13 
 
 1100 Mkyna AMfHM. SuH* liOO 
 8MvM Spring. Maryland 20010 
 
 301/587-8202 
 
 V 
 
 /•?.<• 
 
 :v 
 
 Centimeter 
 
 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 mm 
 
 Inches 
 
 1.0 ^^^ 
 
 I.I 
 
 lit 
 
 lU 
 
 r ih 
 
 lit 
 la 
 
 u 
 
 >> . 
 
 IM 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.25 lU 
 
 11.4 116 
 
 MRNUPflCTURED TO BUM gTONDRRDS 
 
 BY APPLIED IMAGE. INC. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 P^V 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ft- 
 
 
 ■^. 
 
 

 CiHM 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series 
 (Monograptis) 
 
 >, ;, 
 
 iCMH 
 Coliection de 
 
 rnicrofiches 
 (monographies) 
 
 [g] 
 
 Canadian 
 
 Inatttuta f of Hlatortcal MIcroraprodMCtlpna / InadtMt Canadian da mlcr oraproduatlona hittoriqiiaa 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
TMhniMl and WbNofrapHic No«m / NoMt tMhnkiuM at biMiafraphtaiUM 
 
 H- 
 
 Th« Inttitut* hM attampMd to obl«ii» th« b«rt erifiiMl 
 copy avMiabtt for fiiminfl. FMturM of this eo^ wMdi 
 m«y ht MMietniphieaHv uniqtM. which imv ihtr any 
 
 of tha inwiM in «»»•'•»»»*«<*•"'•"•*** "*^ 
 ii«nif ieantiv ehanfa tha ummI method of f ihnint. ara 
 
 chacfcad oaiow< / » 
 
 r~~1 Coloortd eo»ars/ . 
 [ lA Couwftura da coulaMr 
 
 QCo«art damapd/ 
 Couvartyfa andommatio 
 
 pn Covari rattoiad andht laminatad/ 
 L0 Couvartura ra*taur«a at/ou palliculAa 
 
 □ Covar titia itiiMint/ 
 La titra da eouvartura manqiM 
 
 □ Celourad mapa/ 
 Cartas jteri^ici*^*" 
 
 D 
 
 CohNWMl ink (i.a. othar than Mua or Maeli)/ 
 Enera da couia«ir (i.a. antra qua Maua ow noira)' 
 
 □ CohMirad plftai aiid/or iiliMtratiom/ 
 Planehat at/ou iMuttrationt an eoulaur 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 Bound with othar matarial/ 
 Rtli* avac d'autrat documanti 
 
 Ti#it bindinf may eauM shadows or distortion 
 •lont interior marfiii/ 
 
 La raiiurt sarr«a paut causar da I'ombra ou dt la 
 distorsion la lont da la marfa intiriaura 
 
 D 
 
 Blank laa«as addad during rastoration may appaar 
 within tha Uxt. Whanavar possiMa. thaaa ha«a 
 baan omittad f rom filminf/ 
 II sa paut qua cartainas pagM blanchas ajouttes 
 tors d'una rastauration apparaissant dans la taxta. 
 mais. lorsqua cala ttait possiMa. cas pagas n'ont 
 pasM4fiMn4as. v 
 
 Additiohal commants?/ 
 
 itairas suppltmantairas: 
 
 This itam is tilmad at tha raduction ratio chaekad balow/ 
 
 Ca documant ast film* au taux da iMuction indiqui ci-dassous 
 
 L'Institut a microfihn* la maillaur axamplaira qu'il 
 lui a «t* possiMa da saprocurar. Las details da cat 
 axamplaira qui sent paut^tra uniquas^ point da «ua 
 MMiofraphiqua. jqui pauvant modif iar una imafa 
 raproduHa. ou qui pauvant axifar un9 modification 
 dans la mithoda normala da f ihntta «>nt indiqu4s • 
 ci-dassous,' 
 
 □ Conrad papas/ 
 Pagas da CQulaur 
 
 □ Papn damagad/ 
 Pagas andommagaas ' ■ . 
 
 D 
 
 Pagas rastorad and/or laminatad/ 
 Pagas rastaurtas at/ou paNiculAas ' 
 
 r~n Nias discolourad. stainad or foxad/ 
 Li:j8f»agas dicolortos. tachatias ou piquias 
 
 □ 
 
 Pagas datachad/ 
 Pagas dAtaditos 
 
 QShowthrpugh/ ' 
 Tramparanca 
 
 Q Quality of print varias/ 
 Qualit* in4gala da I'imprassion 
 
 n 
 
 Continuous pagination/ 
 Pagination continua 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 Includas indax(as)/ 
 Comprand un (das) indax 
 
 TitIa on haadar takan from:/ 
 La titra da I'an-tlta proviant: 
 
 TitIa paga of issua/ , 
 
 Paga da titra da la livraison 
 
 Caption of issua/ 
 
 Titra da depart da la livraison 
 
 Masthaad/ 
 
 Qanariqua (piriodiquas) da la livraison 
 
 10X 
 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 18X 
 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 26X 
 
 
 
 
 »X 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 'a- 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 f ■ 
 
 
 20X 
 
 
 '-'. - 
 
 f 
 
 24X 
 
 
 .-■ • 
 
 28X 
 
 
 
 • ■■ ', !; 
 
 32t 
 
 a 
 
DIM 
 
 Th« eopv filmed hcrt Km bMn r«produo«d thgnkt 
 to th« gciMfMltv of : ^ 
 
 TlwUirtW<Cli«wlitlCwii<tAwMwi 
 Vlmrii UntvOTity AnMm 
 
 Th« ImagM appaarlng horo or* tho batt quality 
 potalbia ootiaMaring tha condition and lagibiiity 
 of tha original eopy afid In kaaping with tha ^ 
 filming oontraet apaclfloatlont. 
 
 Original oopiaa In printad papar oovara ara fllmad 
 baginning with tha front eovar and anding on 
 tha laatipaga with a printad or iliuatratad Impraa- 
 aion. or tha baek cowar whan appropriata. All 
 othar original eoplaa Bt^ fllmad baginning on tha 
 first paga with a printad or Iliuatratad Impraa* 
 aion. and anding on tha liiat paga with a printad 
 or Iliuatratad imprasaion. 
 
 Tha last raoordad framo on aaeh mieroflcha 
 shall contain tha aymbol — ^ Imaanlng ••CON- 
 TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (maaning "END ). 
 whiehavar applias. 
 
 Maps, platas, eharta. ate., may ba fllmad at 
 different reduction retios. Those too lerge to be 
 entirely included in one enposure ere filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to 
 right end top to bottom, es many;fremes es 
 required. The following Miegrems illustrete the 
 
 method: 
 
 M 
 
 VeMmploIro fnm4 f ut reproduh gnee i Is 
 g«n«roaltA do; 
 
 Tlw Utilw< dwydi 9tUmi» kn»»hm ' 
 Vlitwto UsivMiiy Aniiim 
 
 Lee Imegee euWahtee ont 4t« reprodultee evoe le 
 piua grand aoin. eompte tenu de le condition et 
 de ie nettet* de fexempleire fllm4««et en 
 dbnformit* evee lee conditions du contret do 
 fllmisgo. 
 
 lee eiiemplalree oiiglnauM dont le eouverture en 
 pepler eet Imprintle lent f llmAe en eommenoent 
 ■ per le premier plat bt en termlnent salt per le 
 dernlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte 
 d^lmpreaalen ou dllluatretlon. solt pf r le second 
 plat, eelon le eae. Toue les oiitres exempielree 
 origlneux sont ftlmto en eommen^ent per la 
 proi^l*re p«ge qui comporto une emprelnte 
 dli^preeelon ou dlllustration et en termlnent per 
 la demtirt page qui comporto une wMe ^ __ 
 emprelnte. - 
 
 Un dee eymbolee euhrents epperettre sur le 
 demiere Imege do cheque microfiche^ selon le 
 ces: le symbde -^ signlfle "A SUIVRE". le 
 symboie V slgnlflsr"FIN". 
 
 Lee certes. plenehes. tableeuK. etc., peuvent itre 
 fiimAs A dee teuK de reduction diffArents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grsnd pour Atre 
 reprodult en un eeul cllchA, II est f ilmA A pertlr 
 de I'engle supArieur geuehe.de geuehe A droite. 
 et de heut en bee, en prenent le nembre 
 d'imeges nAcesseire. Les diegremmes sulventt 
 llluetrent le mAthode. 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 
 . ■ ' ■ 
 
 . .-•:"' ■■■» ■ ' ■ .■ 
 It ■ , 
 
 : , 1 ■; 
 
 (' 
 
 3 
 
 
 » 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 32X 
 
 • 
 
 * ■ 
 
 ^ . •' ■'.-., f 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 ;■■ .,' . ' •»■ .,, ■ ■-•> 
 
 
 ' -T - — - ■ - . ,1. 
 

 ' w, ■ 
 
 
 REASONS 
 
 
 ■ *. '. 
 
 WHY THE 
 
 L 
 
 Individual Gup 
 
 *■ ■' ■ ■ .'■ ■''■'■. ■ ■■'■■- -, " ' .'' ■' ' 
 
 COMMUNION SERVICE 
 
 ':h- 
 
 4^ 
 
 SHOULD BE USED IN ALL CHURCHES 
 
 W". 
 
 m^M 
 
 ^■,,i- 
 
 K''r 
 
 TORONTO: V 
 
 MAIL JOB PRINTII^G COMPANY 
 
 V 1898 
 
 1 1> f\ 
 
 t'^i-^ 
 
 
*v 
 
 r 
 
 ( 
 
 i* 1' 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. • 
 
 \lii 
 
 ;/' 
 
 { n 
 
 71 
 
 d 
 
 it *'■',■* 
 
7t f 
 
 
 ■PUpMRMMIfllilM 
 
 *> 
 
 .•#*/ 
 
 L« 
 
 ShouM be used in aU churches^ from a Biblical and Hygienic itandpoint-with letters and 
 
 c ommend a t ions from 
 
 ifeflk" jsii^5« "JsLSfiTifct; 
 
 -H 
 
 
 t _. . 
 
 ■■■ ^.f ■ 
 
 Ir 3 
 
 ;>' 
 
 REASONS 
 
 WHY THE 
 
 Individual Cup 
 
 COMMUNION SERVICE 
 
 V 
 
 •I* 
 
 S,^ * 
 
 DR* ALBERT WATSON 
 DR. R S. ANDERS 
 ERNEST R^SANGREE, MJ>. 
 REV. LOUIS H. JORDAN 
 
 AND OTHERS 
 
 
} 
 
 u 
 
 ■t 
 
 if 
 
 INDIVIDUAL COMMUNION CUP SERVICE 
 
 ,.•) 
 
 In the winter 9K1897 The Individual Cup Communion Service was introduced 
 into Canada, when it was used by several of the churches in Toronto. Almost all the 
 church members heartily approved of the service, and many letters were published 
 fronrthe leading medkal and business men of the -city highly Yecommending, the 
 general use of the Individual Cup. These strong commendations have kindled the 
 sentiment of Christian people in their favor, and caused all branchi»8 of the Church to 
 
 .consider the question of their speedy adoption. However, there are still some Chri«* 
 ttant in many places who think the Individual Cup an innovation and not in strict 
 accord with our Saviour's actions and words when He instituted the Sacrament of 
 the Lord's Supper. 
 
 The generaropitiion has been that our Saviour filled His cup with wine, blessed 
 it. drank from it, and' passed it to His disciples, who in their turn partook and 
 passed it on to the next; that our Saviour's command was, " Drink ye all out of one 
 cup:" and that the Holy Communion was thus instituted, in order that by brmg- 
 ing together the rich and poor, the afflicted and joyful, the sick and the healtl^y, 
 all classes ind conditions, to drink out of one cup, as one family in the Lord, a 
 feeling of brotherhood might be produced. 
 
 • But is this general opinion correct ? Let us carefully search the Scriptures that 
 we may fully know our Saviour's teaching regarding the method of receiving this 
 Sarrement. And let our search be not according to "the wisdom of men," but 
 with the help of "the Spirit, that searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God. 
 
 Matthew xxvi., 27, 28 : " And He took the cup and gave thanks, and gave it to 
 Ihein, saying, ' Drink ye all of it; for this is ^My blood of the New Testament, which 
 is shed for many for the remission of sins.'" 
 
 Lukexxii, 17, i8,,2o: "And He took the cup and gave thanks, and said, 
 • Take this and divide ikamong yourselves; for I say unto you I will not dnnk^of the 
 fruit of the vine until ^c Kingdom of God shall come.* Likewise also^ the cup 
 after supper, saying, 'This cup is the New Testament in My blood, which is shed 
 
 for you.'" ^ 
 
 '■ ' , ' ■ ■ ■■•2 ■■ 
 
 ■.-'*'.. 
 
 'M 
 
' ^vm^i^^'^'^^^'^^^^wifffv^^f^^^^'t^' ^«fl 
 
 >■ •*, 
 
 It it very evident that He did not take Hii cup, or a cup from which the 
 diiciplei were drinking, but tbb cup— something special and well understood. And 
 as He had commanded during the passover to " Divide it among yourselves," so 
 when the Sacrament is instituted. He again divides it among them. * Left to par- 
 Uke from one cup, it Could not be equally divided, and there might be none left for 
 the last. Hence the wisdom of the Saviour's words. *' Divide it among yourselves.'* 
 {i must be de^r to every reader that it was no ordinary drinking cup, meant for 
 only one individual, and passed around the table, but some larger and deeper vessel,^, 
 from which each could obtain a portion of that wine — the precious " blood pi tht 
 New Testament, shed for many for the remisiion of their sins." 
 
 If it were a fact that Christ commanded the perpetual administration of the 
 wine in the Sacrament from a single cup, from which all should partake, why have 
 the churches departed from that command ? Is it not the practice in all churches 
 for the minister to use a number of cups — usually two, but as many more as may 
 seem convenient— which he refills from the pitcher that contains the common ^ sup- 
 ply ? Now, if two cups, or four, or eight, why not one cup for every communicant?. 
 
 The word cup, as used in the Scripture, is a figure of speech. When in His 
 agony in Gethsemane, Christ prayed, " If it be possible, let this cup pass from Me." 
 That could have been no j(>rdinary cup, but refers directly to- His sufferings and 
 death on the cross. Davigjj&vs. " I will take, the cup of salvation and call upon the 
 name of the Lord." AlsTne Matt, xx., ai John xviii., ii, and other passages, 
 where the word cup is used in blessing or in punishment, tt is therefore obvious 
 that ths word cup does not always mean a common drinking cup, but has a much 
 larger and varied application, and, at the institution of the Lord's Supper, may mean 
 a basin or any vessel large enough to hold! the necessary supply. 
 
 If there is any feature in the life of our Saviour whi^i is mor« prominent than 
 any other, it is its absence from ceremony, mode and form. And tnis is due to His 
 grcitf purpose to do, away with the Jewish cfcremonies of the Mosaic law and bring 
 in the new dispensation of salvation by faith, and the law of life, liberty and love. 
 " Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." " SUnd fast, therefore, in {he 
 liberty wherewith Christ hath made you free, and be not again enUngled in the 
 yoke of bondage." And as Christ has freed us frpm the observance of the sacri- 
 fices and ceremonies of Moses, giving Himself as a complete sacrifice for sin, He 
 directs all Christians to keep in memory what He has done for th'em. "This do 
 ye, as oft as ye 'shall drink it, in remembrance of Me. For as often as ye eat this 
 bread and drink this cup, ye do show forth the Lord's Death till He come." And 
 the liberty extends to the frequency and th^ manner of observing this sacrament.; 
 Some Christiana observe it every Lord's Day, some once a month, and others at 
 even longer periods. There is also liberty in the manner, for every- denomination 
 has its own ritual— all acceptable to God. With all this liberty, there could not 
 be a cast iron law that only one cup shall be used. Again, there is liberty regarding 
 
 K 
 
 3 1- 
 
 I 
 
 H>. 
 
 ■I ■' 
 
Pp^w^=Y™*^^^^W 
 
 thr bread. We read, " Jeiut took bread and blened it, and brake it, and gave it 
 to Hit disdplei, and said, Take eat; this ii M^ body.'" Why did He break 
 the bread in imall pieces ? Why not let each disciple take i bite out of the loikf ? 
 If there is any .gain for brotherly fellowship by drinking from one cup, surely a 
 
 double blessing would follow if all ate from the one loaf also' ? 
 ,,■■/■ 
 In this little pamphlet have/been inserted the opinions of a few medical, scien- 
 tific and business men concerning the uncleanness, repulsiyeness and liability to 
 contagion from promiscuously drinking from a common cup. Is not the whole 
 Bible full of the Gospel of cleanliness ? In His teal for the soul's welfare. Christ 
 did not neglect the requirements of the body. His mission was not the spreading 
 of disease, but its cure. And as the great Teacher who knew all things— how the 
 lily grew, and where the rose obtained its color; how to turn the water into wine, 
 knd how to feed five thousand with a few loaves and fishes; He could call all the 
 •tars by their names, and made the people marvel about His knowledge— did He 
 not also know of the niicrobes, germs and diseases to which the body is subject ? 
 Of course He did I And would we bring dishonor on the precious memory of 
 our immaculate Redeemi^r, by asserting that He would institute such a method 
 ait the common cup an4 command its perpetual continuance ? 
 
 But let us look yet deeper into the purpose of this sacrament, that wc may 
 understand the great significance of the sacred feast. In John vi : 53-57* wc read, 
 " Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto yoti. Except ye eat the flesh 
 of the Son of Man, and drink His blood, ye have no life in you. Whoso eateth 
 My flesh, and drinketh My blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise ffim ^qp at the. 
 last day. For My flelSh is meat indeed, and My blood is drink 'inc^edl He that 
 eateth My flesh, .and drinketh My blood, dwelleth in Me, and I in him. As the 
 living Father hath sent Me, and I liye by the Father: so he that eateth Me, even 
 lie shall live by Me." 
 
 If taken literally, such verses would be barbaric; but in verse 63 Christ says, 
 "It it the Spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I' 
 speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life." Well might Davi^r-whpsc 
 prophetic vision saw the life of the coming Messiah, exclaim, "Thou hast shown 
 Thy people hard things; Thou hast made us to drink the wine of astonishment/' 
 Psalm 60 : 3. Matthew says, "When Jesus had ended His sayings, the people were 
 astonished at His doctrine." Have not we also drank the wine of astonishment as 
 we have seen the hard things of His teaching ? Read again that SermoiPon the 
 Mountl Study these passages: "But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless 
 them thitt curse" you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which 
 despitefuUy use you. and persecute you; that ye may be the children of your 
 Father which is in heaven. Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, 
 give him to drink: Be not overcome of evil, but overcame evil with good. Be 
 of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high things, but condescend 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 
 - ■ 
 
 f-' 
 
 
 
 ■ ■'4 ■ 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 ■ • • 
 
 ' .^ 
 
 
 84 . 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 :-./'. 
 
 • :■'"■ 
 
 '-. 
 
 ■ ■■, '■.■■' 
 
 . 
 
 
 ■1 
 
 2i£i 
 
 .'■ ■' ■ ■»■; 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 ii 
 
 
 "■-■..■■-■. 
 
 IL. 
 
 
 ■M 
 
 ^^^^■■•i 
 
 
 ' ■' ■ ' . ■ .-,- ■■■: . 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
*. 
 
 
 "W 
 
 5.^9" 
 
 to men of tow estate. Be not wise in yaur own conceits. ** Qh^' the wine of atton- 
 iihment of theie teachings, that we should love our enemicit 
 
 " And he, trembling and astonished, said, Lord, what wilt Thou have me to 
 do 1^ And the Lord said unto him. Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told 
 thee what thou must do." Saul, the persecutor, of the Christians, to become % 
 chosen vessel to preach the .Gospel t Oh, the wine of astonishment ! 
 
 '' And ai ye would that men should do to you, do ye also to them likewise.- 
 Give and it shall be given unto you; good measure,, pressed down, and shaken 
 together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. .For with the same 
 measure that yt mete withal it shall be measured to you again." "Though I speak 
 with the tongues of men, and of angels . . . htve the gift of prophecy . . . 
 all faith . . . feed the poor . . . give my body to be burned, and have not 
 charity, it profiteth me nothing." " It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, 
 nor any thing whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak." 
 " We, then, that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to 
 please ourselves. Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edifi- 
 caticn. For even Christ pleased not Himself." 
 
 Oh the wine of astonishment of these verses! Men can measure the ocean 
 and sound its depths; but who can comprehend the unfathomable depths of such 
 words ? Not pne ! And shall we narrowly say that at the Holy Communion, 
 where we profess to enjoy the sweetest and most sublime experiences of fellowship 
 . in His love, we shall be excluded, unless we partake of His spiritual feast in the 
 cotnmon cup ? God forbid 1 Such action would be directly contrary to His 
 teaching. In i Cor.- xi : aS, we are taught how we should approach His tlble, 
 " Let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that 
 cup." The alMmportant point is a self-examination, that each may know for him- 
 self that he approaches that table in the proper spirit of love', and in the full liberty 
 of the new dispensation, to do this in remembrance^ of his crucified and risen 
 Saviour. ' ^ v 
 
 * Within the memory of many Christians unfermented wine had no place at the 
 Holy Sacrament. And even yet many churches refuse to use the unfermented 
 juice of the grape. Still, for the sake of the weaker,^^rethren, multitudes have 
 turned away from the use of fermented wine and %cceptlii %hat seeified an innova- 
 tion. To-day there are many Christiana who refuse to come to this great spiritual 
 feast and partake by the present method, which they believe to be unclean, liable 
 tq communicate contagious diseases, and wholly unneces8ar|, Stirely Christian 
 people, full of the wine of astonishment, will ' permit what "may seem another 
 innovation, and allow the introduction of the Individual Communion Cup, so that 
 these who cannot now commune with them may enjoy to the very fullest extent 
 the brotherhood and fellowship of their love in Jesus Christ. Then in their joy^ 
 shall they be able to say with David, "My cup runneth over." 
 
 
 ^ 
 
mmmwr^'"'!'^m 
 
 \ 
 
 
 f 
 
 r 
 ft' 
 
 Each diiciplc had . hit own apirituai cup of a greater or lesser capacity, and 
 each had that Individual Cup filled to the brim of the Master's lil^cach his ^up of 
 love and charity, being continually filled from the great fountaiiNuead and con-* 
 tinually overflowing towards all hia brethren and sisters— each his cup^ suffering 
 ^nd death — then after death that cup of bliss, expansion and growth throughput the 
 endless ages of eternity, constantly filling with that new wine of astontKipent 
 which He has promised to drink anew with us in His Father's Kingdom. 
 «yc h»th not seen nor ear heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man* 
 wha. Oud hath laid up for those n^ho fear and love Him." 
 
 In the old covenant the bloo<i of the lamb was sprinkled on the altar of the 
 sacrifice as an atonement for sin. In the new covenant we are asked to give up 
 our hearts aa a sacrifice. Heb. lo a^d i6th. " This is the covenant that I will make 
 with them after these days, saith th^ Lord, I will put My laws in their hearts, and 
 in their minds will I write them, a^d their sins and iniquities will I remember no 
 more." igih. " Having, therefore. V«thren. boldness to enter into the holiest by 
 the blood of Jesus, by a new and living way< which He hath contecrated for ua 
 through iht veil, that is to say, the flesh, and having an High Priest over the 
 House of God,* let us draw near witH a true heart, in full assurance of faith, having^ 
 our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed iit-pure. water." 
 Phil. 14th. " Do all things without niurmurtngs and disputings. that y^ may be 
 blameless and harmless, the sons of (pod without rebuke in the midst of a crooked 
 and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world." 
 
 We all know that eating bread ai|id drinking wine will nourish and strengthen 
 the natural body, but that is only an outward form and' symbol of what we are to 
 do spiritually, for we are told that th^ flesh profiteth nothing, it is the Spirit that 
 quickeneth. Therefore, how are we tol eat Christ's body and drink His blood, that 
 we may be nourished and strengthened spiritually? Was not, every act and word 
 of our Saviour from His lowly birth in.jthe stable of Bethlehem to His last crowning 
 act on the cross the body and blood ^f the New Tcstafnent ? Take the life and 
 death of our Saviour out of it. and th^re }vould be no New Testament left. Then 
 we come to the Lord's Table to eat His body in bread and drink His blood in 
 wine, as an outward aiid visible sign that we are invisibly eating and drinking 
 every wora and act of His life into qur hearts and' inwardly digesting them in com* 
 munion and fellowship with Him in our daily life. John 13 and 17 "If ye know 
 these things, happy are ye if ye do them." Let the poor man come to the Lord's 
 Table and remember Him. Cor. 8 and 9, " Though He was rich, yet for your 
 takes He became poor, that ye through His poverty might become rich." Let 
 the tempted, afflicted, and tired man come, and remember He was in all points 
 tempted and tried like as we are, and those light afflictions which are but for a 
 moment, worketh out for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory. 
 None who come to the Lord's table witlha tfue heart in remembrance of Him will 
 
 iK. 
 
 
 be turned away empty. , 
 
 ■■■■■■ I " ■ ■ ' ■ 
 
 6 
 
 
 ,<i 
 
 • ■ • '■ 
 
 ■ t' ' 
 
 
 ■-■ \. " :■. , ^, .■,-■■..• " ■•.".■, 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■;■-■ ■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
* 
 
 \ 
 
 iK 
 
 The New Tcttftncrit ii a vtst and deep ttorchoute of bread and wine, auitabk 
 for all clattet and conditions of the human family who through it tpintually ditr 
 cernf the broken body and shed blood of their Divine Lord and Matter. Jphn jrd 
 and^^Uth, " And as Mofct lifted up the serpant in the wildernesa, even to mutt 
 tbfe Son of Man be lifted up." Surely David had hit eye fixed on that uplifted 
 Croat when he wrote the 4th verte of the tioth Ptalm, "Thou hatt given a banner 
 to them that fear Thee, that it may be displayed becaute of Thy truth." Every 
 ludion, every kingdom, and every army have their bannert, under which they twear 
 allegiance to their king and country, as they march on to conquer and to victory, 
 so Christ hat fought the gr^ fight and overcome the world, the fleth, and th« 
 devil, and hat raised the standard for us, the blood-stained banner of the Crott. 
 This it that invisible standard and banner of that Heavenly . King and country. 
 Jahn iS and j6, ^' J*$its ainwere4y My kingdom is not of this worlds ij My kiiii^- 
 dom KK*rt of this world then would My setvants fightj* 
 
 Every lime we eat His flesh in bread and drink His blood in win< under that 
 banner we rccognize'^nd renew our allegiance to Him as the invisible and invincibly 
 Captain of our Salvation, over whom death had no terror and the grave no victory. 
 
 ^\ 
 
 From the *'Utcrary Dlgc^t,^ July 23rd, 1898 
 
 A MFENSE OF THE ^INDIVIDUAL CUP" 
 
 Having in vi<;w the objections urged against the use of the individual communion cup by 
 several religiouH journalK, and rartiauarly by The Christian Advomte of New York, The 
 Examine (Hnptist) coincK to the defeniie of that innovation in a leading «ditoi;|al. It makes 
 a ii)H.'cial pnitest ngainst the asHumption that the use of* the individual cup is d6nt(Ary to the 
 .Scriptural ^lea of the Lord's Supt^er. On this it says :'i^ 
 
 " It is asKumed, and the facts seem to justify the assumption, that but" one cup was used 
 at the institution of the supper by our Lord. But Jesus laid no stress on the use qf one cup- 
 that was not in llis thought at all. It was to the memorial chai^acter of the broken bread and 
 poured-out wine that He drew the attention of the disciples. It was not ^his cupiK^, but {Ihc* 
 wine contaimd in it, that was to constitute the memorial. And does any sane perstm suppose 
 that but one cup was used at the sup})er of the Lord in the great church at Corinth ? So far ai 
 can lie made out from thq very meager account of their observance of the. supper, the metho(|^ 
 was much less orderly than is common with us. They seem to have partaken a good deal at 
 random, and all the probabilities point to the use of many cups. Nothing in the apostle's 
 censure of their mode of observing the supper can 'be construea as dfrected against the use of 
 more than one cup. So much' for the l^riptural side of the question. 
 
 *' Another objection sometimes urged is that the use of individual cups destroyed the idea 
 of communion in partaking of the supper. Does it? In the first place, with whom is the 
 'communion '? With the body of believers present, do you say? But that is not the teaching 
 of the Word. The eating of the bread and drinking of the cup, Paul says, is a pArtakini of, or 
 participation in, the body and blood of the Lord. It is, ttien, communion with the infinite 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 lO" / 
 
'."5^ 
 
 •V? 
 
 Sftviour, not with finite man. Half the trouble over the ' communion quettion,Mf not the 
 whole of it, would be eliminated at once were the unicriptural conception of the supper as a 
 'communion of tainti' with one another set aside. But, admitting its validity, the whole 
 case ag-*— * *-- '--jj -• ■ ^ ... ... 
 
 twenty 
 
 against individual cups is surrendered the moment two cups are used, 
 tty ? If twenty, why not two hundred ? " * 
 
 If two, why not 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 Ffom the Caiiadkn Jounul of Medicine and Surgery 
 
 > ... - ■' ■ . 
 
 I •INDIVIDyAL COMMUNION GUPS 
 
 Though, perhaps, it may be somewhat unusual for a medical journal to inter- 
 fere with cr even dare to dictate to the clergy, yet- we must express an opinion on 
 tne outcome of the debate which took place recently at the Annual Conference of 
 the Methodist Church, which convened in this city, on the adoption by that body 
 of the use of individual cups at the celebration of the Sacrament of the 
 Lord s Supper. Leaving out of the question entirely the religious aspect 
 of this matter, we are strongly of the opinion that a very grave error 
 has been made in allowing the decision of this important item in Church 
 government to be waived for another year, as in these days of rapid 
 advancement in every aspect of life, be it social or otherwise, when it has been 
 long ere tliis indisputably established that disease is communicable through germ 
 life, surely it is only a matter of cleanliness, if nothing else, that each communicant 
 should be lupplied with a separate ^ine cup. Unfortunately lack of space pre^ 
 vents our going more- fully into this subject, so it must suffice to say, that we 
 cannot but think that a series of lectures on hygiene should be introduced into the 
 final year course at all the divinity colleges, so as, by that means, to infuse into the 
 niindsof the preachers who think diflferently some common sense on hygienic lines, 
 thereby benefiting both themselves and indirectly their congregations. W. A. Y. 
 
 ^'.^ 
 
 From the "Gtobe" . 
 
 THE SAO^AMENTAL ^ C^ 
 
 To the Editor of The Globe: 
 
 Sir, — During the last few days we have heard so many comments on the admin- 
 istering of the Lord's Supper that it is impossible to refrain from endorsing the 
 remarks made of the danger to humanity by the continued use of the single cup 
 in our churches. " 
 
 It is not my object to open up a discussion on this subject, as it is of too sacred 
 a nature to do so; but when we consider the startling facts set forth by leading 
 niedicaf men during the last week we cannot but be more impressed with the great 
 risk we have been exposing our lives to and the lives of our families who will follow 
 in our footsteps. . . 
 
 When this was discussed a few years ago no way was then open to remedy 
 the existing danf^, but during the last tw6 or three years methods have been in 
 use on the Amencan side which have and are not only giving perfect satisfaction 
 as to their practicability, but are greatly adding to the blessings received from this, 
 the instituted supper of our Saviour. 
 
 ■ ^■■ 8- -. ■' .■.■.-' ■.., ■■;■-■. ■-■■ 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 r 
 
 ^it 
 
] 
 I 
 
 I do not desire to make any remarks that would lead to a theological dis- 
 cussion, for theologians are only too ready to advance and even ^construe Bible 
 passages to suit their own ideas. I speak, I trust, the sentiments ^f sensible men 
 when 1 sav that if this were to be argued there would be no room for argument, 
 for It would have been made ..as plain in this regard— to the distindt fornua usage 
 of a certain vessel— as were the instructions given in the days of Mdses, when even 
 the minutest detail was made in writing. These are days when life fs precious, and 
 It behoves us to guard well the constitution that will be transmitted to generations 
 who will follow after us. \. 
 
 It is, as the Rev. Dr. Carman says: "The blessing we must look for, and not 
 the form. Some one has whispered, " Another innovation of the church." Let 
 mm beware, for men are inspired to increase the power of the Gospel, and have 
 always met barriers raised through natural preiudice and superstition. Let us 
 -Remember it was so over i, 800 years agp, and is still prevalent in human nature 
 ^t the present time. One of the daily papers has stated that the church seems to 
 b<^ going more into form and forgetting the hallowed memory that should cling to 
 all tho^ partaking of the Lord's own memorial service. I do not think the writer 
 bad ever attended one of the services conducted with the elements partaken of at 
 the table where all <nte and drank together, having no thought of anything repulsive, 
 but being able to conce^itrate his nund on Him above, and receive a blessing from 
 the man of God, and could ptit 4II his soul into his work without one detracting 
 thought. 
 
 This is a subject of intense tfaov|:ht to every Christian man br woman, and to 
 personal as to command the most careful attention. Were it impossible to have a 
 system at our command that ciTh improve the situation it were better never to have 
 8pok$n, but when we can, let -us^ see to Jt that the matter is not neglected through 
 QUr prejudices. We have had it fully demonstrated during the last six months in 
 several of pur principal chuipthes that we can adopt this much needed precaution 
 and still retain and add to the beauty and solemnity of our communion, for I have 
 had the pleasure of attending one of these services, and can fully endorse all which 
 the pastors and inembers of these churches have said in its favor. And the fact that 
 less 'than 100 communicants partook from the one cup last Sunday night at our 
 Toronto Conference proves that the single cup will spon be a thing of the past. 
 
 Toronto, June 16. t. MILLER. 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 From the ^'Cfar'ttian GtoftUan/' [<fly 21st»S897. 
 
 THE GQMMUNIDN CUP 
 
 ^ Dear Sir,-^The resolution moved in the Toronto Conference on the question 
 of the communion cup has brought the matter into general notice, and as a com- 
 mittee has the subject under consideration, it is important that all the facts should 
 be brought out, so that an intelligent decision may be reached. It is chiefly regard- 
 
 surgery has reduced the death-rate in certain diseases by fifty per cent., and after 
 major operatipns by seventy-five per cent. It is only suthi facts, thus established, 
 with which we shall' deal here. 
 
 Microscopic organisms are present in anv locality in frequency or sparseness, 
 in proportion to the abundance or scarcity of life in grosser forms. Thus the air 
 at mid-ocean or as found at the centre of damp forests or on mountain summits, is 
 practically free from germs. A certain degree of heat and moisture encourages, 
 
 
 t 
 
 ..n^ 
 
'■*>f 
 
 
 'L 
 
 but intense heat or dryness arrests their development, and excessive heat destroys : 
 them. Though dryness arrests their increase, it assists the air-currents to diffuse 
 them. Dry air is, therefore, richer in germs than moist. Air in motion contains 
 far more microscopic life than air at rest. Air before a shower showing many 
 thousands of germs to a cubic metre, is largely freed from them by the falling rain, 
 which is found to contain them in myriads. As soon, however, as the ground dries, 
 and the wind rises, they are once more carried aloft. A school-room, which was 
 unoccupied, was found to contain 3,000 germs to the cubic metre of its air space. 
 Buring school hours the number inci-eased to 20,000, and the agitation of air result- 
 ing from the hasty leavini^ of the scholars at four o'clock at once doubled even this 
 number. The conclusion is that nearly all of the 40,000 germs per cubic metre were 
 lying on the floor of the unoccupied room. The surface of the human body is a 
 favorite home for a great variety of germs. It can be readily shown that the skin 
 even of a very cleanly i>erson is literally swarming with microscopic life. Hairy 
 places, especially in the immediate neighborhood of the mouth and nose, are espe- 
 cially rich in fungi, bacilli and cocci, and these are notably increased whenever the 
 health of the individual suffers deterioration. Perspiration, a slight catarrhal or 
 cczematous condition, a cold sore, or an ulcerated patch, indeed any moist condition 
 of the skin, such as often occurs at the margins of mucous membranes, increases 
 the number of germs to an incredible extent, and the presence or absence of dis- 
 ease-producing varieties can only be ascertained by,,microseopic examination. Every 
 drop of discharge from purulent sores or ulcers, contains mrnions of microbes, and 
 the same is true of all decomposing organic matter. The processes of ferments^tion 
 and putrefaction illustrate the tremendous rapidity with which vegetable and animal 
 micro-organisms multiply. The immortal Lister, whom the present writer has 
 repeiatedly' seen in the operating-room using his new and wonder-working methods, 
 will be here this summer, and all will have an opportunity to honor him, whom our 
 Queen delights to honor for his benefactioons to the race. His methods, improved 
 by himself and others, have made operations possible which before were hardly 
 dreamed of, and experiments and discoveries are still following which are waking 
 the wonder of the world. Some one has said that the scientist has caught the germ 
 and educated it It were truer to say that the germ has caught the scientist and 
 educated him. It only remains for the germ to catch the theologian and educate 
 him also. I will not insult the intelligence of the reader by making an application 
 of tlftse facts to the question of the communion cup. The choice which should be 
 made, on sanitary grounds, as between the common and the individual cup, la 
 obvious. Every minister knows that alleged Christians often kneel at the altar of 
 communion whose moustaches reek with tobacco and saliva, while others, with 
 sore mouths and lips, offensive even to look at, are found at the same sacred altar 
 with ladies of the most acute sensibilities regarding such matters. A. physician 
 told me the other day that as he sat in church recently at sacrament, he saw the 
 cup passed to a woman near him whom he knew to be suffering from a loathsome 
 disease. It is needless to add that he did not drink of that cup. I shall leave it 
 for the consideration of others as to whether or not the customs prevalent in the 
 East two thousand years ago are under any circumstances obligatory upon us; as to 
 whether several cups or one only was used by the twelve; whether the words of our 
 Lord "This cup," refer to the vessel or to its contents; whether we must neces- 
 sarily avoid the slightest departure from the original method, or may shun a very 
 real danger by using a separate cup for each communicant. If the letter is inviol- 
 ablti then surely it is absolutely so, and we must cease to use even two cups. 1 
 must add emphatically, that if the common cup is to be used, it should be washed 
 anew for each person using it, otherwise a host of people will refrain from com- 
 munion in our churches. The sense tof delicacy and fitness which governs their 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 . i 
 
 i 
 
 ,*&'#t»>*l*,<v» 
 
 
frn'm^ ' 
 
 daily life, will prompt them to apply the same canons of cleanliness and sanitation 
 at the table of the Lord, which they so scrupulously, and, I am bound to add. so 
 wisely observe in their own households and around their own boards. Meanwhile, 
 in order to reassure the communicants, let the minister who advocates the common 
 cup be the last, and not the first, to partake. 
 
 ALBERT D. WATSON. 
 ■ t . 
 
 I 
 
 From the Detroit "Free Puss," July 20Hi, mi 
 
 ■ . ■ ■ ' ' .-■■*■'.■, 
 
 THE PUBLIC DRINKING CUP "" 
 
 The opening of the excursion season signalizes the return to business of the 
 public drinking cup, and its mission a^ a means of spreading disease. To watch 
 the crowd around any public drinking fountain and see what a variety of lips are 
 placed to the common cup should induce the excursionist to either carry his own 
 cup or suffer the pangs of thirsi. At one moment a dirty-handed child grabs the 
 cup by its rim and buries his nose as well as his lips in its contents; the n^xt comer 
 shifts his tobacco into his teeth " and to the bottom quaffs,'' and a little girl follows 
 him and happens to drink from the same^spot on the cup's circumference. Some 
 more fastidious person rinses the Cup before he drinks, but drops it after his draught 
 without thought of the next comer. It doesn't matter, as it chaftces, for a dis- 
 reputable tramp who drinks water only for lack of something stronger, next grasps 
 it. Three daintily dressed girls succeed him at the generous tank; they are top 
 full bf giggles and grin to do aught but drink as carelessly as they are living, and 
 you almost shudder to see them filh4kc cup without a thought of even the slight 
 cleansing they might have given it— and after that filthy tramp, too! 
 
 That we are a thirsty race is demonstrated by the frequency with which we 
 resort to the public drinking fountain. There's always a crowd and a puddle in the 
 vicinity. It is the Mecca of the children, and bf those grown-ups who are not fas- 
 tidious or accustomed to control their impulses. Habit govenrns nine-tenths of ui, 
 and the idea that we must drink every half hour is habit, pure and simple. It is a 
 bad habit, and a dangerous one, if indulged ^t the public fountain. , , 
 
 Disease is often comnwnicated through the medium of the promiscuouily used 
 cup. Mothers find their children ill of some communicable disease after an outing, 
 and wonder how On «arth they "caught it." The don't think of the many pairs of 
 lips that have pressed the public cup — ^lips of all sorts and conditions of nien anl! 
 women. -Even if illness is not the result there is something disgusting in the indis-_ 
 criminate use, which should be sufficient to deter anyone who ever took tliought 
 on the matter. Therefore, when you put the few necessaries you will need for a 
 journey into your hand-bag; when you pack the box of luiich, when you start on 
 a long drive with thei children, don't forget the cup orj glasis that takes so little room 
 and Vf'iW enable you (to satisfy the oft-repeatied dem^d for a'drink without risk to 
 the children's Wealth or offense to your own sense of cleanliness and decency. A* 
 little silver cup is convenient; an agate one will answer; a teacup is better than 
 nothing. A miniature tumbler— a whiskey glass, to be precise, costs ten cents-- 
 takes next to no room at all, and, as everybody knows, water tastes better out of 
 cwar glass than anything else. Don't travel without something of the kind. If you 
 have nothing better at hand a quarter sheet note paper, or even wrapping paper, 
 may be twisted into a cone, and, with the point tom off, will make a, safe and con- 
 venient cUp. BEA. 
 
 " • ■ it ■ • -. ' - . ■ ■■■■ .' 
 
 4'! 
 
 ^ 
 
 .fel 
 
 -# 
 
 -MirtA^^ \ 
 
 
^1 >- \'^-'}i—t f?* * "1 « iir • 
 
 •f '.■i'^' 
 
 -if / 
 
 * 
 
 i& 
 
 Framth* **CtuAAMowa GutadiaM," Jtiiy 19th, \W7 
 
 - The following hints for mothers are published by The Chicago Daily News 
 Fresh Air Fund: — ~— -"^--^ ' 
 
 Dont' kiss your baby on the mouth, or on the eyes, and don't let anyone else 
 do so. It is dangerous to the^baby if the mouth of the kisser be in any way tainted. 
 
 Dont feed your baby with food first put into your mouth. Not only is this 
 common^ practice filthy in the extreme, but it is absolutely perilous to the baby. 
 
 Don t rub your baby's eyes with your owil solid hands. 
 
 Don t put your fingers in the baby's mouth " to feel for teeth," or for any other 
 purpose, without having first thoroughly cleansed your hands. And then don't 
 4o It. ■. 
 
 Don't wash your babe's face with your own saliva. This is as once as vile a 
 practice as it is common, and a mother with decayed teet^ocan very rapidly cause 
 the baby's face to break out in sores because of "the washing." 
 
 Don't forget that a well baby is a happy baby, and that it is through no fault 
 of the baby that it becomes ill. 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS INFECTIOUS 
 
 An Otfidal D^cLifatioA by the New York Board of Health 
 
 New York, Jan. ao.— The Board of Health yesterday officially declared tuber- 
 culosis an infectious and communicable disease. Hereafter physicians in private 
 practice and the heads of hospitals and other institutions^ whether priavte or public, 
 will be requii;ed to report all cases of tubercul6sis to the health authorities. New 
 ca«es must be reported ^ithiii a week after their diagnosis. It is proposed to have 
 a city sanitarium for the isolation, of certain cases, which may also be used as a 
 , school to educate those suffering from the malady. 
 
 '• > 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS IN KANSAS 
 
 Topeka, Kansas, Sept; 4.— The Board of Regents of the State Agricultural 
 College at Manhattan have discovered that the cattle, sheep and hogs kept oh the 
 college farm are infected with tubrculosis. The men who have been employed in 
 the stables are also seriousl]^ ill, and the man^Vho had direct charge of the cattle 
 is not expected to live, having been suffering with the disease for several weeks, 
 Mrs. C. Geor8[son, wife of one of the professors, has also been ill for seeyral weeks, 
 and it is reported that she became infected by using milk from the diseased cows. 
 Paul Wilcox/an assistant, is also suffering with tuberculosis and his life is despaired 
 of. He contracted the disease while handling the cattle. The existence of the 
 disease was discovrd by Prof. A. B. CQttrell, the newly-elected P-cofessor of Agri- 
 culture. The whole Statf is excited oVer the discovery. < 
 
 4- 
 
 v:y 
 
 THE INDIVnXJAL CUP 
 
 h Eadontd by the American PoUk Health Asndatkm 
 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 26.— At this morning's session of the American Public Health 
 Association Convention, a resolution was adopted endorsing the action of a num- 
 herof churches in adopting the use of individual cups or chalices in administering 
 Hte communion wine, and the Association recommended the use of individua^ cups 
 wherever communion cups are mow in use. 
 
 13 
 
 ■ _'. ■. 4, 
 
 •■' ■)■ 
 
 jTr^^m^/, 
 
 i^^i^'^ 
 
>ii^ • ,iv^~- 
 
 
 a 
 le 
 
 It 
 
 r- 
 
 te 
 
 •:, 
 w 
 
 a 
 
 al 
 le 
 
 in 
 le 
 
 s» 
 9, 
 s. 
 id 
 le 
 
 • 
 
 1- 
 
 bh 
 1- 
 
 THE ''COMMON'' CUP 
 
 To the Editor of The Mail and Empire: 
 
 Sir,— That old prejudices die hard is again illustrated by the fact diat some 
 memberi of the Toronto Conference came forward to champion the use of the 
 '* common " cup in administering the sacrament of our Lord's Supper. Many of the 
 larger churches use two or more cups in this solemn rite, so that the " common " 
 cup has not the sanction of usage uniformly in its favour. Did the champion of the 
 "common" cup enquire of the churches that use two or mor/as to the spiritual 
 effect of the reform ? Has there been any great decline in /everence for things 
 sacred since the additional 6up8 have^<been ttsed, or hat the service been less effective 
 in such churches in such churches since its introduction ? If not, why should the 
 old usage still be fol]9wed when there are so many good a^d sufficient reasons for 
 making the change ? 
 
 In speaking to a good brother in a western town as x6 the Coihrnunlon service, 
 he said that he drew the line at the use of the "comnroa" cup. He had a large 
 moustache, and suffered somewhat from catarrh. Rather than partake of the sacra* 
 inent, and thus inflict upon his brethren the cup soiled /by such contact, he refrained 
 from partaking of this solemn rite. Who would care/to take the dregs sipped per- 
 haps by consumptives, or take the cup pressed -hy tobacco-stained lips ? The 
 uncleanliness is too apparent to require amplificaticm. The wonder is that anyone 
 could be found who would champion the cause of^the." common "cup. Scientists 
 and the medical men have demonstrated beyond /doubt' the great danger that lurks 
 in accumulations that gather on the cup when used in large churches. As many as 
 twenty-two distinct disease germs have been found in the analysis of the dregs of 
 the wine after the sacrament had been administered. WjU the gentlemen upholding 
 the continuance of the one cup system cafe to shoulder the responsibility of the 
 suffering and the deaths that may occur therefrom ? 
 
 It is to be hoped that the brethren who have taken a stand against the "com- 
 mon" cup will not rest until the individual cup is made cdmpuTsory on all who 
 administer this sacred rite. 'Our health officers are in ditty bound to prohibit the 
 use of a means so likelv to spread disease and death, the more especially so when 
 nothing can be said in favour of its continuance. 
 
 Yours, etc., METHODISX 
 
 Toronto, June 17. k 
 
 From the •'LHffan^'g'st," Novfaaber 20th, J897 " 
 
 AS TO COMMUNION CUPS 
 
 From Common to Indivkfisal— 'Where the Change is Bc&v Made and Who are Makhig 
 
 "It— Some of the Reasons Therefor 1 
 
 The change from the common eup to individual cups in the comoiunron service 
 has already made noteworthy progress, if we are to believe Dr. H. S. Anders. In 
 a paper recently read before the American Medical Association, Dr. Anders goes 
 into the question at some length, and finds that about 100,0^ communicants have 
 already made the change, though it has been but three years since the agitation 
 began. We quote from a report of his paper, published in The Journal of the 
 American Medical Association (Chicago, October 16). Says Dr. Anders:— 
 
 I \ 
 
 1> 
 
 
 ■7 — TwST 
 
LL_f7 I ■■ 
 
 ff.-t"f'w' K .■'•■;'■ /.. "**"" 
 
 ■r}7.K-^. 
 
 '* . ;iM 
 
 1' 
 
 fa 
 
 #.1 
 
 'Sobr^iour knowledge extends, the first church to use individual coinmunioh 
 cups (or sanitasy reasons was the First Congregational Church, of Saco, Maine, 
 in November, iVpS. It may be of interest to quote from a deacon's letter to us:— 
 ' Having officiated at the communion service for many years, and, observing the 
 moustaches, sore und tobacco-stained lips, the idea suggested itself to me that there 
 must be some* better way. Then, too, the hurriled manner in which the tup was 
 passed from one to another took from the solemnity of the occasion, Ind I thought 
 if each one could have a cup of his own more time would be given for liteditation 
 and prayer and it would be of greater benefit to each communicant; and, aiiat 
 our tea-table, we have individual cups, why not at our communion table ? The 
 change has been very satisfactory.' But the first extensive use of individual com- 
 munion cups was made in Rochester, N.Y., where on the first Sunday in May, 1894. 
 the Central Presbyterian Church used the outfit designed by Dr. Forbes, a member, 
 for its 1,800 communicants; although on the Sunday previous the outfit was first 
 put to practical test in the North Baptist Church, with its 240 communicants. It 
 seems that the Baptists and Presbyterians had the courage, liberty, adaptabilitjr, and 
 foresight to unite on this question, if not on questions of doctrine and polity. Other 
 churches of the same and various other denominations in Rochester soon followed 
 in adopting individual communion cups, so that within one month fourteen had 
 them in use and six signified their intention of adopting them. 
 
 'One needs but to see an individual communion outfit in practical use 10 
 believe in it. It is beautiful, simple, cleanly, sanitary, easily worked and handled 
 by both pastor and people, adds. harmony, dignity, impressiveness and devotion to 
 
 the service. '.. ^ ^- * 
 
 " At the recent meeting in Philadelphia the American Public Health Association 
 adopted a tesolution recommending the use of individual cups at the ordinance of 
 the Lord's Supper. Commenting on this action, Th<^ I^resbyterian Review, Toronto, 
 proceeds as folu>ws: — * • j- -j 1 
 
 -^ "There seems to be a rising tide in favour off adopting the use of individual 
 cups or chalices in dispensing the communion wine. However difficult the thing may 
 be to accomplish, no doubt the tendency at present ^ in favour of the individual 
 cup; The medical faculty has been verv generally on its side, and »t »8 only the 
 other day that the American Public Health Association-^an influential body of 
 professional and official men, pronounced against the practice at present prevailing. 
 
 ' Of course the change is advocated for hygienic reasons, and in the long run these, 
 if genuine, will prevail.' / ... r» 
 
 "A. word on the same subject is spoken by The Congregationalist, Boston*--/ 
 •This change from the custom of using cups in common was^ first urged by physi- 
 cian< and it was natural to expect that those who compose the Health Association 
 
 . wmild approvTof it from a saSitary point of view. Individual cups are now in use 
 S^ considerable number of churches, especially the larger ones m cities. 
 
 " • Wherever they have been adopted, so far as we have learned, the change has 
 «vcn iTMeral satisfaction. This is a reform which is not advanced by .urging, and 
 Twhifreveiy ?hu^^^^^^ much eiptitled to determine what shall bfe its ow" custom 
 Ls iievci^ family But the use of individual cups is in accordance wifh .the.usua 
 habits of%eSSc in these days, and not only guards against the communication of 
 some ^ eSsesfbu? promotes^leanliness. It is also, as really^a <^7'^esy to give a. 
 iruest his own cup to drink from in the church as m the home. In time we have 
 n^ doubt thSit the custom of many persons drinking of the same liquid in a single 
 "up Sm disappear l^mThe chuUes, as it has already disappeared from almost all 
 other gatherings, private or public.'" 
 
 r . '4 
 

 y-|., '-»*"♦• !((^- _, 
 
 ' ■ •'SI** ■■• 
 
 
 
 >•/ 
 
 
 THE COMMUNION CUP OONTROVERSY-A CASE IN POINT 
 
 Editor of The Literal^ Digest: I ..' 
 
 Anent the discussion on individual communion cups, which will npt down and 
 ,ought not to until the matter ^ settled in aifcordance with the principles of ordinary 
 cleanliness, let me rise to remark that one observation of a fact sttch as those 
 detailed by Dr. Sangree, in your issue of >fai:ch 19, is worth more than a thousand 
 failures to observ^ or recognize facts, as is the case df those who "do not find 
 disease to result from contacf^with impure cups." < 
 
 An incident which came under my personal observation, not long ago should be 
 of value to those who are striving to establish the proper relation between cleanliness 
 and godliness. , ., 
 
 At a recent communion service, two or three seats in f^ont of my family pew 
 sat a young person whom I had been treating for specific ulcer of the lip Physicians 
 will know what I, mean by "specific ulcer. '^ Sufticci it to say that it is the highly 
 infectious, primary stage ' of one of the foulest, most dreaded diseases that attect 
 the human organism. This person partook of the wine, and the same cup was 
 
 fassed to the occupants of my pew. Being, fortunately, in possession of the facts, 
 declined it and succeeded in getting another cup, which, at least, had not so clear 
 a record of filth and infection. But how about those in the rear of my pew ? 
 Dubuque, Iowa, March 21. ^ M- D. 
 
 
 COMMUNION CUPS AND DISEASE ^ 
 
 Editor of The Literary Digest: 
 
 Though Dr. W. Thornton Parker, in The Digest of February 26, says that dis- 
 eases resulting from contact with impure cups (communion) are extremely rare, 
 and would therefore seem to find no necessity of individual communion cups, it 
 strikes me that one case of proved disease would be reason enough for the innova- 
 tion. Personally, the thought of putting my lips to the same spot touched by the 
 lips of from two to ten peoflle immediately preceding is highly offensive, and would 
 be reason enough without the additional possibility of disease. To trace a given dis- 
 ease to this cause, hqwever, would be exceedingly difficult. In my own mouth, 
 for instance, th«re habitually resides the diplococcus pneumoniae, or the organism 
 that is believed to cause ninety per cent, pf the cases of croupous pneumonia. This 
 microbe seems to be innocuous to me, but if I inject under the skin of a rabbit, 
 ■ guinea-pig, or mouse a minute quantity- of my sputum, the animal invariably dies 
 within a day or two of what might be called blood-poisoning, that is to say, these 
 parasites develop in the animal's blood by the millions and elaborate a poison so 
 powerful that the animal is killed. This is the same poison that kills human beings 
 in fatal cases of pneumonia. Experiments have shown that an average of one per- 
 son in five habitually carries this microbe in his mouth. Just why an individual 
 should be susceptible at one time to this microbe and not at another, we do not 
 know; but we do know that this is a fact. Now it may easily happen that Mr. A. 
 leaves on the communion cup the diplococcus pneumoniae and that Mr^t B., or Miss 
 C, his neighbour, takes the organism off into his or her mouth. Froni there the 
 parasite may easily enter the lungs, and, if the individual is in a susceptible condi- 
 tion, set up pneumonia. Yet no one could ^ver prove that pneumonia had such 
 an origin. Again, the pus-making bacteria are also in some mouths and may, when 
 transferred to susceptible soil, manifest their dangerous virulence. To use my 
 own mouth for another illustration, I injected under the skin of a small dog a week 
 
 ■ »5 -■ 
 
f^WSf 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ite. t-!^*** I* t" w *^'n»*>'<'"' o' •putum. The animal developed in a few days an 
 •btceM nearly half ai large as my ff.t, and almott died from the eflfecti The pus fn th? 
 alMcet*-thowed the pus-making microbe known as the staphylococcus pyogenea 
 f« This organism, entenng a minute abrasion in some other persons mouth. 
 
 Uiuaceptible at the time, might easily set up a painful or dangerous pus procela 
 ^ ' if "I in ^%"^^^ ^fj*' "° °"* *^°"'<* c^**" prove such an etiology. 
 
 .- .. . ___.. ._ .„_« ERNEST B. SANGREE, M.D. 
 
 Naihville, Tenn.^March 19, 1898. 
 
 /I 
 
 ») " ' 
 
 Fr«ai the ''ITcstmioftcr,'' April aOth» 1898 
 
 A Talk wHk the Rev. Loub !H, Jordan 
 
 III an Interview with ReV. Louis H. Jordan, recently published in The West- 
 minster, of this city, occurs the following:—" Is the movement on behalf of individual 
 cvps in the celebration of the communion visibtv gaining strength ?" 
 1? A r, »». beyond all question. It happened that the oflFering taken in the West 
 Und Fresbytenan Church on the morning oi Easter Sunday was devoted to provid- 
 ing for that congregation a new communion service of the sort indicated. The col- 
 lection was plainly a liberal one: $650 had been asked for. Dr. J. Balcom Shaw, 
 thf pastor, commended very warmly this change in the method of observing the 
 Lord s Supper, a change which in point of fact has already been inaugurated by 
 his session.' 
 
 Report of the CommUtec on Ladividua] GMnmimion Cufs, Broadway Tabernacle 
 
 Conference 
 
 USE OF CXJMMUNION CUPS 
 
 The report of the Committee appointed at the Conference of last year to report 
 on the use of "individual cups" in the administration of the Lord's Supper was 
 presented. The Committee said they had enquired fully into the matter, and 
 there had been a desire by some to have individual- cups. The Committee thought 
 it was beat to allow the Quarterly OfKcial Boards of the churches to be left free 
 that they may have indivioual cups for the administration of the Lord's Supper or 
 orly one cup. as they see fit ' 
 
 ■£* 
 
 At the Southern Presb3rterian General Assembly meeting held at Winona Lake, resolu- ^^ 
 tions were passed strongly recommending the use of the * individual cup ' in all Presbyterian 
 Oittrches. 
 
 16 
 
 7M^l. .._„..im 
 
 
I an 
 the 
 intt 
 uth, 
 tU, 
 
 ■*: '' 
 
 »ort 
 
 .^•H 
 
 ivas 
 
 ' -'i 
 
 md 
 
 , \'-;"^- 
 
 ght 
 
 
 ree, 
 
 
 or 
 
 
 # 
 
 
 ian 
 
 /. 
 
 ■.X' 
 
 s\ . > 
 
 ■sp^i^^tsajj -aTts 
 
 wi^ iVVi, 'ti,' 4 — ^ 
 
 £f«.-^*« i-S- 
 
 ^ r\"t1r ^ ■ y i 7 7 I r — ^1 ^11^ i(~- -"" 
 
:^ 
 
 ■%„ 
 
 W 
 
 I «. 
 
 
 ,v a 
 
 ■f» -i 
 
 '■,"-*■ , 
 
 ,'"* - ./ 
 
 #■ 
 
 >>* 
 
 ■y"' 
 
 ,¥■. 
 
 4-^ 
 
 
 . r % 
 
 •fi^ 
 
 ♦ I 
 
 
 
 fc9i.l». 
 
 ^ 
 
 ' ">-* MO 
 
 
 
 '.^ 
 
 1 1 
 
 tUsk^ AaW^l 
 

 f * 
 
 
 , 
 
 • ( ■ 
 
 
 
 
 . i 
 
 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 ♦ 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 .*. .^ 
 
 t/tfm • 
 
 m- 
 
 \'m 
 
 '^^r^ ^L 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 *» 
 
 ■4^ 
 
 i 
 
 
 * f 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 
 *. 
 
 ■-# . 
 
 ^^;^ 
 
 
 J 
 
 p 
 
 r 
 
 
 "f_-% , ■ -. _!_■: 
 
 
 
 
 ■■'•'. 
 
 ■ * 
 
 
 ■'.'■^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 '- . 
 
 g-. .K- 
 
 ' . ." 
 
 
 . -^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '■ 
 
 
 H' 
 
 '•-■".' • 
 
 "» 
 
 
 .■'■•■ 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 » 
 
 ■* ■ ■' 
 
 
 > ' ■ 
 
 *^ 
 
 
 
 ■ *■ 
 
 ■ ■.:>^;.' 
 
 ■ ♦ 
 
 - — 
 
 
 
 * . 
 
 ■■ ^■^•- 
 
 
 ■ ' .. : _ ~r.\ ^ ■ 
 
 
 < 
 
 <1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ aa. 
 
 -- . .; - 
 
 
 
 
 
 » 
 
 1 . .' ' 
 
 
 
 '™*^" 
 
 
 
 ..-fp-. - • .-f 
 
 H: ■ -^ 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■■ - - .ft . . 
 
 
 ' fP ■ ,T- 
 
 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ^^^ 
 
V