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J. His father was a farmer of much vigor and consistency of character ; his mother a woman of noted energy, hope- fulness and equanimity. Both parents were in marked respects char- acteristic. Diflerences of disposition and metliods blended in tliem into a harmonious, consecrated, benignant and cheer}' life. The father won all the confidence and the best of the honors a hard-sensed truly American commui»ity had to yield. The mother was that counseling and quietly provident force which made her a helpmeet indeed and her home the center and sanctuary of the sweetest influences that have iWlen on the path of a large number of children, of whom four scms are all ministers of the Word. Prom a period ante-dating the Revolution, the ancestors of our subject were members of the Re- formed Dutch Church, in which Dr. Talmage's father was the lead- ing lay office bearer through a life extended beyond fourscore years. The youngest of the children, it seemed doubtful at first whether DeWitl would follow his brothers into the ministry. His earliest preference was the law, the studies of which he pursued for a year after his graduation with honors frcmi the University of the City of New York. The faculties which would have made him the greatest Jury advocats of the age were, however, preserved for and directed to- ward tlie pulpit by an unrest which took the very sound of a cry within ,!iim for months, " Woe is me if I preach not the gospel.'' ^Vlien ho submitted to it the always ardent but never urged hopes of his honored parents were realized. He entered the ministry from the New Branswich Seminary of Theology. As his destiny and powers came to manifestation in Brooklyn, his pastoral life prior to that was but a preparation for it. It can, therefore, be indicated as an inci- dental stage in his career rather than treated at length as a principal part of it. His first settlement was at Belleville, on the beautiful Passaic, in New Jersey. For three years there he underwent an ex- cellent prnotical education in the conventional ministry. His congre- gation was about the most cultivated and exacting in the rural 6 BIOOBAPUIOAL. regions of the sterling little state. Historically, it was known to bo alx>ut the oldest society of Protestantism in New Jersey. Its records, as preserved, run back over 200 years, but it is Icnown to liavo had a strong life the better part of a century more. Its structure i.s regarded as one of the finest of any country congregation in the United States. No wonder: it stand.s within rifle-shot of the quarry from which Ohl Trinity, ia New Yorli, was liown. The value (and tac limits) of stereotyped preaching and what ho did not know came as an instruc- tive and disillusionizing force to the theological tyro at Belleville. There also came and remained strong friendships, inspiring revivals, and sacred counsels. By nalunil promotion three years at Syracuse succeeded three at Belleville. That cultivated, critical city furnished Mr. Talmago the value of an audience in which professional men were predominant in influence. His preaching there grew tonic and free. As Mr. Pitt advised a young friend, he "risked himself" The church grew from few to many— from a state of coma to athletic life. The preacher learned to go to school to humanity and his own heart. The lessons they taught him agreed with what was boldest and most compelling in the spirit of the revealed Word. Those whose claims were sacred to him found the saline climate of Syracuse a cause of unhealth. Otherwise it is likely that that most delightful region in the United States— Central New York — for men of letters who equally love nature and culiure, would have been the home of Mr. Talmage for life. The next seven years of Mr. Talmage's life were spent in Phila- delphia. There his powers jgot " set." He learned what it was he could best do. He had the courage of his consciousness and ho did it. Previously he might have felt it incumbent on him to give to pulpit traditions the homage of compliance — though at Syracuse "the more excellent way," any man's ow/i way, so that he have the divining gift of genius and the nature atune to all high sympa- thies and purposes —had in glimpses come to him. He realized that it was his duty and mission in the world to make it hear the gospel. The church was not to him in numbers a select few, in organization a monopoly. It was meant to be the conqueror and transformer of the world. For seven yearb he wrought with much success on this theory, all the time realizing that his plans could come to fullness only under conditions that enabled him to build from the bottom up an organization which could get nearer to the masses and which would have no precedents to be afraid of as ghosts in its path. Hence he ceased from being the leading preacher in Philadelphia to become in Brooklyn Die leading preacher in the world. - ^i. ,-..-^.i__ BlOORAPHrOAL. n His work for nine years liore, know all our readers. It began In a crampw! brick rcctauglu, capable of liolding 1,200, and lie came to It on "the call " of nineteen. In leas than two years that was exchangtHi for an iron structure, with raised scats, the interior curved like a horse shoe, the pulpit li platform bridging the ends. That held 3,(KX) persons. It lusted just long enough to revolutionize church archi- tecture in c'tics into harmony with common sense. Smaller ilupU cates of it started in every quarter, three in Brooklyn, two in Nt'w Yoi'k.onein Montreal, one in Louisville, any number in Chicago^ two in San Francisco, like numbers abroad. Then it burnt up, thnt from its aahes the present stately and most sensible structure migiit rise. Gotliic, of brick and stone, cuthedral-like above, amphitluiiitre- like below, it holds 5,000 as easily as one person, and all can liear and sec equally well. In a largo sense the people built these cdiflcos. Their architects were Leonard Vaux and Jolin Welch respectively. It is suffloiently indicative to say in general of Dr. Talmago's work In the Tabernacle, that his audiences are always as mr.ny Jis the plact; will hold; that twenty-three papers in Christendom statedly publish his entire sermons and Friday night discourses, exclusive of the dailies of the United States; that the papers girdle the globe, being published in London, Liverpool, Mtyichesier, Glasgow, Belfast, Toronto, Montxeal, St. John's, Sidney, Mtsl bourne, San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, Raleigh, New York, and many others. To pulpit labors of this responsibility should be added considerable pastoral work, the conduct of the Ij«y College, and constantly recurring lec- turing and literary work, to fill out the jjublic life of a very busy man. The multiplicity, large results and striking progress of the labors" of J)r. Talmage have made the foregoing more of »:, orief narrative of the epochs of his career than an accouiii of the career itself. It has had to be so. Lack of space requires if. His work has had rather to be intimated in generalities than told in details. The filling in must come either from the knowledge of the reader or from intel- ligent inferences and conclusions, d' -vn from the few principal facts stated, and stated with care. Tl's remains to be said: No other preacher addresses so many constantly. The words of no other preacher were ever before carried by so many types or carried so far Types give him three continents for a church, and the English- speaking world for a congregation. The judgment of his generation, will of course be divided upon him just as that of the next will not That he is a topic in every new.spaper is much more signiflcjuit than the fact of what treatment it gives him. Only men of g.nius \V..': 10 BIOGEAFHIOAL. 1 I 1 are universally commented on. The universality of the comment makes friends and foes alike prove the fact of the genius. That is what is impressive — as for the quality of the comment, it will, in nine cases out of ten, be much more a revelation of the character be- hind the pen which writes it than a true view or review of the man. This is necessarily so. The press and .he pulpit in the main aro defective judges of one another. The former rarely enters the inside of the latter's work. There is acquaintanceship, but not intimacy between them. Journals find out tlmfact of a preaclier's power in time. Then they go looking for the causes. Long before, however, the masses have felt the causes and have realized.not merely discovered, the fact. The pena'ty of being the leaders of great masses has, from Whitcield and Wesley to Spurgeon and Talmage, been lo servo, as the target for rimall wits. A constant source of attack on men of such magnitude always has been and will be the presses which, by the common consent of mankind, are described and dis- pensed from all consideration, when they are rated Satanic. Their attacks confirm a man's right to respect and reputation, and are a proof of his influence and greatness. It can be truly said that while secular criticism In f le United States favorably regards our subject in proportion to its intelligence and uprightness, the judgment ol foreigners on him has long been an index to the judgment of pos- terity here. No other American is read so much and so constantly abroad. His extraordinary imagination, earnestness, descriptive powers and humor, his great art in grouping and arrangement, his wonderful mastery of words to illumine and alleviate human condi- tions and to interpret and inspire the harmonics of the better nature, are appreciated by all who can put themselves in sympathy with his originality of xiiethods and his high consecration of purpose. His man- ner mates with his nature, it is each oermon in action. He presses the eyes, hands, his entire body, into the service of the illustrative truth. Gestures are the accompaniment of what he says. As he stands out before the immense throng, without a scrap of notos or manuscript before him,the effect produced can not l)e un -Brstood by those who have never seen it. The solemnity, the tears, the awful hush, as though the audience could not breathe again, are ofttimes painful. His voice is p«culiar,not musical, but prmlactive of startiing,8trong ejects, such as characterize no preacher on either side of t lie Atlantic. His power to grapple an audience and master it from text to perora- tion has no equal. No man .vas ever less self-conscious in his work. He feels a mission of evangelization on him as by the imposition of BIOGRAPHICAL. 11 the Supreme. That mission lie responds to by doing tho duty that is nearest to liim witlj all liis miglit— as confident tliat lie is under the care and order of a Divine Master as those who hear him are that they are under tlie spell of the greatest prose-poet tliat ever made tlie gos- pel his oong and the redemption of the race the passion of his heart The following discourses were taken down by stenographic re- porters aijd revised by the author. On tlie occasion of their delivery the church tm;s thronged beyond description, the streets around blockaded with people so that carriages could not pass, Mr. Talmage himself gaijiug a^lmission only by the help of the police. ■*:^ ^ CHAPTER T. A PERSONAL EXPLORATION IN HAUNTS OF VICE. " When said he unto me, Son of man, dig now in tlie wall ; ant! when 1 had digged in the wall, behold a door. And he said unto me, Go in and behold the wicked abominations that they do here. So I went in and saw ; and behold every form of creeping thing.) and abominable beiist.s."— E^ekiel, viii: b, 9, 10. m '4 IL So this minister of religion, Ezekiel, was commanded to tlie exploration of the sin of his day. He was not to stand outside the door guessing what it was, but was to go in and see for himself. He did not in vision say: "' O Lord, I don't wan't to go in ; I dare not go in ; if I go in 1 might be criticised ; O Lord, please let me of^V* When God told Ezekiel to go in he went in, " and saw, and behold all manner of creeping things and abomin- able beasts." I, as a minister of religion, felt I had a Divine commission to explore the iniquities of our cities. I did not ask counsel of my session, or my Pres- bytery, or of the newspapers, but asking the companion- sliip of three prominent police officials and two of the elders of my church, I unrolled my commission, and it said : " Son of man, dig into the wall ; and when I had digged into the wall, behold a door ; and he said, Go in and see the wicked abominations that are done iiere ; and I went in, and saw, and behold !" Brought up in the country and surrounded by much parental care, I had not until this autumn seen the haunts of iniquity. By the grace of God defended, I had never t 14 NIGHT 8IDK8 OF OITY LIFK. I il ! II sowed any " wild oats." I had somehow been able to tell from various sources something about the iniquities of the great cities, and to preach against them ; but I saw, in the destruction of a great multitude of the peo- ])le, that there must be an infatuation and a temptation that had never been spoken about, and I said, " I 'vill explore." I saw tens of thousands of men going down, and if there had been a spiritual percussion answering to the physical percussion, the whole air would have been lull of the rumble, and roar, and crack, and thunder of the demolition, and this moment, if we should pause in our service, we should hear the crash, crash ! Just as in the sickly season you sometimes hear the bell at the gate of the cemetery ringing almost incessantly, so 1 found that the bell at the gate of the cemetery where lost souls are buried was tolling by day and tolling by night. 1 said, " I will explore." I went as a physician goes into a small-pox hospital, or a fever lazzaretto, to see what practical and useful information 1 might get. That would be a foolish doctor who would stand outside the door of an invalid writing a Latin prescription. When the lecturer in a medical college is done with his lecture he takes the F^tudents into the dissecting room, and he shows them the reality. I am here this morning to report a plague, and to tell you how sin dissects the body, and dissects the mind, and dissects the soul. " Oli !" say you, " are you no.t afraid that in consequence of your exploration of the inquities of the city other persons may make exploration, and do themselves damage ?" I reply: "If, in company with the Commissioner of Police, and the Captain of Police, and the Inspector of Police, and the company of two Christian gentlemen, and not with the spirit of curiosity, but that you may see sin in order the better to cx)mbat it, then, in the name A PKR80NAL EXPLORATION IN IIA-UNTS OF YICK. 16 of the eternal God, go ? But, if not, then stay away. "Wellington, standing in the battle of Waterloo when the bullets were buzzing around his head, saw a civilian on the field. He said to him, " Sir, what are you doing here 'i Be off ?" " Why," replied the civilian, *' there is no more danger here for me than there is for you." Then Wellington flushed np and said, " God and my country demand that I be liere, but you have no errand here." Now I, as an officer in the army of Jesus Christ, went on this exploration, and on to this battle- field. If you bear a like commission, go ; if not, stay away. But you say, " DonH you think that some- how your description of these places will induce people to go and see for themselves ?" I answer, yes, just as much as the description of the yellow fever at Grenada would induce people to go down there and get the pesti- lence. It was told us there were hardly enough people alive to bury the dead, and I am going to tell yon a story in these Sabbath morning sermons of places wher> they are all dead or dying. And I shall not gild iniqui ties. I shall play a dirge and not an anthem, and while I shall not put faintest blusii on fairest cheek, I will kindle the cheeks of many a man into a conflagration, and I will make his eiu-s tingle. But you say, '^ Don't you know that the papers are criticising you for the position you take?" I say, yes ; and do you know how I feel about it ! There is no man who is more indebted to the newspaper press than I am. My business is Uy preach the truth, and the wider the audience the news- paper press gives me, tl:e wider my field is. As the secular and religious press of the United States and the Canadas, and of England and Ireland and Scotland and Australia and New Zealand, are giving me every week nearly three million souls for an audience, I say I am ,1.' ■■. ! . '! I ■ I HI! M-l ill!; I ii • if.! 11 ! i i!!i 16 NIGHT 8IDK8 OF CITY LTFB. indebted to the press, anyhow. Go on I To the day of my death I cannot pay them what I owe them. So slash away, gentlemen. The more the merrier. If there is anything I despise, it is a dull time. Brisk criticism is a coarse Turkish towel, with which every public man needs every day to be rubbed down, in order to keep healthful circulation. Give my love to all the secular and religious editors, and full permission to run their steel pens clear through my sermons, from introduction to application. It was ten o'clock of a calm, clear, star-lighted night when the carriage rolled with us from the bright part of the city down into the region where gambling and crime and death hold high carnival. When I speak of houses of dissipation, I do not refer to one sin, or five sins, but to all sins. As the horses halted, and, escorted by the officers of the law, we went in, we moved into a world of which we were as practically ignorant as though it had swung as far oiF from us as Mercury is from Saturn. No shout of revelry, no guffaw of laughter, but compar- ative silence. Not many signs of death, but the dead were there. As I moved through this place 1 baid, ''This is the home of lost souls." It was a Dante's Inferno; nothing to stir the mirth, but many things to fill the eyes with tears of pity. Ah 1 there were moral corpses. There were corpses on the stairway, corpses in the gallery, corpses in the gardens. Leper met leper, but no bandaged mouth kept back the breath. I felt that I was sitting on the iron coast against v;hich Euroclydon had driven a luindred dismasted hulks — every moment more blackened hulks rolling in. And while I stood and waited for the goin^ down of the storm and the lull of the sea, I bethouglit myself, this is an everlasting storm, and these billows always rage, iiil A PK380NAL EXPLOKATION IN HAUNTS OF VIOK. 11 and on each carcass that strowcd the beach already had alighted a vulture — the lon<^-beaked, filthy vulture of unending dispair — now picking into the corruption, and now on the black wing wiping the blood of a soul I No lark, no robin, no cliafiinch, but vultures, vultures, vul- tures. I was reading of an incident that occurred in Pennsylvania a few weeks ago, where a naturalist had presented to him a deadly serpent, and he put it in a bottle and stood it in his studio, and one evening, while in the studio with Iris daughter, a bat flew in the window, extinguished the light, struck the bottle con- taining the deadly serpent, and in a few moments there was a shriek from the daughter, and in a few hours she was dead. She had been bitten of the serpent. Amid these haunts of death, in that midnight exploration I saw that there were lions and eagles and doves for in- signia; but I thought to myself how inappropriate, Bette the insignia of an adder and a bat. ' First of all, I have to report as a result of this mid- night exploration that all the sacred rhetoric about the costly magnificence of the haunts of iniquity is apocry- phal. We were shown what was called the costliest and most magnificent specimen. I had often heard that the walls were adorned with masterpieces; that the fountains were bewitching in the gaslight; that the music was like the touch of a Thalbergor a Grottschalk; that the uphol- stery was imperial; that the furniture in some places was like the throne-room of the Tulleries. It is all false. Masterpieces! There was not a painting worth $5, leav- ing aside the frame. Great daubs of color that no intelligent mechanic would put oi\ his wall. A cross- breed between a chromo and a splash of poor paint! MusicI Some of the homeliect creatures I ever uaw squawked discord, accompanied by pianos out of tune I 18 NIGUT 8IDE8 OF OITY LIFE. ii !,*|- 1 t ■ ■ 1 i Upholstery? Two characteriatics; red and cheap. You have heard so much about the wonderful lights — blue and green and yellow and orange flashing across the dancers and the gay groups. Seventy-five cents' worth of chemicals would produce all that in one night. Tinsel gewgaws, tawdriness frippery, seemingly much of it bought at a second-hand furniture store and never yjaid for! For the most part^ the inhabitants were repulsive. Here and there a soul on whom God had put the crown of beauty, but nothing comparable with the Christian loveliness and purity which you may see any pleasant afternoon on any of the thoroughfares of our great cities. Young man, you are a stark fool if you go to places of dissipation to see pictures, and hear music, and admire beautiful and gracious countenances. From Thomas's, or Dodworth's, or Gilmore's Band, in ten minutes you will hear more harmony than in a whole year of the racket and bang of the cheap orchestras of the dissolute. Oome to me, and I will give you a letter of introduction to any one of five hundred homes in Brooklyn and New York, where you will see finer pictures and hear more beautiful music— music and pictures compared with which there is nothing worth speaking of in houses of dissi- pation. Sin, however pretentious, is almost always poor. Mirrors, divans, Chickering grand she cannot keep. The sheriff is after it with uplifted mallet, ready for the ven- due. "Going! going! gone! .- ^^ But, my friends, I noticed in all the haunts of dissi- pation that there was an attempt at music, however poor. The door swung open and shut to music; they stepped to music; they danced to music; they attempted nothing without music, and I said to myself, " If such inferior music has such power, and drum, and fife, and orchestra are enlisted in the service of the devil, what multipotent A PEKSONAL EXPLORATION IN IIAUNT8 OP VICI-:. 19 You blue the rorth 'insel 3f it paid ilsive. jrown istian easant cities. ,ce8 of idmire as' 8, or ou will racket Oome jtion to id New ir more which dissi- y& poor. 3p. The he ven- of dissi- er poor, epped to nothing inferior rchestra tipotent power there must bo in music ! and is it not high time that in all our churches and reform associations we tested how much ciiarm there is in it to bring men off the wrong road to tlie rigiit road?" Fifty times tliat night I said within myself, " If poor music is so power- ful in a bad direction, why cannot good music be ahnost omnij)otent in a good direction?" Oh! my friends, we want to drive men into tlic kingdom of God with a mus- ical staff. We want to shut off the path of death witli a musical bar. We want to snatch all the musical instru- ments from the service of the devil, and with organ, and cornet, and base viol, anu piano and orchestra praise the Lord. Good Ricliard Cecil when seated in the pulpit, said that when Doctor Wargan was at the organ, he, Mr. Cecil, was so overpowered with the music that he found himself looking for the first chapter of Isaiah in the prayer book, wondering he could not find it. Oh I holy bewilderment. Let us send such men as Phillip Phillips, the Christian vocalist, all around the world, and Arbuckle, the cornest, with his " Robin Adair '* set to Christian melody, and George Morgan with his Ilallelu- ah Chorus, and ten thousand Christian men with up- lifted hosannas to capture this whole earth for God. Oh! my fi lends, we have had enough minor strains in the church; give us major strains. We have had enough dead marches in the church; play us those tunes which are played when an army is on a dead run to overtake an enemy. Give us the double-quick. We are in full gallop of cavalry charge. Forward, the whole line! Many a man who is unmoved by Christian argument surrenders to a Christian song. Many a man under the power of Christian music has had a change take place in his soul and in his life equal to that which took place in the life of a man in Scot- er til II u ! 20 NIGHT 8II)K8 OF CITY LIFK. ' V' ij H i! i; i ii ■!■ t . '; ' Mill VJ'" il i land, who -for fifteen vears had been a drunkard. Com- ing homo late at ni^ht, as he touched the doorsill, his wife trembled at liis coming. Telling the story after- ward, she said, "I didn't dare go to bed lest he violently drag me forth. When he came home there was only about the half inch of the candle left in the socket. When he entered, he said: 'Where are the children?* and I said, *They are up stairs. in bed.' He said, 'Go and fetch them,' and I went up and I knelt down and I prayed God to defend me and my children from their cruel father. And then I brought them down. He took up the eldest in his arms and kissed her and said, 'My dear lass, the Lord hath sent thee a father home to- night.' And so he did with the second, and then he took up the third of the children and said, 'My dear boy, the Lord hath sent thee home a father to-night.' And then he took up the babe and said, 'My darling babe, the Lord hath sent thee home a father to-night.' And then he put his arm around me and kissed me, and said, 'My dear lass, the Lord hath sent thee home a husband to-night.' Why, sir, I had na' heard anything like that for fourteen years. And he prayed and he was com- forted, and my soul was restored, for 1 didn't live as I ought to have lived, close to God. My trouble had broken me down." Oh! for such a transformation in some of the homes of Brooklyn to-day. By holy con- spiracy, in the last song of the morning, let us sweep every prodigal into the kingdom of our God. Oh I ye chanters above Bethlehem, come and hover this morning and give us a snatch of the old tune about "good will to men." But I have, also to report of that midnight ex- ploration, that I saw something that amazed me more than I can tell. I do not want to tell it, for it will A PEE80NAL KXl'LOKATION IN UAUNT8 OK VICE. 21 lom- , his fter- jntly only cket. ren?* , 'Go and 1 their , He I said, ne to- en he ir boy, And be, the d then d, ^My usband ke that 8 com- 7Q as I )le had tion in ly con- j sweep Oh! ye lorningj will to |ght ex- \Q more it will