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New York 1 4609 USA ^B (716) 482 - 0300 - Phon« ^B (716) 288 ' S989 - Fan DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DAIEY AND COLD STORAGE BBANCH OTTAWA, rvXADA TRIAL SHIPMENTS OF PEACHES IN 1J>10 J. A. RUDDICK AND W. W. MOORE A yard of Elliprta |»-;kIi.-.s. «ULLETIN N . 27 DAIRY A^I) COLD STORAGE SERIES pblished by direction of the Hon. SYjNEY A FHiHFB m- • . , . . un. oTjiNCY «. FISHER, Minrster of Aflriculture, 22<;-l MARCH, 1911 Ottawa, Ont. '■ Jl N'Ji' ^ 'i COKTEVT8. Kflor,, .„..,e by d.,«.rt,u,n, to .„..„.,„«.. ...,«., ..r ,.„.,e, UuiU ^T K....on-. for departiiMntal NhipMiwiN in J9I0 .ealized. ^hippi..^ ..xpei^e^and i^et'rrturnJ! '" I'uckiiK.'s 1" I'arki.iK 17 <■"-» "f pa.kaKHK a..d pa.ki.ii; .nat.nal '" Maturity at picki.iB -- I'rf-t'ixili..^ M Mt.r.. rep«..,s. 4... receive.! fro... ,J..e„tBri..un'. ..'"..''."..'." " Wri^tol, Birini.iKhn..i and Cardiff '^ London 21--'K I-ivtrpooI, Leeo«- ■" • iiiicriil <(>nrIu!.io.is •'•'' :« ADDENDA. The S(,iith .Mriran expor, ,„|j, UvKi- increase in peach >hipinent« *" F.H«lt rate fro.n Cape Town to So„tha.„pto«.. .. .. ' ^^ •-<-.s f,.o.n report of South African Trades CoM,.ni.sio.u'r.' London ^ [[ [[ "' [[ [[ " ^ ILLUSTRATIONS. * y^'i'l of Klhcta j>eachcs ^';;'M.. l. .showing c.pty ca.e and two styles of pack ' ," ' -'. Showint? labels on end^ of ca>e '** ■■<■ Showing n.anner in which peaches wc-e packed f.,r ...cyan^; froin orchard "' to packing house t. Showing three ca.es „f ..caches crated for ship.ne.it „ ■-'■ A truck load of peaches .eady for loading in .efrigerator ca... .. .. '. '' .'." 33 -'-'ti— 1] LKTTKUOFTKANSMH TAL T .1 tr .. Ottawa, 0\T., Afiir.h 1. iftil. 1" the ilonourablc TIh' Minister of Agriculture Sm,_I have the honour to M.hn.it a report on the Trial Shipn.ents of Peaches mH.?.. l.y th,. hranch of your department, an.l hy your .lire.tion. to the markets of limit Hritam during the season of IftlO. In view of the sueces.s „f these shipn.ent.. it would see.n to l« de.irahle that the .nforniflt.on obtaine|Mirtiiit'iit iiiitilc triiil .1 '11 '• ti'iith-r fruit-, i.f vvliid (it'iil i)t' valiiiililv iiifi>riiiiit I OVIT l,|IN> lii|.iiM-iit- to (iniir itritiiiit ..f nlH.iit T.tM»)> "H'« wiTf iHiM-li,... A* It ri'.iilt. I) ^.mmI III til.' |N'i'.-h iN'lt. DtiriiiK tin ii>ii WH. ol.tiiiiu.,! mill |ila I U f..r.. tli,. .| nf Mi.lir .piiit* t.. (Jr.-.it Urit.iin. tin- •! I'li't tlin-c .voar«. "' jiiT' ami uriivvrr'i ill 'tnliT til ciiriiiinitri' tlif iliiiunriii •III till- itt'iiiii..r» mill Kiiiiriiiifc-.| tin L'hr I It'luirtiiioiit hut rcTrvi'il .hI.I .t..riii{.. i'|iiiiiil;< <••'" '"' "* iniii.H|iit..| iiii'l litivi- their » iiriiiiijt- tli.rr..ii .,, thiit -hi|i|N-r. .it 4||lllll til.' r.uiiliir nit.'v With th<- >iiii il niit ••iirrir.l nt ii |ir.i|H'r t iNriitiir.- iin.l nt '"' ill view the .Irliiirtini-lit ill • I 1 ■\fi\ til |iii.\ till .in. I iiir^... ,.,. t.i *.-. ,H.r .-..r. .... .,11 .hi,„n..,.t. .,f ....rl.v I.., .,,..1 ......h-r f ■|| lit Moiitrnil f.ir iir. hiiriiiK the pn-t ( I'X (■' vjiri'iii, piirt" .if Kur.i|H' f |inrt ill ...l.l ,t..rii|rf fr.uii AiiKii-t 1 t-. <).f.il,,.r I mill Lit- iif |H'ii.-li(.*. jrrtiiM-, ft... htivi- I 'iiir yt'iir- ir cxhiliifidn puriii nut* ill iii.'li MH'M :<«'Mt ICr*. til.' IHtinll ,,f till- .l.'l.lirtlllfllt ill tl ■■ni<\ ixiir-. it liii.l II.. iipprcinhlc vf, ■tiiiii'ii wiis pretty tfeii.'riill.v h.-M t'uit it kith iii.i.t .•x.fl|..iit r.«iiit«. Whil. r.-|MMt. -tiiiinliit.'.l til.- .hipiiient »f cjirlv i I I'f .III pinch Mhipiiieiiti. f.ir tl r.rit nil .III II c-oiiiiiierciiil M-uU' himI hitiil tl Owiiijr t.i this iipparciit .li-iiii<-liiiat I'l' If riii«ii|i that the wa-* ii.it I ..il.l,. t.i •'hip our iM'iieluM t.i (ireiit leiii ill »i:< III e.iiir th pr.i|K'r .letfree of Vw trial •.hipineiits in 1!)|o in order t lo market, it -.■.•ine.! a.lvi-al.le t|,,,t I proeiire aeeiirat.' pmkiiij:. projcr temperatures ili ma tiirity at piekiii»r tim.-. the U-m i,„.th.,.| ,,f iiiiii.r iieaehes in Ontario has I iriiiK transportation, et iirp iiiii.le hy private iii.livi.liial flu- Jfelleral imlilie. Iieeii rapiilly in.ren-imr s .ir firms ,ueli informatioi e.. es|N'eially as tl in recent years. he acr.^iiirc iipm.Mt' If si Til i'xtensi..n of marki'ts f.ir farm pr.i.li t" tlif l)air>- ami Cold St r the earjr.i ins|K-ct oraire Hranch «if the depnrfment un.l I is n.it rea.lily avaihilih i' <" f the ehi .f iliitit t..r thf "irs at .Montreal an. I at ports in < its .ir)raiii/''tion. Ireat Hriti If i.r.l .-ar s,.rviees aii.l th.' s,K.<-ialIy n-served refrigerator cli.iml ii.ii. ilomr u ruriiiit. of sneh work heiiiK midert'ik "fli.r (liitic VMiii-Ut nn.l tl i"i wirh little extra ox| lers . Il III.- -leaniors. II appr.ipriation was secure.l f..r the i le preliminary arrannement- M'lise .ir inter' i)iirp.ist liirin^r tin <-e ivith sion .if flic St. Catharin.s CiM St.ira vcre c.miplet.'.l e.nii\ ir.l •Tun. iiriiM t.i tl- local iifrrce.l t.i furnish the iK'a.-hes and pack tl mi' aii.l I-orwar.lintr Conipany. Limit.-.l. St. Cath market jiricc phis the cost of th- nil *lliiul( Il i-tood that if the net returns w ■m as dirc.-te.l, for a iru ill araiitcc ei|ual le special packing an.l packaire. It I ff" to the prr.iwers ■ere more than the amount jrii wa^ in as this atrr. larantceil. the exci T. 'I'M 'niit hrokers in ( ireat liritain and th cmeiit was rea. ■he.l. sonic o f tl iv.i|"'ol. London. Bristol ami (Jli eartfo inspectors for the d le prin lepartmont at ifc'ow. were a.lvise.l that trial shipments of pcad woiiM I„. nia.le l.y the department in SoptemUT an.l O.tol •lies f'T fill) inf ormation as to th.' .iiiantity which it woiiM he advisahl ler. an.l thi-y vvcrc asked nil, mr is a copy of a letter aded fniiii Montreal. 1910. Ship|>er. Market. I Sept. 1.-. . . . Dept. Agnculture, Ottiiwa \\rUu,\ , "„ " " Cardiff via i{ri.sti>l. i " " Hiriniiiirlmiu , Tutal for BriHtol and district. . . Xo. ■*>in^'Ie Layer t'ases. •-'4 Total Xllllll)).! Cases •■ I'i-... I Dept.. \^'ricnlture, Ottawa LiveriK»,l -j "„ " " J-^*"''" ^ia Liveri)ooi. . ..,..'.' \., j " " '"""cliester via Liver|)ool ... I Tutal for Liver|K)oI and di>trict 12 •■ 17.... Dept. -Vgriculture, Ottawa (Ilas^ow. " London Total for 1st Week. 93 150 417 -'"'/ Wick. ; ■•<*'P:. :.M. . . Dept. .VKricultur.., Ottawa XivenHXil Leeds via Liver|MMil ........ Manchester via Liver|HHil , . Total for Liver|MK>l and district. ( rl.-».sl London . 24. . . . Dept. Agricnitnre, Ottawa OUsgow. iidoi 1()2 24 24 \m 177 ;i42 Total for 2nd Week.... Jril 11'/, X. ••^Pt. 30 ...Dept. AKricultiue. Ottawa. . . , London ^ ia Liverpool. I Total quantity sliipjied ecu las 1,2.S4 Temperature of Peaches in Transit to. and at. Montreal. All the peaehes shippe.l l,.v the ,lepartn,ent were earried to .Montreal i,v refri^.T- -'1 hy express. 1 1,, ,„.,,,u.s i„ this lot were at a te.nporature of m .le.^rees -loaded at .^^ontreal. In the three sul.se,nent shipn.ents b, refrigerator ears. i" I'TT^''^ T; '•"'•'•-''• the tetnperature in the first two ears dnrin« tranMt o Montreal ranged from 50 degrees at the start to 44 decrees when the ears t;;; :; ft :;"' ■"" t 'T' -'- '"^'" "^ " '' •>---• ^"'^ --^^ ^-^ --- whi , , . ?'. r '"* ^'^f"'^-"*'"- -•• -- U '''■"'•-•s. for those peaehes -".1; !.nd heen pre-eooled before ship.nent and .77, ileor.es f.r tho.se paeked the dav ^'f ^l.,p„,ent and load..,! without pre-eoolin,. Tn the seeond ear the Ira. m eT- k i 11 ■5 ■ -■ f i B a 12 ature of the peaches waa 50 degrees and in the third car 45 degrees. The expreis shipment left St. Catharines on Tuesday at noon and was delivered to the steamer at Montreal about noon the following day. In each case the re- frigerator car left St. Catharines on Wednesday about 6.30 p.m., arrived at Point St. Charles, Montreal, before 7.00 o'clock, Friday morning, and was placed alonside the steamship aheds on the dock about 2.00 p.m. All the peaches were reported as in firm condition at Montreal. It will thus be seen that the express service was about twenty-four hours fnster than the freight but that the peaches carried in the refrigerator cars were at a much lower and better temperature than the others. Should there be any delay en route, peaches will not receive any damage in a well iced car, whereas, if they arc currieached in shipment to r.rea"BritaIn Our instructions to the steamship companies were to carry peaches at a ten^n ture of from .34 to 36 degrees, with a gradual rise to .5 degr Jd'ulg e las^ZyTf he oyage in order to prevent sweating or the condensation of moisture on he eoW fruit when removed from the refrigerators and PTnn«»^ ♦ Thermograph records in the steamfrs tnUlo Z fn. laUrid B^orw '•^• satisfactory, but in the case of the three Liverpool boats, i; which Tur dlfrtmentrT s .P...ents of peaches, through a misunde.tanding. no rise in teZ 1":: r^d at the end of the voyage, the peaches being removed from a temperature of 3^2 to a temperature of 60 degrees, and while our inspector reportedTha the LslCl ande in good condition, they did not appear tolnd up as well thos^ hinJT it * I .!M-~^\ iff if* 14 Mkmokandi M ^hnwiiifr nuniher of days from port to port tuken by stennu'rs i'urr.\iii>r Canadian Peaches, soason 1010. and extra time until diseliarKc in the ease of tliust which arrived in port Saturday or Sunday. (STATEMENT Xo. 2.) Steamer. Date sailed from Montreal. l>atf of iirrival at iKtrt in Great Britain. Liver|«)ol : — Megantic Douiiniiin Laurentic j n Bristol :— i Royal Edward Sept. Koyal George London : — Tortona Hurona I )evona Cervona Oct. Caimronn ' „ lona ; I, Glospfow : — He8|ierian Sept. Ionian .. Grampian Oct. ;Sept. Sept. 16... 24.. Saturday, Sept. 24 . Monday' 0< t. S. . . . .Saturday, ( )ct' ». . . 1.5. 2!». 10... 17... 24... 1... 8 .. 15... Thui-sday, Sept. 22. Oct. a .. Tuewlay, Sept. 20 . Thurwlay, Sept. 2!t. Friday, ()ct. T Saturday, Oct. 1.5. . . ., 22 .. ,. 2i»... IT. 24. 1. Sunday, Sept. 25.. . .- ■ Oct. 2.... H 9 If - e - J = 1 -H Xo. >^- of days on voyage. 2 3! ■5^ f /' "Z u: y. « 2 10 9 1 10 » 2 1" i » . 7 ( 10 10 12 12 13 Hi 14 2 It; 14 2 ID 14 2 iti « 1 r ss. Laurentic which left Montreal on September 30, arrived at Liverpool Satimla.v. October S, and discliargred the peaches ilonday morning, October 10. The peaciu- lift Liveri>ool by refrigerator car at 7 p.m. same day and were delivered in London nt 7 a.m. the following morning. October 11, or within eleven days from the time tbty lift Montreal. These peaches were all sold by October 14. Average Time between Shipping Point and Fort of Destination. The average time in transportation between the shipping points in the Nijfian: district and the port of destination in Great Britain by fast freight to Mnntrwl and above ocean steamships was as follows: — LiveriMiol, .T shipments — Average time, 11 days. Bristol, 2 " " " 10 " London, Glasgf)w, Pt Ifi 11 The general average for the 14 shipments was 12-8 days.* Markets and Prices Realized. As is indicated in Statement No. 1. the peaches shipped by this department worn to the ports of Liverpool, London, Glasgow and Bristol. The two Liverpool sliipnient- *Thp averngp time between Grimsby, Ont., and the ports of Liverpool, London and GlasKOw for the shipments made by this department in 1897 was 19-9 days. ,\ sav^nu ol seven days in time is a noteworthy improvement in our transportation facilities iu thiitei'ii rears. 16 were each divide*! bftwecii tliat iiinrkpt T^.i i ^, wise .erved three markets viz uZoI ( r^ -^Iancl.o.tor. TJu- Brist.-l lot like- made that it would beLZf u^. «.rmi„glu,n.. The dui.n ha. been .Hipped to I^ndot^alTd dtruir^l' Zr^'ZT ""•"^^' ^''t "' "•^'-'^^^' London is undoubtedly the best n^arlroZ^^^^^ '""■■'"^' '"^ "'"''' fruit intended for sale in Liver..nnl /• T ' '^ ""* *"•"' '^""""""I'l^ that «nd after a delay of onloi"^ T "'/''"T" ^'""'^ *^"' '"-' *'^'^--"'-' ^*' Lond..n Muhiehhave aid-;: !«: rslf m" ' T"'"^" '*' '"'' *^' ''^''' '^"'^ '•"»»' -.1.1 ^K> a heavyTtem r r:^^^ The extra eo.t ..f .hipping by rail I!- -ases fro.n Liverll to f. ""''"'""" " '""^^ .- ease t.. .hi;. .-.nt per ease of t 'fti.h; f! M '" 7 '"''' ""^- '" -»'"■" '-'^ " i" transit. As is .1 1 """\/""' ''"' """"••^""' "-ti-» -f time -i..e„.s,owe th ri.:^;r;ir- ' 1^;^^^ " ^""^ ^'— '-'-'-" ^Lippod via London won npZ"::. ^^ ^ 7'"? '" ''^'^*"'- "'"' '^'""'- pool or 01..0W as -npared \viM. ^J^^ni:,::' rint^;, ;:;-•';;''- ^'-'- '---He san.e.;LnLi:': ^^utS- ;:!: ^" -" '^ - •>- -- ••..nlitf nnule the highest p i -e vi. I r .t " """' '"''' ""''"'• ""^ '"'■"""■••• -e t. hi.hest aU: •:; :;:;;:;iit:i ;:; ::: ;:;:; -r:;; ; 'r ' ■ L.iul,.., for !»4 cents p.T ..ase. •>4 ease- - o t-ei-AM^inK nx so tfiT.-r is M SB "J to i- "f J1 lb O "I" SS 'f "stno aa J 8a8jvq3An.H[!vy 3 '•Mi«3 jaj I a9Ap« JO 5803 I '3^ 'XjaAI|ap JO; I •IX ioia «9ii: •to- OS 9)0 5> .2 99 > oo S3S oS 1^ ^N CQ »^ or « J k J S * s I 'JS - - - - J5 - - § 2 .S T* l-sg I s ■•g WosQ * * • J S • " s a g B J ^ m3> '3 « J ^ "ffl III .s|-- _"« » « > e X d X "3 ;^ -* upwada for 18 or 20 peaches, it „.eans a r all pr ee of "T„ 'ir . '° '"' 'u ""' this price sales are necessarily slow and Z rA ! '^"*' **' "''""''• ^^* in an attempt to get their m n ^ " ,HI ^olf th'" 'T' ^'T °' ^'" '^*"''"^ and they lose money on the trTnsactior Wh '''.V'^f «^ *°° ^«"«' ^J-^^ «et. in Leconie prejudiced against On nldu **"' '""^P*"' ^''^'^ »"'""•">' ^^ill a„oth..rUatan7rcr rfrr;""^"' "'■" ""* """^ *" ''""^'^ then, quiokly at a fair price ,d .it hM''; '" ''"" ''"' ''"''"^ ^•'''" ^''^ P«-'- at a reasonable profit thai To ,.Ie 7 t •" '''"'^^ ^-^ '•^'"•^•' «^ ^'^^^ "P''"^ until thcv lose their flavour ad be " ''"'' '" ''" '""'•'^''' ""*^ '" ^'^ «hops following excerpt f r L F u t t.^erT\ V^'l u x'*^" '" ''''' ''°""^''»-" »•- Octolcr S, ,910 ,-s to the poini:- ^'*''"' ^"'^^' •'""'""'' J-"*^-'- *'«ted of th^ot wrt\Sti'rm"'llrr"^" -"' *"-" "^^ ^« ^'^ -^^^ation of 20's selling at 5s. to 6s 6d^r tTtt 'TTJT''i '' "«^ J"«- I" »'oxe. of fruiterers It w I be wit Tf thot bf n "^ ^ be handled by the majority higher prices than wi 1 malTe this fruit Jlf 'J*' consignments do not ain. at are up to 24s. per doL this wik 7t d^l freely for although English peaches i. worth more than is liing ask^d for ft and t -^ H'' *^" ^""«'^'"" "'icle to spoil the market, for it^must be r Lmt^X ^t^r'"/"' '''''.'"''>' ''^ that can handle peaches nor will LZ Tlh^T u • 1 "''* ^''^^^ fruiterer better acquainted with the nualitv and cnndTt' ^^T^*' ""*" they Iwome course. ve.y few shops cLx ird^VaeL that cost1w^b•^•^ ^^ ...but .threepence or fourpen^ e.^: t^Jt^ £SZZ: ft Packages. Fij?ure 1 shows the case which was used for th... shipments. The dimensions .ns.de measurement, are as follows: length. 18 inches; width. 11 inches; depth.Tj' Empty, the case weighed 3 pounds and packed, 9 pounds the oltid? ^'^'^ ""^ '"""'' °' '"' """" "' ""'^' "^ ^""'^^ l-^"^»^ ^^•'^•^' Pl«»ed on The end pieces are ft of an inch thick, planed on one side inch whlJ^'Tr* T "T "^ *'' *'" ""'^ ''"°™ "^ ^ '' ""^ ^'^'^h thick and J of an -neh u de. These keep the cases apart when placed one on top of the other and thu I Mr il i i 11 « f 18 Thi' sides, tops anil bottoins art- each i-im-h iiarrowrr than th«' insidr - iiaokxd fur conveyance froui orchard to I lacking hoiiite. Special instructions must be given the pickers regarding the method of piic-kiuj; the fruit for conveyance from the orchard to the packing house. We got the best rp -s by using the eleven quart basket and puttinjf only two layers of peaches in it, trith a lining of excelsior on the bottom and between the two layers of fruit (^ figure 3). By this method the peaches were below the edge of the basket and the latter could be stacked without any harm resulting. One grower sent in basket- with three layers of peaches, with the result that most of the fruit was bruised and could not be used. Another utilized a large crate such as is used for vegetables, but the lower layers were all damaged by the pressure of the fruit abov tl ; ,1 Fiff. 4.-ShowinK thiv.- i-a*« „f ,«,uh- cn»t«l f„r Hl,i,.i....„t. For convenience m handling, to save expense on the other side and tc, prevent pilferage three cases were crated together by means of four battens two of which were tacked at each end (see figure 4). This made an attractive J c^ wh Ih wat eas,ly handled and called forth words of warm approval all along the linelom rlu way and steamship employees and from the brokers in Great Britain 1} Cort «f PMkftffM Md PMkiBff Material. The cai€« cost 5 conta each delivered at 8t. Catharines in knock-down, and it ♦wt alwut li renta a case to put them together, making a total coat of 6) cent* eaih. The wo<.d wool coat about 5 cent* per pound delivered at the packing houte. In order to get delivery in time it waa neceHary to ship it by expreaa, which account! ^or the high cost. If ahipped by freight the co»t would be leatened oontiderab];. About eight ounces wore u«e«l in picking each case so that the cost of this material amounted to 2i cents a case. The printc*! tiosue wrappers which were used would cost about 1 cent per case. The total cost of the package and packing materisl. therefore, was 10 cents a case. Maturity at Pieking . The degree i>f maturity at which peaches for export should be picked is ol pri- mary importance, but it is impcjssible to lay down any hard and fast rule on thii point. Both experience and good judgment are needed to determine the proper tiiiw to pick the fruit, su that it will posj ^s flavour, size and colour, and yet be firm enough to carry safely until it reaches the consumer in Ureat Britain— a period of from two ind a half to three and a half weeks. Tn deciding this question, conaideration should be given to the following faitor.<: (1) whether the fruit is a «. ick or slow ripening vuriety, (2) the weather conditioni in res,..H.t to temperature and humidity, (.3) the time which may elapse between picking and loading into cars, (4) wliether the fruit will be cooled before shipment or not, and (6) the number of days the fruit will be in transit. If penches are picked while they are green and hard, they will be flavourless and unattractive when placed on aale in Great Britain and, as a consequence, will not sell at a profitable figure, no matter how sound th^y may be. On the other hand, if p.cking is delpye'K\^r- ience has been acquired in shipping to distnnt markets, the eye can be relied upon almost entirely to judpe tiie degree of maturity and the danger of injuring the fruit by inexpert handling will thus be lesse" 'd. The more mature the fruit, the great, r the carp required in r'<"king and packing, the more urgent the need of quick coolin? nt the shipping point and of rapid transit to market under n controlled temperntnrp. Pre-cooling. It is very important that peaches, in common with other tender varieties of ft uit, shoidd be cooled as quickly as possible after they are picked. As the St. Catbn^inM Cold Storage and Forwarding Company, who packed the peaches for these shipments. have cold storage in connection with their packing house, it was possible to cool about one-half of each shipment to about 40 degrees before loading them into the car. As .IH. ...h..r h..lf w..„. only r.K.iv...l fr..,.. .ho ..nhar-l on ,l.c .l.,v of .hi.MM...,. .I.v w.-rc .„.. of „ .... ,0 .loKn.- w«, f..u...i i.,w...... .,... ,.....„.., „..., .:.,,:, ot ,.r ..4 .I..Kn.-*. (),... „.lv.,n,..K.. o. „„ ,i„^ u-f-.r.- .hi,.,„.„t m-l tia- .• n,...n,..„t ""'""*:' ' "' "• " •""-" " "- 1'"' ^".it i- ..i.k..,i. i. , I..! :i '""•^' '^' """"■•^' "• "^^ ' """"■•• ""• tr... .....I .1.,.. i,,.,.,.,. i„ , vo r u .1 up|w nrillllt'. ' lUMour iiiiu Vig. 5.-A tnick Ioa.1 of pe:ich.-H nady for l,„,.|i„^ i„ ivfri>r.„,t..r .ar. Letters. Reports. Ac, received from Gre<>* Britain. illllSTDI,, lllCMIsciiAM AMI ( AKDIFK. liristol. 50 c-a.es; Bir.nin^iuun. i'4 .-as.s; ("anliff. ■>:, .-ast-s. V«rietv, Karlv Caw- t"M Sluppcl from Montreal Septemher I",; Inn.lo.l af Avonnioutl. Septernl.cr ■>-^ From Captain If. E. Shnllis. Carpo Inspector for Cana.lia.. Department of Wi- eiiltiirc at Bristol, dated September 2S. 191(1:— I ani please,! to report that this sln-p.nent was h.nded here in very ;;ood con ;■•"•,? *">. total of 00 boxes (or travs as they are tern,;.! here) 50 w^r^ rrr rV :f •'• '•' ''"' ""." "^ ^'•'"•'"*^ ""-^ ^^ to Birmingham! am vere o>patehed to the.r resr>eet,ve destinations without delay. Of the Bristol lot ^._ ha,l some boxes on show at the offic-es of the Bristol Frnit Brokers, with whom 1 l.nd arranged for the.r d,.po-aI. The frnu was found to be fim. hard a S^ M green on arrival, though some were showing signs of colour, and the first opinions expressed by those connected with the trade was that the fruit was somewhat disappointing, being small in size and not sufficiently rounded in shape com- pared with our house-gro'vn fruit, but as the fruit ripened, very favourable opinions have been expressed as to the colour and quality. The boxes contained each 23 peachee. but there were two boxes of 20 only, these peaches were much superior in every respect as regards size, colour and fleshiness, and more the class of fruit which would find ready acceptance with the public. The packinf? left nothing to be desired. The temperature kept on board the ship througliout the passage ranged from 34 to 36 degrees until the last day when it was allowed to rise to 50 degrees and slightly over. One box arrived in bad condition, the fruit being soft, spotty and wusty. and sinL'e we have come across several showing waste, in fact, the last reports we have from the dealers who have handled the fruit showed 8 to 10 goitijr off in each box. Prices.— The day following the arrival of the fruit 28 boxes were sold at Gs. per box, but, owing a great deal to the unripe condition, the others did not go off till yesterday, but as I have mentioned above, the fruit on obtaining more maturity showed the waste referred to, with the result that a lower price of 4<. per box had to be taken to effect its sale, fearing further deterioration. In all we had to lose eight boxes in re-packing to make others sound, for the slightest spot or blemish rendered the fruit unsaleable. From various opinions before me I may say that the merchants are very favourably impressed and would welcome a large trade in this line, and trust that this may lead to further developments in all classes of fruit from Canada. for with the facilities of carrying in cold storage now available to this port, a good opening affords itself. From the Bristol Fruit Brokers. Ltd., Bristol, dated September 26, 1910:— Through our mutual friend Captain Shallis. the inspector of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, we were favoured with the handling of the first experi- mental shipment of Canadian peaches to this market, and we beg to submit our opinion of the out-turn of same as regards quality, condition, packing, etc. Condition.— The condition, on arrival, must be considered satisfactory especially so from the shippers' standpoint, whose aim and object is to have the fruit land at the point of destination in such a condition as not to necessitate a forced sale. It may be said, therefore, that from the shippers' standpoint the consignment ex. Royal Edward arrived in perfect condition, that is to say iti a somewhat immature state, shippers having erred on the right side in packinp the fruit in such a condition as to ensure its arriving here in ^ hard state which of course is advisable. On the other hand, however, this had the effect of'takini; away from the attractiveness of the fruit, and, whatever one's patriotic feelings, same could not be described as pleasant to the eye. Quality.— This shipment consisted of 23 fruits, and they were small h„t for some reason amongst this shipment we discovered 2 travs of 20 fruits whi^li by a singular coincidence, opened up fully ripe, of a most lovely colour and ■. l.olJ and attractive appearance. The peaches had, however, in manv instances ^t rted to decay. We mention this point more to emphasize the vast amount ^f difference in the appeal ance of the fruit, both as regards size and qualitv of the 20\ frmt «:- compared with that packed under the 23's, and we are of opinion that f-ture shipments to show a good result to the shipper, and give satisfaction to the public, should consist of fruits of the size of those packed under the «>0's ni I we 25 .•lassJ:^TS.^,2;;^-^ Sf- ;'-^ t^e prospect, of sale for this .u, other ndvised to ship vour rnsigm ent o'ir ' ""•' "*^ '^T^ ^'"" '""■'' '«'" '^vell -nrket only. sLh market can oX' dUtrlt'e" irw%r'''*^ " -'""^ *''"" ^" "'"■ sequence being that buyers outskh. th! « " . '* "^'J'"" « '^^^''t""' "r'a. the c-on- l.".ving it, as the rail carrTag, a^ % k of 1 "'' ^-"'^ ""*• '''•"' """"'•tunity of very consi.lorablv to buyers o^ti, I "".^ '^''"'''^^ >" ^raasit cuhane.s the cost in one of the lead ng ^0^^ H.f tV^l "'"'• ""'^ '''^"^'' '"" ''"^ '»>' "" "t-'«^ ness of Canadian i^uit exlrti^ i^ t^^ V''' "'""'*"''" *'"" '*" ^'"'^ ''-- dealt with at Covent C aTn "« ^re -t'o'Th' " "•'""."*• ,"" ''"''^"''^ '""^' ''•- :^;Lrrir;eS;';^;iE™^^^ n;^o:^:::taBi^i^?r^^ the Wesfof Eng,rd\t Altlt: "T "''*""'f' "T °^ <^-tribution. vi^.. all also the South Wales district wLt^h ""'*•' ««. IBir.ninghan, Leicester, as tion. districts, which comprise an enormous consuming popula- wide'^LSrjfCl^t alrt ^trS'T- -f"^— these peaches to a ve.. in the handling and carriage of such .Uinlt" f -^ "ff^'^-^^-eptional advantages We can confidently recomn^^n^the shipmrn of Scvh"' ,"""'' "''""'"'• Since writing the foregoing, we have heard from sevcril of thn l„ t vt' -J » < frn.u Messrs. Powell. Harvey & Co.. Bristol, ,lated Septo.nbor 29, 1910:- In our opinion the fruit would have been much better if it had boon packed .ttle riper as we noticed n several boxes opened a good deal cf dry rot ihoud the peaches were quite hard. If the fruit ha and rommerce, which may be of some interest also. (The following report by ilr. ifackinnon was published in the Weekly Rejiort i uiiL'lit be made by the side or an,irle of basket or box; in fact, the only brui-e- noticeable were such as appear to have been caused by undue pressure again?! the twig in the act of pulling off the fruit. Such marks, however, though pener- 87 twig iteelt had been. It is therefore possible that in some cases at least this bru.se has .,r.,M,.ate.l b.v the fruit bein^ s.-t d.nvn rather roughly ,.u tb, ten e i.T In other eases, however, the injury is rather a break than a bruise, and has frat".^ been eaused in the act of snapping off the fruit in such a wW It a pom where he stem was detached. The loose flap thus formed could be dis- t net ly seen m the nudst of the rott^nl portion. It is probably in.possibl. to sbipinent "'^"''' '*""^ ^''*''''"' ''"* ^^'''^' ''"'"''^ *''^" '"^ •^»""*"' *'"'" ^^'e 'What is calle,! " incipient rot" may or may not have been discovered when the fnnt was shipped; ,f not. there is of course no help for it. but if on minute examination a spot is visible from which decay might be expected to radiate, the peach should be d.scarde,). A case was exan.ined .-ontainiMK' ten, nmre or less. Jmaged peaches. a„,l ,t is reported that the nun.ber amounte.l sonu-times to V2, though on the other hand some cases showe .l.lv. b,.w,.ver ( anadian horticultural experts can indicate exactly the oriirin of tJii* rot and pnint out a remedy, sinee it woul.l probably make itself evi.lent in similar lots of fruit cold-stored in Canada. ' I'fl'-'V/jV.v.— Tlie government shi,,„„Mit appears to have been confined to the early Lrawford, hut a private exporter has sent to Birmingham one case of trawfords and one of Fitzgeralds. The latter variety seems to have stood the journey very much l)etter than the former, assuming that conditions were exactlv similar at time of shipment. Only one or two specimens out of the case contain- ing 64 peaches showed signs of damage or rot, while amongst the Crawford* the waste was much more considerable. On the other hand the Crawfords had preserved much more of their natural flavour, and were on the whole of .o better sue for sale in the English markets. ' Prtres.—Tho 2.3 peach cases were selling in Cardiff at Os. and the fruit (which was prominently displayed and advertised by sbowcards calling attention t(i tlie fact that they were the first direct shipment of Canadian peaches to Cardiff) sold retail at 6d. each, including even damaged specimens. Whether that price could be maintained is questionable, and there is no dnubt Canadian Miippers ought to be able to make a profit while allowing the consumer here to purchase at from HA. to 4<1. per jieacli. 'In Birmingham the price realized at market was .''.s. per case, and the Mail price 4d. each. The trade here pointed out that as this fruit is necessarily inferior to the best English hothouse varieties, it cannot conifiete with the latter as choice dessert fruit, and that consequently it is better to fix the price from the beginning at a reasonable figure which will allow a continuous supply l)eing roadilv marketed hereafter. These peaches arrive just when the English "peaches are disappearing, and should therefore find a ready sale at the price indicated. It IS evident, of eourse. that in any case the question of profit or h-«s will he donded by the nercentnare of sound fruit cnnable of holdinsr firm long enoiich to admit of disposal in retail stores. 28 ^ ' It must be admitted that the Crawford is not entirely satisfactory as a long diatnnee carrier, but as already stated the results of this first important experiment are on the whole surprisingly good. ' The gradual raising of the temperature is most desirable and had in this case excellent results. Fruit packages quickly removed from low temperatures to the outside air are often quite damp owing to condensed moisture upon wrap- pers and packing material. The consignment under consideration was carefully examined and no trace of moisture found, both fruit and wrappers being i!i excellent condition. ' It is too early to draw general conclusions, but in this matter of tempora- ture again it is most gratifying to observe how successful has been tliis first experiment." The Lord Mayor of Cardiff received a few specimens which he acknowledged a? follows : — 'I must say the fruit was in excellent condition and I am sure will find a ready and appreciative market in Cardiff and district. The samples were exceed- ingly choice and luscious. ' (Sgd.) W. A. MACKINNON, Trade Commissioner.' Paragraphs from Newspapers ix the Old Country. ' Canada,' London, October 18th, 1910. canadun peaches. The first cases of the Canadian Government trial shipment of peaches to England arrived at Avonmouth on the Royol Edward on Thursday of last week. Ihe lot was divided into three, part going to Bristol, part to Cardiff and the remainder to Birminarham. Con>>iderinjr that the variety (Early Crawford) i- one of the tender sorts, the result has been pronounced by Mr W \ Mac- Kinnon, the Canadian Trade Commissioner at Birmingham (formerly rhief .f the Fruit Division of the Dominion Department of Ag^icultu^e^ as" .1. .idedlv gratifying. The packing,' says Mr. MacKinnon, 'was superb, equal to or excelling anything I have seen from other colonies or from foreign countri.^. At Cardiff up to Saturday each case of twenty-three peaches was briii^nns fi^ wholesale. At retail establishments of the highest class the price askod wa. 6d. each. 'South Wales Daily News,' September 26th, 1910. canadiax peaches — shipment for south wales. . n "^i*" J"; ^T' *^f f "'■'^ ^«« a^""^^ at Avonmouth with a consignment of Crawford peaches shipped by the Canadian Government direct for Cardiff from Montreal. The fruit, which arrived in splendid condition. i« <,f < v^ellent flavour and texture, the preservation being no doubt due to the perfect system of packing that was adopted by the Department of AgricuH-ire. The C-iadian (government are bent on stimulating interest in the products of the P. ninion nmonff English and Welsh dealers, thus bearing in mind the interests of iwer? 20 'Oatette and Empire.' Birmingham. September 24th. 1910. PEACHES FROM CANADA. three SDecimena of fh-f,,!-* «"<* twenty-four boxes, each containing twentv- to TheTsres premii of mTI " ^'™'"^^-™ -ster-lay n.orning^ directed The fruit had be^rcaSulfv wr-i"^f°"*^' ^^"'"^"'^ ""'^ '^*«" ^'"'««'^'- layers of ' wood wooT' wHh ^r^^l '"u*"'"^ P"'^'' ""^ **""" ^'^'^'^^ »^tween .la'n,rg«l star ir; ; ntJ^v coir ^^.J^ ^.T'I ^'T"'^''"'" '" "" ""- it was apparently of excellent qual tT Anott " ' ""''."^'* *"" ''P'" ^^'''^ y excellent quality. Another consignment is expected shortly. LONDON. First shipment-78 cases Elbertas; 72 cases Old Mixon: Shipped from Mont- real September 17; landed at London September 29 ture^rLdon"-!.' ^' '"''''' ''"^'' ^"'"''''' '"' ''"""^^"" Department of Agricul- «n«Jf k!!""""*^ °^ packages showed good stevedoring, adequate .pace beinir the fruit sound, without marks, and of"'good a^^laranr ''''" "^'"''^'^ ' ""'"' .f If ^^P/'^^^^nts parcel opened sound, although hard, and in the oninion of Messrs. Munro not sufficiently ripe. . « " m me opinion In regard to the packages, I venture to say that the method of crating the^e eases together should be placed lefore shippers as it certainlv is an oS lesson m packing and ,f accepted as a standard crate would, I am sure justifv Tie ;rZdef ''"" " '' ""' °"'-' "'•'"""■^^^ ^'« ''""'"'"^ ">-' a"; r Chan';: With the absence of Enplish poaohos the varieties are eagerly sought for. SeptonilJr"" m^- """■ """"' '''"''''' ''''""* '''^'*'" '''''''''' ^'■'^^°"' •^«**^^ irnmSarf '" ""^^^IPt of peaches which we got possession of yestcrdav afternoon ;rhtd?condit;:r' "' *'^ ^^- ''"^""" '-* ^-^ --^ *° «-' ^^«*'^^^- - - in coTh V"'^'"^ .r'^ soundness is everything that we could wish, but coming n cold stores as they do, they should have boon left tt, pot somowhnt rinor as wPro^!*^"''^/'?r^.'' ^' '' ^"* "' ^^ «^"* ^°""^ «^-^- to the countrv and ^ere not quite abl,. to fly ce, owing to tLom being so hard, we are not roturning you account sali •! next mail 80 Mr. Davis bw called and examined them, and we have represented this tu liim as well. We hope the next shipuieut will come in rather riper condition, when they will no doubt sell readily. We are certainly pleased to see the packing is doue •o well. The ' Elberta ' and 'Mixon' are better than the * Crawford,' ami wc think if they come as good size they will sell in preference to tiie ' Crawford." Provided there are no complaints from those sent to the country, we export to be able to return you the whole parcel at 6s. per box, as we have cleared tluin all. Second shipment— 324 cases Elbertas; IS cases Old Mixon: Sliipjjcd from Mont- real September 24; landed at Tx>ndon October 7. From Insi)ector Davis, London: — stowage. — The cases came forward properly stowed and carried at a tem- perature of 35 degrees, rising 40 degrees the last two days. At the time of discharge ( adverse condition could not be attributed to change of temperature. Pachinfj. — The Elbertas sent by the department were packed 20, 23 and i?" per case, the 20's beinjr put up separately in wood wool, while the 2.3' -t mid 2.V- were packed solid. Dealers have a preference for the former pack. J i: Third shipment— 108 cases Elbertas: Shipped from Montreal, September .W; arrived in Tendon via Liverjiool, October 11. From Messrs. Oeo. iloore. Limited, Covent Garden Market, London, .hite.1 October 10, 1910:— We are just in receipt of yours of the 30th ult. and we are pleased to note that you have .'sent these by Liverpool, being a quicker route than comii,? hv the Thomson line. Wp are sorry to note that this will be the last shipment for the sea than we have done as there are still a good few English one about, and tn make a trade it is a wrong principle to pinch the hu.veis too tightlv; a pood iiiaiiv nf them already complaining that they could do a much larger trade at a litt^' le« money. There have also )>een some complaints of a percentage of them tuniinu' niif in wasty condition, and this is probably through the wet weather you refor to in your letter just received. We trust that our re=ult= will l>e entirely satisfactory to you and liiat it may lead to n larger business in the coming .vears. We must certainly congratulate .vou on the method of packing, as it i< per- fect, and takes on at once with the bu.vers here, whereas, if they had tin =anie l\ f From Inapector Davis, London :— oar M?ZnHw.r?^ '° ^'n""J °^ ^^^"*"' '''"°« ^"'^•'^ ''^ refrigerator 5uh list irxallnJ'?? P"-. October 10th. 1910. and delivered 7.00 a.m. the ^tzztn^. 'an'd v;:f:-'^ - — ' ^--- ^^ ^^--.tre Weh^M toJ^trxoJiv.nT*^,*°,"^°'%^^^^^ '^^ September 26th and 27th. export, consequently we accepted only 198 cases and shipped the whole lot t., ^ aZ T^!r.,r'^"? "'**'°"^'^ «"»' '"^l^^J both appear^ee and qSity and afforded a good^ ustration of the variation in quality which may be foundTn Elberta h77t\'Vu:dtirth '"*'"' ^^"T'^f p"** "-^'^ ''^ tL shYpi\as'irss tL ^-ffi T " the average of the first lot of Elbertas sold in the same market The difficulty experienced by brokers in disposing of these peaches eve^arS irxrnti-t'Ttsts.r """' '- ^-'^ - '---' ^"-^ beTpefchrs LIVERPOOL, LEEDS AND MANCHESTER. First Shipment-Liverpool. 51 cases; Leeds. 12 cases; Manchester, 12 cases; var- >ety Early Crawford: Shipped from Montreal, September 16; landed at Liverpool .September 26. From A. W. Grindley, Chief Cargo Inspector for Canadian Department of Agri- <"ltiirp. Liverpool, dated September 27, 1910:— .hJ^A *^f « P^^^^^t' ^^""^^^ ^^ ''• ^'Sanfic September 24th and wer«. dis- S ol?tt^''*'"^r '''\ ^^' ^''"P''*'^ '"' "«« ^«'^ '" the Commercial t r".0 . n?^ r; ^^P*«"iY ^^*?= l^^ Manchester lot in Smithfield market '""iit fi.OO a.m. September 2.th. and the Leeds lot in Kirkgnto market at the Ihe size of the fruit is good, style of packing and package perfect. You must remember when comparing prices realised that the Liverpool Com- u.al Sfllexoom ,s wholesale and ran deal in large q„antities. while Smithfield niaket Manchester and Kirkgate market. Leeds, are like Queen's SquarrLiver. rool, where jobbers sell small lots on commission. Mr. Fred. Bridge, Manchester ho realized .-is. 6d. per ease telephoned me to-day that he did not w^nt nnv more V d'eaW-tr"-.-' -I'T^'^^r. "-* ^hiP^ent. so the smaller markets can orn> deal with very limited quantities. I understand that the bulk of the peaches -d here yesterday were bought by a Birmingham firm. Liverpool and Coven '-nrden are the great distributing centres for fruit in England. IN 38 From A. W. Orindlcy under date September 29, in further reference to iK'iichf* mentioned nbove: — Home of the |)eaelie!< are Mtuudinfr up well and are being retailed at 4d. ami 6d. each. 1 fancy some cases on top and near coils in ship's refrigerator were too vM. while those which w«»r»> not so nnicli ex(l ap|x>ar to be ttirnin? out wei' Peaches from the ' Cape ' could be carrietl at a lower teniperature tl.iiu 'Canadian ix-aches ' as they arrive here during cold weather, while oi;;'h l.i div charged from a temi^'rature of 35 degrees into a temperature of 70 degrees, ami such a sudden change is bound to injure the fruit. I find California iH'ur- iiiul plums which are landes. Tin fruit should be kept for twelve hours in an intermediate temperature. Enniiicer- should l)e instructed to allow the temperature of refrigerator chamlKTs wlicn delicate fruits( peaches, pears and plums) are stowed to gradually rise (Inriiii' the last 24 hours so as to more nearly approach the temperature that the n"""l- will have to meet when discharged. Second shipment— Liverpool. 102 cases; Manchester, 24 cases; Leeds. 24 Man- Chester and 8 packages to Leeds. Temperature of thermograph 35 to 37 (lejrm-. which I still continue to consider too low; better have 30 to 42 degrees u- the peaches are on the firm s'de and have still to meet warm weatlier when discharged. This morning, three hours after being discharged from shipN ^• frigerator. moisture was condensing from atmosphere and the wood wool ami tissue paper wrappers w?re quite damp. This has a tendency to damoge the fruit and make it go wasty. Members of the trade much prefer to have a band of wood wool roiin.l eacli peach as it gives the fruit a better appearance when exposed for sale in tlic rot.ii! shops, as well as preventing the peaches bruising each other when ripe. As the fruit was all hard when landed there was practically no diflference in eori.litiuii on arrival, liut the packages with only tissue paper and packed solid (L':!"-i iind 25's) were not neorly as attractive in appearance as the 20's with wood xrm] bands round each peach. ^Ir. CJrindley wrote again on October 8, as follows: — These peaches ex. ss. Dominion were carried, I believe, at too low n tem- perature to be discharged during what amounted to summer weather here ilnii- Chester averaged about four worthless jjcaches per tray and out of 24 tmys sent to Leeds 2 trays, or about 40 peaches, were worthless. The retail trutie iinc nu complaining about the peaches not holding up. They held up long eiioiieh t' pass through the Commercial Saleroom here, but they ripen too quickly .itid S' * wasty ' too sotin to suit the retail trade. from A. W. (Jriudley. Liverpool, dated November 0. 1910:- ?-' -Z-tnight. „„d the, took 1.. or more a. • KnS' hot-touHi ' "" ^ """^»«"« ' ""«' "' « ^ew oa^* dun. Liverp^:' :„d LX^'^ '" tlu- ,K.rt. of Lo„- t likely. They had to sell m smaller lots by so doing. The fruit wasL!! Fro,„ Messrs. Simons. Jacolis & Co.. (Slasgow. dated September 29. 1910:- Wo herewith beg to hand you account sales and cheque for the exnerimentol ThirruttrrJ" -•./^-''-'-- -»)-'' we have sold' to the ifesr d Z g I . > truit arr v«l in quite good condition an.l we would verv much like to ).nv„ nI.od a higher price for them because we know th..t in London «1.*; eJn t onXd ctsf "'". 'T '^"^ f ""•'''■ ^""'^ "^ *^^ ^-'* f-- that X" no., • u- ^■'«^'^"w and ,t appeared to us that the London shipment contained P..nes which were larger and more matun.l than those whichTame on b"r" Tt ... however, a pleasing thing to know that the exiK^riment of shippinir this fndi Hi I' hu been tueceMfiil and, we ■houM think, profiUbk. Conducted on ■ mmlentt •cele there i» no reeton whjr that t m abould not be pennanent. Second ihipment— 177 rases Elbertas: Shipped from Montreal September 17; landed at Glasgow September 26. From Jas A. Findlay. Glasgow, under date October 7, 1910:— I beg to confirm cable sent you to*day, viz.: 'Peaches, 8a. 6d.. 3s. 9d.' I regret the price is lower than last wedc; one item which is certainly affvctitij; the price secured for your consignment to Glasgow is that Liverpool and Ix>ndon are sending down small consignments to a few firms in the Bazaar who arr naturally pushing the sale with their own customers and are not committing themselTes any furtlier by buying those sent here direct. A fair test of thf markets can only be seoiired by eooh <1ii>tribiitinfr centre dependinfr on it-i own .|i.. trict. I did not cable the prices of the peaches on Tuesday as little or none wei* sold and at the moment of writing there are still a few crates to sell. The firm condition of the peaches on arrival and when on offer tells nirain>t the sale, but buyers as they become acquainted with the mature peach will give greater support to consignments. The condition of the fruit wrs very 9ati«- factory in both syles of packing, though the package of 20 peaches, sliowin? each peach surrounded with wood wool, looks best, but cne or two retailors vhm I have spoken with on the matter, prefer as little packing as possible. From Messrs. Simons. Jacobs & Co., Glasgow, dated October l.l, 1910:— We are sorry that this consignment did not arrive to as good a market a» the previous one. We have nothing to complain of with regard to the condition of any of the boxes, for there was little or nothing to choose between them a; regards this. We. however, think that (the 20 count) those pocked with a ban! of wood wool round each peach, is the most preferable. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. These trial shipments have demonatrated : — That Canadian peaches can he delivered in Oreat Britain in good marketable loondition provided proper care is exercised in preparing them for ahpment. That only peaches of good quality, of large size and with a touch of colonr should be shipped. That every detail of packing must be attended to with scmpnloni care. That if peaches can he pre-cooled before shipping they may be picked in a more mature condition, which would add to their flavour, size and appearance. That shipment by fast freight in a well iced and properly loaded refrigerator car is better than by express. That in the ocean steamers any temperature between 36 and 40 degrees will carry the peaches safely if they have been delivered to the steamship in rigit lOondition. That it is important to have the temperature gradually raised to about M degrees during the last thirty-six hours the fruit is in the ship's refrigen- tor so that when it is landed there will be no condensation of moisture from tie warmer outside air. „">•« "ly • <»mp«r«UT.ly uuU qiutttjt of of ,h,. K„Kli.h ,„Hrk.t ,. Kn,„ hy th.. South Afri,.a,. Tra.l... (•o„„„i..io,...r i„ I..,„.|o,. .....1 r,.pri„t...l hero- with. MIWJK IM'HKANK IN PKAf II MHIPMKNTX. Si,„.e iWHi the nutnU-r of si„Kl.. h,.v,.r va.c» ..xi-ort.-.l fro,,, C.ih. Tow,, v.nrlv liu!' liccii a» follows:— -;:i iiKMt. . . . '"r*"- -- ::;;:::::::: •.::.■.•.•:.•.■.■:.■;.•:.■;. ,:::!^ imw iiM-jr, 17.2) M IftlO '.. i':{.t!4«! The South Africa,, shippiuB ^ea.on ...xt..,..!, fro,,, the tirst of January to the latter luirt it Apr,!. The fre.Vht rate .-harKe.! hy the ("oufereuee )i„o of Hte.au.ers f„r fruit i., ,o|,I -t.n-uv tro„. Cape T..w„ to Southa,„pto„ is ll.ls. ^-r to,, of 40 ,.,,1,1,. f.-ot n.easure- H..-MT n„ u.a.l stea,..ers u,..l (tOs. o,. ,h.. .lower boat.. ,,h.s 1,) jkt .tM pri.ua^e i„ l,..,!, A.MonlinK to the exeelleut aunual re,mrt of the South Afrieua Trade. Con„„i.- M.,ier M> Lo„.l„„. f„r the fruit seaso,, of IJ.IO. the e.ti.uate.l ,..,st of shi,.pi„K peaehe^ m..lu.lmK eost .,f pael:iriiiici> jrno-. l)nt when taste I they are found t ) be dry. woi.ly and lacking in flavour. The prices during the past season may be considered satisfactory. During the last week of January, Early Rivers, in counts of 28 and 24. were making 4s. <',d. to 5s. (id., and Alexanders 5s. to Ss.; during February different varieties of good attractive peaches were making 4s. .'id. to 5s. 3d. for counts of 2S and 24. and for larger fruits in counts of 20 and 15. prices ranging from Ts. to 10s. per box. During the last week of February when very large quantities were coming forward, the prices fell to about 2s. 6d. to .3s. 9d.'. and 5s. 3d. to Ss. for similar counts as above. During ifarch good peaches were making 4s. r<>.. 6f. per box. and exceptionally large and attractive fruit in counts of 25 niirl l,i made Ss.. 9s.. and up to 15s. per box. I need not offer any suggestions as to packing, as this is now well under- stood by the shippers. I will, however, warn beginners to be very careful about the grading; the fruit contained in each box must be as nearl.v as possible of equal size and quality. T will recommend all shippers, the experienced as well as the beginners, to mark their boxes at the end with the words ' Clingstone ' or ' Freestone ' ns well ps tbe nnii-e of tl-o variety and the count, but I must H'ain immt out that the English and Continental markets do not want ,vellow feli poacbe-. or clingstones, no matter what the variety is. The peach requin,] hy these markets must comply with the following description: Tt must be i-und in ?1 ape, a large size, with a good rich colour, white flesh and a free stone