestown, s. 375 Dowglas stream, 128 Downeen castle, s. 164 Down fort. 475 Down hill, s. 524 Downings, s. 278 Downpatrick, road to, 555 ww to Belfast road, 575 we town, 558 Downs, Glen of the, 5 Dowth house, s. 484 vers MOat, 484 Drakestown, s.506 Draperstown village, 521 Drewsborough, s. 272 Drewscourt, s. 156 Drewstown,s. 394 Drimcong, s. 297 Driney house, s.320 Drishane, s. 196 Drogheda, Ist road to, 480 2d road to, 485 customs, duties, 591 to Navan road, 575 saat www town, 483 Dromadda, s. 98 Dromagh, s. 196 we colliery, 198 Dromahair village, 410 Dromaleague village, 168 Dromana, s. 94 exports & imports, value of, 593 registd. vessels, and tonnage, 591 j th Bniez~ mers 620 INDEX. Dromaneen castle ruins, 179 Dromin, s 213 Drominagh colliery, 198 Dromod village, 319 Dromoland, s. 250 Dromore glebe, 341 house, 341 lough, 430 park, s. 430 s. 179, 200 town, 494 ww Village, 443, 455 Dromore-west village, 341 Dromagh, s. 181 Dromeen, s. 30 Droughlone lake, 428 Droughtville, s. 242 Drum house, 498 w-~ town, 430 Drumalla, s. 472 Drumantine, s. 493 Drumard, s. 319 Drumbanagher, s. 508 Drumbargh, s. 379 Drumboe, s. 458 Drumcar, s. 487 Drumcarbin, s. 397 Drumcliff hamlet, 330 Drumconra village, 436 Drumcree hamlet, 400 ~~ seat, 400 Drumduff, s. 335 Drumfaldu, s. 452 Drumglass collieries, 517 Drumgoff barrack, 34 we Cross roads inn, 34 Drumhiel, s. 397 Drumilly, 510 Druminargal house, 493 Drumisken house, 488 Drumkeen, s. 384 Drumkeerin hamlet, 322 ww Village, 410 Drummond, s. 535 Drumnasole, s. 547 Drumnough point, 570 Drumquin town, 443 Drumroragh, s. 396 Drumrourk hill, 189 Drumshambo village, 322 Drumsillagh, s, 398 Drumsna village, 319 Drynam, s. 481 Dublin city, xii ~~ customs, duties, 581 ~~~ suburbs of, xi wm hills, 219 ~~ exports & imports, value of, 593 | w-~ Yegistered vessels and their tonnage, 591 Ducket’s grove, s. 55 Duckspool, s. 91 Dugort hamlet, 371 Dukeswell stage, 63 Duleek, s. 485 w—~ town, 485 Dun stream, 547 seen Dunaff head, 476 Dunally castle ruins, 151 Dunally, s. 329 Dunamanagh village, 447 Dunamase, rock of, ruins on, 135 Dunamon castle, s. 336 Dunany point, 487 wwe Se 487 Dunbeg village, 263 Dunbodin park, s. 313 Dunboyne castle,s 373 w-~ Viilage, 404 Dunbrody abbey, 46 wow park, s. 46 Duncannon fort, 46 Duncormuck village, 42 Duncraggy, s. 251 Dundalk house, 489 ww town, 488 w-~ exports & imports, value of, 593 «-~ to Carrickmacross road, 578 w-~ to Castleblayney road, 575 we. Customs, duties, 591 ~~ registd. vessels & tonnage, 591 Dundererk castle ruins, 170 Dundonald village, 552 Dundrun, s. 149 w= Village, 27, 557 Dunemare cascade, 165 Dunfanaghy, 1st road to, 462 ww. 2nd road to, 467 ww. town, 466 Dunfort, s. 221 Dungannon college, 517 ww town, 516 Dunganstown nursery, 17 Cee Ss Dungarvan hamlet, 62 ww town, 92 we exports & imports, value of, 593 «~~ to Youghall road, 93 Dungiven town, 533 Dungloe, road to, 459 we~ Village, 460 Dunkaneely village, 419 Dunkerrin mountains, 200, 201 w~ Village, 139 Dunkerry cave, 545 Dunkittle, s. 87 Dunlavin village, 54 Dunleary village, 574 Dunleckney, s. 57 Dunleer town, 487 Dunlewy house, 469 «-—~ lough, 469 Dunloe castle, 188 w—~ gap of, 188 Dunloy hills, 532 w~ Village, 532 Dunluce castle ruins, 543 Dunmanway town, 167 Dunmaul rock, 547 Dunmore caves, 130 wer §S. 105, 129 ww~ head, 215 Dunmore-east, road to, 66 ~~ Village, 66 Dunmore- west village, 282 Dunmurry, s. 133 Dunninny castle ruins, 538 Dunran, s. 6 Dunree fort, 475 Dunsandle, s. 232 Dunsany, s. 373 Dunseverick castle ruins, 545 Dunshaughlin village, 373 Dunsinane, s. 47 Dunsoghly castle, s. 433 Durham, s. 335 Durrow abbey, s. 224, 248 wees (CASLLE, 10D; «—~ town,105 Dury hall, s. 352 Dysart, s. 400 Fa lough, 459 Eagish lough, 452 Eagle hill,s 102 Eagle island, 363 Eagle mountain, 555, 557 Earl’s-field, s. 325 Farl’s-gift, s. 447 Eastham, s. 482 Eastwell, s. 230 Ecclesiastical divisions, xi Eccles-ville, s. 455 Kchlin-ville, s. 563 Eden hamlet, 540 Manne 8: 493 Edenderry, s. 498 we town, 245 Edenmore, s. 457 Edenvale, s. 252 Edermine, s. 12 Edgeworthstown village, 316 we to Granard road, 576 Edmondbury, s. 106 Edmondsbury, s. 219 Edmondtown, s. 348 Eglantine, s. 496 Eglish, s. 249 Egmont seat ruins, 178 Fighter, s. 380 Ellen-vale,s. 493 Ellistown, s. 279 Ellistron, s. 290 Elm-grove, s. 24, 242, 405 Elm-hill, s. 183 Elm-park, s. 210, 277, 504 Elm-vale, s. 266 Elphin, roads to, 353 we town, 353 Elton, s. 154, 156 Ely lodge, 389 Emly village, 156 Emo inn, 135 ferent) PATKs 8: 100) eres 8) 240 w-~ Village, 135 Emyvale village, 440 Enfield town, 221 Ennel lough, 224, 312 Ennis, 1st road to, 249 wee 2nd road to, 253 vee Sid road to, 256; w-~ town, 251 Ennischir island, 236 Enniscoe, s. 359 Enniscorthy town, 11 Enniskerry village, 28 Enniskillen, 1st road to, 371 INDEX. 621 Enniskillen, 2nd road to, 391 wore town, 387 we to Aughnacloy road, 576 Ennismore, s. 214 Ennistymond, Ist road to, 262 ww. 2nd road to, 265 wv~ house, 262 we~ town, 262 Erina hamlet , 142 Erne-hill, 426 Erne head, s. 403 Erne lough, 408, 423 ww loughs, 387, 389 wow river, 385, 582 Erris district, 357, 358 Esk river, 583 Eskar friary, 232 Esky lough, 341 enw Trivulet, 341 Ess waterfall, 34 Exports, official value of, from Ire. land to Foreign parts, 592 we Value of the produce and manufactures of the United King- dom exported from Ireland to Foreign parts, 592 Exports and imports of the several ports, value of, 593 Eyrecourt town, 274 Fana, s. 91, 182 Fahan village, 476 Fair-field, s. 233, 279, 430 Fairhead promontory, 548 Fair-hill, s, 488 Fairview, s. 477 Fairwood park, s. 388, 399 Fairy-mount, s. 155 were hill, 335, 348 Faithley villa, 66 Falcarragh hamlet, 467 w-~ road to, 468 Fane river, 438, 488 valley, 488 Fannet zoe road to, 473 Fanny lough, 444 Farm, the, s. 162, 451 Farm-hill, s. 356, 359, 431, 452, 521 Farmly, s. 78, 105 Farnanerin lands, 34 Farney castle, s. 146 Farnham, s. 382 Farranakilly, s. 217 Faughart, s. 490 Fathom park, s. 492 Faughan river, 451 www Vale, 451 Favor Royal, s. 441 Feagile river, 278 Feale river, 185, 213 Feede-hill, 490 Fellows-hall, s. 503 Fenagh village, 59 Fentower,s 106 Feogh river, 297 wes lough, 304 Ferbane village, 273 Fergus river, 251, 261 Fermoy town, 84 ; 622 INDEX. Fern lough, 473 Ferns castle, 11 «-~- diocesan house, 11 w-- town, 1] Fernsborough, s. 402 Ferriter isles, 215, 217 Ferry carrig, 13 ww tower ruins, 13 Fertagh round tower, 106 Fethard, Tipperary, Ist road to, 125 w~-~ 2nd road to, 1 «-~ town, 125 Fethard, Wexford, road to, 44 ww Village, 45 Fews mountains, 512 Finea village, 396 Finglass village, 432 Finlagan, s. 535 Finn river, 384, 431, 457, 458 Finntown hamlet, 458 Finnabrogue house, 559 Fintona, road to, 453 «ws town, 454 Fintragh bay, 420 Fir-grove, s. 63, 250 Fir-house villa, 19 Firmount, s. 278, 317 Firmount-hill, s. 268 Fir park, s. 394 Fisherwick lodge, s, 630 Fishmoine,s. 146 Five-fingers rock, 477 Five-mile-town village, 386, 454 Flesk priory, s. 187 wee iver, 187, 207, 583 wee. Valley, 196 Flood hall, s. 62, 74 Florence court, s- 388 Florida, s. 560 Flower-hill, s. 270 Flurry-bridge hamlet, 490 «enw iver, 490 Flynn’s inn or half-way house, 298 Foaty ends 00 0 cee Seal Foolke’s-court, s. 107 Forbes lough, 345 Ford cabins, 18 Fore, s. 225 Forenaughts, s. 52 Forkbi!l house, 512 we lodge, 512 we~ Village, 512 Forset river, 583 Fort- Anne, s, 255 Fort-Barrington, s. 103 Fort-Etna, s, 182 Fort-Fergus, s. 261 Fort-field, s. 19 Fort-Frederick, s. 380 Fort- George, s. 380 Fort-granite, s. 23 Forth, barony of, 40 eves Mountains, 42 Forth castle, s. 246 Fort-Henry, s. 254 Fort-land, s. 341, 396 Fort-Robert, s. 167 Fort-Royal, s. 472 Fort-Singleton, s. 440 Fort-Stewart, s. 472 Fort-William, s. 119, 230, 335, 414, 502, 521 Foulk’s-mill village, 44 Fountstown rectory, 102 Foxbrook, s. 393 Foxford town, 349 Fox-hall, s. 152, 248, 316, 465 Fowre village, 401 Foyle-hill, s, 451 ~~ lough, 476 wow iver, 447, 448, 450, 463, 582 wen View, S. 535 Frankford town, 249 Frankfort, s. 139, 403; 493 Frayne, s- 394 Freame mount, s. 430 Frevans, s. 392 Frenchford, s. 232 irene village, 347 were 8. 3 Freshford, road to, 130 ~~ Village, 130 Friar isle, 301 Friars town, s. 153, 411 Fruit-hill, s. 535 Fry-brook, s. 324 Funcheon river, 83, 115, 176 ewe lough, 333 Furbough, s. 235 Furnauce lough, 365 Furness, s. 52 Fyough lough, 365 GAILE, s. 149 Galanay, s. 457 Galany, s. 447 Galbally village, 148, 156 Gale river, 213 Galgorm castle, s. 531 Gallen, s. 273 Gallows hill, 427 Galtee lodge, s. 114 Galtees, view of the, 82 Galtrim, s. 39] . Galway, Ist road to, 218 wee 2d road to, 237 w-~ customs, duties in 1836, 591 w-~ eXports and imports, value of, 593 w—~ registered vessels and their tonnage, 591 ew. town, 233 wm. to Tuam road, 576 Gara lough, 347, 348 Garadice, s. 398 Garbally, s. 229 Gardenfield, s. 184, 282 Garden hill, s. 407 Gardenmore, s. 541 Gardenmorris, s. 90 Garogue river, 583 Garomna island, 298 Garracloon, s. 293 Garretstown, s. 162 Garrisker, s, 222 Garrisson village, 413 Garris-town hill, 434 Garromin lake, 298 Garron point, 542, 547 Garry-vastle ruins, 273 Garry-duff, s. 97, 121 Garry-hinch, s. 241 Garry-hunden, s. 57 Garry-ricken, s. 78 Gartan lough, 465 Gartinardrass, s. 397 Gartinoul peninsula, 398 Garuragh, s. 255 Garvagh, s. 521 we town, 521 Garvey house ruins, 44] Garwogue river, 327 Gaul’stown, s, 223 Gavourna island, 236 Gay-brook, s. 318 Geashill village, 247 Geesala isthmus, 367 George’s-town, s. 90 Geraldine, s. 103 Ghoul mountain, 175 Giant’s causeway, Ist road to, 543 ww 2d road to, 546 ww 3d road to, 549 ww described, 544 Gibbon’s-grove, s. 156 Gibs-town, 8. 377 Gilford castle, s. 514 ~~ village, 514 Gill-hall, s. 495 Gill lough, 328 Gill town, s. 54 Ginnett’s house, s. 393 Girahe lough, 205 Glackmore mountain, 476 Glandalough, s. 298 Glandore harbour, 164 Glanduff, s. 184 Glaneola stream, 32 Glanisorlean stream, 4 Glanmire hamlet, 86, 101 wer Yiver, 101 ~~ valley, 86, Glantan inn, 280 Glanwilliam, s. 183. p ianwere castle ruins, 84 ww Village, 84 pee Soar 440 lage, 503 Glasson village, 227 Glen, (the) s. 492 Glen house, 476 vw lough, 466 wow Village, 468 Glena eal, 192 Glenade house, 409 woe flanate 409 Glenalong hill, 412 Glenalla, s. 472 Glenanor, s. 177 Glenariff Vale, 547 Glenarm, Ist road to, 539 we~ 2d road to, 542 Twn TOWN, 542 ‘Glenart, s. 9° Glenaune house, 507 Glenavy town, 527 INDEX. 623 Glenbays harbour, 420 Glenbeg, s. 119 Glenbegh inn, 203 Glenbower ravine, 78 Glenburn, s, 537 Glenburnie park, s. 430 Glencairn abbey, s. 119 Glencar, 332 ees mountains, 202 Glencastle hamlet, 361, 367 we~ Tavine, 361 Glenco valley, 361 Glenconner villa, 80 Glencree barracks, 36 Glencyle river, 547 wen Vale, 547 Glendahurk ravine, 365 Glendalough seven churches, Ist road to, 27 w-~ 2droad to, 35 ww described, 32 Glendarragh, s. 528 Glendergan stream, 425 Glendooen glebe, 465 Glendowan hill, 465 Glenealy hamlet, 8 Glenfarn hall, 409 Glengad head, 477 Glengariff, road to, 172 wore Castle, Sis 175 woora AM LTS: ww. mountains, 201 Glengaule lodge, s. 127 Glenhagan, 299 Glen island, 368 Glenlo, s. 296 Glenmacanass valley, 37 Glenmalure, 33, 34 Glenmore, s. 458 we~ Castle, 8.6 Glennamadda ravine, 365 Gleno vale, 540 Glen of the Downs, 5 Glenormara, 255 Glenpatrick ravine, 81 Glenthomaus ravine, 365 Glenties inn, 455 woe village, 459 Glenullen vale, 522 Glenvale, s. 511 Glenville, s. 183, 547 Glin castle, s. 212 wow Village, 212 Glinsk, s. 336 Glore iough, 401 Gloster, s. 138, 243 Glyde farm, s. 506 won Tiver, 487 Glynn hamlet, 540 Glyntown villa, 86 Glynwood, s. 225 Gobbins’ cliffs, 540 Gobrana, s. 528 Goldenfort, s, 22 Golden groye, s. 138 Golden village, 147 Goldsmith’s birthplace, 227 Goresbridge village, 58 624 Goorey lodge, s. 477 Gorey town, 10, 18 Gormanstown, s. 482 Gort town, 256 Gortin town, 445 Gortlea, s, 471 Gortner abbey, s. 359 Gosford castle, s. 508 Gougane Barra, road to, 168 lake, 170 Gouna lough, 403 Gowran, s. 62 w~ Village, 62 Graan, s. 389 Gracefield, s. 128 Gracehall, s. 526 Gracehill, s, 533 we Village, 531 Granagh,s. 145 Granard, road to, 400 vores | COW, 402 we to Edgeworthstown road, 576 wew~ Moat of, 404 Granaugh stream, 288 Grange, s. 17, 51, 131, 154, 269, 406, 448, 569 Grange house, s. 516 woo Village, 331 ee Church ruins, 572 Grange-con, s. 54 Granny castle. 64 Granstown villa, 66 Great island, 158 Greelagh, isles of, 479 Greenan hill, 450, 474 Greenane, s. 149 Greencastle ruins, 479, 567 Greenfort,s 474 Greenhall, s. 151 Greenhill, s. 386 Greenhills, s. 139, 246, 464 Greenmount, s. 182, 375, 487, 502, 528 wen Village, 487 Greenore point, 569 Greenpark, s. 155, 313 Greenville, s. 398, 533 Greenwood s. 359 we park, s. 492 Grena, s. 188 Grenan Villa, 63 Grenane hamlet, 35 Sey OD Grenanstown, s. 139, 151, 394, 400 Grey-abbey village, 553 Greyfort, s. 268 Grey lodge. s. 366 Greyman’s path, 548 Grey rocks, 550 Greystones rock, 16 Grianan of Aileach, 450 Grier’s farm, s. 493 Griese rivulet, 54 Griftinstown, s. 222 Grocers’ hall, s. 535 Groomsport hamlet, 55] Grouse lodge, s. 224, 322 Grove cottage, 135 Grove, s. 126, 183, 217 es INDEX. Guishden river, 349 Gully stream, 105 Gunsborough, s. 213 Gur lough, 154 Gurteen, s. 79. 125 Gurtenroe house, 135 Gweebara coast, 459 w—~ Tiver, 460, 462 Gweedore river, 460 HacketstTown, s. 569 ww Village, 23 Hag’s-head, 84 Hall, the, s. 225, 411, 419 Hall-crag, s. 389 Halver’s town, s. 54 Hamilton’s-bawn village, 510 Hamlins town, s. 394 Hampstead, s 280 Hampton, s 482 Harbours-town, s- 482 Harbour-view villa, 67 Harcourt lodge, s. 393 Harding grove, s. 155 Hardymount, s. 59 Hare island, 227, 236 Harley park, s. 78, 125 Harpers town, s. 44 Harris town, s. 53, 337 Harrisson’s castle, 411 Harry Ivery’s castle, 444 Harrymount, s. 512 Harvey-hill, s. 536 Haulbowling light-house, 157, 567 Hawthorn lodge, s. 235, 490 Hayes house, s, 435 Haywood villa, 80 Hazlewood, s. 250, 328 Head-borough, s. 94, 120 Headford, s. 292 ww town, 292 Headfort, s. 377 Hearn’s-brook, s- 275 Heath-field, s. 336 Heath-hall, s. 491 Heath-house,s, 135 Heath- lodge, s. 428 Hermitage, s. 41, 91, 142, 219 Heywood, s. 131 Highlands (Irish) 283 High park, s. 23 Hillbrook village, 39 | Hill grove, s. 204 | Hillsborough castle, 496 s. 495, 585 ww town, 495 1 Hill-town house, 431 ] $. 395 | aaa Bho village, 555 | Hine river, 334 | | Hockley lodge, s 510 Hoddersfield, s. 159 Hog island, 259 Hog islands, 206 Holestone, s. 530 Holles-wood, s 384 Hollybrook, s. 5, 164, 210, 284, 324, 386 Hollyhill, s. 447 ; Hollymount, s. 57, 283, 409, 472, 559 x INDEX. Hollymount village, 283 Hollypark, s. 35, 232, 560 Hollywells, s. 329 wv Village, 407 Holly-wood town, 550 eral Sencs) SOO! aw Village, 21, 502 Holly-wood Rath, s. 433 Holy-cross abbey ruins, 149 Holy island, 271 5 Holy-well, s. 529 Hook-head, 45 ~~ light-house, 45 Hore’s town, s. 44 Hornhead, 466 w~~ house,s 466 Horse, glen of the, 192 Horse-leap, 224 Horse-shoe villa, 20 Hortland, s. 221 Hospital village, 154 Hounds-wood, s. 293 Howard castle, s. 9 Howth castle, s. 573 we road to, 571 hill of, 2, 572 ane OWN, DT 2 Hughestown, s. 322 Hume-wood, s. 23 Hungry cataract, 175 ~~ mountain, 175 Hunstanton, s. 276 Huntingdon, s. 25 Huntly glen, 494 Hurleston, s. 255 Hyde park, s. 10 ILEN river, 164 4 Imports, official value of, from Foreign parts in 1835-6.7, 592 Imports and exports, value of, in 1835, 593 Ina lough, 304 www Vale, 299 Inane, s, 139 Inch abbey, 559 Inch-house,s 146, 475 Inch island, 475 w-~ Yoad to, 474 Inchageelah village, 170 Inch-clorin islet, 339 Inchenagh islet, 339 Inchgarra islet, 339 Inchinapa, s- 6 Inchiquin lake, 265 Inchmore island, 403 Tnishfree island, 461 Inishkell island, 456 Inishowen-head, road to, 478 Inishtrahull island, 477 Inisrush, s. 537 Inland navigation, 577 Innisbegal island, 366 Innisbofin island, 305 Innisfallen island, 191 Innisglora island, 363 Innishannon town, 161 Innishmacsaint island, 412 Inniskeane village, 167 we 625 Innismurray Island, 332 Innistiogue village, 49, 62 Innisturk island, 305 Inny river, 205, 315, 339, 396, 402 Inver bay, 419 www river, 419 ~~ Village, 419 Invermore, s. 298 Ireland, general view of, x Treland’s eye island, 572 | Tron lough, 315 Irvinstown, 422 Island, s. 18 Island-bawn, 553 | Island-derry, s. 495 | Island Magee, 540 Iverah mountains, 202 Ivy lodge, s. 493 JACKSON-HALL, S. 524 James-brook, s. 122 James-town, s, 134, 224, 422 w-~ lodge, 320 ~~ Village, 320 Jane.ville, s 59, 120, 561 Jenkinstown, s. 129 Jennymount, s. 502 Jerpoint abbey, 63 62 Jigginstown ruins, 132 Jockey hall, s. 182 John’s-brook, s. 394 John’s-town castle, s, 42 we park, s. 140 vow 8. 52, 100, 221, 228, 431 wow Village, 52, 106, 245 ~~ to Kilkenny road, 576 Jonesborough village, 490 Jordan’s castle ruins, 561 Joyce country, 291, 295 Julianstown, s. 436 ww village, 482 KAIMANEIGH pass, 171 Kanturk castle, 180 wen road to, 176 town, 180 Keadue village, 322 Keady town, 511 Keel village, 371 Keem village, 371 Keenagh river, 345 we Village, 352 Keeper mountains, 152 Kells town, 378 vow Village, 74, 77, 531 Kellybrook, s. 333 Innismagrath glebe, 322 : ! were S Kellyderry,s. 255 Kelly’s-grove, s. 230 Kelly-ville, s. 104 Kenbane castle ruins, 538 ewe head, 549 Kenith tower, 167 Kenmare castle, s. 154 we lodge, s. 200 wen Tiver, 199 wn Toads to, 198 Kennail lake, 316 Kenramer-hill, 538 2s 626 Keromore, s. 357 Kevin’s fort, s. 329 Key lough, 323 Kilballyeer. s. 154 Kilbarrick church ruins, 572 Kilbarron castle, 416 Kilbarry, s. 86 Kilbeggan town, 224 we to Tullamore road, 576 Kilberry village, 427 Kilboy, s. 151 Kilboyne house, s. 284 Kilbrack, s. 177 Kilbree, s. 99, 122 Kilbrew, s. 433 Kilbride,s. 20, 24, 393 Kilbritain, s. 163 Kilbroney church ruins, 566 Kilcairn lodge, s. 375 Kilcaldrum, s. 59 Kilcarty, s. 391 Kilchreest village, 256 Kilclare, s, 224 Kilclief castle ruins, 562 Kilcloyne, s. 100 Kilcock town, 221 Kilcolgan village, 233 Kilcoleman, s. 140 wen ruins, 177 Kilcolman abbey, s 207 Kilecommadan heights, 230 Kilconly point, 217, 218 Kilconnell castle ruins, 126 we Village, 237 Kilcool hamlet, 16 Kilcooley abbey, s. 107, 127 Kilcor, s. 124 w-~ Village, 420 Kilcornan hamlet, 235 wen Sat, 233 Kilcoursey, s. 224 Kilcrea abbey ruins, 169 Kilcrew, s. 534 Kilcullen town, 53 Kilcullen, (Old) 53 eave) Tuins, JOL wen tower, 53 Kilcummer, s. 177 Kilcummin bay, 356 Kildalkey village, 405 Kildangan, s. 134 Kildare, chair of, 278 om curragh of, 133 we town, 133 Kildavin hamlet, 25 Kilderry, s. 476 Kildorrery village, 176 Kilduff, s. 246 Kildysart village, 261 Kilfane, s. 62 Kilfeacle, s. 147 Kilfenora village, 263 Kilfinnan village, 155 Kilfrush, s. 154 Kilgalligan head, 369 Kilgobbin castle, 28 we Village, 28 Kilgolagh village, 396 Kilkea castle, 55 INDEX. Kilkee, road to; 258 ww town, 259 Kilkeel, road to, 574 w~—~ town, 567 Kilkenny, Ist road to, 75 2d road to, 127 castle, s. 129 cathedral, 76 city, 75 round tower, 76 to Johnstown road, 576 to Waterford road, 577 Kilkerran bay, 298 Kilkerrin, s. 163 Kill village, 52 Killadoon, s. 278 Killaghy castle, s. 125 Killakee, s. 36 Killala bay, 356 ~~ exports & imports, value of, 593 ~~ road to, 354 we town, 356 Killaloe town, 253 Killane hamlet, 50 Killanure, s 149 Killarney, 1st road to, 181 w-~ 2d road to, 195 enn | Od Toad to, 197 ow 4th road to, 198 lakes of, 189 tour of, in one day, 193 BES «~~ in two days, 194 ce «win three days, 194 os w-~ in four days, 194 town, 186 Killashee village, 340, 352 Killaskeane, s. 146 Killavallane hamlet, 179 Killeagh village, 248 . Killeen, s. 373 Killegally glebe, 276 Killegar, s. 398 Killeigh lodge, s. 98 ww Village, 98 Killencarrick, s. 16 Killery bay, 307 Killeshandra town, 397 Killevy lodge, 490 Killgowry, s. 255 Kill-house, 396 Killiane villa, 41 Killifaddy,s. 441, 454 Killikeen woods, 383 Killinchy village, 560 Killiney hills, 2 we~ Village, 574 Killishee, s. 53 Killiyock glebe, 458 Killorglin village, 202 Killough.hill, 107 we 8.107 w~= town, 561 Killoughran house, 47 Killoughter, s. 6, 17 Killowan, s.49 Killowen point, 567 Killua castle, s. 394 Killucan village, 406 Killybeg, s. 278 eeneee , — wee INDEX. Killybegs, Ist road to, 416 w~-~ 2d road to, 42] ww. bay, 420 ~~~ town, 420 Killydonell abbey ruins, 472 Killygarvan glebe, 472 Killygordon village, 457 Killylea village, 504 Killyleagh town, 560 Killymar river, 270 Killymer stream, 275 Killymoon, s.519 Killymore lough, 227 Killymur, s. 231 Killynaule town, 127 Killyneale house, 503 Killynure, 228 Killyon, s. 289, 400 , Killyvarnen hill, 8 Kilmacduagh seven churches, 257 round tower, 257 Kilmacoliver, s. 71 Kilmacredan, s. 419 Kilmacrennan village, 467 Kilmacthomas village, $0 Kilmagany village, 70 Kilmaine village, 290 Kilmainham-wood village, 427 Kilmallock town, 155 Kilmanahan castle, s, 81 Kilmanick, s. 46 Kilmarnock, s, 68 Kilmaroney, s. 103 Kilmastulla hamlet, 140 Kilmeaden, s. 90 Kilmeague village, 278 Kilmessin village, 391 Kilminchy house, s, 136 Kilmore bay, 333 were house ruins, 333 ewe 5S. 167, 261, 320, 383 Kilmoyler, s. 147 Kilmurry, s. 62, 86 ~~~ hamlet, 261 Kilnacrot, s. 396 Kilmagore wood, 339 Kilnahard, s. 396 Kilnaleck village, 396 Kilnock, s. 59 Kilpeacon, s. 182 Kilquade, s. 5, 16 Kilranelagh, s. 22 Kilrea, roads to, 536 wer round tower, 75 wwe town, 537 Kilricle village, 230 Kilronan church. yard, 322 Kilruddery, s. 3, 16 Kilrush,s 131 Kilrush, 1st road to, 258 ~~ 2d road to, 260 ww town, 258 wee eXports and imports, value, 593 e-~ steamer to, from Limerick, 579 Kilshanic, s. 86 Kilshruly, s. 317, 403 Kiltanan, s, 255 Kiltean, s. 152 wee 627 Kilteely village, 50 Kilternan house, 28 ww Village, 28 Kiltevin. s. 335 Kiltinan castle, s.126 Kiltoey, s. 471 Kiltymon glen, 6 Kilworth barrack, 83 ww town, 83 Kimmage, s 19 Kincor, s. 273 Kindevin, s. 316 King’s-court town, 428 King’s-fort, s. 379 Kingston, s. 8 King’s river, 21, 74 Kingstown, 574 www road to 574 King Williamstown, 198 Kinlough hamiet, 416 weone8-: 416 Kinnail lough, 396 Kinnegad town, 222 Kinnety hamlet, 24] Kinnure park, s. 570 Kinsale, road to, 159 ~~~ town, 160 ~~ exports and imports, value of, 593 Kinturk, s. 401 Kinure point, 160 Kippure lodge, s 20, 37 w-~ ‘Mountain, 20 Kircubbin village, 553 Kirkistown castle ruins, 563 Kish village, 423 Kish-coran hill, 325 Knappa, s. 504 Knappaw lodge, s. 547 Knapton,s, 105 Knight’s-bridge, s. 196 Knight’s-brook, s. 392 Knight’s. town, s. 241 Knock hamlet, 261 awe~ hill, 249 Knockaderry, s. 183 Knockadoo, s. 324 Knockalla hill, 472 Knockaney hill, 154 Knockbane, s. 296 Knockbeg, s. 57 Knockcroghery village, 333 Knockdrin hill, 313 eon A aley Knockfennel hill, 154 Knockferry, 296 Knockfin, s. 145 Knockfirine hill, 183 Knockingan, s. 482 Knock Ion hill, 315 Knocklade mountain, 538 Knocklane hill, 331 Knocklofty, s. 81 Knocklong hill, 156 Knockmany hill, 442, 454 Knockmoan castle ruins, 93 Knockmoy abbey ruins, 281 Knocknara hill, 326, 341 628 INDEX. Knocknashee hill, 350 Knockonhiggin mountain, 299 Knockpatrick hill, 211 Knockpogne, s. 250 Knockriar hill, 189, 192 Knockrigg, s. 22 Knockroe hill, 282, 292 Knockshegouna hill, 244 Knocktopher Village, 63 Knuck-na-fiach hill, 166 * Kyle hamlet, 13 w-~ house, s. 13 Kylemore lake, 304 LABaCALLY sepulchral monument, 84 Labaliy, s- 232 Lacken, s. 315 Lacken hill, 48 Ladistown, s. 313 Ladytown, s. 132 Lagan canal, 495, 527 wm Tiver, 437, 583 -—~ Stream, 494, 498 Laggore, s. 373 Laghy village, 417 Laharan, s. 165 Lahard, s. 397 Laheen, s. 320 Lahinch village, 263 Lakefield, s. 126, 319, 498 Lake-mount, s. 455 Lake-view, s, 31, 325, 397, 428 Lake-ville, s. 188 Lakes principal, 584 Lamancha, s. 312 Lambay island, 570 Lambeg house, 498 wm Village, 498 Lamberton, s. 10, 104 Laneaster park, s. 230 Landinstown, s. 278 Landscape woods, 73 Lane lough, 401 Lane-park, s. 127 wm Tiver, 188, 202 Lanesborough town, 339 Langford lodge, s. 528 Laputa, s. 414 Laracor, s. 392 Laragh bagrack, 31 www Village, 31 ow to Aughavanagh road, 33 ewww t0 Ovoca inn, road, 33 Larch-hill, s. 138, 405. ; Largay hamlet, 408 we Village, 420 Lark-field, s.‘411 Larne lough, 540 we. town, 540 r www exports & imports, value of, 593 Laughton, s. 149 Laune river, 583 Launs-down, 241 Lauragh, s. 241 Laurel-hill, s, 138 Laurentinum, s. 176 Lava lake, 381 : wees Strand, 381 Lawn, (the) s. 285 Lawnguh hill, 250 L’ Bergerie, s. 240 Lea castle ruins, 239 Leagh church ruins, 107 Leanan stream, 471 Leap-castle ruins, 164, 248 ww hamlet, 164 Lear stream, 55 Learmont,s. 451 Learmount, s. 534 Leddington, s. 124 Ledwithstown, s. 339 Lee river, 158, 169, 195, 582 Leekfield, s. 341 Leemount, s. 169 Leenane, Ist road to, 305 ww 2d road to, 310 w— hamlet, 306 Leesborough, s. 431 Legavannon hill, 534 Legnashinna, 408 , Lehinch, s.283 Leighlin-bridge town, 61 Leighlin, (Old) 61 Leinster lodge, 103 Leitrim river,7 wm Village, 320 Leixlip town, 220 Lemlara, s. 100 Lemonfiela, s. 297 Leney church, 314 Leslie castle, s. 440 Leslie hill, 533 Leslie-lodge, s. 213 Lessanover, s. 399 Letterfian, s. 320 Letterkenny town, 464 Lettermore island, 236, 298 Lettermullen island, 236 Lettery mountain, 299 Lettybrook, s. 242 Lettyville, s. 139, 268 Levington, s, 314 Liekey river, 95 Lickfin, s. 127 Liclash ruins, 86 ‘ Liffey river, 21, 53, 132, 219, 220, 277, 581 " Lifford town, 463 Ligavregra mountain, 399 Ligfordrum mountain, 446 Lime-park, s- 518 Limerick, road to, 132 road to, by Grand Canal and Shannon harbour, 579 town, 143 customs, duties in 1836, 591 exports & imports, value, 593 registered vessels and their tonnage, 591 to Cork road, 575 Linaan stream, 71 Linen-vale, s. 511 Linfield, s. 150, 153 Linsfort, s. 475 Liosnacoille castle ruins, 183 Lisanisky, s. 139 Lisbellaw town, 387 athe INDEX. Lisbrien, s, 268 Lisburn castle, 496 town, 496 Liscannor Village, 264 Liscarrol village, 177 Liscarton s. 377 Lisconnan, s. 533 Lisdhue, s. 518 Listinney castle ruins, 121 Lisglasic, s. 352 Lisgoul abbey ruins, 387 Lishaddin river, 202 Lisheen abbey, s. 147 Lishoy hamlet, 227 Lisinisk. 437 Liskelly, s. 230 Liskinmore rabbit warren, 456 Lismacue, s. 148 Lismore castle, s. 119, 397 w-~ fort ruins, 441 ~~ town, 118 Lismoyne, s. 498 Lismullin, s 374 Lisnabin, s. 406 Lisnaboe, s. 428 Lisnabrin, s. 121 Lisnagar, s. 86 Lisnagowan house, 384 Lisnagrade, s. 493 Lisnagroagh, s. 409 Lisnamandra, s. 397 Lisnaroe, s. 431 Lisnawilly, s. 489 Lisnarrick village, 422 isnaskea town, 386 Lisquinlan, s. 98 isrenny, s. 506 Lissadiil, s. 330 Lissadurn, s. 354 Lissan, s. 519 Lissanoure eastle, s. 532 Lissard, s. 317 Lissen-hall, s. 140, 481 Lissenode, s. 225 Lissryan, s. 403 Lissy woollen hamlet, 227 Listowel town, 213 Little dargle, s. 35 Littlefield, s. 127 Little-island, villa, 65 Littleton hamlet, 107 www to Clonmel road, 575 Littletown, s. 228 Lixnaw seat ruins, 214 Lioydsborough, s. 146 Lodge, (the) s. 472, 565 Lodge-brook, s. 393 Lodge-park, s. 131, 278 Loftus-hall, s. 45 Logboy, s. 337 Lohort castle, 180 Londonderry, road to, 432 customs duties, in 1836, 591 exports & imports, value of, 593 registered vessels, and_their tonnage, 591 to Sligo road, 576 town, 448 wee — wee wee errs wore 629 Longfield, s. 149, 437 Long lough, 430: Longford, s. 341 w— town, 317 ww to Athlone road, 575 Longueville, s. 179 Loragh, s. 269 Lota, s. 87 Lota-beg, s. 87 Loughanleagh hill, 407, 428 Lough-Anna, s. 248 Lough-ash, s. 447 Lough-a-Preaghan, 298 Lough-bawn, s. 478 Loughbrickland house, 493 were town, 493 Lough-cooter castle, s. 257 Lough-crew, s. 395 Lough-esk house, 418 Loughfay, s. 437 wen Fiver, 437 Loughgall house, 510 ww Village, 510, 515 Loughgilly house, 507 wen Janes ate Loughglyn, s. 3 ak Palle 337 Loughill, s. 211 ; Loughin island lake, 558 Loughlinstown hamlet, 2 Lough-park, s. 401 Loughrea, road to, 272 wee town, 230 ww to Portumna road, 576 Lough-ros-Beg bay, 421 Loughry stream, 519 awen 8. 518 Loughs or lakes, principal, 584 weer extent of, in statute acres, 589 Louisburgh village, 287 Louth village, 507 Louth-hall, s. 506 Louth, hill, 505 i Louth-mills hamlet, 507 Lovally, s. 145 Lowther lodge, s. 482 Lowtown, s. 223 Lah Lowyville, s. 279 : Lowwood, s. 502 Loyd hill, 379 Lucan house, s. 219 ww town, 219 Lugduff mountain, 32 Luggelaw cottage, 30 Lugnaquilla mountain, 22 Lumeloon, s. 59 Lumford glen, 454 Lumville, s. 246 Lung river, 348 Lurgan hills, 549, 350 house, 526 ww town, 526 Lurganboy, s. 409 * Lurgangreen village, 488 Lusk village, 481, 570 Lynnbury, s. 312 Lyons, 8, 278 7 —— 630 INDEX. Lyrath, s. 75 Lystertield, s. 333 Maaw, Ist road to, 298 we~ 2d road to, 309 Maam Ina pass, 299 «ee Ture mountain, 304 Macarky, s. 107 Mac Art’s fort, 502 M‘Arthy-more castle, 188 M‘Cochlin’s hill, 273 Mac-Gillicuddy’s reeks, 193, 202 Mackin, s. 106 Mackney,s 229 Mackno lough, 238 Macmine, s. 12 Macmurragh, s. 49 Macnean loughs, 408 Macollop castle, s. 86 Macosquin hamlet, 522 Macroom castle, s. 170 wen. town, 169 M‘Swine’s castle ruins, 419 wow gun, 466 Maddenstown, s. 133 Magara castle ruins, 348, 350 Magee island, 540 Magea island, 553 Maghera bay, 461 ww town, 521 Maghera-beg abbey ruins, 417 Magherafelt town, 520 Magheralin village, 526 Magheramorne, s. 540 e~ lime works, 540 Magheryard, 477 Magilligan glebe, 535 wew Shores, 535 Maguire’s-bridge village, 386 Maheramena, s. 413 Mahon river, 90 Maiden-hall, s. 74 Maiden-head park, s. 128 Maiden tower, 482 Maig river, 182, 210 Main house, s. 487 Maine river, 207, 583 Maine water, 530 Major lough, 453 Makin, s. 398 Malahide castle, s. 571 «aw Yoad to, 571 www Village, 571 \ Malbay, 259 Malin harbour, 420 eons hall, s. 477 ww head, road to, 476 corre, ead) 47,7. wa Village, 477 Malla-mast forts, 54 Mallow, roe to, 176 ww =S. ww. town, 178 Malone hamlet, 498 www house, 498 Mangerton mountain, 192, 193 Manister, s. 154 Manister-na-Gillagh abbey ruins, 211 Manister-neany abbey ruins, 154 Man-of-war villagé, 481 Manor Cunningham village, 464 Manor-hamilton, Ist road to, 407 w-~ 2d road to, 410 w— town, 409 Mansfield-town hamlet, 488 Mantua, s. 347,481 Maprath, s. 379 Marble-hill, s. 231, 466 Margaret castle ruins, 561 Marino, s: 100, 572 Markethill town, 508 Markree, s. 325 Marle-bank, s. 408 Marley, s. 35 Marlfield, s. 81 Mary lough, 444 Maryborough, s. 158 ww town, 136 Mary Grey hill, 444 Mary-mount, s. 107 Mary-ville, s. 182 Mask lough, 293, 294 Masonbrook, s. 231 Mattock stream, 504 Maume Thomaus mountains, 365 Mayfield, s. 162,278 Mayfield house, s. 74 Maynooth town, 221 Mayo, plains of, 283 w-—~ Village, 284 Mayowla river, 521 May-park villa, 66 Mead’s-brook, s. 434 Mead’s-town, s. 393 Meare’s-court, s. 338 Medop-hail, s. 11 Meelagh lough, 322 Meelick abbey ruins, 274 Mellifont abbey ruins, 504 Melvin lough, 414 Menlough castle, s. 237 Merlin park, s. 233 Mew island, 552 Middlemount, s. 145 Middleton, s. 224 s-w~ town, 99,503 : Middletown, road to, 123 Miles, table for converting Irish into British, 595 Milestown,s 487 Military road, 36, 37 Millbank, s. 132 Millbrook, s. 521 Millford, s. 61, 524 ~~ town, 473 Millfort, s. 179 Millicent, s. 278 Millmount hamlet, 439 «~~ house, 439 wm 5S. 10 Millstreet town, 196 Milltown, s. 336, 394 - Milltown-house, s. 263 ava. Village, 27, 207 Milltown-malbay, Ist road to, 262 ee 2d road to, 265 wee town, 263 INDEX. 631 Milon, s. 210 Morristown, s. 132 Miltown Grange, s, 488 Mosney. s. 482 _ Miltown lodge, s. 447, 451 Mosstown, s. 224, 352 Milverton, s. 569 Mossvale, s. 403 Minard castle ruins, 217 Mountain-lodge, s. 429, 511 Mineral structure of Ireland, outline were Fiver, 440 ' of the, by Professor Scouler, 597 Mountains, heights of, 580 Minore-house, s. 430 Mountain‘s-town, s. 427 Miskisk mountain, 201 Mount Alexander castle ruins, 553 Mitchelstown castle, s. 115 Mount-allen, s. 322 wnerst, CAVES, 112 Mount-annville villa, 28 wee house, 394 Mount Bellew, s. 280, 289 Bey I) Mount Bernard, s.280 wee town, 114 Mount-bolus hamlet, 248 Moat, s. 290 Mount-brandon hill, 59 Moate castle, s. 225 Mount Brown, s. 183 wee town, 225 Mount Browne, s. 291 wrens) PAYky (S83 O08 Mount Campbell, s. 319 Mobarnane, s. 127 Mount-charles town, 419 Modreny,s 268 Mount-congreve, s. 90 Moher cliffs, 1st road to, 262 Mount-coote, s. 155, 156 we 2d road to, 265 Mount- Dalton, s. 338 ww. described, 264 Mount Davies, s. 537 Mohill town, 319 Mount-deland, s. 131 Moira town, 526 Mount-dillon, s. 340 Moista sound, 369 Mount-druid, s. 347, 549 Molrhany, 365 Mount Edward, s. 547 Monaghan town, 439 Mount-equity, s. 230 ~-—- to Armagh road, 575 Mount-Falcon, s. 349 Monalty louch, 437 Mount- Faulkner, s. 268 eee EROS) Mount-fin, s. 26 Monanimy church, 179 Mount-garret castle ruins, 49 Monasterboice house, 487 Mount-hall, s. 457 ew ruins of, 487 Mount-hazel, s. 280 Monasterevan to Carlow road, 575 Mount-heaton, s. 138 we town, 134 Mount-Henry, s. 135 Monasteroris abbey ruins, 246 Mount-hilary hill, 180 eeeniBs 240 Mount-Irwin,s 503 Monatra villa, 97 Mount- Ivers, s. 250 Monellan, s. 457 Mount-jessop, s. 352 Moneygall village, 139 Mount-John, s. 6 Moneymeore hamlet, 470 Mountjoy- Forest, s, 443 ew town, 519 Mount- Juliet, s. 62, 74 Moneyquill, s. 151 Mount- Kennedy. s. 91 Monivea house, 238 Mount-Leader, s. 196 ren) S28 Mount-Leinster mountain, 25, 50 ww Village, 238, 281 Mount- Loftus, s 58, 56 Monksland, s. 569 Mount-lucas, s. 246 Monkstown village, 574 Mount-mellick town, 241 Montalto, s. 554 Mount-merrion villa, 28 Moon, s. 54 Mount.murray,s 314 Moore abbey, s. 134 Mount-neal ruins, 23 Moorefield hamlet, 133 Mount-norris hamlet, 507 enn SeDisitos Mount-north, s. 179 Moore-fort, s. 156, 533 Mount-nugent village, 395 Moor-park, s.83 Mount-Oliver, s. 145 Moor-hall, s. 284 Mount-panther, s. 558 Moorock, s. 272 Mount-philips, s. 152 Moor-town, s. 133 Mount-pleasant, s. 162, 167, 231, 248, Moran abbey ruins, 179 259, 443, 490 Morell river, 52 Mount-plummer, s. 184 Moreen villa, 28 Mount. prospect, s. 19, 416 Moreisk, s. 255 Mountrath town, 137 Morett ruins, 135 Mount-roth, s. 75 Morisk abbey ruins, 287 Mount-rivers, s. 86, 152 v-one district, 296 Mount-sandell, s 524 ~~ mountains, 29], 310 Mount-shannon, s. 142 , Morning star river, 154 ww. Village, 271 Mornington, s. 313,482 , Mount-silk, s. 290 632 Mount-stewart, s. 553 Mount-Talbot, s 289 Mount-trenchard, s. 211 Mount-uniacke, s. 98 Mount-vernon,s 502 Mourne lough, 418, 458 ~~ mountains, 556 wer park, se 567 wwe Yiver, 446 we~ Stream, 425 Moville, road to, 478 ~~ town, 478 Moy castle ruins, 263 ow Yriver, 342, 349, 350, 582 we town, 515 Moyalla river, 165, 173 Moyallen, 514 Moyavalley, s. 225 Moycullen, s. 296 Moydrum castle, s. £27 Moyglass, s. 319 Moyle castle, 445 we~ hamlet, 445 Be Gs) Moylough village, 280, 289 Moynalty village. 379, 406 Moynart house, 47 w~~ forest, 47 Moyne abbey ruins, 355 ence iver, 281, 293 Aref AOS GES Moyrath castle, 405 Moy’s-town, s. 276 Moyview cottage, 342 Moyvilla stream, 233 Moyvilly ruins, 232 Moyvore village, 338 Muckamore, s 529 Muckish glen, 470 ~~ mountain, 470 Muckland, s. 289 Muckridge, s. 97 Muckruss abbey, 187 «~~ hamlet, 187 reson) (SCAUSAST. Muff hamlet, 428 we Village, 476, 535 Muilrea mountain, 296 Mulchair river, 143, 152 Gane ESS 4D, ‘ Mullachmore village, 332 Mullacrew hamlet, 507 Mullagh-carn mountain, 443 Mullagh-derg, 461 Mullagh-fin, s. 434 Mullagh-more, s. 517 Mullangore woods, 465 Mullantain, s. 518 Mullet, (the) 361 Mullinabro, s. 63 Mullinavat village, 63 Mullingar, road to, 404 woman NUOWNS LL Mullingore lodge, 518 Mullochmeen hill, 402 Mullochmore hill, 402 Mullyash mountain, 438, 512 Mulroy bay, 468 INDEX. Multifarnham village, 314 Munavoulagh mountains, 91 Mungret abbey ruins, 181 Munhin river, 361 Munny, s. 24 Munterlowney mountains, 445 Murdering glen, 168 Murroe village, 152 Murrough sands, 7 Mutton island, 236 Mynoe, s. 271 Myroe tract, 535 Myrtle-zrove, s 96 Myshall lodge, s. 59 ~-~ Village, 59 Naas moat, 53 we~ town, 52 Nachore hills, 542 Nacung lough, 469 Nagle mountains, 85 Nanny water, 434, 482, 485, 583 Nantenant, s. 183 Narin, Ist road to, 455 enw 2d road to, 456 w—~ Village, 456 Narraghmore, s. 54 Narrow-water castle ruins, 564 worn ferry, 564 Navan town, 375 w-~ to Drogheda road, 575 Navan’s-town, s. 279 Neagh lough, 528, 583 Neale, (the) s. 290 Necarn, s. 422 Nenagh river, 140 ~~ town, 140 ~~ to Ballinasloe road, 576 Nephin glen, 367 ~~ mountain, 342, 358, 360 New-abbey ruins, 53 New-berry, s. 179, 245 New-birmingham village, 127 Newbliss house, 431 w~ town, 431 Newbridge barrack, 132 were) Sasso Newbrook, s. 284 Newcastle ruins, 143 ww town, 183, 557 wow Creek, exports and imports, value of, 593 we 8. 539, 395, 497 wm Village, 17 New-court, s. 164 { New-forest, s 148, 294, 290 New-geneva barracks, 68 j New-grange moat, 436 4 New-grove, s. 255, 379, 443, 498 New. haggard, s, 393 { New-hall, s. 251, 261 New-inn, 381 New-lands, s. 52 Newmarket hamlet, 70 aw road to, 176 we town, 180 e~ to Cork road, 575 Newmarket-on-Fergus town, 250 New-park, s. 66, 137, 325, 333, 339, 430 INDEX. New-pass, s. 316 New-port river, 583 «wee €Xports and imports, value ~ of, 593 Newport-mayo town, 365 wer 5S. 364 Newport-Tip, roads to, 150 ww town, 152 New-quay village, 265 Newrath-bridge inn, 6, 17 New-ross, s 152 Newry canal, 507 ww customs duties in 1836, 591 w-~ exports & imports, value, 593 w-—~ Tregistd. vessels & tonnage, 591 ww~ town, 491 w-~ to Castleblayney road, 576 ww Water, 564, 583 Newstone s. 436 ~~~ house,s. 24 Newton house, s. 485 Newtown, s. 13, 19, 69, 77, 79, 155, 156, 247, 392 Newtown-ards town, 552 Newtown-barry village, 25 Newtown-bond, s. 317 Newtown-butler village, 385 Newtown-Cunningham village, 448 Newtown- Ellard, s. 150 Newtown-Forbes village, 318 Newtown.-gore, s. 329 Newtown-hamilton town, 512 Newtown-limavady, road to, 533 oes town, dot Newtown-lowe hamlet, 223 Newtown-Mount. Kennedy, s. 6 veow Village, 5 Newtown Stewart town, 443 Ninch,s 482 Nine-mile house, 79 Nixon-lodge, s. 398 Nobber village, 427 Nootka lodge, s. 569 Nore river, 48, 77, 105, 130, 137, 581 Nore-view, s. 105 Norlands villa, 62 Norman’s grove, s. 373 Norris-mount, s. 11 Northland park, s. 516 were 5. , 248 Nurney village, 57 Nutfield, s. 386 OAKHAMPTON, S. 152 Oak-lands,s 519 Oakley, s. 561 Oakley park, s. 243 Oakly-park, s. 379 Oak-park, s. 55, 208, 471 Oak-port house, 323 ae lough, 323 Oaks,s 451 Oaks-lodge, s. 451 Oat-field, s. 230 Oat-lands, s 49, 377 O’Brien’s bridge, 142 wen Castle, 262 O’Connell’s birthplace, 204 Odda, s.106 Odelville, s. 183 O’Hara-brook, s. 532 Old-bridge, s. 482 Oldcastle town, 395 Old-court, s. 3, 16, 158 Olderfieet castle ruins, 541 Old-glass, s. 105 Old-Leighlin, s. 61 Oldtown, s 52 Omagh town, 442 Omeath, s. 569 Oonagh lough, 432 Oran-castle, s. 232 Orange-hill, s 513 Oranmore village, 252 Qriel temple, s. 505 ° Ormeau, s. 501 Ougarine river, 249 Oughter lough, 397 Oughterard village, 297 Oulart village, 18 Ouler lough, 37 Ouvane river, 163,173 Ovens hamlet, 169 Ovoca vale, 8 «ors Viver, 9,31, 583 Owbeg river, 185 Owenbeg.river, 325, 326, 583 Owen-carrow stream, 466 Owen-cocker stream, 455, 462 Owenea stream, 455 Owen-errive river, 307, 311, 583 Owen-more river, 360, 366 Owen-roe river, 406 Owey island, 461 Owhel lough, 514, 351 Owinass stream, 241 Qx mountains, 341, 349 Oyna river, 262 Oyne river, 264 PaKENHAM hall, s. 402 Palace, s. 47 Palace anne, s. 167 Pallas, s. 248, 270 Pallas-green, roads to, 149, 153 we~ Village, 150 Pailas-kenry village, 210 Palmerstown hamlet, 356 ees en house, s. 219 eros |‘ ereon! TUIIS, GAG Paradise, s. 261 Park, s. 57, 187 Park, (the) s. 285 Parkanour, s. 517 Park-hill, s. 417 Park-mount, s. 502 Parks-town, s. 107, 405 Parliament, list of places returning members to, 594 Parlour cavern, 369 Parsonstown, s 373 vw house, 436 coe Est roadtto, 259, ww 2d road to, 244 aes town, 242 Partree village, 290 Passage-east, road to, 66 633 634 INDEX, Passage-east town, 46, 67 Portrane house, 481 Passage-west town, 158 Port-Royal, s.291 Patrick’s-well village, 182 Portrush village, 524 Pellipar, s.- 534 Port-Turling coast-guard sration, 368 Percy-lodge, s 13 Portstewart town, 524 Percy-mount, s. 329 Portumna, road to, 269 Persse-lodge, s. 232 ~~ town, 270 Peter-field, s. 140 we». to Loughrea road, 576 * Peters-field, s. 293 Poulacoople lough, 305 Peters-ville, s. 406 Powerscourt, s. 4, 28, 29 Pettigoe town, 423, 424 Poyntz pass town, 498 Phale, s. 167 Preface, vii Philips-town, 246 Prehen, s. 448, 451 Philpots-town, s. 376 Priest’s-leap mountain, 201 Phoul-a-Phouca dell, 412 Prirloand, s, 488 ae waterfall, 21 : | Priory, (the) s 145 Piltown, road to, 70 Pritchard’s town, s. 221 vow house, 482 Prospect, s. 6, 188, 224, 272, 488 w-~ Village, 72 cn Walla, 25 Plaiskins, (the) 545 Prosperous village, 278 Plassy, s. 143 Prumples-town, s. 55 Plates, list of, v. Pullinashintina cavern, 363 Plattin, s. 486 Pullins, (the) 417 Pobble O’ Keeffe lands, 196 Punches Grange, s. 278 Points town, s. 127 Purdy’s burn, s. 502 Poe stream, 443 Purple mountain, 192 Pollertown, s. 55 Purt castle ruins, 185 Pomeroy house, s. 517 Pyrmount, s. 213 ww Village, 517 QUAKER’S ISLAND, 339 Pontoon inn, 343 Quan’s-borough, s. 275 Poolanass brook, 32 Quarry-mount, s. 248, 283 Poolmunty bridge, 60 Quartertown, s. 179 Pooinasherry creek, 259 Queensborough hamlet, 485 Poplar-vale,s 440 Quin abbey ruins, 250 Population of cities, towns and were TIVERSDS bi | villages, 585 Quinton bay, 563 ' Vickar’s-town, s. 104 Villier’s-town village, 94 Vinegar hill, 12 Violet hill, s. 107, 498, 511 Virginia town, s. 380. Vogher lough, 205 aed INDEX. WALDER’S-TOWN, S. 227 Walls-court ruins, 230 Walls-town, ruins, 169 Walsh.park, s. 269 Walsh’s castle, s. 562 Walter’s-town, s. 406 Walworth-castle, 535 Walworth-wood, s, 535; Ward hill, 394 Ward-town, s. 416 Warren’s-grove, s. 169 Waring’s-town, 525 we 8. 525 Warren-court, s. 169 Warren’s-point town, 564 Warren’s-town, s. 373 Waterdale, s. 237 Waterfall, Powerscourt, 4 Waterford, road to, 60 city, 64 customs, duties in 1836, 59] environs of, 66 exports & imports, value, 593 Tegiarered vessels & tonnage, 5 to Cork roads, 576 to Kilkenny road, 577 on to Wexford road, 577 Waterfoot, s. 423 Watergrass-hill village, 86 Waters, lst meeting of, 8, 9 we~ 2d meeting of, 38 Water’s-tone, s. 227 Water’s-town, s. 221 Water-ville, s. 205 Wattle-bridge hamlet, 384 Webbe-hill, s. 134 Websborough, s. 129 Weir’s snout, 545 Well-brook, s. 519 Wells, s. 18 West Acton, s. 17 West court, s. 78 Westfield farm cottage, 138 Westland, s. 406 West-lodge, s. 90, 235 Westport, Ist road to, 279 ww 2d road to, 288 we Sd road to, 291 we town, 286 we exports and imports, value of, 593 Weston, s. 220, 280 Wexford, Ist road to, 1 2d road to, 15 3d road to, 19 customs duties in 1836, 59] exports and imports, value of, 593 number of registered vessels and their tonnage, 591 to Waterford road, 577 ow town, 13 Whaley abbey ruins, 35 Whiddy island, 166 White abbey village, 539 White church, s, 93 White-gate village, 123 pier wee — — — wee we INDEX. 641 White-hall, s. 164 White-hill, 436 Grane Sardi White-house, s. 502 ee Village, 502 White-rocks pier, 560 White’s town, s. 221 White-water stream, 512, 567 White-wood, s. 427 Whitfield, s. 90 Wicklow abbey, 7 wore hea 3 ew. town, 7 eer exports and imports, value of, 593 William’s-town castle ruins, 153 anee s. 66, 245, 258, 378 wnees village, 574 Willmount, s. 379, 498 Willow-brooke, s. 329 Willsborough, s. 8 Willsgove, s. 336 Willville, s. 569 Wilmar villa, 71 Wilson’s hospital, 314 Wilton, s. 43 Windfield, s. 280 Windsor, s. 285 Wood, (the) s. 183 Wood-brook, s. 2, 50 Wood-brooke, s. 241, 289 Wooden-bridge inn, 9 Woodfield, s. 243, 255 Wood-ford, s. 398, 428 wee Village, 270 wees Yiver, 398 Wood-fort, s, 179 Wood-hill, s, 455 Wood-house, s. $1,555" Wood-house, (the) s. 566 Wood-island, 553 Wood-lands, s. 219, 457 Wood-lawn, s. 2, 238, 556 Wood-lodge, s. 556 Wood-mount, s. 262 Wood-park, s. 27], 373, 503 Woodroofe, s, 81 Woodsgift, s. 107 Woodstock, s. 5, 16, 49, 62, 94, 296 Woodstown bay, 67 wnvallas) 67 . Woodville, s. 49, 219, 329, 403, 416 Woodville house, s. 493 YEOMANSTOWN, 8. 132 Youghal, road to, 121 wees town, 95 we €Xports and imports, value of, 593 THE END. Dublin: Printed by J.S. Foips, 5, Bachelor’s. Walk. naa ; eee oO °o Kn 62 2 2 oO 15 oll2 45 30 1g 0102 45. ~ 50 ib o92 Pi ee 30 15 of 46 30 15 oF 45 a OG = a sare an . : : [{} $$ Ke i ETT i... ee AA OT —— aa . Ri Pz % NOUS ETA LUGAR AU HOH OTOLOGSARA EEUU LUGS eo} a 2 a QYirh Pig ewe cabiassly ae 45 te Ee ) AMGIABUMAAUU SUMAN RAGE NEE Nn S & =| FE} LM === SS Be [Loutsborg So a Pw S tn ay in MTT SSS CN? 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